{"meta":{"query_hash":"8015ab81600e","filters":{"venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization"},"cohort_total":51,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":51,"exported":51,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/8015ab81600e","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Particle+%26+Particle+Systems+Characterization"},"results":[{"id":"W1893733700","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201500053","title":"Deposition of ZnO Nanocrystals on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocubes and Their Special Luminescent and Magnetic Properties","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Superparamagnetism; Photoluminescence; Magnetization; Nanocrystal; Luminescence; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Nanostructure; Ferromagnetism; Thermal stability; Optoelectronics; Condensed matter physics; Magnetic field","score_opus":0.02318205906925437,"score_gpt":0.19465393811743775,"score_spread":0.1714718790481834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1893733700","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94847053,0.002654829,0.03403786,0.00018335656,0.00018303702,0.00010175456,0.0007364,0.00028002166,0.013352208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9467546,0.0011875782,0.044210043,0.00005643611,0.000011960766,0.00005305642,0.00039845236,0.00009259869,0.0072353776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999186,0.0000037429968,0.0000056678573,0.00002737465,0.00003335034,0.000011214579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999448,0.000007953643,0.000018167915,0.000005717311,0.000017407681,0.0000059773424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005766386,0.0002474385,0.000158826,0.000098186814,0.00010486878,0.0001862311,0.00023324524,0.00015178649,0.0006251533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014697727,0.00018849115,0.00015382325,0.00009913325,0.000113983835,0.00017407796,0.00013699074,0.00023234167,0.00024461033],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014964896,0.0000034455911,0.000084671454,0.000024269144,0.0000022780548,0.000036606994,0.0000065564727,0.00010472753,0.9984438,0.00011462374,0.000054060012,0.0011100182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005404086,0.000018176333,0.0014396961,0.000003469649,0.0000059458216,0.00006682285,0.000010606672,0.0020475902,0.9942601,0.000047856756,0.0020910741,0.0000031956165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004237666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011333944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004237666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005071094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001589804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008425951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963535002","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200500996","title":"Determination of Particle Size Distribution by Laser Diffraction of Doped‐CeO<sub>2</sub> Powder Suspensions: Effect of Suspension Stability and Sonication","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Dispersant; Suspension (topology); Materials science; Sonication; Particle-size distribution; Particle size; Particle (ecology); Zeta potential; Economies of agglomeration; Chemical engineering; Diffraction; Ceramic; Phase (matter); Mineralogy; Dispersion (optics); Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Composite material; Optics; Organic chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.010520574185613057,"score_gpt":0.252933872300623,"score_spread":0.24241329811500992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1963535002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745582,0.0012381427,0.022168852,0.00009691739,0.000044064807,0.000048654416,0.0003858188,0.00015272947,0.0013066223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98128766,0.0006615121,0.016284343,0.000059882357,0.000010559304,0.00005201702,0.00044174827,0.00005542387,0.001146947],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949825,0.00007227621,0.00005109067,0.00013120574,0.00021113013,0.000036041376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895763,0.00058166403,0.00012400681,0.00004226142,0.0002676083,0.000026933076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066688465,0.0001960024,0.0002719523,0.00038102665,0.00018554693,0.00035014187,0.00024242462,0.00033676383,0.00066503836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012490501,0.00022657258,0.00017657231,0.000246965,0.00023594203,0.0002685197,0.00014489747,0.0004440973,0.00020501549],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005299316,0.000012601993,0.0006970099,0.000018548655,0.0000062636254,0.000017516084,0.000034389708,0.0001303042,0.99690706,0.000031926265,0.000038514467,0.002052772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000037580382,0.0000678553,0.0028747444,0.0000019215372,0.000006109184,0.000031858046,0.000021023836,0.0018127199,0.9948501,0.000017834634,0.0003078774,0.0000040900945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013046135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019291636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013046135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004242803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017755084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035268664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969960468","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<159::aid-ppsc159>3.0.co;2-p","title":"Orientation Effects in the Evaluation of Populations of Irregularly Shaped Particles by Image Analysis","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Orientation (vector space); Shadow (psychology); Characterization (materials science); Image (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Materials science; Computer science; Optics; Mathematics; Physics; Geometry; Geology; Psychology","score_opus":0.030222678237943255,"score_gpt":0.3060518136739325,"score_spread":0.27582913543598925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969960468","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.920788,0.0007128966,0.074991055,0.000071651695,0.000031003427,0.00015230136,0.00013847678,0.00027990158,0.002834693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9102986,0.0004200854,0.0877567,0.000030102135,0.000010652228,0.00008739623,0.00020943684,0.00014097175,0.0010460463],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993049,0.00009815159,0.000054121603,0.000110324705,0.00034298838,0.00008954319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978656,0.00094036036,0.00028632503,0.00015717576,0.000641616,0.00010888898],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015305629,0.00030776593,0.00040817424,0.0013168224,0.00045459752,0.0008287146,0.00052858994,0.00036817841,0.0011230038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033891422,0.00032676366,0.00019846823,0.0006234358,0.00054593524,0.0004988501,0.0003925801,0.000517341,0.00026930348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045524846,0.000084907064,0.0075848456,0.00008562116,0.000021525804,0.00018304649,0.00034924658,0.00084796536,0.96713704,0.0009009043,0.00008898227,0.022260647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014875345,0.00026219588,0.030951813,0.000008518267,0.00005118912,0.0006119858,0.00025551565,0.01665816,0.9498182,0.00041341595,0.0009199071,0.000034309993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014619575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014939671,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015305629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005891709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029871817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00809449},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972000820","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390038","title":"Analysis of Single Particle Attrition during Impact Experiments<sup>†</sup>","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Breakage; Attrition; Abrasion (mechanical); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Particle size; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Particle-size distribution; Mechanics; Chemistry; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.026624374235508914,"score_gpt":0.25485148337569463,"score_spread":0.2282271091401857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972000820","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899832,0.00037162282,0.008054683,0.000021958904,0.0000176927,0.000055855842,0.00035001227,0.00011831201,0.0010266321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932238,0.00020210349,0.0049617295,0.000018090603,0.0000067036103,0.000042564378,0.0004022099,0.000041549756,0.0011012835],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99962723,0.00002854452,0.000019321522,0.00004223997,0.0002279507,0.000054693715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985892,0.00064784515,0.00012694103,0.000103656355,0.0004833798,0.00004888928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050622487,0.00023779484,0.00041864841,0.0006564035,0.00037513467,0.00022354483,0.0003539665,0.0003289322,0.002977209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007572724,0.00014171899,0.00022656028,0.00048243636,0.00024899453,0.0002852831,0.00022061962,0.00040699754,0.00047126715],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033521006,0.00004032005,0.0026091826,0.00010655265,0.000013209918,0.00016437509,0.00017218429,0.0005105624,0.9846808,0.00004834356,0.00012795697,0.011191154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006017651,0.0004521913,0.021878513,0.0000062740023,0.000016433756,0.00022077972,0.00013693277,0.0047951625,0.9714129,0.00003092965,0.0010318051,0.000012024867],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00079048495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011604114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002977209,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020906523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011524132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009959817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978888034","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200204)19:1<12::aid-ppsc12>3.0.co;2-v","title":"A New Mixer-Sampler for Use in the Powder Technology Laboratory","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Spinning; Process engineering; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.03926116840946316,"score_gpt":0.2487846220564917,"score_spread":0.20952345364702857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978888034","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.046767686,0.0068697724,0.9045299,0.0015350874,0.0051148087,0.0045415387,0.0034643381,0.014291806,0.0128850695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06976641,0.0032103413,0.88207823,0.0036604435,0.0017689087,0.005394195,0.0039856774,0.0006381653,0.029497618],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976351,0.00033528087,0.00019318846,0.0007439446,0.001010632,0.00008183984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776447,0.0007564095,0.00014419226,0.0003991552,0.0006327381,0.00030300455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038726493,0.0013780704,0.0019991724,0.0018113366,0.0012032103,0.0019383454,0.0030058243,0.002872393,0.014178851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003050547,0.0009749769,0.0011212059,0.0007303801,0.00063633465,0.0028814182,0.0022217003,0.0029370962,0.010318774],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008039621,0.0010630517,0.005248202,0.0010366858,0.00015283744,0.0001698167,0.000119957534,0.00020454913,0.8268129,0.0028309685,0.008822024,0.15273497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015551487,0.0049744993,0.019190652,0.00034099002,0.0010784267,0.0053190268,0.0001478081,0.021016587,0.65580326,0.0036178674,0.28661165,0.00034399936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030875285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010305778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014178851,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043321174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016777001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04743296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982971277","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200010)17:3<113::aid-ppsc113>3.0.co;2-z","title":"Characterization of Fibres and Fibre Collectives with Common Laser Diffractometers","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Material Properties and Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Diffraction; Materials science; Optics; Characterization (materials science); Laser; Orientation (vector space); Suspension (topology); Composite material; Nanotechnology; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008393292134593656,"score_gpt":0.18787743533893017,"score_spread":0.1794841432043365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982971277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63989395,0.0028243863,0.34786874,0.000117123775,0.00015733561,0.00047126127,0.0019321821,0.0009321812,0.0058027636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67082024,0.0024426945,0.31748667,0.00005004384,0.00007307269,0.00068076013,0.0015998473,0.00025826236,0.006588379],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99727196,0.00017810942,0.00027791114,0.0008228819,0.0011822227,0.0002668741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99642307,0.0007554927,0.0006404981,0.00095943426,0.0010245092,0.00019694357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022125419,0.0005433192,0.0010683099,0.004227864,0.0013840806,0.0010135546,0.0010002856,0.0008758858,0.0024048027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025413649,0.0004649211,0.0005769534,0.003166194,0.0013714666,0.0014518871,0.001399086,0.0010051874,0.00074798486],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024362134,0.00005099553,0.0037167345,0.00020413937,0.000021556141,0.00013141496,0.00087768823,0.000618288,0.9719364,0.0016198945,0.00021049495,0.02036874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000024210829,0.00031799095,0.018655218,0.000038609916,0.0000631927,0.0006335155,0.0005081127,0.009212595,0.9580211,0.0011282002,0.011330308,0.00006695626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015142686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030941777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004227864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007836347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057768606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011701167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995686883","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201300155","title":"In Situ Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles in Polymer Brushes Followed by QCM‐D Coupled with Spectroscopic Ellipsometry","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Polymer Surface Interaction Studies","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nanoparticle; Polymer; Quartz crystal microbalance; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Ellipsometry; Functional polymers; Nanotechnology; Nanoscopic scale; Polymer chemistry; Copolymer; Thin film; Chemistry; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.009426660295159511,"score_gpt":0.2300360600632763,"score_spread":0.22060939976811678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995686883","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79737264,0.006066339,0.18640159,0.0006091014,0.00025571897,0.00045042485,0.00089599413,0.0009858484,0.006962339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8674531,0.0035844974,0.1223389,0.00023113246,0.00005016714,0.00026764415,0.000446204,0.00021347572,0.0054148743],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991836,0.00008619761,0.00006218097,0.00023395971,0.00035022246,0.00008389426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952435,0.0001798418,0.00009660163,0.0000731174,0.00009283056,0.00003320779],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007236263,0.00093266007,0.00061946095,0.00042479188,0.00030966522,0.0006960917,0.0011323905,0.00063607574,0.0015748634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00081674504,0.00057875714,0.0003173027,0.00049787766,0.0006042223,0.0009233882,0.0006266082,0.0016109776,0.0005434826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011027635,0.000019348085,0.000025948268,0.00008199635,0.0000054365737,0.000015557214,0.000020001327,0.0001190962,0.99792767,0.00017301478,0.000040865554,0.001559946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005888422,0.000022463773,0.00011991246,0.0000019485108,0.0000031891682,0.000013819046,0.0000047754706,0.0036036302,0.99557143,0.00004468383,0.00060377107,0.0000044519584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011716568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018005694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015748634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00096113054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032229544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006973505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002339548","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200900069","title":"Evaluation of Digital Image Discretization Error in Droplet Shape Measurement Using Simulation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Discretization; Shape factor; Pixel; Sensitivity (control systems); Image (mathematics); Mathematics; Digital image; Geometric shape; Shape parameter; Approximation error; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Image processing; Computer science; Geometry; Algorithm; Mathematical analysis; Statistics","score_opus":0.056018967815172446,"score_gpt":0.2833990413333665,"score_spread":0.22738007351819406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002339548","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88061136,0.00014734134,0.11725042,0.00007960523,0.000033819997,0.00006106486,0.00009552401,0.00064112304,0.0010796788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97049034,0.00003064262,0.02918405,0.000011520058,0.0000018932972,0.000021772388,0.00005620345,0.000030835214,0.0001727863],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986351,0.00040509275,0.00010444944,0.00012258376,0.0006548867,0.00007789394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99115235,0.006467832,0.00046614907,0.0008355644,0.0009867717,0.00009134292],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018596204,0.000296094,0.0003221403,0.00049917353,0.0002018059,0.00046016072,0.00041469288,0.00047505758,0.0007108441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0092626335,0.0001783121,0.00021704468,0.0004838041,0.00036080615,0.00036367364,0.0004074768,0.00028977465,0.00009113707],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022074895,0.00035105814,0.02576337,0.00030083532,0.00009657212,0.00042897617,0.00047219478,0.66580814,0.220213,0.003480692,0.0004897849,0.08038795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002677994,0.0002955196,0.0032541354,0.000010719952,0.000010276972,0.00008074303,0.000033826167,0.91978014,0.0759584,0.00019168708,0.00033648385,0.000021264996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026946217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013098133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026946217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00071985496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035070113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009834707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008463233","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200207)19:3<203::aid-ppsc203>3.0.co;2-7","title":"In-Situ Measurement of Local Particle Flux Densities in a Complex Two-Phase Flow","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Flux (metallurgy); Calibration; Flow (mathematics); Electrostatic precipitator; Planar; Mechanics; Channel (broadcasting); Phase (matter); Materials science; Physics; Computational physics; Geology","score_opus":0.041067341349970435,"score_gpt":0.24902515664564825,"score_spread":0.2079578152956778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008463233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9170645,0.000259701,0.081376106,0.00004493605,0.00001876725,0.00005121336,0.00017653308,0.00018055132,0.00082760974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9657439,0.00026693585,0.032964963,0.000024442379,0.000016140428,0.00006978529,0.0001082048,0.000017291926,0.0007883952],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983704,0.000023959314,0.000004888611,0.000049152506,0.000060406746,0.000024471929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997471,0.0001298545,0.00004699996,0.000014483657,0.000041125935,0.000020543652],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030688636,0.0002830094,0.00026769278,0.00036438263,0.00030195317,0.0003179571,0.0002544847,0.0003057477,0.00043252078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037494858,0.00012625949,0.000070440896,0.00020649552,0.0004937779,0.00031007853,0.00020697885,0.00030549424,0.00009757006],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004949243,0.000043852087,0.00072176865,0.00003059122,0.0000024336018,0.000019304829,0.00003384706,0.00042942807,0.9947807,0.00018547798,0.000027293036,0.0036757756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017084427,0.000253872,0.005569299,0.0000036886936,0.000009379511,0.000118900854,0.000042836116,0.015670737,0.97725016,0.00022463837,0.0008243644,0.000014916788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009501237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008919516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009501237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030340583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020075365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0022013783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009048692","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200006)17:2<56::aid-ppsc56>3.0.co;2-0","title":"Structure of Liquid-Sheet Sprays","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sauter mean diameter; Nozzle; Mechanics; Breakup; Spray characteristics; Turbulence; Coalescence (physics); Turbulence kinetic energy; Materials science; Weber number; Airflow; Air entrainment; Jet (fluid); Spray nozzle; Physics; Thermodynamics; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.006659648074367909,"score_gpt":0.19130768339138898,"score_spread":0.18464803531702106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009048692","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956578,0.00027359897,0.0029264982,0.000008917823,0.0000031011284,0.000019321484,0.00010217916,0.00004729768,0.0009612906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996716,0.00013187689,0.0022127822,0.000011787331,0.0000031273107,0.00001305194,0.0002588027,0.000011627816,0.00064106326],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999404,0.0000044036155,0.0000020187733,0.000016043796,0.000027763046,0.000009380502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998636,0.000023703245,0.00003198872,0.000007595813,0.000052008352,0.000021089401],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007332767,0.000111613495,0.00017098899,0.0003717542,0.00020877438,0.0002765099,0.00015906821,0.00014384752,0.0010539929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023588377,0.00010325039,0.000095070434,0.00013906072,0.00019350853,0.00015714455,0.0001012858,0.00015955446,0.0001794703],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006637943,0.000013144574,0.001823003,0.000025156542,0.0000042867687,0.00009869098,0.00004071555,0.0008948776,0.9926984,0.00018829264,0.00003980774,0.004107296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000033205055,0.00065620197,0.09044152,0.000014444754,0.000018647996,0.0008236129,0.00010936846,0.023707228,0.8810914,0.00050859194,0.0025749751,0.000020837575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040505797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027825823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010539929,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018972554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013429165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035259724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014477820","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200211)19:5<354::aid-ppsc354>3.0.co;2-v","title":"Synthesis of -Willemite Nanoparticles by Post-calcination of Flame-made Zinc Oxide/Silica Composites","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Flame retardant materials and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Calcination; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Crystallization; Nanoparticle; Composite number; Thermal stability; Amorphous solid; Pyrolysis; Zinc; Particle size; Composite material; Metallurgy; Nanotechnology; Catalysis; Chemistry; Crystallography; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.014846153725011581,"score_gpt":0.20569489174954564,"score_spread":0.19084873802453406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014477820","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877341,0.0006133163,0.009446655,0.00003092582,0.000025592064,0.000042082705,0.000097590615,0.0001212794,0.0018885422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98784363,0.00035941863,0.008977929,0.000018647754,0.0000064838096,0.000021426824,0.00017472987,0.000041127085,0.0025565533],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999298,0.000003837792,0.000004061496,0.000018718245,0.000031236,0.000012416033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99994075,0.000007997392,0.0000142962945,0.000006241141,0.000018802702,0.0000118655935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001027776,0.00033466666,0.00022949051,0.0002087117,0.00014624947,0.00018327935,0.00014885169,0.00017638672,0.000576487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011132958,0.00021343408,0.0002833423,0.00009599489,0.00015667222,0.00016791336,0.0001374782,0.00023008666,0.00019600877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000131893075,0.000004061146,0.000030908282,0.000012911268,0.0000015315286,0.000007930731,0.000004495793,0.000041216135,0.99948514,0.000022073466,0.000004490291,0.0003719316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000042134857,0.000028904715,0.00051658024,8.1433797e-7,0.0000030580443,0.000023270775,0.0000024581427,0.000311212,0.9987552,0.000011268691,0.00034192877,0.0000011472982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064865913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016933066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00064865913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019433262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015967224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0019285679},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018587134","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390003","title":"An Experimental Study of Liquid Jets Interacting with Cross Airflows","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Nozzle; Airflow; Breakup; Jet (fluid); Transverse plane; Wind tunnel; Flow visualization; Viscosity; Lubrication; Break-Up; Cross section (physics); Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.014501196463153131,"score_gpt":0.25832720580534696,"score_spread":0.24382600934219384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018587134","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920923,0.00033532706,0.006787784,0.00001920172,0.000025987509,0.00005370357,0.00005004587,0.00009402268,0.0005415469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99507385,0.0001617598,0.0038771108,0.000026378648,0.00002613027,0.000048083755,0.00009738618,0.000025034034,0.000664244],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914825,0.00010740886,0.000045966794,0.0001699467,0.00029691428,0.00023145086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99753284,0.0012199306,0.0004456471,0.00024515056,0.00034486188,0.0002115187],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073234004,0.000509091,0.00064422784,0.00046444323,0.00058340497,0.00071165717,0.00050173636,0.0006966909,0.0023567418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001669146,0.00038910093,0.000368593,0.00033073113,0.0007416062,0.00074582605,0.0009171073,0.0007007502,0.0003208857],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004805671,0.00023125701,0.0014087699,0.0000720874,0.00001089837,0.00029025305,0.00017305244,0.0004818806,0.99231815,0.00017436063,0.000050614148,0.0043081394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052299925,0.0033531873,0.011018648,0.000017392564,0.000026721922,0.00036433164,0.00011886862,0.008633102,0.97523516,0.00008834384,0.0010690691,0.000022863054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025733278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018094026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023567418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003399215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016412411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007884085},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024699500","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201400025","title":"Hierarchical Stable Enzyme Microenvironments for High‐Temperature Stability in Amine Solvents","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Enzyme function and inhibition","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Montreal General Hospital; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Amine gas treating; Chemical engineering; Enzyme; Chemistry; Stability (learning theory); Materials science; Biophysics; Organic chemistry; Biology; Computer science","score_opus":0.010127241377519325,"score_gpt":0.21668878854018098,"score_spread":0.20656154716266165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024699500","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98417586,0.0010998875,0.013400633,0.0000660513,0.000025326175,0.000038962913,0.00012210687,0.00021674705,0.0008544932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914739,0.00027468934,0.0074235154,0.000019612795,0.0000067679175,0.000022524899,0.00008843118,0.000016050068,0.0006745754],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998692,0.000012185523,0.000012301901,0.000037484006,0.000035738198,0.00003308621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983716,0.000038089707,0.000046239464,0.000020059042,0.00002884351,0.000029594326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014580334,0.00023184266,0.00020346654,0.00016062146,0.00012171202,0.00031256516,0.00021212087,0.00033006963,0.0004412523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002253059,0.00019456068,0.00022007756,0.00010464581,0.00020286371,0.00019813432,0.00017797526,0.00036820228,0.00026959632],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008197671,0.000007274158,0.000036001988,0.0000119387405,0.0000016391059,0.000013328017,0.000008640946,0.00008030207,0.9993766,0.000041871186,0.00001014264,0.00040397674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000036863041,0.000053104683,0.00081642956,0.0000014005236,0.000004256122,0.00004094023,0.0000051048673,0.0009933678,0.99753124,0.000014983764,0.0005322421,0.0000032580297],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006539798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017018829,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006539798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003504869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014895476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0025429726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026608464","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201300225","title":"Optimized Synthetic Protocols for Preparation of Versatile Plasmonic Platform Based on Silver Nanoparticles with Pentagonal Symmetries","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Materials science; Nanoparticle; Plasmon; Hydrogen peroxide; Surface plasmon resonance; Silver nanoparticle; Nanosphere lithography; Nanotechnology; Pentagonal bipyramidal molecular geometry; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Crystallography; Optoelectronics; Crystal structure; Fabrication; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.023698609813805293,"score_gpt":0.26270083409730566,"score_spread":0.23900222428350038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026608464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61954564,0.007883646,0.350377,0.0004287742,0.0004407693,0.00382486,0.0037671726,0.002054253,0.01167796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.54018676,0.009442855,0.432023,0.00023636612,0.00007718411,0.004503245,0.0063022696,0.0005243166,0.006703973],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993874,0.00007800847,0.0001079977,0.00011745981,0.00021891561,0.00009012933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997441,0.000039583403,0.00006817271,0.000048680522,0.000078928475,0.000020530018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006234163,0.0010954932,0.0006753477,0.0006834287,0.00042222725,0.00034983607,0.00074954424,0.00047946355,0.0017788198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043517584,0.00060661376,0.00043078678,0.00062789745,0.00024902445,0.00043756005,0.000421678,0.0011822534,0.00133966],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023164968,0.000054219374,0.000043416967,0.00026866954,0.000010719706,0.00010538884,0.00004234041,0.00043753983,0.99491405,0.00034388568,0.00021011848,0.0035465562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028721848,0.00021261934,0.00036807326,0.000020829237,0.000021977012,0.0002435806,0.000034684665,0.001821729,0.98899174,0.00025645347,0.007966758,0.000032909134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036060705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014752495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017788198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035807426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055053603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0059506893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037217233","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200601040","title":"Measurement of Cake Strength in Potash Using a Centrifuge","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Potash; Centrifuge; Fertilizer; Water content; Ultimate tensile strength; Materials science; Composite material; Moisture; Compressive strength; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Geotechnical engineering; Potassium; Geology","score_opus":0.015137956400951596,"score_gpt":0.1987222689935684,"score_spread":0.18358431259261682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037217233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.967363,0.0005614078,0.029230088,0.00004175585,0.00003255735,0.000103856946,0.0004418951,0.00021991944,0.0020055955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94977313,0.00086160837,0.04479686,0.000056953206,0.00001319431,0.00012040299,0.0006328508,0.00004077963,0.0037041435],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99963677,0.00002633203,0.000030309424,0.00011040513,0.00015425445,0.000042001968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999463,0.00012298397,0.00011151833,0.00005318302,0.00019330981,0.00005606735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004372696,0.0004159319,0.0002837497,0.000649592,0.00037661596,0.0002759897,0.0003984597,0.00025976085,0.0010639066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004638123,0.00024333932,0.00018127111,0.0004921753,0.00028557703,0.0003117197,0.00020473693,0.00044632793,0.00031727157],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033954824,0.000016612963,0.0012157331,0.000029551684,0.000008327021,0.000029711287,0.000038169263,0.00007422713,0.9964863,0.00004745424,0.0000366989,0.0019832535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011339157,0.0004473041,0.022674704,0.000011552474,0.000034903187,0.00015125798,0.000075124255,0.0024469537,0.97299373,0.00004735371,0.0010926585,0.000013045279],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025097607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0056607323,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025097607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032812724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002475513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0049903393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051828681","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200110)18:3<120::aid-ppsc120>3.0.co;2-2","title":"Interaction of a Particle-Laden Gaseous Jet with a Confined Annular Turbulent Flow","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds stress; Flow (mathematics); Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Physics; Mean flow; Finite volume method; Two-phase flow; Particle-laden flows; Large eddy simulation; K-epsilon turbulence model; Materials science; Geology","score_opus":0.012667015909796084,"score_gpt":0.21594355008663596,"score_spread":0.20327653417683988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051828681","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840344,0.00011147963,0.014664138,0.000037452737,0.000016853699,0.000015645192,0.00001948805,0.000073756164,0.0010266573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948323,0.000044090877,0.0046573603,0.000014304333,0.00000697796,0.000008977566,0.000027011034,0.000007874495,0.00040124552],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998653,0.000023812378,0.0000066224047,0.00002339621,0.000044588553,0.000036212023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976736,0.00010327907,0.000040103983,0.000015327452,0.000023839992,0.000050098293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025371503,0.00032522867,0.00056707725,0.00032790488,0.00053078466,0.00077641243,0.00046882808,0.00056983595,0.0004363791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005879536,0.00019391469,0.00045854296,0.00023667293,0.0007226377,0.0003365175,0.0004493656,0.00023225838,0.00008341511],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00086617906,0.00032233275,0.010607442,0.00017478492,0.00011828841,0.0026453435,0.0004142985,0.62910527,0.3354016,0.008483542,0.0002545054,0.011606408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000061490195,0.00031518925,0.003831516,0.0000060997386,0.00002634455,0.00016576152,0.00006774981,0.96302927,0.031514183,0.00051238824,0.00044481413,0.000025112844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033893224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011761591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033893224,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005854406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039756653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006739199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076595794","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390005","title":"Viscous Interaction Between a Vortex Tube and a Rotating Spherical Particle","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vortex; Mechanics; Drag; Physics; Starting vortex; Reynolds number; Drag coefficient; Burgers vortex; Lift (data mining); Classical mechanics; Lift coefficient; Vortex ring; Vortex tube; Turbulence","score_opus":0.012251346018579773,"score_gpt":0.22002439782708683,"score_spread":0.20777305180850705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076595794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951357,0.000052271196,0.003687104,0.00002954824,0.00001426583,0.0000097925285,0.000011869816,0.00003404824,0.0010253765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986816,0.000020113719,0.000779474,0.000008125569,0.0000042420747,0.0000047320245,0.000018906718,0.000005555115,0.0004771793],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998685,0.000025555562,0.000004684391,0.000015653657,0.000035360168,0.00005015987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997601,0.00009889721,0.0000508367,0.0000114953355,0.00003115092,0.000047568705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021161723,0.00026634248,0.00046038927,0.00036581123,0.0005124059,0.0006739708,0.00028937735,0.00047265796,0.0010090019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00065644196,0.00021786948,0.00032909404,0.00018850839,0.0007165894,0.00032640997,0.00036690125,0.00023345549,0.00013312873],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001514912,0.00024583808,0.009568957,0.00012042351,0.00010385176,0.0025146308,0.0004207122,0.536957,0.4269522,0.00959942,0.00050394353,0.011498081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007780822,0.0006244123,0.005328547,0.000007729998,0.00002727179,0.0001788718,0.00011179716,0.95462286,0.037697602,0.00037581846,0.0009141189,0.00003321372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032212466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010392724,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032212466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049185875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041461896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006404996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091543434","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200700031","title":"On Preparation of Non‐Disrupted Particles by Spray Pyrolysis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cubic zirconia; Particle (ecology); Pyrolysis; Porosity; Zirconium; Spray pyrolysis; Impurity; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Solvent; Chemistry; Ceramic; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Thin film; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.016163035872924624,"score_gpt":0.2440513400643178,"score_spread":0.2278883041913932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091543434","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87027884,0.0013559365,0.12188725,0.000069568596,0.00009341412,0.00033174956,0.0007971254,0.0006816816,0.004504487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9187442,0.001014112,0.07341297,0.00005235914,0.0000155187,0.00012729444,0.0012050214,0.00022815376,0.005200259],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985063,0.000009149066,0.000012094377,0.000041010775,0.00006380931,0.000023405239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979895,0.00004125177,0.000032262866,0.000044444947,0.00006512972,0.000017988115],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002232292,0.00035696808,0.00032031568,0.00024736373,0.00013997882,0.00019678326,0.00033606865,0.00019975599,0.0013627439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002835685,0.00028198512,0.00032928862,0.00016099836,0.000175141,0.00018982707,0.00021466576,0.0004404956,0.00074260734],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011366703,0.0000036908232,0.000032096243,0.000026305515,0.000003125262,0.000023661185,0.000011754361,0.00007188014,0.99864644,0.000086929365,0.000021768703,0.0010610687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000069350995,0.000045725494,0.0004897048,0.000002142744,0.000004332621,0.000050460923,0.0000039001975,0.00073051685,0.9974367,0.00003069373,0.0011960971,0.0000028759268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006473421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014422085,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013627439,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020860267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019651907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0045588017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091794291","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<180::aid-ppsc180>3.0.co;2-c","title":"An Improved Method to Determine Particle Dispersion Width for Efficient Modeling of Turbulent Two-Phase Flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Sauter mean diameter; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Mean flow; Flow (mathematics); Large eddy simulation; Eulerian path; Jet (fluid); Computational fluid dynamics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Applied mathematics; Lagrangian; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.020224310583426813,"score_gpt":0.2896471083901403,"score_spread":0.26942279780671347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091794291","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007085125,0.000026929903,0.9924516,0.000009665233,0.000005933807,0.000010714612,0.000010820709,0.00013455952,0.0002646671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32161227,0.00013310731,0.6762466,0.000021310558,0.00001918251,0.00022452703,0.00012046156,0.00016461313,0.0014579487],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966395,0.00007361926,0.0000209985,0.000039152023,0.00018060567,0.000021625183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946326,0.00021330439,0.000056933244,0.000092487775,0.000156932,0.000017033693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007765552,0.0005609318,0.0005107608,0.0005666534,0.00032871525,0.0004382346,0.0011030298,0.00065104483,0.0007065561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016526458,0.0003524564,0.0006255723,0.0003997337,0.00034177548,0.0009933913,0.0006127096,0.00072323263,0.000297144],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043395576,0.00006137783,0.0014830916,0.00006920402,0.000033680226,0.000099613884,0.00008191741,0.8479768,0.041482255,0.028777905,0.0004509804,0.079439715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035508715,0.000007952699,0.00010158236,0.0000015896102,0.0000021453404,0.000013468819,0.0000016908166,0.99630237,0.002278236,0.000868863,0.0004133817,0.0000052130113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002048158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012700562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002048158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000376097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072240084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041068792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092064171","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200700017","title":"Routine Quality Testing of Blood Platelet Transfusions with Dynamic Light Scattering","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Blood properties and coagulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Paul's Hospital; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Blood Services","keywords":"Dynamic light scattering; Platelet; Sample (material); Light scattering; Quality (philosophy); Materials science; Scattering; Optics; Chemistry; Medicine; Nanotechnology; Physics; Chromatography; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.04086825212995563,"score_gpt":0.2540282128414811,"score_spread":0.21315996071152546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092064171","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9439598,0.0057040183,0.038246185,0.00073240383,0.00023616968,0.0003061937,0.0004396068,0.00068161247,0.009694035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794724,0.0010787812,0.0175147,0.00021699104,0.000075791475,0.000060909508,0.00026687275,0.00004372966,0.0012698101],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9938611,0.0020248732,0.000609459,0.0003643519,0.0029858595,0.00015433921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957052,0.0012911366,0.00092050293,0.0003760885,0.0014913365,0.00021573559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004285279,0.00035560792,0.0003471308,0.0016048126,0.0003259317,0.00097372604,0.00045637268,0.00043715688,0.0009603369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007642022,0.00021444708,0.00032829493,0.00075786473,0.0005012997,0.0003645939,0.00038362865,0.00043365383,0.00037184582],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022485538,0.00039485845,0.481485,0.0005144629,0.00028665643,0.0013867037,0.0011091105,0.0012361818,0.33282778,0.0013645663,0.0052785147,0.17186767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013948674,0.0040698354,0.33315197,0.00025957535,0.00037761944,0.009029549,0.00093256927,0.020128407,0.6149097,0.0018925553,0.014977607,0.00013114193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001002109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00074397644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004285279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004043333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033833325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022662997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094386285","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390006","title":"Self Similarity of Cross‐Stream Droplet Momentum Displacement in Dispersed Multiphase Flow","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Momentum (technical analysis); Scaling; Similarity solution; Similarity (geometry); Drag; Displacement (psychology); Momentum diffusion; Flow (mathematics); Eulerian path; Diffusion; Physics; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Boundary layer; Mathematics; Geometry; Lagrangian","score_opus":0.012317850342240332,"score_gpt":0.23995054081077002,"score_spread":0.22763269046852969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094386285","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.916966,0.00008596116,0.081156924,0.00005370327,0.000016557893,0.000036369587,0.000018054405,0.000071800576,0.0015946229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973839,0.00001894259,0.0021603988,0.0000053907406,0.000003752735,0.0000054043817,0.00000784827,0.0000057196403,0.0004086793],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999151,0.000019698133,0.0000055436008,0.000017333034,0.00003067875,0.000011595892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993156,0.0003227316,0.00013593864,0.000047201076,0.00013393402,0.000044649718],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034414328,0.00018761469,0.00020752147,0.00051267404,0.00016548386,0.00047887457,0.00018238903,0.0002706195,0.00036342462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017244344,0.00014707273,0.0001838822,0.0001417951,0.0005155224,0.000513142,0.00029048856,0.00020264642,0.000067843706],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003937348,0.00037107558,0.019562317,0.000119070035,0.00006348755,0.0008980188,0.0004632994,0.60717446,0.28381687,0.050985567,0.0004956291,0.0356565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000067039605,0.000026178173,0.0013753575,0.0000011798668,0.0000018252117,0.000023810642,0.000012064931,0.9877478,0.009839888,0.000880736,0.000079646925,0.0000048471184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010554936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033339762,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010554936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040512474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019878225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029393435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105521207","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390011","title":"A Predictive Model for the Initial Droplet Size and Velocity Distributions in Sprays and Comparison with Experiments","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Breakup; Nozzle; Mechanics; Instability; Wavelength; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.028557588309216734,"score_gpt":0.2696469842539596,"score_spread":0.24108939594474288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2105521207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6133925,0.00027685,0.38016158,0.0002134719,0.000029828627,0.0001807612,0.00043158818,0.0007486865,0.0045648054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99233764,0.00007680514,0.0068038157,0.00001216021,0.000005277756,0.00009470088,0.000115801995,0.000020115309,0.0005335741],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998585,0.00002587253,0.0000064635688,0.0000308337,0.00006268744,0.000015678377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943787,0.00031222022,0.000054121632,0.000055831595,0.00012576362,0.000014121689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000722887,0.00039763172,0.00040979162,0.000360719,0.00023545236,0.00036611932,0.0007853414,0.0006974885,0.0007715468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017332244,0.00023611578,0.00043323234,0.00022818618,0.0005102635,0.0006320492,0.00024871007,0.00048826978,0.00012587986],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021759248,0.000020084652,0.0007372623,0.00001463541,0.0000047119734,0.00002577676,0.000013806955,0.99029714,0.005641961,0.0007570365,0.00007521205,0.0023907376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000023407083,0.0000095822525,0.00022168273,8.016788e-7,8.962157e-7,0.0000022852475,0.0000013329707,0.9987405,0.00083288946,0.00016401464,0.000021688526,0.0000020438617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006586289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001901253,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006586289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007679632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059425394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013095915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142843853","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390034","title":"Primary Break‐up of a Viscous Liquid Jet in a Cross Airflow","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Airflow; Nozzle; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Break-Up; Wind tunnel; Lubrication; Cross section (physics); Transverse plane; Viscosity; Materials science; Physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.009200332806151509,"score_gpt":0.21581595489491187,"score_spread":0.20661562208876036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142843853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973291,0.0001664746,0.0021527559,0.000008499711,0.000012370379,0.000017226737,0.000016946258,0.000045870453,0.00025079996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99806577,0.000057780573,0.0012543062,0.00001530764,0.00000999468,0.000009566332,0.00003919892,0.000012897187,0.00053515326],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993819,0.000046090496,0.00002740095,0.0001313269,0.00022181388,0.00019148049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885595,0.00040135326,0.00030002402,0.00009637651,0.00014153289,0.00020462222],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003911266,0.0005711368,0.00072797656,0.00043689334,0.00055439724,0.000684607,0.0004412918,0.0005817508,0.002026338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089556444,0.00040767514,0.0004583861,0.00017723997,0.000551065,0.00068883155,0.0007738622,0.00070902955,0.0002887826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004549979,0.000087501336,0.0009930521,0.000044383247,0.000010525892,0.00035073375,0.00011285049,0.00037386044,0.994842,0.000059416274,0.000023285751,0.002647446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000051040053,0.004117978,0.022020044,0.000018095538,0.000035002224,0.00044127676,0.00018501772,0.008562001,0.9637348,0.000044619428,0.00076870987,0.000021394879],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039516963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002811468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002026338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033104533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017708268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0067788363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2536828501","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201600218","title":"Formation of a Supported Lipid Bilayer on Faceted LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Tm<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> Upconversion Nanoparticles","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fundación para el futuro de Colombia; Concordia University","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Lanthanide; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Bilayer; Materials science; Doping; Computer science; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Membrane; Ion; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.019718365137115702,"score_gpt":0.22533694577799976,"score_spread":0.20561858064088406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2536828501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99107087,0.00040244652,0.0059634694,0.0000859046,0.000029742527,0.000029816822,0.00031590738,0.00023824231,0.0018636164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868758,0.0002562689,0.010245132,0.00003086593,0.0000042973934,0.00003268329,0.00041768432,0.000047850288,0.00208936],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989176,0.00000831317,0.00000897102,0.000030314988,0.000037426267,0.000023222303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99990916,0.000011228193,0.00002602172,0.000013947804,0.00002364641,0.000016117363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101003585,0.00026019313,0.00020933809,0.00017275315,0.00022845899,0.00027960015,0.00032495375,0.00041262168,0.000829311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020770736,0.00019737463,0.00027119624,0.00013181982,0.0001672598,0.00030038485,0.00035511923,0.00033521716,0.000577579],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025980848,0.0000054896727,0.00009048062,0.000020779447,0.0000029210428,0.000044649605,0.000015140598,0.000092195354,0.9987005,0.000059895876,0.00003728107,0.0009046958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000056866775,0.00003311013,0.00057939044,0.0000029960056,0.000005496243,0.00006313344,0.000012394613,0.0013136875,0.9969783,0.000017612096,0.000983333,0.000004894263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014704857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016136687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014704857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042380273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002232124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003074944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546913360","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201600242","title":"Development and Investigation of Ultrastable PbS/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots for Near‐Infrared Tumor Imaging","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels","keywords":"Quantum dot; Photoluminescence; Luminescence; Nanoparticle; Infrared; Fluorescence; Materials science; Dispersion (optics); Preclinical imaging; Quantum yield; Nanotechnology; In vivo; Optoelectronics; Optics","score_opus":0.028930033679001068,"score_gpt":0.22522689762347514,"score_spread":0.19629686394447407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2546913360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94274306,0.0030134274,0.049551617,0.0002657761,0.000053885135,0.00028142045,0.0003334081,0.00015312183,0.003604324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9428358,0.002034643,0.0499784,0.00006849574,0.0000075772878,0.00010003599,0.0005005565,0.000048215345,0.00442635],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989533,0.0000125494325,0.0000073206056,0.000031841657,0.000040788676,0.0000122639285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999292,0.000014916748,0.000011457176,0.000007528403,0.000023931876,0.000012946702],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038474146,0.00027425613,0.00015041903,0.00017062598,0.00015496758,0.00034816834,0.00024211046,0.00027957986,0.0005575322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019016312,0.00021806442,0.00016301968,0.00012100935,0.0002179711,0.00032885093,0.00013933163,0.00024600193,0.00020569886],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000149540365,0.000018155886,0.00007506161,0.00003151317,0.0000024421806,0.000017352017,0.00001577826,0.00025034978,0.99726546,0.0004026266,0.000029164103,0.001877165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000856579,0.00007105656,0.00024252987,0.0000023042774,0.000003955027,0.000025014138,0.000008062086,0.0022788364,0.9956019,0.000041769246,0.0017134319,0.0000026164178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010619588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014727665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010619588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057663344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003696809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004183769},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562106970","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201670036","title":"Upconversion Nanoparticles: Formation of a Supported Lipid Bilayer on Faceted LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Tm<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> Upconversion Nanoparticles (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 12/2016)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Nanoparticle; Lanthanide; Bilayer; Lipid bilayer; Biocompatibility; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Membrane; Doping; Optoelectronics; Ion; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.012871233480810755,"score_gpt":0.19656871176956398,"score_spread":0.1836974782887532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2562106970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98983276,0.0005028534,0.006270368,0.00011510293,0.00003911085,0.000030229503,0.00026326376,0.0002466127,0.0026997994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99174494,0.00025634465,0.00516805,0.000038707865,0.000005261065,0.000023146344,0.00019993787,0.000051833907,0.0025117227],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999925,0.00000609186,0.000004754319,0.000021555214,0.000022418324,0.000020208718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99993765,0.00000798918,0.00002130566,0.000007861517,0.000014176003,0.000010984253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078242985,0.0002501777,0.0001706935,0.00012599658,0.00018275966,0.00027736826,0.0002460057,0.00041704156,0.0010287317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017045587,0.00019510034,0.0003073868,0.000069661,0.00017257815,0.00027168123,0.00033929222,0.00030939106,0.0005786551],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028391527,0.0000058601076,0.00004647003,0.000022249067,0.0000034149707,0.00004028052,0.000020728725,0.000113260554,0.99859506,0.00009496227,0.00005576058,0.00097345654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008973138,0.000028596343,0.0004165726,0.0000025661245,0.0000045444694,0.000052447154,0.00001018905,0.00083575945,0.9977309,0.000022096088,0.0008828238,0.000004577409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013416499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014697145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013416499,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042753055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017029894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0034415126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562819007","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201600231","title":"Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Radioactive Gold Nanoparticles by Dielectric Barrier Discharge","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Cancer Society; University of Missouri","keywords":"Colloidal gold; Dielectric barrier discharge; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Absorbance; Ion; Plasma; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Radiochemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Dielectric; Chromatography; Optoelectronics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.003615825976919803,"score_gpt":0.17191375865062344,"score_spread":0.16829793267370363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2562819007","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8061013,0.0041171717,0.18403395,0.0002455584,0.00015013304,0.00021437478,0.00044917237,0.0012504229,0.0034378695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88737315,0.0018231899,0.10578278,0.000096476215,0.000027957067,0.00018262386,0.0004971401,0.00013170535,0.004085072],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981886,0.000019710855,0.000012433329,0.000052752806,0.000076136945,0.000020089841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999201,0.000027534614,0.000019811949,0.000010626317,0.0000109133725,0.000010910917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022272364,0.0003926329,0.00037928746,0.00017059474,0.00011939381,0.00028097394,0.00034965287,0.00042451578,0.00051056297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025578198,0.00025625553,0.0002247607,0.000119537464,0.00023014437,0.00025301424,0.00031768047,0.00041584467,0.0004171899],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011009152,0.0000034950847,0.000012301419,0.00003005927,0.0000013045202,0.00001541417,0.0000064041456,0.000055729266,0.9985808,0.00006334684,0.00002166509,0.0011984842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007132316,0.00005905231,0.000114376046,0.0000014200119,0.0000030257465,0.00007135095,0.000003301063,0.0010447246,0.9970798,0.000022455579,0.0015896669,0.0000038011963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025817202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029466284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00051056297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002766689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002694103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020073652},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622973924","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700051","title":"The 3D Nanoscale Evolution of Platinum–Niobium Oxide Fuel Cell Catalysts via Identical Location Electron Tomography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Platinum; Dissolution; Oxide; Materials science; Catalysis; Niobium oxide; Corrosion; Electrolyte; Carbon fibers; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Chemical engineering; Niobium; Inorganic chemistry; Metallurgy; Composite material; Chemistry; Electrode; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry","score_opus":0.006235972955320045,"score_gpt":0.21373916563177414,"score_spread":0.2075031926764541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2622973924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914637,0.00012076833,0.0052722683,0.00006156008,0.000008072361,0.00001441716,0.00028468622,0.000076022494,0.0026985765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897138,0.00011764275,0.008979614,0.000013443459,0.0000026169773,0.000015496067,0.00024073962,0.000023993729,0.00089269056],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999465,0.0000035344058,0.0000027700626,0.000012264286,0.00002630961,0.000008690241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99992335,0.000022595408,0.000018370602,0.000014438212,0.000015168566,0.000006082034],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098767996,0.00014133586,0.0000729372,0.00028123122,0.00016769591,0.00040830247,0.00026125458,0.0003381952,0.0009577072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002508192,0.00019045963,0.000121348494,0.00020770835,0.00026276766,0.000342495,0.00017968466,0.00038996595,0.000106799846],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000651846,0.000029070598,0.0020261556,0.000044461493,0.000010085061,0.000214559,0.00012893611,0.003807829,0.9869654,0.0010852048,0.00021214406,0.005410904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011627867,0.000048999565,0.015008423,0.0000066809403,0.000011624319,0.0002692618,0.00012333761,0.046869837,0.9347271,0.00023619729,0.0026714858,0.000015557966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002144112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003835707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002144112,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047530734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017683684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004263222},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2625076220","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700114","title":"High‐Yield Synthesis of Au@Ag Right Bipyramids and Self‐Assembly into Four‐Leaf‐Clover‐like Structures","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Status of Women Canada; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Bimetallic strip; Nanostructure; Yield (engineering); Materials science; Nanomaterials; Shell (structure); Raman spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Surface plasmon resonance; Self-assembly; Crystallography; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.016634706785544753,"score_gpt":0.23386569514326536,"score_spread":0.2172309883577206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2625076220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97695583,0.00066843966,0.017791457,0.000076949735,0.000057931302,0.00006256023,0.00031981067,0.0007207409,0.0033463445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98032767,0.0002550796,0.016651038,0.00003463444,0.000009926096,0.000032112064,0.00034648896,0.00009701619,0.0022460548],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998851,0.000010682652,0.000010418582,0.000039339833,0.000031374413,0.000023182385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988735,0.000012124964,0.00003581712,0.00001384387,0.00002077228,0.00003022182],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012754288,0.0004066446,0.00021623973,0.00022340847,0.00012949135,0.00023262981,0.00025975466,0.00025095532,0.0010410432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016834926,0.00028954347,0.00022610923,0.00013420089,0.00013569237,0.00021675683,0.00016535845,0.00027273176,0.000572653],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015780348,0.00001014571,0.000045646226,0.00003606987,0.00000399274,0.0000365536,0.000016376587,0.00012146109,0.9981852,0.00008113948,0.00006341602,0.0013840919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014956858,0.00011639325,0.00086662866,0.0000024132398,0.000008546969,0.00009747024,0.000009484626,0.001997499,0.99514765,0.00003974181,0.0016936918,0.0000055980804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003313301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00062673603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010410432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031291283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119446995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0034826994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737115369","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700141","title":"High Rate and Long Cycle Life of a CNT/rGO/Si Nanoparticle Composite Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Anode; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Composite number; Graphene; Lithium (medication); Battery (electricity); Electrolyte; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Carbon nanotube; Electrochemistry; Oxide; Composite material; Electrode; Chemistry; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.01748014775806601,"score_gpt":0.24576112466325842,"score_spread":0.22828097690519242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2737115369","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99357647,0.000856444,0.0037133978,0.00006173811,0.000047962792,0.000013456701,0.000102415615,0.00010162462,0.0015265159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957355,0.00025859743,0.0025889887,0.000015783333,0.0000067307997,0.0000095468,0.000107180495,0.000018138964,0.0012593998],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993837,0.0000037074587,0.000004087526,0.000016535974,0.000027179127,0.000010098873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999434,0.0000054785755,0.000007781949,0.000004084694,0.000025876994,0.000013411347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000937906,0.0002574442,0.00018841511,0.00024185113,0.00018148402,0.00023739049,0.00018868696,0.00030770962,0.00040126103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010672064,0.00012553703,0.00016272912,0.00012660296,0.00011241201,0.0002619959,0.00013515724,0.00019947297,0.0001963331],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028182012,0.000011200817,0.00011433347,0.00002719548,0.0000031452096,0.00005495656,0.000010375871,0.00013812598,0.9978671,0.000054856282,0.000060002138,0.0016304821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000064967585,0.00010451961,0.0011637005,0.0000029447883,0.000011592189,0.00006137106,0.000010854507,0.0034734905,0.99418724,0.00002685566,0.0009440953,0.000006842941],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004622897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012660952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004622897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001670811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015335315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0013423562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766539155","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700297","title":"An In Situ Polymerization‐Encapsulation Approach to Prepare TiO<sub>2</sub>–Graphite Carbon–Au Photocatalysts for Efficient Photocatalysis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Hydro-Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Photodegradation; Materials science; Visible spectrum; Graphite; Catalysis; Chemical engineering; Nanoparticle; Polymerization; Carbon fibers; Irradiation; Nanotechnology; Photochemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Polymer; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Composite number","score_opus":0.017110767789569766,"score_gpt":0.27191274586468456,"score_spread":0.2548019780751148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766539155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96682745,0.0010564007,0.029980263,0.00008875118,0.00004320885,0.000058382233,0.00008331448,0.00021962902,0.0016426089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830852,0.00037851906,0.0149258785,0.000027467253,0.000008752661,0.000026486667,0.00006201375,0.000027914677,0.0014577946],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999155,0.0000144811775,0.0000068096306,0.000019398778,0.000026047235,0.00001771532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999335,0.000013112356,0.000025625559,0.000011108304,0.000008428265,0.000008195829],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000103670965,0.00040542113,0.0002170505,0.00016444303,0.00010681258,0.0002086498,0.00021309855,0.00029668683,0.00045045125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012347638,0.0002427475,0.0002315252,0.00009885807,0.00014816191,0.00017585371,0.00017993721,0.0003643375,0.00019375648],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006674113,0.0000058643204,0.000016057553,0.000013318491,0.0000027042986,0.000010016814,0.0000041019903,0.00007060353,0.999332,0.000027200518,0.0000069311163,0.00050455594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000022234806,0.00003191503,0.00023569899,7.85271e-7,0.000004789257,0.000029295203,0.0000016346659,0.00053280086,0.99873513,0.000006179587,0.0004178396,0.0000017305588],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025300845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007961509,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00045045125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020638607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012190344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0015069246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782769482","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700367","title":"Dual Template Engaged Synthesis of Hollow Ball‐in‐Tube Asymmetrical Structured Ceria","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Catalysis; Nanorod; Composite number; Chemical engineering; Template method pattern; Nanotechnology; Tube (container); Ball (mathematics); Nanoparticle; Ball mill; Dual role; Composite material; Combinatorial chemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Geometry","score_opus":0.023093516094898906,"score_gpt":0.26020086504902173,"score_spread":0.23710734895412283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2782769482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97321373,0.0011279847,0.020632943,0.00008903802,0.00011577019,0.00009086352,0.00029403446,0.00035333366,0.004082229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9789409,0.00028821387,0.017967237,0.000037692676,0.000014920565,0.00004039671,0.00020005043,0.000052546446,0.0024579924],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998252,0.000012857678,0.000015561263,0.00005016291,0.000055072534,0.00004116388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998404,0.000021345195,0.00004424565,0.000020220326,0.000039049217,0.00003470315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014506378,0.00036403802,0.00039674234,0.00022306792,0.000113685426,0.00035634977,0.00027626427,0.00049947837,0.00063631526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002522009,0.00023887763,0.0002953615,0.00015417833,0.00020053115,0.00032812377,0.00032621584,0.00037691178,0.00049088756],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029687342,0.000010391287,0.000038579936,0.00004173065,0.000004616341,0.00005776095,0.000011447215,0.00011357422,0.9982541,0.00015345021,0.000033823628,0.001250843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000073441356,0.000041109877,0.00022860622,0.0000011779531,0.000004651197,0.000054404376,0.0000038540547,0.0010817106,0.99789006,0.000015208307,0.0006675411,0.000004327395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032100384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009098731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00063631526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002797065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024010956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0021286607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791126667","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700365","title":"Colloidal Suspensions of Platinum Group Metal Nanoparticles (Pt, Pd, Rh) Synthesized by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBD)","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dielectric barrier discharge; Platinum nanoparticles; Rhodium; Aqueous solution; Platinum; Palladium; Nanoparticle; Chemical engineering; Inorganic chemistry; Chloride; Chemistry; Electrode; Materials science; Catalysis; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.013145399568103544,"score_gpt":0.2426044115774462,"score_spread":0.22945901200934266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791126667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9695864,0.0015591171,0.024152018,0.00017438958,0.0000855461,0.00005384048,0.00023665965,0.00027145506,0.0038807404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813498,0.00062675454,0.014768159,0.00006867992,0.00001604942,0.00004587402,0.0002085724,0.0000687465,0.0028473146],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998635,0.00001488993,0.0000118885755,0.00004988384,0.000045701614,0.000014191142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991524,0.000025719866,0.000018421015,0.000008850045,0.000021198533,0.000010450631],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000174729,0.00023032591,0.00018770828,0.00016859874,0.00012261728,0.00026459483,0.00024131192,0.00033878125,0.000697679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025676348,0.0001644377,0.00012745365,0.000111534326,0.00016084783,0.00014005398,0.00015398175,0.00028230873,0.0004144046],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008807987,0.000002897583,0.000014184773,0.00001537612,0.0000012106982,0.000009744702,0.0000049926807,0.000034758283,0.99936324,0.000029040331,0.000016439002,0.0004993652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000606092,0.0000358876,0.000111104375,0.0000014323311,0.0000030812448,0.00002311194,0.0000031633488,0.000585778,0.9985688,0.000018238534,0.0006419576,0.0000013496954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043528894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004924604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.000697679,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026715227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121422454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002333939},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2806846032","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800066","title":"Performances of a Pristine Graphene–Microbubble Hybrid Construct as Dual Imaging Contrast Agent and Assessment of Its Biodistribution by Photoacoustic Imaging","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"FujiFilm VisualSonics (Canada)","funders":"Seventh Framework Programme","keywords":"Graphene; Materials science; Biodistribution; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine; Biocompatibility; Nanotechnology; Microbubbles; Nanoparticle; Photothermal therapy; Ultrasound; Biomedical engineering; In vivo; Optics","score_opus":0.006736492615354055,"score_gpt":0.22679344746262553,"score_spread":0.22005695484727147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2806846032","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99651283,0.00026959344,0.0026130192,0.000027648046,0.000006772738,0.000007981682,0.000043348562,0.000058865495,0.00045992536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99473155,0.00016495104,0.0038094495,0.000010355547,0.0000029071819,0.000013305486,0.00012683845,0.00002332319,0.0011172196],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989736,0.000019694195,0.000006387735,0.000023716617,0.00003380959,0.00001889727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984455,0.000046107263,0.000031213985,0.000019448822,0.000026957965,0.00003175637],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016995454,0.00038120107,0.00013550761,0.00025305405,0.00009976683,0.00019907016,0.00018089834,0.00030114502,0.00053965935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021811684,0.00013113217,0.00015358084,0.000107836386,0.00024393632,0.000205592,0.00014985626,0.0002540149,0.00015446526],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002831025,0.0000075311027,0.000025969015,0.0000052648325,0.0000016288301,0.00000782571,0.000007918312,0.000057908986,0.9995821,0.000023530827,0.0000046283135,0.00024736256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012148066,0.000062780455,0.00022837572,7.085661e-7,0.0000047504986,0.000014466008,0.000002536597,0.0007257437,0.99880135,0.0000041354524,0.00015223003,0.0000017508019],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010350345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008270765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010350345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002428183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119714736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020580292},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891626170","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800285","title":"Photochemical Formation of Tunable Gold Nanostructures Using Versatile Water‐Soluble Thiolate Au(I) Precursor","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Surface plasmon resonance; Nanostructure; Materials science; Visible spectrum; Photochemistry; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Nanoparticle","score_opus":0.023569833912962163,"score_gpt":0.2511774318352604,"score_spread":0.22760759792229826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891626170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808123,0.00077236176,0.01447241,0.00008387714,0.000045450248,0.000049519855,0.0001240647,0.00033516766,0.0033049386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986819,0.00036349648,0.010324557,0.000026541838,0.000005642295,0.00002408432,0.0000925407,0.000027863984,0.002316265],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992883,0.000007820083,0.0000055500354,0.000026666632,0.000017237086,0.000013802259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99994564,0.00000937929,0.000016295415,0.000008031182,0.00001240475,0.000008256114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010111152,0.0003026697,0.00014530632,0.00011527583,0.00008939016,0.00016742622,0.00020260565,0.00022538453,0.00066486857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014087113,0.00021062966,0.00016326689,0.00008818721,0.00015918215,0.00015898496,0.00020457439,0.00021174682,0.00025150838],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007759422,0.000002396734,0.000020961814,0.00001998663,0.0000014699647,0.000020392921,0.000014424866,0.000050836676,0.9990972,0.000068065994,0.000027910528,0.00066864985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000019034635,0.000024959652,0.00009917746,7.8399654e-7,0.0000021857538,0.000023636598,0.000004145131,0.00039561774,0.9989759,0.000009577612,0.0004610252,0.0000012260324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051868253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011114876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00066486857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026270904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014972272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002224207},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900091283","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800326","title":"Temperature–Light Dual‐Responsive Au@PNIPAm Core‐Shell Microgel‐Based Optical Devices","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Grand Challenges Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Alberta","keywords":"Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Lower critical solution temperature; Surface plasmon resonance; Nanoparticle; Photothermal effect; Photonics; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Copolymer; Polymer; Composite material","score_opus":0.013777011999434794,"score_gpt":0.24761407215866588,"score_spread":0.23383706015923109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900091283","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9666303,0.0011274908,0.026931787,0.00015648353,0.000103297505,0.00006725011,0.0003206219,0.00062239176,0.0040405057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9551219,0.00041153913,0.038240135,0.00016544308,0.000029630473,0.000092689734,0.00014616043,0.000039900995,0.0057526687],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987495,0.000008557705,0.0000061187807,0.000049527513,0.00003604114,0.000024867117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998945,0.000027255543,0.000033801593,0.000013720405,0.000018096553,0.000012580614],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111586676,0.000265272,0.00018846957,0.0001964758,0.00013622573,0.0002606075,0.00052278885,0.00038909758,0.000831575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015970774,0.0001851952,0.00019199596,0.00011309711,0.00019846464,0.00033836937,0.00020576005,0.00030382178,0.00034088272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017439514,0.000015423275,0.000027073334,0.000021304444,0.0000022424333,0.000029338207,0.000010141062,0.00014972112,0.99814487,0.00011995237,0.000054715623,0.0014076466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006064346,0.00004189234,0.00034052762,0.0000017653405,0.0000036276224,0.00003992907,0.0000053370577,0.0024663694,0.99624455,0.000026650623,0.0008174078,0.0000058713063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038886527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006967763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.000831575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004917814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012044342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035681725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904649384","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800346","title":"Fluorinated Boron Nitride Quantum Dots: A New 0D Material for Energy Conversion and Detection of Cellular Metabolism","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Cancer Institute; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Quantum dot; Boron nitride; Quantum yield; Heterojunction; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Band gap; Nitride; Fluorescence; Quantum efficiency; Semiconductor; Visible spectrum; Nanotechnology; Stokes shift; Photocatalysis; Absorption (acoustics); Chemistry; Catalysis; Luminescence; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.014007433245551884,"score_gpt":0.2282113434738858,"score_spread":0.2142039102283339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904649384","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9003738,0.0064250566,0.08249062,0.00058690406,0.000107745,0.000051996692,0.0005137763,0.0004953227,0.008954764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9654731,0.0013389017,0.030005882,0.0001040254,0.000016478745,0.00002356771,0.0001399118,0.00001338724,0.0028846923],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994564,0.000009361507,0.0000023485043,0.000015886568,0.000020053607,0.00000665071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99997115,0.00000775133,0.0000052756336,0.0000041146395,0.0000059870504,0.0000057652287],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014811713,0.0001648509,0.00009306976,0.0001865117,0.00010974202,0.0002837343,0.00019855172,0.00041972368,0.00049527484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078423756,0.00013343884,0.000073685645,0.0000741822,0.00020816989,0.00031426892,0.000121811994,0.00012923748,0.00016179153],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016221034,0.000004961367,0.00009181064,0.000014667878,0.0000013778374,0.000013557473,0.0000050731646,0.00010278793,0.99682534,0.0006264251,0.00004154605,0.0022560952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000052473038,0.000057032026,0.0007000266,0.0000036975134,0.0000041497915,0.000110982124,0.000005249686,0.0029341,0.9916407,0.00026542,0.0042667543,0.000006721697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034248736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006967325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00049527484,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037784444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011577441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0027415156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2968677929","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201900195","title":"Multidisciplinary Role of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Brain Regeneration and Cancers: From Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier to Treatment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Taipei Medical University","keywords":"Blood–brain barrier; Drug delivery; Mesoporous silica; Drug delivery to the brain; Nanotechnology; Drug; Neuroscience; Medicine; Materials science; Mesoporous material; Pharmacology; Chemistry; Psychology; Central nervous system","score_opus":0.010556041052177074,"score_gpt":0.23970036637719952,"score_spread":0.22914432532502244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2968677929","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10379109,0.87125784,0.00975233,0.003301004,0.00042400503,0.000040699026,0.00007085038,0.00009880131,0.01126337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.622658,0.36052826,0.0070648356,0.0007799211,0.00041092132,0.000029772576,0.00007213038,0.000014919495,0.008441305],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999572,0.000008979123,0.0000028753848,0.000009581956,0.000010847151,0.000010494366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999695,0.000008545718,0.000005629284,0.0000014061633,0.0000076286697,0.0000072981857],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020179494,0.0001855977,0.0001749047,0.00032353148,0.000114855044,0.00030722594,0.00013825462,0.0004018961,0.0006922497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006830064,0.00006113191,0.00018523564,0.00012635464,0.00021491908,0.0003287817,0.00024295194,0.0002442109,0.00015802553],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023712551,0.00013532798,0.0010134202,0.0026735722,0.00008221626,0.00047744508,0.0001941905,0.0010914195,0.66463405,0.01017798,0.003509242,0.315774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000053958072,0.0018828252,0.010263073,0.0009106433,0.00023179904,0.0031973524,0.00047941075,0.005282297,0.62512654,0.010011666,0.34249726,0.00006311196],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035190143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00079584407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006922497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029904218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028706228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023158193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995221000","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201900430","title":"Ratiometric pH Sensing in Living Cells Using Carbon Dots","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Fluorescence; Intracellular pH; Intracellular; Chemistry; Biophysics; Glutathione; Viability assay; Nanomaterials; Quantum dot; Cancer cell; Nanotechnology; Cell; Biochemistry; Materials science; Cancer; Biology; Enzyme","score_opus":0.022566357932249495,"score_gpt":0.250115291019706,"score_spread":0.2275489330874565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995221000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9307335,0.0020908106,0.06338382,0.0002551057,0.000083091814,0.000075719625,0.00035299326,0.00046893317,0.0025559482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96445435,0.0005827524,0.03304033,0.00007560152,0.000010916869,0.00004321829,0.00015173067,0.000022459275,0.0016186564],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997367,0.00004693918,0.000013745256,0.00010393086,0.00008297122,0.000015685873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984324,0.000058189657,0.000034077428,0.000015426755,0.000037217804,0.000011826096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027779117,0.00024875038,0.00018309822,0.00021940733,0.00012150168,0.00031060574,0.00030243144,0.0005395704,0.0005813088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003347225,0.0001486334,0.00011861616,0.00018259227,0.0002941189,0.00031289132,0.00018273771,0.00029208596,0.00019315552],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017957283,0.0000049587384,0.000047094203,0.000020046764,0.000001940078,0.000014516864,0.0000066269376,0.000112639515,0.99861646,0.0001085994,0.000032441258,0.0010167339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000050897333,0.000042378764,0.00020162268,0.0000017461255,0.0000024980745,0.000026190099,0.000005505345,0.0025186532,0.9966286,0.000036245438,0.0005278533,0.0000036837132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007152856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008461483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007152856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005153654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000114204675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0037392974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011790173","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201900419","title":"Metal Nanoparticle–Microbe Interactions: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Effects","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Biosynthesis; Biofilm; Microorganism; Metal; Chemistry; Nanoparticle; Metal ions in aqueous solution; Antimicrobial; Biomass (ecology); Combinatorial chemistry; Nanotechnology; Bacteria; Biochemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Biology; Enzyme; Ecology","score_opus":0.017935187224152493,"score_gpt":0.23666689365990903,"score_spread":0.21873170643575654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3011790173","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825984,0.007587647,0.004408835,0.00015496198,0.0000598264,0.0000447047,0.00012484241,0.000102635,0.004918068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939553,0.0009831358,0.0029515023,0.000049311966,0.000011636376,0.000022647071,0.00007801182,0.000018911132,0.0019296329],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998184,0.000041895928,0.000012456942,0.000048153954,0.00004062672,0.0000384751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998834,0.00004289667,0.00002047736,0.000010582744,0.000021344647,0.000021285494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026050516,0.0003540382,0.00023039026,0.00023119918,0.00021036975,0.0002715903,0.00016540765,0.0005115445,0.0008906934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020442677,0.0001507914,0.00019457645,0.000107021064,0.00018788323,0.00015938324,0.00016341219,0.00017973607,0.0003128108],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047371108,0.000021492757,0.00005430876,0.000049632094,0.0000037126858,0.000018371846,0.000009809686,0.00008457556,0.998097,0.00005694169,0.000030244246,0.0015265464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004525454,0.00009906589,0.00034734912,0.0000018821197,0.0000044603953,0.000022380364,0.0000037098143,0.00036309476,0.99832994,0.000013100844,0.0008083734,0.0000022214467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004004608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005956795,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008906934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033114254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011558866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029796958},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042365350","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202000119","title":"Toward Uniform Optical Properties of Carbon Dots","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Quantum dot; Nanotechnology; Carbon quantum dots; Nanomaterials; Fluorescence; Materials science; Carbon fibers; Ultrafiltration (renal); Absorbance; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.05869341270776791,"score_gpt":0.24141783014133894,"score_spread":0.18272441743357104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3042365350","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9581814,0.001930748,0.033191275,0.00026903368,0.0000457748,0.000107914246,0.00034447937,0.00021482237,0.0057144724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850949,0.00051134196,0.012397132,0.00007311979,0.0000074141703,0.00003699937,0.00020242037,0.000033756034,0.0016429359],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999752,0.000041431784,0.000020615073,0.00007285671,0.00007985225,0.00003325342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967587,0.00011176325,0.00005608533,0.000028969238,0.00010087315,0.000026486647],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029854165,0.00034127245,0.000110979694,0.00022198776,0.000191231,0.0003224144,0.00013509978,0.00036665858,0.00088422257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046175745,0.00010602885,0.000090811314,0.00019204136,0.00027852843,0.00029003693,0.00018815267,0.00032491068,0.0002530415],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007902289,0.0000040453274,0.000032115233,0.00002009781,8.3020603e-7,0.000007436041,0.00000835992,0.00006538349,0.99904186,0.00013232778,0.000024555055,0.0006551531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013556448,0.00002405843,0.00016776915,0.0000016102058,9.671287e-7,0.000011583282,0.0000032045466,0.0004267801,0.9986058,0.000019441703,0.00073603215,0.0000015015755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004141171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00085236237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00088422257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038299814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014580347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029580593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3081989254","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202070018","title":"Carbon Dots: Toward Uniform Optical Properties of Carbon Dots (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 8/2020)","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Carbon fibers; Carbon nanotube; Composite number; Composite material","score_opus":0.0420990023029857,"score_gpt":0.23354366608215954,"score_spread":0.19144466377917385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3081989254","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41247892,0.04814277,0.35610333,0.008800854,0.0027540452,0.0010130919,0.0030485864,0.005285228,0.1623731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7051387,0.015050324,0.18274973,0.0017130178,0.00033204135,0.000354142,0.0030940322,0.00072331855,0.09084476],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964166,0.000037410984,0.000019209612,0.00005884698,0.00020704638,0.00003585763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973804,0.00007100136,0.000032148124,0.000027678074,0.000091852286,0.00003915403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007582187,0.0005334749,0.00019890831,0.00072914816,0.00045308226,0.0004649249,0.00031749395,0.0007152938,0.0037678594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003817065,0.0002498247,0.00015061279,0.00035793058,0.00047010777,0.00064180134,0.00038977584,0.0008662088,0.0023655207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013433646,0.000048336868,0.00014850884,0.00021426324,0.0000070539268,0.000060401333,0.00005273344,0.00027806134,0.95360905,0.008887306,0.0057435106,0.030816425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014174393,0.000070663154,0.00026660517,0.00000785448,0.0000031127095,0.00007485636,0.0000045046277,0.0010832476,0.9655066,0.00057023606,0.032388713,0.000009442074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047057358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010718855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0037678594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005701983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003305278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012604713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3087181499","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202000208","title":"Interfacing DNA and Polydopamine Nanoparticles and Its Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"DNA; Nanotechnology; Oligonucleotide; Biosensor; Nucleic acid; Combinatorial chemistry; Conjugate; Chemistry; Nanoparticle; Covalent bond; Materials science; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.014929474269613868,"score_gpt":0.24804396939407358,"score_spread":0.23311449512445973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3087181499","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39482525,0.45177194,0.110174656,0.0013852288,0.0011424657,0.00021715077,0.00022018705,0.00047036982,0.039792776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80920506,0.121122815,0.051113885,0.0004982589,0.00023349738,0.00011554837,0.00019319584,0.000036962978,0.017480694],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992,0.000014149482,0.0000059464237,0.000024578538,0.000024607785,0.000010734128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99995923,0.000012455288,0.0000072334064,0.0000023191303,0.00001321453,0.000005489567],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016172952,0.00037469328,0.00015476129,0.00026212883,0.00012730656,0.0004212493,0.00025456236,0.0005250786,0.0005362286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015233965,0.00016047007,0.00019471918,0.00021335798,0.00015351175,0.00032660915,0.00024011526,0.0002688181,0.00038092257],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004355335,0.000022132956,0.00014370037,0.0005430677,0.0000106903735,0.00027687062,0.000060539798,0.0003585098,0.9634367,0.0016062162,0.0002718912,0.033226073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005911004,0.00019783435,0.00036404261,0.000048432732,0.00002359851,0.00059243484,0.000038367412,0.0017396413,0.94431615,0.00040118332,0.0522599,0.00001240749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004107123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038957899,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005362286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039844777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001561282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0028908849},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214724240","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202100283","title":"The Protein Interactome of a Nanoparticle Population in Whole Cytoplasm under Near‐Native Conditions: A Pilot Study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Alberta","keywords":"Cytoplasm; Interactome; Cytosol; Cell biology; Chemistry; Protein–protein interaction; Biology; Biophysics; Biochemistry; Enzyme; Gene","score_opus":0.017066865040946146,"score_gpt":0.24187403033255478,"score_spread":0.22480716529160863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214724240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972928,0.00016454827,0.0019176152,0.000018102251,0.0000061552228,0.000021497448,0.00022684543,0.000021392734,0.0003310278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923955,0.00029501392,0.00402877,0.00005138629,0.000019533652,0.00007886753,0.0012227789,0.00003508715,0.0018731288],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978095,0.00003147756,0.000010621718,0.00009389653,0.000048701728,0.000034373694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981385,0.000061500294,0.000017296983,0.000024281944,0.000057866542,0.000025149926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028142676,0.00017154243,0.0002836088,0.00024569113,0.0002457148,0.0002912451,0.00013671658,0.00028259255,0.0007386984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023478255,0.00008943305,0.00027279573,0.00018706344,0.00022186631,0.0002272942,0.00023727825,0.00025343118,0.00026520476],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055925448,0.00003771017,0.00040359402,0.000011853759,0.0000035594055,0.000022352086,0.000027348606,0.00003545429,0.99894446,0.000013591038,0.000017595896,0.00042642112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021251855,0.0013225898,0.034563314,0.000005212364,0.00005117272,0.0005458296,0.0002554886,0.0045366446,0.9564255,0.000080119804,0.0021738233,0.000019070001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011594848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008181019,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011594848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001615723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011334144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0024712086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232534409","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<180::aid-ppsc180>3.3.co;2-3","title":"An Improved Method to Determine Particle Dispersion Width for Efficient Modeling of Turbulent Two-Phase Flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Sauter mean diameter; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Mean flow; Large eddy simulation; Flow (mathematics); Jet (fluid); Eulerian path; Computational fluid dynamics; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Lagrangian; Applied mathematics; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.020224310583426813,"score_gpt":0.2896471083901403,"score_spread":0.26942279780671347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4232534409","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007085125,0.000026929903,0.9924516,0.000009665233,0.000005933807,0.000010714612,0.000010820709,0.00013455952,0.0002646671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32161227,0.00013310731,0.6762466,0.000021310558,0.00001918251,0.00022452703,0.00012046156,0.00016461313,0.0014579487],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966395,0.00007361926,0.0000209985,0.000039152023,0.00018060567,0.000021625183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946326,0.00021330439,0.000056933244,0.000092487775,0.000156932,0.000017033693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007765552,0.0005609318,0.0005107608,0.0005666534,0.00032871525,0.0004382346,0.0011030298,0.00065104483,0.0007065561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016526458,0.0003524564,0.0006255723,0.0003997337,0.00034177548,0.0009933913,0.0006127096,0.00072323263,0.000297144],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043395576,0.00006137783,0.0014830916,0.00006920402,0.000033680226,0.000099613884,0.00008191741,0.8479768,0.041482255,0.028777905,0.0004509804,0.079439715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035508715,0.000007952699,0.00010158236,0.0000015896102,0.0000021453404,0.000013468819,0.0000016908166,0.99630237,0.002278236,0.000868863,0.0004133817,0.0000052130113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002048158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012700562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002048158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000376097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072240084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041068792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233824713","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200010)17:3<113::aid-ppsc113>3.3.co;2-q","title":"Characterization of Fibres and Fibre Collectives with Common Laser Diffractometers","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Materials science; Laser; Optics; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.011600813322778432,"score_gpt":0.2017896578801251,"score_spread":0.19018884455734666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233824713","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68105364,0.002587591,0.30819672,0.0001073272,0.00014113034,0.00040528068,0.0016105722,0.00084422284,0.0050535346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7155881,0.0020993343,0.27442813,0.000044830645,0.00006501785,0.0005716651,0.001327734,0.00021284545,0.0056623626],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99738127,0.000181645,0.0002542582,0.0007567455,0.0011709426,0.0002551954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965199,0.00078303897,0.0006199531,0.00090645195,0.0009879797,0.00018254385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021081313,0.00052450487,0.0010177579,0.004042103,0.0012317484,0.00095571915,0.0009131003,0.0008082823,0.0020424158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025016943,0.0004346038,0.0005670938,0.0028563726,0.0012273226,0.0013114342,0.0012871976,0.0009400473,0.0006375709],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002324291,0.000049680744,0.003615715,0.0001885709,0.000020539093,0.00011114548,0.000787157,0.00062930264,0.97313255,0.0014213108,0.00019149261,0.019620053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000023776993,0.00031590537,0.019350372,0.000033727887,0.00006247346,0.00054172624,0.00050180365,0.0103222495,0.9582231,0.0010488976,0.009507896,0.00006804039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014727812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002878812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004042103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007311894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011148989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280488250","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202200057","title":"Nano‐Scale Particle Separation with Tilted Standing Surface Acoustic Wave: Experimental and Numerical Approaches","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Microchannel; Materials science; Fabrication; Tilt (camera); Controllability; Particle (ecology); Finite element method; Polystyrene; Standing wave; Optics; Surface acoustic wave; Acoustics; Aperture (computer memory); Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.029934063453033146,"score_gpt":0.21938201181180927,"score_spread":0.18944794835877612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280488250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7738962,0.00062078855,0.21271828,0.00022628802,0.000071940274,0.00014091765,0.00029534978,0.00046341307,0.011566819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8803187,0.00034199213,0.117915526,0.0000255008,0.000009828818,0.0001404241,0.00010633747,0.000028513874,0.0011130859],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999076,0.000010151632,0.000005564874,0.000012870982,0.000051889307,0.000011844376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974185,0.00012042866,0.000038231858,0.000036895282,0.000052597192,0.00000995515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037043638,0.0002695578,0.00025281266,0.00024951785,0.00033577628,0.0003834537,0.00046582235,0.00050859264,0.0016453172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052430644,0.00023543306,0.00025284762,0.00028985424,0.0004952406,0.0004601975,0.00027115305,0.00037667755,0.00018170514],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017814644,0.00040084712,0.0017881104,0.00039973127,0.00003754721,0.0001715693,0.00025860476,0.42073774,0.53523207,0.018839056,0.00043221482,0.021524413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018320996,0.000032072978,0.0002974193,0.00000489323,0.0000030912527,0.000012415715,0.000014909063,0.95651853,0.04208435,0.0006108261,0.0003923148,0.000010896993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001883116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014943954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001883116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000454902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048676206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005504191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292400817","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202200121","title":"Reversible and Irreversible HAuCl<sub>4</sub> Binding to DNA for Seeded Gold Nanoparticle Growth and Opposite DNA and Aptamers Colorimetric Sensing Outcomes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Aptamer; DNA; Chemistry; Adsorption; Colloidal gold; Biophysics; Biosensor; Nanoparticle; Combinatorial chemistry; Nanotechnology; Biochemistry; Materials science; Biology; Organic chemistry; Molecular biology","score_opus":0.01287084269467049,"score_gpt":0.23971791018239003,"score_spread":0.22684706748771954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4292400817","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9578632,0.0016548235,0.03508554,0.00014594139,0.00013464548,0.00016619444,0.00029649862,0.00042046513,0.0042326464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96221197,0.0005434276,0.031927533,0.00007220144,0.000013880468,0.00014116349,0.00020624493,0.000057210567,0.004826263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993333,0.00012017894,0.0000397882,0.00015033117,0.00026736068,0.00008900382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995751,0.00016454652,0.00007413532,0.000042580043,0.000103968785,0.000039621726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043613705,0.0005012051,0.00024400842,0.00024298274,0.00019730387,0.0003595976,0.00077201496,0.0006428181,0.00097481674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006467526,0.0004293478,0.00028156766,0.00015522625,0.000483184,0.00029425716,0.00030973606,0.0005189506,0.00049032917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021240887,0.000005801577,0.00003258348,0.000033022123,0.0000018287989,0.000021292948,0.000018749146,0.000053506737,0.9991078,0.000057841888,0.00001659567,0.0006298643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000019494557,0.000022471664,0.00015993236,8.1275635e-7,0.0000011835192,0.000016161657,0.000004387296,0.00040662108,0.99922824,0.000007361696,0.00014773324,0.0000031819332],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014799894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028393974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014799894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006577448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027927617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004772365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388199401","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202300080","title":"Templated Droplet Evaporation‐Based Supraparticles in Environmental Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; University of Alberta","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Evaporation; Materials science; Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.015309052582076162,"score_gpt":0.21147375294748214,"score_spread":0.19616470036540598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388199401","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5291249,0.11557391,0.299558,0.0008916069,0.0012507655,0.00049461256,0.001000548,0.0012971914,0.05080847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8964078,0.026666773,0.06376486,0.0003338722,0.00010104913,0.0001326396,0.00032134855,0.00011704446,0.012154552],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998497,0.0000186996,0.0000119348615,0.00003672002,0.00006664595,0.000016278907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999372,0.00001854926,0.000011674543,0.000011928384,0.000015667936,0.0000049877503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001959783,0.0002563909,0.0002383137,0.00018228542,0.00011384902,0.00037687132,0.00026069174,0.00040483775,0.00087791146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013624456,0.0001945898,0.00025136265,0.00016333025,0.00018234976,0.00033124766,0.00032137037,0.00045347784,0.0006066346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022020546,0.00002612382,0.000112442,0.00033158215,0.0000123170685,0.00019176891,0.000040277493,0.0009492046,0.97424954,0.003086506,0.00041107752,0.020567166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000051535244,0.00007464384,0.0003019848,0.000015082805,0.000010483584,0.0001245039,0.000012492296,0.0031772014,0.9770198,0.00029219032,0.01895789,0.000008628448],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024545254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063748675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00087791146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032390893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017600888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029368997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403584954","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400147","title":"Corn Stover Lignin as a Solid Acid Catalyst for the Esterification of Oleic Acid","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Corn stover; Lignin; Oleic acid; Catalysis; Solid acid; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Stover; Pulp and paper industry; Agronomy; Biochemistry; Hydrolysis; Biology; Crop","score_opus":0.014293644709495543,"score_gpt":0.2415847259976274,"score_spread":0.22729108128813186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403584954","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943672,0.00079515565,0.0028948728,0.000035531677,0.000018696668,0.000019406189,0.00009699282,0.000034687935,0.0017374265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973103,0.00032938254,0.0011416109,0.0000064838514,0.0000024435112,0.000004960425,0.000104323706,0.000006507267,0.0010939477],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998889,0.000015518253,0.000010310634,0.000018945108,0.00004222859,0.000024071087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999598,0.0000062873023,0.000009380856,0.000004861357,0.00001205222,0.0000076174438],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016653698,0.0002598503,0.00015486212,0.00035045162,0.00011879884,0.00024093168,0.00023401687,0.00023469904,0.0006454499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016419875,0.000097974786,0.00014725966,0.00033157467,0.000101536934,0.00018779795,0.0001624747,0.00024043233,0.0002533732],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051249717,0.000039327922,0.00021036403,0.000047288522,0.000008962021,0.000056002376,0.000013524635,0.00031103843,0.9952838,0.00012909193,0.00004303198,0.0038062683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000037048644,0.00008905678,0.0007536629,0.000003858671,0.000007556064,0.00002097818,0.000014197944,0.0012492775,0.9970493,0.00001545812,0.0007906636,0.0000022413417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010042212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002520284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010042212,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017485433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017357526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0021592975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408621478","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400230","title":"Effect of Nanoparticle Size on Cysteine‐Gold Surface Interactions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Western University","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Vetenskapsrådet; Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning","keywords":"Cysteine; Nanoparticle; Colloidal gold; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.00899411308113413,"score_gpt":0.25807696094729304,"score_spread":0.24908284786615892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408621478","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99527836,0.0011857675,0.0014229222,0.00007506401,0.000056887777,0.000024384944,0.0000636684,0.00004781754,0.0018451682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784684,0.000272492,0.0009787482,0.000054106687,0.000013166269,0.000018778006,0.00006071126,0.000012938951,0.0007422651],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994935,0.00012770615,0.000033043318,0.00012211922,0.00015037878,0.00007325962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989436,0.00070927356,0.00009959755,0.00004017916,0.0001381453,0.000069187794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005104469,0.00042841033,0.00029566043,0.00019638085,0.00018963369,0.0003451655,0.00029662348,0.0004446889,0.0014694065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001227107,0.00029909832,0.00026071264,0.00010494621,0.00030156737,0.00029443172,0.0002655167,0.0002539614,0.00027805852],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011611476,0.000019750965,0.00026185464,0.000042717333,0.0000150304295,0.000045236462,0.000032721044,0.00013745183,0.998197,0.000040389765,0.00004102534,0.0010507843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000052923606,0.0002181875,0.0016447833,0.0000029972527,0.000018101831,0.000043868124,0.000017434662,0.00093139516,0.9966859,0.0000163601,0.00041109507,0.0000045683305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007645262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00093910017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014694065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032981802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018905524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0049156547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}