{"meta":{"query_hash":"fe1b488b4b10","filters":{"venue":"Policy & Internet"},"cohort_total":27,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":27,"exported":27,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/fe1b488b4b10","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Policy+%26+Internet"},"results":[{"id":"W1480415177","doi":"10.1002/poi3.91","title":"Information Wars and Online Activism During the 2013/2014 Crisis in Ukraine: Examining the Social Structures of Pro‐ and Anti‐Maidan Groups","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Dominance (genetics); Social network (sociolinguistics); Politics; Ideology; Social media; Sociology; Polarization (electrochemistry); Social group; Political science; Social science; Law; Biology","score_opus":0.03984814968219446,"score_gpt":0.3476200956137657,"score_spread":0.30777194593157126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1480415177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99237734,0.000085233725,0.0000027734243,0.006515312,0.00013480523,0.00016152502,0.000018549308,0.0000141724995,0.00069028966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99866104,0.0001318426,0.00001657596,0.00041853517,0.0007159159,0.0000074532513,0.000003622767,0.000005454427,0.000039571554],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991263,0.00018081366,0.00018686161,0.00006502679,0.00021704713,0.00022396323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995255,0.00016793299,0.00012358521,0.00006746019,0.00005074437,0.00006478354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033687724,0.000081702834,0.00013072092,0.00008336548,0.00014799002,0.000075919044,0.00016891048,0.00007908226,0.0000061830806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043756026,0.000053015494,0.000019914049,0.00014043275,0.0003894102,0.00026603803,0.00008942616,0.00015464063,0.0000013440082],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018755703,0.000012633559,0.055570323,0.000026582364,0.000022649263,4.1249507e-7,0.9136488,0.000001931991,0.000069500646,0.023468196,0.00284908,0.0043111225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073804596,0.0000592129,0.59160167,0.00003225389,0.000026563164,0.0000045628885,0.3813865,0.00007795573,0.00041690186,0.008078973,0.017391078,0.0001863123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05159558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042802705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5360313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059741094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100575424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9547199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1586664008","doi":"10.1002/1944-2866.poi354","title":"Investigating Political Polarization on Twitter: A Canadian Perspective","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":279,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Polarization (electrochemistry); Federal election; Politics; Social media; Political science; Media studies; Perspective (graphical); Sociology; Law; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03913691328319971,"score_gpt":0.358655114676696,"score_spread":0.3195182013934963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1586664008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5362872,0.000006355788,0.000042875366,0.05117493,0.00043526656,0.00012497028,0.000013048145,0.000076754724,0.4118386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97501516,0.0000011325596,0.00007324654,0.019799883,0.0033572705,0.000008944013,0.0000062298927,0.000015687645,0.0017224245],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984351,0.00028611097,0.00013215344,0.0001739516,0.0002466967,0.0007260035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986425,0.00025622957,0.00004070827,0.000112667076,0.00011108431,0.000836806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001937185,0.000102521175,0.00011779836,0.00021268959,0.00022760569,0.00010211248,0.00021153099,0.00013320649,0.0001185909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050434344,0.00010920641,0.00005360783,0.00024366024,0.0003564373,0.00007042167,0.000019359743,0.00019215752,0.0002894283],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[6.886516e-7,0.0000074672125,0.021763347,0.0000014276613,0.000007112922,5.6637157e-7,0.060332134,2.3412932e-7,0.000018947841,0.915883,0.0017122966,0.00027279294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003739368,0.00019973601,0.018833045,0.00009361372,0.00002854267,0.0000025035536,0.050138474,0.0002849835,0.00086025137,0.6374538,0.29125333,0.00047779988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9592458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.44969377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50955206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011464877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008920278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60378265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1590284471","doi":"10.1002/poi3.12","title":"e‐Government in the Age of Social Media: An Analysis of the Canadian Government's Use of Twitter","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"E-Government and Public Services","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Social media; Government (linguistics); Democracy; Politics; The Internet; Public relations; Political science; Service (business); Sociology; Business; World Wide Web; Marketing; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.05715843382864434,"score_gpt":0.3204844131442073,"score_spread":0.26332597931556295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1590284471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96693647,0.000019142271,9.016368e-7,0.0040687453,0.000116927324,0.00011827758,0.00018216594,0.0000025201846,0.02855486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99766254,0.000008460083,0.000009701847,0.0015208732,0.00026550394,0.0000069877815,0.000007401828,0.000005839059,0.0005126791],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99746656,0.00036966492,0.0003051491,0.00010283486,0.0014188117,0.00033700152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990834,0.00027843105,0.00027542785,0.00024611753,0.000029422128,0.00008722724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010074963,0.00009421378,0.00023127798,0.00007363456,0.000072911185,0.000043982913,0.00076958945,0.00008925992,0.0004264165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024840998,0.000061300045,0.00017109825,0.00076481124,0.00035894904,0.00027555053,0.00009026312,0.00010442829,0.0000016422317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012124058,0.00011520912,0.6909467,0.0000073039537,0.00019555194,3.936358e-7,0.23983417,0.000002937039,0.00007978253,0.067011215,0.0015024295,0.00029219768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000115125724,0.000014786636,0.9192483,0.000008704197,0.00018134543,7.171773e-8,0.028799847,0.000029885832,0.00034466744,0.000109229164,0.05107193,0.000076134915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8397626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.97061557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22830158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056799356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013463848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46689618},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1595325341","doi":"10.1002/poi3.13","title":"Insiders and Outsiders: Presentation of Self on Canadian Parliamentary Websites and Newsletters","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Parliament; Presentation (obstetrics); Theme (computing); Politics; Order (exchange); Political science; Media studies; Sociology; Public relations; Law; World Wide Web; Computer science; Business","score_opus":0.03270966089406485,"score_gpt":0.33229340914395405,"score_spread":0.2995837482498892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1595325341","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769138,0.0001387138,9.838836e-7,0.0115899285,0.00023050733,0.00011683496,0.000013050159,0.00001647834,0.010979695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99335736,0.00011398519,0.000080467435,0.005573797,0.00068294205,0.0000052939467,0.000003845589,0.0000066731955,0.00017564854],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999297,0.00009532182,0.00010010461,0.000076141565,0.00012334992,0.00030802994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993893,0.000175835,0.00004210304,0.00005017796,0.000016125605,0.000326479],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009647687,0.00006538967,0.00008885508,0.00012852321,0.00006636938,0.000030779054,0.000055545603,0.00005665018,0.00006393033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018001595,0.000067300156,0.000019195128,0.0000739433,0.0002099126,0.00015638981,0.000015156401,0.000059534035,0.000015344702],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000521414,0.000019071005,0.7115212,0.00001473622,0.00004151955,9.754508e-7,0.24157602,2.2915971e-7,0.000046625824,0.022511832,0.021886839,0.0023757527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008970617,0.00021022295,0.3334721,0.00011588495,0.000116552226,0.0000045386046,0.18675739,0.000033049568,0.0030847813,0.0061317235,0.46866447,0.00051222724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.885015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.30680472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5782103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001189854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012210269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7058443},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1820962962","doi":"10.1002/poi3.93","title":"The Potential of <i>Participedia</i> as a Crowdsourcing Tool for Comparative Analysis of Democratic Innovations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Crowdsourcing; Data science; Citizen science; Citizen journalism; Democracy; Field (mathematics); Sociology; Knowledge management; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Political science; World Wide Web; Engineering","score_opus":0.08055077547986123,"score_gpt":0.4153949507191214,"score_spread":0.3348441752392602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1820962962","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98239654,0.000049338494,0.0011713359,0.0019800344,0.00024003847,0.00023575236,0.00004170347,0.000013899942,0.013871371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99824,0.0000064417172,0.00014113299,0.00021617583,0.00047334816,0.000035961035,0.000008135565,0.0000039018996,0.0008748875],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988917,0.00017722008,0.00034454238,0.00008100415,0.00025936478,0.00024616785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984237,0.00071498664,0.00021335331,0.0001153274,0.00045049156,0.000082171646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005200632,0.00006475503,0.00024218339,0.00015792053,0.00012263034,0.000032066415,0.00022297712,0.000051019186,0.000013989803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021371166,0.00005231517,0.00013414319,0.0010183356,0.0004334153,0.000060851147,0.000031413758,0.000054160184,0.0000048310776],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005996333,0.00009367584,0.020488193,0.00001294732,0.0010488366,3.8104912e-7,0.24749759,0.00027210783,0.0006387801,0.71294266,0.01584446,0.0011003817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003218555,0.0010479258,0.024758764,0.00012028821,0.0065321447,0.0000017591774,0.40462923,0.01844391,0.0335282,0.37269363,0.1340052,0.0010204014],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020697305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036644815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34024906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055981563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046944435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9858239},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1899455794","doi":"10.1002/1944-2866.poi377","title":"Governments and Citizens Getting to Know Each Other? Open, Closed, and Big Data in Public Management Reform","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"E-Government and Public Services","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Open government; Transparency (behavior); Open data; Big data; Government (linguistics); Public relations; Public administration; Corporate governance; Civil society; Data governance; Political science; Service (business); Business; Politics; Data quality; Marketing; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.07334885728024358,"score_gpt":0.34817476550576126,"score_spread":0.27482590822551767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1899455794","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31523153,0.000082849314,0.000028086091,0.031152472,0.00016192795,0.00037113563,0.000055984157,0.000032678887,0.65288335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98258525,0.00016396996,0.00029844386,0.007034283,0.00053425424,0.000022821647,0.000015759097,0.000016394022,0.009328844],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983515,0.00012557663,0.00022249298,0.00042842742,0.0004316814,0.00044032963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919003,0.000070013426,0.00009630267,0.00041628446,0.00001686766,0.00021048817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014957932,0.00013504393,0.00016847608,0.0001189856,0.00013101318,0.000750853,0.0013270645,0.00006275448,0.00009023837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015798683,0.00012510995,0.000013426431,0.00027537122,0.000104188315,0.00054780615,0.002383423,0.0000953915,0.000030212788],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038554426,0.000096485724,0.11250974,0.00006837858,0.00007750829,0.0000036466654,0.018578826,8.341732e-8,0.000025791629,0.5242279,0.0108053135,0.33356774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053428963,0.000042135824,0.022794995,0.00007527517,0.000007942338,7.3567986e-7,0.0055814367,0.0001154599,0.000017242151,0.0017537172,0.96888924,0.00018755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10722327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06351178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9580839,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032975906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035002802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9535767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1940640313","doi":"10.1002/1944-2866.poi376","title":"What Potential for YouTube as a Policy Deliberation Tool? Commenter Reactions to Videos About the Keystone XL Oil Pipeline","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Deliberation; Pipeline (software); Computer science; World Wide Web; Social media; Sociology; Internet privacy; Politics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.029820899727852804,"score_gpt":0.37136964052159155,"score_spread":0.34154874079373876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1940640313","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45602134,0.00011606692,0.007585991,0.4980743,0.006030487,0.0011822492,0.000112131966,0.0002698331,0.030607605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90733355,0.00019339623,0.00016069302,0.04068148,0.013519603,0.00031826255,0.000039174804,0.000030414649,0.03772344],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981465,0.0003020981,0.00036958873,0.00023457737,0.0003460167,0.0006012686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986741,0.00044750067,0.00011937585,0.0002733043,0.00023280451,0.00025293685],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005082104,0.00017476967,0.00020460054,0.0001688947,0.0004891037,0.0005235986,0.00041969723,0.00014407515,0.00013303584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026909881,0.00014051842,0.0001847083,0.0002985491,0.00021581257,0.0003851835,0.00008425515,0.00016481733,0.00035018218],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001109053,0.00014276894,0.00016626893,0.000027146021,0.000083685474,9.655245e-7,0.15728882,0.000029157742,0.00070465106,0.58079183,0.13515341,0.12550035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003939533,0.0000989372,0.00013381502,0.000060685437,0.00004131242,0.000003225268,0.006261447,0.0003553762,0.00064948114,0.0102207195,0.9815978,0.00018326052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.097530335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007003906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84644437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031916564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031855787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9084793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095716135","doi":"10.2202/1944-2866.1036","title":"Virtual Policy Networks in Forestry and Climate Change in the U.S. and Canada: Government Nodality, Internationalization and Actor Complexity","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Policy Transfer and Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Government (linguistics); Politics; Climate change; Public policy; The Internet; Political science; Business; Public administration; Regional science; Geography; World Wide Web; Computer science; Ecology; International trade","score_opus":0.03728704552329015,"score_gpt":0.3302073035431109,"score_spread":0.29292025801982075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095716135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822867,0.000039496525,0.000027871021,0.012328129,0.00007543401,0.00017180394,0.000037253463,0.000008651154,0.005024644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963821,0.00028482842,0.0000085443435,0.0026325472,0.00062165584,0.000019219884,0.0000055561945,0.000006745831,0.000038807644],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989399,0.00015830908,0.00015869754,0.00015928238,0.00028539568,0.00029843987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996447,0.00014664826,0.00003930637,0.00006924406,0.000011680022,0.00008842132],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005334595,0.00009597215,0.00011131519,0.00006739669,0.00009499288,0.00010604706,0.00016261346,0.00007051401,0.000017788396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019969561,0.000081860686,0.000011488135,0.00013341758,0.00026616585,0.00015044835,0.00008858929,0.00027056524,2.5385538e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000144740025,0.000015831496,0.52571803,0.00000716431,0.0000042549186,0.0000022305705,0.021703249,0.0000027967699,0.000009647166,0.4468523,0.000053750082,0.00561629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002994418,0.000021060068,0.9882457,0.000027566457,0.0000030211943,0.0000047423327,0.0012006342,0.002289524,0.0000042457555,0.0014047847,0.006402514,0.00009676671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96389794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9905176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4625277,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016118471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013128678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3338182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143520620","doi":"10.2202/1944-2866.1125","title":"Overcoming the Warez Paradox: Online Piracy Groups and Situational Crime Prevention","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Situational ethics; Construct (python library); Focus group; Law enforcement; Enforcement; Prestige; Criminology; Process (computing); Sanctions; Internet privacy; Work (physics); Psychology; Business; Computer security; Social psychology; Public relations; Law; Sociology; Political science; Computer science; Engineering; Marketing","score_opus":0.06729136656638361,"score_gpt":0.3071797132719351,"score_spread":0.23988834670555148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143520620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7768939,0.00082894554,0.16648838,0.0041490444,0.000473989,0.0004921072,0.000014429148,0.00024888487,0.050410327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99478036,0.000049081013,0.0017540954,0.0014165775,0.00020470112,0.000013367702,0.0000064057335,0.000005691375,0.001769744],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920774,0.000042468793,0.00019540696,0.00020742409,0.00015561072,0.0001913759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954605,0.00006511091,0.00006533064,0.00024900388,0.00003380572,0.00004067247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015790403,0.00011189117,0.00010106482,0.00006283277,0.000102871425,0.00006642329,0.00040672623,0.000024841604,0.000066335124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049002076,0.00007919135,0.000055991743,0.000107357,0.00006356262,0.00034097637,0.0004494898,0.00008886986,0.000043363325],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013029484,0.00015309808,0.002154255,0.000010548735,0.000082072635,0.0000026574373,0.01256371,0.0000017100609,0.00007899878,0.94450253,0.00445802,0.035979364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014108056,0.000548991,0.74080485,0.00014788368,0.00008284152,0.00008342112,0.00046042522,0.013518846,0.003776469,0.16894373,0.069532774,0.00068895495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031173003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024042855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7755588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030505298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026605956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47124466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170125067","doi":"10.2202/1944-2866.1126","title":"Finding the Key Players in Online Child Exploitation Networks","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Centrality; Key (lock); Web crawler; Computer science; The Internet; Prioritization; Measure (data warehouse); Process (computing); Law enforcement; Sample (material); World Wide Web; Data science; Data mining; Computer security; Business; Process management; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.07396549524115037,"score_gpt":0.3276943223142468,"score_spread":0.2537288270730964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170125067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8441839,0.00023662359,0.00029421045,0.0019859774,0.00040756917,0.00017066549,0.00001368094,0.000050351067,0.15265697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942581,0.00025908757,0.000038894992,0.0011650322,0.00085770735,0.000013196926,0.00000424679,0.000010646382,0.0033930973],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991154,0.00009789267,0.00015723691,0.00014366649,0.00017075062,0.00031503555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995869,0.00012305401,0.00009964574,0.00012181336,0.000017893211,0.000050691444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027983708,0.00008835544,0.000099766396,0.00007485721,0.00012456375,0.000046130546,0.00031286723,0.00006587493,0.00016907648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024064863,0.000072216026,0.00005203587,0.00023813953,0.00015462062,0.00022234496,0.000043552573,0.00020413352,0.000023171682],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007747457,0.00018926468,0.029458739,0.0000068521585,0.000036155947,0.0000074010645,0.65724486,0.00016936038,0.000011052148,0.27540436,0.013296883,0.024097573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010662496,0.00017787483,0.39722663,0.00036756747,0.000032140106,0.000007271613,0.08147391,0.004570731,0.00051147013,0.00819643,0.5055745,0.0007952015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22244637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12691721,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.575771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016393141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005679591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88901424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2484384984","doi":"10.1002/poi3.121","title":"Information Production and Social Value for Public Policy: A Conceptual Modeling Perspective","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"E-Government and Public Services","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Conceptual framework; Perspective (graphical); Public value; Production (economics); Public sector; Conceptual model; Knowledge management; Public relations; Value of information; Sociology; Business; Political science; Computer science; Economics; Social science; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.05031219991764796,"score_gpt":0.3366146619387971,"score_spread":0.2863024620211491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2484384984","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5598885,0.00007534071,0.0031877572,0.36957642,0.00043472546,0.0007077654,0.000086625005,0.00019341748,0.06584949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937467,0.00004076968,0.0000648085,0.0013959119,0.0028994067,0.00005047157,0.000006131408,0.000007534976,0.0017882884],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902403,0.00007531099,0.00016416347,0.00013736368,0.0002763388,0.00032276395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944144,0.000066014756,0.000106193685,0.00006487381,0.00024487762,0.000076569566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043865596,0.00009431574,0.00010387841,0.00016486201,0.00026359092,0.00020234496,0.00017665136,0.000089518675,0.00004115765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010277902,0.00007414962,0.000052341562,0.00017815182,0.00031296458,0.0016973432,0.00006217266,0.00004838607,0.000022129636],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002145914,0.000010103155,0.00033790394,0.0000055728433,0.000021189058,1.3669331e-8,0.12118982,9.951419e-7,0.000026927324,0.8715412,0.0015570199,0.005287807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015451948,0.00020722162,0.00072371465,0.00007133271,0.000039139482,0.0000029613116,0.29698572,0.0025539135,0.00034000637,0.11876871,0.5781575,0.0006046429],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.044153925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035801248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7527725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057986606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039417885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96221113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2586978957","doi":"10.1002/poi3.140","title":"Research on Voting Advice Applications: State of the Art and Future Directions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Voting; Advice (programming); Political science; Politics; State (computer science); Public relations; Field (mathematics); Data science; Internet privacy; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.07025777419319486,"score_gpt":0.4401369805852656,"score_spread":0.3698792063920708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2586978957","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71954954,0.0002427624,0.00014299688,0.11379935,0.00028761616,0.00082461524,0.00004397662,0.00009485203,0.1650143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98447365,0.000039599687,0.0000067725086,0.00013586998,0.0008474707,0.00005874659,2.5093024e-7,0.0000040157583,0.014433617],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990851,0.0002820637,0.0001204092,0.00009591493,0.0002053138,0.00021118106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993844,0.00030001544,0.000041862906,0.00010032674,0.000105360195,0.00006806052],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052185974,0.000035924197,0.0000541749,0.000057720034,0.00016668564,0.000023157374,0.000113988084,0.000029522105,0.00004694606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017452941,0.000020035806,0.000022787623,0.0002979658,0.00022251318,0.000050594124,0.000030279374,0.00007591846,0.00007061825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006778438,0.00002734412,0.0065703806,0.00001009096,0.0000085113925,4.2601684e-8,0.0025994566,3.237061e-7,0.00032829872,0.9346626,0.005395743,0.050390467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005505123,0.000030583982,0.023013905,0.00005185969,0.0000022376412,2.0900909e-7,0.00013872387,0.000008075686,0.00069396506,0.008710675,0.96725833,0.00003636988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026580216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014375187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9618626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008455349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061538216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97990185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589320140","doi":"10.1002/poi3.144","title":"Technology Use, Exposure to Natural Hazards, and Being Digitally Invisible: Implications for Policy Analytics","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Homelessness and Social Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Analytics; Context (archaeology); Exploratory research; Psychological intervention; Data science; Payment; Internet privacy; Business; Computer science; Psychology; World Wide Web; Sociology; Geography","score_opus":0.0664125856136548,"score_gpt":0.4588458468014687,"score_spread":0.3924332611878139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589320140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9433903,0.00011260652,0.00073260535,0.049305473,0.0002459437,0.00080078945,0.00027493265,0.00014669346,0.0049906317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99064606,0.000078432924,0.00053643185,0.0012882106,0.0010146763,0.00025364725,0.00002791762,0.000038733768,0.00611589],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864215,0.00003838473,0.00036462225,0.0002970908,0.00007834043,0.00057944143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850523,0.00021269334,0.00021574965,0.0006057617,0.00027488347,0.00018569572],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014483205,0.00017420374,0.00039082373,0.00043021492,0.00088602304,0.00019458923,0.00052087003,0.00026063065,0.0000066881694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002567546,0.00015974935,0.000065046625,0.00022304623,0.00016202361,0.00029146895,0.0005177209,0.00031612272,0.00003448493],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002511447,0.000026923895,0.33646455,0.00009150918,0.00007522517,0.0000010062187,0.008107203,9.640561e-7,0.00022673343,0.61104476,0.002175138,0.041760862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012116536,0.00029177126,0.69605356,0.00041626068,0.0000580441,0.0000018569638,0.005145812,0.00015173615,0.00026705262,0.11526417,0.18055171,0.00058635796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009096086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011737152,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49578062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001753604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003886621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99750245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789868910","doi":"10.1002/poi3.168","title":"Another Digital Divide? Evidence That Elimination of Paper Voting Could Lead to Digital Disenfranchisement","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Voting; Turnout; The Internet; Computer science; Ranked voting system; Internet privacy; Political science; Digital literacy; Computer security; World Wide Web; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.07133325631222621,"score_gpt":0.3754236138580801,"score_spread":0.3040903575458539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789868910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9381402,0.0000824438,0.001145877,0.010852901,0.0007337053,0.00032639704,0.000070358044,0.00007630617,0.048571825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919816,0.000013824997,0.000025875142,0.001572291,0.002166832,0.000014091974,0.0000039373385,0.00001684167,0.004204698],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986627,0.00004691111,0.00022290411,0.00018787888,0.00048353645,0.00039606317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991155,0.00033158332,0.00013712677,0.00013219519,0.00014001645,0.0001435789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014540799,0.00011836975,0.00015593173,0.00009556255,0.000100317426,0.00022219984,0.00031565898,0.00007611086,0.00021622007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026322617,0.00011300791,0.00008617422,0.00022310962,0.00041599968,0.0006921332,0.00010288293,0.00007133466,0.00028717422],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000079051104,0.00020394157,0.34585053,0.000055245986,0.00009448735,0.0000031914005,0.32136148,0.0000012193049,0.00095880084,0.09694571,0.027989168,0.20645717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005846831,0.00079648127,0.07359579,0.0010488856,0.00006613078,0.0000018617169,0.018761197,0.000072197516,0.01529862,0.009103891,0.8797872,0.00088307535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006089365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011321168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.851798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000172088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012709605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9205339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901040622","doi":"10.1002/poi3.189","title":"Complementaries and Contradictions: National Security and Privacy Risks in U.S. Federal Policy, 1968–2018","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel; Azrieli Foundation; Israel Science Foundation","keywords":"Compromise; National security; Harm; Transparency (behavior); Context (archaeology); Policy analysis; Security policy; Political science; Public administration; Computer security; Law; Computer science","score_opus":0.11314466445509516,"score_gpt":0.4390658233643301,"score_spread":0.3259211589092349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2901040622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9613477,0.00008709028,0.00001868853,0.013400599,0.00010329271,0.00020696339,0.00004406716,0.00003166764,0.024759958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967872,0.000022617885,0.000028134127,0.0012866263,0.0015622689,0.000020877971,0.000007454868,0.0000054065877,0.00027940748],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989135,0.00016680703,0.00022047665,0.00015983621,0.00020190307,0.00033747437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954593,0.00012077971,0.00005303074,0.00005215324,0.00007721202,0.00015086887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000360489,0.00008445371,0.00012716642,0.00013380007,0.00023921148,0.0001642689,0.00007931884,0.000060390474,0.00013512628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046574275,0.00008280704,0.000018901019,0.00016970128,0.0006139868,0.00018550978,0.000052468356,0.00008681954,0.000018213717],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013748927,0.000028402897,0.25319138,0.00000863748,0.000012708445,3.252556e-7,0.013940108,8.343364e-8,0.00001953706,0.7294429,0.0030043323,0.00033786276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075693463,0.00020098168,0.4638375,0.000050009738,0.0000064711007,0.0000050922877,0.0005939711,0.00040129345,0.00013043999,0.29059002,0.24321444,0.00021284871],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.70181197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.26437688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43885288,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002623522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020289407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7490463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2908955919","doi":"10.1002/poi3.197","title":"Expressing and Challenging Racist Discourse on Facebook: How Social Media Weaken the “Spiral of Silence” Theory","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Silence; Sociology; Racism; Social media; Ethnic group; Framing (construction); Media studies; Gender studies; Political science; Aesthetics; Law; History","score_opus":0.04294586749806467,"score_gpt":0.35022251295840057,"score_spread":0.3072766454603359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2908955919","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94272864,0.00012923742,0.0000128865695,0.007488243,0.0005968382,0.00025401157,0.000022361593,0.00003316268,0.04873463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99569887,0.000059000668,0.00000695476,0.0004212609,0.0019199315,0.000017004651,0.0000018342819,0.000014653265,0.0018604691],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986673,0.0003275405,0.00013545278,0.00015754128,0.00033189938,0.0003802541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986764,0.00095373107,0.00012124553,0.00012274057,0.0000349949,0.00009086536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041166053,0.000120519675,0.00019397063,0.00006921185,0.00020873513,0.00008893495,0.00031052437,0.00010508195,0.00014752812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006129488,0.00009003398,0.00008337166,0.00008629325,0.0008688526,0.000111902555,0.00007649483,0.00019211392,0.000036520716],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021385473,0.000019242207,0.001919755,0.000015018716,0.000023985014,9.3445277e-7,0.4555158,4.670615e-7,0.00030603405,0.52218074,0.00062618405,0.019370459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011812148,0.00017701926,0.010242904,0.0003992291,0.000094381314,0.000002266598,0.827742,0.00009948745,0.005657496,0.06886268,0.08487143,0.00066992606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015154112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002626898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45331806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006170799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011374121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36714792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953122191","doi":"10.1002/poi3.184","title":"Unpacking the Social Media Bot: A Typology to Guide Research and Policy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Typology; Unpacking; Politics; Social media; Public relations; Ambiguity; Face (sociological concept); Political science; Internet privacy; Sociology; Presidential system; Computer science; Law; Social science","score_opus":0.1057954589323566,"score_gpt":0.43266207770634746,"score_spread":0.32686661877399087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2953122191","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65703845,0.00012853989,0.02026887,0.21908541,0.0018577259,0.00039848028,0.000009874612,0.00035469758,0.10085792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897558,0.0000065537492,0.00057860924,0.0033493123,0.0050819456,0.000013507474,4.352462e-7,0.000009647696,0.0012041536],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987128,0.00017415237,0.00014574785,0.00028934874,0.00024128857,0.00043667897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990715,0.0003171964,0.000034573008,0.00031960692,0.0001516743,0.000105454405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00080415164,0.00008947519,0.00009838577,0.00038725312,0.00027211616,0.000269276,0.00091418717,0.00007283099,0.000020861404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010199798,0.00006744855,0.000027837697,0.00086073345,0.0003243155,0.00013131648,0.00077957095,0.00022023235,0.0002962853],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021519048,0.000016407566,0.00025314104,0.000003555905,0.000018829838,0.0000032687003,0.062375788,2.2866448e-7,0.0013242925,0.7760747,0.097806245,0.06210199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00054474757,0.0009567951,0.043280594,0.00005488652,0.000007153045,0.00017661348,0.0009193534,0.0024334346,0.012909689,0.22210799,0.7161855,0.00042321614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013531894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027045088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6183793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013032685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014861158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9930371},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3154371706","doi":"10.1002/poi3.256","title":"The Trichan takedown: Lessons in the governance and regulation of child sexual abuse material","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health","funders":"","keywords":"Materiality (auditing); Corporate governance; Discretion; The Internet; Sexual abuse; Intervention (counseling); Child sexual abuse; Public relations; Sociology; Political science; Business; Law; Psychology; Medicine; Poison control; Suicide prevention; Psychiatry; Environmental health; Computer science","score_opus":0.02337950186463976,"score_gpt":0.32508928606719845,"score_spread":0.3017097842025587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3154371706","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98492485,0.00017822026,0.000027740443,0.009870132,0.00012985138,0.000049515573,0.000011671457,0.000005729297,0.004802308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99725544,0.00060902,0.000005947342,0.00020434055,0.00035514246,0.0000073800115,0.0000031761247,0.0000027010499,0.0015568438],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933,0.00016465613,0.0001291909,0.000097139266,0.00015887254,0.000120175944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996248,0.000121566845,0.00007259555,0.00012271202,0.000040699662,0.000017636066],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029402092,0.000044014567,0.00007262762,0.00002805997,0.00016539785,0.000098877215,0.00014702359,0.000029418256,0.00005350394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018854559,0.000029042318,0.000029255445,0.00037114808,0.00012209087,0.00006085717,0.000023904802,0.00006137597,0.00000326209],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010940778,0.00020185081,0.0016120396,0.000028112467,0.000078917736,0.00001129113,0.34358063,0.00003540143,0.0008752741,0.39651904,0.004848777,0.25209925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004483129,0.000122007565,0.06252415,0.00009235749,0.00024170028,0.000040244006,0.59119475,0.00076648773,0.0023005148,0.0017398627,0.34027815,0.00025147584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06639609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16513982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39477918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032820186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058093778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9398209},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225960907","doi":"10.1002/poi3.293","title":"Lessons from France on the regulation of Internet pornography: How displacement effects, circumvention, and legislative scope may limit the efficacy of Article 23","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Pornography; Legislation; Parliament; Scope (computer science); Political science; Democracy; The Internet; Law; Sociology; Politics; Computer science","score_opus":0.03893423124782997,"score_gpt":0.34796139852181734,"score_spread":0.3090271672739874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225960907","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98684484,0.0005955555,0.00017978602,0.008758883,0.00034082244,0.000527296,0.000094214825,0.000038004888,0.002620579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99500203,0.00001123263,0.000012343427,0.0003874739,0.00007491515,0.00016494293,0.000032844546,0.000019099383,0.0042951256],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842757,0.00051682955,0.0002960293,0.00031687564,0.0002216147,0.00022110509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998343,0.0006678966,0.0003157283,0.00060430204,0.00003853069,0.000030526477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037211235,0.00015460688,0.00023468191,0.00016645268,0.000073757685,0.00002027721,0.00042836907,0.0000692426,0.00044278847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010980384,0.00010814944,0.00010810146,0.00033817862,0.0004159234,0.000038770682,0.00022570696,0.000294345,0.000015089501],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005656741,0.0012018593,0.12777002,0.000026447718,0.0006681777,0.000004674699,0.033421718,0.000018161052,0.011295776,0.7826465,0.0126388045,0.029742189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015469971,0.00092933036,0.9510447,0.00007939558,0.00010882334,0.000006541946,0.0019149274,0.00012069825,0.019662624,0.0043015825,0.02011767,0.00016674132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0054017683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018953232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8232746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038796312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015381043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8165894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4324061281","doi":"10.1002/poi3.336","title":"Regulating the platform giants: Building and governing China's online economy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"China; Government (linguistics); Corporate governance; Economic system; State (computer science); Core (optical fiber); Economy; Digital economy; Politics; Process (computing); Business; Market economy; Economics; Political science; Engineering; Management; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.024909896366506642,"score_gpt":0.32561807038477447,"score_spread":0.3007081740182678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4324061281","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9442712,0.00011471859,0.000022387596,0.010357915,0.00017184444,0.00012397888,0.000030420222,0.00010018003,0.044807337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98651147,0.00029789246,0.000090429945,0.00071327883,0.0012137599,0.000008284088,0.00000715784,0.000017271786,0.011140484],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990009,0.000028175664,0.00023129689,0.00022145058,0.00011313771,0.00040505663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994134,0.00013877221,0.0001876784,0.00015757082,0.000014105278,0.00008850391],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005731539,0.00012097407,0.000157328,0.000052022588,0.00038971376,0.00020681911,0.00032919287,0.00006847366,0.00006943649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029480917,0.000088614695,0.000073715666,0.00017706293,0.0002208522,0.00039661943,0.00020802785,0.00019262548,0.0000766419],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021686124,0.000027308504,0.032466475,0.000040540803,0.00010957298,0.000006129758,0.124359615,0.00014976699,0.00008288549,0.68696743,0.019001124,0.13676748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004452056,0.00003650207,0.17198063,0.00011391399,0.00001148532,0.000007691822,0.007945918,0.007085764,0.00008196468,0.04597971,0.76598257,0.00032860914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05621853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063279765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7469815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030274136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010494165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9500662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386000372","doi":"10.1002/poi3.351","title":"Ready but irresponsible? Analysis of the Government Artificial Intelligence Readiness Index","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École Nationale d'Administration Publique","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Qualitative comparative analysis; Transparency (behavior); Equity (law); Democracy; Economic Justice; Preparedness; Government (linguistics); Sociology; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Public relations; Computer science; Law; Politics; Machine learning","score_opus":0.19781109964100554,"score_gpt":0.490591319763045,"score_spread":0.2927802201220394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386000372","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.934896,0.000037255988,0.0038078586,0.009475424,0.00016531425,0.00033020155,0.00015772645,0.0000728316,0.05105741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97367966,0.000046489553,0.000012167847,0.00013908006,0.00015559065,0.00003036187,0.000009756928,0.000009076444,0.025917836],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957793,0.0015031138,0.0004845682,0.00030730528,0.00148195,0.00044379965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99771154,0.0012103651,0.00022325858,0.00044183948,0.0002955557,0.00011745052],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024348134,0.00013080667,0.00036425123,0.00062330347,0.00018399944,0.000090321984,0.0010096953,0.0000695466,0.0010650391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034905383,0.000098307835,0.00030551673,0.008637657,0.000838572,0.000113345275,0.00033707343,0.00019286055,0.0004750598],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001452144,0.00012936279,0.034662053,0.000010583141,0.0016996008,0.0000053275426,0.055243302,0.0011564774,0.0019962045,0.88722956,0.0074589434,0.010263353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018423692,0.00020696929,0.5115323,0.00010625504,0.0011603187,5.842159e-7,0.10727256,0.090461165,0.046933692,0.12448241,0.116711296,0.0009482128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04616194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03457246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76274717,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039936698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029771798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998481},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393227774","doi":"10.1002/poi3.385","title":"Social imaginaries of digital technology in South Korea during the COVID‐19 pandemic","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Asian Culture and Media Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Social distance; Virology; Geography; Biology; Medicine; Outbreak","score_opus":0.0378929114060379,"score_gpt":0.3667832936065826,"score_spread":0.32889038220054473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393227774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8515975,0.0021313275,0.000027751179,0.08170343,0.0002308245,0.0002238712,0.000055471093,0.00026758175,0.06376228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941475,0.000068385074,0.0000032969654,0.00016181823,0.0004916212,0.000019613837,0.0000015424667,0.000006297298,0.0050999746],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993224,0.00003068212,0.00013743297,0.00013201691,0.0001306885,0.0002467772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997804,0.000066681285,0.000034883793,0.00005968953,0.00002012608,0.000038219943],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014136422,0.00007614084,0.00012892566,0.00015523944,0.0001174214,0.00007096795,0.00023346196,0.00007560482,0.000021612686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005274462,0.00005141139,0.000058635695,0.0004300049,0.0010799078,0.00010242101,0.00011697136,0.00017290506,0.000028176326],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001757532,0.000013961891,0.13418026,0.000044929508,0.000055560526,0.000018828003,0.6491449,2.3136626e-7,0.00008435835,0.20821884,0.004149651,0.0040709036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003601914,0.00004167371,0.009670804,0.00007007872,0.000033106764,0.000021840482,0.18776226,0.000004255409,0.000225721,0.07380596,0.7277554,0.00024867244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022073325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026437824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7236058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015796602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002238254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3978965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395031009","doi":"10.1002/poi3.387","title":"How harassment and hate speech policies have changed over time: Comparing Facebook, Twitter and Reddit (2005–2020)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Harassment; Notice; Social media; Internet privacy; Public relations; Moderation; Sociology; Political science; Computer science; Media studies; Advertising; World Wide Web; Business; Psychology; Law; Social psychology","score_opus":0.021936620218937043,"score_gpt":0.27207352914784516,"score_spread":0.2501369089289081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395031009","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92276746,0.0018963635,0.014023179,0.04344024,0.0011015121,0.0010005713,0.000029370052,0.0011022212,0.014639083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9584192,0.00014829064,0.00097514683,0.0009138581,0.0005527013,0.000035341327,0.0000049411724,0.00002491905,0.03892559],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985618,0.000053431406,0.00017390681,0.0005098095,0.00022738706,0.00047369424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994024,0.00004208754,0.000050511484,0.000298666,0.00002392469,0.00018240808],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002078064,0.00023689964,0.00022803574,0.00027767086,0.00007246757,0.001595184,0.00029723629,0.000080254154,0.000050245286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001971463,0.00021300252,0.00005708582,0.00017374124,0.00008694467,0.0004299932,0.00045708357,0.00022955086,0.00017135109],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011279718,0.00015456957,0.0053327866,0.0006779207,0.00094218086,0.00076254795,0.040019628,0.000022120352,0.08676203,0.03561685,0.4059419,0.42365468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009529369,0.00039343303,0.013714862,0.00056947535,0.00006239197,0.0009565821,0.00014355175,0.24134912,0.07225904,0.0044734897,0.6640592,0.0010659058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015528345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017697427,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42258877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011016823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398174247","doi":"10.1002/poi3.393","title":"The (complex) effect of internet voting on turnout: Theoretical and methodological considerations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung","keywords":"Turnout; Voting; The Internet; Computer science; Political science; Epistemology; World Wide Web; Philosophy; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.04154728053599447,"score_gpt":0.34772429169931784,"score_spread":0.30617701116332335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398174247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.540932,0.0007455064,0.4162774,0.01719081,0.0014084304,0.0005938081,0.000011393675,0.0006898142,0.022150816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971686,0.000015616419,0.0020020176,0.0003805159,0.00015683421,0.000014294518,8.15087e-7,0.000007885973,0.00025342315],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856627,0.0005402755,0.00022914515,0.0002907346,0.0001511403,0.00022241597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99623835,0.0034195436,0.00004001288,0.00020819686,0.000024763242,0.00006911939],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011159333,0.00013240444,0.00017014125,0.00010638535,0.000067114706,0.00039536835,0.0002804641,0.000060689345,0.00004818455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012310626,0.00007484664,0.000087418935,0.00015989893,0.0002789844,0.000081576036,0.00022234369,0.0002487446,0.000056380737],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016825838,0.000006116357,0.000050489332,0.000018572473,0.000032371685,0.000011039025,0.00044977368,0.0000044102644,0.0009331791,0.9688629,0.0015783611,0.028035969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069074787,0.004029194,0.0033858458,0.0005397609,0.000060843053,0.0008496394,0.00004013909,0.49733952,0.19584402,0.27106282,0.025602944,0.00055452343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016148157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016951679,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6978001,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030053867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026592383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3812546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399856984","doi":"10.1002/poi3.408","title":"The responsibility to protect online: Lessons from R2P and the politics of Western‐Centricity in online harms regulation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Responsibility to protect; Genocide; Impunity; Political science; International community; Crimes against humanity; Humanitarian intervention; Human rights; Politics; Internet governance; Law; International law; War crime; Criminology; Sociology; Corporate governance; Business","score_opus":0.029241223476408045,"score_gpt":0.3807682359626417,"score_spread":0.35152701248623364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399856984","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91931444,0.0004988241,0.00006611294,0.078740634,0.000121552934,0.00044318492,0.00033524717,0.000030103887,0.0004499017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971091,0.00019780893,0.00006548411,0.00063841516,0.00031207726,0.000008484992,0.00001758752,0.0000066650136,0.0016443719],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849784,0.00047534087,0.00028660652,0.00020933305,0.00025777883,0.00027311337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988803,0.0006973515,0.00005446383,0.00022700815,0.000062478815,0.0000783939],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009044304,0.000093231814,0.00015710373,0.00008363141,0.00011413015,0.00015247364,0.0003262918,0.000078764184,0.0000084970325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015000139,0.000057812507,0.000061153114,0.0004188413,0.0004395758,0.00008307139,0.00015486394,0.00021752596,0.000006172711],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049382553,0.0002193652,0.021374235,0.000047055448,0.00007382851,0.000006130116,0.122275405,0.000070618335,0.00010977276,0.8361193,0.001997229,0.017213231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012631505,0.00013342366,0.42915967,0.00050261006,0.00006700447,0.0000031395043,0.014106631,0.023392387,0.00016320193,0.3357561,0.19506569,0.0003869654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18984385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25362816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5003632,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020682161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022986527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81555104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404825353","doi":"10.1002/poi3.429","title":"Alert, but not alarmed: Electoral disinformation and trust during the 2023 Australian voice to parliament referendum","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"La Trobe University","keywords":"Disinformation; Referendum; Parliament; Political science; Internet privacy; Law; Computer science; Social media; Politics","score_opus":0.04284402229550691,"score_gpt":0.35132970981828937,"score_spread":0.30848568752278244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404825353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94325787,0.000031811796,0.000031462772,0.022949627,0.00034566942,0.00025006436,0.00004443775,0.0001059211,0.032983165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9355296,0.000057829162,0.00001581464,0.0017417506,0.0004923453,0.0000072626935,0.000009148975,0.000007415239,0.062138833],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892724,0.000052159336,0.00023710827,0.000112423375,0.00031096383,0.00036009983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995456,0.000040484323,0.000045327222,0.00012281071,0.00003026919,0.0002155431],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034709793,0.00011068254,0.00009054318,0.00016261725,0.0001791866,0.00065254787,0.00020572252,0.00005958588,0.0005372451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001810544,0.00007973855,0.000042009586,0.00029987335,0.00007643964,0.0006167039,0.00006424904,0.00014949554,0.00081664405],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011905744,0.00003555597,0.0010633675,0.00020996838,0.00014028067,0.000006577941,0.43729842,0.000034236593,0.0013654549,0.088597104,0.4025111,0.0686189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017060214,0.000054483782,0.044658,0.0001020635,0.000013259593,0.00000767994,0.009314399,0.00036973486,0.0025320547,0.00010753594,0.94247174,0.0001984282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021685204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044288193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5399607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023929201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010995113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999613},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406252029","doi":"10.1002/poi3.434","title":"Resisting and Claiming Digital Sovereignty: The Cases of Civil Society and Indigenous Groups","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy & Internet","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; Indigenous; Civil society; Political science; Digital society; Law; Sociology; Media studies; Politics","score_opus":0.025449701679829597,"score_gpt":0.30743745451451693,"score_spread":0.28198775283468736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406252029","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9405624,0.0059267157,0.0000086449545,0.0020663417,0.00009139158,0.00010601723,0.000053223994,0.00005757123,0.05112765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979708,0.0007149202,0.000008175663,0.00018779935,0.00037370034,0.0000046463797,0.0000015589978,0.0000075749167,0.0007308306],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992948,0.00003831183,0.00013153015,0.00015883791,0.0001591453,0.00021733118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993188,0.0005074387,0.000037679445,0.000065885586,0.000025216072,0.000044974888],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027459287,0.00008467205,0.000116426905,0.000033211527,0.00041448898,0.00027443317,0.0001071563,0.000047562775,0.00002474931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028413953,0.00006349098,0.0000688931,0.00015344101,0.0006366596,0.00017772808,0.00017946566,0.00012328585,0.0000027714257],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007782641,0.000016112754,0.004776996,0.00010046549,0.00015248405,0.000015113121,0.65250665,1.8360534e-7,0.0000105002755,0.30910626,0.003805892,0.029501589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004448307,0.00027628627,0.014365675,0.0009918343,0.00022103773,0.00014134015,0.45050088,0.00021474685,0.00020354029,0.19466639,0.33720317,0.00077026593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020146333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015881794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3333973,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004513474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008519366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9863786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}