{"meta":{"query_hash":"8e7e69bf6e44","filters":{"venue":"Oil Shale"},"cohort_total":7,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"exported":7,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/8e7e69bf6e44","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Oil+Shale"},"results":[{"id":"W2334255294","doi":"10.3176/oil.2013.4.01","title":"EDITOR’S PAGE. CAREFULLY WITH NONCONVENTIONAL FUELS; pp. 469–470","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Oil shale; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Computer science","score_opus":0.005201988882735237,"score_gpt":0.18768180342977878,"score_spread":0.18247981454704354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2334255294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79976064,0.0011419072,0.005558793,0.0007648104,0.003873676,0.00014754971,0.0000750111,0.00068481034,0.18799278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961916,0.0000607565,0.00045802837,0.000110846915,0.0020548496,0.000087825174,0.00003060096,0.000040282503,0.000965213],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915606,0.000012550308,0.00014313922,0.00015284042,0.00022078911,0.0003145938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995525,0.00003745231,4.2212517e-7,0.00015851039,0.00006926227,0.00018188362],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044391454,0.00014154062,0.00014363926,0.000025591347,0.00004961486,0.000051737854,0.00010962919,0.00008759807,0.0028515004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071224067,0.00011920555,0.00005898966,0.00008791846,0.00004469248,0.00021508231,0.000009140402,0.00016699782,0.0012390561],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040258004,0.0004471753,0.013931439,0.0017751899,0.00046016948,0.00027928688,0.0017356698,0.0003681406,0.22477607,0.023600738,0.6781609,0.054424953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0071605183,0.001074681,0.060474284,0.00076637196,0.00026504963,0.00026549518,0.0016169164,0.015026595,0.075971454,0.0034211471,0.8297746,0.004182889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000104739025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034799767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19643094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038937993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000261035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2746698059","doi":"10.3176/oil.2017.3.06","title":"EFFECT OF INNOVATION IN UNCONVENTIONAL OIL INDUSTRY: CASE OF ESTONIA AND CANADA; pp. 279–294","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Petroleum industry; Oil shale; Petroleum engineering; Natural resource economics; Industrial organization; Mining engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Economics; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.01709669740697021,"score_gpt":0.2321250825561293,"score_spread":0.2150283851491591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2746698059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98119557,0.000439182,7.7618495e-7,0.00018657933,0.00018981952,0.000021269623,0.00008039874,0.000001620857,0.017884785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99766487,0.00007042042,0.000065086206,0.000022827622,0.000021667462,0.0000064821893,0.000009577732,0.0000061033884,0.0021329806],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991861,0.0000064552946,0.000496377,0.00016507889,0.000025907337,0.0001200927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992089,0.00004015608,0.0005246532,0.00017268138,0.00002386185,0.00002975009],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005964558,0.00007771239,0.0002634353,0.00009659681,0.00006389329,0.000021084888,0.00010786159,0.00009837713,0.00011995786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002264609,0.00008442184,0.000019013078,0.000070770235,0.000047272148,0.00009814898,0.000063548614,0.00012711433,0.0000037649365],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003480595,0.000022215361,0.9200294,0.00019897899,0.000031313142,0.00004771245,0.00008513585,0.000022065924,0.00003263241,0.010483144,0.0005326889,0.06847989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0050088437,0.0002578426,0.9159399,0.00027978758,0.000014583101,0.00017473724,0.0001343302,0.0021763125,0.004369455,0.0023862426,0.06860183,0.0006561023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.32805574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17840268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14965306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010822742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008170565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83658934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972859097","doi":"10.3176/oil.2000.3.02","title":"SEVEN SEDIMENTARY ROCK REFERENCE SAMPLES FROM ESTONIA","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Marine and environmental studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"European Social Fund","keywords":"Sedimentary rock; Geology; Geochemistry; Oil shale; Mining engineering; Mineralogy; Paleontology","score_opus":0.01792695950378021,"score_gpt":0.18549120973220654,"score_spread":0.16756425022842633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972859097","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7938044,0.0005991718,0.0000012746442,0.00017227684,0.000049725888,0.000014701656,0.0002016401,0.000025706839,0.20513111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822528,0.000884093,0.0005385143,0.00062361197,0.00011292282,0.0000011691398,0.0005044526,0.0000025419972,0.015079937],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937534,0.000017746654,0.00009567302,0.00019679582,0.0001308908,0.00018357893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997476,0.000042878502,0.000016747417,0.00012217024,0.0000018250769,0.0000688113],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000032211014,0.00009599402,0.00010119381,0.000009896873,0.0001409796,0.000019161413,0.00012523867,0.000030291169,0.12743741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002014676,0.00007906472,0.000024673023,0.000043986114,0.000025861214,0.000103788756,0.000015507117,0.00006790451,0.004999302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016328115,0.000011816992,0.5412907,0.000002767446,0.000015230371,0.000008438781,0.00013921097,0.00039911835,0.000009197938,0.0000010994105,0.0035847875,0.45452127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012152858,0.00003654699,0.7905745,0.000006040376,0.000009631886,0.0000027043086,0.000104456565,0.0004404091,0.000052564927,0.00023163305,0.20830111,0.00011885033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.059935685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0074875583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45440245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004068274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005059637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957754},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312391646","doi":"10.3176/oil.2006.4.01","title":"CHINA’S OIL SHALE BUSINESS IS GOING AHEAD","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oil shale; China; Shale oil; Petroleum engineering; Business; Geology; Geography; Paleontology; Archaeology","score_opus":0.00991155852753493,"score_gpt":0.24825951317657388,"score_spread":0.23834795464903896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312391646","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46647033,0.00041148314,0.0000134096545,0.0019041072,0.00013681769,0.000014523914,0.000011827727,0.00012452631,0.53091294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7471308,0.000058796377,0.00016459325,0.00015870438,0.0003252546,0.000028996034,0.000052677427,0.00003362372,0.25204659],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997866,0.00009430513,0.0002989454,0.0004903223,0.00046850392,0.00078197214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989187,0.000043369033,0.000050940875,0.00058110076,0.00026957213,0.00013632172],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026959876,0.00023924047,0.00027107826,0.000102786165,0.00029477026,0.0001165059,0.0003937498,0.00019572426,0.0018929255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016083215,0.00022844854,0.00012621994,0.00070298807,0.00014520188,0.00023443512,0.00017918857,0.00024055559,0.0007179152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025728968,0.0010360536,0.011136039,0.0009653529,0.000112483045,0.0005213393,0.0007386885,0.013603539,0.0022070175,0.20426719,0.021077959,0.744077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002014794,0.000090724454,0.122642875,0.00014584583,0.000045208486,0.00009243971,0.00048020825,0.003978422,0.0037179403,0.031057078,0.83464926,0.0010852003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.054598358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037574521,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81357133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020833088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015926718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312707486","doi":"10.3176/oil.2001.1.03","title":"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER OF THE MONGOLIAN KHOOT OIL SHALE","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Coal and Coke Industries Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Oil shale; Organic matter; Chemical composition; Composition (language); Shale oil; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Paleontology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.018044000550323538,"score_gpt":0.24117313556890424,"score_spread":0.2231291350185807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312707486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86416036,0.000049733942,0.0000016430803,0.0010082694,0.000046870653,0.000013219348,0.000010257348,0.000012527257,0.13469714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9645809,0.000026361155,0.000012577746,0.00008993365,0.000097677774,0.000007972606,0.0000127355515,0.000015110338,0.035156757],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910814,0.000041187475,0.00020464277,0.00014238161,0.00029145437,0.00021219497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943155,0.00003838579,0.000060273785,0.0003286593,0.000086329004,0.00005481568],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058226527,0.00008895162,0.00015207908,0.0000319605,0.000045413013,0.000011289061,0.00031773842,0.00010190738,0.005852134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015449246,0.00006595626,0.000083031344,0.00030266217,0.00012378783,0.000046827758,0.0001638283,0.00017741183,0.00021404646],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012432484,0.0003487026,0.042037226,0.000117566466,0.000052500043,0.000014194362,0.0004469792,0.00003839766,0.88053685,0.00043439545,0.006772793,0.06907605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010074757,0.000051246283,0.017558703,0.00017830536,0.00003523188,0.00008719903,0.0003452816,0.0002490059,0.94375706,0.00034092093,0.03612376,0.00026579516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010197801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013799504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10042053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004050953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035574576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312718993","doi":"10.3176/oil.2000.3.05","title":"PYROLYSIS AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE MONGOLIAN KHOOT OIL SHALE","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Oil shale; Thermogravimetric analysis; Pyrolysis; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Shale oil extraction; Geochemistry; Shale oil; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Paleontology","score_opus":0.007900421427514522,"score_gpt":0.1836058589033448,"score_spread":0.17570543747583028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312718993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703259,0.00069541583,0.000012439823,0.00019555603,0.000033973385,0.000014425238,0.000007039899,0.00006877261,0.028646491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927342,0.00060496194,0.00005646952,0.000045899873,0.000038382495,0.000011269569,0.000008346823,0.000018367222,0.006482119],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993394,0.000035627814,0.00018739329,0.00012264935,0.00018565501,0.00012925564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996007,0.000020594454,0.000029233963,0.0002542322,0.000022835058,0.00007238911],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009059669,0.000103472485,0.00014840005,0.00012702437,0.00006400135,0.000025728334,0.00014323121,0.00006537983,0.00040772388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013380595,0.00007588891,0.00008744643,0.0009588188,0.00006636456,0.000096900454,0.000016544542,0.00009374779,0.00003435685],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002132872,0.000099582554,0.070969224,0.00047468848,0.00067462027,0.0000085215925,0.009371515,0.10164698,0.070054114,0.0001748245,0.0019079776,0.7445966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020695396,0.0000841044,0.12901801,0.00024421903,0.00068292883,0.000021573176,0.001288131,0.74001104,0.10884024,0.0012873005,0.015145658,0.0013072666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013800379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008190548,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74328935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016729535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008975278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44642907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313129981","doi":"10.3176/oil.2002.4.01","title":"EDITOR’S PAGE","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oil Shale","topic":"Advanced Power Generation Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.009693611534255384,"score_gpt":0.19364050032846386,"score_spread":0.18394688879420848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313129981","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14150652,0.010708374,0.0217398,0.0010593015,0.02470638,0.000104795996,0.000043732358,0.013808463,0.78632265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9708149,0.0006252536,0.006967616,0.00005048281,0.0022091428,0.000031045744,0.000004787169,0.000037097667,0.0192597],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970853,0.0000017131964,0.00005916816,0.000064864784,0.000056343055,0.00010937275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998064,0.0000084231115,0.0000057762227,0.00015384598,0.000007899275,0.000017671382],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000010897137,0.000056340632,0.000047343936,0.000027743245,0.000023025903,0.000010521186,0.000079252735,0.00004779282,0.0005959684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000150882715,0.000058345646,0.000014632432,0.000069983515,0.000014398993,0.000076707736,0.000013186206,0.00006825034,0.0007074307],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.7707156e-7,0.000013104201,0.00008566314,0.000024085339,0.000009931351,0.000008475709,0.00015228993,0.0059487103,0.019011619,0.000568691,0.83054096,0.1436362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000115541516,0.000010265839,0.00003504658,0.0000058728406,0.000002125524,0.0000031975685,0.000043457138,0.021031715,0.043075938,0.00025844903,0.9352574,0.00016102294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.805806e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001789366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82930833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020109026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.5713076e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9092826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}