{"meta":{"query_hash":"f2a2b351751f","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory"},"cohort_total":82,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":82,"exported":82,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/f2a2b351751f","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Journal+of+Public+Economic+Theory"},"results":[{"id":"W1521994883","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12070","title":"Optimal Piecewise Linear Income Taxation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Piecewise linear function; Economics; Piecewise; Simple (philosophy); Regular polygon; Econometrics; Mathematics; Wage; Mathematical economics; Mathematical optimization; Labour economics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.029695019571728914,"score_gpt":0.23305362791036927,"score_spread":0.20335860833864036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1521994883","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91883993,0.0010026445,0.006629777,0.0041786125,0.0011082692,0.000095578216,0.000060377115,0.000027647482,0.06805714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956356,0.000073012634,0.0014682858,0.00084359193,0.001353933,0.0000016898589,0.00000474459,0.000022474893,0.00059664325],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977649,0.00005761709,0.0015068296,0.00024963298,0.000026438398,0.00039459066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968576,0.0001245313,0.002421256,0.00030479374,0.000038383616,0.00025343968],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00337136,0.00019418664,0.00061582855,0.00061235914,0.000096992335,0.00013219952,0.0005377214,0.00015497023,0.00087588956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035089967,0.00021082985,0.00032272193,0.00009483205,0.000084267034,0.0012884758,0.000043031596,0.0003330842,0.0010268161],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058495898,0.00008744708,0.007388204,0.0000065726404,0.00009108752,0.0000049652763,0.00025648976,0.0006012727,0.00001322156,0.98615384,0.0017142708,0.003624126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015204677,0.0004111119,0.057865802,0.000017188853,0.000013071515,0.00012206837,0.00018284343,0.0026754169,0.00009613941,0.9012744,0.035434812,0.0003867179],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008528493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022976753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08487949,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003988003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009263323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1559842918","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12328","title":"Optimal nonlinear taxation of income and savings without commitment","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Economics; Commit; Subsidy; Incentive; Optimal tax; Microeconomics; Incentive compatibility; Tax rate; Labour economics; Income tax; Monetary economics; Public economics","score_opus":0.03612728610303811,"score_gpt":0.24903156193003423,"score_spread":0.21290427582699611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1559842918","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98164874,0.0016733463,0.0018724345,0.00084461394,0.0016468263,0.00021103371,0.0004344109,0.000012538992,0.011656067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935769,0.00028827108,0.004378211,0.00013537047,0.0013200295,0.0000070455635,0.000017775668,0.000050699604,0.00022572785],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967525,0.00009820408,0.0023585975,0.00041162575,0.00003763831,0.0003414174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917929,0.00018531128,0.0072077885,0.00049499364,0.00008715183,0.00023186443],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0049501834,0.00032698992,0.0013459149,0.0007980505,0.00007576247,0.00017062052,0.0006958023,0.00038415327,0.0005453211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038103055,0.00035726978,0.00037029022,0.00004622494,0.00038416893,0.0005299442,0.00059046544,0.00063184253,0.00011262962],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024417727,0.00027797843,0.2890609,0.0004543425,0.0014319704,0.0000044741378,0.002101859,0.00070317945,0.000013927568,0.70130527,0.0016518969,0.0027500337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002119986,0.0005192063,0.08211592,0.00022818896,0.00008014105,0.0000960574,0.0003028418,0.0065591824,0.00018052028,0.8955242,0.011533873,0.0007398729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007293711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013120178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20694496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048647288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020463522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1707133303","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12115","title":"Profiling, Screening, and Criminal Recruitment","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Officer; Cartel; Law enforcement; Racial profiling; Enforcement; Terrorism; Population; Criminal law; Profiling (computer programming); Business; Law and economics; Economics; Law; Political science; Industrial organization; Computer science; Biology; Sociology","score_opus":0.15428164513329842,"score_gpt":0.3829263031456091,"score_spread":0.22864465801231068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1707133303","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9293438,0.00037702394,0.014515328,0.0028875114,0.00073362,0.000113951566,0.0000034661728,0.000012112877,0.052013148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960102,0.00007888713,0.0010251533,0.00015140141,0.0006876588,0.0000029331875,5.324219e-7,0.000006178171,0.0020370616],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900526,0.00037061103,0.00031001426,0.00007945086,0.00007355546,0.00016113064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992612,0.0001437731,0.0003052592,0.000076768825,0.000059494825,0.00015351793],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0049917474,0.00005519231,0.00013324697,0.000116653755,0.00017776186,0.00015035862,0.00018475154,0.000038785267,0.0020926476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002475068,0.000048682934,0.00011429604,0.000018963497,0.00015195616,0.00035363366,0.000033456527,0.000114892595,0.00001891206],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014454793,0.000045246146,0.012069606,0.000008039612,0.000057436533,0.0000011148339,0.0021184927,0.0000025622928,0.0000334165,0.8313896,0.0035716707,0.15068834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008696197,0.00041580247,0.010903081,0.00007544025,0.00008183941,0.000047221365,0.019062722,0.0001261719,0.00018016389,0.06339591,0.90463936,0.00020265572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058590696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013913163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90106773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008197978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008836403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977722642","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00046","title":"The Effect of Underclass Social Isolation on Schooling Choice","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Underclass; Isolation (microbiology); Economics; Social isolation; Conjecture; Demographic economics; Low income; Sociology; Psychology; Biology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.039289328323517204,"score_gpt":0.3476078505539906,"score_spread":0.3083185222304734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977722642","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94795465,0.00019046692,0.000054092292,0.016519746,0.0008428394,0.00005174965,0.000002970268,0.000004158594,0.034379326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994796,0.000099044955,0.000013136288,0.00013869518,0.002275308,0.0000021256594,8.151571e-7,0.0000037808088,0.002671115],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863416,0.00069331616,0.00035038564,0.00005417236,0.00013796185,0.00012997817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976942,0.0018326998,0.00028421485,0.000044038814,0.00010282198,0.0000420332],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004987712,0.000054774533,0.0001316021,0.00005352113,0.0007059975,0.00008065042,0.00019403885,0.000041145453,0.00060200115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006360821,0.000036746576,0.00012273595,0.000045318506,0.00013573248,0.00027269113,0.000007579637,0.0001223374,0.000042509622],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013075996,0.000023574086,0.00327751,0.0000038911235,0.00013692303,1.0643439e-7,0.0030695663,0.00026522463,0.000028953453,0.95991826,0.00839378,0.024751471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013557492,0.0008187429,0.049797844,0.000059326,0.000090251284,0.000006509223,0.013267841,0.00022210352,0.0004858701,0.26991647,0.6636494,0.00032988007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000078738296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025309998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6900018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002483908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002464338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65914905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981935722","doi":"10.1111/1467-9779.00132","title":"Efficient Migration and Income Tax Competition","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Economic rent; Productivity; Redistribution (election); Labour economics; Redistribution of income and wealth; Progressive tax; Tax competition; Income tax; Competition (biology); Developing country; International taxation; Gross income; State income tax; Tax reform; Public economics; Market economy; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Unemployment","score_opus":0.02096172347965465,"score_gpt":0.2062432071961956,"score_spread":0.18528148371654096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981935722","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94172406,0.0011420656,0.003363327,0.0011973219,0.0007822479,0.00007110828,0.000043722142,0.000008986676,0.051667172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988266,0.0000674055,0.00036649618,0.00022769946,0.0002318785,0.0000024304566,0.0000018163717,0.000016376416,0.00025927197],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854016,0.00008374637,0.00093902455,0.00018571963,0.000017054368,0.00023431655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860525,0.00014332436,0.00090065174,0.00016534333,0.000022981814,0.00016242712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032300777,0.00012870273,0.00039402582,0.00040091958,0.00009008728,0.00011933795,0.00015765717,0.0000910877,0.0005272074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026552237,0.00013864506,0.00013223522,0.00005536983,0.00010556724,0.00031411505,0.000025568088,0.00017843021,0.00025438322],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011754142,0.00003803055,0.024899825,0.00001043599,0.00004885363,0.0000011627931,0.00018713372,0.0002096577,0.000009629242,0.9740427,0.00021711543,0.00032367825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010859595,0.00012444585,0.030688405,0.000015345635,0.000008893839,0.00015018898,0.0002787778,0.0019624312,0.00007023084,0.9292376,0.036134902,0.00024279076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016906357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019565727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057102576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024211014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050666662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57725513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983760772","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00074","title":"Common and Private Values of the Firm in Tax Competition","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Bidding; Microeconomics; Intuition; Private information retrieval; Variance (accounting); Competition (biology); Product differentiation; Econometrics; Cournot competition","score_opus":0.017526665919594665,"score_gpt":0.26222060382937545,"score_spread":0.24469393790978078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983760772","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98954004,0.00019423579,0.00022611282,0.0022204125,0.00022984455,0.000051211617,0.000001954251,0.0000018100161,0.007534358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99859715,0.0009341055,0.000019188154,0.00011325594,0.000086537075,3.2984025e-7,2.1838251e-7,0.0000022683128,0.00024695694],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927115,0.00024248601,0.0002592153,0.000040902774,0.00009160772,0.000094620314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943566,0.00010734117,0.0003469462,0.00005697303,0.000020313011,0.000032743697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001748557,0.000033602817,0.000108562715,0.000040502116,0.00006816624,0.00003237086,0.0001525058,0.000034122782,0.00013975162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000113157716,0.000024711628,0.000037835754,0.00006362356,0.00015888196,0.00036139198,0.000023595867,0.000065778404,0.0000017098604],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001836837,0.000030335183,0.31967163,0.0000025251836,0.000006672204,7.7094035e-7,0.0014006558,0.000051436826,0.000030284165,0.67437744,0.0002050343,0.0042048153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076330354,0.000059952672,0.55998343,0.00007614384,0.000011311586,0.000010510125,0.0039326036,0.00011061892,0.00014895549,0.36900705,0.06581235,0.00008374056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008967898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054085033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3053704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001513355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008237551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1530182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989944154","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00325.x","title":"<scp>Poverty‐Reducing and Welfare‐Improving Marginal Public Price and Price Cap Reforms</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Stochastic dominance; Welfare; Dominance (genetics); Poverty; Social Welfare; Microeconomics; Function (biology); Public economics; Social welfare function; Econometrics; Market economy; Economic growth","score_opus":0.02313524303620423,"score_gpt":0.270814282706753,"score_spread":0.24767903967054877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989944154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8487428,0.0011588745,0.0013253466,0.0030113417,0.0010020258,0.00013769837,0.0000074606887,0.00003143564,0.14458306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99552965,0.00038997488,0.0004136587,0.0006751894,0.0012686463,0.0000013649903,0.0000011546754,0.000022626524,0.0016977442],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99733174,0.00041879975,0.0008880565,0.00028624682,0.00028336883,0.0007917877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99706507,0.00082197034,0.0010634788,0.00021095602,0.0002215787,0.0006169404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0198955,0.00020365925,0.00040939488,0.00038990972,0.0008017415,0.00049343414,0.00046816064,0.00020091624,0.00032705814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022438904,0.00017260616,0.000117670796,0.0001536401,0.0003813651,0.002652429,0.000156863,0.00048252905,0.00001289059],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031879852,0.00010300502,0.02282229,0.00007419133,0.00013307927,0.000019187539,0.010979882,0.000002069881,0.00017861358,0.9253514,0.0019905656,0.038313843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019370246,0.00034066758,0.10930638,0.000062721076,0.00006679508,0.00030475206,0.07175058,0.00011089091,0.0001224025,0.050829075,0.76478463,0.00038405723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045904634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002885072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8745223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00089016446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072602666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7038675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993711943","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00266.x","title":"<scp>The Optimality of Arbitrary Partial Equilibrium Welfare Analysis</scp>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Economic theories and models","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Partial equilibrium; Economics; Scope (computer science); Welfare; Economic surplus; Pareto principle; Competitive equilibrium; General equilibrium theory; Microeconomics; Mathematical economics; Foundation (evidence); Computer science; Market economy","score_opus":0.023069646403679048,"score_gpt":0.21494415276785794,"score_spread":0.1918745063641789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993711943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9296706,0.0029191417,0.008623344,0.002135918,0.0010290801,0.0001375877,0.00032086394,0.00001890064,0.055144593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970203,0.00007640163,0.00047554675,0.00014156858,0.00076718983,0.00000565865,0.000016475802,0.000034837798,0.0014620144],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964392,0.00016048172,0.0024876732,0.0003586131,0.00004875873,0.0005052628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99544686,0.00052493956,0.0031019542,0.0006725787,0.00008425584,0.00016941497],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065150545,0.0002599888,0.0011538474,0.0006225645,0.00012584224,0.00017931583,0.00096851337,0.00016984908,0.00087390887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023517152,0.00023514043,0.0010269332,0.00026097402,0.00033833456,0.0009105934,0.00015422309,0.00036174292,0.00008645818],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023195289,0.0001046802,0.021928456,0.000014494628,0.0008232248,0.0000034503778,0.00016396161,0.0066010305,0.00001503462,0.96865356,0.0014985334,0.00017039872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001179837,0.00015016473,0.024830021,0.000008559948,0.0002536319,0.000050179948,0.0007775537,0.003947862,0.00037974876,0.8521314,0.116077244,0.00021378965],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015765065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034553177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.116522126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023202831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013509554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9588748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995972183","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2004.00182.x","title":"Severance Payments and Unemployment Insurance: A Commitment Issue","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Economic Policies and Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Severance; Payment; Unemployment; Incentive; Labour economics; Order (exchange); Constraint (computer-aided design); Economics; Business; Actuarial science; Finance; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.030832585409609686,"score_gpt":0.23992751077291538,"score_spread":0.2090949253633057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995972183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729906,0.0051338314,0.000694646,0.0054885047,0.0012628158,0.00015290827,0.00013038494,0.000014267107,0.014132064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99506325,0.0017637517,0.0003732002,0.0016163829,0.00044534728,0.0000058134247,0.00000214927,0.000029995754,0.00070008694],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980526,0.000039160415,0.0012140906,0.00024503836,0.000029898876,0.0004191944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99809206,0.000079254016,0.0011938948,0.00029349516,0.000027626133,0.00031367026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020734838,0.00021083969,0.00063455716,0.00031482335,0.00010445727,0.0001810468,0.00036275072,0.00009180437,0.00057854294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009358084,0.00021695568,0.00016905011,0.00006110584,0.0001335048,0.0008747588,0.00009332143,0.00022429258,0.0003832295],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006782624,0.00022834806,0.07152684,0.000031575495,0.00040256226,0.000009783284,0.0014516817,0.0012592331,0.000018429086,0.91436195,0.0031236322,0.0075181397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005524792,0.0005070138,0.075640246,0.00006898092,0.000015034139,0.00024229012,0.00057910214,0.00011031701,0.00018844007,0.5809366,0.33565763,0.0005295388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011093591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017690149,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3334253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007457943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011726337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8847196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012111970","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2010.01484.x","title":"Ex Post<scp>Welfare under Alternative Health Care Systems</scp>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Health care; Welfare; Ex-ante; Economics; Public economics; Inequality; Public health; Social Welfare; Welfare state; Business; Actuarial science; Medicine; Economic growth; Political science; Nursing","score_opus":0.03619634895532444,"score_gpt":0.39477175377232404,"score_spread":0.3585754048169996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012111970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93294835,0.00462391,0.00026363987,0.017027725,0.019789625,0.0008581649,0.0002664217,0.00008618828,0.024135962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909098,0.00015499684,0.0002649294,0.003740374,0.0031616327,0.000017404653,0.000021686894,0.00007076422,0.0016583933],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9941222,0.0021482576,0.001985412,0.00033336075,0.0003010372,0.0011097528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9926256,0.0017380017,0.0028738272,0.00057087233,0.0011761056,0.0010156175],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065599424,0.00031187042,0.00088788895,0.0004806777,0.0007860482,0.00008004239,0.00086721755,0.0003832765,0.00073492934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011874372,0.00026621955,0.00023682434,0.00011116616,0.00014328776,0.0007252958,0.00019673849,0.0023293688,0.0010288126],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054510794,0.000079862206,0.006284301,0.00061504956,0.00023932148,0.000028085435,0.01659217,0.000097927754,0.000044778608,0.90798694,0.06541332,0.0025637485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022303783,0.00057801174,0.024183646,0.00037336216,0.0000368367,0.00021969539,0.23082323,0.000040436928,0.0000124340995,0.010390786,0.7309246,0.00018657059],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060893537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017591441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8975961,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021929583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003820247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015582318","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2004.00177.x","title":"Optimal Income Maintenance and the “Unemployable”","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Employability; Subsidy; Workfare; Earnings; Government (linguistics); Economics; Investment (military); Welfare; Labour economics; Income Support; Training (meteorology); Scheme (mathematics); Simple (philosophy); Microeconomics; Finance; Economic growth; Macroeconomics; Mathematics; Market economy","score_opus":0.01990290227767995,"score_gpt":0.20667918206029787,"score_spread":0.1867762797826179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015582318","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9196028,0.0031484622,0.0059036487,0.016237488,0.0011314369,0.00016022907,0.000050949413,0.000018816456,0.053746134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99700105,0.00025459356,0.000676939,0.0009903929,0.0005820153,0.000005631802,7.431044e-7,0.00002686096,0.0004617759],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980852,0.000066030596,0.001209208,0.00022936655,0.000021890512,0.00038831588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980744,0.00028599164,0.0011304365,0.00029780137,0.000026583075,0.00018478144],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005446564,0.0001789965,0.0006467716,0.00028020164,0.00015332083,0.00020026551,0.00055653247,0.000101553414,0.00023257759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039251577,0.0001405539,0.00025652992,0.00006923425,0.00053655246,0.00079670467,0.00012360873,0.00035932942,0.00031220037],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011054624,0.00002424938,0.003933773,0.000008821843,0.00012912118,0.000003859645,0.00044393825,0.00049884315,9.242646e-7,0.99398226,0.00041819568,0.00044550098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044135847,0.00008191293,0.0077565243,0.000017104772,0.000010264953,0.00023863318,0.0002621587,0.00018614632,0.000013398212,0.9710364,0.015797546,0.00018637818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055090193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001183792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07739821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003335541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010228954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57316214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017034712","doi":"10.1111/1467-9779.00095","title":"Team Incentives and Organizational Form","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Business; Profit (economics); Microeconomics; Variety (cybernetics); Economics; Marketing; Industrial organization","score_opus":0.03160582250261197,"score_gpt":0.2831220904057499,"score_spread":0.25151626790313797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017034712","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90350074,0.0012277947,0.000032107673,0.0023393347,0.00048488122,0.000059559476,0.0000047606654,0.0000111004965,0.09233975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972993,0.0008270974,0.00025128192,0.0001259555,0.00032225114,0.0000010638261,3.4828324e-7,0.000008364194,0.0011643264],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992881,0.00010605713,0.0002968745,0.00008433933,0.000059838883,0.0001647841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993432,0.000131546,0.0002863892,0.00005336405,0.00006056683,0.00012489289],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011841211,0.00006767408,0.00015931916,0.00010484934,0.00029699708,0.00011978247,0.00018557673,0.000043453274,0.0019269275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014327114,0.00006493294,0.00004909237,0.00003987942,0.00037681032,0.0008290936,0.0000636275,0.00008919197,0.000055814828],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008113799,0.000091048816,0.10086696,0.0000020229636,0.00007575051,0.0000017647067,0.018855862,0.0000010327494,0.00014926879,0.8670159,0.0045644026,0.008367852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034502605,0.00046583978,0.04155983,0.000051200277,0.000103629536,0.00014638969,0.14901315,0.000115271556,0.0013051556,0.54828393,0.25452483,0.0009805204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020301182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000085573774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.318732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034797093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008067243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99898547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032180065","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2010.01489.x","title":"<scp>Corrigendum: Public Goods Games, Altruism, and Evolution</scp>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Altruism (biology); Economics; Public good; Microeconomics; Public goods game; Neoclassical economics; Psychology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.03737480841384265,"score_gpt":0.29761465154536976,"score_spread":0.2602398431315271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032180065","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1013731,0.03955459,0.00008089828,0.0063171596,0.14296313,0.0006607909,0.00024896095,0.00013569798,0.70866567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3258944,0.018733239,0.0008532484,0.00081877084,0.024281846,0.00006697395,0.00008414932,0.00030254238,0.62896484],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957826,0.0007954525,0.001455196,0.00057050015,0.00033282378,0.0010634009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99507934,0.00059908774,0.0026406073,0.0004993141,0.00028447172,0.000897164],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0071948306,0.00055086525,0.0012280345,0.0008774637,0.00092949794,0.0010111778,0.0015263602,0.0011908887,0.00088364887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014966779,0.0005592711,0.00052211893,0.00015349827,0.0017317242,0.0018666583,0.0004541028,0.0025732194,0.0001912039],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003959665,0.000092898175,0.0039522788,0.000016339314,0.00026945426,0.000010907343,0.003158108,2.2444543e-7,0.00002208624,0.32776856,0.66225797,0.0024472382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004490762,0.000101861755,0.0016296085,0.00004259636,0.000099316865,0.00007466905,0.016054993,0.0000036859929,0.000008272218,0.048917063,0.9323805,0.00023837543],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004221634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041495077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2788515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025423085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00445668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997279},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032802857","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2008.00379.x","title":"<scp>Bargaining by Limiting Cooperation: Withholding Consent for the Level of a Public Good</scp>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Public good; Economics; Limiting; Outcome (game theory); Marginal cost; Attrition; Microeconomics; Substitution (logic); Private good; Private information retrieval; Marginal utility; Limit (mathematics); Public economics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.24807922653423137,"score_gpt":0.3525136563373608,"score_spread":0.10443442980312945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032802857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651239,0.0031460572,0.0027138626,0.0030977614,0.0008752968,0.00034906724,0.00006577924,0.000020549625,0.024607718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958725,0.00071968616,0.0007314422,0.00024808693,0.00050104165,0.000022234935,0.0000025886193,0.000023176905,0.0018792597],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980417,0.00034103842,0.0008750744,0.00017518851,0.00013575287,0.0004312561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99508584,0.0031691508,0.0011466668,0.00015791252,0.00026242467,0.00017803427],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0061903126,0.00015589528,0.00040593432,0.0001380858,0.0011495604,0.00019473369,0.0005595517,0.0000888469,0.000084962645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018258028,0.00012983844,0.00022283074,0.00009366576,0.00082263094,0.00095696474,0.00009973537,0.00020884215,0.000008505169],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022299266,0.00019678261,0.038187265,0.000011906141,0.00052757753,0.000004576822,0.032481983,0.00011606105,0.0029050116,0.88886726,0.03034086,0.0063384175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007010503,0.0011698888,0.0053403843,0.00018863585,0.00029631154,0.0003890094,0.5468004,0.00071637135,0.0136446105,0.025063246,0.3986333,0.00074734975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001377767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003288401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.863804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005510244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011167799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8841605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036338878","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2011.01545.x","title":"R<scp>esource</scp>U<scp>se under</scp>C<scp>limate</scp>S<scp>tabilization</scp>: C<scp>an</scp>N<scp>uclear</scp>P<scp>ower</scp>P<scp>rovide</scp>C<scp>lean</scp>E<scp>nergy</scp>?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear power; Renewable energy; Externality; Electricity generation; Economics; Chemistry; Microeconomics; Power (physics); Physics; Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.07039080502156815,"score_gpt":0.2629208988840962,"score_spread":0.19253009386252806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036338878","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7808759,0.032457333,0.0031222324,0.00084626384,0.016758818,0.0051042866,0.0074479976,0.0022597767,0.15112738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7558566,0.047566697,0.0042243036,0.01422669,0.028714702,0.0019845574,0.0053175194,0.007350769,0.13475817],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.94187677,0.0039542625,0.020678604,0.01070552,0.0030211376,0.0197637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8827268,0.06756892,0.024749884,0.010609659,0.0028738792,0.011470869],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","bibliometrics","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.030093737,0.0111036105,0.015418006,0.013265601,0.006209303,0.010859827,0.016009223,0.0089322375,0.0008928753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.082189426,0.013016521,0.008726406,0.006784461,0.004980119,0.020807844,0.006531128,0.012323692,0.019885806],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006629415,0.008361958,0.062381495,0.0027654192,0.009597123,0.00066440663,0.0567991,0.018232984,0.001489913,0.21220097,0.6257556,0.0016847558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013260506,0.0023197483,0.012158846,0.0010016513,0.0019487175,0.002791542,0.1148926,0.0089917965,0.0036703618,0.059812605,0.7781131,0.001038492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014184181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015760908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15238836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00996351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041317074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99919915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067928689","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00254.x","title":"Does the Progressivity of Income Taxes Matter for Human Capital and Growth?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Externality; Human capital; Growth model; Inequality; Labour economics; Endogenous growth theory; Capital (architecture); Monetary economics; Microeconomics; Economic growth","score_opus":0.015226013229800975,"score_gpt":0.21869929802623123,"score_spread":0.20347328479643026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067928689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873219,0.00060721894,0.0004223493,0.003426685,0.00048960076,0.00017209635,0.00026804375,0.00000535266,0.007286716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99838746,0.000014414869,0.00015581539,0.00016472195,0.00073691824,0.000012463577,0.0000031993166,0.000023218416,0.0005018098],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.998308,0.000047417696,0.0011581779,0.00019261654,0.000017835831,0.0002759634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99785084,0.00028493197,0.0015398328,0.00020959861,0.00003948014,0.0000753159],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025194034,0.00015205065,0.0005255624,0.00026331568,0.00013700011,0.00012617496,0.0003861455,0.00009467478,0.00023244783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008824256,0.000099196135,0.00023638054,0.000036410907,0.00032768468,0.0006004069,0.00007788137,0.00016080265,0.000032868124],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018500428,0.000039949144,0.2985607,0.000037943766,0.00007129219,3.5176512e-7,0.0001273214,0.000002924149,0.000015730579,0.70004106,0.0009074939,0.00017671991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006057166,0.00007051392,0.19679412,0.0000100640555,0.000010394063,0.000019423094,0.000101678925,0.000025135118,0.0001799405,0.80017525,0.0018862089,0.00012154009],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013796418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006603614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10176657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010158505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031889558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4045101},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070568149","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2004.00161.x","title":"Production Efficiency and the Direct‐Indirect Tax Mix","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Commodity; Inefficiency; Microeconomics; Production (economics); Pareto efficiency; Pareto principle; Indirect tax; Mathematical economics; Tax reform; Public economics; Market economy","score_opus":0.022191440326845172,"score_gpt":0.20476312375458605,"score_spread":0.18257168342774088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070568149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8701041,0.004188066,0.00112703,0.018521544,0.0023463361,0.00022268094,0.00003983065,0.000022708651,0.10342773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743253,0.00028982843,0.00012031196,0.00045288424,0.0009341471,0.0000064308033,9.574151e-7,0.000022164539,0.00074073416],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824566,0.00009115805,0.0010467668,0.0002717932,0.000023960352,0.00032065553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982124,0.00021493383,0.0011283745,0.00028200165,0.000025557858,0.00013671763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006610273,0.00016550459,0.00060734357,0.00034952353,0.00018925744,0.00016557335,0.00038730062,0.00008923975,0.00014891126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007330439,0.00013185613,0.00023761229,0.0000941328,0.0004153785,0.0007132206,0.000066969515,0.0002770462,0.00022546352],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008827682,0.000054587035,0.0026638478,0.000011007198,0.00013556912,0.0000016299822,0.000914895,0.00028442952,0.000004271411,0.9935021,0.0009836771,0.0013557319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025324444,0.0000911191,0.006160929,0.000015741769,0.000018016844,0.00018651037,0.00029541476,0.00009648479,0.00014636037,0.9672527,0.022991972,0.00021233773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055887955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017573939,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12732847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031539996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009414704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5376937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074084831","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00300.x","title":"<scp>Collective Choice and Control Rights in Firms</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Unanimity; Capital (architecture); Economics; Control (management); Maximization; Labour economics; Human capital; Monetary economics; Capital call; Microeconomics; Financial capital; Business; Market economy; Individual capital","score_opus":0.012738216651515253,"score_gpt":0.2162976455203736,"score_spread":0.20355942886885833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074084831","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92777497,0.00045272897,0.00048476786,0.0005221017,0.00062769925,0.000116238596,0.0000022786257,0.000008425757,0.07001078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965291,0.000025490945,0.000032830423,0.0008968289,0.0017705928,0.0000018844174,6.348916e-7,0.00001107615,0.000731543],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893504,0.000022464183,0.0005480411,0.00015123676,0.00004104947,0.00030213714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985202,0.0007348844,0.00051928347,0.00008774035,0.00010642662,0.00003147857],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027504943,0.00014086858,0.00035735016,0.00046214787,0.00016148566,0.00025472997,0.00017882456,0.000057635705,0.00014120876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004317997,0.0001192677,0.00008562032,0.000103700164,0.00008333005,0.0014571042,0.00008223401,0.00021036241,0.000047628197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010062309,0.00018227284,0.36733422,0.00004372892,0.00052022847,0.000037715916,0.0008155908,0.00024154197,0.0000582206,0.6015314,0.018699234,0.010435226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004065878,0.00005254834,0.33950508,0.000027617072,0.000048356687,0.00002421298,0.0022391449,0.0007995168,0.0000142158,0.08881491,0.5642723,0.00013624752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011835923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002206065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54557306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002384457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005999484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48635957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075689815","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00265.x","title":"<scp>The Effect of Tax Convexity on Corporate Investment Decisions and Tax Burdens</scp>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Convexity; Economics; Investment (military); Corporate tax; Microeconomics; Monetary economics; Tax basis; Schedule; Indirect tax; Tax credit; Double taxation; Tax reform; Public economics; State income tax; Financial economics; Tax avoidance; Gross income","score_opus":0.0335497496850316,"score_gpt":0.21679990472914887,"score_spread":0.18325015504411726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075689815","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94780624,0.0012587016,0.00030271523,0.0013855791,0.00073168264,0.0001989361,0.0002191274,0.0000088285915,0.04808819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973263,0.000094876516,0.00008153826,0.00050726003,0.00053144404,0.000008060145,0.0000050634126,0.000030002984,0.0014154271],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975807,0.00019510312,0.0015173211,0.00029137585,0.000041124036,0.00037437072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99440557,0.0021556786,0.0028090694,0.00040087142,0.0000324475,0.00019638312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005446045,0.00025268507,0.00084281864,0.0004576382,0.00014599487,0.00013562838,0.00049449323,0.00015322701,0.00008888263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009741412,0.00020252622,0.00030341392,0.00009784225,0.0004051049,0.0004009417,0.000104524166,0.0003629378,0.00019554126],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045049463,0.00005352774,0.040733073,0.000017615965,0.00015927221,0.000004361107,0.00010609704,0.00024884893,0.00001840571,0.93649447,0.02151303,0.0006062323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017544952,0.00069514645,0.045690943,0.000030162038,0.000027382233,0.00007042919,0.000095601354,0.0004955358,0.00058516994,0.9123472,0.03808616,0.00012179673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009266125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029657669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.049520086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023470307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006795239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82587796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084222991","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00031","title":"Insurance Taxation and Insurance Fraud","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Moral hazard; Casualty insurance; Insurance policy; Auto insurance risk selection; Business; Actuarial science; Economics; Key person insurance; Incentive; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.020958609143095625,"score_gpt":0.20407933684684984,"score_spread":0.1831207277037542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084222991","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9185294,0.0047873715,0.00053070165,0.0007455907,0.0012372166,0.0001171956,0.0001314038,0.000018172443,0.07390297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99506027,0.0023614608,0.00014005166,0.00038405706,0.0009567202,0.000005237024,0.0000030025496,0.000032072454,0.0010571101],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977188,0.00008337024,0.0015465384,0.00029965065,0.000028489736,0.00032311273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997202,0.00014598251,0.0021273168,0.0002780808,0.000040652623,0.00020600298],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032155477,0.00016269747,0.00070747605,0.00029666585,0.00013271431,0.0002145953,0.0003641939,0.000149727,0.0023409107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018430587,0.0002095219,0.00018446615,0.000079491336,0.00021806467,0.0013238451,0.000028144543,0.00023180143,0.00072426244],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000067409004,0.000058992053,0.2992445,0.000020495701,0.00014045733,0.000004002446,0.00058901886,0.00014242501,0.0000072159896,0.66785336,0.0010444944,0.03082766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016150814,0.00014485174,0.3014367,0.0000346366,0.0000062318136,0.00013171126,0.00017727535,0.0002275606,0.000024900879,0.5786929,0.11711799,0.00039016124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000099513665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040059134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1160735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024871904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071814386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985711},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093864972","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2012.01552.x","title":"<scp>Finitely Repeated Voluntary Provision of a Public Good</scp>","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Satisficing; Economics; Public good; Incentive; Microeconomics; Earnings; Finance","score_opus":0.059522998834072464,"score_gpt":0.3193186127786694,"score_spread":0.25979561394459694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093864972","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91900307,0.0023419964,0.000044156775,0.00082662096,0.0015275925,0.00018974196,0.00001951337,0.0000310718,0.07601625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964123,0.00036270916,0.00045486543,0.00012392298,0.00077748887,0.0000075754715,0.0000039618003,0.000029892177,0.0018273151],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970665,0.0007383905,0.0011061075,0.00019020944,0.00020394269,0.0006948624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968047,0.00072408526,0.0015045136,0.0002651107,0.00020686291,0.0004947219],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009008228,0.00019968653,0.00054858,0.00042516078,0.0003106221,0.00014680802,0.0006866953,0.00016348502,0.00037276058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010392844,0.000188882,0.0003108049,0.00015691352,0.0005802587,0.0026339274,0.00020380475,0.00030867415,0.00010789378],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003026169,0.0007050003,0.4234382,0.000020520749,0.00039644813,0.000005878489,0.029674271,0.0000051343945,0.001548755,0.5183624,0.0073924554,0.018420642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004089168,0.001259832,0.12339724,0.00015738413,0.0003082129,0.00016160647,0.25244236,0.00003637267,0.006223969,0.051660307,0.5595244,0.00073911325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030634645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021721309,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55213195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00093897845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006591631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77023846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095706371","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00045","title":"Optimal Income Taxation With Quasi‐Linear Preferences Revisited","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Consumption (sociology); Incentive; Distribution (mathematics); Constraint (computer-aided design); Microeconomics; Order (exchange); Income tax; Econometrics; Range (aeronautics); Participation constraint; Public economics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.029292066968978993,"score_gpt":0.22366209140208032,"score_spread":0.19437002443310133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095706371","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9202283,0.0006760427,0.001525746,0.00083607755,0.00022206776,0.00010164377,0.00008114397,0.000021174184,0.076307796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99627614,0.00017361145,0.0011961568,0.00029044485,0.000721204,0.0000048172806,0.00000888917,0.000030851992,0.0012979133],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99793774,0.00008208736,0.0013060713,0.00028345766,0.00003176996,0.00035884848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974785,0.00013906231,0.0018329843,0.00029981925,0.00003825063,0.00021138787],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00259524,0.00020674903,0.000647341,0.0004319336,0.000104972416,0.00015168631,0.0004950547,0.00012933352,0.005586916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009614941,0.00018991274,0.00019154591,0.00011809738,0.00014043883,0.0012961994,0.000029368233,0.0003038521,0.0012089594],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003657442,0.00018505112,0.062022507,0.000041266198,0.0004042954,0.0000083941395,0.0007866404,0.0014723353,0.0000033340582,0.92048156,0.0012051851,0.013023687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00467783,0.0016551988,0.11000656,0.00012874017,0.000058331923,0.00040251084,0.00084644265,0.0059534255,0.00009588565,0.7635085,0.111481614,0.0011849443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030976753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009626473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15697305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002531316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009833125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102643626","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2008.00374.x","title":"<scp>Bureaucratic Advice and Political Governance</scp>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Misrepresentation; Bureaucracy; Advice (programming); Politics; Corporate governance; Function (biology); Economics; Distribution (mathematics); Baseline (sea); Microeconomics; Law and economics; Business; Public administration; Political science; Law; Finance; Computer science","score_opus":0.061506392515927336,"score_gpt":0.3265790070983049,"score_spread":0.2650726145823776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102643626","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91718525,0.00057239167,0.00819557,0.004131031,0.00051585207,0.00007245882,0.000018480876,0.00002185739,0.0692871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98856145,0.000092624585,0.0004982744,0.0006449262,0.0005118754,0.0000027598012,4.0281202e-7,0.000009926797,0.009677746],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979453,0.00037800442,0.0009004157,0.00021305037,0.00028281397,0.00028041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99468637,0.00360492,0.0008119488,0.00033257072,0.00018260628,0.00038159586],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052396073,0.0001157189,0.00032175935,0.00016143266,0.00024085645,0.00015073447,0.0006064719,0.000075740674,0.0006281059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037452052,0.00008648164,0.00014591646,0.00015325716,0.0004493581,0.0009740352,0.00008330842,0.00024230179,0.00037929838],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062892905,0.0000379157,0.0024381382,0.0000010181725,0.000026348971,0.0000062832955,0.00024356664,0.000018748471,0.000032056945,0.97128606,0.022473529,0.003430046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036852222,0.000060272116,0.0122966245,0.0000047918647,0.000012276631,0.0013413565,0.0022972133,0.000135662,0.000100938174,0.80294454,0.18039216,0.000045634715],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030765757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034558905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1683415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001081774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028901608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68773186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108116620","doi":"10.1111/1467-9779.00102","title":"Population Principles with Number‐Dependent Critical Levels","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Population; Variable (mathematics); Class (philosophy); Order (exchange); Affect (linguistics); Economics; Population size; Econometrics; Positive economics; Public economics; Characterization (materials science); Microeconomics; Computer science; Sociology; Mathematics; Political science; Law; Demography; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0895259828059522,"score_gpt":0.25491503223889894,"score_spread":0.16538904943294674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108116620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80039126,0.001067895,0.013652802,0.002359983,0.0016550267,0.00012701648,0.00017380761,0.000036715825,0.18053548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99575096,0.00009527937,0.001042763,0.00022641431,0.00051112054,0.0000049701953,0.0000031782108,0.00002784801,0.0023374665],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979603,0.00009393464,0.001293612,0.00027317283,0.000032993637,0.000345979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99811685,0.00029420527,0.00097635505,0.00033415848,0.000052976407,0.00022543095],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028080132,0.0001860524,0.00054717186,0.00030221898,0.00018860154,0.0001945825,0.00041627648,0.0001206604,0.013516248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004656101,0.00018345691,0.00019216939,0.000070417125,0.00020240292,0.0016833374,0.000051074836,0.00031204236,0.0017546993],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023074224,0.0001115355,0.027796255,0.000010355435,0.00011284203,0.000009054068,0.00020554085,0.00040589407,0.0000024352328,0.96987855,0.00026771394,0.001176766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019107652,0.00027208915,0.03370363,0.000054848166,0.000038803024,0.0010373278,0.00053307373,0.0015442979,0.000054191125,0.8844297,0.0757788,0.00064250466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015065933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002317251,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19535968,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045537698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004613181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99902254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115612433","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2012.01563.x","title":"<scp>Amakudari: The Post‐Retirement Employment of Elite Bureaucrats in Japan</scp>","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Collusion; Elite; Government (linguistics); Economics; Business; Process (computing); Labour economics; Market economy; Law and economics; Industrial organization; Political science; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.0363564012537214,"score_gpt":0.23603036173047265,"score_spread":0.19967396047675123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115612433","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9273941,0.008361205,0.00028839073,0.0010177067,0.0031182042,0.00028795813,0.000088022,0.000010083272,0.059434325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996775,0.00078840874,0.000074896845,0.0005014003,0.0011777977,0.000013334112,0.000005114104,0.000043189255,0.00062088255],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99618626,0.00018358012,0.0026416802,0.00025856524,0.000062191284,0.0006677507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958629,0.00050108513,0.0027875672,0.00050157995,0.00007839063,0.00026848828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009911547,0.00022744345,0.000980618,0.00056807924,0.00009800915,0.00013311883,0.00077266886,0.00017455664,0.0004367852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045862104,0.00022819695,0.0004175951,0.00012920653,0.000254703,0.0010057372,0.00013422506,0.0003448346,0.00031993244],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016987746,0.00019378141,0.27151033,0.000021290698,0.00023014947,0.00000112597,0.0025072254,0.000052566207,0.000028508823,0.72172326,0.0019584442,0.0017563286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030231513,0.00045683223,0.3551243,0.00013299349,0.00005508469,0.00009514679,0.00666612,0.00020547504,0.00031597386,0.339165,0.29434076,0.00041916769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003477876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014157125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38255823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007210698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014828892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9305602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120535645","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12136","title":"Institution Building and Political Accountability","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Accountability; Incentive; Elite; Politics; Consolidation (business); Democracy; Subsidy; Institution; Economics; Democratic consolidation; Modernization theory; Intervention (counseling); Political economy; Economic policy; Economic system; Political science; Market economy; Economic growth; Democratization; Finance","score_opus":0.0318045874345412,"score_gpt":0.3118275380256662,"score_spread":0.28002295059112503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120535645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87448764,0.000029884271,0.0022600458,0.002571948,0.00062262814,0.000034813616,4.6855592e-7,0.000010044936,0.119982556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998584,0.000030461877,0.00029982338,0.0003529596,0.00051799585,6.829908e-7,1.4778422e-7,0.0000030229153,0.00021091188],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908966,0.00023669076,0.00032489764,0.00008615512,0.000053250198,0.0002093544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992318,0.0002473601,0.00017846264,0.00006589265,0.000043975946,0.0002324645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007248749,0.000050745228,0.00014018085,0.00010683469,0.00018043541,0.00013890155,0.00014377982,0.000052276086,0.00062565325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00058117823,0.000048392212,0.00004884257,0.000021952164,0.00024700482,0.0005984629,0.000035066496,0.00010129745,0.000032158445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000071172067,0.000010658738,0.010077328,0.0000018098889,0.0000095113255,1.4427991e-7,0.00081162044,0.0000027359108,0.0000062252348,0.9271076,0.000058082274,0.061907195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006482324,0.00004168752,0.043316312,0.000015837177,0.0000130886365,0.00003610643,0.009168451,0.000106138155,0.000016932287,0.2483944,0.69806904,0.00017377046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006963503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017393532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.698011,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060194073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042101604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6850465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123894241","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12106","title":"A Theory of Congregational Giving","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Religion, Society, and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Attendance; Doctrine; Consumption (sociology); Economics; Church attendance; Citizen journalism; Demographic economics; Service (business); Quality (philosophy); Sociology; Social psychology; Psychology; Law; Political science; Economic growth; Social science; Economy; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.02481554687614811,"score_gpt":0.26857875609267357,"score_spread":0.24376320921652544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123894241","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9559822,0.0014493581,0.0010570264,0.0020121317,0.00094230066,0.00010203046,0.0000021995415,0.000010183003,0.038442537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99649894,0.0009894024,0.00072498777,0.00024963066,0.00048273784,0.0000031784457,4.776483e-7,0.000007451262,0.001043217],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985137,0.0004766389,0.00054099824,0.00008243673,0.00017964793,0.00020659638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980005,0.00083495537,0.000642645,0.000092389186,0.00026847227,0.00016100853],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006657444,0.00007394071,0.00021287383,0.000118892865,0.00016605319,0.00011183083,0.00034995217,0.00007963842,0.0037351148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056300085,0.000063438834,0.00018024443,0.00006381341,0.00035185603,0.00073677715,0.000034557575,0.00012469362,0.000086695014],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008951804,0.000035362027,0.0032515887,0.0000067242963,0.00012486847,5.9020306e-7,0.040101416,0.000010749587,0.000050240273,0.9246819,0.027485237,0.004242383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035202154,0.00002967696,0.022602098,0.000022068343,0.000009956631,0.000009163153,0.098186135,0.0000072581,0.000057873323,0.8564371,0.022182401,0.00010428113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027080925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032159365,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06824482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002777641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010369276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99717563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125543812","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00313.x","title":"<scp>A Case for Bundling Public Goods Contributions</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Public good; Welfare; Economics; Inequality; Microeconomics; Scheme (mathematics); Public economics; Market economy","score_opus":0.05383312982756677,"score_gpt":0.36283215473727287,"score_spread":0.3089990249097061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2125543812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9486681,0.0018401073,0.006219624,0.00244037,0.0024028681,0.0003538049,0.00007564167,0.000044471002,0.03795499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99607635,0.00013792749,0.0010870681,0.0002252878,0.0013861109,0.000011801402,0.0000034112504,0.000024426356,0.001047596],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977308,0.00024607862,0.00095754577,0.00020272456,0.00010781329,0.0007550219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959018,0.0022289664,0.00092934986,0.00017073556,0.0002983467,0.00047080193],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014997453,0.00016982386,0.00042212126,0.00035397665,0.00094310933,0.0003710988,0.00046371177,0.00016443215,0.00012331814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022574263,0.00017401505,0.000337812,0.00010776066,0.00048593266,0.0013020186,0.000091637834,0.00025734326,0.000035890265],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015607193,0.00013615777,0.0064239018,0.0000047586304,0.00017775092,0.000072736126,0.0042768773,0.000005496961,0.00021817046,0.9782182,0.0039385604,0.0065117665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029739223,0.00040463835,0.0006802397,0.00002404059,0.00012639289,0.0010922307,0.17032807,0.000032394666,0.0019192634,0.14128718,0.6808393,0.00029232033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014891168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015924944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83693105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018007807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007194705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72537297},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126835040","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2008.00401.x","title":"<scp>A Class of Two‐Group Polarization Measures</scp>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Axiom; Polarization (electrochemistry); Phenomenon; Appeal; Mathematical economics; Economics; Class (philosophy); Independence (probability theory); Econometrics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Political science; Law; Chemistry; Philosophy; Statistics; Geometry","score_opus":0.0475170198063539,"score_gpt":0.28679373363743904,"score_spread":0.23927671383108515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126835040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8988006,0.00037740206,0.003141359,0.0005792259,0.0013324324,0.00007919041,0.0000113217775,0.000016184204,0.09566229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99631387,0.00026247598,0.0001794839,0.00028889067,0.0010290678,7.3031765e-7,0.0000018766796,0.0000119732385,0.0019116059],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975708,0.0010070895,0.00073820935,0.000114793824,0.0002756997,0.00029342214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978283,0.0005762002,0.0009775328,0.000167023,0.0002555539,0.00019537169],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008374471,0.00010152951,0.0003282199,0.0002194793,0.00030101853,0.000057573994,0.00047472073,0.00012185602,0.00022209002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015265996,0.00009254237,0.00021292293,0.00012197249,0.00038153408,0.001032864,0.0000357456,0.0002323185,0.000030257443],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001347925,0.0001202838,0.058018297,0.000007702053,0.00009555415,0.000003872854,0.007225426,0.000030733947,0.0005323183,0.9265202,0.0048577148,0.0025743898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003254506,0.00042067215,0.079210594,0.00005534408,0.00009169968,0.00010694973,0.018602416,0.0001359765,0.0009871275,0.31074354,0.58611953,0.0002716521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030560835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036261688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6157767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003962827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00083713676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37737682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128023458","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12075","title":"Transfer Pricing Rules, OECD Guidelines, and Market Distortions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transfer pricing; Economics; Profit (economics); Monopolistic competition; Microeconomics; Revenue; Tax revenue; Monetary economics; Industrial organization; Monopoly; Public economics; Finance; Multinational corporation","score_opus":0.03141402389096382,"score_gpt":0.22267610101922078,"score_spread":0.19126207712825696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2128023458","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95731694,0.0005397109,0.0054265154,0.008827948,0.00061201665,0.0001174319,0.0000028882014,0.000028250495,0.027128307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941314,0.00007303061,0.00030687285,0.0023339852,0.0012757266,0.0000038837284,0.0000031925836,0.000016069056,0.0018558821],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991064,0.000023595994,0.0005554978,0.00010241928,0.000065474,0.00014660435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991936,0.00006008979,0.00042131255,0.00010589952,0.00018822604,0.00003086429],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014019315,0.00010142099,0.0001810729,0.00024251585,0.00010074347,0.00038163006,0.00016729787,0.000035550634,0.0052568135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012795646,0.000084321386,0.00007625174,0.00004338591,0.000050422455,0.0028757981,0.000037342375,0.000118976255,0.0003028091],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034413923,0.000068235895,0.018600667,0.000070722905,0.00009630799,0.0000051216452,0.000055197583,0.00006620539,0.0006803764,0.6837362,0.14175813,0.15482841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011864919,0.000016004802,0.06824039,0.000056697285,0.000063726584,0.000051325518,0.00084094726,0.0034815778,0.00002089777,0.12927978,0.79642516,0.00033698874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049488775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026134396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.654667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063947155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054941764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129213533","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00106","title":"Optimal Redistribution with Heterogeneous Preferences for Leisure","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Comparability; Economics; Redistribution (election); Microeconomics; Welfare; Redistribution of income and wealth; Preference; Public economics; Income tax; Government (linguistics); Optimal tax; Econometrics; Public good; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05218968011853275,"score_gpt":0.21967342506194082,"score_spread":0.16748374494340806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129213533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9419538,0.0022082387,0.019690612,0.0019652243,0.0008809778,0.00023700205,0.0004823359,0.000025911642,0.03255594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978912,0.00006143358,0.000781205,0.00011001797,0.00073582167,0.000012950326,0.000009463583,0.00002596266,0.0003719603],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.998349,0.00003566011,0.000964851,0.00025242398,0.000021372492,0.00037667467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982331,0.00016820904,0.0011507004,0.00021980402,0.000046676283,0.00018154076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016042505,0.00017773233,0.0005526827,0.00025715953,0.00011157488,0.00015044845,0.00039549376,0.0001266089,0.0008708384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012922128,0.00016659482,0.00024107995,0.000052414776,0.00012229575,0.00071725127,0.000030140205,0.00018608937,0.00018200153],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017543968,0.00014633486,0.012639437,0.000035294746,0.00040649297,0.0000047347894,0.00033690536,0.00095624616,0.000005889784,0.9744711,0.007238477,0.003583657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040651783,0.0017454929,0.0043586968,0.000039680344,0.000052003856,0.00053225254,0.00035666645,0.009109693,0.0003436616,0.8617816,0.11684967,0.00076541345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000039899146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000060576986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1126895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026883488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038149323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.953507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129215743","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2010.01482.x","title":"<scp>A Psychologically Based Model of Voter Turnout</scp>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Regret; Turnout; Voter turnout; Victory; Voting; Margin (machine learning); Economics; Microeconomics; Politics; Demographic economics; Political science; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.017424773029304428,"score_gpt":0.2650296867531564,"score_spread":0.247604913723852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129215743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95005393,0.0000128272395,0.028171932,0.00044761435,0.0006483177,0.000047762616,0.000047450725,0.0000051786906,0.02056498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971962,0.0000024056353,0.0018225869,0.00019201699,0.00042177667,0.0000016553676,0.0000027791123,0.000012383779,0.0003482077],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899864,0.00007178081,0.0005456101,0.000113717484,0.00007474184,0.00019548104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985697,0.00024187469,0.00069607754,0.00021056112,0.00013515764,0.0001465779],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013614623,0.00011316462,0.00028201754,0.000107191096,0.000049622162,0.00006767291,0.00041546006,0.00008218829,0.00044607528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055905508,0.00009339901,0.00027090585,0.000036036778,0.00013842518,0.00027136377,0.000034084856,0.0004225522,0.000017190952],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001197135,0.00018159156,0.019538607,0.00000449297,0.00010236465,5.554256e-7,0.00024031514,0.003413406,0.003237093,0.9670202,0.00086646754,0.0053829234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016670934,0.00021607212,0.010064409,0.00002276618,0.000037604335,0.0000051627744,0.0006762702,0.041936498,0.00055188255,0.9374277,0.007237815,0.0001567112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005289663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034994553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047142252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020940295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027105576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48842114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133251226","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2009.01430.x","title":"<scp>Investment in Tourism Market and Reputation</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Group for Research in Decision Analysis; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Tourism; Reputation; Product (mathematics); Order (exchange); Quality (philosophy); Incentive; Destinations; Business; Investment (military); Economics; Position (finance); Marketing; Microeconomics; Geography","score_opus":0.0231274089675715,"score_gpt":0.30007075237684605,"score_spread":0.27694334340927457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133251226","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8126611,0.0013788041,0.000008822114,0.002131707,0.00031912274,0.00009082271,0.0000021503533,0.000008525031,0.1833989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99548876,0.0006951709,0.0004437947,0.0007315884,0.00024334707,0.000002672491,3.8978007e-7,0.0000068111503,0.0023874913],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987662,0.00028805246,0.00049224804,0.00013340621,0.00007188739,0.00024821248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898225,0.0003311587,0.00040008256,0.00008590221,0.00003401263,0.00016662171],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036181917,0.00009536908,0.00024482596,0.00021581526,0.00014300813,0.00014409871,0.0001997503,0.00006552358,0.00010922155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031610348,0.000095836156,0.00007045999,0.000049678267,0.00019797559,0.00077488675,0.00003602931,0.00014566908,0.000011697721],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021513273,0.00021009312,0.024615372,0.0000034776863,0.00006714875,0.000030511677,0.025278764,0.000020354668,0.00019913576,0.89896107,0.03075056,0.019842023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017680806,0.00039403737,0.11039169,0.000042413092,0.00003136864,0.000044198125,0.08327223,0.000036642203,0.00027137512,0.67441267,0.12914976,0.00018550873],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000670762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001844037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22454837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006092008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021474589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3908085},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136417702","doi":"10.1111/1467-9779.00130","title":"Equalization and the Decentralization of Revenue–Raising in a Federation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Decentralization; Raising (metalworking); Revenue; Equalization (audio); Economics; Order (exchange); Generality; Fiscal federalism; Public economics; Transfer payment; Microeconomics; Finance; Market economy; Computer science; Political science","score_opus":0.027370080573354907,"score_gpt":0.28960401828529253,"score_spread":0.26223393771193765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2136417702","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9076586,0.0011268159,0.07974856,0.0020000925,0.0005137235,0.00021296783,0.0000023859068,0.0000039340875,0.008732955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99842644,0.0012433501,0.000065466345,0.00009616112,0.00005684083,8.137704e-7,7.417928e-7,0.0000035234218,0.00010668508],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850696,0.00082773494,0.00039455574,0.000052167634,0.00011476521,0.0001038172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913883,0.00022727404,0.0004970599,0.000046181554,0.00005884393,0.000031795535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005115732,0.000039597235,0.00012575088,0.000066508954,0.00010736859,0.00007962828,0.00007058386,0.00004340156,0.00006684837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012317848,0.0000309065,0.00003306139,0.00010112988,0.00014293636,0.0005518164,0.0000056537465,0.00004737519,8.0646555e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003202164,0.000016134765,0.011951334,0.0000037937718,0.0000069615894,2.3505156e-7,0.0046242625,0.0002871064,0.000026622682,0.97946024,0.000114438604,0.0034768532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048528197,0.000067881316,0.012760561,0.00012538783,0.000040666768,0.0000126510995,0.012579501,0.0006978103,0.0007384508,0.92238307,0.045559604,0.00018162775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055527322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004161133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09076785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001690443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021396554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17730209},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139790127","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12132","title":"Public and Private Hospitals, Congestion, and Redistribution","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Subsidy; Incentive; Economics; Social planner; Public economics; Microeconomics; Private information retrieval; Productivity; Cash; Business; Finance; Market economy; Computer science; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.026877770703104986,"score_gpt":0.20360470868787878,"score_spread":0.1767269379847738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139790127","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.953377,0.0019587833,0.0057376632,0.009077256,0.0007631569,0.00009130793,0.00008119581,0.000020399058,0.02889324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985062,0.00022579904,0.00021143124,0.0003519789,0.0005678665,0.0000029666282,0.000007099402,0.00001994538,0.00010671469],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831754,0.00008304881,0.0009912755,0.0002662596,0.000019225852,0.00032262172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99820167,0.00021110686,0.0010405333,0.00021028117,0.000038941766,0.0002974965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0045404,0.00016514266,0.00051000394,0.00034287613,0.00012684136,0.00027625426,0.00023391233,0.00013909444,0.0001362749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008743399,0.00017688941,0.00009719554,0.000053849897,0.00024461708,0.0011375396,0.00009371334,0.00023022172,0.00008264609],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012953673,0.000019045312,0.04682495,0.000014411704,0.00006901078,5.862554e-7,0.00007815998,0.0000017385743,0.0000057175757,0.94672453,0.0010322613,0.0052166395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085568574,0.00014431743,0.10131602,0.000009693688,0.000008159383,0.000097887525,0.000058126858,0.00054782303,0.000015433126,0.847966,0.048786968,0.00019389446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000061651103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003435602,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09875853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017539712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003838098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7213341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148454202","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12037","title":"Comparative Statics of Optimal Nonlinear Income Taxation with a Publicly Provided Input and a Nonlinear Production Technology","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Comparative statics; Economics; Endogeneity; Nonlinear system; Production (economics); Income tax; Schedule; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Wage; Labour economics; Public economics","score_opus":0.025662204744948278,"score_gpt":0.23074214412590552,"score_spread":0.20507993938095725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148454202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991134,0.0003156218,0.0021040721,0.0035541349,0.00023106793,0.00032256998,0.000063313615,0.000017181688,0.0022580398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850482,0.0000382566,0.014346645,0.00007942712,0.00027233828,0.000017606144,0.000006476299,0.000023719487,0.00016733032],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99799937,0.00005408247,0.0013360196,0.00028653746,0.000031938078,0.00029207044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961925,0.000117381394,0.0031084416,0.00026951585,0.00017012397,0.00014204677],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00158521,0.00019342137,0.0007758055,0.000977198,0.0000723981,0.0001260535,0.00029636323,0.00014217249,0.00015134666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031290876,0.00017896565,0.0000842622,0.00020047092,0.0003216527,0.001658969,0.00008024292,0.00031795749,0.00007750572],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002838521,0.0005043994,0.17900462,0.00018605217,0.000929592,0.000003151291,0.003067734,0.0008918059,0.00023142215,0.8100246,0.0011816504,0.0036910987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007627852,0.00393452,0.10915329,0.00020047356,0.00010579089,0.00075413065,0.010706261,0.041904904,0.004170056,0.8065364,0.01338883,0.0015175088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058903493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032367214,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.069851324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002000654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001617293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72980076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151624134","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2010.01474.x","title":"<scp>Public Goods Games, Altruism, and Evolution</scp>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Assortativity; Altruism (biology); Selfishness; Public good; Economics; Microeconomics; Degree (music); Matching (statistics); Mathematical economics; Population; Public goods game; Biology; Social psychology; Evolutionary biology; Mathematics; Combinatorics; Psychology; Statistics; Sociology","score_opus":0.025677372995883286,"score_gpt":0.2975262935231623,"score_spread":0.271848920527279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151624134","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9248741,0.0014247758,0.00005257376,0.0031849765,0.0023334213,0.0001122557,0.000011760343,0.00003083164,0.06797528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955849,0.0003627922,0.0005448495,0.00018431523,0.0010161545,0.000006418145,9.973432e-7,0.000021761998,0.002277807],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828684,0.00029145932,0.00060000253,0.00021425584,0.0001244603,0.00048295312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980199,0.0005575988,0.00065724045,0.00020286626,0.00011046302,0.00045195234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004755965,0.00016598898,0.000362215,0.00028986656,0.0005023161,0.0003743906,0.00054141134,0.00016568751,0.00039171244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008805084,0.0001632933,0.00015998317,0.00008254378,0.0009436431,0.0014449382,0.00015638574,0.00048125026,0.00008912527],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032539294,0.000071598384,0.058796912,0.0000025735062,0.000078109275,0.000002996396,0.0038962357,6.394946e-7,0.0007682559,0.92783195,0.0051904866,0.0033569774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001338676,0.0001757238,0.039434217,0.000014895385,0.00006066976,0.0001377529,0.05596154,0.000017149572,0.0003532658,0.22766653,0.67458487,0.0002547015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014225274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001517862,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70016545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005366079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007606166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66589075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160048429","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2008.00394.x","title":"<scp>The Repugnant Conclusion and Utilitarianism under Domain Restrictions</scp>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Utilitarianism; Economics; Domain (mathematical analysis); Bounded function; Subsistence agriculture; Population; Consumption (sociology); Mathematics; Biology; Ecology; Philosophy; Demography; Sociology; Epistemology","score_opus":0.13074083856109545,"score_gpt":0.346102418429089,"score_spread":0.21536157986799356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160048429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98519564,0.0005890005,0.0035760151,0.004134529,0.0014141653,0.00008944881,0.000012517179,0.000014586747,0.0049740765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99630666,0.00020930945,0.0006553524,0.0004832762,0.0003651973,0.0000017908342,5.5640976e-7,0.000016948974,0.0019609283],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967268,0.00067956303,0.0015529606,0.00035278875,0.00037902477,0.0003088556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99288976,0.004755485,0.0013061035,0.00056704774,0.00024161143,0.00023998415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013690116,0.00017962331,0.00047371545,0.00053273165,0.0008291814,0.00041613498,0.0010380876,0.00014424835,0.00025000644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002439405,0.00010922355,0.00027291666,0.0002226871,0.00051440723,0.0009647144,0.00032345988,0.00042152338,0.00018212115],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009874825,0.00028511463,0.013318613,0.0000027963783,0.00016329832,0.00019734965,0.0050562574,0.0003827285,0.00039790585,0.550719,0.14992864,0.27944952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005992032,0.0001194787,0.025476879,0.000008916215,0.00001794236,0.0021111865,0.0053842072,0.00012757487,0.000024613417,0.7606722,0.20539078,0.00006700174],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001285379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001465931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27938253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022442259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043025476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6377477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161194570","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2004.00165.x","title":"Scaling Up Learning Models in Public Good Games","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reinforcement learning; Computer science; Scaling; Artificial intelligence; Focus (optics); Discretization; Space (punctuation); Machine learning; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.07721942779228837,"score_gpt":0.32064699864404395,"score_spread":0.2434275708517556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2161194570","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9402393,0.0011441392,0.00035209267,0.003523824,0.00097289396,0.00010060733,0.0000019483882,0.000028206066,0.05363699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979835,0.000593448,0.00039006936,0.00011173739,0.00033539397,0.0000057069956,7.3845774e-7,0.00002137824,0.00055803946],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99806243,0.00037737668,0.0007424806,0.00019240886,0.00012756843,0.0004977296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874324,0.00023363365,0.0005921958,0.00011891631,0.00007804902,0.00023398851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052521457,0.00014650617,0.0003876836,0.00040962736,0.0003240499,0.00031491258,0.0005195237,0.000113310045,0.00025096178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003308649,0.00015169807,0.00018597956,0.000115435185,0.00033777763,0.002297606,0.00011509195,0.00043545302,0.000054117645],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017115492,0.00008470721,0.010116934,0.000002447416,0.00005059276,0.000007570822,0.016068326,0.0038107068,0.00007604143,0.95842427,0.000038193062,0.011303081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003308446,0.0001799668,0.0023226112,0.00009301713,0.000030197596,0.000045790188,0.17728595,0.00018960646,0.00042365462,0.79489535,0.020603567,0.0006218079],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040451318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00090623234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1635289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019675791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008352674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61860675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165760983","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00260.x","title":"<scp>Welfare Economics with Intransitive Revealed Preferences: A Theory of the Endowment Effect</scp>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Normative; Endowment; Welfare; Endowment effect; Microeconomics; Rationality; Econometrics","score_opus":0.041006775258459416,"score_gpt":0.2864494477156988,"score_spread":0.24544267245723939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165760983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98045576,0.00023787709,0.0016767251,0.0005877892,0.0010336351,0.00030969668,0.000084543535,0.000012674437,0.015601292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99820715,0.000031998385,0.0004057017,0.00012230684,0.000273457,0.00000877747,0.0000019948584,0.000029949859,0.000918655],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99512696,0.0014911357,0.0021284837,0.00045811312,0.00037398134,0.00042133752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98917633,0.006236116,0.0031456545,0.000875015,0.0003783946,0.00018847396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015777634,0.0003309194,0.0009939305,0.0005182195,0.00021738019,0.00043692123,0.002048673,0.00016917697,0.00039019148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015196508,0.00018089598,0.0005651915,0.00023886783,0.0005325367,0.00095788395,0.00019740265,0.0004565269,0.00006123042],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006027278,0.00044273568,0.039650705,0.000020778407,0.00042688925,0.000024883275,0.0016686609,0.006247706,0.00016556133,0.49491188,0.003909539,0.45192793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021166974,0.0007895683,0.027693793,0.00010692006,0.00015569659,0.00031127248,0.00415979,0.00010397534,0.0014879319,0.94488496,0.01801,0.00017942482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023311277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016458896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45174852,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000381199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005618513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7376724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169063161","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2008.01393.x","title":"<scp>Sharing the Cost of a Public Good without Subsidies</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Egalitarianism; Subsidy; Public good; Economics; Microeconomics; Axiom; Context (archaeology); Welfare; Social Welfare; Social welfare function; Minimax; Function (biology); Population; Social cost; Social preferences; Public economics; Market economy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.11971218588939304,"score_gpt":0.355992921987593,"score_spread":0.2362807360982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169063161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89720017,0.00048417263,0.039418872,0.0076802247,0.0007090016,0.00025329943,0.00002373373,0.000028430175,0.05420211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943255,0.00005470794,0.00018764971,0.0004648422,0.0004138433,0.000005882377,9.5032937e-7,0.0000115018465,0.004535114],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968011,0.00064346066,0.0015253207,0.00027740968,0.00041008208,0.00034262793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932615,0.0030086257,0.0022312212,0.0008088538,0.00043513245,0.00025466728],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.021702502,0.00016143879,0.00046526862,0.0004804257,0.00030784376,0.0005052625,0.0022275774,0.00009207286,0.0007836468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0044805882,0.000100637466,0.00034043542,0.00041814672,0.00034188043,0.0013438647,0.00013058596,0.00038647838,0.00030874077],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010378242,0.0000940488,0.0063919644,0.0000011404462,0.00006926036,0.0000010112736,0.0006761397,0.0001583999,0.0002615567,0.9476603,0.0054506133,0.039225187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048706448,0.000096078045,0.012938585,0.000010240107,0.000024640038,0.00019830391,0.0077384827,0.00023942854,0.0006967899,0.7788433,0.19866648,0.00006062016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015075773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001067605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19321586,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012202953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033375717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8580383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169408930","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2005.00195.x","title":"Bunching, Time Constraints, and Workfare","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Workfare; Economics; Schedule; Wage; Work (physics); Computation; Nonlinear system; Microeconomics; Computer science; Labour economics; Physics; Welfare; Market economy","score_opus":0.022442240348074845,"score_gpt":0.20818394666176468,"score_spread":0.18574170631368983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169408930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.701526,0.004380877,0.0014005332,0.008990115,0.00072600605,0.000115410396,0.00013133656,0.00003098945,0.28269872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953848,0.00011138659,0.00081364595,0.0009487201,0.0012112603,0.000001734201,0.0000025624495,0.000027719449,0.0014981343],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981553,0.00005216533,0.0011748532,0.00024328505,0.000018260815,0.00035613295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998274,0.00019521952,0.0010231829,0.00022013996,0.000020720548,0.0002666971],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003267017,0.00017818682,0.00057737523,0.00040476266,0.00009717474,0.0001765631,0.0003536852,0.00013010885,0.003485425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022700655,0.00019151873,0.0001946391,0.00004616555,0.00027190868,0.001001019,0.000076608834,0.00029814025,0.0015574293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021377942,0.000045161723,0.008875506,0.000008160423,0.0001504917,0.0000026004755,0.00036442105,0.0000316009,0.000007674408,0.95848775,0.006697252,0.025308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001487598,0.00011895648,0.009341514,0.000023208968,0.000014272238,0.00034024354,0.00024092534,0.0009746506,0.000031749023,0.73730606,0.24972227,0.0003985362],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004905961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046462105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29385883,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026363312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000706664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99921995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169718437","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2011.01519.x","title":"G<scp>lobal</scp>S<scp>ecurity</scp>P<scp>olicies against</scp>T<scp>errorism and the</scp>F<scp>ree</scp>R<scp>iding</scp>P<scp>roblem</scp>: A<scp>n</scp>E<scp>xperimental</scp>A<scp>pproach</scp>","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Terrorism; Free riding; Incentive; Deterrence theory; Dilemma; Punishment (psychology); Economics; Deterrence (psychology); Coordination game; Public economics; Business; Law and economics; Microeconomics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.043000712958731306,"score_gpt":0.27975524834045157,"score_spread":0.23675453538172025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169718437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69655854,0.0365161,0.0002628861,0.0006341392,0.012389547,0.006804647,0.00210324,0.0019843199,0.24274659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.848732,0.029668968,0.0034659598,0.006545554,0.012708957,0.0027175446,0.00088575965,0.0033859478,0.091889344],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.94112515,0.009478752,0.015307972,0.010186369,0.0065105227,0.017391225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9002418,0.061110914,0.018122293,0.0076273745,0.0033312829,0.009566331],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03033306,0.01090456,0.013781448,0.0071125906,0.0112933405,0.0098825805,0.018099207,0.0070896964,0.00023446174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.059287604,0.010961887,0.008286583,0.005714409,0.015146631,0.015634187,0.009741096,0.012402248,0.00408967],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007106147,0.007522498,0.038125835,0.0010935826,0.009786991,0.0012815234,0.25407803,0.00088035205,0.011758504,0.11494997,0.5587235,0.0017281324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013538398,0.0023801757,0.005861954,0.0010345887,0.002574534,0.0013971081,0.4086154,0.0005877783,0.026598062,0.0337312,0.50289446,0.00078632665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004058664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030724655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15453738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009835229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006337373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992958},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2215087233","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12181","title":"Voluntary Contributions to a Mutual Insurance Pool","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Dual (grammatical number); Risk aversion (psychology); Economics; Context (archaeology); Microeconomics; Turnover; Mechanism (biology); Aggregate (composite); Econometrics; Actuarial science; Expected utility hypothesis; Mathematical economics","score_opus":0.032312660929120315,"score_gpt":0.34999673513267254,"score_spread":0.3176840742035522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2215087233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9435957,0.0017278515,0.00082970527,0.019664358,0.006630201,0.00050212815,0.0011952505,0.00004804952,0.025806744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99468017,0.00048135692,0.00022070792,0.00041153273,0.002543209,0.000037595317,0.0000052075357,0.000031310654,0.0015889351],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972236,0.000631876,0.0010652,0.00034032005,0.0001715311,0.0005674374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971017,0.00046298286,0.0011893546,0.00035717714,0.00035500966,0.0005337231],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004736315,0.00027944622,0.0007618463,0.00039479826,0.00040289658,0.00026975264,0.0011971884,0.0003016825,0.0008713131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00076814217,0.00025507592,0.00045133007,0.000054546483,0.00053644256,0.00062384724,0.0007614225,0.00060036255,0.00043502467],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023335431,0.00025167537,0.0435881,0.000017787985,0.00081347034,0.000031856114,0.015535138,0.00006640459,0.00043759166,0.8903399,0.031771336,0.016913384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026344326,0.0004345967,0.020431349,0.0005230797,0.00019752377,0.000059375172,0.020318717,0.0000075483067,0.0009848588,0.66256154,0.29015154,0.0016954568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003380599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083398574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2583802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004016649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002218532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2253164309","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12033","title":"Unit Versus <i>Ad Valorem</i> Taxes: The Private Ownership of Monopoly in General Equilibrium","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Monopoly; Ad valorem tax; Microeconomics; Welfare; Profit (economics); Partial equilibrium; Unit (ring theory); General equilibrium theory; Public economics; Double taxation; Market economy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.06413100736755915,"score_gpt":0.2375900535291899,"score_spread":0.17345904616163077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2253164309","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590887,0.0011685143,0.00013427931,0.004156257,0.0014042872,0.00019281112,0.0000709619,0.000009089215,0.0337751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99791384,0.00010265237,0.00021789869,0.00045079904,0.0004983909,0.000011896193,0.0000034794068,0.000038035738,0.000763019],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970955,0.00014534341,0.0019193814,0.00026671114,0.000036636397,0.0005364008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99693763,0.00048539502,0.0018486548,0.0004918979,0.000042653952,0.00019375277],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036838567,0.00023519286,0.00075258035,0.0005725929,0.000054382304,0.00015164162,0.0010497051,0.00016233728,0.0010190652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037150332,0.000197138,0.00034825742,0.00016577354,0.0002897643,0.0012806903,0.00015028109,0.0004481819,0.0005588052],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017050952,0.00010285884,0.023987563,0.000027151556,0.00024813612,0.000002340291,0.0006764724,0.00040583368,0.00011355836,0.96844107,0.0033495482,0.0024749616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032363907,0.00027577413,0.039771292,0.000024551611,0.0000168645,0.000025107942,0.0007462312,0.002442068,0.0003508975,0.9272588,0.025458066,0.00039397087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002042211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004254693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04118228,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002919089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012031998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2276874999","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12393","title":"Trust, ability‐to‐pay, and charitable giving","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Distrust; Altruism (biology); Public good; Crowding out; Economics; Willingness to pay; Pleasure; Microeconomics; Foundation (evidence); Crowding; Donation; Public economics; Positive economics; Social psychology; Psychology; Political science; Law; Monetary economics","score_opus":0.02635092922957176,"score_gpt":0.3070224688771838,"score_spread":0.28067153964761204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2276874999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674641,0.00086232554,0.000010717057,0.003892735,0.001322422,0.00015329961,0.000004424284,0.000012253994,0.026277749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99501973,0.0002563849,0.00038631863,0.00027024574,0.00031652694,0.0000033449587,1.5171427e-7,0.0000116659285,0.0037356222],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988173,0.00020043491,0.00044421168,0.0001688259,0.000073467745,0.00029571663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989322,0.00030599692,0.00030403247,0.00014621152,0.000071674185,0.0002399168],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047379886,0.00010019946,0.0003322501,0.00016118967,0.00018142688,0.00016014744,0.00031408563,0.000060177026,0.0010976174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026625226,0.000085903615,0.000090882415,0.000048997015,0.00022796661,0.0009726657,0.00013452857,0.0001603351,0.00018796047],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046765075,0.00007154828,0.24463691,0.000022681035,0.00011564515,0.0000032041387,0.02513283,0.000023147693,0.0021443919,0.70987207,0.0015317636,0.01639904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002755653,0.00089592306,0.034454595,0.00015252689,0.00008087494,0.00009156984,0.276886,0.00005715145,0.0016392445,0.30955487,0.37225655,0.0011750358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013377234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001519544,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4003172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000708985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002730113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2319189724","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12175","title":"The Provision of Language‐Specific Public Services","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Economic Policies and Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Social planner; Planner; Consumption (sociology); Wage; Public good; Investment (military); Majority rule; Goods and services; Public economics; Voting; Economics; Fractionalization; Minority language; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Business; Microeconomics; Linguistics; Sociology; Political science; Ethnic group; Computer science","score_opus":0.026406488569139557,"score_gpt":0.22321476503444726,"score_spread":0.1968082764653077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2319189724","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9518056,0.009947816,0.00086064974,0.009048085,0.0014429209,0.000125399,0.00012290978,0.000014792031,0.026631853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951234,0.0025706098,0.00008729921,0.00020832813,0.000526939,0.0000028220102,0.000001125823,0.000029860452,0.0014496052],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976709,0.000085870815,0.0015452125,0.0002031587,0.000037101636,0.00045774074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99624157,0.0005603749,0.0023840165,0.00052138855,0.000070683105,0.00022195515],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047693173,0.00017055443,0.0005335668,0.00037388213,0.0001345239,0.00022533594,0.0009700787,0.00009992103,0.00093801133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024305974,0.00010703997,0.00030285865,0.00008368135,0.00021933025,0.0012660237,0.0001283527,0.00014841385,0.00040422624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040729054,0.00004921716,0.008000797,0.000014948438,0.00015335531,0.0000013089164,0.00062950543,0.0000030046208,0.00027767997,0.94380015,0.0027908147,0.044238478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018429082,0.0002947743,0.015208176,0.00006350424,0.000009006041,0.000076739314,0.0026772611,0.00006517989,0.00066711917,0.2750469,0.703718,0.00033041975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003371821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003885949,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7009272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033073302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012992122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2418425869","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12202","title":"Competing for Attention: Lobbying Time‐Constrained Politicians","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"CONTEST; Economics; Order (exchange); Outcome (game theory); Microeconomics; Public economics; Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Political science; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.03227521994399977,"score_gpt":0.24266870377272617,"score_spread":0.2103934838287264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2418425869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8809631,0.00007256047,0.008045732,0.010775851,0.0009064337,0.00014646309,0.000018927702,0.000058224094,0.09901274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946737,0.0000031356524,0.0001872185,0.001222943,0.003286899,0.0000033360823,0.0000020520977,0.000016656266,0.0006040295],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988734,0.00002322461,0.0005447312,0.00011835593,0.000066031396,0.00037426583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987251,0.00031633637,0.00060712337,0.000112394104,0.00020120978,0.00003779464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016441839,0.000121347985,0.00024650258,0.00023131247,0.00012163609,0.00033065365,0.0002811917,0.00005045674,0.0008203983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028279072,0.00008422894,0.00019631884,0.000049305654,0.00017330734,0.0022112273,0.00004485403,0.00007132083,0.00037469805],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026099922,0.000018712872,0.0015077606,0.000024096342,0.000057067617,0.0000039365636,0.000007910939,0.0000034424527,0.00161726,0.9866949,0.00058958173,0.009449277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014690468,0.000043269632,0.0022247946,0.0001619455,0.000077264245,0.00004994493,0.0019978674,0.00022438692,0.00009635047,0.95904046,0.03433574,0.0002789309],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006742632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003316956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.113710664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009456808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014407214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8982786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2587511312","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12287","title":"Optimal unemployment insurance and redistribution","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Unemployment; Redistribution (election); Labour economics; Incentive; Involuntary unemployment; Wage; Matching (statistics); Margin (machine learning); Lump sum; Welfare; Income tax; Microeconomics; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Payment","score_opus":0.03143111264404928,"score_gpt":0.23191308405467614,"score_spread":0.20048197141062685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2587511312","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94954085,0.0010403522,0.0036009862,0.0018455519,0.0011332249,0.000065871944,0.00014509959,0.000013861677,0.04261421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99771464,0.00007058674,0.00038642762,0.0003041555,0.0012899503,0.0000023047508,0.0000031666464,0.000017546072,0.00021121989],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984174,0.00004331319,0.0009911883,0.00022404466,0.00001818334,0.00030588915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985415,0.00009526774,0.0009267048,0.00020157477,0.000040913226,0.00019406475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027160242,0.00014116317,0.00042255,0.0002637023,0.00011269216,0.00011143157,0.0002769355,0.00010228962,0.0003493848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020514637,0.00015155226,0.0001273362,0.00005803677,0.00029560164,0.00074623903,0.0000744475,0.00018109332,0.00028175968],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056162047,0.000037753314,0.031036282,0.000007785012,0.00009590212,0.0000017539028,0.00023939085,0.000009042627,0.000012241336,0.96314704,0.0031158107,0.0022408222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014213108,0.00045544776,0.058761653,0.000018668661,0.000009017801,0.00017035192,0.00020540335,0.0008744306,0.00027401856,0.8585955,0.07889839,0.0003158141],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011412498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048521015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10455156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027347688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005606334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6180122},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2598688398","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12572","title":"A theory of (de)centralization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Externality; Decentralization; Property rights; Locality; Transaction cost; Database transaction; Government (linguistics); Hospitality; Private information retrieval; Economics; Business; Law and economics; Political science; Microeconomics; Law; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.09747291535642634,"score_gpt":0.34980935879410063,"score_spread":0.2523364434376743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2598688398","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76202285,0.00035092758,0.22115514,0.0024767413,0.000984234,0.00011152845,0.000052371084,0.000014068428,0.012832149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965643,0.000015731579,0.00023345486,0.00024100544,0.00015829889,0.0000056906715,0.000001343044,0.000008226686,0.0027719163],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966744,0.0017316021,0.0009945518,0.00013647297,0.000305946,0.0001569971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99627554,0.001647305,0.0014882542,0.0003213274,0.00015528551,0.00011230078],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.025051288,0.00006886645,0.00023482603,0.00040778526,0.00021244641,0.00006994122,0.0009258358,0.000028983672,0.014573102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012814262,0.000057293477,0.00020648289,0.00027116746,0.00014674482,0.00045639972,0.00012902883,0.00019524148,0.000050039034],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007812742,0.00007360747,0.0010949618,9.2135963e-7,0.00003501027,9.536907e-7,0.0007510118,0.0031176505,0.00028572397,0.964488,0.0039735776,0.026100427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002747445,0.00006850766,0.0011066105,0.000001552471,0.000012474279,0.00013611277,0.007883806,0.00020021606,0.00036224292,0.90871125,0.08118752,0.000054971366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.683134e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.0018846e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23454149,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019536125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039169623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9863277},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2620508378","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12473","title":"Private Protection and Public Policing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Complementarity (molecular biology); Business; Public economics; Computer security; Economics; Computer science","score_opus":0.04572237068711072,"score_gpt":0.22468182246362403,"score_spread":0.17895945177651332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2620508378","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92733544,0.005119093,0.012664313,0.003559199,0.01009121,0.00084880664,0.00023205891,0.000053595784,0.04009626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99472773,0.0014011826,0.00019481833,0.00027981275,0.0027282771,0.000022979708,0.000011539348,0.0000981256,0.00053551537],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.995603,0.00019704102,0.002837558,0.00068166957,0.00004928706,0.0006313985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929282,0.0001545031,0.005726921,0.00071848213,0.000098999786,0.00037289184],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0072860457,0.00038620332,0.0017433933,0.0012692855,0.00015359763,0.0009107766,0.000865209,0.000624366,0.00050134904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004401236,0.0005079113,0.00052542053,0.00007861441,0.0002546634,0.0011256111,0.00061013846,0.0010906976,0.00048484097],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037408816,0.00006663676,0.03741842,0.00020576597,0.0006237254,0.0000032057162,0.00049384544,0.00031583998,0.000009872769,0.95639056,0.0006157707,0.0038189578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012704445,0.00017672352,0.0074255485,0.0001492558,0.00003292427,0.00015519535,0.00035322073,0.0016898392,0.00002139301,0.9360096,0.05197102,0.0007448383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053764624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000097383534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06739229,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012712349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040336282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751655530","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12265","title":"Does transparency reduce political corruption?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Language change; Economics; Politics; Agency (philosophy); Imperfect; Margin (machine learning); Microeconomics; Perfect information; Monetary economics; Public economics; Computer security; Computer science; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.06213557105284002,"score_gpt":0.3506827654970578,"score_spread":0.2885471944442178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2751655530","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68162495,0.000045524866,0.0007350164,0.03370895,0.007579797,0.00009621877,0.000010170141,0.000022754213,0.27617663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891177,0.0001550229,0.00019377677,0.00024020587,0.0012872621,0.0000021108583,5.7305573e-7,0.00000844541,0.0089949025],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986421,0.00020600199,0.0005423342,0.00013143328,0.00009988393,0.00037827544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853206,0.0001571767,0.0005641995,0.00025756954,0.00008250586,0.00040649195],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0046653072,0.00008901628,0.00024117052,0.0001281654,0.00075140654,0.00048645833,0.0007747299,0.00008423641,0.0054361457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054883846,0.0000646508,0.00016413319,0.000012557336,0.0004201468,0.0010561025,0.000041157917,0.00017046038,0.00022964586],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023050177,0.000036800502,0.01571973,0.0000025522577,0.000042531326,0.0000041672233,0.0018871406,0.0000014341422,0.000010895857,0.91549253,0.00044488133,0.06633429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011781172,0.00006009659,0.106074974,0.000040656734,0.00003497913,0.000033979846,0.017855145,0.0000167525,0.00004280392,0.2129314,0.66139185,0.00033922907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001152977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005022904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70256114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00062759395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010570266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2785090721","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12388","title":"Tying the politicians’ hands: The optimal limits to representative democracy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Delegation; Tying; Democracy; Economics; Constitution; State (computer science); Law and economics; Microeconomics; Political science; Politics; Law; Computer science; Management","score_opus":0.0580730994082832,"score_gpt":0.36047090562487416,"score_spread":0.30239780621659096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2785090721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.915297,0.00008197048,0.00027380587,0.055410646,0.0007973181,0.00021976032,0.0000022748345,0.0000078659,0.027909406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99369276,0.000006454392,0.000025556115,0.0012008512,0.0012859965,0.0000044659614,2.1668134e-7,0.000007645056,0.0037760688],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978654,0.0010820938,0.00040950385,0.000097683354,0.00016206804,0.00038327117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976304,0.001558272,0.00030250757,0.0001759323,0.00012964437,0.00020322711],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0053470246,0.000073412266,0.00016993907,0.0000650641,0.0004020882,0.000254334,0.00046697666,0.000048195016,0.0005431557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088607636,0.00004106991,0.00011971989,0.00009858504,0.00016378629,0.00045780855,0.000033899843,0.0002048554,0.00031415725],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023170944,0.000013298283,0.01173002,0.0000020800205,0.00005455844,8.6189453e-7,0.008494268,0.00018909445,0.000051882667,0.9736568,0.004458541,0.001325428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015913459,0.00083157845,0.09026888,0.00014205964,0.00013918837,0.0000554181,0.08655071,0.00037014362,0.00079916697,0.5140414,0.3046337,0.00057637494],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007694106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004983933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45961535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025963126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037409796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5947174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787149425","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12364","title":"A pure hedonic theory of utility and status: Unhappy but efficient invidious comparisons","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Lam Research","keywords":"Inefficiency; Happiness; Economics; Equating; Expected utility hypothesis; Welfare; Set (abstract data type); Utility theory; Microeconomics; Inequality; Affect (linguistics); Econometrics; Mathematical economics; Psychology; Social psychology; Mathematics; Statistics; Computer science","score_opus":0.033392345734447874,"score_gpt":0.29537803216823155,"score_spread":0.26198568643378367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2787149425","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590628,0.001768453,0.0012595686,0.00030696014,0.0020810894,0.00016233094,0.00003173109,0.000020643454,0.035306405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99871325,0.00008524481,0.00006492967,0.00021080232,0.00015309337,0.0000026437592,0.0000022482309,0.000016774957,0.00075100304],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973053,0.0011106507,0.0008199088,0.00027501708,0.000108855784,0.00038030618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99744904,0.00095306925,0.00088889175,0.0004052998,0.000070121445,0.00023358612],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004735239,0.00017539109,0.00054637244,0.00024764918,0.000056104884,0.00004247233,0.00027666977,0.00018905089,0.0037511892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015946588,0.00014010591,0.00019211361,0.00007609168,0.0002743549,0.00013163938,0.000058560392,0.0005199713,0.0001893451],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016841419,0.0007229746,0.17521381,0.00005992936,0.00082739955,0.000017152812,0.0034757254,0.00029285462,0.0005981693,0.7610422,0.0050908243,0.050974827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006303827,0.0016202318,0.79202914,0.00011195777,0.0001517356,0.00071594055,0.02225052,0.000280138,0.00018190639,0.13948792,0.036304537,0.00056211825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023556719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006362219,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62155426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011710617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012385446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99715954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887781419","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12319","title":"Equalizing tax bases or tax revenues under tax competition? The role of formula apportionment","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Tax competition; Economics; Apportionment; Tax reform; Microeconomics; Indirect tax; Corporate tax; Multinational corporation; Value-added tax; Competition (biology); Tax revenue; Monetary economics; Public economics; Tax avoidance; Finance","score_opus":0.033848000175919206,"score_gpt":0.24836456696918252,"score_spread":0.2145165667932633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887781419","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9646471,0.00036078645,0.008935409,0.0060337367,0.0010059328,0.00022024394,0.000027817945,0.000025843714,0.018743102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954805,0.000032541313,0.00012609326,0.0013257114,0.001654967,0.0000037728978,0.000005054778,0.000014819721,0.001356577],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989179,0.000058912323,0.0006265766,0.00010518259,0.00012788447,0.00016359324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973001,0.00013675432,0.0021583007,0.0001868591,0.00019735152,0.000020629057],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022880137,0.000109847235,0.00021398955,0.00019137937,0.00017512485,0.00019190306,0.00026914195,0.000034747696,0.0027441117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018189833,0.00007373031,0.00011571924,0.00011515571,0.00014988786,0.0012147756,0.000090460635,0.00011086534,0.0001411014],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000120866825,0.0000990676,0.0037214367,0.00003691426,0.0000953048,0.000002594593,0.00013939272,0.000120200006,0.0011017978,0.9738627,0.008550002,0.012149739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008398285,0.00006951911,0.006569933,0.00013744606,0.000071394315,0.000033434302,0.0059497645,0.0010850177,0.0009133847,0.3286157,0.65548825,0.00022634321],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038018727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001510137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64693826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000079968624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109818124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900556225","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12357","title":"Price–quality competition in a mixed duopoly","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Duopoly; Economics; Competition (biology); Quality (philosophy); Microeconomics; Cournot competition; Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.031179288004344573,"score_gpt":0.24075792971303026,"score_spread":0.20957864170868568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900556225","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90243673,0.00081095874,0.0039448235,0.0012300956,0.0011192271,0.00007388036,0.000028529275,0.000009575116,0.090346195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99742544,0.00016058679,0.00018808569,0.00032825948,0.00015865032,0.000002477209,0.000006172793,0.000013589718,0.0017167147],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99790996,0.00016198635,0.0014486257,0.00020986705,0.000036717964,0.00023282802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998172,0.00017064104,0.0012148594,0.00027744865,0.000042935844,0.00012214629],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00538572,0.00011877112,0.00061674864,0.0007622067,0.000029861121,0.00009344266,0.00033344794,0.000078364435,0.014722268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013354974,0.00013071673,0.00031088892,0.0001696104,0.00003984983,0.00057255535,0.000040462073,0.00023110292,0.0020030136],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002748252,0.000088457586,0.08107599,0.000012976757,0.00008356783,0.0000019428282,0.0001174189,0.00013110714,0.000037239668,0.9176642,0.00017205777,0.0005876184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002658287,0.00013719697,0.26743504,0.000037272926,0.000011738442,0.000038459362,0.0012136545,0.0010214655,0.00007007271,0.6450032,0.081933625,0.00043996933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037052974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000047702637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2726609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032803923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007824913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99877405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901146687","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12382","title":"Optimal mixed taxation, credit constraints, and the timing of income tax reporting","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidy; Economics; Income tax; Commodity; Constraint (computer-aided design); Monetary economics; Microeconomics; Tax credit; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Labour economics; Finance; Market economy","score_opus":0.03395546635889719,"score_gpt":0.23094239446757361,"score_spread":0.1969869281086764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2901146687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9574165,0.0007385968,0.0014340351,0.0015503272,0.0010083467,0.00014469934,0.000053745414,0.0000065604854,0.03764724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99833953,0.00005425202,0.0006385221,0.000157517,0.0003843297,0.000002737476,0.000002043167,0.0000197668,0.00040126964],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99650264,0.00009253226,0.0028937277,0.00021648676,0.000028169423,0.0002664718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9884032,0.0005732369,0.010567756,0.00029199038,0.00005168825,0.00011211271],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010489645,0.00014969202,0.0008341124,0.00032825355,0.000078780715,0.0001070038,0.00036816747,0.000107456995,0.00093492604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020048288,0.0001276667,0.00026047535,0.000063586376,0.00048347167,0.0006709314,0.00010818337,0.0002834157,0.00010518098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008337942,0.000020272822,0.07431478,0.000035391513,0.00021382306,0.0000016653913,0.0006049264,0.00022369988,0.000012718577,0.9224723,0.00060799596,0.001409052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062652365,0.00021278401,0.12850645,0.0000853508,0.000044537504,0.00049666065,0.002410666,0.007375539,0.00020283922,0.84630376,0.0076185116,0.00047767584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003125224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003788835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.076168545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013405063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000104932544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904067975","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12347","title":"Warm glow and the transmission of pro‐socialness across generations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Economics; Steady state (chemistry); Overlapping generations model; Microeconomics; Demographic economics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.04393911839836668,"score_gpt":0.35770158727362705,"score_spread":0.3137624688752604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904067975","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830422,0.00093200215,0.00029509232,0.005183176,0.00060134183,0.00014564462,0.000009029823,0.000006177758,0.009785369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99816215,0.00039816464,0.00026133668,0.000096139,0.0006282749,0.0000049448818,3.0183523e-7,0.000007445252,0.00044125356],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884313,0.00035548647,0.00044872225,0.000090543996,0.00007407831,0.00018803468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902,0.00022189274,0.00045728337,0.000088650406,0.000121293924,0.00009090736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004462289,0.00007520578,0.0002541005,0.00004415995,0.0006898319,0.00010983151,0.00028625497,0.000059601247,0.00020699567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010475972,0.000052788677,0.00011399274,0.000045200424,0.0020497185,0.0004538859,0.00005359077,0.00009934149,0.0000066360485],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017205816,0.00007933054,0.0033601867,0.000005228978,0.0001243306,6.562267e-7,0.14160746,0.0000033771335,0.0011626009,0.81600684,0.00075740163,0.03672053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009884497,0.0006712215,0.005990227,0.00009291507,0.00021341695,0.000052204963,0.39598057,0.0002000343,0.021825481,0.4025218,0.16183774,0.0007298816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016447245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00059868797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41348505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001767578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027246113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7552273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966308444","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12390","title":"Principles versus principal: Reconciling norm compliance and shareholder value","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Shareholder; Human multitasking; Microeconomics; Revenue; Business; Principal–agent problem; Economics; Value (mathematics); Stakeholder; Context (archaeology); Compliance (psychology); Principal (computer security); Norm (philosophy); Stewardship (theology); Viewpoints; Accounting; Corporate governance; Finance; Computer science; Management","score_opus":0.1192462038401267,"score_gpt":0.25727940525408466,"score_spread":0.13803320141395797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2966308444","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86252624,0.0031759096,0.00043290967,0.00058235525,0.0049927286,0.0002427471,0.00008809761,0.00002462211,0.12793443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964568,0.00050601107,0.00038465665,0.00023419932,0.0009037877,0.0000054241013,0.0000046492178,0.000050821076,0.0014536246],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970859,0.00007406274,0.0018850272,0.00044960028,0.000040305455,0.00046507764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996653,0.00038530084,0.0021697425,0.00044319636,0.000066115914,0.000282646],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004775413,0.0002205034,0.0009668812,0.00035307015,0.000116151175,0.00028421677,0.0005752538,0.00017591979,0.001361753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027846056,0.00028131952,0.00027115364,0.00006738895,0.00017136201,0.0011672339,0.00015308443,0.0003261444,0.001084414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012535228,0.00003885224,0.049019177,0.000054874297,0.00025708997,0.0000033195872,0.00041452533,0.0003855146,0.000008954279,0.94739527,0.00015768617,0.00213936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012397499,0.00096242025,0.060102966,0.00030903742,0.000059206985,0.00029492308,0.0023584596,0.00844869,0.00012060332,0.42070943,0.49245748,0.0017793091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008165715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006426386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5266859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006244837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014137395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999639},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2976961176","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12394","title":"The evasion of fiscal and labor regulations: Firm behavior and optimal tax policy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Tax evasion; Evasion (ethics); Economics; Government (linguistics); Face (sociological concept); Microeconomics; Public economics","score_opus":0.026339623997507,"score_gpt":0.24888396119852013,"score_spread":0.22254433720101313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2976961176","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870558,0.0053629144,0.00009645429,0.003505707,0.0003773655,0.00009832289,0.000051693078,0.0000033888773,0.0034483587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964937,0.0011667509,0.00022656326,0.000098925564,0.00013118355,0.0000039431134,6.7746555e-7,0.000008192832,0.0018700551],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911755,0.000031858075,0.00058838876,0.00011396275,0.000020604413,0.00012763862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986398,0.00018937813,0.00092413166,0.00014898197,0.00003867516,0.000059000875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012055071,0.00007796253,0.0002681752,0.00018435573,0.00010441987,0.000078271616,0.00014382957,0.00004335939,0.00016048663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017401215,0.000063568936,0.00006818959,0.000057086592,0.00013661977,0.00033096175,0.00006886484,0.000099004224,0.000028272832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029731065,0.000023951845,0.26257107,0.000008653698,0.000056388053,2.4816111e-7,0.00025281505,0.000021711592,0.000017567665,0.7299615,0.00055468857,0.006501648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008168489,0.00013181081,0.87221456,0.000014832512,0.000009286912,0.000029735054,0.0009994941,0.00017727171,0.000018298793,0.082627974,0.0428525,0.00010739066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012080814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007550674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64733356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006740911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042406187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2592266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009935001","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12434","title":"University‐firm competition in basic research and university funding policy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Duopoly; Economics; Incentive; Competition (biology); Profit (economics); Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Public economics; Cournot competition","score_opus":0.14080667124958715,"score_gpt":0.2771659786274093,"score_spread":0.13635930737782218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009935001","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91288966,0.00019263205,0.0010936079,0.028370226,0.00015298044,0.00006268441,0.00006455182,0.00000825676,0.05716542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981706,0.0002251897,0.00008676431,0.00033857985,0.0002956927,4.083678e-8,0.000002190431,0.00000741001,0.0008735332],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913645,0.000110913505,0.0003569299,0.00015004737,0.000022765444,0.00022287943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992335,0.00014613372,0.0003457816,0.000082789025,0.00005451302,0.00013730532],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002796604,0.00006481935,0.00023153039,0.001311504,0.00011831461,0.00005485503,0.00024995158,0.00007288738,0.00033681208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002018862,0.000083164334,0.000049959173,0.0004681228,0.00014468438,0.00070017856,0.00009052183,0.00033434515,0.00010436757],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056942306,0.000022089478,0.012789162,0.000010416612,0.000023490566,0.000012579754,0.0006825874,0.00002058313,0.000013983518,0.98537374,0.0005677064,0.00042675313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025656587,0.0002831639,0.040781457,0.000029227816,0.0000035707621,0.000040090392,0.007176098,0.0005798398,0.000026881155,0.42205465,0.5262113,0.00024807118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008052772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027508877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5633191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000579851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017118816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36878562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022939480","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2005.00196.x","title":"Poverty‐Reducing Tax Reforms with Heterogeneous Agents","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université Laval","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; International Development Research Centre; Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Economics; Stochastic dominance; Poverty; Dominance (genetics); Public economics; Econometrics; Metric (unit); Microeconomics; Economic growth; Biology","score_opus":0.03287113114256874,"score_gpt":0.29107120597771224,"score_spread":0.2582000748351435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022939480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8998355,0.00025032394,0.00036634746,0.004426802,0.000908244,0.000090968606,0.000010974155,0.000022703392,0.094088115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927391,0.0001561577,0.00033753132,0.0015157572,0.0018997779,0.0000013299313,0.0000010493958,0.000016684497,0.0033326324],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99827915,0.00037192946,0.0005694536,0.00014616935,0.00022194549,0.00041133104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986151,0.00012477263,0.0006674332,0.00020090387,0.000113487666,0.00027833882],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048358403,0.00012764418,0.00028700422,0.00015502633,0.0003198155,0.00018558235,0.0005066415,0.00009623552,0.001928533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018442415,0.000090629495,0.00016342798,0.000067915316,0.00017964988,0.001301862,0.000041531282,0.00022883569,0.00010681702],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00057906244,0.0006187423,0.021539269,0.000037879166,0.00088701496,0.000068767426,0.035913166,0.00256808,0.00012259805,0.6886216,0.036783874,0.21225998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018468674,0.00042154858,0.0037676243,0.00006569446,0.000058699177,0.00022573619,0.009491996,0.00021312921,0.00041358895,0.024874836,0.9580896,0.0005307149],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000264517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012887731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9213057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011061274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006735514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99898386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033497119","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12450","title":"Environmental certification programs: How does information provision compare with taxation?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; Competition (biology); Monopolistic competition; Quality (philosophy); Environmental quality; Economics; Free entry; Public economics; Business; Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Monopoly","score_opus":0.0392374219186829,"score_gpt":0.19967786159357198,"score_spread":0.16044043967488908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033497119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91603917,0.0006943971,0.04477674,0.031116374,0.0005330752,0.00046989322,0.00012242107,0.000052236293,0.006195683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986006,0.00007960137,0.00062384404,0.00038289098,0.00017272367,0.000011514781,0.000023698436,0.000009501462,0.00009564001],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990513,0.00003198871,0.0006074662,0.00012851188,0.000041722175,0.00013904391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99718297,0.000028274433,0.0025215633,0.00012215103,0.00003413936,0.00011088102],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005417198,0.00011195004,0.0002706641,0.00014068444,0.00010084805,0.00024539715,0.00021435093,0.000032465643,0.00032362048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010411551,0.00008756466,0.00008223707,0.00006527959,0.00007770104,0.0019243762,0.00003234453,0.00012627721,0.00025873102],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029012313,0.00020627494,0.40929085,0.00008310957,0.0003792445,0.0000018309638,0.007949886,0.00037414965,0.000039694736,0.50041205,0.0036436683,0.07732909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033579979,0.0008610322,0.34270388,0.00004864581,0.000032911605,0.00003879359,0.020611497,0.0031509344,0.00019954867,0.046754245,0.5815482,0.00069232786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002521925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044095054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5779045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001751722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037989816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3570783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112971624","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12540","title":"The whip and the Bible: Punishment versus internalization","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Università degli Studi di Trento; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; European University Institute; University of Warwick","keywords":"Prosocial behavior; Incentive; Internalization; Punishment (psychology); Social psychology; Sample (material); Reciprocity (cultural anthropology); Variety (cybernetics); Investment (military); Value (mathematics); Microeconomics; Economics; Empirical research; Psychology; Political science; Computer science; Law; Statistics; Politics","score_opus":0.05442706499360215,"score_gpt":0.34239451913833546,"score_spread":0.2879674541447333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3112971624","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8511407,0.029503675,0.00025262748,0.029402994,0.016497986,0.0005380168,0.0000132750065,0.000022783484,0.07262798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97898954,0.01939167,0.00006630181,0.0001536235,0.0008102599,0.000020768153,0.0000023111731,0.000016535841,0.0005489754],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99751955,0.001173401,0.0007084672,0.00019294872,0.00014753896,0.00025811256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969818,0.001252698,0.0012160469,0.00028028752,0.00014907985,0.00012010037],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008657165,0.00016924337,0.00039240028,0.00012539164,0.0007289819,0.0015268167,0.0008850646,0.00013672089,0.00017045799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004313791,0.0001070281,0.00024555757,0.000055833552,0.0013202055,0.0003627082,0.0008867199,0.00042442928,0.0000067751253],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034267543,0.00003446573,0.0016708871,0.000008133252,0.0005972556,0.000003986205,0.017519046,0.000042176544,0.0000056117647,0.96402675,0.0014826155,0.014266386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0075330557,0.00020069863,0.000996404,0.0002669536,0.000505859,0.000039923147,0.3427529,0.00019740917,0.0002020975,0.46831942,0.1781811,0.0008041827],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046330335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002162821,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49570736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009449514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080076884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122774606","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00255.x","title":"The Efficiency Consequences of Local Revenue Equalization: Tax Competition and Tax Distortions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Tax competition; Equalization (audio); Externality; Revenue; Public economics; Tax revenue; Competition (biology); Public finance; Microeconomics; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Finance; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.022814074597776433,"score_gpt":0.2315585587311816,"score_spread":0.20874448413340518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122774606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8192817,0.0034752893,0.15232612,0.009430491,0.003653878,0.00037126764,0.00015404209,0.000030620664,0.01127662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99805963,0.00015082274,0.00006123204,0.00014508779,0.00089181063,0.000004478034,0.000025292606,0.000011286099,0.0006503786],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987393,0.000089192414,0.0007875399,0.00013953497,0.000118340264,0.00012607369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99594456,0.00018025258,0.003415204,0.0001780273,0.00026550575,0.0000164484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022729265,0.00013275139,0.0002749233,0.00021432135,0.00021187685,0.00035361393,0.0003278624,0.000081932056,0.00012445656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001867855,0.000103207545,0.00011590721,0.000086366184,0.0005524263,0.0004779191,0.00017070268,0.00025059722,0.000012635879],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002657505,0.00004976397,0.002398349,0.00014270315,0.000045431672,0.0000029114726,0.00003932128,0.0030772742,0.0000828422,0.97974914,0.006087752,0.008297927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009619208,0.000036590533,0.013361014,0.00053857564,0.00017321197,0.000046720972,0.001618879,0.0043026963,0.000109666966,0.7665857,0.21177122,0.00049381424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001463179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036807652,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21316347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010636621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024208832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42086816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123028754","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12201","title":"The Efficiency of Tenure Contracts in Academic Employment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Labex; Trent University","keywords":"Clearance; Revenue; Production (economics); Economics; Profit (economics); Higher education; Labour economics; Economic growth; Finance; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.02313640385425285,"score_gpt":0.23059545732339007,"score_spread":0.20745905346913723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123028754","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899557,0.00068581157,0.0003219624,0.0063777906,0.00059626496,0.00006924365,0.0000028287925,0.000004452638,0.0019859155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982542,0.0003317632,0.0000040645004,0.0003180188,0.00059683487,0.0000017305059,1.2022652e-7,0.00000878836,0.00048447872],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989808,0.000024836056,0.00060202,0.000087162094,0.00009782466,0.00020731053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99807,0.00028068374,0.0014066823,0.00014260414,0.000088188266,0.000011834267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029624582,0.00008479605,0.0001989529,0.00013990015,0.000046492238,0.000049257505,0.00038304264,0.000051531162,0.00008528879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038417077,0.00004498591,0.00008492976,0.00009413594,0.00009944834,0.0011550729,0.000052315703,0.00015856198,0.000059229227],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028021453,0.000102759695,0.23337029,0.000021954342,0.00005421299,0.000019427098,0.00008596081,0.000057052494,0.00209874,0.6556815,0.008532688,0.09969518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032675767,0.00005776614,0.4566423,0.00032362327,0.000030828953,0.000025323801,0.00038034524,0.00006667228,0.00039944975,0.1473763,0.39118427,0.00024553164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016713451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000062941064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5083052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000984382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000120255725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18344723},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123075766","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2005.00208.x","title":"Trading Off Tax Distortion and Tax Evasion","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Distortion (music); Economics; Tax evasion; Evasion (ethics); Observable; Microeconomics; Indirect tax; Income tax; Monetary economics; Tax reform; Public economics; Physics","score_opus":0.03360636205239091,"score_gpt":0.2206190417427551,"score_spread":0.18701267969036417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123075766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9378995,0.0040576165,0.002011105,0.004901864,0.00087963557,0.00008857924,0.000082985345,0.00001602325,0.05006273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964743,0.00030677582,0.00038315184,0.00042763475,0.0013319377,0.0000027893711,0.0000029234366,0.000027480779,0.0010429714],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.998113,0.000052492323,0.0012331222,0.00025336267,0.000022143202,0.0003258957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981723,0.0001414058,0.0012196028,0.00020843575,0.000018372675,0.0002399146],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031703857,0.00017135398,0.0005182791,0.0004674395,0.00012049754,0.0001449879,0.0002848846,0.00012916143,0.0007843909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020209298,0.00018494147,0.00020694581,0.000052351897,0.00011531182,0.001445886,0.000053633965,0.00026822617,0.00029830087],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053777785,0.00007930516,0.017539982,0.000018305409,0.00013028583,0.0000023897053,0.00059857353,0.00005925114,0.000033973087,0.9266857,0.008729382,0.04606908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001677149,0.00018684882,0.028824136,0.000027056964,0.000020648009,0.00021373387,0.00029485652,0.0040650275,0.00014207447,0.71964943,0.24446887,0.00043014655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017655158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000031757547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23573948,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005288799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005146366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85885304},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123268469","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2004.00160.x","title":"Restricted and Unrestricted Dominance for Welfare, Inequality, and Poverty Orderings","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Stochastic dominance; Poverty; Ranking (information retrieval); Inequality; Dominance (genetics); Welfare; Economics; Econometrics; Social Welfare; Welfare economics; Public economics; Mathematics; Economic growth; Biology; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.03282710813370894,"score_gpt":0.2994632276895006,"score_spread":0.2666361195557917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123268469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98168635,0.0005696298,0.0018356115,0.010600863,0.00061967183,0.00020186292,0.00003217961,0.00002157556,0.004432236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973356,0.0008241365,0.00067201955,0.0005146361,0.00043319087,0.0000039695,0.000001859249,0.000012512873,0.00020206907],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845624,0.00031016726,0.0006060648,0.00017542887,0.00012582711,0.00032628392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984088,0.00044908386,0.0006021798,0.00013071041,0.0001770068,0.00023223777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038424605,0.00012756303,0.00034190514,0.00017746368,0.0004206092,0.00019978975,0.00026386758,0.00013550003,0.00006239173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016287602,0.000112111775,0.00008753667,0.00012342152,0.00028474518,0.00090743223,0.00006628304,0.0001819405,0.0000017854761],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015106259,0.00006260073,0.006588637,0.000026260235,0.000053226257,0.0000032048074,0.0023480826,0.000009559447,0.000040297884,0.98138344,0.00066505116,0.008668593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060056276,0.0005039673,0.09592783,0.00006184519,0.000065391614,0.000054915727,0.0067917737,0.00003750568,0.00009178922,0.61005133,0.27992648,0.0004815367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005998377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051331444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37133208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003591298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053016667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45717856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123621326","doi":"10.1111/1467-9779.00104","title":"Optimal Factor Income Taxation in the Presence of Unemployment","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Helsingin Yliopisto","keywords":"Economics; Unemployment; Labour economics; Stackelberg competition; Wage bargaining; Wage rate; Capital income; Capital (architecture); Wage; Profit (economics); Tax rate; Bargaining problem; International taxation; Monetary economics; Microeconomics; Market economy; Macroeconomics; Tax reform","score_opus":0.04549217259713926,"score_gpt":0.24522680967458252,"score_spread":0.19973463707744327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123621326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914974,0.00026185438,0.00096251967,0.0021621957,0.0009898556,0.00021877862,0.000011429244,0.000009832299,0.0038861404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99823904,0.000073399104,0.0001195982,0.00025967226,0.0010063449,0.000007757547,0.000006035851,0.000015204361,0.0002729393],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838996,0.00011726711,0.0009635543,0.00016572353,0.000194249,0.00016922258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935963,0.00020150312,0.0057167886,0.00030374367,0.00016768047,0.000013959983],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027705221,0.0001766793,0.00037180047,0.00055060646,0.000041213283,0.0003307484,0.0008810494,0.00010801526,0.0011104549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037436147,0.00013040975,0.00017983561,0.00012621742,0.00007777789,0.00096320605,0.00030700667,0.0005097191,0.000049309314],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029682412,0.0008893141,0.2001566,0.0012370106,0.00039711758,0.00004847791,0.0024958951,0.08470039,0.00023381402,0.6578058,0.00931533,0.0424234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047572586,0.00014341815,0.5163292,0.0014659723,0.00021658384,0.000059452163,0.0070412545,0.05205631,0.00019102289,0.29080385,0.12529291,0.0016427246],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058691232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004910015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36700198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014333913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012136799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99980265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123722920","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00262.x","title":"<scp>Stable International Environmental Agreements: An Analytical Approach</scp>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Welfare; Economics; Variable (mathematics); Microeconomics; Monotonic function; Econometrics; Mathematics; Market economy","score_opus":0.06363844890305634,"score_gpt":0.24075347053625132,"score_spread":0.17711502163319498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123722920","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8365008,0.0008196347,0.0037892684,0.00058402994,0.0012747172,0.00009643329,0.00048595062,0.00001787342,0.15643126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924685,0.000291051,0.0009678065,0.0004935886,0.0017693551,0.0000061425117,0.000118508935,0.00004444599,0.0038406504],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977203,0.000051647105,0.0013909123,0.0003352989,0.00004389442,0.00045792758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804527,0.00014959864,0.0012441436,0.00031558351,0.00001566313,0.00022977278],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025442813,0.00021536242,0.0005319229,0.00056731026,0.00010119603,0.00029212295,0.000694548,0.00013846715,0.0018864907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000105309155,0.00024618293,0.00028297066,0.00005171844,0.0001421097,0.0016003083,0.000121112935,0.00025757749,0.00063742837],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016402448,0.0005185966,0.066235505,0.000008782256,0.000254711,0.00000618243,0.000332493,0.0006723614,0.000017200413,0.92237043,0.008852985,0.0007143457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002816557,0.00022382967,0.03314214,0.000011040172,0.000042144773,0.00028247037,0.0035303684,0.020169351,0.00006801625,0.43105838,0.5082843,0.0003714479],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007618001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023714918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49943128,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000770718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004350042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124257928","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2010.01467.x","title":"<scp>Half a Century of Public Software Institutions: Open Source as a Solution to Hold‐Up Problem</scp>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Open Source Software Innovations","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Vendor; Software; Inefficiency; Profit (economics); Marketing; Business; Computer science; Industrial organization; Economics; Microeconomics; Operating system","score_opus":0.0388092144263214,"score_gpt":0.28505027519633824,"score_spread":0.24624106077001684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3124257928","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37889507,0.00013553271,0.60291874,0.0068946513,0.0026600186,0.0006896803,0.000021461303,0.00012803536,0.0076568034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9046739,0.00001981506,0.09179155,0.0011120762,0.00040651843,0.000045876146,0.0000075364674,0.000041546355,0.0019012238],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99681693,0.00036660922,0.0014137378,0.00045272429,0.00032757604,0.00062239286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99514073,0.00074568647,0.0016305855,0.0010642203,0.00089586334,0.0005229385],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0075928415,0.00027175542,0.00054194644,0.0011574011,0.00036560785,0.0014905607,0.00491194,0.00020323785,0.00016451436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004339047,0.00026108627,0.00022766551,0.00091158977,0.00026438164,0.005861846,0.0016695799,0.0008252872,0.0002655421],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007911974,0.00025899726,0.0025624048,0.000019386764,0.00015756878,0.00000612554,0.0022521757,0.00021884729,0.0010240455,0.9129159,0.00982147,0.07075517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017655196,0.00040915605,0.0031909605,0.00011717061,0.000035629804,0.0009198927,0.0013118625,0.00038303397,0.00061989616,0.12625287,0.8646861,0.0003079244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008684993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014444187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8548646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036274877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0032469234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124708012","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2009.01407.x","title":"<scp>The Salient Issue of Issue Salience</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Salient; Salience (neuroscience); NOMINATE; Opposition (politics); Decision maker; Economics; Set (abstract data type); Positive economics; Political science; Microeconomics; Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Law; Management science","score_opus":0.03195527034294386,"score_gpt":0.32588896742303114,"score_spread":0.29393369708008726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3124708012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9182231,0.00050179387,0.0002472744,0.023247799,0.0011186862,0.0001384612,0.0000041670164,0.000012708222,0.05650602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99377227,0.00003150975,0.000035326717,0.0007649571,0.0016342619,0.0000011967866,3.4564235e-7,0.0000051073152,0.003755006],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981038,0.0006545614,0.0006191441,0.00008681016,0.00019671473,0.0003389777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982048,0.0006925861,0.000594762,0.00014577367,0.00013906116,0.0002229771],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005292236,0.00008041319,0.0002458082,0.0000886602,0.00017924633,0.00009760009,0.00041939522,0.00007943346,0.0004089282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009999536,0.000056650937,0.00013436041,0.000111319576,0.00026490077,0.00041618847,0.000014681242,0.00015556414,0.000111886664],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004669207,0.0000554919,0.0023167687,0.000004103853,0.000026275264,0.0000011065263,0.0042197197,0.00004422362,0.0001862404,0.9607246,0.025638657,0.0067781676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028320812,0.00031012704,0.008685814,0.000027779915,0.00003090416,0.000007536667,0.0048264526,0.000027478438,0.0006445885,0.3125949,0.6725011,0.00006013172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003920053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024806804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6481297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001891526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034641975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4477477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125258256","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12327","title":"Nursing home choice, family bargaining, and optimal policy in a Hotelling economy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Bargaining power; Economics; Overlapping generations model; Stock (firearms); Labour economics; Nursing homes; Microeconomics; Power (physics); Nursing; Medicine","score_opus":0.01870790266010763,"score_gpt":0.30331979149677346,"score_spread":0.2846118888366658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125258256","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91506135,0.00043272306,0.002104507,0.0010715046,0.000561379,0.00004691309,0.0000023970615,0.000006773167,0.08071246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99566674,0.00019199039,0.00048923725,0.00040722053,0.0028874883,0.0000011083148,6.396169e-7,0.000012272572,0.0003432939],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889976,0.00017652423,0.00042154657,0.00013290819,0.00007072564,0.00029855978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991241,0.00024417802,0.00029830044,0.000075464595,0.00010183316,0.00015610714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031336956,0.00009233206,0.00020259387,0.00046567223,0.00023778681,0.0002771285,0.00025105386,0.00008279491,0.000102574886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021571026,0.0000957937,0.00007651487,0.000091859525,0.00035931403,0.0007666251,0.000028162063,0.00017554392,0.000010347256],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014501088,0.000019595993,0.0058256467,0.000001416672,0.000027854228,0.0000023281893,0.0062289764,0.00017837787,0.00008868138,0.9754864,0.00020680719,0.011919419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021358428,0.0004876072,0.041099694,0.00036411182,0.00003722368,0.000084533975,0.053105976,0.015072151,0.00006151028,0.7958701,0.090852655,0.000828559],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020637251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043928775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17961626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006361635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00086727523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39063537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159408337","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12510","title":"VAT and the taxation of rents","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economic rent; Economics; Monetary economics; Cash flow; Corporate tax; Value-added tax; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Tax avoidance; Public economics; International economics; Microeconomics; Finance","score_opus":0.018365506033602114,"score_gpt":0.20256663980593315,"score_spread":0.18420113377233102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159408337","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9805201,0.0004366715,0.0008083244,0.004751919,0.0004731104,0.000036334575,8.3127566e-7,0.0000043021255,0.012968358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99814945,0.00006750483,0.00004458556,0.00067310716,0.00048489403,5.527263e-7,0.0000014875145,0.000004708056,0.00057369506],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994721,0.000041492516,0.0003190585,0.000053792075,0.000053350013,0.00006021755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979537,0.0001027987,0.001686766,0.000087709246,0.00016148388,0.000007547644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017136239,0.000046414374,0.00014013855,0.00009241393,0.00004681415,0.00013788138,0.00010871148,0.000018784145,0.00047962563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004938849,0.000031565236,0.00005988078,0.0000726725,0.00007444372,0.00078119815,0.000054641303,0.000071181385,0.000018440449],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060316048,0.000021736645,0.010693115,0.000024742973,0.00004134146,0.0000019634813,0.000060844748,0.000032422256,0.000320931,0.97034746,0.0018962554,0.01649885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006702552,0.000016316808,0.12013202,0.000107728825,0.00012537293,0.00007549264,0.0032091327,0.0024302567,0.0006865401,0.6577668,0.2084997,0.00024805364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000074079035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018322895,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31258065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017359374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055897483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52515644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3163262481","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12512","title":"Free and second‐best entry in oligopolies with network effects","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Cournot competition; Free entry; Oligopoly; Microeconomics; Economics; Welfare; Competition (biology); Free riding; Industrial organization; Incentive; Ecology; Market economy; Biology","score_opus":0.01104027387674818,"score_gpt":0.1905982117095999,"score_spread":0.1795579378328517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3163262481","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92040366,0.012516682,0.0012382522,0.0012141619,0.0005615341,0.00004468435,0.000028229617,0.000006416291,0.06398635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953501,0.0011221993,0.00046230335,0.00047969102,0.0002950371,0.0000031486818,0.0000028358154,0.000016262245,0.0022683993],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987593,0.000095382806,0.000684956,0.00019552663,0.000022505319,0.0002422812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988197,0.00021733931,0.00052464026,0.00026279705,0.00003527935,0.00014023129],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014186653,0.000121069956,0.00052814157,0.0003068877,0.000050624923,0.0001381193,0.00021269146,0.00006355761,0.0034704031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012920196,0.00012128855,0.00012183899,0.00015322004,0.00006825712,0.00038579007,0.00007167551,0.0002104931,0.000067365654],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025264946,0.000066426495,0.097719036,0.000030602914,0.0002336289,0.00004898542,0.00017501327,0.00018834602,0.0000043525574,0.89866364,0.0017214615,0.0011232317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032373115,0.00019637935,0.052656256,0.00011181431,0.00004359958,0.00036965028,0.0013186987,0.00036137394,0.00013828356,0.871854,0.069275014,0.00043761026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011355477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029753055,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07494644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113868315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009770925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3166785359","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12539","title":"Age‐related taxation of bequests in the presence of a dependency risk","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Redistribution (election); Welfare; Equity (law); Wage; Labour economics; Health insurance; Demographic economics; Health care","score_opus":0.014600988954999844,"score_gpt":0.22690030631910227,"score_spread":0.21229931736410243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3166785359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950836,0.00042214198,0.000088204055,0.00028253155,0.00026234327,0.00007295054,0.0000026735388,0.000003627407,0.0037819813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99931556,0.000098345,0.00011046502,0.00009440215,0.000233997,0.0000013299419,0.000007672091,0.000008751615,0.00012947907],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840134,0.00020235757,0.00095683103,0.000119084536,0.00018183386,0.0001385511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99615234,0.00029739554,0.002988811,0.00023814455,0.00031405146,0.000009258779],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0044567,0.00009540591,0.00031911882,0.00043183652,0.00004424487,0.00009608186,0.0004046615,0.000059419643,0.00074060535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002045588,0.00007300939,0.0001938989,0.00039065976,0.00007367764,0.0013832176,0.00008812726,0.00020462566,0.000019507183],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004940223,0.0001699337,0.74523073,0.00006795552,0.00006677183,0.00004258312,0.0005698733,0.0004630152,0.00052354974,0.24763182,0.0004885045,0.0046958476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010093115,0.000030242521,0.7463818,0.00016364495,0.00021685868,0.000020795553,0.0013028111,0.001935911,0.00029660744,0.2459735,0.0025041418,0.00016433325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021071741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045030224,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0045315144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051285922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012994774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8109109},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171610946","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12534","title":"Equivalence between fixed fee and ad valorem profit royalty","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Innovator; Licensee; Cournot competition; Microeconomics; Economics; Equivalence (formal languages); Profit (economics); Duopoly; Oligopoly; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Computer science; Discrete mathematics","score_opus":0.15116333567469725,"score_gpt":0.23899890235825588,"score_spread":0.08783556668355863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3171610946","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97040635,0.00075334974,0.0006053033,0.0025951033,0.0007245968,0.00006842425,0.000003636556,0.000018109573,0.024825111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995219,0.00006301366,0.000106299274,0.00085961196,0.0013786778,0.000001117675,0.000005269713,0.000017681741,0.0023493166],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989947,0.00006014853,0.0004497932,0.00016089776,0.00009484311,0.00023958214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990407,0.00015698167,0.00042458405,0.00014160523,0.00020106504,0.000035042638],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018851176,0.00012668244,0.0002759556,0.00017313757,0.00013058653,0.0003972443,0.00027194523,0.00006993636,0.0018721026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004648199,0.00010197215,0.00010698012,0.00008709451,0.00007036607,0.0013798643,0.0001913788,0.00024124866,0.00030409198],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047985933,0.00019598172,0.29455137,0.00077500823,0.0011865216,0.00021639663,0.0008900057,0.00008376978,0.0016557252,0.26437533,0.035998203,0.39959183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004451949,0.00019308216,0.12857237,0.0005113835,0.0004851744,0.00031645913,0.0032499,0.0020493572,0.002265323,0.2941139,0.5624656,0.0013254666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010240845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009407545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5264674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055446384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000114248665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225542263","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12584","title":"A theory of voluntary testing and self‐isolation in an ongoing pandemic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Isolation (microbiology); Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Work (physics); Turnover; Test (biology); Face (sociological concept); Economics; Diagnostic test; Actuarial science; Public economics; Business; Medicine; Sociology; Engineering","score_opus":0.22785825599576243,"score_gpt":0.3700242935769306,"score_spread":0.1421660375811682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225542263","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971105,0.0004486063,0.001487643,0.0003373101,0.00011984145,0.00010754188,0.000006588143,0.000023938706,0.00035802805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948059,0.000039120147,0.0047814143,0.00022129116,0.00010953269,0.0000067145843,4.980444e-7,0.000014143237,0.000021417487],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99716383,0.001436867,0.000949156,0.00015876058,0.00008766285,0.00020371687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.986633,0.012056572,0.0010289599,0.00015146799,0.00005464233,0.00007534488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01578534,0.00011535453,0.00047952565,0.00025850307,0.00012491897,0.000018351006,0.0002548591,0.000045955894,0.00020389706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0064763343,0.000099132856,0.00008027266,0.00010255071,0.00007904482,0.00035933362,0.00025834044,0.00039885848,7.188061e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001203921,0.00022861735,0.8026381,0.00006338828,0.00011945208,0.000008210849,0.0024965836,0.0006215105,0.00031148994,0.17710021,0.00011802459,0.016173985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005822845,0.00033812178,0.12691884,0.000026236674,0.00003503409,0.000087891865,0.002902689,0.0024773139,0.000004935701,0.86629647,0.00021814005,0.00011205495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019691026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004879483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6891962,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004855299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001588653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7753245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282929034","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12590","title":"Vaccine and inclusion","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Veto; Context (archaeology); Diversity (politics); Dilemma; Inclusion (mineral); Set (abstract data type); Economics; Majority rule; Power (physics); Microeconomics; Law and economics; Public economics; Positive economics; Political science; Sociology; Computer science; Law; Social science; Biology; Epistemology; Politics","score_opus":0.026903816619704594,"score_gpt":0.3113936456383105,"score_spread":0.2844898290186059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4282929034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712767,0.0019319535,0.0000106096795,0.005820449,0.00079930166,0.00006082521,0.000006085279,0.00000885467,0.020085225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99843967,0.0002885579,0.000099269666,0.00029877154,0.000226418,0.000003912445,4.5751267e-7,0.0000074562986,0.0006354602],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990186,0.0003396784,0.00030565297,0.00008600269,0.00009200627,0.00015807695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931926,0.00014395187,0.00033399012,0.00006775324,0.000024010275,0.00011103921],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00459619,0.00005862779,0.00017321031,0.00013774219,0.002155375,0.000045652632,0.00032168985,0.000020389094,0.0015965732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006580841,0.000059771883,0.0000623465,0.00003729701,0.00009896847,0.00039723553,0.0022582163,0.00016170696,0.000005608925],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008199071,0.000112113674,0.021210898,0.000002148761,0.000075304364,0.000011685693,0.049959473,0.00002766855,0.000564804,0.89338833,0.003885194,0.03068041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015201434,0.0004154713,0.0027556217,0.000005525698,0.00003465094,0.000091541,0.106788956,0.00001830829,0.00017232026,0.32290018,0.56501484,0.0002824111],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011191068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014282706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57048815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072257593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020411589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993161},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387498866","doi":"10.1111/jpet.12669","title":"Optimal law enforcement when individuals are either moral or norm followers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"George Mason University","keywords":"Norm (philosophy); Legal norm; Social planner; Enforcement; Law enforcement; Economics; Law and economics; Social psychology; Law; Microeconomics; Psychology; Political science","score_opus":0.05970765005296529,"score_gpt":0.24245155035689733,"score_spread":0.18274390030393203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387498866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75707024,0.00095152913,0.00081703626,0.002408167,0.006604601,0.00046153023,0.0006261175,0.00010862106,0.23095216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925438,0.00026676452,0.0002449629,0.00083499326,0.001454621,0.000019260051,0.000019505971,0.00007864236,0.0045374213],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965454,0.00009096401,0.0021998659,0.00040677344,0.000066027955,0.00069100276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962613,0.00028006604,0.00260052,0.00045196566,0.000056625668,0.00034953246],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006425788,0.0002677243,0.0011267994,0.00069790933,0.00020568701,0.00040437153,0.00085815426,0.00021787632,0.007051131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022209097,0.0002978934,0.00050836673,0.00014497692,0.0002045439,0.0012732242,0.00017915004,0.00029700564,0.0035196652],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000080881924,0.0000607525,0.032762334,0.000021877295,0.0005811923,0.000022611177,0.0012079853,0.0008676775,0.0000023059229,0.9475675,0.016182274,0.0006425935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029703127,0.0004198518,0.0034471573,0.00006685922,0.00004271217,0.00008806624,0.004428275,0.0008665196,0.000047801248,0.5120077,0.4748406,0.00077412225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002972358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001955491,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45865834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006866339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017974705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408978912","doi":"10.1111/jpet.70024","title":"Intermediate Condorcet Winners and Losers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Condorcet method; Economics; Neoclassical economics; Microeconomics; Econometrics; Mathematical economics; Voting; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.02199859762987923,"score_gpt":0.23023162815847323,"score_spread":0.208233030528594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408978912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93490463,0.0028445895,0.002695871,0.0012924201,0.0024072153,0.000084610634,0.00002793928,0.000016433289,0.055726275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951693,0.00014734772,0.00006931037,0.00044380486,0.00021622276,0.0000020211696,0.0000011554081,0.000013543259,0.0039373226],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842405,0.000115136325,0.0010196428,0.00018975229,0.000015068321,0.000236351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984105,0.00031867146,0.0009149332,0.00020518589,0.000031215608,0.00011946642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0054648914,0.00013400761,0.0005322873,0.0005768828,0.00006645463,0.00014526922,0.0003465811,0.00009305224,0.00040222993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039644507,0.00013709732,0.00014819151,0.000080111386,0.00018339728,0.00046012743,0.0000713819,0.00023389471,0.00013199258],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042233263,0.000020756832,0.02392357,0.000029433102,0.00020468295,0.0000035232174,0.00033766206,0.000019849418,0.00001643998,0.97103655,0.0016973743,0.0026678958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019388779,0.00013136564,0.012540429,0.00009064723,0.00002220704,0.00007933041,0.0017900335,0.0002743148,0.000081854945,0.8829754,0.099810526,0.00026499026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007992269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004164375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09811315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001694817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007958282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55906665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414973027","doi":"10.1111/jpet.70069","title":"Merger Review Under Asymmetric Information","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Imperfect; Information asymmetry; Perfect information; Imperfect competition; Type I and type II errors; Type (biology)","score_opus":0.021094952428475703,"score_gpt":0.23818384476228377,"score_spread":0.21708889233380807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414973027","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012552173,0.111370265,0.13848661,0.027308488,0.0040402017,0.00022822239,0.00006528356,0.000038608287,0.70591015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9613426,0.023131076,0.00030457348,0.010825664,0.00017135298,0.000007086792,0.000013445163,0.0000106051475,0.00419362],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814296,0.000074526506,0.0014791061,0.00010595962,0.000030447307,0.00016702071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998295,0.000117967786,0.0011454797,0.00025519187,0.00009457565,0.00009180365],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039925547,0.00010713891,0.0005201086,0.0013560328,0.000062140534,0.000106400854,0.0003506013,0.000058894755,0.0058346163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037422628,0.000107348525,0.00036867804,0.00047489727,0.0000337054,0.0011052046,0.000043210694,0.00017545348,0.0011595391],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005022996,0.000024771256,0.001375351,0.00006839734,0.00023561118,3.0210342e-7,0.000017509152,0.000070548325,5.559058e-7,0.96265227,0.027910905,0.0076387706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048237847,0.000028870632,0.0050718244,0.0001225784,0.000051446917,0.00001159424,0.0001586026,0.00020156034,0.000008519382,0.29886812,0.6948333,0.00016124768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008020018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000254104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94879043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002447081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012023019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}