{"meta":{"query_hash":"8be3d5f1a496","filters":{"venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering"},"cohort_total":12,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"exported":12,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/8be3d5f1a496","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Nature+Chemical+Engineering"},"results":[{"id":"W4390739002","doi":"10.1038/s44286-023-00009-x","title":"Multi-scale physics of bipolar membranes in electrochemical processes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Army Research Office; Bioenergy Technologies Office; Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office; Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Naval Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Electrodialysis; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Membrane; Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.005259545617181832,"score_gpt":0.23261866923293384,"score_spread":0.227359123615752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390739002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66187465,0.0794764,0.25008222,0.00013034567,0.00073007465,0.0006845007,0.000049273116,0.006421574,0.00055095594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811788,0.0002745593,0.018214991,0.000016516404,0.00015325665,0.000043844862,0.000032619828,0.000072834286,0.000012552687],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989921,0.0000040646423,0.00030148117,0.00023534891,0.00020115815,0.00026588322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957377,0.00012936199,0.0000137478755,0.0001647106,0.000051363462,0.00006704065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081994425,0.00022455251,0.00026984172,0.00015596242,0.0000056402428,0.000023546652,0.00018725226,0.00041033572,0.000014884506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000117468444,0.00022901375,0.00007103452,0.0008670299,0.000021183665,0.00016490328,0.000021090409,0.0009653878,0.0000061039177],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041461544,0.000021755934,0.000013147083,0.0025999534,0.000017233826,0.0000045381885,0.000087511406,0.004931913,0.9916503,0.00009147144,0.00011894542,0.0004590775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011040691,0.000004762609,0.000003979873,0.00024120838,0.000007585729,0.0000063301504,0.0000022028069,0.19432673,0.801931,0.0000316314,0.0031534792,0.00018069471],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011549465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.1759016e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31930417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000089456946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003394282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93389094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396660561","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00062-0","title":"Exploring CO2 reduction and crossover in membrane electrode assemblies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","field":"Energy","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Bioenergy Technologies Office; Army Research Office; Basic Energy Sciences; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electrolysis; Crossover; Electrochemistry; Catalysis; Membrane electrode assembly; Membrane; Electrode; Selectivity; Kinetics; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Process engineering; Nanotechnology; Electrolyte; Computer science; Engineering; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.012310221943010307,"score_gpt":0.2358851322892614,"score_spread":0.22357491034625107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396660561","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923828,0.005236453,0.00018635638,0.00023822077,0.0005043884,0.000054592445,0.0000011512069,0.00061496336,0.0007810367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986102,0.0003046738,0.0005147197,0.000009552496,0.0003540883,0.000043536682,0.000012231924,0.000030859985,0.00012016396],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993,0.0000030183155,0.00013447393,0.00025123847,0.00011551678,0.00019576447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979734,0.000026202504,0.000008774033,0.00010574171,0.0000149702455,0.00004699305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007209428,0.00012592382,0.00012372644,0.00015206072,0.000013392912,0.00006507018,0.000058416044,0.00019455457,0.000019587393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053551626,0.00012548018,0.000042222,0.00037804336,0.000012921931,0.00028158067,0.00003153505,0.0007199531,0.000003296056],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010841945,0.0000068180066,0.0000013082897,0.00011785945,0.0000133727335,0.000009664618,0.000104096405,0.0006744242,0.980549,0.010413191,0.00013824555,0.007961227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000899018,0.0000057705925,0.000029881146,0.000108144086,0.000007469862,0.000084802734,0.000014168228,0.003962781,0.97147965,0.00020537004,0.023864208,0.00014784971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033362896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000133058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023725962,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011098726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009322652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5116933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400004678","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00079-5","title":"All-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries through a reaction engineering lens","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Solid-state; Lithium (medication); Sulfur; Lens (geology); State (computer science); Materials science; Engineering physics; Engineering; Computer science; Optics; Physics; Metallurgy; Psychology; Algorithm","score_opus":0.006803176112168381,"score_gpt":0.2261996740937083,"score_spread":0.21939649798153993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400004678","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93024313,0.006566504,0.042911686,0.00060394785,0.0051078354,0.00025166554,0.0000735381,0.013688179,0.0005535103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912474,0.00039934626,0.0075167166,0.00008297845,0.00044616836,0.000059979477,0.000041559557,0.00016420991,0.000041635572],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854,0.0000028103202,0.00032680653,0.00038087764,0.00019338788,0.0005561228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949473,0.00009814613,0.000016677286,0.00030249346,0.00002634232,0.000061589046],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006719529,0.00042598185,0.00033797257,0.00014523484,0.0000219611,0.00013681242,0.00022873806,0.0005103585,0.000021963779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009890332,0.0004165687,0.00010915572,0.00034054744,0.000026351612,0.00063161226,0.00008593032,0.0012621713,0.00003797587],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004438499,0.000005449862,0.0000014673149,0.0006058722,0.000095693846,0.00006184299,0.00010682515,0.041118097,0.9552849,0.0010161379,0.00095632137,0.0007429623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009955588,0.00000968815,0.000022106102,0.00029219993,0.000023405924,0.00007687958,0.000008557722,0.036828753,0.8575696,0.00028683306,0.10431925,0.0004632066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018936796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9180347e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.103362925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018667014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008386003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403510500","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00130-5","title":"Queue in the surfactant molecules","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Queue; Molecule; Computer science; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Computer network; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.0038142306007583966,"score_gpt":0.21533810988076427,"score_spread":0.21152387928000588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403510500","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5012227,0.028815236,0.44590917,0.0010694836,0.0020036686,0.0006144923,0.000048845268,0.0047753328,0.015541015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99871534,0.000012727868,0.00094998046,0.000104398,0.00011113809,0.000021236527,0.000043158074,0.000030467954,0.000011555306],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994083,0.0000028321326,0.00016123168,0.00012329944,0.00012342025,0.00018089886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977934,0.000054396696,0.0000041227095,0.00013023453,0.000019573026,0.000012304347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017525458,0.00013150203,0.00009034547,0.00011018105,0.0000073070346,0.000039752103,0.00017540705,0.00021933662,0.000013008866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037116613,0.00009862096,0.000028733406,0.00074170524,0.000014182219,0.00007246491,0.000015921918,0.0010282396,0.000010194355],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.729416e-7,0.000005103718,0.0000022047357,0.00011505619,0.000010855482,0.000031901058,0.00009725285,0.00043429842,0.95493156,0.03685565,0.0052173887,0.0022979677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006379009,0.0000036034878,0.000036186237,0.00011174435,0.000004196386,0.000034686098,0.0000131447105,0.060778636,0.8868841,0.0003379801,0.05155582,0.00017612282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001342488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9046175e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49749258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009902076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000076151687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44672468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405419519","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00145-y","title":"Illuminating quinone-mediated CO2 capture and release","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Opacity; Quinone; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Electrochemistry; Fluorescence; Chemistry; Photochemistry; Materials science; Physics; Optics; Electrode; Stereochemistry; Astronomy; Physical chemistry","score_opus":0.002635637764577609,"score_gpt":0.20602754283143723,"score_spread":0.2033919050668596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405419519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96718997,0.02201429,0.0013574889,0.0009853055,0.00096447737,0.00015650646,0.000021256803,0.002909155,0.0044015553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981946,0.00004892425,0.0010046288,0.000068754925,0.00029773152,0.00001470397,0.00005590068,0.00003867304,0.00027612777],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992893,0.0000032810638,0.00013164357,0.00025451856,0.00013353814,0.00018776202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965733,0.00007246333,0.000012408727,0.0001261484,0.000026897338,0.00010474536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058704518,0.00014687398,0.00012901466,0.00008112863,0.000018260569,0.00004558101,0.00007699763,0.0003850714,0.000052182408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002002175,0.0001357223,0.000055787143,0.00027740825,0.000021609903,0.00008410333,0.000048450194,0.0008685938,0.000010618082],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000059262875,0.000010920644,0.000003327736,0.00028738458,0.000037827765,0.000077099845,0.0001842642,0.0002661112,0.97185576,0.010811953,0.0024839186,0.013975531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019589471,0.000012263824,0.000022760467,0.00030973394,0.00003951273,0.00022309135,0.00006059904,0.05617689,0.7740689,0.00022590929,0.16821462,0.00044984292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003266174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.203752e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19778685,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007019164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013182698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55345947},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405646075","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00154-x","title":"Ion-specific phenomena limit energy recovery in forward-biased bipolar membranes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Army Research Office; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Defense; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ion; Reversed electrodialysis; Voltage; Chemical physics; Materials science; Ion transporter; Membrane; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Physics; Chemistry; Electrodialysis","score_opus":0.0033173910004587613,"score_gpt":0.16798405120235113,"score_spread":0.16466666020189236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405646075","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18640572,0.78452325,0.0019684518,0.00022433623,0.012672412,0.00029945726,0.000074087264,0.0038650606,0.009967243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838153,0.0139518725,0.0008143999,0.00003757464,0.0010243466,0.00002945711,0.000063905514,0.00015024623,0.00011285912],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988322,0.0000054747434,0.0003018911,0.00029568744,0.00016347271,0.0004012216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955636,0.00012205058,0.000009995041,0.00019257769,0.000013780582,0.000105234205],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098861936,0.00028590413,0.00029130836,0.00024625717,0.000012431506,0.00009153191,0.00017240211,0.0006748982,0.00011604046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024379438,0.00026777777,0.00011527861,0.00045574378,0.000012456219,0.00014812371,0.000034564808,0.000825404,0.000034353034],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010164464,0.00001215404,5.22714e-7,0.0014220902,0.000064841726,0.00008336652,0.00005049403,0.16262585,0.8314391,0.0005302847,0.0012663926,0.002494767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019514194,0.00000763653,0.0000023475964,0.00032122224,0.000011196485,0.000016687847,0.0000036264175,0.10173452,0.51365805,0.00013267552,0.38356802,0.00034889334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004021117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4860178e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7974096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016908399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010479256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406865877","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00168-5","title":"Modeling the depolymerization of plastics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dow Chemical (Canada)","funders":"Dow Chemical Company","keywords":"Depolymerization; Polymer science; Forensic engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Polymer chemistry","score_opus":0.002092727061365303,"score_gpt":0.1951238416976117,"score_spread":0.19303111463624642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406865877","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45580074,0.0001619826,0.53618515,0.00018904996,0.00014251668,0.00008832765,6.358114e-7,0.0001286554,0.007302943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960144,0.0000085927995,0.0038797322,0.00005566703,0.000014010051,0.0000036244323,0.0000017007898,0.00000424761,0.000017981723],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996666,0.0000021762594,0.00008968988,0.00008084288,0.00008814678,0.0000725456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998445,0.000032659565,0.0000112097,0.00010008052,0.0000014289122,0.000010106513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003287508,0.000050337447,0.000052047606,0.000016915663,0.000014363376,0.000005951161,0.00013683367,0.00008279317,0.0000053053936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000921907,0.00003676104,0.000022495722,0.00018156225,0.00001546094,0.000024447436,0.00008848577,0.00018834618,6.354978e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018533432,0.0000061348514,0.00021378002,0.000018863559,0.000005463967,1.5317414e-7,0.000011051889,0.3469307,0.64969057,0.0011111526,0.00005825959,0.001952016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002613665,0.0000012532557,0.000044606386,0.000022260878,0.0000057555353,1.3707299e-7,0.0000026480345,0.56055593,0.4391203,0.00007304192,0.000118614094,0.000029301089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000066063653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.202992e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5402137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010978425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000011696743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14990717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406902688","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00172-3","title":"Exploring the potential landscape of chemical engineering science","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Science and engineering; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Data science; Computer science","score_opus":0.005235114367030317,"score_gpt":0.19393938283532905,"score_spread":0.18870426846829874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406902688","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822288,0.0014861188,0.011512622,0.00027893315,0.0032145388,0.00013619149,0.0000058228416,0.0006838146,0.0004531715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99686474,0.000033619664,0.0026476134,0.000026184325,0.00032650062,0.00004716769,0.0000086000055,0.000034980603,0.0000106156085],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859357,0.000002289486,0.00031207662,0.00025958766,0.00036406936,0.0004684377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931884,0.0001080585,0.000018886018,0.00034596593,0.00007575314,0.00013249641],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002250269,0.00024868804,0.0002457042,0.00028817545,0.000032293407,0.00003979638,0.00058210414,0.00021859286,0.000011425494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032695357,0.00020469686,0.00010151327,0.0014679024,0.00009502924,0.0002174961,0.00011426518,0.0010346312,0.0000040121827],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003882152,0.0000161219,0.000012134094,0.00047366522,0.00003979087,0.0000015176189,0.000056276058,0.051924113,0.9434073,0.001476842,0.00037528362,0.0022130662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017809497,0.0000036098938,0.0005981683,0.00019697963,0.000024811854,0.0000089627765,0.0000119912265,0.26721537,0.7302393,0.000025124156,0.0012839512,0.00021369266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014638985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4576939e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21529125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001205563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045362267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83472955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408771562","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00194-x","title":"Self-aggregating long-acting injectable microcrystals","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Cancer Institute; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Kwanjeong Educational Foundation; Division of Materials Research; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Excipient; Drug; Implant; Drug delivery; Biomedical engineering; Solvent; Polymer; Medicine; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Pharmacology; Chemistry; Surgery; Composite material; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.0034303186752330053,"score_gpt":0.23011928660736022,"score_spread":0.22668896793212723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408771562","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861611,0.0006349643,0.010713577,0.00007685765,0.00042770628,0.00010407164,0.0000026369762,0.0004560755,0.0014230266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809334,0.000003556846,0.01880841,0.00006990922,0.000085865366,0.000011817622,0.0000049881373,0.000015505824,0.00006652604],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911416,0.000009189151,0.00020178153,0.00025246618,0.0001228376,0.00029955452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995277,0.00013057824,0.000039999744,0.0001861604,0.000057842863,0.000057718622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016776039,0.00013123889,0.00015124201,0.00006368702,0.00007168696,0.000073066134,0.00016546137,0.0001988982,0.00003891382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004667449,0.00012790131,0.000042078915,0.0003792582,0.000011694779,0.00014102072,0.00010089272,0.00034041144,0.000012485438],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044694825,0.00001760309,0.0001987166,0.00014666891,0.00000594628,0.0000022575782,0.00007147509,0.0021092056,0.9962536,0.00057323434,0.000083269064,0.0005335327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016495895,0.0000039229726,0.000079449535,0.00014584794,0.00001022071,0.000004241466,0.000013113519,0.020838765,0.9756934,0.00004280988,0.0028682922,0.0001349478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041950925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.6983143e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020560192,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009887079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028005084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5215664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408777667","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00197-8","title":"Connecting scales in reaction engineering","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.0025616706313231568,"score_gpt":0.20299919335707764,"score_spread":0.2004375227257545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408777667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941045,0.0011368614,0.0004617489,0.000120123375,0.00015597184,0.000026650387,0.0000035849591,0.00024546555,0.0037451074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985659,0.000016670328,0.001156551,0.000024849014,0.0001333774,0.000012514687,0.0000224163,0.000022942351,0.00004477313],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991175,0.0000017395413,0.00023610904,0.0002703024,0.00011476414,0.00025961536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944896,0.00023323891,0.000026626014,0.00021497539,0.000024985515,0.000051244777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009976314,0.00016905181,0.0002296722,0.00014648917,0.000016700778,0.00002576079,0.00015994682,0.00044797323,0.000028064078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009200848,0.00018066244,0.00009531831,0.00034649295,0.0000051272145,0.000076983095,0.000053843407,0.0008954084,0.0000032480325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057581938,0.00001630745,0.00022622687,0.00020188846,0.000025796762,0.0000060746506,0.000020740095,0.002019071,0.993833,0.0011735613,0.000022199962,0.0024493542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019954503,5.493351e-7,0.00023292351,0.0003000633,0.000013811158,0.0000053693757,0.000025837877,0.04382903,0.9496839,0.000026503314,0.005496025,0.00018642507],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065284503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013776981,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04414911,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018480372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008860669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73672},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410629043","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00220-y","title":"Level up the researcher in automated laboratories","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Structural Genomics Consortium; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Psychology","score_opus":0.006790495089800306,"score_gpt":0.26826232684842904,"score_spread":0.26147183175862876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410629043","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9578366,0.014930722,0.006843118,0.00067380775,0.003937308,0.00057128037,0.000029806431,0.008312357,0.006864946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968674,0.00002023461,0.0027033044,0.00004222897,0.0000858189,0.000057020203,0.000011196458,0.000054099804,0.00015870514],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989608,0.000010572432,0.00021820077,0.00019227008,0.00020100422,0.00041717957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994242,0.00019124168,0.000008471162,0.0002814398,0.000038926053,0.000055707667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018957142,0.00021994056,0.00018837898,0.00017122379,0.000027316986,0.000050478793,0.00036249676,0.00037150993,0.000014128518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041699645,0.0001910672,0.000044151428,0.0011593996,0.00003260822,0.00010256071,0.000090478876,0.0017694928,0.000010348842],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007662616,0.0000115692,0.0002467929,0.00019350626,0.00005588212,0.000011539019,0.0002509188,0.28751716,0.70136493,0.004795391,0.005206887,0.00033775833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034312744,0.0000031803897,0.0018103136,0.00018838345,0.000005002978,0.000003184243,0.000046428984,0.5380079,0.44229528,0.000036172525,0.017006634,0.0002543596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005563588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012105148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25906965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028539356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022404714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7791494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416735869","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00308-5","title":"Passive direct air capture via evaporative carbonate crystallization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemical Engineering","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Evaporation; Carbonate; Crystallization; Capital cost; Flux (metallurgy); Work (physics); Scalability","score_opus":0.0016244046327945792,"score_gpt":0.186086724947089,"score_spread":0.1844623203142944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416735869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5381808,0.048682954,0.20453672,0.0044240877,0.005996233,0.0019391871,0.00019227041,0.01672806,0.17931965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985069,0.000031450894,0.0007783831,0.00018686656,0.0001546533,0.00003749768,0.00007844302,0.000053056894,0.00017276936],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988906,0.000004962216,0.00024811065,0.00031872554,0.00018710946,0.00035053983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994008,0.00014218032,0.000025541654,0.00021652627,0.00010184474,0.000113110415],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038876493,0.00032434522,0.0003292709,0.00009801392,0.000027338954,0.000023205106,0.00023574763,0.00064831955,0.000017168837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027162497,0.0003174468,0.000101442856,0.0006336593,0.0000232636,0.000097474585,0.000056325727,0.0010783818,0.0000051565003],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001098251,0.000019172172,0.000004603275,0.00045444877,0.00011169332,0.000008828327,0.000057776542,0.04139315,0.95490116,0.0004887474,0.0017877237,0.00076168776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000267786,0.0000028928437,0.0000071993463,0.00021185505,0.00003372657,0.000004285796,0.000004754643,0.10418567,0.8888469,0.00083506113,0.005259679,0.00034024555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000048141537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.99145e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46032605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003549025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020574847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}