{"meta":{"query_hash":"5b12b534e649","filters":{"venue":"Physics Education"},"cohort_total":27,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":27,"exported":27,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/5b12b534e649","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Physics+Education"},"results":[{"id":"W1979804508","doi":"10.1088/0031-9120/40/1/002","title":"Journey to Mars: the physics of travelling to the red planet","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Astronomer; Mars Exploration Program; Planet; Astrobiology; Atmosphere (unit); Solar System; Kepler; Copernicus; Ptolemy's table of chords; Motion (physics); Astronomy; Physics; History; Meteorology; Classics","score_opus":0.036768947794311536,"score_gpt":0.30294802615533195,"score_spread":0.2661790783610204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979804508","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.041419532,0.06568943,0.12629642,0.16286394,0.013031717,0.0001113645,0.0004507394,0.0010683765,0.58906853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.62267375,0.060603455,0.08732302,0.014438861,0.008843801,0.00027397354,0.00044913296,0.0010375361,0.20435649],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977857,0.000088752684,0.0000062217555,0.00003910658,0.000058950594,0.000028369037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996464,0.00017501373,0.000027922779,0.000034434946,0.000040250856,0.00007590771],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041564988,0.00041929263,0.00020066198,0.0006474458,0.0038375843,0.0038961193,0.0009512619,0.002069956,0.012192546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020847677,0.00025144557,0.0004074581,0.00067589217,0.005015395,0.0057506417,0.001860696,0.0030840938,0.0018190424],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024518053,0.000028927812,0.00033948992,0.00015660195,0.0000063487214,0.00016406065,0.0035985936,0.0011802131,0.00043188376,0.89742535,0.07341144,0.023232501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010633116,0.000029067063,0.0006775067,0.00008928388,0.0000055653613,0.0004023843,0.00115049,0.002432157,0.00034831598,0.54378545,0.45103866,0.000030603565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034780125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002514027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012192546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013069548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00103106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.040788114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022158645","doi":"10.1088/0031-9120/43/5/002","title":"The physics of Colonel Kittinger’s longest lonely leap","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Physics education; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.017905167601007615,"score_gpt":0.2704807752515134,"score_spread":0.25257560765050574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022158645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5903935,0.0014984421,0.04490479,0.011121676,0.0006754111,0.00015038543,0.00034468537,0.00040263767,0.35050848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95079076,0.0004468942,0.010096289,0.00022131286,0.000052974705,0.000050269413,0.00006645404,0.000053246495,0.038221788],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998228,0.000047733745,0.000003739748,0.000030469088,0.000044356704,0.00005099805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999762,0.00010115611,0.000017122415,0.000019081916,0.000036951664,0.000063689724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026791188,0.00030519877,0.00024341658,0.00044895284,0.0038318445,0.0013840727,0.00096275914,0.0017299001,0.008272322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010954442,0.00020337343,0.0002937154,0.00031672846,0.0022945155,0.0015944851,0.0012271403,0.0011468317,0.0004996391],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022170352,0.00011493811,0.0064138253,0.00023293988,0.00004555766,0.016587283,0.011050824,0.16412134,0.0038452242,0.7524669,0.024275461,0.020624064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012586474,0.00047369077,0.015518027,0.00043005915,0.000053238753,0.007923369,0.018376168,0.3380276,0.003897924,0.26413915,0.3507667,0.0002681565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05743078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.056759395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05743078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014466081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11419296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041885605","doi":"10.1088/0031-9120/44/3/004","title":"Projectile motion on an inclined misty surface: I. Capturing and analysing the trajectory","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Projectile; Projectile motion; Inclined plane; Trajectory; Motion (physics); Trajectory of a projectile; Plane (geometry); Physics; Range of a projectile; Surface (topology); Classical mechanics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011440148759685381,"score_gpt":0.2912077338234859,"score_spread":0.2797675850638005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041885605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8762428,0.00030239497,0.11876721,0.0000936918,0.00003079435,0.0001186615,0.0003059172,0.00025906268,0.003879373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95205986,0.00033495502,0.045704238,0.000018062688,0.000009534084,0.000039376606,0.00016339902,0.000029744546,0.001640923],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998671,0.0000117907575,0.0000052230384,0.00002218673,0.00006966628,0.0000240763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997943,0.000044777655,0.000042438154,0.000040241874,0.00005998945,0.000018363975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014460568,0.00022239918,0.00020316994,0.00045141432,0.00021573807,0.00036675893,0.00025092563,0.00036207505,0.0010860561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004084274,0.00013704537,0.00013178111,0.00041830514,0.00037326114,0.00052143395,0.00048014778,0.00037759563,0.00030709096],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035404187,0.00004938528,0.013463832,0.00020534445,0.000016495824,0.0006007712,0.00073711894,0.011999205,0.8719753,0.0018224226,0.0006376809,0.09813841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000032735585,0.00088235794,0.10967442,0.00008122939,0.000023815259,0.0024712875,0.0017888626,0.23530202,0.6410161,0.0015735461,0.007040835,0.000112789065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013249643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009051554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013249643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017795185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019251583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036332011},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117651860","doi":"10.1088/0031-9120/48/5/670","title":"Molasses or crowds: making sense of the Higgs boson with two popular analogies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Higgs boson; Large Hadron Collider; Particle physics; Meaning (existential); Crowds; Physics; Higgs mechanism; Phenomenon; Higgs field; Theoretical physics; Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.01764048750997881,"score_gpt":0.3004289649064795,"score_spread":0.2827884773965007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117651860","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.117134415,0.034106582,0.15228218,0.18852402,0.0034398087,0.00016746153,0.0004361339,0.00051226,0.5033971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93311566,0.009589038,0.025089102,0.012235862,0.0015962841,0.00017741158,0.00017631406,0.00013546782,0.017885016],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99672604,0.0016300746,0.00015653981,0.0006548546,0.00063340616,0.00019911725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99452066,0.0036300747,0.00054229447,0.000619798,0.00036851008,0.00031870455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027738302,0.00075775204,0.00056039845,0.0024636022,0.003278115,0.006862754,0.0018669883,0.0041203685,0.007062338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013509635,0.0003619137,0.000681689,0.0015821091,0.02859473,0.02208283,0.0062563336,0.004438316,0.00088404637],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004903772,0.000020809237,0.0010363807,0.00013637201,0.00001931674,0.0003401433,0.015035997,0.0004041679,0.00026960412,0.9565041,0.005307074,0.020877028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018878436,0.00001714687,0.0006670592,0.00012829063,0.000011653495,0.00030693578,0.0049392455,0.0010916118,0.00017445977,0.9415288,0.051087294,0.000028678463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018812438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001277512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007062338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015884428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009397764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02362591},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2394905104","doi":"10.1088/0031-9120/51/4/045009","title":"Helping secondary school students develop a conceptual understanding of refraction","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Essar Steel Algoma (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Refraction; Secondary education; Concept learning; Science education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.15439980235099193,"score_gpt":0.43913929298581644,"score_spread":0.2847394906348245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2394905104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87132907,0.00061189034,0.04005972,0.0027352239,0.00015504849,0.0004523558,0.00009495014,0.0008869349,0.08367476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89774364,0.0012582438,0.06708065,0.00065397617,0.000026455149,0.00021145325,0.00021054412,0.000085368134,0.032729633],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999231,0.00022221905,0.000048904418,0.00013375573,0.00023350427,0.00013066389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969637,0.0013284559,0.00033598684,0.00026765626,0.00063515425,0.0004690826],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013719427,0.00069571997,0.00052685005,0.0008897434,0.0014611906,0.0043928097,0.0010916818,0.0021457789,0.007215414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006109341,0.0003689222,0.00059665146,0.0004193422,0.0014215438,0.0023903137,0.0025600672,0.0023583635,0.0029124885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028021776,0.007714526,0.060055155,0.0016966019,0.000054648644,0.0036096307,0.20520215,0.0062955655,0.07576168,0.045586873,0.048644662,0.54509836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022958971,0.0031818277,0.053906657,0.0019668136,0.00016139718,0.005864576,0.12953117,0.018957255,0.061737586,0.0738034,0.650374,0.00028575925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012662393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002492424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007215414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010283941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021171928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024137974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528374421","doi":"10.1088/0031-9120/51/6/065015","title":"In harmony: inquiry based learning in a blended physics and music class","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Harmony (color); Class (philosophy); Physics education; The arts; Pedagogy; Physics; Computer science; Sociology; Visual arts; Psychology; Art; Optics","score_opus":0.02002322169844586,"score_gpt":0.2842925586373535,"score_spread":0.26426933693890764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2528374421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8207906,0.00020448641,0.05413925,0.0026259697,0.0006193285,0.0014489085,0.0005581462,0.0022182243,0.117395125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8073918,0.00021886567,0.08586239,0.0011376436,0.00022554869,0.0009121282,0.00072623196,0.000595245,0.10293017],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868125,0.00032984253,0.000042806252,0.0004194328,0.0002440806,0.00028258972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840754,0.00027544523,0.00004484259,0.00014940432,0.000098975,0.0010237066],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015075426,0.00074178365,0.0007204696,0.00079591497,0.0031647694,0.0052516423,0.0028679466,0.0019516123,0.015541168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028013547,0.0003195446,0.00071895384,0.00041923285,0.0014121694,0.0024434356,0.006850169,0.0022217203,0.00521296],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022269518,0.03094225,0.014625165,0.00076436135,0.000095432566,0.004086021,0.15142992,0.004930842,0.07576835,0.034658715,0.062631786,0.61784023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010506051,0.0121965045,0.041576754,0.0004064982,0.00014161611,0.0036235075,0.09080646,0.023250094,0.04721095,0.065054506,0.71418196,0.0005004834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051775586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013123858,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015541168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078553305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010859945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05199039},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889752768","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/aadb28","title":"Coefficient of kinematic friction from damped oscillatory motion","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Kinematics; Acceleration; Classification of discontinuities; Mechanics; Displacement (psychology); Physics; Dry friction; Classical mechanics; Drag; Motion (physics); Linear motion; Drag coefficient; Amplitude; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Materials science; Optics","score_opus":0.008957065860525372,"score_gpt":0.2686662111135146,"score_spread":0.2597091452529892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889752768","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40785238,0.0039880644,0.55703264,0.00029458056,0.00058484974,0.00012675529,0.00074462994,0.0007080348,0.028668052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827739,0.0008230044,0.013083889,0.00002472464,0.00002631392,0.000021522932,0.00021285017,0.00008200723,0.0029517198],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994535,0.000056679582,0.000027778175,0.00007717109,0.00033064553,0.000054264034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859625,0.0006829977,0.00020916296,0.00013307879,0.0003223738,0.000056145585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004443554,0.00055022707,0.00044083042,0.0022105826,0.000181411,0.0007797141,0.0006010145,0.00027633173,0.0034868224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0059498674,0.00021702111,0.00021562251,0.00063893927,0.00051925215,0.00089746504,0.00068051735,0.00071037613,0.00048252355],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034281047,0.00015233594,0.009631648,0.0010768565,0.00011737542,0.000923194,0.0010900772,0.102478005,0.48700044,0.21661703,0.0041601197,0.17641002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054560784,0.00017239149,0.021530014,0.0002863505,0.000052655167,0.001433805,0.00018509534,0.77214885,0.12821859,0.060489677,0.015225287,0.00020275271],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010232311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065857754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034868224,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033358487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031769412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011664569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913900795","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/aaf95d","title":"Engaging physics teacher-candidates in the production of science demonstration videos","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Practicum; Coursework; Outreach; Amateur; Graduation (instrument); Science education; Mathematics education; Science communication; Event (particle physics); Physics education; Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Physics; Psychology; Engineering; Political science","score_opus":0.028731505657416976,"score_gpt":0.36437168787693197,"score_spread":0.33564018221951497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2913900795","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84567416,0.00024436897,0.0334756,0.0027227618,0.00044246216,0.0014487238,0.0004121883,0.0008213067,0.114758424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95141023,0.00018344926,0.022047475,0.00035130055,0.00009039041,0.0007819543,0.00026056095,0.00011992098,0.0247546],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998434,0.00095627457,0.000033995664,0.00015488146,0.0001597015,0.00026102632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934343,0.003702517,0.00036591158,0.00032128993,0.0005354389,0.0016405763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029409425,0.0003733816,0.00018572765,0.00032602646,0.0011923097,0.0017994042,0.00059558585,0.00090466085,0.01616768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01278891,0.00018700995,0.00021135228,0.00014838926,0.00059222884,0.0008468388,0.0024214943,0.00096646877,0.0037825382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019979735,0.009033912,0.038021095,0.0018087304,0.000046201774,0.0065324996,0.21281354,0.0037825238,0.126096,0.019061262,0.08756813,0.4932382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063187134,0.0069208075,0.07352011,0.001111847,0.00006075636,0.0028789036,0.11964754,0.010631951,0.045261536,0.008424267,0.7306537,0.00025665617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006669184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023904515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01616768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051752053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00088320364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.054086268},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985444736","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ab4de6","title":"A new perspective of how to understand entropy in thermodynamics","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Entropy (arrow of time); Thermodynamics; Laws of thermodynamics; Caloric theory; Analogy; Second law of thermodynamics; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Thermal physics; Thermal; Physics; Statistical physics; Theoretical physics; Epistemology","score_opus":0.007279799435430327,"score_gpt":0.26938498777798364,"score_spread":0.2621051883425533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2985444736","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020692341,0.058028728,0.3299343,0.26377895,0.020472286,0.00006873698,0.00048670173,0.00039770745,0.30614024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78605944,0.028162714,0.07736667,0.029770715,0.035995413,0.00022881509,0.00018448936,0.00050608086,0.04172565],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837023,0.0008425989,0.0000721239,0.00022962237,0.00037797037,0.00010742044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971897,0.0019964846,0.00012952626,0.00021763262,0.00031815073,0.00014847456],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030010073,0.0009932905,0.0011579655,0.0025926929,0.002121179,0.004608249,0.0019474844,0.0035350213,0.0067088404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004943562,0.0004091848,0.0010298063,0.001089096,0.01824219,0.015841762,0.0026636298,0.007842172,0.0012177229],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028505215,0.0000023607577,0.00001973105,0.000021563777,0.0000023179905,0.000018760536,0.00011647665,0.00022884064,0.00006046955,0.99739397,0.00123378,0.000898825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000026486355,0.000004092503,0.000026636963,0.000017841101,0.0000015415299,0.000022434293,0.000041763593,0.0009645926,0.000060425584,0.9855402,0.013312387,0.0000053776516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014119833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012023774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0067088404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022286824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000945487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022443295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990516456","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ab525d","title":"Determining Planck’s constant with LEDs—what could possibly go wrong?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Light-emitting diode; Planck; Physics; Planck energy; Planck constant; Constant (computer programming); Energy (signal processing); Diode; Optoelectronics; Optics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Planck scale","score_opus":0.005870681730203754,"score_gpt":0.2512534614502647,"score_spread":0.24538277972006098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990516456","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.040309306,0.14011283,0.19116099,0.4596733,0.053738173,0.00020879495,0.00134874,0.0040434813,0.109404385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.62968117,0.0684327,0.15272072,0.08932295,0.011897163,0.0006531018,0.0008653554,0.0027812694,0.0436456],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9904789,0.0038464007,0.00034590097,0.0016943332,0.0028623017,0.00077209284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97537416,0.013384816,0.0013899204,0.00405107,0.004872623,0.0009273067],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015377675,0.0019489708,0.002461804,0.0020549968,0.0026715293,0.005627679,0.005029323,0.004993456,0.01281743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.063528985,0.0012467603,0.0021319867,0.0021580164,0.0076380307,0.022450559,0.0041088327,0.012531879,0.0070771887],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004434796,0.0003148419,0.0080521805,0.0027388132,0.0006219535,0.00071255787,0.0014499282,0.0042682304,0.014969447,0.6090686,0.16852061,0.18883939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000092474496,0.00017989692,0.0037303406,0.0011837442,0.00018644608,0.00052391924,0.0011966081,0.005084432,0.03040527,0.6815939,0.27539137,0.00043157453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0053634103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028817097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015377675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0044518188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018949808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08132589},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991976865","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ab537d","title":"The giant, the wintermaker, and the hunter: contextual ethnoastronomy towards cultivating empathy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Empathy; Science education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.030009279465367352,"score_gpt":0.3640737755793154,"score_spread":0.33406449611394806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991976865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609174,0.0005900892,0.0036155945,0.0040395367,0.000068215435,0.00007251509,0.000013925049,0.00001894408,0.03066374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984805,0.00016669271,0.00053938327,0.00022960766,0.000009246837,0.000032409418,0.000002555388,0.000008514069,0.0005310784],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98167086,0.015968034,0.00017569972,0.00055406895,0.00056861655,0.0010627928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98731714,0.01026731,0.00077969726,0.00056691916,0.00033767734,0.0007312015],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014871164,0.0004911609,0.000474094,0.0027217332,0.021057924,0.010166303,0.0015599977,0.0018076926,0.0027176247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012574086,0.0004641584,0.00022359795,0.0015280633,0.055951722,0.0073965066,0.01746534,0.003449394,0.00012639513],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008827932,0.000030039124,0.0014896769,0.000035817462,0.0000022321062,0.00022178367,0.9868717,0.000019347664,0.00029440632,0.0090473015,0.00019387883,0.0017849113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000243077,0.0000129519785,0.0010354095,0.00007047724,0.0000021091703,0.00009495595,0.990998,0.000034440753,0.00014884499,0.002540541,0.0050554075,0.0000043726586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005057083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012650421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021057924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003979693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041055637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0786472},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012167227","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ab764e","title":"Guiding lights: a classroom light system for knowing when to chase aurora","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychology","score_opus":0.027941296261057832,"score_gpt":0.28081081498411337,"score_spread":0.2528695187230555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3012167227","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19158778,0.0007166508,0.60786813,0.0030104625,0.0005687486,0.0016459547,0.0014784251,0.079657726,0.113466054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6250853,0.00051105255,0.30396223,0.0012473617,0.00016363892,0.0011946309,0.000951711,0.0022929378,0.06459106],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995498,0.00013906969,0.000024367473,0.00009558694,0.00012976884,0.00006129325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892104,0.00046773048,0.000049450828,0.0001492191,0.0001715113,0.00024112282],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077806524,0.0005411026,0.00024922873,0.00053830055,0.00081456883,0.0016309081,0.0012210777,0.0008658486,0.025545994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021610826,0.00031267334,0.00026476895,0.00020183476,0.00048128483,0.0014356456,0.0023607688,0.0009866129,0.006260782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015457714,0.0013312523,0.00798746,0.0007631896,0.00006942882,0.0010531684,0.010756921,0.004827955,0.14168337,0.025887918,0.08966745,0.71442604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006809286,0.0016948108,0.00824888,0.0004343868,0.00016736102,0.001072039,0.0038100276,0.051942166,0.09433053,0.019254988,0.81795764,0.00040625955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011839523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023855825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025545994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004054199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070738647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08545983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022988659","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ab807f","title":"A Coulomb’s pendulum simulator","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Saint-Boniface","funders":"","keywords":"Coulomb; Software; Interpretation (philosophy); Set (abstract data type); Replicate; Pendulum; Electromagnetism; Computer science; Process (computing); Simple (philosophy); Simulation; Theoretical physics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Epistemology; Programming language","score_opus":0.013827386232436347,"score_gpt":0.27309019380859684,"score_spread":0.2592628075761605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022988659","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36485693,0.0006231859,0.50084573,0.0020341463,0.0009658602,0.0007555594,0.007282252,0.009915009,0.11272134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88865143,0.0002279112,0.09105164,0.00022431166,0.000041464133,0.00059421797,0.0024183535,0.0006133582,0.016177393],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999759,0.00006952212,0.000013088394,0.000032007338,0.0000921527,0.000034266734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989613,0.0006316122,0.000032996886,0.00008356126,0.00021077535,0.00007971366],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006346079,0.00044021918,0.0006374667,0.00044702707,0.0005000684,0.000788163,0.0016845593,0.0017320252,0.017632846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028378426,0.00029086962,0.000499267,0.00054049253,0.00044266006,0.00059859233,0.0009408201,0.0008192862,0.001207448],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026179996,0.00028413834,0.0020767546,0.00026324778,0.00007648734,0.0004134413,0.0002163774,0.927655,0.0060677025,0.030658465,0.0104474,0.021579228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006503869,0.00004889366,0.00016039412,0.000012666258,0.0000070819774,0.000018307413,0.000019891488,0.9917606,0.00125063,0.0022925637,0.0043527093,0.000011124548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006316594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037267986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017632846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042379182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011043693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.058987737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044897510","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ab9b17","title":"Angular acceleration of the non-linear pendulum","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Angular acceleration; Angular velocity; Angular displacement; Acceleration; Pendulum; Physics; Amplitude; Circular motion; Oscillation (cell signaling); Displacement (psychology); Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Optics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.015207236664234394,"score_gpt":0.26995860794856397,"score_spread":0.25475137128432956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3044897510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72999686,0.00075779157,0.1855983,0.001074716,0.0012688104,0.00015977837,0.0017423272,0.0022234446,0.07717801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803091,0.0001318921,0.005773774,0.0000703866,0.000036562153,0.000023949067,0.00035882514,0.000044826804,0.013250728],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998863,0.000017102315,0.000004519612,0.000030182155,0.000045953737,0.000015865899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986124,0.00003149054,0.000014461995,0.000014601704,0.000059349393,0.00001892331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014218637,0.00031763295,0.00021194718,0.00037080614,0.00021181305,0.00040075983,0.00018402796,0.00026653835,0.012809492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008015548,0.00014793873,0.00015581142,0.00029300916,0.00020243166,0.0002889693,0.000363267,0.00024306338,0.0016312592],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014985289,0.00015635965,0.02393284,0.0006685437,0.00013788351,0.0020379352,0.0010859102,0.097143054,0.35460046,0.03739569,0.028613826,0.452729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013515876,0.0010450323,0.08925594,0.00012697415,0.000053125037,0.00063245534,0.00050912733,0.8045049,0.056923274,0.009323803,0.03738182,0.000108408574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002557037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019885586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012809492,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018282329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023089912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.042851985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3049042591","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/aba76a","title":"The magnetic pendulum and weather","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Pendulum; Chaotic; Analogy; Butterfly effect; Computer science; Motion (physics); Double pendulum; Classical mechanics; Physics; Inverted pendulum; Artificial intelligence; Nonlinear system; Astronomy","score_opus":0.014866963531491337,"score_gpt":0.25154203568384065,"score_spread":0.23667507215234931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3049042591","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65952736,0.0028590274,0.13059944,0.01308444,0.0015886711,0.00004686991,0.0003846385,0.00086881977,0.19104066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918893,0.00033136868,0.0034883013,0.00012303512,0.000051807747,0.000008228975,0.000028448114,0.000025194333,0.004054348],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992776,0.00002970282,0.0000016452092,0.00000889725,0.000018713461,0.0000132806545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997601,0.00013583188,0.000023872808,0.000017178778,0.000029816405,0.000033282784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017544019,0.00014891798,0.00021089171,0.0001805797,0.0006304189,0.00091229635,0.00024171213,0.00057448575,0.007925544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014095784,0.00009839734,0.00014815047,0.0001756953,0.00079651584,0.00085939834,0.0007935608,0.0004903666,0.00039904035],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014622627,0.000043120643,0.0034673968,0.0001280052,0.000028498398,0.00034072436,0.00036065208,0.49401313,0.0079780435,0.44639167,0.012209207,0.034893304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049590213,0.00007903255,0.0025972154,0.00004736956,0.000010757558,0.000091697635,0.0002507858,0.7828796,0.0022983206,0.184838,0.026820319,0.00003734451],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004965875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021024672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007925544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004887166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004878506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026513577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3120411928","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/abdae7","title":"Project ThaiPASS: international outreach blending astronomy and Python","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; University of Hull; Division of Physics; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Számítástechnikai és Automatizálási Kutatóintézet; University of Victoria; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Outreach; Python (programming language); Context (archaeology); Science education; Physics education","score_opus":0.021689677445920878,"score_gpt":0.30644040833663994,"score_spread":0.28475073089071906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3120411928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40612626,0.0011880609,0.25910327,0.021186799,0.0034128292,0.009617793,0.008999204,0.03732154,0.2530442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6050848,0.0008828881,0.24290113,0.005947472,0.00040622786,0.0077303103,0.011605294,0.007665623,0.117776185],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99218774,0.004104412,0.00021658889,0.00073958724,0.0012315274,0.0015201693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97995603,0.003069959,0.0006324582,0.0019990804,0.0028246639,0.011517738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010290094,0.0010026805,0.00037459185,0.0008842887,0.0026367025,0.0039191456,0.0018769911,0.0011529992,0.04054532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012055142,0.00047792084,0.0006323137,0.0008603746,0.0025035264,0.00410057,0.016835457,0.0025881047,0.010661449],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016154463,0.00370081,0.027957702,0.0022596894,0.000086219974,0.0015065027,0.06396513,0.0035999054,0.023677606,0.020602295,0.32008675,0.53094184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027061778,0.0018164848,0.015753122,0.0006467412,0.00003238721,0.00092267676,0.031087069,0.0039957487,0.008329051,0.0104097305,0.9266045,0.00013182242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035347356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006343882,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04054532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013904142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009802349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13563758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135231488","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/abe83f","title":"Analogies between momentum current, electric current and entropy current","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Current (fluid); Energy current; Electric current; Entropy (arrow of time); Current density; Physics; Engineering physics; Mechanics; Energy (signal processing); Thermodynamics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.025977022128419056,"score_gpt":0.32513096124822605,"score_spread":0.299153939119807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135231488","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12800929,0.01794867,0.38118836,0.014054413,0.007120975,0.00016004767,0.00037207623,0.000564205,0.45058197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9578016,0.003914161,0.020603359,0.0014575771,0.002488202,0.00011639063,0.00007492874,0.000060284674,0.013483644],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914885,0.00020495451,0.00006673371,0.00016194106,0.0003601526,0.000057352754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99778736,0.0014168823,0.0002266417,0.00016350533,0.00029843187,0.00010719281],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083106285,0.00033375953,0.00023933632,0.001797882,0.00054431753,0.0019296868,0.0006785425,0.0011241672,0.0077505996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055065313,0.00015969723,0.0003147952,0.0006754105,0.0043299207,0.005714403,0.0016645058,0.0017570683,0.000366142],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023034403,0.000014362746,0.00029197033,0.000053489315,0.000003592697,0.00014249324,0.00019246929,0.00100248,0.0010302537,0.9888574,0.0007937023,0.0075946692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009700795,0.00003398242,0.0007872849,0.000040031377,0.000005703597,0.00031972595,0.00010928789,0.0061762235,0.00075342547,0.9809444,0.010797675,0.000022451712],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036603675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018412362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0077505996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00093342137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035364754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025928319},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3196638781","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ac1c48","title":"Utilizing active learning to engage engineering students in a freshman physics service course taught in an EFL environment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Memorization; Attendance; Class (philosophy); Comprehension; Active listening; Active learning (machine learning); Physics education; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.049620508677704005,"score_gpt":0.4141624263409634,"score_spread":0.3645419176632594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3196638781","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99264365,0.000026499525,0.0033417894,0.00015873232,0.00001802656,0.00025086125,0.000042077412,0.00016104666,0.003357455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9757027,0.00009764118,0.017689928,0.0001840007,0.00002240959,0.00035606814,0.00013091852,0.000033673037,0.0057825805],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995864,0.00010316844,0.000015662858,0.00010095458,0.00008133106,0.00011249802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983267,0.0005555298,0.00016056499,0.00011053651,0.00012964045,0.000717123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008625006,0.0005748407,0.00034815804,0.00040408954,0.00064333016,0.0012381638,0.0009761035,0.0005146943,0.0062417355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023308052,0.0001718987,0.00033923305,0.0001937068,0.00038259252,0.00066907017,0.0016845865,0.0007094372,0.001676446],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020006588,0.09968267,0.04919192,0.0011642127,0.00014547643,0.0015807493,0.015973339,0.0034906717,0.19867834,0.0012424985,0.00819417,0.6186553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027616834,0.13869421,0.419252,0.000818629,0.00059707003,0.0022533927,0.029409898,0.038151998,0.24901262,0.007889375,0.11062053,0.0005385884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00055910466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017802886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0062417355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004080322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007693128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0208807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197825199","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ac1c47","title":"Teaching introductory astronomy using virtual observations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Seneca Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Planetarium; Coursework; Astronomy; Starlight; Computer science; Software; Physics; Mathematics education; Psychology; Stars","score_opus":0.03078252833663909,"score_gpt":0.2728966372291906,"score_spread":0.24211410889255153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197825199","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22181953,0.0022154201,0.36895323,0.014226394,0.0041748527,0.0011702735,0.0041443,0.015738169,0.3675577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4772179,0.0037356855,0.30492845,0.0059387833,0.00146179,0.0017525217,0.0050054225,0.0027908727,0.19716847],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988827,0.00034713864,0.000055481723,0.00026627645,0.00026939905,0.0001790692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99453837,0.0021946118,0.000399038,0.0007126462,0.00051452505,0.0016407118],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001528213,0.0014002883,0.0005788791,0.00096300856,0.0011720463,0.004206424,0.0021791488,0.0012169882,0.10951219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0056281486,0.0004148793,0.00084119703,0.0007511227,0.0008514264,0.0037506907,0.005071659,0.0022561366,0.025624849],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005225354,0.005052259,0.014696469,0.00156256,0.00005853685,0.0019350055,0.012235205,0.009063448,0.02502491,0.058832552,0.35786268,0.5131538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009608944,0.00051178195,0.005567771,0.00070522225,0.00003401616,0.0011797406,0.0036606656,0.005241107,0.008754698,0.06056116,0.91361266,0.000075155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039090618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010231459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10951219,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010161884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012704827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36635476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307208541","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ac96c0","title":"Model experiments and analogies for teaching Einsteinian energy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mathematics education; Curriculum; Einstein; Modern physics; Physics education; Energy (signal processing); Physical science; Physics; Science education; Theoretical physics; Engineering physics; Pedagogy; Mathematics; Psychology; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.01876671576044896,"score_gpt":0.30169982491916136,"score_spread":0.2829331091587124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307208541","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36762273,0.0007237842,0.3829628,0.013200564,0.0006151083,0.0006687143,0.00020348019,0.0019616855,0.23204103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7896081,0.0006159495,0.19354874,0.00103491,0.00006543496,0.0005895423,0.0001206963,0.00015486364,0.014261681],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989297,0.00057315436,0.000046175293,0.00012467973,0.00026891247,0.00005742138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99576914,0.0031231246,0.00025069894,0.0003955865,0.00023458633,0.00022692738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017412199,0.0005422423,0.0002509912,0.00054257654,0.0005885221,0.0016595735,0.0014051273,0.0009991847,0.011506089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008492395,0.00028410132,0.00038551705,0.00026767774,0.0016169222,0.002960956,0.002066894,0.0020052877,0.000754332],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023014483,0.0042221015,0.004050876,0.00065333536,0.000027134489,0.00028895162,0.0062338007,0.038689665,0.016761024,0.7322975,0.02289442,0.1736511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038298234,0.0012630019,0.0029899532,0.00045185647,0.000049238857,0.00031813091,0.0027017812,0.12621716,0.027484272,0.65387547,0.1841759,0.000090224035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00082782074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012481147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011506089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00169753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010239254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038491666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392845680","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ad2cf3","title":"Experimental validation of the brachistochrone curve","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Calculus (dental); Medicine","score_opus":0.00879107247584649,"score_gpt":0.28894177874950466,"score_spread":0.2801507062736582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392845680","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87445486,0.00048281733,0.11245568,0.00030179363,0.00026889006,0.00029716306,0.0012711543,0.0020403676,0.008427244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96013474,0.00015897326,0.03591488,0.00006315877,0.000011356079,0.00025400074,0.0006710933,0.00022941432,0.0025624498],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870706,0.00016863026,0.00008795722,0.00027334143,0.00052084686,0.0002420701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967644,0.00086888304,0.00026706766,0.00090109505,0.00083737564,0.00036111788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001263968,0.00056076713,0.00059286813,0.0006801954,0.000864656,0.000719569,0.0012898288,0.0012714178,0.006933771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00407993,0.00038406556,0.0004044036,0.000582662,0.001164337,0.00078316184,0.001351935,0.000951731,0.0017292069],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008066728,0.000521612,0.0044417153,0.0004675606,0.0000391951,0.00033844452,0.00049017055,0.022396287,0.9405108,0.005214135,0.0013376873,0.023435635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008805728,0.002087656,0.007193476,0.00008085154,0.00003065625,0.0001904613,0.0002357079,0.11021213,0.86822164,0.0014751708,0.010082766,0.0001014622],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015972476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011675722,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006933771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068112824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008138992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023195803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394749962","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ad353e","title":"From Spherical Cows to Schrödinger’s Cat: what students want to learn in physics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Face (sociological concept); Physics education; Theory of relativity; Physics; Engineering physics; Mathematics; Theoretical physics; Sociology; Social science","score_opus":0.07983503489808338,"score_gpt":0.4659378992863212,"score_spread":0.3861028643882378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394749962","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9673314,0.0002003732,0.00095012656,0.0065804245,0.00007736598,0.00001991774,0.00006170831,0.000046866833,0.02473174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876916,0.00025049184,0.0005888086,0.0006761364,0.000017131386,0.000010349411,0.00006744733,0.000026581298,0.010671478],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852765,0.00046180512,0.000036037636,0.00009569979,0.00066511665,0.0002135957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953359,0.0016187293,0.00064545346,0.00016016551,0.0009753746,0.0012644948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015602108,0.00015747425,0.00026573855,0.00036597237,0.0019116711,0.0031941677,0.00048289137,0.00064692274,0.008583209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009045565,0.00012874254,0.00014110062,0.00047494663,0.0019274895,0.0018074766,0.0014192774,0.0010342948,0.0011181537],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005007892,0.0005769593,0.27426606,0.00051427865,0.000045890254,0.002111168,0.44462886,0.0009058649,0.018055217,0.024016872,0.06713327,0.16724488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000030187783,0.0006492929,0.24440888,0.00022798163,0.00003111253,0.0007743864,0.53167385,0.0018545905,0.00546522,0.017052436,0.19771752,0.00011459023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015462109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03664851,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015462109,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002482468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002057867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.030744195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402272348","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ad6f66","title":"Investigating student perspectives on alternate final assessment approaches in upper-level physics courses","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Science education; Physics education; Physics; Engineering physics; Theoretical physics; Psychology","score_opus":0.3056781603889063,"score_gpt":0.508112614800535,"score_spread":0.20243445441162877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402272348","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99612635,0.000041187974,0.0009166253,0.00034000305,0.000037708505,0.000039156683,0.00001257651,0.000018994962,0.0024672905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967944,0.00009074365,0.0010983906,0.00020361651,0.00002458499,0.00006342853,0.000025531426,0.000013407877,0.0016859423],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.98516905,0.008605578,0.00062104827,0.0007080293,0.0037403458,0.0011559327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9606234,0.017992256,0.0070896894,0.0011197226,0.007012303,0.006162728],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0137315,0.00058039784,0.000560718,0.001453249,0.00243021,0.007941469,0.0012320012,0.0015777046,0.002190388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05155248,0.00034039898,0.00064165547,0.0007130373,0.0022324475,0.0015011609,0.003848515,0.003646212,0.00076747773],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008013094,0.003632457,0.18845613,0.00037833888,0.000110362766,0.0021117069,0.6519856,0.001055106,0.028441336,0.00264282,0.0040856064,0.11629929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000082973536,0.0038770826,0.21362716,0.00035122252,0.00005974411,0.0011778547,0.7383355,0.0038333351,0.011901784,0.0024920425,0.023958078,0.00030324768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009527476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015607658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0137315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001803036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015177369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.072619975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408690152","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/adbe1d","title":"Analysis of the normal force variation for a falling rod","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Falling (accident); Variation (astronomy); Mathematics; Physics; Mechanics; Psychology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.006102064223434873,"score_gpt":0.28048394927617193,"score_spread":0.27438188505273703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408690152","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71399885,0.00048383733,0.26816148,0.00027449077,0.0001165527,0.000045958535,0.00009960728,0.00031689106,0.016502438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892268,0.00006781765,0.008338271,0.000014322131,0.000008131985,0.0000074956592,0.000027758035,0.00002256738,0.0022868486],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982613,0.0000318588,0.000007100041,0.00003310555,0.00007121888,0.000030461286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970335,0.00011447594,0.000049945964,0.000030271232,0.000078485704,0.000023434219],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036954612,0.00040893018,0.00039694435,0.00077352865,0.00032096988,0.00060141995,0.0006323276,0.0006305039,0.0021350689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014564847,0.00015625553,0.00033716296,0.00034410998,0.0009719715,0.00048578912,0.00032467628,0.0003235031,0.0001607281],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035297972,0.00013887258,0.0043172645,0.0003095438,0.00005754947,0.0014045833,0.00051649584,0.7684737,0.09836858,0.08055266,0.001112863,0.044394933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005403778,0.00005565078,0.0012711134,0.000007601617,0.00000360815,0.00008315525,0.000056048862,0.99275744,0.002347744,0.0028487316,0.0005501807,0.0000133693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035873724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013857749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0035873724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052746787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000353171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007142544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411468628","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ade419","title":"Propagation of compressional waves along a spring","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Abbotsford Veterinary Clinic","funders":"","keywords":"Spring (device); Longitudinal wave; Acoustics; Vibration; Wave propagation; Geology; Mechanics; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.006447370616197916,"score_gpt":0.2835817817135301,"score_spread":0.27713441109733217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411468628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98893285,0.00006647806,0.0051169167,0.00009006508,0.000043443975,0.000027147242,0.00007247851,0.00010778637,0.0055428036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99465346,0.000035941972,0.0020984719,0.00001336542,0.0000068883787,0.0000072386338,0.00003701809,0.0000063808384,0.0031411785],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983644,0.000011275986,0.0000042914726,0.000023684457,0.00007769553,0.00004650903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952984,0.00019298767,0.00006103584,0.000062153544,0.0000964579,0.000057541314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013351151,0.00025183137,0.00016835744,0.00030058826,0.000495044,0.00040218642,0.00029158656,0.000348901,0.0029968126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005089459,0.00013133563,0.00008864453,0.00017207008,0.0006385387,0.00026166363,0.00045115835,0.0003757779,0.00027993138],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00083996874,0.000103357626,0.0037768597,0.000063179934,0.000017527793,0.0005522388,0.00040274035,0.005604028,0.9642486,0.0027598636,0.000551607,0.02108005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019595087,0.0024072945,0.028591443,0.000037839938,0.0000368356,0.0003430497,0.000537923,0.118210785,0.8418353,0.0015966505,0.0061262515,0.0000806098],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002603251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020212778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029968126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027075136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027973903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010025322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414209605","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/adffd6","title":"Epicycle motion of spinning objects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Abbotsford Veterinary Clinic","funders":"","keywords":"Spinning; Motion (physics); Ptolemy's table of chords; Circular motion; Projectile motion; Series (stratigraphy)","score_opus":0.0044341645242944126,"score_gpt":0.2890645061261369,"score_spread":0.2846303416018425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414209605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72884077,0.0015688568,0.068621516,0.0007861045,0.0008816092,0.0000656251,0.00033897875,0.00036096043,0.19853565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811732,0.00024350452,0.0035271097,0.000072544,0.00007876176,0.0000135860855,0.00013580783,0.000032498152,0.014723036],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999143,0.00001413888,0.0000031393959,0.00002495938,0.000019590954,0.000023935949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999094,0.000012270993,0.000012144813,0.000015174257,0.000024921465,0.000026090458],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012605438,0.00031868787,0.00021316642,0.0006599287,0.00045799563,0.0006485574,0.00025199444,0.0006153971,0.0085100075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034569224,0.00013345997,0.00017105226,0.0003554403,0.0006816802,0.0007362949,0.0009717539,0.00040423017,0.0009161334],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003945166,0.00005630433,0.0064260736,0.0002319416,0.00003183747,0.0023874699,0.0026876705,0.022234306,0.07729852,0.7912571,0.010159568,0.08683467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015931012,0.0011401336,0.06275,0.00031561215,0.000043266235,0.0023006012,0.0025551487,0.22803718,0.014260151,0.5073279,0.18093492,0.0001757635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000932099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000433685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0085100075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028579982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121700534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028468788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415490742","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ae10f9","title":"Comment on ‘Pendulum with a large bob’","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Buoyancy; Gravitation; Pendulum; Period (music); Gravitational acceleration","score_opus":0.005705869141638833,"score_gpt":0.2827139286842486,"score_spread":0.27700805954260976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415490742","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012243721,0.00091311533,0.0010520598,0.93271685,0.05613445,0.000026098918,0.0001789521,0.0003212796,0.0074327593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009580848,0.00055340497,0.00044024133,0.94818985,0.031437587,0.000039175764,0.00004297744,0.00012614869,0.009589779],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99738353,0.0005996377,0.0002999683,0.0006080757,0.00076192897,0.0003469239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929612,0.0044417963,0.00044642252,0.00038525704,0.0012895428,0.00047583765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039542937,0.0008817855,0.0007609925,0.00045957608,0.0035940947,0.001923214,0.0030134832,0.029033318,0.009637707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.026350612,0.00063797605,0.0011263631,0.00041427882,0.004731004,0.0030514724,0.0016422239,0.030036768,0.007828734],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007268659,0.000008886789,0.00030585827,0.00007118546,0.000011968807,0.0017100706,0.00034714438,0.0000787967,0.00034724586,0.006822978,0.98643297,0.0037901765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000050870283,0.000053264535,0.0012724285,0.00020636228,0.000017104501,0.0020355198,0.00078177964,0.0002495239,0.0010166113,0.0068401177,0.98741585,0.00006052471],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01645559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014078347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029033318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0027257577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025772206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.032719612},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}