{"meta":{"query_hash":"06e74cf8880a","filters":{"venue":"Metascience"},"cohort_total":58,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":58,"exported":58,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/06e74cf8880a","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Metascience"},"results":[{"id":"W10700829","doi":"10.1007/s11016-012-9666-1","title":"The role of psychology in science studies","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.06755265051233615,"score_gpt":0.4681570370055492,"score_spread":0.40060438649321306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W10700829","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35641813,0.12038119,0.00037673366,0.0011221422,0.0071635074,0.00022626389,0.000001815539,0.000033077507,0.51427716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99816877,0.00031199364,0.0004364873,0.0002994412,0.00009139754,0.00002869651,3.608195e-8,0.000004433258,0.00065872073],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832976,0.00014492744,0.00029097544,0.0003312619,0.00026654606,0.00063650846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989056,0.00033574642,0.00012462113,0.00047242962,0.00007874184,0.000082836195],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032742172,0.00008913155,0.00019110157,0.00019423889,0.00026144905,0.0000046770183,0.0009747338,0.000062160594,0.00008352467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061263517,0.000057068926,0.000039421455,0.0013791312,0.0055359853,0.00019130686,0.00012649116,0.00026505577,0.00013300468],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003811423,0.00020819095,0.05806953,0.0000013048699,0.000020053185,0.0000010777306,0.021956556,8.228285e-7,0.010039055,0.86142504,0.0017895796,0.04645069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005519442,0.00022165957,0.47104865,0.000009276689,0.000023971912,0.00007250063,0.030220404,0.000014200323,0.001410845,0.106019385,0.39011946,0.00028768825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002906911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041030908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75540566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010127698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031066556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W139085653","doi":"10.1007/s11016-014-9902-y","title":"Objective evidence and rules of strategy: Achinstein on method","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.28476858219520335,"score_gpt":0.47592348638589804,"score_spread":0.1911549041906947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W139085653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6333236,0.0009156519,0.3484592,0.00016639456,0.0003610613,0.00021211218,0.000008310308,0.000027125307,0.016526554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97205657,0.0000036012732,0.027024353,0.00012377328,0.000034983525,0.0000044221742,4.646833e-8,0.000004541693,0.00074770715],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.995383,0.0009072221,0.0006724544,0.0007591229,0.0020460505,0.00023211208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9899398,0.008396088,0.0003995656,0.00081918854,0.0003158771,0.00012944675],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01482575,0.00014578468,0.00045298698,0.00037701393,0.00022301971,0.00032049607,0.0010136049,0.000039662722,0.00010973381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013930924,0.00008956076,0.000101515645,0.0008792118,0.0002549884,0.00053749053,0.00026223648,0.00011545765,0.00011647611],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048717557,0.000058930167,0.0035580208,0.0000099366125,0.000008958008,0.0000033015417,0.00094619923,0.0018849289,0.016418979,0.43117025,0.000765713,0.5451261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045192818,0.0009799238,0.22085467,0.00028888643,0.00002361109,0.000050102662,0.0014564259,0.113859594,0.0082300315,0.6418051,0.011540879,0.0004588498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012550032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030762763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54466724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015332318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059840568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99437517},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1482115817","doi":"10.1007/s11016-010-9343-1","title":"Providence and necessity","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Campion College","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Environmental ethics","score_opus":0.02289352668252228,"score_gpt":0.21913344586309116,"score_spread":0.19623991918056888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1482115817","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85576165,0.00007406011,0.000037702466,0.0014336202,0.000983367,0.00005860056,0.0000024924618,0.00004867522,0.14159986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99744004,0.0000035152486,0.0002304046,0.00046354497,0.00023517752,0.0000035913552,2.2771975e-7,0.0000016934,0.0016218241],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995688,0.00001727188,0.000060677634,0.00014492504,0.00009530759,0.000112969006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997213,0.000050130315,0.000025590547,0.00012006311,0.000029580946,0.000053365766],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033945273,0.000046241392,0.000064255444,0.00002611811,0.00026191032,0.00007433768,0.00015708849,0.000013255203,0.0007430798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012931414,0.000032301992,0.000012785396,0.000020964899,0.0010174207,0.00025193085,0.000049846167,0.00011322109,0.000070670336],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018005943,0.000009128105,0.0003020079,0.0000044072726,0.0000011601112,0.000001707193,0.002552329,3.4843545e-8,0.0029415071,0.9920495,0.00012725803,0.002009131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022682226,0.00013543168,0.0047096754,0.000009492097,0.000025952339,0.000030577517,0.0005330022,0.00043086777,0.0044117603,0.5437471,0.4454546,0.00028467618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006210227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034012078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4483024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.5183435e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014298992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81362027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1494516948","doi":"10.1007/s11016-010-9441-0","title":"Early German Darwinism reconsidered","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Alexander von Humboldt Studies","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of King's College","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; German; Darwinism; Philosophy; Epistemology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.02554759742935293,"score_gpt":0.2826484569202962,"score_spread":0.2571008594909433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1494516948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98041385,0.00042130263,0.00009087057,0.0004619864,0.0021674894,0.000099346216,0.0000071379905,0.00009327002,0.01624475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920989,0.000008845494,0.00059352827,0.00028951376,0.000025185676,0.000012634604,0.0000025814302,0.000006351948,0.006962425],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990915,0.00005682524,0.0001655781,0.00031550776,0.000040968225,0.00032959686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993822,0.000113498565,0.00006366411,0.00036745507,0.000050933148,0.000022239017],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042371626,0.00011229816,0.00017921689,0.00006856403,0.00038241784,0.000025525263,0.00034088778,0.00009210246,0.0016453327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019801634,0.00009065057,0.00005435495,0.00014403116,0.0007851427,0.00015614415,0.00013510323,0.00032535574,0.002279977],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005122072,0.000029408673,0.00532655,0.0000018018574,0.00003932807,0.0000040162804,0.0011030317,7.8605794e-8,0.98095906,0.004683983,0.0043117544,0.0035358425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010689807,0.00014723469,0.40345198,0.000008066385,0.0000689459,0.00025026558,0.00026745308,0.0000026612684,0.3345672,0.005543247,0.25410396,0.00052002707],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060298615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000677649,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64639187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000052783957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042098767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1535791057","doi":"10.1007/s11016-014-9921-8","title":"What-if history of science","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; History of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; History and philosophy of science","score_opus":0.0397925963234276,"score_gpt":0.22214784178681993,"score_spread":0.18235524546339232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1535791057","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19206221,0.0060838256,0.00015072786,0.00044643876,0.029488733,0.00016981576,0.000002679056,0.00012431115,0.77147126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9055565,0.000030807463,0.00036897353,0.00059340225,0.00014252683,0.000003276637,3.0722146e-7,0.0000045336287,0.09329964],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841803,0.000030455161,0.00019977443,0.00033733336,0.00072624505,0.00028815755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991571,0.000046422094,0.00012924455,0.00033433727,0.00021979489,0.000113142],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017732086,0.000093228206,0.00015979467,0.00033209648,0.00046317617,0.00006287655,0.0009192189,0.000015335021,0.001235666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017562852,0.00007443787,0.000064606946,0.0001800659,0.015728688,0.0026874302,0.00006234491,0.0000907839,0.00019385444],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008183992,0.00009424865,0.000026446703,0.00003078743,0.0000032370915,0.0000014958098,0.123354785,0.000011861142,0.053926293,0.7296255,0.04746023,0.0454569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000057391775,0.00007012897,0.00009714176,0.000016294403,0.0000058685223,0.0000011551416,0.001504819,0.0003183463,0.0008309129,0.000747942,0.9962338,0.00011616487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011315534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007324581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9487736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000344679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036660465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99967736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W154158033","doi":"10.1007/s11016-011-9597-2","title":"Objectivity in historical perspective","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Objectivity (philosophy); Philosophy; Perspective (graphical); Computer science","score_opus":0.014010456613304566,"score_gpt":0.26153119853482576,"score_spread":0.24752074192152118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W154158033","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94448465,0.000113446884,0.014221213,0.00017680536,0.00041538526,0.00006135278,0.0000029400794,0.000013675017,0.040510546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981069,3.7950701e-7,0.0011539629,0.000013395908,0.00007765773,0.0000066752427,3.9856238e-7,0.000002917599,0.000637717],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942374,0.00003343282,0.000058034417,0.00012489058,0.00011644172,0.00024346291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997433,0.000041806306,0.000021448606,0.000107766406,0.000019022984,0.00006666249],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030876164,0.000058133388,0.0000908678,0.00004896876,0.000054279724,0.000014182233,0.00010073515,0.000011527366,0.00007078506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024622941,0.00005084253,0.00004169741,0.00029290176,0.00003088821,0.0002688836,0.000031519063,0.00010683054,0.000046936206],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021361757,0.00017582222,0.8961879,5.238493e-7,0.000003836092,3.300297e-7,0.0015400859,0.000037823283,0.000612268,0.10008511,0.0001074422,0.0012466994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000666443,0.000059149526,0.94437903,0.000008346941,0.000033640834,0.0000042084307,0.006328314,0.0114231,0.0032145071,0.019354263,0.013901179,0.00062780984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015403181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032282984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08073085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024059032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027864293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23285104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1870072165","doi":"10.1007/s11016-013-9745-y","title":"On Newton’s method","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Equations","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology; Calculus (dental); Medicine","score_opus":0.14311593866834635,"score_gpt":0.45208397586771143,"score_spread":0.30896803719936505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1870072165","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.049286775,0.00001075964,0.9300906,0.0012690448,0.00023370262,0.00033881445,0.0000042582915,0.000094613744,0.018671433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.014559243,5.015565e-7,0.97380036,0.00044546623,0.000042836364,0.00005952514,9.717654e-7,0.000012762162,0.011078331],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986926,0.000298713,0.00019256951,0.00025538122,0.00033306435,0.0002277012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99791056,0.0014213573,0.00007474788,0.0004014765,0.00011430043,0.0000775475],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013832778,0.000109376095,0.00015769423,0.000108630644,0.00015296639,0.000090081274,0.00029967667,0.000027610484,0.0012743842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029244486,0.00007945305,0.000068185494,0.00042415364,0.000077679906,0.00025188073,0.00005062905,0.000117223055,0.0011406889],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013623143,0.00010212519,0.000039039194,0.00000778336,0.000010413452,0.000001285409,0.0005498736,0.000029507099,0.015934752,0.95178825,0.0071314317,0.024404202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000113273796,0.00006515729,0.00036104166,0.000008871424,0.00001397521,0.0000047661974,0.000052685074,0.01283524,0.01980698,0.96190727,0.0046952246,0.00013554728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000330755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000456734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043709762,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032224434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030868352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975130902","doi":"10.1007/bf02913605","title":"How to connect with the past","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.009319145897374226,"score_gpt":0.16878862933322397,"score_spread":0.15946948343584974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975130902","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97146785,0.0002656867,0.00036265704,0.014260241,0.000039909057,0.00009790501,0.000008317076,0.000014362268,0.013483098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891468,0.000024469944,0.00067097496,0.0017961935,0.000028950595,0.0000016394326,0.0000015112041,6.679869e-7,0.0083287805],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935544,0.000031559674,0.000033412758,0.00018211188,0.0001799266,0.00021755604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975234,0.000058099668,0.000011396242,0.00011392986,0.0000032579867,0.00006100217],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019653823,0.000063537045,0.000062236424,0.000012555312,0.00047394945,0.00002783534,0.000257018,0.000008420897,0.001980328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000073561196,0.000029037914,0.000015691132,0.00022168864,0.00058002316,0.000119831355,0.0000128947395,0.00004787286,0.0006141867],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032364645,0.000009176885,0.80724615,0.0000014337091,0.000011321716,0.000014640152,0.0010174612,0.002952915,0.000054077766,0.00013663,0.0022077246,0.1863161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049635328,0.0001400455,0.80237484,0.0000014548465,0.000005325767,0.000012227854,0.00030003465,0.00012752094,0.00009045542,0.00008257462,0.19673781,0.000078061166],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000747911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006478986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19453008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000011570925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000043324526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991961039","doi":"10.1007/s11016-006-9079-0","title":"Seeing is Reasoning","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Philosophy; Cognitive science; Psychology","score_opus":0.030795159469589484,"score_gpt":0.35505163539848794,"score_spread":0.32425647592889845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991961039","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17449397,0.00019017975,0.029590601,0.000459226,0.00063290884,0.000049838334,0.0000012997073,0.000054884465,0.7945271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99439746,9.740758e-7,0.002684605,0.0015406584,0.000077156714,0.000001998651,1.3239674e-7,0.000003369902,0.001293665],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876183,0.000035135086,0.00013448963,0.00033619994,0.0002798696,0.00045246538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936813,0.00013099915,0.000039099243,0.00028503893,0.000024024734,0.00015268105],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022885727,0.00007065273,0.000082822495,0.000059575937,0.00019119124,0.000030508687,0.0004381659,0.000035001565,0.0015261831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015996197,0.000055694094,0.000042970158,0.0007053013,0.00045966398,0.00013762993,0.00006124581,0.00011006336,0.0009182315],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000063149323,0.00002277001,0.0008213153,5.9588785e-7,0.0000026665275,0.00002587805,0.0010911487,4.5641278e-7,0.0025802797,0.98040164,0.00012250003,0.014924444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006440134,0.00027684658,0.15318619,0.000047257334,0.000042059455,0.00021327607,0.0012386759,0.00056252425,0.053958353,0.6927695,0.09623237,0.0008288828],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032933636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019670858,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8199035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015950814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011018509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016051141","doi":"10.1007/s11016-009-9239-0","title":"Making a Metaphysics for Nature","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Metaphysics; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.11786259573887235,"score_gpt":0.3544014421366457,"score_spread":0.23653884639777334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016051141","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.287836,0.0020141182,0.03867094,0.03642944,0.012300991,0.001387409,0.000055320823,0.00050452136,0.62080127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893035,0.0000013404799,0.0027295637,0.0024308101,0.00028156384,0.000007725586,0.0000015051893,0.0000015727799,0.005242374],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944276,0.000010356804,0.00007667045,0.00015422722,0.00016174582,0.00015424228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997057,0.000026830887,0.000039378094,0.00011158784,0.00009020592,0.00002635317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003314558,0.000049780254,0.00006148497,0.000053076605,0.00042302304,0.00018185253,0.00020090888,0.000015123444,0.0001628554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008557583,0.000037434544,0.00005257956,0.00009270036,0.00013615315,0.00038898308,0.0000057798084,0.00006298451,0.000027577658],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010742643,0.000022414557,0.000006925243,0.0000012632971,9.525492e-7,5.4567035e-8,0.004420392,0.0000048836587,0.00050853076,0.98449147,0.0046076835,0.0059343507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008680721,0.00008147679,0.0013439739,0.000008392793,0.000015300748,0.0000010621003,0.0022801298,0.002419392,0.0006229812,0.08810152,0.90489185,0.00014708759],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028295908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022588607,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9002842,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014403652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037514434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3253594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074073311","doi":"10.1007/s11016-009-9256-z","title":"The Life and Death of Hypatia","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Biblical Studies and Interpretation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.04297590549557171,"score_gpt":0.25087000461523945,"score_spread":0.20789409911966775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074073311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53625226,0.015142587,0.0006678509,0.010431661,0.00050462165,0.00019086404,0.000008535987,0.000036825513,0.4367648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99829006,0.00010805812,0.00004725193,0.001057092,0.000027823518,9.723902e-7,7.962021e-8,5.313476e-7,0.00046813776],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997281,0.000008591253,0.00006887197,0.00005259255,0.000079930294,0.000061916966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982953,0.000042205167,0.000026444966,0.00004830239,0.00003531611,0.00001821984],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012964415,0.00002511285,0.00004344037,0.000013304223,0.00027059915,0.000068984526,0.00007278951,0.0000035896753,0.000052370524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000070357375,0.000012486521,0.000014434189,0.000027645136,0.0001571423,0.00007897366,0.000013016984,0.000018954957,0.000003629813],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026077025,0.000007785096,0.00015656228,0.0000010671714,0.0000035961068,4.2755655e-8,0.0025584362,4.058069e-7,0.00010194748,0.9637693,0.0017966715,0.031601544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008930471,0.00028393787,0.041536734,0.0000071851823,0.000016375949,4.2698758e-7,0.0013271996,0.0011031068,0.00029874666,0.025603143,0.9296577,0.0000761723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053150037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045017205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9381662,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000013016097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000039037777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20812573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079705744","doi":"10.1007/bf02913492","title":"Clarity, charity and criticism, wit, wisdom and worldliness: Avoiding intellectual impositions","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"CLARITY; Philosophy of technology; Criticism; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Philosophy; Sociology; Political science; Law; Chemistry","score_opus":0.027681127254410305,"score_gpt":0.3009289375408843,"score_spread":0.273247810286474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079705744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835194,0.0017317063,0.0012716539,0.0028636397,0.0002324235,0.00020072327,0.000009808323,0.00009761994,0.0100730425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99192965,0.0014184092,0.00232494,0.00069770264,0.00013241883,0.000015525939,0.0000014406374,0.000006692467,0.0034732285],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828494,0.0002135407,0.00021499685,0.00041275696,0.00042999955,0.00044375102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915045,0.00034932233,0.00003310894,0.0001399675,0.0000728984,0.00025425004],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016257734,0.00013466149,0.00019018393,0.000112467365,0.0019223174,0.0003107984,0.00025547,0.000072049275,0.0007507254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000451245,0.00012713176,0.000041361214,0.00060988154,0.0012625608,0.0005503479,0.00009227622,0.0002366163,0.000039608803],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010919683,0.0006206051,0.01638327,0.00011336227,0.000107328306,0.00012316108,0.75951666,0.000015383343,0.004359534,0.050972544,0.02163979,0.14603919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015229709,0.00031457868,0.121847406,0.00024040544,0.0002158903,0.00015366284,0.07775334,0.002290394,0.001848839,0.04693816,0.74477404,0.002100334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018748976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001365658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7231342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005321031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001706632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993771},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082971638","doi":"10.1007/s11016-008-9175-4","title":"More worry and less love?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Interdisciplinary Cultural and Social Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Worry; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Psychoanalysis; Psychology","score_opus":0.07907542249994699,"score_gpt":0.3429499086005477,"score_spread":0.2638744861006007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082971638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8943667,0.0006033687,0.000039611416,0.005078595,0.00026491846,0.00007901035,0.0000016631168,0.000031878164,0.09953429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767312,0.0003848095,0.00029754912,0.00024319216,0.00014081645,0.0000027496787,2.0359342e-7,0.0000019335928,0.022197556],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991226,0.00005551214,0.00008071724,0.0001785603,0.00031465344,0.00024792456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997292,0.000040610947,0.00002908845,0.00005813647,0.00006003037,0.0000828999],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031707404,0.00006423924,0.00011060186,0.000019787485,0.0017483282,0.000038153412,0.00019281867,0.000029730752,0.00006384978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000097037904,0.00004661395,0.00003878951,0.0002949127,0.0017821091,0.0002675877,0.00011703935,0.00006198722,0.00006305369],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014785641,0.000091501,0.049986262,0.000010675298,0.000030798878,0.000089526846,0.84799063,0.000005832107,0.0010331229,0.07203885,0.012773355,0.015934687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003635424,0.00010704975,0.37039354,0.000031517247,0.000035590525,0.000032147702,0.2975803,0.00006022618,0.0003500127,0.008807416,0.321513,0.0007256454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008630636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006769547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5504103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033586795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043799744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99955124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094740987","doi":"10.1007/s11016-009-9269-7","title":"Defining Mental Disorder","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.024762438993256086,"score_gpt":0.2793574233095349,"score_spread":0.2545949843162788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094740987","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33070123,0.0029942305,0.00005872259,0.004013735,0.0025273925,0.00015868021,0.00002167165,0.00008755489,0.65943676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908841,0.000017151031,0.00044462646,0.0037167491,0.00011142728,0.000002541803,0.000004839722,0.0000022391864,0.0048162825],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994105,0.000013567916,0.00010025491,0.00012709976,0.00015052305,0.00019807005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997943,0.000009062592,0.000026653684,0.00009153784,0.000008925254,0.00006952611],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016474996,0.0000560472,0.00006090461,0.000032790114,0.00048145844,0.000075210606,0.0001269965,0.0000073797705,0.0025730773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000049396726,0.00004261212,0.000028004717,0.00003771814,0.000090929185,0.00016694271,0.000009018728,0.000047184494,0.00045404534],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000072252515,0.00007908384,0.0007998873,0.000006305911,0.0000015516612,8.6442554e-7,0.010122723,8.944796e-7,0.00003244698,0.9183119,0.012051136,0.058585983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018360544,0.00017714723,0.0023265416,0.000010606414,0.000004693996,0.0000032332302,0.0022035642,0.00011954033,0.000056501183,0.0065711713,0.98822004,0.00012335116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000084529296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015162992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97616893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008237816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001758207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101136671","doi":"10.1007/s11016-015-0023-z","title":"Carnap’s surprising views on the axiom of infinity","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Axiom; Infinity; Epistemology; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Geometry; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.32766121087631633,"score_gpt":0.39214579892169893,"score_spread":0.0644845880453826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101136671","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32788536,0.00009949472,0.00081772375,0.0015424947,0.00054367393,0.000086248256,0.0000036750807,0.000013822938,0.66900754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99862766,0.00000121177,0.00014964154,0.0007320505,0.00003695104,0.000006025962,1.5249617e-7,0.0000024733135,0.00044382244],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.998647,0.0003090095,0.00017299714,0.00023299195,0.0004051879,0.00023285844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989557,0.00029590158,0.0000848784,0.00048158574,0.000058242193,0.00012368213],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032466226,0.00007486801,0.00013100375,0.000040056086,0.00010234178,0.000020952557,0.0006947803,0.000029540206,0.00027392607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00083292683,0.00004054951,0.00005159825,0.0006411423,0.000994726,0.00007857904,0.00007859856,0.00013013917,0.00036235628],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012143306,0.0000515245,0.00014512203,6.742847e-7,0.0000030408644,0.0000026216876,0.0014702703,0.0000066765697,0.00087546225,0.9949565,0.00045547643,0.002020465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000385066,0.0005214473,0.013687994,0.000028214212,0.000026461521,0.000021878282,0.0010629623,0.00017152273,0.01495799,0.9065191,0.062339123,0.00027825002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014954699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007348915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67074233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015499967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041612602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46574777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113034274","doi":"10.1007/s11016-015-0006-0","title":"The Complexity of Poincaré","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Paul University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology; Poincaré conjecture; Mathematics; Mathematical physics","score_opus":0.27245339680096947,"score_gpt":0.2913854630083512,"score_spread":0.018932066207381748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113034274","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16905968,0.0013037508,0.00013791469,0.006660177,0.0025697292,0.00013451817,0.0000064432334,0.000038806338,0.820089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834829,0.0000055312844,0.00016116242,0.00027576715,0.00010320796,0.0000017970384,2.688912e-7,0.0000012934887,0.015968056],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993501,0.000019859757,0.00010011896,0.00007959238,0.0003312491,0.000119135606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995969,0.000026307245,0.000046740126,0.00014819547,0.00011138485,0.00007047702],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010394469,0.00003408449,0.000068588975,0.00002386571,0.00033814504,0.000028637465,0.00031789494,0.0000040464693,0.00013013597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014074154,0.00001753426,0.00002194246,0.000052995572,0.005639662,0.00014820507,0.000026184569,0.00003287593,0.00006722598],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041973244,0.000018359926,0.00004445694,0.0000023467285,0.000002085722,9.179831e-7,0.031324804,0.0000014885175,0.00043300574,0.93551236,0.027931213,0.004724789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007314954,0.000060862,0.00013081558,0.0000033036,0.000004050287,0.0000011742856,0.006485232,0.00008084989,0.00025358432,0.008537283,0.9843391,0.000030559062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023116972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044652435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9564079,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012572708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007525271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99706644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115149188","doi":"10.1007/s11016-012-9661-6","title":"Lamarck, Lamarckism, epigenetics and epigenetic inheritance","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Sexual Differentiation and Disorders","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Epigenetics; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Inheritance (genetic algorithm); Biology; Evolutionary biology; Epigenesis; Genetics; Philosophy; Epistemology; DNA methylation; Gene","score_opus":0.017740946000275377,"score_gpt":0.2663557158627947,"score_spread":0.24861476986251935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115149188","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98423404,0.0071930755,0.006204593,0.00010988222,0.00024164886,0.00009530256,0.0000052803425,0.000011366028,0.0019048195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959848,0.00037808158,0.0020868664,0.0005535342,0.00007975191,0.000011646145,0.00001952364,0.00000939268,0.00087642425],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917483,0.00004921937,0.00011596848,0.0002265757,0.00013864216,0.00029475003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995542,0.000010385686,0.000038627615,0.00022297092,0.000030957155,0.00014285637],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022440015,0.00010347511,0.000083320745,0.000029301054,0.00009254459,0.000028346753,0.00014605788,0.000052307238,0.00004545379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011122909,0.0000943386,0.000027992957,0.00012046252,0.00016037625,0.0000075717876,0.00009729461,0.000038540096,0.000022767535],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019417275,0.00016374544,0.21180134,0.000022752047,0.00002643237,6.080868e-7,0.00033899277,0.000020926485,0.7612895,0.0018330435,0.0012148179,0.023268476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005445743,0.0001897973,0.6735652,0.000005777166,0.00002955284,0.000013782673,0.0003645313,0.00014403035,0.19175552,0.00037778215,0.13255905,0.0004503826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005991874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013632951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56953394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003966898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021289172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3847016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2272670119","doi":"10.1007/s11016-016-0053-1","title":"Sexual selection re-examined","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Selection (genetic algorithm); Epistemology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0686041037088364,"score_gpt":0.362894043169165,"score_spread":0.2942899394603286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2272670119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95633996,0.00009433633,0.005350934,0.00094675005,0.001352283,0.00010406246,0.000006332332,0.00013342914,0.035671927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91143984,0.000001219116,0.0004947579,0.0002550631,0.00011193096,0.000034145178,8.854471e-7,0.000006244132,0.08765593],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989009,0.00011888474,0.0001427304,0.00040544177,0.00014436827,0.0002876647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994905,0.00007786891,0.000052074123,0.0002754185,0.000040251103,0.00006391513],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004813365,0.000085698324,0.00009081433,0.0001039023,0.00018714115,0.000009159963,0.000248769,0.0000709341,0.011368618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004085923,0.000056580524,0.000027841963,0.00025485357,0.00031968186,0.00017133616,0.000023079534,0.000073357725,0.003277745],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002168227,0.00086045737,0.29310942,0.000004240534,0.000062753024,0.00004964818,0.002247359,0.0000013941402,0.28957164,0.15561768,0.14871222,0.10954635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046702306,0.00025326776,0.9621347,0.0000032437063,0.000019761146,0.00005890965,0.000104542276,0.0000025804127,0.00052978867,0.0009364347,0.03535024,0.00013948802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018616543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034739187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6690253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034212047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019369774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99749833},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2310507998","doi":"10.1007/s11016-011-9526-4","title":"Does mathematics have a life of its own?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Mathematics education; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04413388987027252,"score_gpt":0.2661096337761421,"score_spread":0.22197574390586958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2310507998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65132904,0.0000438839,0.29923677,0.00019068288,0.0002206312,0.00040416647,0.000088057364,0.000033399196,0.048453342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99418795,0.0000020242314,0.005420365,0.000017998495,0.00002105148,0.000023300192,8.713159e-7,0.0000038659346,0.00032259786],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994969,0.000006923648,0.00014605235,0.00012240678,0.000115210976,0.00011255431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956065,0.000016743561,0.000096793796,0.00021825291,0.000048902817,0.000058627913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017803318,0.00005592365,0.000100965975,0.00002448217,0.00005715077,0.000010042651,0.0002406663,0.000008454823,0.0006464111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010412952,0.000031789026,0.000047287223,0.00012942588,0.00004143875,0.0000679839,0.00004626861,0.000034648456,0.000057400557],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.8784618e-7,0.00013682403,0.00045617935,0.0000070656815,0.0000088781435,6.418018e-8,0.00062095776,5.536716e-7,0.0072231116,0.9901165,0.000047374007,0.0013822347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017403635,0.00004594535,0.0010421319,0.000023922756,0.00005538005,2.8383218e-7,0.0016149146,0.01289189,0.29105303,0.68838954,0.004489503,0.0002194305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031591575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011284234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34285885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000016993398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003130732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7077748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2319038986","doi":"10.1007/s11016-012-9724-8","title":"On chance","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.09918585476261797,"score_gpt":0.23687186578304653,"score_spread":0.13768601102042854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2319038986","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.111026295,0.00039226506,0.000074188814,0.0006444879,0.0023342182,0.00005245681,0.0000048845245,0.000060361606,0.88541085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892696,0.0000026263367,0.00010324008,0.0014080683,0.00040425747,0.000005559127,2.3382736e-7,0.000002443945,0.008803949],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993051,0.000013481884,0.00006400565,0.00012601186,0.0002420587,0.00024932637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996869,0.000028281094,0.000030232022,0.00014764383,0.00001964999,0.00008727265],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037148484,0.000058928792,0.000061280654,0.000057364894,0.00051672466,0.0000530556,0.00025826483,0.0000071618847,0.0015257874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003814839,0.000044599707,0.00003025615,0.000050880608,0.0006594956,0.0006368021,0.000020220245,0.00005419138,0.0014203064],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013381599,0.00003803938,0.000013180659,0.0000012788556,6.4548016e-7,2.59721e-7,0.006863815,0.0000011065467,0.0003627294,0.98972964,0.0019182483,0.0010697378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004806035,0.00007083727,0.00034920653,0.0000065904583,0.0000036969236,0.0000014818655,0.00022547526,0.000028898085,0.00073933066,0.018973274,0.97942364,0.00012948966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014263721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010005602,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9775054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017512504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010001794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99938697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323025783","doi":"10.1007/s11016-010-9353-z","title":"Pillow talk","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.015331267621627023,"score_gpt":0.2691365975733746,"score_spread":0.2538053299517476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2323025783","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9634282,0.000020444448,0.00025561597,0.00013001636,0.0007442598,0.00007239071,0.000009392648,0.00015690159,0.035182778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98746455,4.0164358e-7,0.01039695,0.00014056855,0.000047447553,0.0000073008355,7.504078e-7,0.000013671279,0.0019283906],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989154,0.000021580061,0.000090376016,0.00026998945,0.00041227986,0.0002904195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.00003051891,0.000039815986,0.000456302,0.000050318995,0.00011918408],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009826543,0.00007526972,0.000081673395,0.00008274387,0.00013796262,0.00007174844,0.00055949023,0.00002214121,0.0010548829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004853339,0.000059276346,0.000039936815,0.0007433873,0.00039036083,0.0003398868,0.00007827903,0.00016764307,0.0131388875],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010242138,0.000022634687,0.0010948263,6.1297624e-7,0.0000012468762,0.000005891613,0.000049423765,0.0000036148,0.9905882,0.0046139453,0.0014901096,0.0021285033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023453875,0.000036557034,0.051495906,0.0000024100357,0.000016780197,0.00008361774,0.00003408191,0.00194575,0.3467564,0.0022386466,0.5968581,0.0002972152],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004951186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012398246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6438318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009487872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046056517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2412281662","doi":"10.1007/s11016-016-0094-5","title":"The burdens of proof","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Burden of proof; Epistemology; Environmental ethics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.049007268483185595,"score_gpt":0.3966685613835482,"score_spread":0.34766129290036263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2412281662","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06458402,0.00018965549,0.0029466834,0.46861595,0.0015579816,0.000268442,0.000004077187,0.000037902995,0.4617953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97626626,0.000040590297,0.0003579911,0.00016039563,0.000052160194,0.000007208149,3.5294015e-8,9.810138e-7,0.023114376],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993474,0.000100366175,0.0000957307,0.000067754074,0.00027211633,0.00011663139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903876,0.0005400731,0.000078164965,0.00013241256,0.00017998136,0.00003058989],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018495574,0.000020645099,0.000029107154,0.000021695549,0.00057376263,0.000056477144,0.00028710702,0.000011346588,0.00024122081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003515136,0.000009560127,0.000016367649,0.00052648404,0.00066133094,0.00037281445,0.0000100761745,0.00003448917,0.000052833628],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015551874,0.000019637508,0.0006611816,5.8005145e-7,0.0000026688958,7.375627e-8,0.0055238856,2.2687807e-7,0.007232006,0.9263139,0.005857791,0.054386493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025323709,0.0000061459455,0.0012340283,0.0000026898117,0.0000023062096,1.722249e-7,0.0015451232,9.538226e-7,0.004161361,0.006017498,0.9869815,0.00002286189],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000504177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060012424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98112375,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018828709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047499273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44129765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2461031873","doi":"10.1007/s11016-016-0106-5","title":"Between complexity and harmony: Peter Harrison on science and religion","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of technology; Harmony (color); Philosophy; Epistemology; Environmental ethics; Art","score_opus":0.15105697839087195,"score_gpt":0.3000768375654483,"score_spread":0.14901985917457633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2461031873","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9725105,0.000058464255,0.0001763357,0.0066923364,0.00035911135,0.00009604622,0.000010182861,0.000037374797,0.020059634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99704075,0.000023107425,0.0002490877,0.0005963791,0.000116306626,0.000004092946,3.13699e-7,0.000002397675,0.0019675703],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988474,0.000028558476,0.000111400026,0.00034935906,0.0004409854,0.000222284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944925,0.000073214374,0.000050261144,0.00015793048,0.0001354471,0.0001339065],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011487168,0.00007525558,0.00008644671,0.00014796294,0.0008854015,0.00029655048,0.00020778713,0.000010788667,0.00013964449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026990817,0.00004363812,0.000012207725,0.00012654315,0.004051105,0.00075649837,0.000063069965,0.0000423311,0.00006897224],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000066091993,0.000036619418,0.012449012,0.000007812984,0.0000023556984,5.1022437e-7,0.010031301,9.454394e-8,0.012831277,0.92405015,0.009309338,0.031274926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044055624,0.00036583253,0.43340555,0.00007315628,0.000020326901,0.0000066016546,0.0010895919,0.00022953896,0.0064710537,0.031074716,0.5263796,0.00044351214],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008185515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000061511884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89297545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044347526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007222721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2487504931","doi":"10.1007/s11016-016-0095-4","title":"Philosophy of social science from an analytic perspective","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Perspective (graphical); Philosophy; Philosophy of computer science; Sociology; Social philosophy; Western philosophy; Social science; Computer science; Social relation","score_opus":0.09864270898336194,"score_gpt":0.41027498547500785,"score_spread":0.31163227649164593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2487504931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5137914,0.00013374841,0.000999041,0.0107916305,0.00031918357,0.00015214155,0.000033979624,0.000066518995,0.47371238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985892,0.000019063973,0.00032045867,0.00028619176,0.00020812049,0.0000032328026,2.545938e-7,0.0000026049436,0.00057087786],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977158,0.0006549554,0.00017432036,0.0004404552,0.00070872327,0.00030578478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983487,0.0007718768,0.00017469078,0.00022076158,0.00032327886,0.00016069367],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004762498,0.000082739985,0.00018347605,0.00009464208,0.0011178807,0.00005941648,0.0009838075,0.000054547632,0.00086752203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0032667283,0.00005310472,0.00008141335,0.0011065097,0.0070920056,0.0020360984,0.000086984786,0.00008458314,0.000051390274],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025828644,0.000056431636,0.0009692036,4.2519375e-7,0.000006581467,0.0000018257962,0.01520851,1.0618127e-7,0.015634274,0.9641198,0.000013256847,0.003963737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028159725,0.00016926957,0.020056488,0.000012540418,0.000033957756,3.588504e-7,0.01935194,0.000009946631,0.0035816384,0.9369846,0.019265262,0.00025239759],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00081029197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003758178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48479784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012943112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042540548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956101},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2521726451","doi":"10.1007/s11016-016-0119-0","title":"Snipping or editing? Parsimony in the chimpanzee mind-reading debate","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Reading (process); Philosophy; Epistemology; History of science; Linguistics","score_opus":0.04679802153603341,"score_gpt":0.3219153924720445,"score_spread":0.2751173709360111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2521726451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9695125,0.000096478754,0.00065679953,0.0038368418,0.0007330988,0.00014086807,0.0000026826547,0.00003031222,0.024990402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952311,0.000007241192,0.0006294457,0.0008337133,0.0001626424,0.000017051918,4.2302815e-7,0.000006583052,0.0031118202],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859095,0.00015200522,0.00020637168,0.0003654923,0.0002455177,0.00043965143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992921,0.00032411373,0.00007754393,0.00024158724,0.000015486248,0.000049181643],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001610966,0.00010848953,0.00013375575,0.00009319675,0.00017657752,0.00005144292,0.0004959164,0.000031622854,0.0009672384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039406097,0.000047598947,0.000040556446,0.00045962507,0.00013195505,0.00011854053,0.0000588256,0.00012053534,0.00053995586],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014743248,0.00037828792,0.27411178,0.000018086961,0.00006965832,0.0005953391,0.04669749,0.000011193698,0.045108624,0.024334459,0.012812011,0.59571564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006188933,0.000110717396,0.8211589,0.0001605197,0.000013151821,0.00011139843,0.0017809662,0.000028361797,0.0011314594,0.00024171967,0.17438647,0.00025747088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003286437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035719815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59545815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027791784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038432783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2619490351","doi":"10.1007/s11016-017-0201-2","title":"Hume’s science of man as a Newtonian artefact","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology; History of science","score_opus":0.07410375819383386,"score_gpt":0.30470831865474934,"score_spread":0.2306045604609155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2619490351","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5719362,0.00007504967,0.00001950238,0.0015301716,0.0011186206,0.00008605841,0.0000031741554,0.000021051723,0.42521018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737682,0.0000093555955,0.0002680222,0.0003280181,0.00012547242,0.0000032174496,1.7709024e-7,0.0000032876776,0.025494257],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842846,0.000009226038,0.00017128863,0.0003147894,0.0007468963,0.0003293127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987784,0.000015100329,0.0001966098,0.0006832946,0.00015977144,0.0001668081],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012508049,0.000089912355,0.00016707467,0.00018197251,0.00266819,0.00029397014,0.0015863003,0.000011200023,0.0014038163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004128231,0.000065444285,0.000050168208,0.00007582279,0.011637799,0.001375968,0.000116957744,0.00007265746,0.0002829494],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016083623,0.00017727927,0.0010293615,0.00004359569,0.000010566347,0.00003716934,0.09385389,0.0000034556028,0.19135353,0.6550946,0.006407168,0.051973257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000352132,0.00037543368,0.0092702415,0.00008788723,0.000030283902,0.000015019816,0.0052874424,0.00025332646,0.022887507,0.0038645302,0.9572888,0.00028742134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001030937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037623633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9508816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030775227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030380534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2736463866","doi":"10.1007/s11016-017-0233-7","title":"Complexity and its context in science and religion","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Context (archaeology); Philosophy; History of science; Sociology; Biology","score_opus":0.19489842404918123,"score_gpt":0.3315007801285443,"score_spread":0.13660235607936305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2736463866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95754576,0.00033562467,0.0000055787364,0.003038087,0.0003846406,0.00008268983,0.0000018288197,0.000009902329,0.038595904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984611,0.000038687675,0.00006449025,0.00029678078,0.000033068867,0.000003348071,1.2817169e-7,0.0000010560367,0.0011013286],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992464,0.0000143156685,0.00008590235,0.00023595063,0.00025665833,0.00016077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995477,0.000017251845,0.00006143657,0.00016974949,0.0001314086,0.00007241899],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013282174,0.00004681748,0.00006789164,0.000104117484,0.0018275955,0.00074415375,0.0003138468,0.00000755294,0.000055432763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060759153,0.000037096706,0.000005933651,0.00005539801,0.0038371931,0.0012635214,0.00010128178,0.000047379766,0.00001695455],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000012115077,0.000012477608,0.002711185,0.0000032556475,1.931258e-7,3.717313e-7,0.009491324,1.1789658e-7,0.0010040231,0.98291844,0.0002634691,0.0035939086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005730715,0.00011644099,0.783855,0.000058542973,0.000007811567,0.000016489004,0.010352425,0.01835444,0.0016637372,0.044094536,0.14048971,0.00041776974],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00073107536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024444845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93882394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025398165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009006432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994719},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886440668","doi":"10.1007/s11016-018-0339-6","title":"Physics and the manifest image of time","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Science and Climate Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Physics","score_opus":0.00729306739737702,"score_gpt":0.22448954919192654,"score_spread":0.21719648179454953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2886440668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8841391,0.00003825869,0.00039951093,0.0005169999,0.00006820203,0.00009390652,0.0000019967151,0.000011109765,0.114730865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997765,0.000030347004,0.0013127445,0.00019117743,0.000026547497,0.0000033611184,7.54209e-8,0.0000018289016,0.0006689372],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992904,0.000027139853,0.00008493855,0.00017502355,0.00026937205,0.0001531151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967945,0.000057868834,0.000047833262,0.00017840501,0.000010125034,0.000026294338],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007038533,0.00005343573,0.00008943357,0.0000059843014,0.00025501687,0.000024501069,0.00030623996,0.0000070338424,0.0006757684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071032424,0.000028390343,0.00002306899,0.00032913566,0.006044621,0.00023834247,0.0003005644,0.000024891899,0.00076162873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010031664,0.00022504186,0.098072745,0.00002098517,0.000035378074,0.000007555053,0.018829025,0.000043072454,0.7935136,0.02167086,0.016290925,0.051190507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026635951,0.0006714489,0.649541,0.000038565002,0.00017118857,0.00006583093,0.00455732,0.025746087,0.24386176,0.05553139,0.016239753,0.0009120581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011076221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018117169,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55146825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007129843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034553423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99666035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911648568","doi":"10.1007/s11016-019-00389-y","title":"Response to critics: how religious beliefs distort historical understanding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.05012162897057383,"score_gpt":0.3100789459292446,"score_spread":0.2599573169586708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2911648568","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20933476,0.00074489706,0.046672225,0.114590995,0.005081715,0.00071555417,0.000032396736,0.00028927648,0.6225382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9472183,0.000017318716,0.0016802099,0.0015905838,0.000115147996,0.0000059676804,5.101465e-7,0.0000052441865,0.049366698],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981335,0.00023315335,0.00012189884,0.0003070599,0.0007433815,0.0004610126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882936,0.00047702965,0.000042123607,0.00023327793,0.000084836836,0.00033334596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015302983,0.000091544236,0.00015769452,0.00010530324,0.0006066121,0.00011016852,0.00041261467,0.00004382914,0.00008335293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012650999,0.00008849757,0.00006723898,0.00056544883,0.0006381648,0.00021426352,0.000060848804,0.00009469176,0.00023243796],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002328782,0.000016485894,0.0012649946,0.000001929408,0.0000029232542,0.000009184008,0.0031689703,0.000014342676,0.00069039065,0.9844647,0.010274902,0.0000678716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006270247,0.000072245064,0.00024038518,0.000009551462,0.000007142405,0.0000023566315,0.0027209881,0.0000055840455,0.000029331024,0.0015710316,0.99512637,0.00015229612],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014380481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022802726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9848515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023770484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013377875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6215899},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921204526","doi":"10.1007/s11016-019-00386-1","title":"A syllabus of (some of) Gingras’ errors","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Syllabus; Philosophy; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.04589407396873112,"score_gpt":0.2977868953527147,"score_spread":0.25189282138398356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2921204526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774539,0.000114025184,0.0011514383,0.000024611449,0.00023026,0.00014861237,0.000004201031,0.000023865432,0.020849116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9730481,0.000003647156,0.022638833,0.000020066536,0.000008097389,0.0000023401685,1.7899114e-7,0.000008432341,0.004270289],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990173,0.000053906562,0.00030371614,0.00014385524,0.00033669424,0.00014450256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988773,0.00033030278,0.00025401707,0.00043777542,0.00006128142,0.00003936062],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012125782,0.00008382888,0.00030394172,0.00010105609,0.00003245622,0.000003601859,0.0003825353,0.00003035961,0.00037658933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00049248344,0.000067700625,0.00008905011,0.00026381877,0.00023825234,0.00013931683,0.000048764658,0.00005929375,0.000088275796],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008733715,0.0001588897,0.0002440095,0.00047447166,0.00001859825,0.0000010945072,0.0027672625,0.000012375973,0.041566137,0.9538863,0.00028277427,0.00057939143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035748855,0.00017330438,0.00018908149,0.0001817879,0.000068468784,0.000011940972,0.0005889973,0.00048499744,0.093490385,0.89897907,0.005252615,0.00022185766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000035151565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010185064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.054907184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000139981385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043240965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4123389},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048807568","doi":"10.1007/s11016-020-00558-4","title":"Watt as an ‘improver’ and chemist","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Chemist; Philosophy of science; Watt; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Engineering; Chemistry; Epistemology; Physics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.060859857792973995,"score_gpt":0.24255679995705096,"score_spread":0.18169694216407695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3048807568","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7703303,0.00030281243,0.000034079807,0.007108033,0.00033398665,0.000084070554,0.000004190379,0.000070723385,0.22173177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845207,0.000011581685,0.00013595584,0.0067906277,0.0002960284,0.0000026355149,0.0000010117341,0.0000029694284,0.008238493],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993471,0.000006793603,0.00007439506,0.00022544141,0.00020699241,0.00013926452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963945,0.000008562338,0.000023694494,0.00008955717,0.000028488905,0.00021024035],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019543277,0.000057810124,0.00008445255,0.000017444789,0.000304856,0.000081723345,0.00018908648,0.00000817514,0.0012847604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079306315,0.000041895368,0.000013919519,0.00004360179,0.0009088241,0.00043433343,0.000026918175,0.000051585186,0.00013648512],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029439163,0.000115095805,0.000205537,0.00008667498,0.000010835852,0.000047078975,0.4146984,0.0000019631493,0.2448917,0.22789364,0.03139262,0.08062702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000113258764,0.00019916662,0.00005085051,0.0000037819605,0.0000081750995,0.0000032086868,0.004142621,0.00025731983,0.0026503175,0.00030017464,0.99218535,0.00008576936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010080093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034379056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9607927,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000066041753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035876157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996282},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3049754657","doi":"10.1007/s11016-020-00561-9","title":"The logic and politics of cosmology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Cosmology; Epistemology; Philosophy; Politics; Theoretical physics; Physics; Political science; Astronomy; Law","score_opus":0.09102084888545457,"score_gpt":0.27724058640590865,"score_spread":0.18621973752045407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3049754657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47198588,0.021771913,0.00023233866,0.14469263,0.0008624286,0.00027976054,0.000024197087,0.000055932505,0.36009493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966025,0.0006190624,0.000051473366,0.0019737822,0.00008225178,0.0000014106862,9.06995e-8,0.0000013753543,0.0006680991],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999623,0.000023707078,0.0000887127,0.00007862362,0.000081156315,0.000104781284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999641,0.00018338147,0.000050379724,0.000055242992,0.00004213937,0.000027837708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015532323,0.000034736997,0.00007505067,0.000005879088,0.00051857054,0.000063066895,0.0001213243,0.0000055219125,0.000028206028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020420144,0.00001823934,0.000016465883,0.000021590755,0.0009203819,0.000058817786,0.0000665147,0.000038027873,0.000010805323],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015619402,0.00000400987,0.000065583976,0.000005965427,0.0000067586275,6.7741644e-7,0.0072728815,0.0000013063955,0.00005024828,0.98892725,0.0030350538,0.00062870304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000047742444,0.00015302526,0.000094396695,0.0000011809859,0.0000131531615,0.0000014904773,0.0041602165,0.0001478161,0.000049144044,0.025260035,0.9700341,0.000037648035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015693856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000081981256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9669991,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000013880941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000075044763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39884776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164774911","doi":"10.1007/bf02914831","title":"Reviews","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of King's College; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.1300132508652705,"score_gpt":0.3560155030815795,"score_spread":0.22600225221630899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3164774911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5098828,0.016472282,0.008333672,0.0009308079,0.0008801983,0.0008430197,0.000009053981,0.00054470095,0.46210346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94372934,0.0011591079,0.027878826,0.0017561855,0.00014205884,0.000062376326,0.0000020898103,0.000037464462,0.025232548],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990962,0.00007404505,0.00013234679,0.00021541036,0.00024774254,0.00023425308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947816,0.000015740583,0.000051134215,0.00035518996,0.000023306915,0.00007647463],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016602031,0.00006283462,0.00011640947,0.000059510843,0.00008839496,0.000035330548,0.0003788114,0.000008887609,0.00082217896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042855545,0.000045424615,0.000045944482,0.0011947734,0.00013165023,0.00027065564,0.000043526525,0.000044468645,0.05061698],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013580203,0.00020919814,0.023729391,0.00001554925,0.000007889576,0.00008169306,0.00059914123,0.000052137835,0.57590157,0.014853497,0.1799225,0.20461385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000045382247,0.000009019637,0.0048770215,0.0000053772183,0.0000057548555,0.00002845406,0.0000055959454,0.0001830805,0.0016343659,0.0002955903,0.9928397,0.00007067095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016099217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011964847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8129172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023713505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001645606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95012224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256571627","doi":"10.1007/bf02913503","title":"Reviews","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.06409321716964544,"score_gpt":0.3217132010179107,"score_spread":0.25761998384826523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256571627","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43117777,0.007798281,0.00023453594,0.00030625722,0.00019585199,0.00044961114,0.000011407856,0.00028711127,0.5595392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8274433,0.0013943532,0.03982166,0.002975305,0.00016484328,0.00009442378,0.0000037647508,0.00005648037,0.12804587],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999126,0.00008019176,0.00013085626,0.00021667845,0.00023197373,0.000214289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995277,0.000012006508,0.00002663455,0.00035122538,0.000011723415,0.00007070915],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013124855,0.00006183224,0.000113730246,0.00003505541,0.00008807846,0.000034676323,0.00036902793,0.000008667066,0.011609814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012549384,0.000044764158,0.00004645341,0.00083141064,0.00014299422,0.00025447455,0.0000146213115,0.000043401407,0.16783972],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000069982066,0.00008937693,0.0007515908,0.000008706001,0.0000033751066,0.000010329057,0.0003838335,0.00006824487,0.09381987,0.0023088192,0.104418226,0.79813063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041488383,0.000008615241,0.002283517,0.0000053495864,0.000005428091,0.000007738488,0.0000018933305,0.00017777181,0.0022163577,0.00020209642,0.99498135,0.00006841055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015760139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048149327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89056313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017620263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015541249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9892937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283077701","doi":"10.1007/s11016-022-00768-y","title":"Do the objections of Darwin’s critics indicate the use of a proportional analogy in the Origin?","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Philosophy of technology; Darwin (ADL); Philosophy; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Origin of species; Computer science","score_opus":0.24983480733695257,"score_gpt":0.32581588826211527,"score_spread":0.0759810809251627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283077701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810139,0.00007252463,0.00009564548,0.011785601,0.0010333066,0.0002880168,0.000061870676,0.0000067493875,0.005642371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986871,0.000004044106,0.00006064469,0.00057870935,0.000041299354,0.000051735944,0.000002336684,0.0000012386041,0.0005728983],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989564,0.00020181201,0.00018779536,0.00009991217,0.00045020063,0.00010391956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935573,0.00021040851,0.000113494134,0.00022626025,0.00008351592,0.0000105915315],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014500769,0.00003697003,0.00005510812,0.00009001263,0.00094880816,0.00006764669,0.00051460916,0.000005851762,0.0013330921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020172547,0.000016737797,0.000038051,0.0003953277,0.0013736162,0.00016428871,0.000051788644,0.00018218115,0.0000025321358],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022264624,0.00013438455,0.0018492449,0.0000021952533,0.0000029128817,2.4777705e-7,0.06334325,0.00042760657,0.00026154978,0.9308605,0.0026141934,0.00050168653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000978248,0.00011128933,0.08188782,0.000003760132,0.000030492798,0.000021745776,0.09424327,0.0018329606,0.000116621566,0.011820274,0.80974424,0.000089727444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064589555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012905785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9190402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001661609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021265922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99957985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294679786","doi":"10.1007/s11016-022-00797-7","title":"The assessment of standards","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology; Engineering ethics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011524837948700661,"score_gpt":0.35251034004877174,"score_spread":0.34098550210007106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294679786","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6020536,0.00067818083,0.0022365137,0.010619988,0.002977893,0.00043063163,0.00021155816,0.00005391385,0.38073772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972559,0.000049327584,0.00046050936,0.000116905045,0.000028057539,0.0000115750745,2.4111546e-7,0.0000013907003,0.002076093],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99820596,0.00016174557,0.000090504785,0.00009133024,0.0012854809,0.00016500338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963623,0.000055109096,0.000079353296,0.00013677054,0.00006574656,0.000026776363],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028495535,0.00002889427,0.000053743115,0.000013109973,0.0017726477,0.000043636253,0.0005675533,0.000006155683,0.00046510564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012196292,0.000018546732,0.000032295957,0.00037360573,0.0004259428,0.000118321994,0.00011881873,0.00008381431,5.62184e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000063983034,0.00003327121,0.020304672,0.0000031627035,0.000013471319,0.0000028460097,0.011513378,0.00066705194,0.0030156923,0.9051005,0.03322342,0.026116084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003957752,0.000031683256,0.01656798,6.4633304e-7,0.0000027253552,3.230452e-7,0.003602492,0.000058259375,0.0003027942,0.0038504067,0.97551084,0.00003224854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045944744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016836965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94228745,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013370694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005735362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995269},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313479700","doi":"10.1007/s11016-022-00830-9","title":"A smorgasbord of essays on metaphor and analogy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Metaphor; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.03802499029156803,"score_gpt":0.32501402463892154,"score_spread":0.2869890343473535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313479700","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9559112,0.00048487444,0.00033589042,0.0002177584,0.00050853734,0.000120065,0.000023041477,0.000069363414,0.042329263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973343,0.000046127643,0.00021564952,0.00033170442,0.000024733738,0.00002419831,0.0000063105194,0.0000076202955,0.0020093601],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989012,0.00013369345,0.00016891006,0.00032779423,0.00022262098,0.00024580408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993886,0.0001498888,0.000071666705,0.00028361147,0.00004323369,0.000063003725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081645505,0.000091373855,0.00019627229,0.00026449864,0.00006981315,0.000014436806,0.00018823404,0.00004356929,0.0005975436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014130084,0.00007070962,0.000054254062,0.0010451331,0.00022361171,0.0000641663,0.00004372074,0.00007913584,0.00037210938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002869314,0.0006929593,0.011175529,0.00010367839,0.00042660916,0.0003911989,0.021034185,0.000021642056,0.11307965,0.4835964,0.014233284,0.35495794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003173644,0.0018701645,0.84188986,0.000068412424,0.00058560824,0.00014556086,0.013649682,0.0006886415,0.041175846,0.06684211,0.028902322,0.0010081329],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012509368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017610364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83071434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000052050295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015454805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6542683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379513323","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00878-1","title":"The Port Royal Logic and its scholastic past","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Historical Philosophy and Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Port (circuit theory); Epistemology; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.09077820731316842,"score_gpt":0.2480411972743543,"score_spread":0.15726298996118587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379513323","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30529565,0.0019519684,0.00010018333,0.014160235,0.0049574943,0.00034209643,0.000023148037,0.00042687106,0.67274237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.968388,0.000025130143,0.000010656927,0.00022621788,0.00019955079,0.0000075941853,3.5330137e-7,0.00000247456,0.031139981],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914247,0.000028414534,0.00010337159,0.00020348528,0.0002879444,0.00023432703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995695,0.00015360936,0.000029790306,0.00012055892,0.000048982456,0.00007757731],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006722571,0.00006310942,0.00006786506,0.000041955882,0.0016598636,0.0002625004,0.00032157917,0.000010101574,0.00011033028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002329598,0.000034790864,0.000025658692,0.00017701945,0.0005827958,0.00019186587,0.00007970499,0.000087847766,0.0005617088],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017091255,0.000009378526,0.0000296135,0.000002930235,0.0000017537827,0.0000070490987,0.0019012562,0.000020703219,0.00010590404,0.99028206,0.0066106236,0.0010270013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006642382,0.0000924775,0.0012795553,0.0000052411947,0.000008983079,0.0000026587772,0.00048661817,0.00299533,0.000027657223,0.04539129,0.9494997,0.00014400986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010976116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002371722,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9448908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011489765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018777917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381853853","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00866-5","title":"A burning question","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Science, Research, and Medicine","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Environment and Protected Areas","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.07502117586117739,"score_gpt":0.4229392722113084,"score_spread":0.347918096350131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381853853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774144,0.00020126638,0.0011338551,0.0036446464,0.00038257468,0.00019295531,7.550854e-7,0.00022919399,0.016800337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98567957,0.000113485345,0.0008347144,0.000600425,0.00013067035,0.000014155418,0.0000039723805,0.0000047857993,0.012618216],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99847454,0.00003202031,0.000110060784,0.00025278865,0.0007787173,0.00035189543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993782,0.000063840365,0.000022575407,0.00021803852,0.000089320376,0.00022804068],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002267927,0.000058134403,0.00012575029,0.00029106348,0.00014136435,0.000020945428,0.00014964821,0.000021556385,0.00013208463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012414687,0.00003955605,0.000036517147,0.0021640465,0.0002799117,0.00012342412,0.00005201329,0.000119026656,0.0006640976],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006688828,0.00012172405,0.06750879,0.00012462957,0.000020149566,0.00066248764,0.002890947,0.00007455731,0.7055394,0.007873974,0.01605067,0.19906576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001775133,0.0008573211,0.7958401,0.00032997224,0.00007670917,0.00036661018,0.0021708766,0.030699033,0.041513134,0.0013262164,0.124753475,0.0002914404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006442215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038833637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72833127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030132003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014570054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85358524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383618824","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00896-z","title":"From theory to experience, in James’ voice","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Cognitive science; Psychology","score_opus":0.07792212632777905,"score_gpt":0.2966298802556234,"score_spread":0.21870775392784436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383618824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662312,0.0000313907,0.00026292884,0.0012590856,0.0005782508,0.00006898752,0.000012739275,0.000069296686,0.031486068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9775689,0.000003097218,0.00016546415,0.0036359618,0.00022662705,0.000046308633,0.0000041095473,0.0000036660153,0.018345814],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991397,0.000070209775,0.00012960102,0.00026864398,0.00016088471,0.00023094776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952066,0.00018633033,0.000020775497,0.0001826017,0.000023583907,0.00006601962],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046126914,0.000068426096,0.00013136168,0.00019424879,0.00019171504,0.000079118916,0.0003148427,0.00001788185,0.005584871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001789552,0.00005099659,0.000045913803,0.00044092943,0.00029929678,0.00016322803,0.000099371784,0.00006761286,0.002476667],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024964995,0.00009407784,0.0007430277,0.0000037001564,0.000022794198,0.000050520448,0.36436263,0.00009472872,0.0029490313,0.58036345,0.024543444,0.026747609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000090659625,0.000025777075,0.0058500944,0.000007996327,0.000014216539,1.6209972e-7,0.013931533,0.00034725343,0.00039561302,0.03898656,0.94020224,0.00014789082],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00089845643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001908436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9156588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010089908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014690007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385788717","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00897-y","title":"Rorty, Brandom, and women","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Pragmatism in Philosophy and Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.04384916342500757,"score_gpt":0.2385207231356377,"score_spread":0.19467155971063016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385788717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91036826,0.00009166095,0.000013581361,0.0018072639,0.0007431748,0.00006335555,0.0000060865855,0.00010344413,0.08680316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929318,0.000029672032,0.00003090069,0.0002989135,0.00015900946,0.00002596359,0.000001956527,0.0000027647584,0.0065190643],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953765,0.000017279861,0.00006912249,0.00011415653,0.000108533546,0.00015324504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978197,0.000048275655,0.000020442256,0.00008893431,0.000015884334,0.00004448452],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004273991,0.00004184492,0.00006046868,0.00006775332,0.00030117575,0.00013114045,0.000096210046,0.0000071049158,0.0005782929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051230214,0.000032557684,0.000011310324,0.000086548185,0.00022492965,0.0002841844,0.00003512719,0.00003130364,0.00033049454],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004522793,0.000017272343,0.00013839977,0.000016252061,0.0000067268797,0.0000017961471,0.08373256,0.0000030997958,0.00025170358,0.8962723,0.006002622,0.013552764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033909606,0.00006014853,0.005877499,0.000011921975,0.000010543803,0.0000044192584,0.0066363434,0.00050960487,0.0002171829,0.41910765,0.5670213,0.00020428708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002939797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011851533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5610187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007763495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014381443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63319016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386988603","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00907-z","title":"Single-minded animals sharing intentionality and norms","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Intentionality; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.09279558130557276,"score_gpt":0.3459085151635728,"score_spread":0.25311293385800004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386988603","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98462445,0.00007572142,0.00056440395,0.0012070736,0.00017813695,0.000085974585,0.0000027590008,0.00011839167,0.01314309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99499536,0.000028322887,0.00027401338,0.00008433278,0.000057475914,0.000008396411,0.0000026127382,0.0000020701486,0.0045474013],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990829,0.00009627684,0.000104367566,0.00022222039,0.00029523048,0.00019901035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966073,0.000077797435,0.000030937223,0.000090740614,0.000070440714,0.00006937689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024144384,0.00004608698,0.00006346067,0.00006380835,0.0007536668,0.00011131641,0.00019744213,0.00002651127,0.0001677567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000501648,0.000041496598,0.000022905859,0.00076934154,0.00044965526,0.00040997335,0.00008282972,0.000047494024,0.00012795858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009735058,0.000033466924,0.016385635,0.000006097691,0.000006063823,0.000003767555,0.0057127574,0.000037958504,0.03521671,0.9305062,0.00018003593,0.011901568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037497337,0.00014816633,0.61346173,0.0000473096,0.0000318727,0.000008699148,0.009513361,0.0055733877,0.0038987068,0.31195796,0.05445653,0.0005272801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001478843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003081104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6185483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003511915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004572995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5796672},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388409363","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00930-0","title":"Thinking through illustration","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Capilano University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.16799386443808223,"score_gpt":0.42941767695321315,"score_spread":0.2614238125151309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388409363","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84967506,0.000028168972,0.0039687324,0.003493435,0.0038559006,0.00013588044,0.0000034573754,0.00034316693,0.13849618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98046386,0.00000951861,0.0005179111,0.001043313,0.000060931085,0.0000227852,0.00000219944,0.0000042065476,0.017875297],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990071,0.00006704514,0.00010124742,0.000288377,0.0003065407,0.0002297114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995196,0.00011740993,0.000041590094,0.00026142222,0.000023489678,0.000036505713],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007034356,0.000056652927,0.00005996544,0.0000768264,0.00027257792,0.00007875268,0.00034824957,0.000022296193,0.0007201786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017285523,0.000049382972,0.000027683105,0.0014874229,0.00019870861,0.0002740742,0.000042161755,0.00007065621,0.0024006714],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000078054745,0.00021146232,0.013791881,0.000006536491,0.000007229631,0.0000289501,0.03740039,0.00015282092,0.05185816,0.8154539,0.06327696,0.017803928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004148581,0.00017559712,0.5090743,0.000016975297,0.00002210454,0.000079935104,0.011649891,0.0019351152,0.014128876,0.033348586,0.4286342,0.0005195851],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005086107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008315079,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78210527,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011957691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032381653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983761},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388656210","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00932-y","title":"Understanding why we are confused","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Educational Leadership and Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.6787481236567251,"score_gpt":0.448275139737358,"score_spread":0.2304729839193671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388656210","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05083641,0.00054266676,0.0032628065,0.6055338,0.003911161,0.00036625736,0.000012079229,0.0006374361,0.33489737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908188,0.00022490873,0.00021600706,0.0013573954,0.00016201052,0.0000078623425,0.0000013336503,0.000003844552,0.007207826],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870265,0.00020760005,0.000083486666,0.00018647384,0.00052983273,0.00028996106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890524,0.000763687,0.0000769169,0.00010711746,0.000042201726,0.000104809435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022262228,0.000049881586,0.00006906964,0.000114763,0.00089655916,0.00019082394,0.00031962473,0.00003171624,0.00049199286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010437701,0.000045996687,0.000032193362,0.0014376234,0.00042985234,0.0005688227,0.00002065594,0.00008306676,0.000598614],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044988556,0.000033766762,0.010108079,0.000013995286,0.000012663371,0.000009026719,0.055188913,0.000039644478,0.0004907675,0.8561336,0.07736307,0.0006020252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000061508596,0.000008339879,0.0028701338,0.000017098899,0.000010199178,4.948135e-7,0.18490154,0.00006823494,0.00009528775,0.033611197,0.7782384,0.00011756841],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035126077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009787856,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9399824,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008321674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022930816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7694171},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390823587","doi":"10.1007/s11016-023-00953-7","title":"Philosophical perspectives on physics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03393042933197088,"score_gpt":0.3082472485919542,"score_spread":0.2743168192599833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390823587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61135304,0.0006535605,0.043406,0.019076921,0.0034456067,0.000384619,0.0000560948,0.00036851002,0.32125565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979564,0.0000021758603,0.0003212097,0.00007127688,0.0009998705,0.000007839892,0.000001201569,0.0000050060094,0.00063501915],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990848,0.000020669508,0.00007461155,0.0003482667,0.00026413,0.00020757134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968,0.00005017213,0.000012846394,0.00016706804,0.000016629103,0.00007331874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023094482,0.00008908499,0.000084827865,0.000039928804,0.00012118246,0.00022102454,0.00022126101,0.000011180876,0.00030572413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010037263,0.00006363776,0.00008439033,0.000516224,0.00018714929,0.00028673155,0.000028205308,0.0001255828,0.0007544622],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027581523,0.00004469807,0.00029039237,0.0000014176636,0.000008446823,0.0000029498367,0.00068831217,0.000103848055,0.0025695697,0.9852845,0.0006108689,0.0103922235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044555185,0.00046455674,0.0015951318,0.00013819229,0.00007413534,0.0000037658242,0.007350489,0.025614996,0.035571128,0.87118167,0.056625497,0.0009348672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028559201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7111401e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3866034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012782585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007386149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9697337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396953988","doi":"10.1007/s11016-024-00987-5","title":"The logic of regeneration","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Regeneration (biology); Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of technology; Environmental ethics; Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Engineering ethics; Biology; Ecology; Engineering; Philosophy","score_opus":0.12711250244332856,"score_gpt":0.37043743258169515,"score_spread":0.2433249301383666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396953988","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49234343,0.003148899,0.29100496,0.12768768,0.016953385,0.0016433671,0.00008228964,0.0010263978,0.06610962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99454963,0.00015520961,0.0005079725,0.0011467726,0.000064647735,0.00001740909,4.307267e-7,0.000005088051,0.0035528303],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986929,0.00009755703,0.00023192489,0.00030157415,0.00050174573,0.00017428571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897355,0.00061804807,0.00005437965,0.0002765744,0.0000471512,0.000030281903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000884546,0.00006111707,0.00006084652,0.00008219449,0.0003258589,0.0001403587,0.00045464272,0.000020406647,0.00006874839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020898234,0.000036639307,0.000033626537,0.0013252271,0.0010560685,0.00019496008,0.00007846734,0.00015255854,0.00010411268],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.0849764e-7,0.000008552749,8.295416e-7,0.000005168416,5.115925e-7,0.0000021895146,0.00004431046,0.000007648792,0.6287957,0.36649692,0.0009270143,0.0037106737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022030887,0.000038492282,0.00003427994,0.0000106566395,0.0000037559198,0.000004913049,0.000010752544,0.0031605775,0.9038968,0.041828617,0.05094421,0.000044889122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000029557732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038186367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5022062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017424743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007751028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38911283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403997194","doi":"10.1007/s11016-024-01028-x","title":"Abduction, inference to the best explanation, and Bayesianism: a compatibilist proposal","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Compatibilism; Epistemology; Philosophy; Inference; Determinism","score_opus":0.05552193324772667,"score_gpt":0.27251011974913386,"score_spread":0.2169881865014072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403997194","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32301557,0.008092941,0.023529226,0.17696515,0.01660028,0.0022414732,0.00023583263,0.00093098526,0.44838855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99495167,0.000011989087,0.00050434074,0.000582261,0.000299387,0.000022408123,0.0000011209909,0.0000038046437,0.003623038],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990891,0.000029641385,0.00013046898,0.0003091404,0.00029137303,0.00015023361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959683,0.000058978163,0.000021304439,0.00016693579,0.0000802871,0.00007568957],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053008774,0.00008402807,0.00007640166,0.00010405325,0.0009948511,0.00068070955,0.00031319834,0.0000096021795,0.00028321438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007437019,0.000051811283,0.000021742733,0.00017479337,0.0009880527,0.0006205286,0.000052173622,0.000087145265,0.0003202641],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013987033,0.000015246132,0.000017756502,0.000013114766,0.0000026955715,0.0000024115711,0.026606832,0.000014102735,0.0003328108,0.9655095,0.003487674,0.003996509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000034521763,0.00014204743,0.00021914649,0.000045106288,0.000018645775,0.000015350643,0.003185626,0.0019874147,0.00014578369,0.04410278,0.94992965,0.00017390515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020488133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011310483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.946442,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024279867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000095665106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76516914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404111179","doi":"10.1007/s11016-024-01026-z","title":"Less is more, more or less","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Capilano University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.04493519015323987,"score_gpt":0.33063320679043734,"score_spread":0.28569801663719746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404111179","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72480536,0.0108441785,0.004940588,0.24599987,0.0016601442,0.0003189979,0.000013298811,0.0006496756,0.010767875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9575035,0.0008370232,0.0019122026,0.005868943,0.00007337341,0.00001090534,0.0000023873763,0.000012264969,0.033779375],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991434,0.000008419275,0.00011863156,0.00031084826,0.00020610457,0.00021259533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956703,0.000036356272,0.000014258673,0.00028855875,0.000025903564,0.00006789431],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021447378,0.00009170926,0.00015637919,0.00013541718,0.00009022741,0.000024443647,0.00018484921,0.0007048955,0.00027295685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058743364,0.000052646974,0.00006321787,0.00081651215,0.00048674474,0.000081184735,0.000059867452,0.0010807198,0.00014321],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025702032,0.00044770018,0.0030458719,0.0010514803,0.00060920557,0.005867814,0.0074267928,0.000023692113,0.09433257,0.081159666,0.13050388,0.6752743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010386588,0.0005016483,0.010046113,0.00093431544,0.0006613824,0.002460269,0.0061112475,0.015208711,0.29704386,0.0011288066,0.66424465,0.0006203612],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024383187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032323092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67465395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016362079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000115659495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54367995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408577284","doi":"10.1007/s11016-025-01045-4","title":"A physicist’s history of relativity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Philosophy of technology; Theory of relativity; Philosophy; Philosophy of biology; Physicist; History of science; Theoretical physics; Epistemology; Physics","score_opus":0.013342421395593492,"score_gpt":0.26073116891446474,"score_spread":0.24738874751887124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408577284","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15076898,0.00035002537,0.099403374,0.00019465352,0.0005163675,0.00010749477,0.000009940546,0.0000140883785,0.74863505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96806,3.0179405e-7,0.000899814,0.000042020063,0.000011088849,0.0000052331166,0.0000016039642,0.0000012607925,0.030978687],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995595,0.000049274575,0.00009584641,0.00011586524,0.000104522755,0.000074997166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960405,0.000151206,0.000059894894,0.00013415879,0.000035998033,0.000014677327],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002851226,0.000046385725,0.000098421806,0.000048997437,0.000033495882,0.0000035253229,0.00012276371,0.000008764847,0.00012348758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020536836,0.0000414878,0.00006407262,0.00020293583,0.00021671281,0.00013764927,0.00002891614,0.0000621697,0.000018039924],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029470898,0.000060652947,0.0056462707,0.0000036899955,0.0000136097,7.0913366e-8,0.0002077965,0.000060239578,0.005720856,0.98061734,0.0011627041,0.0065038297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002008312,0.000017126435,0.02908131,0.000028200058,0.000029019884,5.4823605e-8,0.000098112054,0.0006502634,0.0068267104,0.91415787,0.048811693,0.0000987899],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053509757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.557065e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.817291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032974305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013373574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16918235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411209213","doi":"10.1007/s11016-025-01061-4","title":"Correction to: A physicist’s history of relativity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; History of science; Theory of relativity; Epistemology; Physicist; Theoretical physics; Physics","score_opus":0.012930520489060222,"score_gpt":0.26785890928092776,"score_spread":0.2549283887918675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411209213","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12601937,0.000111256035,0.27878803,0.00023022611,0.0033554079,0.00017006036,0.000009304092,0.000018661503,0.5912977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93557507,1.4061432e-7,0.00072118815,0.00006644361,0.000016208674,0.000008598555,0.0000014579525,0.0000013832903,0.06360951],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995432,0.000050199422,0.00009459718,0.00013054584,0.00010655566,0.00007492724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955785,0.0002022504,0.000050499406,0.00012141159,0.00004659364,0.000021385225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028493034,0.000047318157,0.00009298212,0.000068833535,0.00004067849,0.000004536634,0.00010082547,0.000007170294,0.0000790775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052636537,0.000044372213,0.000055650093,0.00030771308,0.00010033664,0.00012558111,0.000028238084,0.00006702981,0.000030145276],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012686234,0.00012801413,0.007868596,0.000005683261,0.00002188418,9.810709e-8,0.0007239109,0.0007922627,0.019275518,0.9183719,0.022233583,0.030565867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044927333,0.00011616795,0.14708191,0.00016145024,0.000078731086,2.5742708e-7,0.0004193953,0.0054251775,0.034704063,0.63785166,0.17337362,0.00033826986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013320791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022528561,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8095557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056274544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000122069454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18094464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411567119","doi":"10.1007/s11016-025-01064-1","title":"Gravitation and spontaneous collapse","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Theoretical physics; Physics","score_opus":0.009666737430407621,"score_gpt":0.2691951422674455,"score_spread":0.2595284048370379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411567119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737166,0.000047135294,0.0041065863,0.00060177926,0.0003387781,0.00009407106,0.0000039486094,0.000012954599,0.021078132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968436,0.0000011190896,0.0007123916,0.00010626105,0.00002762086,0.0000055407645,0.0000011837176,9.4858126e-7,0.0023013637],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954957,0.000016311387,0.00006838294,0.0001568377,0.00008857734,0.00012029737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980104,0.000034564175,0.000020198473,0.000088757246,0.000018890276,0.000036549194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021201477,0.00004630253,0.000063543856,0.000049681094,0.00013962325,0.00009081152,0.00010439433,0.000007411031,0.000034870114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015296622,0.00003776374,0.000016926517,0.00037275834,0.00010431069,0.00013345333,0.000026468915,0.000029133444,0.00001914099],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035044624,0.00009398586,0.06972678,0.000009325007,0.00002524397,0.00002888316,0.0007996469,0.00017088148,0.054749273,0.7738819,0.004762487,0.09571654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028627184,0.00033920718,0.123761795,0.00013497101,0.00020211564,0.000054237727,0.009138545,0.009233763,0.08118722,0.59771055,0.17409809,0.0012767845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015329359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000112432945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17617135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000050047033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057916153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15399607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414187906","doi":"10.1007/s11016-025-01075-y","title":"Louis de la Forge: an even better Cartesian than Descartes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Historical Philosophy and Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; Cartesian coordinate system; Metaphysics","score_opus":0.02383583009797542,"score_gpt":0.261785488610991,"score_spread":0.23794965851301558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414187906","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38167596,0.00053321244,0.0024105543,0.0033570584,0.0010791895,0.00016839747,0.000016562906,0.00015577157,0.6106033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907521,0.0000027327706,0.0006516306,0.0014449727,0.00016692559,0.0000124257895,9.966411e-7,0.0000040477826,0.00696416],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989329,0.00012599457,0.00013508706,0.0002875781,0.00022618992,0.00029225776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994227,0.000120082164,0.000031609852,0.00027016184,0.000051096522,0.00010432376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000737363,0.00010095384,0.00012634418,0.00010701076,0.0007111413,0.00032467375,0.0005399992,0.000029843863,0.00024638482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010395806,0.00007916203,0.00006556592,0.00018614526,0.0009155434,0.00048623944,0.000046600042,0.00011855968,0.00004841204],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000038529656,0.00009162982,0.0024497926,0.000010749459,0.000007100848,0.0000075461044,0.01697374,0.000009748392,0.0015454104,0.9685689,0.004423049,0.0059084375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014390459,0.00010578435,0.005910554,0.000020790289,0.00003477506,0.000003056265,0.00065399567,0.00091175566,0.0010055566,0.14660478,0.8443513,0.00025377658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002616445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018158315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8399282,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005744385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000089427485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54695964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415473681","doi":"10.1007/s11016-025-01089-6","title":"Canadian vaccine hesitancy: getting the picture","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"","score_opus":0.01063652473417842,"score_gpt":0.2849483585797905,"score_spread":0.2743118338456121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415473681","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26951894,0.005074902,0.0022391502,0.20528829,0.0022707116,0.0007123943,0.000008201122,0.0001686374,0.5147188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764104,0.000056488632,0.00027206994,0.0063926694,0.0001505225,0.000009701241,5.1463087e-7,0.0000031977868,0.016704446],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876505,0.0001291828,0.00013757359,0.00023165776,0.0002620277,0.00047449724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930745,0.00014320995,0.00003773136,0.0002834523,0.000091780625,0.00013635842],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001301929,0.00008359161,0.00011045282,0.00011886699,0.0021040435,0.0001954254,0.0007726302,0.000048926013,0.00037440492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059416983,0.000056406247,0.000058152407,0.0012150796,0.000027411048,0.00024176948,0.000042604177,0.00014656916,0.00006710014],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007583945,0.00003715363,0.20943578,0.00002013914,0.00004931883,0.00005131928,0.023319123,0.00006654323,0.00076505437,0.5767648,0.13024275,0.05924042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001335301,0.000009852204,0.100713715,0.000027905004,0.00003457964,0.0000010845135,0.003976651,0.000060855178,0.00035758148,0.014456494,0.8800627,0.00016503771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07791264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5988109,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74981993,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001936101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011034235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416727571","doi":"10.1007/s11016-025-01093-w","title":"The study of the popularization of science comes of age","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Science Education and Perceptions","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of biology; History of science; Experimental science","score_opus":0.0695217331375901,"score_gpt":0.43913489282568147,"score_spread":0.3696131596880914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416727571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98848957,0.000043860753,0.00030477607,0.0005361917,0.0015763154,0.00023023467,0.0000018801167,0.000003653782,0.008813528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970108,0.0000022968948,0.00010064723,0.00005818559,0.000004108851,0.000009753138,1.0054178e-7,8.215173e-7,0.0028132303],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998969,0.00012854784,0.0002365519,0.00015856107,0.00039351068,0.00011379109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989508,0.00012773418,0.00015100067,0.00058353215,0.00017011109,0.000016833455],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001721605,0.00003751485,0.00008464676,0.00013662496,0.00041833922,0.000017527858,0.0011525259,0.000011430745,0.00008509611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047123103,0.000019648465,0.000031880205,0.0034587122,0.0027530708,0.00008130767,0.000097161086,0.000045649063,0.0000028942945],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012321307,0.00135723,0.48796278,0.000011282396,0.00002149391,1.4633879e-7,0.06499522,0.00018395003,0.13179132,0.29764926,0.0011381335,0.014876869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009230863,0.000043138276,0.97241485,0.0000060590482,0.000012519231,3.0600293e-7,0.023503095,0.000055186243,0.0025259608,0.00079065014,0.00053494546,0.00002097956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036476276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015014678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4844521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011944811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017517056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4866468","doi":"10.1007/s11016-011-9541-5","title":"Galileo’s lessons on critical reasoning","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Historical Philosophy and Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Campion College","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of science; Galileo (satellite navigation); Philosophy of biology; Philosophy; Epistemology; Geography","score_opus":0.2800736423994232,"score_gpt":0.3026730013284376,"score_spread":0.022599358929014435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4866468","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0048685223,0.0000978089,0.00057138555,0.0011111534,0.0013219911,0.000047147547,0.000007900817,0.00008187414,0.9918922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926495,0.0000020628993,0.0013524794,0.00076971995,0.00018579348,0.0000069694706,2.1832257e-7,0.000004252644,0.005029014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894774,0.000042550873,0.00012086176,0.00028840156,0.0003282383,0.0002721806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994679,0.000088858345,0.00002561374,0.0002274623,0.000061369166,0.00012879277],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041163876,0.000086103384,0.00010376539,0.00006651621,0.0007045597,0.00008627774,0.0003994001,0.000016332,0.0032830215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043734245,0.000063847394,0.000054943535,0.00009531899,0.0010605147,0.00033361826,0.000035616413,0.000117995,0.0010051744],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023254183,0.000057281304,0.0000140625825,0.0000018376444,9.0137837e-7,0.0000068471095,0.007837506,4.1073963e-7,0.00005666102,0.9898735,0.0016462477,0.0005023699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001579802,0.0005710319,0.0012082511,0.00005923816,0.00003304595,0.000010383804,0.0011501486,0.0004012705,0.0014061467,0.27369308,0.7207219,0.00058752653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001821575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045306526,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.987781,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002616855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027224143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W69877131","doi":"10.1007/s11016-013-9813-3","title":"‘Inventing’ the telescope","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Campion College","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Astronomy; Art history; Epistemology; Art; Physics","score_opus":0.009110120332557994,"score_gpt":0.21153508046520858,"score_spread":0.2024249601326506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W69877131","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33239973,0.000063788575,0.096411616,0.0005318232,0.00067846826,0.00041048316,0.0000028767945,0.00004572979,0.5694555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753874,9.936775e-8,0.011853315,0.00015644425,0.000077645906,0.0000596115,0.0000011833397,0.0000034910192,0.012460787],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942094,0.000025850071,0.000101392056,0.00014156022,0.00012318796,0.00018708213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966806,0.000023660532,0.00004275171,0.00019549282,0.00002577068,0.000044250097],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021654494,0.00006345726,0.00005930172,0.000017977998,0.00030039443,0.00007384697,0.00034336976,0.0000054430925,0.004462433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050194913,0.0000387462,0.000037303984,0.00015877823,0.00014896451,0.00021239732,0.00006280128,0.000071279785,0.0018571086],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013035319,0.00013367725,0.09408013,0.000003990119,0.00005157301,5.718167e-7,0.0016647414,0.00007930961,0.0041714204,0.09441456,0.07735938,0.7280393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011138737,0.000008361987,0.019770239,0.000005216632,0.000007812123,4.856439e-7,0.0005223343,0.00015524172,0.0045607476,0.005484482,0.9692187,0.0001550034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000086820895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.7526976e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8918593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008229572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045681823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989201},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W86180379","doi":"10.1007/s11016-011-9634-1","title":"Implementing the Canberra Plan","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Education Systems and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Plan (archaeology); Engineering ethics; Epistemology; Library science; Engineering; Computer science; History; Archaeology","score_opus":0.21215362855617562,"score_gpt":0.40502747921507376,"score_spread":0.19287385065889814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W86180379","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36333233,0.00010118187,0.00015557525,0.0023679927,0.00080882455,0.00016333953,0.000002851739,0.00003870456,0.6330292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99442315,0.000008119068,0.00031254528,0.00049386814,0.00020517544,0.000013303144,1.8666951e-7,0.000001850797,0.0045417766],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991049,0.0001361878,0.000100933445,0.00010276026,0.00023667599,0.0003185234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996309,0.000053416803,0.000059588856,0.00015166456,0.00003744427,0.00006697135],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002628251,0.00003500709,0.000044638527,0.000026796006,0.0011405344,0.00006727963,0.00042005893,0.000012829741,0.00092491833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013779712,0.00002192484,0.000025090427,0.00035554293,0.00024307659,0.00014507894,0.000036380705,0.000040798684,0.00012614543],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[4.4368323e-7,0.000013538573,0.03726623,0.0000014621128,0.000004343255,4.2604668e-7,0.35977796,1.1897089e-7,0.00013645411,0.5908696,0.005524247,0.006405196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001959586,0.0000046057125,0.017393908,0.0000020264958,0.0000038002815,7.9388036e-7,0.054793425,0.0000022570093,0.00019664333,0.0011050063,0.9264286,0.000049316943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039731827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0071173673,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9209044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019275314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019438284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W86180699","doi":"10.1007/s11016-010-9320-8","title":"Regress and rhetoric at the Tuscan court","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metascience","topic":"Historical Legal Studies and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Campion College","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of technology; Rhetoric; Philosophy of biology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Theology","score_opus":0.017861214660816117,"score_gpt":0.2924617590407862,"score_spread":0.27460054437997006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W86180699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72410595,0.0025341841,0.00008434013,0.029722149,0.00335353,0.0002633643,0.000006106104,0.00008003893,0.23985031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9723033,0.00037170935,0.00027051457,0.0004107507,0.00021729396,0.000009963953,1.4350748e-7,0.0000029657951,0.026413359],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989209,0.000068447014,0.0000791917,0.00020345801,0.0004499396,0.000278029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944174,0.00016670002,0.000040814655,0.00016733546,0.00005430486,0.0001291247],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014521234,0.000059319333,0.00009005956,0.00000917023,0.0030947616,0.000113749746,0.00042440492,0.000039880142,0.00021735589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044792483,0.00003521206,0.00005969315,0.00041392611,0.0015773244,0.0001495087,0.00017870603,0.00016876757,0.00003866689],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009075171,0.00009371497,0.024097873,0.0000101643955,0.00004133608,0.000009349422,0.10551631,0.000002751308,0.0071144267,0.5451985,0.25964326,0.058263227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000033120337,0.000007695854,0.005651994,7.7323386e-7,0.0000067970354,6.9972634e-7,0.0009677005,0.000012747796,0.000034590168,0.00035445244,0.9928678,0.0000616028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003411969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011056186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7332246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008765831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005977639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982031},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}