{"meta":{"query_hash":"42e76a2b74d6","filters":{"venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology"},"cohort_total":11,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":11,"exported":11,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/42e76a2b74d6","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Philosophy+Theory+and+Practice+in+Biology"},"results":[{"id":"W3136188875","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.16039257.0013.001","title":"20220112","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.014370866811129078,"score_gpt":0.3249154531225754,"score_spread":0.3105445863114463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3136188875","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48187983,0.05356172,0.011552691,0.025668671,0.0011602473,0.00035097657,0.000092273614,0.00004377418,0.42568982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906963,0.003268016,0.0012637554,0.0038912024,0.00022765376,0.000008851944,0.00012552377,0.0000092460505,0.00050944014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985344,0.0008732849,0.00013466453,0.0002827766,0.000028484656,0.00014640324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930257,0.00032863297,0.000050034083,0.00021205132,0.000059097838,0.00004762882],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007470319,0.00009050746,0.00009585504,0.000027916201,0.0000453306,0.000008947168,0.000070694645,0.00014916927,0.00007072415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017936125,0.00008952439,0.000029914416,0.000072347415,0.00013195071,0.000005020441,0.000110365356,0.00011290009,0.000016873984],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00078622985,0.00018000584,0.0020966204,0.000013939851,0.00006674489,0.000029356243,0.00012263993,0.000033468797,0.16203113,0.8279063,0.00029211873,0.0064414097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089592644,0.0003173084,0.0018097078,0.000009562927,0.000031269537,0.0005650186,0.00037793163,0.00003612314,0.0045412644,0.67539674,0.3157132,0.0003059249],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030513077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013545481,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5088165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000044607996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049735412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36506987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3180693009","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.16039257.0013.004","title":"The Search for Ourselves in the Universe: A Review of “Contingency and Convergence: Toward a Cosmic Biology of Body and Mind”","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Dalhousie University","keywords":"COSMIC cancer database; Convergence (economics); Universe; Contingency; Astronomy; Physics; Theoretical physics; Astrophysics; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.09430664482752732,"score_gpt":0.4344982617058862,"score_spread":0.34019161687835886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3180693009","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00032398824,0.9944191,0.000021515409,0.002033769,0.00013958372,0.00073627615,0.0000906743,8.9551764e-7,0.0022342158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.015518753,0.98411274,0.000041821775,0.00008991702,0.00012856688,0.000057157402,0.000036826917,0.0000056251038,0.000008618974],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959806,0.0030038476,0.00046138334,0.00030471833,0.00004481999,0.00020462472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9889748,0.010297955,0.00043483998,0.00019777141,0.00006552814,0.000029114608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052198847,0.00017828045,0.0008459094,0.000075844895,0.0000772606,0.00001499223,0.00024821676,0.0001136428,0.000016157785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069251796,0.00009885919,0.00010566936,0.00024951185,0.0006853734,0.00009358581,0.00011991162,0.0002920726,5.070254e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009219597,0.000046301808,0.00023213237,0.0032040928,0.00009043034,0.0000011926558,0.00044379826,1.684578e-8,0.000008684094,0.6627333,0.00002598944,0.33312187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004606159,0.00037676506,0.000010593283,0.009474813,0.0004964944,0.000029681967,0.0038352995,0.0000015393525,0.000009551791,0.16615038,0.8189267,0.00022757829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000062987674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022747674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8189007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004951362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020404794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4031361},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210713159","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.2103","title":"Costs, Benefits, Parasites and Mutualists: The Use and Abuse of the Mutualism–Parasitism Continuum Concept for “Epichloë” Fungi","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Plant and fungal interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Wilfrid Laurier University","keywords":"Mutualism (biology); Parasitism; Biology; Epichloë; Endophyte; Ecology; Confusion; Symbiosis; Evolutionary biology; Botany; Host (biology); Paleontology; Psychology","score_opus":0.05391128105850141,"score_gpt":0.294192669403879,"score_spread":0.2402813883453776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210713159","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821803,0.007181001,0.0000021786748,0.008319385,0.00023413605,0.0004149518,0.0010899638,0.000011428706,0.0005666293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959026,0.0013533859,0.000027928145,0.0023814903,0.0001325023,0.00007395046,0.00006884019,0.0000012797617,0.000058006273],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998071,0.0012574521,0.00021215591,0.000238641,0.000056354296,0.00016436058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9824243,0.01722724,0.0001974284,0.0000691415,0.00004627202,0.000035580848],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009864605,0.00011908765,0.00017857448,0.000014296726,0.0005103067,0.0000461887,0.00017290509,0.00006865689,0.000036707825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001033959,0.000043754368,0.000041997813,0.00013039455,0.00037631043,0.00025000132,0.00012959712,0.00024716737,3.9605817e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013436021,0.00024397351,0.011576502,0.000009104625,0.00008665839,0.0000029423459,0.0030666788,0.0000037653062,0.035328664,0.9326557,0.0005254171,0.015157027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019822405,0.0017672714,0.15903662,0.00008546116,0.00029876197,0.0011479193,0.011481704,0.00007230582,0.0016889197,0.3220626,0.49968177,0.0006944188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002222902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029716254,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6105931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009980794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000046500763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39249182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281555430","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.2629","title":"When Virtues are Vices: 'Anti-Science' Epistemic Values in Environmental Politics","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Davis; University of Texas at Dallas","keywords":"Epistemology; Epistemic virtue; Epithet; Philosophy of science; Appeal; Politics; Epistemic community; Virtue; Sociology; Axiology; Order (exchange); Skepticism; Philosophy; Political science; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.03729349932894375,"score_gpt":0.3511249066930164,"score_spread":0.3138314073640726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281555430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76101094,0.010403896,0.000013256389,0.051906005,0.0010184541,0.00042651378,0.00008525976,0.00004953595,0.17508613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960459,0.001076766,0.00009922364,0.0023699363,0.00015034911,0.00004924382,0.0000058918604,0.000006176623,0.00019654121],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99449664,0.00423424,0.00026522993,0.00041751665,0.00016676601,0.00041959595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99508077,0.0044890647,0.00019087447,0.00016204503,0.000012792784,0.000064481785],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0073764795,0.0001289014,0.00024508554,0.0002046494,0.0014752753,0.000024011997,0.00036357724,0.000095834796,0.00015303423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016773208,0.00012956865,0.000030122235,0.00022507095,0.003152865,0.00031650055,0.00034436953,0.00040610525,0.00001278152],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019141602,0.00018395082,0.054349627,0.0000085921,0.000019125793,0.00004172695,0.05579294,0.0000046548275,0.00020330082,0.88865376,0.0000138273135,0.00053708494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024506586,0.00012725186,0.0060981116,0.0000075127878,0.0000137418665,0.000037716974,0.08721657,0.0000016345283,0.000016522195,0.8851043,0.020981545,0.0001500075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003255352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009161355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23503493,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017894423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011321611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281560518","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.2630","title":"The Perils of Polysemy: Racial Realism in the Real World","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Race, Genetics, and Society","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Polysemy; Epistemology; Rhetorical question; Realism; Sociology; Pluralism (philosophy); Race (biology); Agency (philosophy); Metis; Linguistics; Philosophy; Gender studies; Computer science","score_opus":0.018650496574892136,"score_gpt":0.3309604998012773,"score_spread":0.31231000322638514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281560518","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9049899,0.011279613,0.000025999878,0.014647002,0.00046353423,0.00042036703,0.0000644154,0.000006201388,0.06810296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99306744,0.004341826,0.000064320455,0.0019408362,0.00033791363,0.00006242067,0.00003656586,0.000009289,0.00013940826],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957462,0.003412762,0.00026985857,0.00026905222,0.00008793525,0.00021419792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977719,0.001653721,0.00016878289,0.00035340028,0.00002920507,0.000022987344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047486397,0.000112355556,0.00014366528,0.00004263135,0.0003158876,0.000013467037,0.00034455812,0.000087595545,0.000014530242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00086087506,0.00007660406,0.00006345765,0.00017033436,0.0004686056,0.000005787453,0.00020691822,0.0003178102,6.230516e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0053305076,0.00034472576,0.005082185,0.000017141567,0.0001194791,0.000015261427,0.0138066625,0.000059188096,0.050152488,0.9128314,0.000511314,0.011729629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012561755,0.0010711073,0.0054178773,0.000006738414,0.000051956766,0.000082810075,0.012439627,0.000013516454,0.0018353576,0.5567653,0.42073497,0.00032457212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011387087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018957225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42022365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012119022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005924847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31238228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293166210","doi":"10.3998/.2629","title":"When Virtues are Vices: 'Anti-Science' Epistemic Values in Environmental Politics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Davis; University of Texas at Dallas","keywords":"Epistemology; Epistemic virtue; Epithet; Philosophy of science; Epistemic community; Politics; Appeal; Virtue; Sociology; Axiology; Philosophy; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.03919928136699587,"score_gpt":0.3593671470205081,"score_spread":0.32016786565351224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4293166210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6680662,0.018342948,0.000029310777,0.06154258,0.000890029,0.00026080306,0.000043588123,0.000043301832,0.25078124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99349815,0.0035083143,0.0002525183,0.0022594002,0.0002059558,0.000013778114,0.0000058474184,0.000005681326,0.00025035226],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99563915,0.0031071831,0.00027057578,0.0004464388,0.00012284501,0.00041383164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99455345,0.00500555,0.00015349974,0.00017982179,0.00003127808,0.00007643228],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004558659,0.00013474359,0.00027207693,0.000128829,0.0006382325,0.00003742369,0.00023023513,0.00018361586,0.000079779486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037431594,0.00013049631,0.000032325966,0.00021380043,0.0034023784,0.0003845461,0.00017900977,0.00028933006,0.00002497357],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000091083355,0.00016182187,0.059274886,0.000014561297,0.000023502951,0.00009601976,0.035400417,8.0193416e-7,0.000563933,0.9036787,0.000008109599,0.00068615325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024363685,0.000051466337,0.010283949,0.000028140574,0.000017671808,0.000048848062,0.05443678,8.512409e-7,0.00015317951,0.92378604,0.01079418,0.00015526671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016839609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022147677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32543197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009748619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016539924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391209668","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.5563","title":"Towards a More General Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection: A Manifesto","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Université Laval","funders":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Environmental science","score_opus":0.009035518421346233,"score_gpt":0.3109079090445678,"score_spread":0.3018723906232215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391209668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7685709,0.12798285,0.05992296,0.008048954,0.0015750928,0.0006059819,0.00019962096,0.000094431365,0.032999184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99652445,0.0010485618,0.0008770608,0.00059839844,0.00031142143,0.000017547312,0.00011820574,0.000014726125,0.0004896232],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99833757,0.0008648757,0.000216954,0.00034946622,0.000056401113,0.00017475418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940825,0.00027611275,0.000068596535,0.00014326989,0.00006191985,0.00004185516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001216458,0.00014530488,0.00013897949,0.00008535074,0.00004756364,0.0000130215185,0.00010339175,0.00020964404,0.000025634143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061401556,0.00012942476,0.000057449288,0.00015193397,0.0002660198,0.000015175846,0.00007535968,0.00020487644,0.0000041597477],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011809836,0.00007724566,0.00023559423,0.00004694754,0.00010597653,0.000004268345,0.00017537911,0.000032532425,0.21496902,0.77764803,0.00032574462,0.0051982654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007746605,0.0009954375,0.0013980641,0.000051270323,0.00011671127,0.0008239303,0.0004417664,0.0013969364,0.0067747897,0.93570405,0.051057953,0.00046441393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001756658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007307165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22795354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022700187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077873476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52777886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393176896","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.5258","title":"The Scope of Reciprocal Causation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Intellectual Property Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry","score_opus":0.0587325278057389,"score_gpt":0.40170201221102547,"score_spread":0.3429694844052866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393176896","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00702314,0.019730372,0.00020735819,0.04828673,0.00073767174,0.0002342997,0.0000030478022,0.00003529625,0.92374206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933938,0.0055940966,0.00005621549,0.00041284395,0.00025623388,0.00000940991,9.9845e-7,0.0000040839695,0.00027236747],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968145,0.0027252284,0.00014326477,0.00013113004,0.00005886884,0.00012703583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98388225,0.015934251,0.00003986756,0.000075343756,0.000048258098,0.000020006995],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006189124,0.00004768618,0.00007051933,0.000040331208,0.0002220167,0.000035537498,0.000110213434,0.00008938575,0.00008414717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010942583,0.000029372783,0.000017465738,0.00017647298,0.00082273426,0.00022038654,0.000031925174,0.00018434752,0.00003637411],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035459138,0.00001200602,0.0000065584936,0.000007635646,0.000013487258,0.0000021440442,0.0066521573,3.6872103e-7,0.00040924194,0.9503411,0.00006701924,0.04213371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029023033,0.00007264626,0.00000498054,0.00001940265,0.000007218759,0.0000043819537,0.00079104915,0.0000055313244,0.00018528607,0.71244365,0.28640342,0.000033451448],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002659808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015504386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9863706,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022510954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008370283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99738866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402995353","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.5492","title":"Sex and the Riddle of Variability","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Intellectual Property Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.045360382166053904,"score_gpt":0.36434791742478606,"score_spread":0.31898753525873214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402995353","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020434313,0.0056304233,0.00032732412,0.054899976,0.00035982273,0.00032141246,0.000007305541,0.000033000964,0.9179864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978006,0.0010583445,0.00006676232,0.0007263397,0.00016824102,0.000008810199,5.244861e-7,0.000003298345,0.00016710548],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9913528,0.008172731,0.0001417813,0.00017093451,0.000047380552,0.00011438703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.95931345,0.040504504,0.00003498914,0.00009543341,0.000030040084,0.000021572883],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.018081551,0.00005554519,0.00012843484,0.000032104115,0.00013674151,0.000026402877,0.00010172098,0.00009067899,0.00014690978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.019184832,0.000032295196,0.00002039452,0.00013204462,0.0022076918,0.00017320609,0.000060456514,0.00020945177,0.000008758997],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00059359794,0.000019866467,0.000041667772,0.000017775217,0.000021589389,0.000001521086,0.02242412,1.8255682e-7,0.00008376567,0.9691101,0.000014376674,0.007671447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012227792,0.000043490934,0.0000066072016,0.000010922895,0.000018156394,0.000008508644,0.0013415568,0.000030488649,0.000045754285,0.93344927,0.06488134,0.00004162832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046266816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003283137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97736627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011593686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051071765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.989077},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403325871","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.5657","title":"Generalized Selected Effects Functions and Ecology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Intellectual Property Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Collège Lionel Groulx","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.032601446984973345,"score_gpt":0.351419069492491,"score_spread":0.31881762250751766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403325871","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3714896,0.019402782,0.00039441237,0.06949967,0.0025539375,0.0008582437,0.000012682344,0.00034419165,0.5354445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954292,0.0016481036,0.00014366388,0.0015518862,0.00040737903,0.000037032594,0.0000055937785,0.000009545259,0.00076756265],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946887,0.0046080193,0.00013146191,0.00028943035,0.00004223595,0.00024013782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98410815,0.015672423,0.00002965684,0.00007421482,0.00005559973,0.000059982314],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025111015,0.00009890938,0.00015056915,0.00012638689,0.00029575074,0.00005717526,0.000075036616,0.00020345165,0.00023066225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009945787,0.00008016347,0.00001855727,0.00034015757,0.00066407694,0.00026862058,0.000048512804,0.00030159036,0.00008121196],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039146366,0.000027946326,0.00013311465,0.000023059963,0.000049639784,0.000022344862,0.005208954,4.1871405e-7,0.001400161,0.9853352,0.00021577685,0.0071919705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000210347,0.00026112373,0.00012172161,0.00001767515,0.000047034744,0.000057570083,0.00043593542,0.00002879375,0.00007078502,0.800849,0.19777128,0.00012873807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027152567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027101973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62393963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035117675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009508552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99839383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412073151","doi":"10.3998/ptpbio.5905","title":"Are There Two Sexes? Yes and No, But Mostly No (and Gender is Something Else Anyway – More or Less)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology","topic":"Intellectual Property Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","score_opus":0.10881129633776786,"score_gpt":0.40963512178818834,"score_spread":0.30082382545042047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412073151","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3684508,0.0070837294,0.00008270392,0.047949534,0.00059561967,0.0005394941,0.00003658169,0.00007412886,0.57518744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983382,0.0021617066,0.00030676508,0.011901314,0.00026383813,0.0000172952,0.0000017460071,0.000011903544,0.0019534254],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99626863,0.0026937968,0.00021627008,0.0004258369,0.0000901001,0.00030539228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98938215,0.010080735,0.00016519574,0.00016415266,0.0001354189,0.000072340714],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033115067,0.00017777593,0.0002720505,0.00011126346,0.0005417542,0.00009890373,0.00018329671,0.0002510218,0.00037461147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010885399,0.00012796347,0.000026800722,0.00020196536,0.0011459319,0.00047863065,0.00017660725,0.000445508,0.000026347121],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020586592,0.00007601147,0.0012075077,0.000082939296,0.000108566186,0.000027502856,0.02079169,5.472586e-7,0.0009659197,0.9679915,0.00024774222,0.006441424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000580083,0.0001315833,0.00020921102,0.000053148375,0.000065828455,0.000024119121,0.016479263,0.00002579998,0.00017899762,0.88498783,0.0970003,0.00026384406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000504874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002159942,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6149312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033014163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009243568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99744636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}