{"meta":{"query_hash":"4e963d823199","filters":{"venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems"},"cohort_total":14,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"exported":14,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/4e963d823199","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Progress+in+Solar+Energy+and+Engineering+Systems"},"results":[{"id":"W3015974594","doi":"10.18280/psees.030104","title":"Experimental and Three-Dimensional Investigation on Thermal Performance of a Vortex Tube","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vortex tube; Tube (container); Vortex; Thermal; Mechanics; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.006826108262149317,"score_gpt":0.18209006102509187,"score_spread":0.17526395276294254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3015974594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99108505,0.008121488,0.00007858568,0.0000035123182,0.0003947979,0.00012588946,0.000001959254,0.00010057354,0.00008811517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996434,0.000019335133,0.00017487108,0.0000038359412,0.000050430634,0.000056549405,0.000005121221,0.0000351584,0.000011320409],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923366,0.000012451165,0.00023307967,0.00017067618,0.00015592117,0.00019421661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997296,0.000029240658,0.000027523774,0.00014142564,0.000013304218,0.000058911814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013195472,0.00017182689,0.00021970036,0.00011629091,0.000017906023,0.000022381548,0.00006352916,0.000099022356,0.0000032815144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026691775,0.00016603948,0.000018147593,0.00009575384,0.00003728567,0.00016285785,0.000024779622,0.00010844065,0.0000016787711],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004098597,0.000035304838,0.20496884,0.000915354,0.00008392298,0.000007432183,0.00053759763,0.7277614,0.05994302,0.0030692858,0.000009014784,0.0026278556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044852492,0.00012050543,0.04366012,0.00044439585,0.0000043229006,0.000015982818,0.000021587502,0.927824,0.02713467,0.0000028159752,0.00011216751,0.00021087322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026573116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021692388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20006265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000313114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006477152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67708933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285061931","doi":"10.18280/psees.050105","title":"Study of Fluid-Thermodynamic Transfers in Solar Ponds: Theoretical Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Field-Flow Fractionation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Work (physics); Temperature gradient; Heat transfer; Thermal; Second law of thermodynamics; Thermodynamic temperature; Mechanism (biology); Mechanics; Statistical physics; Physics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.005983424037203478,"score_gpt":0.20527316915283494,"score_spread":0.19928974511563147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285061931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9204565,0.0046686274,0.07339287,0.000009192208,0.00030371212,0.00022338216,0.000004286563,0.0003098271,0.0006315549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99883926,0.0001640574,0.0006993004,0.0000017916948,0.00002976292,0.0002084797,0.000009322206,0.000041310366,0.0000067103433],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896544,0.00006307104,0.00037482625,0.0002110922,0.00017226806,0.00021330915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996609,0.00005655435,0.000016935113,0.0001923907,0.00003210436,0.000041129097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027210897,0.00017062371,0.00030156985,0.00023547743,0.000015553167,0.000030858555,0.00010553561,0.00017073654,0.000003931107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001751747,0.00018338254,0.00003170028,0.00033316962,0.000030985044,0.000120140445,0.000020615338,0.00020785308,1.6468388e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042541484,0.0009843899,0.01576699,0.0020110675,0.0003001425,0.00022460661,0.00488962,0.8226504,0.010745215,0.12925492,0.000019421585,0.013110694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006510572,0.000083209015,0.0022600333,0.00019515087,0.000013812246,0.00004155317,0.0010244658,0.9910433,0.004201487,0.000094167175,0.00010964799,0.000282077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002488798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019486282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16839296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058938385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011073113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74781233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285312180","doi":"10.18280/psees.050101","title":"Matlab/Stateflow P&O and ICMPPT Implementation for PEM Fuel Cell Power System","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stateflow; Maximum power principle; MATLAB; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Maximum power point tracking; Control theory (sociology); Power (physics); Computer science; Voltage; Fuel cells; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.005294450905463711,"score_gpt":0.20497945901561365,"score_spread":0.19968500811014994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285312180","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5479265,0.42343122,0.016846899,0.000040575418,0.007461422,0.00084,0.00015047638,0.0011244369,0.0021784594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957587,0.0022324019,0.0015061635,0.0000025468676,0.00010168668,0.00018168165,0.000060076527,0.00006173203,0.00009497162],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990265,0.00002264699,0.00033165395,0.00021996867,0.00008983902,0.0003094114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996799,0.000035878194,0.000034413904,0.00013333008,0.0000381138,0.000078325465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018871724,0.00020150251,0.00027892305,0.00008613826,0.0000411347,0.000153532,0.000050575185,0.00015301826,0.0000049303508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029319897,0.00019888052,0.000030108196,0.00010437621,0.000012895203,0.00010668237,0.000029274097,0.000070818365,0.0000012268606],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011531525,0.00019017406,0.005966998,0.17735948,0.00094884844,0.00046310588,0.006505932,0.72621274,0.05247423,0.020639742,0.0019340105,0.007189395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052946075,0.000187689,0.00091605016,0.0023546144,0.00017784296,0.00053574424,0.0036911527,0.5791909,0.028602825,0.00009383499,0.37677664,0.002178072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021142598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010880817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44783223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000499081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009634569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8110112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285313208","doi":"10.18280/psees.050104","title":"Thermal Performance Enhancement of Asphalt Solar Collector by Using Extended Surfaces","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multiphysics; Asphalt; Materials science; Thermal; Solar energy; Composite material; Rut; Wetting; Environmental science; Finite element method; Structural engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.011359118262203378,"score_gpt":0.22302898321954526,"score_spread":0.21166986495734189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285313208","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95722866,0.032382775,0.009441198,0.000002880071,0.00064132264,0.00012290644,0.00000513688,0.00008870497,0.000086403285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99768233,0.0009038265,0.0011521119,0.000002358738,0.000057799974,0.00007452919,0.000022258622,0.00004009586,0.00006471017],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987329,0.000035447018,0.00043070954,0.00020116434,0.0002667418,0.0003329942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996108,0.000026255426,0.00006561061,0.00017576721,0.00006517099,0.000056403744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032233866,0.00020968009,0.000298241,0.00009599018,0.00005056198,0.00004216492,0.000095328935,0.000108707834,0.000015223237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007982808,0.00022525861,0.00002823676,0.00028570392,0.000027318229,0.00027364385,0.000036326597,0.000109730274,7.45985e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012930917,0.000062559295,0.012582522,0.001403021,0.000120326185,0.000007384987,0.00035750342,0.8669452,0.110246144,0.00006100633,0.000036645204,0.00816474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034195476,0.000036818277,0.0011626361,0.00031997066,0.000014185514,0.000005336334,0.000047038444,0.82032776,0.1767577,4.1754197e-7,0.0007865566,0.00019962453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014247732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028341867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06651155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010558048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033599896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91857797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285313699","doi":"10.18280/psees.050103","title":"Simulation Study of a Flat Plate Solar Collector Influence of the Mixture Air Flow","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Baffle; Mechanics; Glazing; Heat transfer; Materials science; Fluid dynamics; Thermal; Current (fluid); Solar energy; Flow (mathematics); Work (physics); Optics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.007809137754857498,"score_gpt":0.21141277602171743,"score_spread":0.20360363826685993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285313699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99376595,0.0050348807,0.0003767844,0.000004431881,0.00052596175,0.00021107617,0.000007937712,0.00004086599,0.00003210882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999606,0.000015668631,0.00006763404,0.000004589895,0.000080533435,0.000080351536,0.00000417439,0.000029219682,0.0001118277],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985763,0.00018581132,0.0005092741,0.00024059275,0.000273924,0.00021411067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990961,0.00017433646,0.00019584128,0.00035743974,0.00013570335,0.00004056424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025192628,0.00019257751,0.00040951103,0.00008416179,0.00006152265,0.000022233447,0.00017709052,0.00016074872,0.0000029766084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010335083,0.00014939133,0.000062355146,0.00052705617,0.000033283057,0.0000952801,0.00008432235,0.00013545607,3.1755565e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032316355,0.00009429163,0.044307873,0.00035718552,0.00011427121,0.000016223801,0.0018515858,0.9465585,0.005945173,0.00027217748,0.0000019151407,0.0004485085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015655203,0.00016784889,0.0406181,0.0011392748,0.000058595255,0.000035292083,0.0007917343,0.9312759,0.019632338,0.000027727952,0.0043118517,0.0003758274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00095471233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030951673,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015282589,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031556614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003237416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6092002},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285314018","doi":"10.18280/psees.050102","title":"Proposal a New Energy Certification with Multi-Criteria Analysis of Strategies Passives of Tertiary Building in Arid Region","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; Sustainability; Energy (signal processing); Environmental economics; Energy performance; Computer science; Energy analysis; Mathematics; Statistics; Economics","score_opus":0.009807571048863305,"score_gpt":0.21772636170161136,"score_spread":0.20791879065274804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285314018","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37016466,0.009731373,0.6197374,0.000014994736,0.00017836604,0.00005188293,0.0000025768015,0.0000983987,0.000020379739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99156594,0.00032304757,0.007969848,0.0000010898304,0.000024395753,0.00004451495,0.000032230993,0.000024987394,0.000013917524],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911845,0.000035131434,0.0003784692,0.0001936153,0.00010622958,0.00016811457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963707,0.000025417201,0.0000749779,0.00017855494,0.000044969966,0.00003902538],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081940474,0.00015474284,0.00034341495,0.00042301425,0.000014001704,0.000040209103,0.00007890062,0.0001154244,9.179094e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000062493027,0.00015014494,0.00003744155,0.0008544906,0.00002724292,0.00021460534,0.000019451803,0.00006832966,5.404413e-9],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014603526,0.000038059352,0.013972995,0.00027055715,0.00022326334,0.000018044811,0.00024275623,0.96820945,0.003575199,0.011074866,0.0000021304916,0.0023580594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029667374,0.000018768878,0.0076490813,0.0004445498,0.000069763475,0.000012197765,0.00013262806,0.98024577,0.010856764,0.000021474783,0.0000790466,0.00017327804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027380054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023936568,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6214013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032060263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004150023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61227334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285558342","doi":"10.18280/psees.040104","title":"Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid PV-PEM Fuel Cell Power System","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique","keywords":"Hybrid system; Automotive engineering; Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Process engineering; Electricity generation; Computer science; Hybrid power; Sizing; Photovoltaics; Fossil fuel; Greenhouse gas; Electric power system; Environmental science; Power (physics); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Fuel cells; Waste management","score_opus":0.006053925963563749,"score_gpt":0.16403103792968096,"score_spread":0.15797711196611722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285558342","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63856536,0.29145548,0.065859444,0.000013402551,0.0011366413,0.00022370245,0.000057166206,0.00061601226,0.0020728058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99728507,0.0021353809,0.00045506054,0.0000016396326,0.00004437072,0.000020985057,0.000010827671,0.00003995508,0.0000067004853],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904376,0.000019893267,0.00038975783,0.00020762802,0.00011211751,0.00022685969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967444,0.000026114496,0.00004762521,0.00012121096,0.000020613685,0.00010998401],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013875046,0.00019613314,0.00050315907,0.00019294473,0.00001823846,0.000054261844,0.00008096706,0.00010214216,0.000002185382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000020769119,0.00018591441,0.00005222009,0.00031878156,0.00002023276,0.000078549136,0.000033778437,0.0000963492,4.947685e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000063315647,0.0000064487426,0.00037920012,0.005378901,0.00026740183,0.000029052931,0.0003403363,0.99285555,0.00040792106,0.00030107255,0.000005790421,0.00002196931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001941421,0.000022223481,0.000020092904,0.00018209283,0.00012258174,0.000008168747,0.00010265396,0.99653494,0.001268838,0.0000012670935,0.0013467567,0.0001962592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022529337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.6519496e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35871974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020426833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036504389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.758137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285559801","doi":"10.18280/psees.040103","title":"Analysis of the Effects of ZrO2 Nanoparticles on the Penetration in GMAW Process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Penetration (warfare); Penetration depth; Welding; Coating; Composite material; Gas metal arc welding; Nozzle; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Mechanical engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.0059405689918876625,"score_gpt":0.19700960403537676,"score_spread":0.1910690350434891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285559801","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995124,0.004211754,0.00034771478,0.000053133168,0.00007679705,0.00010880325,0.0000016178712,0.000050524464,0.000025658705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99976474,0.00012123939,0.000020624188,0.000005784442,0.000016303991,0.000059640977,7.870362e-7,0.000010040902,8.466188e-7],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948484,0.000027345139,0.00019595932,0.00008337259,0.000107087275,0.00010138883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997373,0.00009749625,0.000034159846,0.00010118071,0.00001161189,0.000018251132],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009746853,0.000084858555,0.00018458709,0.00007703523,0.000013429332,0.000013416328,0.00012113764,0.00005325776,4.294512e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004109383,0.00005217234,0.000032573505,0.0006099082,0.000025181991,0.000031556905,0.000017367292,0.00007385693,2.5734847e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068360155,0.000019790808,0.03494665,0.0012470663,0.00012234412,0.000002473651,0.00065011584,0.9533342,0.006848026,0.0021263552,0.000012320176,0.0006838235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015227374,0.00006981103,0.03351198,0.0007614499,0.00007093819,6.928409e-7,0.000076797056,0.62017673,0.3448691,0.000019595855,0.00015502359,0.00013557212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003275872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018431236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3380211,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009312487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003345224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21275264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285564345","doi":"10.18280/psees.040102","title":"Characterization Process of Silicon Solar Cell in BAEC Lab","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar cell; Sheet resistance; Wafer; Materials science; Scanning electron microscope; Optoelectronics; Silicon; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Diffusion; Equivalent series resistance; Voltage; Composite material; Layer (electronics); Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.007109086940720152,"score_gpt":0.18680273450077067,"score_spread":0.17969364756005052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285564345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920669,0.004815711,0.0023443957,0.000025728401,0.00015417647,0.00011584538,0.0000055939845,0.0003742912,0.00009732273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99949527,0.00027733273,0.000051765146,0.0000061236265,0.00003946827,0.00007360424,0.000014544171,0.00003673259,0.000005163031],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913603,0.00001681594,0.00032906892,0.00018486063,0.00010127057,0.00023195274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977934,0.000015719981,0.000038910537,0.00010439087,0.00001639677,0.000045229688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000104952866,0.00017503221,0.0003027371,0.0001663608,0.000014413126,0.000030944717,0.00014336995,0.00018651683,0.0000016627185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001409186,0.0001864762,0.00002343802,0.00037667056,0.000025930962,0.00015281956,0.000031289648,0.00016757181,7.0674474e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006625499,0.00018962931,0.25939527,0.014777072,0.000106265514,0.00012163568,0.010397827,0.27721584,0.4016702,0.0036663024,0.00002314146,0.032370567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060905324,0.00005553764,0.011990355,0.0002478927,0.000006947699,0.000005465613,0.00046558553,0.8597388,0.1243336,0.000006022058,0.0021604432,0.00038029876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008780628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000323005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.582523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002112667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062512117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7604279},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285567757","doi":"10.18280/psees.040105","title":"Dual Axis Solar Tracking System Using Arduino","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arduino; Solar tracker; Tracing; Solar micro-inverter; Solar energy; Servomotor; Solar cell; Software; Computer science; Solar power; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Embedded system; Maximum power point tracking; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Operating system; Voltage","score_opus":0.019266910463310853,"score_gpt":0.22431973725370466,"score_spread":0.2050528267903938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285567757","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36433798,0.04185866,0.58034354,0.00011736669,0.0033008084,0.0012950659,0.000041791507,0.0065495414,0.0021552215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960212,0.00006368304,0.0032012092,0.00002074422,0.00040919374,0.00015348516,0.000013189837,0.00010211014,0.000015156042],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979284,0.00012896057,0.0006715887,0.00048396728,0.00031404966,0.0004730368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923056,0.00005539573,0.00016207351,0.00026679804,0.00008195678,0.00020322272],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038730886,0.00034810536,0.0005636863,0.00020646042,0.000099511606,0.0001960319,0.00019884191,0.0002759062,0.0000035873882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005297878,0.00036441648,0.000073392934,0.00046156536,0.000038871338,0.00031852172,0.00009388544,0.0001912834,0.000002684158],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007382111,0.000070582886,0.012037241,0.0038316147,0.00029101863,0.0004628082,0.002584267,0.9148574,0.013141647,0.045905568,0.00008612926,0.0066579045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042573115,0.00005299509,0.0001154298,0.0008931396,0.00002506852,0.00017784005,0.0004123458,0.97842735,0.010699789,0.000004282467,0.008287279,0.0004787772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057162694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012819378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63168323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016783806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002879763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297917745","doi":"10.18280/psees.010101","title":"Energy and exergy analysis of flat plate solar collector for three working fluids, under the same conditions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Working fluid; Exergy efficiency; Solar energy; Nanofluids in solar collectors; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Solar thermal collector; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.021159080367848665,"score_gpt":0.23988190617393848,"score_spread":0.21872282580608982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297917745","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87259513,0.05575516,0.066633925,0.00014603205,0.0029759374,0.00068777567,0.00016241384,0.00026215805,0.0007814456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99852115,0.00022434266,0.00013578334,0.00001505813,0.0002468557,0.00044318996,0.000045106848,0.00005206499,0.00031641958],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984031,0.0000741773,0.0005189563,0.0003763122,0.00020711654,0.00042036257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998604,0.0003297084,0.00031497353,0.00058855105,0.000070606635,0.000092165385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047088004,0.0003011814,0.0006801162,0.00029290677,0.00048626243,0.00025671706,0.00035554956,0.00023793704,0.0000070813016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003980035,0.0002375267,0.00015584445,0.0003179356,0.00016256337,0.0001533535,0.000110500056,0.00010063897,2.1604798e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005502152,0.00017563476,0.12714393,0.0011671358,0.011150376,0.000055640605,0.002147911,0.3321327,0.01966613,0.47610307,0.00024163279,0.029465636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014598048,0.00011183423,0.02515339,0.00069499755,0.0007218333,0.000038756334,0.00033916504,0.9260915,0.0026678764,0.0012465625,0.04075749,0.0007167931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052042007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055365954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5939588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004296958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022598108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9686058},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389962043","doi":"10.18280/psees.060101","title":"Conception of a Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond in Beirut, Lebanon: Instrumentation, Control, Maintenance and Economic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Instrumentation (computer programming); Salinity; Environmental science; Oceanography; Engineering; Geology; Solar energy; Computer science; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01001176841803164,"score_gpt":0.23527755843435896,"score_spread":0.22526579001632732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389962043","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851063,0.0070713996,0.0065130633,0.000074254196,0.0007736381,0.00025063282,0.000033085973,0.0000665457,0.0001110805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979995,0.00015628601,0.0012695417,0.000015384026,0.000059316204,0.00040234506,0.000027797634,0.000030205292,0.000039662165],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844044,0.00028542816,0.000563559,0.00031597883,0.00012988984,0.00026467344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945396,0.00010045058,0.00016456794,0.00019657702,0.000023343217,0.000061112645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00092153467,0.00017373875,0.00035310903,0.0002741941,0.000067145134,0.000042438962,0.00013185704,0.00008183118,0.000012237861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025509351,0.00019421708,0.000030793697,0.00017419027,0.000069393194,0.00017517965,0.00006293188,0.00017238867,4.5317518e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028106858,0.00016553412,0.27391425,0.0005021504,0.00016400094,0.00003764264,0.00416377,0.5764275,0.002943194,0.11538597,0.000042107527,0.02597279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009105342,0.0005038808,0.07160307,0.0004583029,0.00005705543,0.00021349094,0.0026711414,0.84925705,0.0034424774,0.0010486129,0.060459677,0.0011798863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008105084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011020707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27282953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017905282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002594079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7919943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389962045","doi":"10.18280/psees.060103","title":"Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and Testing of Medium Length Electric Power Transmission Line","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Power Systems and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Electric power transmission; Line (geometry); Transmission line; Power (physics); Materials science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.004563122630625322,"score_gpt":0.19682686137068847,"score_spread":0.19226373874006314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389962045","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9155325,0.07626325,0.00763525,0.000010261342,0.00016347726,0.00008346034,0.000004414558,0.00022751169,0.000079863676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99918723,0.00015933767,0.000524945,9.1093153e-7,0.000014933062,0.00008566546,0.0000023746682,0.000021683893,0.0000028904574],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919266,0.000027074973,0.00026036717,0.0001786625,0.00013659404,0.0002046562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997346,0.000068246,0.000029221272,0.00010613417,0.00001034216,0.00005144744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024629672,0.0001492002,0.00031358225,0.0003440112,0.000051311006,0.000025103462,0.00007719189,0.00007656675,0.000003933911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012082783,0.00013994619,0.000024800975,0.0005254734,0.00005008117,0.00005428231,0.00006463015,0.0001476134,1.6601934e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013964526,0.00041946402,0.14522901,0.003273215,0.002575624,0.00027841324,0.006036145,0.5039519,0.120798185,0.14285934,0.00003762911,0.07440145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037487916,0.00020712765,0.0024603163,0.00009981708,0.00005679062,0.00008100815,0.00037661454,0.9769117,0.018260194,0.00003961213,0.00085840013,0.0002735025],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025728928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.321196e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47295985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025879162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000044724798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.570684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389977998","doi":"10.18280/psees.060102","title":"Performance Analysis of Multi-Oriented Residential Rooftop PV System in Indonesia Towards Net Zero Emission by 2060","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Zero emission; Zero-energy building; Net (polyhedron); Zero (linguistics); Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Geography; Engineering; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Solar energy; Geometry","score_opus":0.005220395784046317,"score_gpt":0.1921009594684934,"score_spread":0.18688056368444708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389977998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9683168,0.01109821,0.018843291,0.0000037084633,0.001211731,0.00016776456,0.000022142762,0.00026372386,0.000072616196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99905103,0.00016935528,0.00017352775,0.0000014506983,0.000039423514,0.00037433192,0.00008127263,0.00004945903,0.0000601692],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824667,0.00007749771,0.0006161576,0.00030909947,0.00036664034,0.00038394614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949795,0.00002320793,0.00008190556,0.00029608226,0.000023294415,0.00007754563],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005049995,0.00025655402,0.00052859844,0.0009109732,0.000061568855,0.0000320688,0.00022956957,0.00010115251,0.0000031416562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000616065,0.0002873312,0.00006613096,0.0015421063,0.000020252692,0.00014379155,0.00016664641,0.00020603529,1.728759e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019024039,0.0000386478,0.08292801,0.00062255806,0.00026563354,0.000025290223,0.00020286834,0.91408604,0.00031900514,0.00022070971,0.000105250234,0.0011669322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056488294,0.000032901597,0.029883739,0.0001806561,0.00008284671,0.000006688089,0.00015485435,0.9649522,0.0005705156,1.06607935e-7,0.0033060103,0.00026464398],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000334423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001988729,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05304427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028361112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010934437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}