{"meta":{"query_hash":"2fc0adefd6d6","filters":{"venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific"},"cohort_total":300,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":300,"exported":300,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/2fc0adefd6d6","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Publications+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific"},"results":[{"id":"W1043744215","doi":"10.1086/682719","title":"“Observing and Analyzing” Images from a Simulated High-Redshift Universe","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; St. Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Redshift; Galaxy; James Webb Space Telescope; Astronomy; Zodiacal light; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Universe; Supernova; Luminosity; Observational astronomy; Luminosity function; Telescope","score_opus":0.01218637223880314,"score_gpt":0.20478118607314647,"score_spread":0.19259481383434332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1043744215","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99406207,0.00003165143,0.0007666003,0.0045205215,0.00007724311,0.00019738523,0.00018682999,0.000020459673,0.0001372672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99668586,9.5330176e-7,0.0028892849,0.0000011967198,0.000059301732,0.0000058861306,0.000053996773,0.000010898945,0.00029261038],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991039,0.00007979775,0.00031749232,0.00017228267,0.00014911355,0.00017738866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998553,0.000090468595,0.00039383463,0.00068415987,0.00018923536,0.00008935049],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022324329,0.00012396433,0.00019081807,0.000025060126,0.00021965956,0.000047377274,0.000635293,0.0000385215,0.00006903769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027738963,0.00008948363,0.00023414165,0.0003133499,0.00034639335,0.00031854454,0.00046933212,0.00014236216,0.000006599289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041070907,0.00006590627,0.99065405,0.0000032636901,0.00012191156,1.5157731e-11,0.0008850826,0.0025921422,0.00029082547,0.0027419948,0.0025899985,0.00005072312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000402439,0.0000066886428,0.98174703,0.000010971845,0.00006025575,2.6121192e-8,0.0028471728,0.008508464,0.00051683566,0.0055282796,0.00029059337,0.000081222526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009571248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039488955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008906994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009147618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000120177174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36490363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1537211011","doi":"10.1086/588154","title":"Infrared Excess in the Be Star δ Scorpii","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Infrared excess; Spectral energy distribution; Be star; Circumstellar envelope; Infrared; Circumstellar disk; Radiative transfer; Star (game theory); Circumstellar dust; Binary star; Astronomy; Stars; Optics; Galaxy","score_opus":0.021989296867274122,"score_gpt":0.23086464087260541,"score_spread":0.20887534400533128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1537211011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98532146,0.000019953277,0.0014080364,0.0097560985,0.00006571627,0.00030059772,0.00014537928,0.000006656776,0.0029761014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980463,0.0000024392607,0.0011255154,0.00002767858,0.00005936054,0.000052373733,0.000015744374,0.000006811348,0.00066379015],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903595,0.00007925506,0.00035603053,0.00012529631,0.00021846958,0.00018501304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875367,0.00010018462,0.00032671064,0.00070131774,0.00009414106,0.000024006114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020848232,0.00011166316,0.00018027282,0.000017016488,0.0004131393,0.000022410803,0.0009778825,0.000023793871,0.000043106047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000977649,0.000060392656,0.0004272592,0.00038778913,0.0005101273,0.00015863324,0.00026017576,0.00020703932,0.000003981874],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011242217,0.00054464384,0.88953215,0.0000134787915,0.00021199686,1.3653846e-9,0.009386164,0.0018266044,0.00023146818,0.04650888,0.051084783,0.0006485717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043152948,0.000014574951,0.96882594,0.000013548834,0.0000268673,1.8132668e-7,0.010353114,0.001485743,0.00052018097,0.0060811713,0.012132747,0.00011438361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000076503165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012642444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07929379,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028129283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008436507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31775752},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1685287275","doi":"10.1086/682387","title":"The SDSS-IV in 2014: A Demographic Snapshot","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Colorado Boulder; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; York University; Carnegie Institution for Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Johns Hopkins University; University of Utah; Ohio State University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; University of Notre Dame; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Demographics; Snapshot (computer storage); Ethnic group; Baseline (sea); Survey data collection; Sky","score_opus":0.015102289857859118,"score_gpt":0.22693520671419065,"score_spread":0.21183291685633154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1685287275","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704892,0.00014245792,0.0030854435,0.01302489,0.0005465733,0.00068127655,0.00007129862,0.000016969603,0.011941896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941411,0.0000010862124,0.0043882723,0.000010790007,0.00006673091,0.000086703214,0.00001491845,0.000010543102,0.0012798615],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987454,0.00012934096,0.0004472068,0.00019706142,0.00019947729,0.00028151166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99839365,0.00014148328,0.00035746075,0.00092033,0.00010277264,0.000084283376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00068884704,0.0001381843,0.00018506906,0.000028727163,0.00033413531,0.000037175258,0.0013297264,0.000044108354,0.00009449572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026353642,0.00007981288,0.0004371221,0.00038794515,0.00069989497,0.00012783204,0.0003332413,0.000287959,0.000014793119],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009284368,0.00015985641,0.91420203,0.0000028125492,0.000096344775,3.2005065e-10,0.0006732769,0.0006282508,0.00007460173,0.01028079,0.07201119,0.0018615676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007967755,0.00001706104,0.67861044,0.00002510565,0.000039275124,1.8223217e-7,0.0048218826,0.00066641904,0.00070744427,0.0066631385,0.3074503,0.00020201747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006798331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000064425203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23559162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000934646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003174815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3254675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964383319","doi":"10.1086/529410","title":"Photometric Variability of the B8Iae Supergiant Variable HD 199478 (HR 8020)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Supergiant; Variable star; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Physics; Photometry (optics); Stars","score_opus":0.013784618023176072,"score_gpt":0.20455494439347083,"score_spread":0.19077032637029476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964383319","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768084,0.00009333668,0.001078833,0.004173733,0.00037280098,0.00058719015,0.00022967506,0.000014979034,0.01664103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99669904,0.000007668706,0.0021804462,0.000016002534,0.00010224723,0.000028553386,0.00001318382,0.000011601553,0.00094125967],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846673,0.00016697575,0.000528803,0.00025683537,0.00030214264,0.00027851854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99733424,0.00058291777,0.0004851954,0.0013704741,0.0001723433,0.000054839194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005373561,0.00017641355,0.00036028575,0.000029413653,0.00047415856,0.000015107492,0.0012516448,0.00006266322,0.0002920019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013096996,0.000099342746,0.0007314914,0.0009396873,0.0008506797,0.00009018552,0.00045663674,0.00027298112,0.0000053448107],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000074864874,0.0002813209,0.98706144,0.000014981946,0.00023033885,3.6954695e-10,0.00045756812,0.00052656035,0.00020509626,0.0020930136,0.008994983,0.00012719608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027768433,0.000014106167,0.9913587,0.000011999528,0.000107281194,5.262262e-7,0.00044678673,0.0006699426,0.0016520426,0.0012227874,0.004142207,0.00009593255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006207498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013353913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019890614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005943854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019407154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40510795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964531516","doi":"10.1086/430367","title":"The Globular Cluster Content of Maffei 1","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Globular cluster; Physics; Distance modulus; Astrophysics; Star cluster; Elliptical galaxy; Center (category theory); Cluster (spacecraft); Galaxy; Crystallography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.016692610914279055,"score_gpt":0.2154060493856748,"score_spread":0.19871343847139575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964531516","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92687523,0.00042009758,0.001071882,0.058226988,0.00029167463,0.00060150214,0.00010365548,0.000012510865,0.012396481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99698466,0.000007895689,0.0010746035,0.000021520953,0.00013727928,0.00001950675,0.000008361131,0.0000075257008,0.0017386725],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990361,0.000070240145,0.00038248915,0.00013587342,0.0001774173,0.00019790292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983506,0.00032101403,0.00040528373,0.0007703733,0.00011828675,0.00003445099],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028549702,0.00011522385,0.0002013821,0.000008316492,0.00030131056,0.000021862776,0.00081166375,0.000031866795,0.0000640497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026918173,0.000059533886,0.00054155505,0.00013212545,0.00056333706,0.000060424296,0.00026339598,0.00014312017,0.00000795645],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009030964,0.00010773943,0.9724835,0.000005425302,0.00029030582,6.939705e-11,0.0003228919,0.00052963366,0.00013213734,0.003395692,0.020870173,0.0018534423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003124299,0.000010994822,0.97090244,0.000011391817,0.000085375534,1.274831e-7,0.0013911446,0.0010529241,0.0019789033,0.00044523744,0.023741014,0.00006798741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009468461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003948232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07010943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030135678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048149588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24277215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967394086","doi":"10.1086/665582","title":"An Inexpensive Liquid Crystal Spectropolarimeter for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Plaskett Telescope","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Cassegrain reflector; Observatory; Telescope; Polarimetry; Data reduction; Instrumentation (computer programming); Line (geometry)","score_opus":0.014712632197852763,"score_gpt":0.22524822227071803,"score_spread":0.21053559007286526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967394086","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9546621,0.00013715899,0.03981513,0.004040176,0.00047712692,0.00056302664,0.00011643475,0.000060501145,0.00012834804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895598,0.000004284001,0.009942199,0.000035591205,0.00028943626,0.00003824885,0.00001641934,0.000028634136,0.00008534943],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999005,0.00005488236,0.00032064933,0.00013036908,0.00016991673,0.00031914303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986108,0.0002641926,0.00012649088,0.0008002622,0.00009542943,0.000102816324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002545172,0.00014592157,0.00018854515,0.000020123887,0.000232939,0.000036442096,0.00080942217,0.000091413734,0.000026534372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008656309,0.00008476628,0.00046612194,0.00028081852,0.00040506475,0.00029326198,0.0001366729,0.0002690996,0.000008465425],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023670132,0.0017402672,0.1443244,0.00020294909,0.001270088,1.4032687e-9,0.003071798,0.046370566,0.6875909,0.045930613,0.06745739,0.0018042934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096737134,0.00018973321,0.7849076,0.000031616113,0.00023964579,0.0000011728733,0.0028200517,0.07109812,0.11007486,0.00029526599,0.028947124,0.00042746853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007015998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.221315e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64058316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000095474825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037508096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3456669},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967468607","doi":"10.1086/662663","title":"New Results for the Open Cluster Bica 6 and Its Associated Planetary Nebula Abell 8","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Thompson Rivers University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Nebula; Planetary nebula; Photometry (optics); Astronomy; Open cluster; Stars; Emission nebula; Radial velocity","score_opus":0.03449213303776851,"score_gpt":0.23450462562644006,"score_spread":0.20001249258867154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967468607","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74127555,0.001677782,0.0047722375,0.13252518,0.0016605519,0.008824401,0.0028606951,0.00008545586,0.10631812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948954,0.000008668611,0.0018439089,0.000038947648,0.00010004262,0.000035497433,0.000057434587,0.000010313739,0.003009775],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990636,0.00006540047,0.00033653522,0.0002093641,0.000109338835,0.00021572367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998264,0.0006231246,0.0003965724,0.00058093836,0.000079982536,0.000055354045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039138805,0.00013674935,0.00022056948,0.000010081285,0.00040400348,0.000047118516,0.0011602606,0.0000482342,0.000063060565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005733747,0.00007409051,0.00026842268,0.00013355138,0.00018519141,0.000102084894,0.0005004533,0.00015348477,0.0000041114113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000654961,0.000109429515,0.87010056,0.000006518142,0.0006060527,2.93613e-10,0.0013538881,0.00010338699,0.000014865357,0.001644776,0.1250392,0.0009558038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008806715,0.00002573252,0.9853482,0.000013895813,0.00018019411,1.3984746e-7,0.00066086784,0.0018358177,0.00031134204,0.0012283712,0.009420951,0.00009380484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064216636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015348036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25361985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016828199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007938535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3107309},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967608735","doi":"10.1086/342677","title":"The 7.5 Magnitude Limit Sample of Bright Short‐Period Binary Stars. I. How Many Contact Binaries Are There?","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Binary number; Stars; Contact binary; Limit (mathematics); Magnitude (astronomy); Sample (material); Population; Binary star","score_opus":0.01941525521570892,"score_gpt":0.20803195721931989,"score_spread":0.18861670200361097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967608735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95770174,0.000896986,0.00031503945,0.035452444,0.00024352751,0.00054594665,0.00043259663,0.000019825618,0.004391899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99774367,0.000046784855,0.00072095107,0.000010953687,0.0000970793,0.000036513924,0.000022204067,0.000016105369,0.0013057421],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987264,0.00011080827,0.0003837436,0.00022599915,0.00024684178,0.0003061672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99766433,0.0006184591,0.0004776322,0.0010230581,0.00016348944,0.000053055956],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022432338,0.00020336462,0.0003427489,0.000018410814,0.00063650584,0.000076824675,0.0010631265,0.000053697288,0.00022833305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059062637,0.00011184945,0.00064569054,0.00022822611,0.00079810806,0.000117576805,0.00031832865,0.00023954823,0.0000062668023],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012255817,0.00020780104,0.9640685,0.000014599756,0.00045428655,2.35251e-9,0.0005562559,0.00007291709,0.00014304135,0.0022305509,0.031239918,0.000999899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023665417,0.000028102946,0.9792409,0.000022083372,0.00011916633,2.644135e-7,0.0038922646,0.000865138,0.00065656734,0.0004463703,0.014376783,0.000115699266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017314819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010177006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04004193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003658261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004169281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48955524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968631888","doi":"10.1086/316570","title":"Narrow Diffuse Interstellar Bands: A Survey with Precise Wavelengths","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Wavelength; Stars; Spectral line; Interstellar medium; Astronomy; Radial velocity; Interstellar cloud; Atlas (anatomy); Astronomical spectroscopy; Molecular cloud; Galaxy; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.011456333770886746,"score_gpt":0.20376850973055283,"score_spread":0.19231217595966607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968631888","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867038,0.00007019274,0.00016086636,0.0026419398,0.000082038176,0.00033258845,0.0001319085,0.000013768581,0.009862914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99651295,0.000005603472,0.0006360602,0.000009384302,0.000066611276,0.00002064241,0.00003894533,0.000014115612,0.0026956624],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891704,0.00012345695,0.00031504728,0.00022435181,0.00018528859,0.00023482184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984464,0.00032119863,0.00024141351,0.00083688047,0.00009598041,0.000058095557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026163468,0.00016739096,0.00026115632,0.000014207996,0.00024533554,0.000034038974,0.0007497646,0.000039196766,0.00048457418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018964502,0.00009602908,0.00036291382,0.0002614987,0.00045349135,0.00008561938,0.00011841818,0.00019239688,0.000014223362],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000312812,0.00022280049,0.98635817,0.0000065789363,0.00023834396,5.5024346e-10,0.0007111324,0.00037469488,0.000012368143,0.00009294666,0.009934275,0.0020174026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049390376,0.000024175077,0.99394876,0.00002090081,0.000078027624,3.1153792e-7,0.00057715405,0.00070563273,0.00046816192,0.0001133547,0.003458333,0.00011129159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024301118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011367732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009809191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028455675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061004423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53057474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970871572","doi":"10.1086/666462","title":"SSOS: A Moving-Object Image Search Tool for Asteroid Precovery","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Object (grammar); Computer science; Asteroid; Ephemeris; Solar System; Astronomy; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.013639799714926449,"score_gpt":0.23228081151288785,"score_spread":0.2186410117979614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970871572","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976702,0.00003098764,0.018487405,0.0026475308,0.00017901669,0.0005413018,0.000519072,0.00001061025,0.0008821255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852959,3.6954773e-7,0.013234341,0.000009621765,0.0001756188,0.000043683733,0.000038637547,0.0000090004105,0.0011928653],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896276,0.00006635423,0.00027525247,0.00016476493,0.0001705021,0.00036037972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987385,0.0002139004,0.00022487996,0.0006752866,0.00008022742,0.000067197594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052668876,0.000115553805,0.00016813462,0.000015718504,0.00025727146,0.00004310784,0.00091957435,0.000033543773,0.00014194752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022070446,0.00007465112,0.00052275026,0.00020021597,0.0003111696,0.0003753224,0.00024639038,0.0001627906,0.000012760803],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009570359,0.00016252836,0.979389,0.00001424665,0.000084672276,4.709409e-11,0.00053794286,0.0006164176,0.006129138,0.001261587,0.0099759055,0.0018189906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027776003,0.000025153431,0.98060167,0.000014821442,0.000043962278,1.7503879e-7,0.0013285226,0.0044627646,0.007531289,0.0002721066,0.005316402,0.00012538722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052442643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.7567997e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008593912,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030600222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010540905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30441844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970950646","doi":"10.1086/521835","title":"A Preliminary Investigation of the Diffuse Interstellar Line at 8621 Å","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Equivalent width; Observatory; Astronomy; Spectral line; Spiral galaxy; Emission spectrum","score_opus":0.013740379965172876,"score_gpt":0.22179369607733543,"score_spread":0.20805331611216255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970950646","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888024,0.000021182595,0.0050774384,0.0050204773,0.00011054736,0.00029396854,0.00010527173,0.000006339328,0.0005623939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99795455,9.39846e-7,0.0012861956,0.000011838631,0.000062701474,0.000012294598,0.000013845325,0.000008845381,0.00064879993],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989879,0.000051289964,0.0004713763,0.00012586082,0.00019960382,0.00016397987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99829143,0.000117739604,0.0006772566,0.0007224481,0.00015268374,0.000038416892],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027480358,0.00011554075,0.00018399055,0.000016174781,0.0003003142,0.000012486575,0.0007086489,0.00003313474,0.000024244398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000148066465,0.00006424099,0.0005910332,0.00030680056,0.00063367427,0.000096823795,0.0006512019,0.00015586332,0.000002876952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036512094,0.0003215272,0.96347004,0.000032882006,0.0003566966,2.6556965e-10,0.0045590033,0.0014544206,0.0071389843,0.011915223,0.009278044,0.0014366419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050063053,0.000038329123,0.94629765,0.000048121157,0.00010223463,1.1099388e-7,0.005064086,0.0027314692,0.0403714,0.0026876768,0.0020428894,0.0001154208],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035628807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016606306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033232413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005824223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005069604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26196715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971127364","doi":"10.1086/524414","title":"In Search of Possible Associations between Planetary Nebulae and Open Clusters","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Stillwater (Canada); Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Planetary nebula; Open cluster; Cluster (spacecraft); Line-of-sight; Line (geometry); Star cluster; Feature (linguistics)","score_opus":0.023882414550436777,"score_gpt":0.2650755787253344,"score_spread":0.2411931641748976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971127364","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98602456,0.00004690664,0.00028575823,0.0061721015,0.000060780134,0.00038615675,0.0002170651,0.0000031923717,0.0068035075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980588,0.0000025016327,0.0014807753,0.000009467459,0.000055225668,0.0000046646364,0.000049826063,0.0000058230944,0.00033293228],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907196,0.00006267933,0.0003836454,0.00014399696,0.00014162851,0.00019611776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876124,0.0004746085,0.0002812027,0.0003831984,0.000058659534,0.000041114323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063950807,0.000090031135,0.00025842292,0.000029881616,0.00015473815,0.000022904527,0.00069498585,0.00004102213,0.000036279052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019170377,0.00006367486,0.00016094376,0.00025895544,0.00029224707,0.00011866731,0.00043055837,0.00017222909,0.0000014281211],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005429755,0.00007107812,0.9954678,0.00000685719,0.00015799652,4.2483805e-10,0.0006855529,0.00021310642,0.00002752412,0.00058992225,0.002324907,0.00044984004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030655498,0.000010669788,0.99672526,0.000011607766,0.000043276228,5.336763e-8,0.0011854012,0.0001711348,0.00057504594,0.0006094331,0.0003071811,0.00005437481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014382678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002658775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012034252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033086155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006819215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25965855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971214928","doi":"10.1086/316492","title":"Efficient Speckle Noise Attenuation in Faint Companion Imaging","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Speckle pattern; Attenuation; Optics; Speckle noise; Wavelength; Speckle imaging; Starlight; Noise (video); Wavefront; Point spread function; Sky; Stars; Astrophysics; Computer science; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.010009676681509283,"score_gpt":0.21877361204354237,"score_spread":0.20876393536203308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971214928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869073,0.000011513229,0.0041494896,0.0063512283,0.000054967124,0.00024308998,0.00003463178,0.000006316221,0.0022414788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961047,3.6250287e-7,0.003452547,0.000007429461,0.000054281965,0.0000064062824,0.000011518299,0.000008940245,0.00035377915],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991789,0.00005329373,0.00030420098,0.00015829848,0.00013107053,0.00017423365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991942,0.000051284525,0.00020259454,0.000458413,0.00006231576,0.00003118249],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020797043,0.00009497713,0.00014293505,0.000018100822,0.00015138517,0.000024063866,0.00034818205,0.00001864433,0.0001509679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055581854,0.00006646076,0.00029987836,0.00021793549,0.00022072233,0.00004652771,0.000108315835,0.0001481806,0.000007837293],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006358213,0.00031654982,0.85325027,0.000004903067,0.000038992377,5.4543586e-10,0.0006238821,0.12852694,0.0027955153,0.008108533,0.0011221899,0.005205894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027403285,0.0000032112175,0.757554,0.000026749785,0.000020497806,5.874988e-8,0.0013717432,0.23812084,0.0011614296,0.0007624759,0.000623999,0.00008098769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014170431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015894441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.109593906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007631553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042027226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2710191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973470079","doi":"10.1086/323902","title":"Betelgeuse: Giant Convection Cells","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Supergiant; Astrophysics; Physics; Convection; Observatory; Giant star; Convection cell; Line (geometry); Astronomy; Spectral line; Stars; Meteorology; Natural convection; Geometry","score_opus":0.011908274841514245,"score_gpt":0.21020007652113423,"score_spread":0.19829180167962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973470079","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9636115,0.00009735326,0.0021753437,0.013204142,0.0005716845,0.0004336502,0.000064775224,0.000024962383,0.019816631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99708676,0.000007856849,0.00085056835,0.0000117396,0.00014408384,0.00001671613,0.000012193511,0.000008726788,0.0018613572],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916714,0.000051854102,0.00028125083,0.00016316502,0.00014301136,0.00019357014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882764,0.00014309716,0.00029152134,0.0006131535,0.000083619256,0.0000409945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016025765,0.0001159785,0.0001810217,0.0000141153905,0.00026281044,0.000022324355,0.00052745413,0.000036564037,0.00021838488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011196666,0.000074266565,0.00043967835,0.00023668725,0.00032292824,0.0000733841,0.00016395275,0.00015792316,0.000017859138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004485444,0.000101844395,0.98297733,0.000004675753,0.00016425278,2.8150468e-10,0.00020862443,0.00030653816,0.00057361805,0.00086753326,0.01384256,0.00094851846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022455644,0.000010560225,0.97802335,0.000009105327,0.00007370484,2.5767642e-7,0.000770414,0.00075889594,0.0046588117,0.00053190935,0.014855921,0.00008249722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015839207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020125299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033475302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003077677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047395297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30285028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973695698","doi":"10.1086/341709","title":"Classifications of the Host Galaxies of Supernovae","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Supernova; Physics; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Observatory; Astronomy","score_opus":0.020657907907775108,"score_gpt":0.21439227289319387,"score_spread":0.19373436498541877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973695698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811937,0.00007489336,0.00032863714,0.015664328,0.00012013765,0.0003059121,0.00041273568,0.000007779455,0.0018918703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969247,0.000003979633,0.0011200294,0.0000049287382,0.00006557801,0.000029025341,0.000011447238,0.00001420048,0.0018261105],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871814,0.00007950793,0.00056722586,0.00019181335,0.00024447995,0.0001988062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99762225,0.00015831,0.00052063033,0.0014391872,0.00021738725,0.000042223346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017931068,0.00014187045,0.00027359903,0.000021042022,0.00022582086,0.000019976522,0.0015207477,0.000057306126,0.0005188697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029229519,0.000080496975,0.00089245377,0.0004468139,0.0009870123,0.00011019528,0.0003317197,0.00021574211,0.000006179681],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017092099,0.00030738304,0.9744049,0.000008963028,0.00015173554,6.2095995e-11,0.0007217366,0.00009285165,0.0121595645,0.005571027,0.0062285154,0.00035163888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020051593,0.000008212154,0.9792515,0.00002423468,0.00006575212,5.1143108e-8,0.0018279825,0.0005711924,0.01415253,0.0003700006,0.00345551,0.000072522096],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002659852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004259552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015730994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032419513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074383366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56812596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973870420","doi":"10.1086/324411","title":"High‐Precision, Time‐resolved Linear Polarimetry of Two Bright Dwarf Novae","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Polarimetry; Cataclysmic variable star; Dwarf nova; Linear polarization; Astronomy; Orbital period; Polarization (electrochemistry); Stars; White dwarf; Optics; Scattering","score_opus":0.01164201191890494,"score_gpt":0.23141225924223946,"score_spread":0.21977024732333453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973870420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97253627,0.000018220493,0.020676438,0.0051375497,0.00011037015,0.0003313889,0.00025724567,0.000017603092,0.0009149383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810349,6.680049e-7,0.01676807,0.000014207534,0.00019640304,0.000011199907,0.0000540701,0.000019227919,0.0019012862],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855334,0.000081809616,0.0005980081,0.00024285681,0.00025935168,0.00026461508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99772304,0.0001992562,0.0005887462,0.0011543629,0.00025243833,0.00008213644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021297252,0.00017344314,0.0003429537,0.000031070933,0.00025489426,0.000020164272,0.0012073254,0.000049195765,0.00040368023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025727277,0.0001145224,0.00079195434,0.0007042424,0.00050721574,0.0001737495,0.00041027527,0.00026080216,0.000028832745],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000383649,0.0016910298,0.86253643,0.000017203405,0.0006428639,1.3208903e-9,0.00041178518,0.02010569,0.039790254,0.05280968,0.0160468,0.0059099137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011651802,0.000044465654,0.94224304,0.000044939516,0.00018095972,8.229619e-8,0.00047862472,0.011259526,0.024125578,0.010308079,0.009881294,0.00026825062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027477328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.7688563e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07970661,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045366767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011721196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4670088},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975633338","doi":"10.1086/596581","title":"MIPSGAL: A Survey of the Inner Galactic Plane at 24 and 70 μm","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":722,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Galactic plane; Physics; Ecliptic; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Spitzer Space Telescope; Stars","score_opus":0.016789035295464584,"score_gpt":0.22673629509682022,"score_spread":0.20994725980135565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975633338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903625,0.000034822002,0.0004534672,0.00780572,0.00008020797,0.00023344129,0.00030275833,0.000005237659,0.00072181475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99886876,0.0000020339808,0.00041652098,0.000013133403,0.000029361683,0.000009327898,0.00001865106,0.000006121823,0.0006360997],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910897,0.00009037378,0.00034220424,0.00013119464,0.00016943506,0.00015779646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860007,0.00011804331,0.00048519348,0.0006227415,0.00014044205,0.000033509365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024170997,0.00011622469,0.00021678192,0.000011432486,0.000305715,0.000020907186,0.00052739447,0.000028379487,0.000030243798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020757823,0.00006310491,0.00031912696,0.00025910806,0.00040022982,0.00009408839,0.0003251723,0.00015099216,0.00000231687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015641026,0.00020255166,0.97309077,0.00000940207,0.00018595847,1.1880993e-10,0.0008203663,0.00035847214,0.00097196153,0.0058537093,0.017529044,0.00096214784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022123227,0.000013949023,0.99489677,0.000011116536,0.000035280562,7.6946264e-8,0.0005593394,0.0006186713,0.0013399904,0.0009645254,0.0012781036,0.000060942835],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014123665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004879004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021806026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031277395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052906416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25733435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976610842","doi":"10.1086/649802","title":"High-Contrast Imaging and Wavefront Control with a PIAA Coronagraph: Laboratory System Validation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Coronagraph; Wavefront; Adaptive optics; Apodization; Speckle pattern; Wavefront sensor; Monochromatic color; Strehl ratio","score_opus":0.004393945783827757,"score_gpt":0.18358145159499728,"score_spread":0.17918750581116952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976610842","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9591868,0.00004907032,0.032624014,0.0069806566,0.00007243294,0.00045315482,0.00019031552,0.000019835992,0.0004237028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949137,5.0508777e-7,0.00489988,0.00001560411,0.00007092108,0.000008984911,0.000011739545,0.000010671042,0.00006796732],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910986,0.00006908867,0.00028552843,0.00019600087,0.0001469258,0.00019258383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882287,0.00006683816,0.00039928177,0.00047227068,0.00018161288,0.00005711717],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021029344,0.00014066229,0.00023018253,0.000019095387,0.000264644,0.000051398238,0.0002802518,0.000026062802,0.000006492695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005517504,0.000087034816,0.00019222198,0.0001650459,0.00030694294,0.00014619502,0.000054957483,0.00014195059,8.770381e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005740987,0.0003121328,0.82261324,0.000024942121,0.00041947787,4.879893e-9,0.00061326876,0.003836817,0.016622502,0.1490058,0.0022012212,0.0042931694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001350583,0.000039032795,0.9710833,0.00008612493,0.00019009938,5.820258e-7,0.0038256499,0.016501194,0.0051486106,0.0010295993,0.0005446481,0.0002005855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006268129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.4534563e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14847004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055882843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007120063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35491768},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977321022","doi":"10.1086/320806","title":"Photometric Monitoring of Bright Be Stars. IV. 1996–1999","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Aurora College; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Photometry (optics); Astrophysics; Stars; Variable star; Astronomy; Light curve","score_opus":0.019471249027249383,"score_gpt":0.23501119079742078,"score_spread":0.21553994177017138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977321022","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895409,0.00022697261,0.00027422883,0.0029884365,0.00025059542,0.00026192167,0.000075280615,0.000011334016,0.006370383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997429,0.00002070582,0.0015436453,0.000005163792,0.00014558856,0.000017212866,0.000013639701,0.000010990491,0.00081402634],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887943,0.00005128584,0.00040710263,0.00018831238,0.00023692803,0.0002369681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837023,0.00026978066,0.0004501523,0.00073729764,0.00012144812,0.00005111625],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002224666,0.00014235146,0.0002821223,0.00004656674,0.00020852296,0.000019120816,0.0007635444,0.000041749063,0.00013364508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029707448,0.00009439562,0.0005427189,0.0006747707,0.00034711015,0.00009225756,0.00022745378,0.00017790703,0.0000040538644],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000064997407,0.00015623539,0.9930364,0.000009779534,0.00025213714,5.4132554e-10,0.00030806664,0.00020219662,0.00021597983,0.00029875422,0.0045613153,0.0009526698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024793317,0.000011429122,0.9874895,0.000015597503,0.00008154829,1.8903624e-7,0.00089191797,0.00020225851,0.0038992004,0.00021646208,0.006862845,0.00008108774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052092783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010848792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00788818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003993978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059079386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38493416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978793537","doi":"10.1086/656481","title":"A High-Contrast Imaging Survey of<i>SIM Lite</i>Planet Search Targets","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":240,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Circumstellar habitable zone; Stars; Planet; Planetary habitability; Astronomy; Proper motion; Brown dwarf; Terrestrial planet; Telescope; Astrophysics; Exoplanet","score_opus":0.011058451115962481,"score_gpt":0.22243642280662443,"score_spread":0.21137797169066194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978793537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99144787,0.00009035605,0.00045936502,0.003920585,0.00040048806,0.0003413042,0.00073780067,0.000012836955,0.0025893992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978606,0.0000024814267,0.0016303085,0.000008345234,0.000112877104,0.000011435804,0.00016714877,0.000011952045,0.00019483057],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988037,0.000116949705,0.00039639184,0.00020637417,0.00020630352,0.00027032016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981082,0.00051721535,0.00033791142,0.00079294696,0.0001839155,0.000059787064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058796885,0.0001478879,0.00029835105,0.00002120316,0.00022032084,0.000029434766,0.0008324285,0.000040456733,0.00019986638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049212864,0.0000978578,0.00028251804,0.00023088284,0.0005972054,0.00008326051,0.00025541548,0.00034553913,0.00000779948],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009062466,0.00012871824,0.98793066,0.000009646871,0.00018726042,4.6522106e-10,0.00025501315,0.0001717889,0.0008005064,0.0010640317,0.0086968215,0.00074647745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026405207,0.000006522132,0.9946818,0.0000068384625,0.000045486508,2.0369811e-7,0.00029057314,0.0007052877,0.0024445893,0.00024116757,0.0012285887,0.00008490235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029490571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003398164,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007468233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013486161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001043641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4458112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978845426","doi":"10.1086/649787","title":"New High-Amplitude SX Phœnicis (δ Scuti?) Star in the Direction of the Galactic Anti-Center: 2MASS 06451725 + 4122158","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Camosun College","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Photometry (optics); Amplitude; Galactic Center; Instability strip; Stars; Galactic plane; Radial velocity; Absolute magnitude; Astronomy; Cepheid variable; Optics","score_opus":0.011599713110260963,"score_gpt":0.22283733651081072,"score_spread":0.21123762340054977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978845426","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9595074,0.00016066553,0.0006307415,0.033939265,0.00037438632,0.0006818633,0.000076017284,0.0000144250425,0.0046152268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99867475,0.000012692072,0.0007175087,0.000042787382,0.0001425626,0.000012708032,0.000014517292,0.000009211539,0.0003732366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851775,0.00019246005,0.0004780721,0.00023535363,0.00029673192,0.0002796585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99796116,0.00029685293,0.0005243214,0.0010946697,0.000082957806,0.000040047988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041048025,0.00018507353,0.00031159318,0.000025880414,0.0002981755,0.00004329877,0.0012171951,0.000053574924,0.00006601959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040290182,0.00009590189,0.00059816724,0.000456205,0.00028471902,0.00011780102,0.0001783789,0.00031740475,0.000004388824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011322627,0.00035760525,0.98394376,0.00000826464,0.0001678705,7.215273e-10,0.00094626896,0.00036811217,0.00026657523,0.0022755254,0.010469561,0.0011851075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004529577,0.000021033813,0.99259627,0.000027212522,0.00009931097,3.200996e-7,0.00116183,0.00020581784,0.00088944123,0.0015164602,0.0029415817,0.00008777329],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00067222596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001523443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039167367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006244283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000107484455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39107653},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979546304","doi":"10.1086/429741","title":"An Improved Infrared Passband System for Ground‐based Photometry: Realization","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Passband; Infrared; Physics; Water vapor; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Optics; Astrophysics; Meteorology; Band-pass filter; Geology; Stars","score_opus":0.012243288962709755,"score_gpt":0.2306849976430485,"score_spread":0.21844170868033874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979546304","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9112111,0.00009636099,0.069841065,0.007607877,0.0005004794,0.0021805721,0.00065761665,0.00008827498,0.007816687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99463546,5.6945953e-7,0.0045941225,0.000013302215,0.00019689779,0.00009434186,0.00012848435,0.000013562596,0.00032323936],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990826,0.000058927657,0.0003442277,0.00019521649,0.00012449424,0.00019450446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850154,0.00018426005,0.00040434216,0.0007095266,0.00015082696,0.00004949272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002459861,0.00012999352,0.00021401585,0.000024759518,0.00030566668,0.000044128916,0.000553622,0.00004766865,0.000019601073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019014444,0.00008748165,0.00038445593,0.00024542405,0.00017745393,0.00013247122,0.00006191206,0.00008943573,0.000001281777],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019474362,0.00018701132,0.9890839,0.00003509546,0.0001810425,6.4963396e-11,0.00028126859,0.0014157741,0.00071085023,0.0017749763,0.00533031,0.000980295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009412303,0.000039632912,0.9246121,0.000024468818,0.0001606268,9.817339e-8,0.0017051983,0.05892579,0.0065775695,0.00028496556,0.0065744864,0.00015385465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011497412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003770676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08342441,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073360745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007919988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35673982},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979761827","doi":"10.1086/320811","title":"Line‐Depth Ratios: Temperature Indices for Giant Stars","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Metallicity; Astrophysics; Physics; Calibration; Stars; Spectral line; Absolute magnitude; Line (geometry); Effective temperature; Giant star; Magnitude (astronomy); Astronomy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.015229127474804857,"score_gpt":0.23363669558203992,"score_spread":0.21840756810723505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979761827","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9644032,0.00020031253,0.0020246906,0.02608966,0.00035394513,0.0008955961,0.00024061358,0.000022764103,0.005769212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956563,0.000007950789,0.0025989783,0.000025957565,0.00019735844,0.000054609118,0.000055036027,0.000010871967,0.001392943],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991191,0.000041318763,0.00030605542,0.00018435108,0.00013745035,0.00021172428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987242,0.00023635777,0.00032557905,0.0005529104,0.00011767918,0.000043240063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019161937,0.00013571966,0.00021367121,0.000016182865,0.00033939717,0.00003890918,0.00060924824,0.000048787835,0.000072561685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002926559,0.00008288417,0.000485669,0.00020985054,0.0002658087,0.000094637006,0.00012735037,0.00016399617,0.000003504033],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011213601,0.000116347954,0.97579885,0.0000103235625,0.00024428635,2.647941e-10,0.00046753112,0.00048190635,0.0003566117,0.0012895027,0.02027233,0.0009510715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040651445,0.000024557527,0.9810023,0.000016686923,0.00010155872,2.1094648e-7,0.0020022818,0.0009634869,0.0018005468,0.00079781614,0.012773155,0.00011091658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006465964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005702591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03125309,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024502311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000080506026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33799186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980643153","doi":"10.1086/664065","title":"The Palomar Transient Factory Photometric Calibration","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Weizmann Institute of Science; California Institute of Technology; University of Oxford; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Magnitude (astronomy); Calibration; Photometric system; Sky; Photometry (optics); Extinction (optical mineralogy); Apparent magnitude; Transient (computer programming)","score_opus":0.015584144937114228,"score_gpt":0.21884282494240273,"score_spread":0.20325868000528852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980643153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782626,0.00054299046,0.0025636398,0.008410134,0.0006313931,0.0005618464,0.00008675209,0.000018904762,0.008921736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99891216,0.000008830193,0.00028840607,0.0000105756335,0.00015783052,0.00003121962,0.000015703254,0.000008653662,0.0005666015],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990288,0.00008992438,0.00029971538,0.000118325115,0.0001993837,0.000263829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859035,0.00039906614,0.00028286307,0.0006102828,0.00006134125,0.000056094515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031847038,0.00011849691,0.00015317085,0.000018942585,0.00049341953,0.000031716467,0.00059176754,0.000034694756,0.000078110126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002716303,0.00006164679,0.00046010278,0.00036782052,0.00036004055,0.00012568707,0.00011847174,0.00016541188,0.0000061270002],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000035703156,0.00010498015,0.9862121,0.000004287097,0.00016203555,4.1710888e-11,0.00062186125,0.00010019085,0.000092747876,0.0012075851,0.010517155,0.0009735227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013997899,0.000006157672,0.9842635,0.0000041385415,0.00006183338,7.6792524e-8,0.0010891757,0.00046456282,0.0012674241,0.00016650796,0.012471851,0.00006483664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007954293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013146014,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020649577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035416582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047633803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37950343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981256345","doi":"10.1086/430281","title":"Homogeneous Photometry. IV. On the Standard Sequence in the Globular Cluster NGC 2419","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Globular cluster; Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Homogeneous; Astronomy","score_opus":0.01778096930245669,"score_gpt":0.2371656253036656,"score_spread":0.21938465600120893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981256345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9092419,0.00012860856,0.0003595243,0.07770177,0.00013345464,0.00070898293,0.0001753437,0.0000110561205,0.011539335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99852324,0.0000074722575,0.0005914836,0.00020154749,0.00016324341,0.00005441925,0.00001245143,0.000010207,0.00043595975],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865043,0.00017941414,0.00034453633,0.00021481694,0.0003320191,0.00027875538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979145,0.0006215167,0.00027706282,0.0010808136,0.000073802235,0.00003231531],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006496282,0.00016783744,0.00021554143,0.000021332642,0.0003881426,0.00006306958,0.0014653219,0.000043403972,0.00015056382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004711699,0.000078807876,0.00043644384,0.0003906406,0.0004911493,0.00006671893,0.00022090797,0.00032179937,0.000018165196],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019815063,0.00017313704,0.9627337,0.0000057132024,0.00018935102,2.1965691e-9,0.0014321778,0.002747476,0.000066302695,0.0036779451,0.027273217,0.0016811729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055608625,0.00004457178,0.934745,0.00003230979,0.00010863722,0.0000012455164,0.003966096,0.002913934,0.0016093648,0.0015816946,0.054243438,0.00019763784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013976893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000117983645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08928129,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008979586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000079813806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3213692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981486098","doi":"10.1086/317725","title":"Interacting Winds from Massive Stars1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Astronomy; Geology; Meteorology; Physics; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.01088225254057164,"score_gpt":0.21647535632892473,"score_spread":0.20559310378835308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981486098","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.972157,0.00004279034,0.00018919601,0.0076070842,0.00017930337,0.00018680097,0.00012793254,0.0000113728465,0.019498505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99671835,0.0000026176774,0.0014878177,0.000013863508,0.00016551628,0.0000131442885,0.000035221354,0.00000911255,0.0015543463],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991449,0.00005794433,0.00029806577,0.00017879206,0.00013720703,0.00018308789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99868894,0.0003264969,0.00027420057,0.000614488,0.000057411136,0.00003843922],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010493358,0.00012157843,0.00019485896,0.000009563515,0.00024264323,0.000029890756,0.0006329291,0.000032052598,0.0014142598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017290356,0.00007845723,0.00043928676,0.00015024647,0.00025669317,0.00010110861,0.00015074952,0.00020435076,0.00002521278],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007211627,0.00008212184,0.9848232,0.0000022969004,0.00025033485,2.7984676e-10,0.00077899225,0.0006529697,0.00007731561,0.00023663364,0.009698089,0.0033908214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000213828,0.0000070884994,0.9867683,0.00001862991,0.00007487935,5.3228092e-8,0.0017736645,0.0010646903,0.0010486513,0.0008177402,0.008129587,0.000082882376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039815734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002585263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024561346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033184726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004568185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982611976","doi":"10.1086/517619","title":"Image Quality of Liquid‐Mirror Telescopes","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Physics; Optics; Zenith; Observatory; Wavelength; Image quality; Point spread function; Remote sensing; Astrophysics; Geology; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.022655448914717637,"score_gpt":0.2764488683158105,"score_spread":0.25379341940109285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982611976","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9731142,0.000014652645,0.021115813,0.0026318973,0.00007402967,0.00022836935,0.00011161066,0.0000069639814,0.0027024439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550699,4.232135e-7,0.04444374,0.0000052951796,0.00004523355,0.0000029403104,0.000008127533,0.000010765995,0.00041359756],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988593,0.00005869547,0.0005404854,0.00015659539,0.00017529978,0.00020962008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99820644,0.00017883917,0.0006416701,0.00071722246,0.00020625077,0.00004956489],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000660584,0.00011238068,0.00024432293,0.000017353672,0.00015585947,0.0000136208555,0.0005895659,0.000039042745,0.000052039348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031599622,0.00007418179,0.0006309031,0.00021544342,0.0006011516,0.000095096955,0.00026453752,0.00016285616,0.0000028811648],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009185488,0.0009488584,0.61217415,0.0000562564,0.0005334764,8.0555607e-10,0.0016183145,0.00020506562,0.2852044,0.09267503,0.0038129357,0.0026796304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034834933,0.000027691354,0.90167606,0.000031292107,0.000050506427,5.9399305e-8,0.0030734579,0.0005075679,0.09004841,0.0016983934,0.0023992676,0.00013892842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002811748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004691368,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2895019,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035124776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007617584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3025046},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983031517","doi":"10.1086/663325","title":"High-Contrast Imaging Performance of a Tunable Filter for Space-based Applications I: Laboratory Performance","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"COM DEV International; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Speckle pattern; Optics; James Webb Space Telescope; Spectral imaging; Filter (signal processing); Coronagraph; Contrast (vision); Physics; Telescope; Computer science; Laser; Computer vision; Stars","score_opus":0.008733383753116317,"score_gpt":0.17489974056557117,"score_spread":0.16616635681245484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983031517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95801944,0.00007020889,0.03904997,0.0013242388,0.00012429137,0.0006183027,0.00021529109,0.000058881917,0.0005193956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976655,0.0000061072847,0.023019057,0.000014039973,0.000028776525,0.00012659734,0.000010171001,0.000019093803,0.000121128316],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992311,0.000015346239,0.0003337024,0.00011905908,0.00010773679,0.00019305205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893016,0.0000687023,0.00016396435,0.0006165631,0.0001725356,0.000048072427],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001958815,0.00010659366,0.00016853689,0.00003852084,0.0001329496,0.000011417757,0.00057110575,0.000051439038,0.000035898513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002279195,0.00007887191,0.00022272102,0.00043565463,0.00030620908,0.00016212369,0.000060454367,0.00012905525,0.000004958732],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046192956,0.0005770452,0.8566589,0.0008948347,0.00025972436,3.7270342e-10,0.00061941147,0.076723404,0.041758016,0.009779239,0.010250452,0.0024328043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005962168,0.000027751465,0.5403831,0.000051781306,0.00007839771,1.1713965e-7,0.00024563126,0.3021349,0.15143795,0.00013264903,0.004724487,0.00018703731],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000646827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.6980242e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3162758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005398935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006464125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32163033},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983274734","doi":"10.1086/316595","title":"Homogeneous Photometry for Star Clusters and Resolved Galaxies. II. Photometric Standard Stars","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":594,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Stars; Physics; Photometric system; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Declination; Homogeneous","score_opus":0.01116374344388702,"score_gpt":0.22048509407552025,"score_spread":0.20932135063163324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983274734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938167,0.00026975854,0.00031225654,0.0023996977,0.00010697644,0.0006450235,0.00040039915,0.000014808956,0.0020343824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943638,0.00002795896,0.0039527346,0.000011667842,0.00007091313,0.000053272528,0.000031572705,0.000015972459,0.0014721447],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988541,0.000045280914,0.000357657,0.00025226097,0.00020677691,0.0002839217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863267,0.00031900904,0.00024759182,0.00062200736,0.000109651206,0.00006909587],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027936336,0.00016903572,0.0003030155,0.00005097199,0.0005100475,0.000036386475,0.00054095435,0.000048867347,0.00027910454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003036871,0.00011543005,0.0004527083,0.0005014785,0.00045939028,0.000075985896,0.00018612073,0.00014829932,0.0000020021457],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056484445,0.0001102624,0.9828703,0.00002092882,0.00035739364,5.1612264e-10,0.0005320199,0.00018579372,0.000079574274,0.00010779084,0.012374595,0.003304868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008302964,0.00007333882,0.9754995,0.000016469028,0.00014984793,3.514246e-7,0.000980771,0.0012354717,0.0016158668,0.0004056315,0.019032257,0.00016017993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010846103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024441654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0073707695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053728527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000759592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47071007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983558088","doi":"10.1086/316557","title":"Black Hole 2000: The Astrophysical Era1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Black hole (networking); Astronomy; Computer science","score_opus":0.01068807447684121,"score_gpt":0.21038271098392516,"score_spread":0.19969463650708397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983558088","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97257876,0.000010560459,0.0024013277,0.021173142,0.00007508417,0.00041134094,0.00018063758,0.00001925043,0.0031498899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916765,7.374315e-7,0.0019986157,0.00004057393,0.0002871766,0.000053497017,0.000022025268,0.000018752058,0.005902094],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986557,0.00010501022,0.00041344878,0.0002447875,0.00025880671,0.00032229786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981142,0.00014380057,0.00028324703,0.0012771577,0.00010471264,0.00007686356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013746665,0.00018358628,0.00023915383,0.000009977516,0.0004915138,0.000052981883,0.0014973829,0.000039493494,0.00072524673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000088760025,0.00009931723,0.000902609,0.00050492317,0.0011276074,0.0001650779,0.00025356046,0.00036269348,0.000081048944],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006353902,0.00310918,0.31551933,0.000031364183,0.0011782661,1.8644783e-9,0.0043050875,0.32967225,0.014536635,0.17986496,0.12367058,0.028048819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006178191,0.000044268505,0.9281253,0.000025968466,0.00016388598,3.2641953e-8,0.0019564643,0.025828585,0.002701127,0.0069607273,0.033311833,0.00026398015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000085438995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.3968895e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.612606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055790522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001434548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7940943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984231048","doi":"10.1086/653946","title":"A Four-Stokes-Parameter Spectral Line Polarimeter at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Polarimeter; Zeeman effect; Polarization (electrochemistry); Observatory; Spectral line; Stokes parameters; Polarimetry","score_opus":0.019733483914943426,"score_gpt":0.22971634927323883,"score_spread":0.2099828653582954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984231048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854981,0.00001797452,0.0027509455,0.010195551,0.00025413992,0.00034079672,0.00024945423,0.000012874443,0.00068018166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939094,6.9082336e-7,0.0042169453,0.000039431216,0.00018076153,0.00004448351,0.000018917899,0.000016428143,0.0015729121],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987712,0.000067316825,0.00042753367,0.00020147381,0.00024032508,0.00029213662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980099,0.00018852328,0.00043971636,0.0011577791,0.00014651314,0.00005756845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029721225,0.00018074234,0.00023974945,0.000015777032,0.0005743741,0.000049346916,0.0010104636,0.000052581247,0.00021623421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020859714,0.00009426362,0.0009416152,0.0002588301,0.0007359259,0.00014950299,0.00060838484,0.00048256505,0.000022036835],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022777047,0.00032842788,0.93588257,0.000013242221,0.0006867431,9.877463e-10,0.0011249617,0.00036362393,0.020368673,0.01233747,0.026714537,0.0021569536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044826808,0.000028129485,0.94691694,0.000009374012,0.00013832792,3.981623e-7,0.0008334513,0.0029526087,0.021048464,0.0035435725,0.023867644,0.00021283756],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010704152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008245626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011034337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004275556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007060601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4417679},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985702090","doi":"10.1086/322139","title":"A Theoretical Exploration of the Pulsational Stability of Subdwarf B Stars","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Subdwarf; Stars; Physics; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Radiative transfer; Asteroseismology; White dwarf","score_opus":0.021956785935411897,"score_gpt":0.22940118180861943,"score_spread":0.20744439587320754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985702090","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98304206,0.000032523836,0.0013963069,0.010424106,0.000125165,0.00039915464,0.00014314806,0.0000050658014,0.004432482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99911046,0.0000038991034,0.0006908663,0.000006689318,0.000055313365,0.00002200189,0.000021620144,0.0000066922444,0.00008248277],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877423,0.00014806967,0.00048337408,0.00015979381,0.00027666736,0.00015787529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806577,0.0003819138,0.0005229591,0.00078332156,0.00021529791,0.00003071051],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004037315,0.00011462515,0.00023557809,0.000013040305,0.00017497985,0.000010722567,0.0006755205,0.00004052758,0.0003499316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079807556,0.000064613014,0.000528818,0.00028615646,0.0012517272,0.00012420652,0.00022388886,0.00015242024,0.0000014463513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016506941,0.00021609337,0.95004493,0.000011116525,0.00013886814,9.5949186e-11,0.0007928504,0.00036956972,0.00042085818,0.046836033,0.0008926922,0.00026050783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022227516,0.000014513511,0.97755575,0.000013724081,0.00007563583,8.815458e-8,0.0018741812,0.00089044403,0.0058465768,0.013128713,0.00031962612,0.000058463876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008653827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035357948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03370732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003307676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011841613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4612041},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986373039","doi":"10.1086/420984","title":"A Search for Evolutionary Changes in the Periods of Cepheids Using Archival Data from the Harvard Observatory Plate Collection. II. V1496 Aquilae","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Cepheid variable; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Period (music); Physics; Data archive; Stars; Computer science; Database","score_opus":0.0639940408004407,"score_gpt":0.2690480219912466,"score_spread":0.20505398119080592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986373039","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9805469,0.00012257196,0.0015239157,0.015503888,0.00015379638,0.00070585974,0.0010225476,0.00000624299,0.00041429923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948694,0.000008212171,0.004617078,0.000027378532,0.0001932084,0.000045426295,0.00015054863,0.000010100123,0.0000786648],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988962,0.00013195204,0.0003067288,0.00022704434,0.00021577274,0.00022232551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978875,0.00063333794,0.00025204723,0.0011176869,0.00008508634,0.000024323133],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050121377,0.0001291708,0.00021761915,0.000016605136,0.00065647496,0.0000272194,0.0015563169,0.000034297595,0.00003380021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003378734,0.0000706389,0.0002755344,0.00029836432,0.0006079465,0.00009877395,0.00057970366,0.00022251438,0.0000013561498],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026813104,0.00019196821,0.9859353,0.000010258151,0.00026417285,6.3703814e-10,0.002971726,0.0028404694,0.00031367663,0.0010352643,0.0062314863,0.00017891165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043820433,0.000023554969,0.98443866,0.00002759459,0.000096954805,2.4254462e-7,0.0046793707,0.0053309016,0.0003878601,0.0013039348,0.0032002588,0.00007244425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014123007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050680566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01547651,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061914696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023730811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5049141},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986898013","doi":"10.1086/374199","title":"Multiperiodicity in Five Small‐Amplitude Pulsating Red Giants","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Amplitude; Physics; Astrophysics; Unison; Stars; Astronomy; Red giant; Optics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.018091473198928332,"score_gpt":0.2242200524686926,"score_spread":0.20612857926976424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986898013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98616654,0.000052533727,0.0004478761,0.003348041,0.00013301756,0.00034162382,0.000038006143,0.000008250228,0.009464121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99559706,0.000001915239,0.0038803518,0.00001002124,0.000037506914,0.000027017182,0.00001029232,0.000008107923,0.0004277444],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896353,0.00011413425,0.0003650943,0.00019947758,0.00011905976,0.00023871416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987736,0.00023961267,0.00030834816,0.0005711181,0.00006827766,0.000039060087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030662824,0.0001291371,0.00023274368,0.000018013145,0.00022799872,0.000024232586,0.00050205487,0.000040614115,0.000083324914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009814418,0.00008786472,0.00033764672,0.0002456357,0.00028656836,0.00005952675,0.0001390586,0.00021189255,0.0000038214257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032980824,0.00012465274,0.9957685,0.0000066885445,0.00009139105,4.094861e-10,0.00080131687,0.00058970286,0.00015430512,0.0010662484,0.0009925246,0.00040137753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003298886,0.000005752599,0.9943945,0.000016983575,0.00002645469,1.08653346e-7,0.0019601278,0.00060295657,0.0009913374,0.00066681794,0.00092444895,0.00008065862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003092417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011756618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009430514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044953264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006981223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35830194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988312234","doi":"10.1086/316587","title":"Direct Observation of the Fourth Star in the ζ Cancri System","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Brightness; Astronomy; Star (game theory); Orbit (dynamics); Telescope; Wavelength; Proper motion; Absolute magnitude; Optics","score_opus":0.01561908386057598,"score_gpt":0.20741873421939658,"score_spread":0.1917996503588206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988312234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783152,0.000079539604,0.000046795336,0.008800658,0.0001327876,0.00047015198,0.00009568052,0.000007298519,0.012051904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99888664,0.0000046570412,0.00032785555,0.000017634295,0.00008167814,0.00003695262,0.000011557738,0.0000071749682,0.0006258531],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890256,0.000181692,0.00037364446,0.00014812927,0.00021612298,0.0001778247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984209,0.0002915227,0.0003352617,0.0008663155,0.00006747661,0.000018534476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039527917,0.00011803977,0.00021604408,0.000010447098,0.00024657347,0.000020520905,0.0010013463,0.000032854743,0.00006503248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001857535,0.000056964956,0.0004162562,0.0003419439,0.00029132012,0.00006816125,0.00010306374,0.00016983588,0.0000032528283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000059495546,0.00008184459,0.99063367,0.000016097274,0.000113271664,2.610971e-10,0.0011677074,0.001403379,0.000035482095,0.0015190344,0.0044259764,0.0005975863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018517938,0.0000070380083,0.99133205,0.000031880983,0.00006652708,1.16442486e-7,0.0028114507,0.0011582002,0.00040538274,0.00014786268,0.0037996778,0.00005465478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010790025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026400394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020571452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050781815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007632927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23229636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989430366","doi":"10.1086/377358","title":"The<i>MOST</i>Asteroseismology Mission: Ultraprecise Photometry from Space","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":553,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Asteroseismology; Stars; Photometry (optics); Astronomy; Telescope; Exoplanet; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.012286275316544745,"score_gpt":0.2215880639148056,"score_spread":0.20930178859826085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989430366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592476,0.000517152,0.0009608031,0.01923913,0.00071542565,0.0004796393,0.0001447017,0.000018802071,0.018676743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964426,0.000012158033,0.0012666329,0.000027276872,0.000091838156,0.000016937593,0.000018214745,0.000011724728,0.0021126012],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988023,0.00015885475,0.00035435127,0.00022998395,0.00018181228,0.000272674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976964,0.00078421494,0.00038229514,0.0009801666,0.00009202242,0.00006491994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002740478,0.00016230832,0.00024045455,0.0000137553725,0.0005443375,0.00004164641,0.00084207946,0.000057018286,0.00019793975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007599569,0.00008984018,0.00045643645,0.00031566797,0.0005895754,0.000060488765,0.00016349612,0.00024264661,0.000013912085],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000074450586,0.00009952473,0.973218,0.0000025682277,0.00023811006,5.144903e-10,0.00030963175,0.000112523434,0.00034885528,0.0020619007,0.022973038,0.00062838907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003999563,0.00001368516,0.9239302,0.000013638372,0.000094015755,3.5043016e-7,0.0019601574,0.00018542922,0.00735707,0.0038753296,0.06204416,0.00012599074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001805357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016309923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.049287796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028136581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000087097564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4186659},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989524605","doi":"10.1086/605449","title":"Extreme Faint Flux Imaging with an EMCCD","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Noise (video); Flux (metallurgy); Charge-coupled device; Luminosity; Charge (physics)","score_opus":0.010154199675241986,"score_gpt":0.19537769990000584,"score_spread":0.18522350022476386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989524605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98122245,0.000059314178,0.002755545,0.013863959,0.00007841321,0.0001890151,0.000021728338,0.00011861174,0.0016909904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923981,0.0000014543149,0.007200496,0.000023789511,0.00004112603,0.000005999049,0.000006106985,0.000014669873,0.0003082699],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929744,0.000024779447,0.0002100897,0.00013467233,0.00013355367,0.0001994655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897987,0.00002695129,0.00008739286,0.0007942179,0.000058782804,0.00005278802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013075236,0.00011380643,0.00013449919,0.000018233188,0.00012039196,0.000038538474,0.0006568789,0.000026440492,0.000028253804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013190027,0.00007139378,0.00021943104,0.00023822684,0.00021512905,0.00016485361,0.00004956432,0.00016831323,0.000003424451],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040011924,0.0008819109,0.4905421,0.0000938989,0.0004852558,1.3561005e-8,0.0060534207,0.20217684,0.15127747,0.01066822,0.09376563,0.044015195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040607882,0.000026626969,0.8594467,0.000045363282,0.00006397536,0.0000031133816,0.0021657,0.11591382,0.013712646,0.0010438953,0.006926519,0.00024557137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009291177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013945208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36890456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068821646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027465754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29113537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991146829","doi":"10.1086/324416","title":"Eliminating the Coriolis Effect in Liquid Mirrors","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Rotation (mathematics); Tilt (camera); Optics; Physics; Earth's rotation; Geometry; Astronomy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.015254777173185895,"score_gpt":0.24388124224121968,"score_spread":0.22862646506803377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991146829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851719,0.000021878199,0.0015250073,0.010633009,0.00009953204,0.0003378121,0.000022781915,0.0000065604972,0.0021815286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980992,0.0000012114967,0.0013761803,0.000013229763,0.00006393876,0.000018908928,0.000005868263,0.000012023365,0.00040943976],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990343,0.000120011275,0.000316084,0.00016051729,0.00013913844,0.00022996649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986508,0.00028442589,0.00032229483,0.0006382353,0.00007177111,0.000032464486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044022987,0.0001228527,0.00018781234,0.000016801874,0.0002702164,0.000026851963,0.00067824544,0.000035551697,0.00003416804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035318302,0.000066265835,0.00045526086,0.00032515597,0.00035307638,0.000080080164,0.00027450747,0.0002552929,0.0000037715442],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030943367,0.00019691365,0.97032887,0.000008755991,0.00013782817,1.6082471e-9,0.0011611328,0.0022405041,0.0042132903,0.016336793,0.0021154368,0.003229509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062839634,0.000068879366,0.96026623,0.000076270626,0.000082879196,3.6634745e-7,0.0044823764,0.018506736,0.007844914,0.0023699629,0.0054671504,0.00020584423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024162435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006423636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016266232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053992328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049338883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2702242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994673023","doi":"10.1086/592788","title":"The Pulsating White Dwarf Stars","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":336,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"White dwarf; Physics; Instability strip; Stars; Photometry (optics); Astrophysics; Asteroseismology; Astronomy; Hertzsprung–Russell diagram; Stellar evolution; Cepheid variable","score_opus":0.015336676266872915,"score_gpt":0.2141201153526118,"score_spread":0.1987834390857389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994673023","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95970106,0.00016722482,0.0005524964,0.020898843,0.0003078705,0.0003864522,0.00006096705,0.000018335037,0.017906753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964216,0.000010152785,0.0011159751,0.000013079773,0.00013109099,0.000023964389,0.000011054846,0.0000099859635,0.0022631222],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897003,0.000075781085,0.0003413673,0.0001636332,0.00019656305,0.00025260207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983452,0.00035450878,0.00037358666,0.00078478316,0.000100944635,0.000040986077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002574535,0.0001280264,0.00017916787,0.000009290755,0.0010243899,0.000028288987,0.00085502584,0.000030155787,0.000063399835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038498587,0.000068370304,0.00048456408,0.00021756174,0.0006865692,0.00007405848,0.00026846325,0.00021311636,0.000008923513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034694426,0.00004992226,0.9756444,0.00000296489,0.00016618651,2.8921557e-10,0.0007106399,0.0003573617,0.00003787431,0.0010286528,0.02137446,0.000624063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015620863,0.0000070715982,0.9881157,0.000007106213,0.000039998416,3.1641116e-7,0.0016380512,0.00063696905,0.00031329546,0.00046769693,0.008546257,0.000071282775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010322468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031109562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036720518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030104826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008461728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78788817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994837311","doi":"10.1086/665954","title":"High-Contrast Imaging Performance of a Tunable Filter for Space-Based Applications. II. Detection and Characterization Capabilities","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"James Webb Space Telescope; Optics; Coronagraph; Adaptive optics; Physics; Wavefront; Telescope; Remote sensing; Optical telescope; Filter (signal processing); Wavefront sensor; Computer science; Exoplanet; Stars; Computer vision; Geology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.00729319628405595,"score_gpt":0.19106540344826575,"score_spread":0.1837722071642098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994837311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92062664,0.000013577051,0.07714422,0.0014987756,0.000050809438,0.00046952328,0.00013778407,0.00000497777,0.000053680196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928349,5.945628e-7,0.006771079,0.0000045404176,0.00008757727,0.00008394786,0.000030407537,0.000009747262,0.0001771531],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994117,0.000021749645,0.0002362526,0.000105920466,0.00007023528,0.00015414655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991036,0.00007168636,0.00034505356,0.00031287468,0.00013624734,0.000030510744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018551869,0.00008530671,0.00014053754,0.000017945376,0.00027279076,0.0000142386525,0.0001539725,0.000022117749,0.000010809174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000067710594,0.00006180663,0.00017683143,0.00010318013,0.0002611201,0.0001785454,0.0000779096,0.00006605016,2.866179e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002640993,0.0002939982,0.81257236,0.00008297594,0.00010275908,2.0011213e-11,0.00062709604,0.0009667537,0.16470402,0.0143373385,0.0001345653,0.0061517055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004961078,0.000025379477,0.7764098,0.000034484783,0.00009306233,9.1790305e-8,0.0010674597,0.059592523,0.15924753,0.00056297303,0.0023364255,0.00013415061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003637605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3845322e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0722083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031946558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034883586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25204012},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995488743","doi":"10.1086/345105","title":"Self‐Correlation Analysis of RV Tauri Stars and Related Objects","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Astrophysics; T Tauri star; Stars; Physics; Cepheid variable; Maxima and minima; Correlation; Fourier analysis; Fourier transform; Astronomy; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Geometry","score_opus":0.006994184079110481,"score_gpt":0.2000573811014952,"score_spread":0.19306319702238472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995488743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853025,0.00014288342,0.00048190664,0.001056081,0.00010403731,0.00023667226,0.00005094377,0.000009931603,0.012615014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976977,0.000007404521,0.0018654577,0.000002697837,0.0000109800385,0.0000073975416,0.000024625986,0.0000058166775,0.00037790654],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991326,0.00009301997,0.00034968366,0.00015838268,0.00013156791,0.0001347811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987229,0.00023031168,0.00043565076,0.00048543082,0.00009184068,0.000033835677],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024483376,0.0001033384,0.0002629418,0.000040789568,0.0001621996,0.0000121828225,0.00024698314,0.00004271173,0.00009506845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033742795,0.0000701608,0.00044529693,0.00060989254,0.00024731606,0.00006814512,0.00007937998,0.00012510558,0.0000014365793],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023191503,0.0000969564,0.9905127,0.000007206312,0.0015050821,1.5787895e-10,0.0010496824,0.002065501,0.00004646683,0.003934363,0.000659124,0.00012058756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019789698,0.000008954071,0.99168247,0.000005693384,0.0008225599,7.705557e-8,0.0013077216,0.004389073,0.00041517714,0.00064331177,0.00046500235,0.00006208951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000070082206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023059372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012395184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022391265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050881627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28610742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996383648","doi":"10.1086/677043","title":"Elemental Abundance Analyses with DAO Spectrograms. XXXV. On the Iron Abundances of B and A Stars","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Physics; Astrophysics; Abundance (ecology); Spectral line; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Metallicity; Astronomy; Chemistry; Biology; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.017284578425414573,"score_gpt":0.24378537351050172,"score_spread":0.22650079508508714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996383648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98881733,0.0000802136,0.0004081247,0.006229127,0.000036102196,0.00025376913,0.000044521425,0.0000060338953,0.004124746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99856067,0.0000068077898,0.0011465895,0.000014673824,0.000057333586,0.000017966293,0.00000979084,0.0000073330225,0.00017884602],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915123,0.000075619195,0.00024745657,0.00017287808,0.00018175092,0.00017106027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986434,0.0003215415,0.00039177554,0.00056106935,0.00005278265,0.000029431023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002273782,0.00012907354,0.00022083166,0.000012671792,0.00025513247,0.000028276747,0.000488508,0.000018570328,0.00004719461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013990208,0.00006276264,0.00023204142,0.00017370877,0.0007888558,0.000055334436,0.00011922406,0.00013470558,0.0000012634258],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015400481,0.0001153306,0.9903273,0.000010032032,0.0002523008,1.514005e-10,0.00037958115,0.0003719871,0.00020501441,0.0058571515,0.0016932883,0.0007726119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002621557,0.00007413319,0.9910447,0.000024615123,0.00011336721,1.2238742e-7,0.002397414,0.0007314003,0.002773472,0.0006523992,0.001848697,0.00007754682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019816053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011447733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0097432975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017868071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029798322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2906572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997585915","doi":"10.1086/426928","title":"Differential Rotation of the Active G5 V Star κ<sup>1</sup>Ceti: Photometry from the<i>MOST</i>Satellite","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Saint Mary's University; National Research Council Canada; University of British Columbia; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Photometry (optics); Starspot; Astrophysics; Planet; Astronomy; Stars; Differential rotation; Rotation period; Stellar rotation; Orbital inclination; Amplitude","score_opus":0.010375737152015905,"score_gpt":0.2112370854963902,"score_spread":0.2008613483443743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997585915","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98894566,0.00009825205,0.0006777938,0.0076244753,0.00018669097,0.0005537253,0.00043861795,0.000010407744,0.0014643858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987743,0.000013020738,0.0007071061,0.00002681455,0.00019507988,0.000033049826,0.00007148061,0.0000143857615,0.00016478742],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986482,0.00013356561,0.0004295974,0.00024209611,0.00030684844,0.00023969279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977881,0.0004577192,0.0005760471,0.0009953436,0.0001407293,0.000042064796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014806601,0.00019329852,0.0002860866,0.000016893799,0.0004173504,0.00003823976,0.0011212477,0.000059498183,0.00014802178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000424591,0.00010073156,0.00066795695,0.00039768967,0.00067176565,0.00010674974,0.00034377328,0.00030521117,0.000006997695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002545457,0.00024042024,0.9899156,0.000007933063,0.0005982071,4.0496956e-10,0.0030298773,0.001617462,0.0007294668,0.0010580979,0.0013618729,0.001415591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052989204,0.000013729341,0.97929823,0.000029371333,0.00018693956,7.602585e-8,0.0044633243,0.0004576346,0.01155948,0.0022172031,0.0011434745,0.000100624115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008268506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000072062157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010830013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006608505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011788631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4107714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998437573","doi":"10.1086/432025","title":"The Stars Surrounding WR 55","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Physics; Open cluster; Photometry (optics); Astrophysics; Wolf–Rayet star; Star cluster; Astronomy; Blue straggler; Cluster (spacecraft); Computer science","score_opus":0.013596381572891642,"score_gpt":0.2245962269385252,"score_spread":0.21099984536563357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998437573","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93356436,0.00029071348,0.00079077634,0.04458242,0.00040899997,0.0004307976,0.00006509997,0.000021491547,0.019845353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99606794,0.000008679585,0.0010209482,0.00001491965,0.00023070685,0.00002080913,0.0000094360485,0.000009517701,0.0026170237],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901253,0.00007153222,0.0003226507,0.0001555417,0.00018264152,0.00025508553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983618,0.00044931666,0.00031840967,0.0007491135,0.00008019822,0.00004115352],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003584265,0.00012398837,0.00016781849,0.000009936468,0.0006931064,0.00005357975,0.0008920891,0.000029770026,0.00008512468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003007478,0.00006626136,0.00047674132,0.00018901855,0.000481388,0.00009714178,0.00024593167,0.00019782284,0.000018965642],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000039085085,0.000063288535,0.96123046,0.0000028699728,0.00019123372,8.329514e-11,0.00037775715,0.0004632687,0.000053153497,0.005870543,0.02944524,0.002298289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001928417,0.0000053453564,0.9455641,0.00000851942,0.00006268248,1.2506187e-7,0.001922846,0.0011164107,0.0006104864,0.0006093995,0.049823496,0.00008373843],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010041318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007598758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062503606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005031973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000067249646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5330884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999994653","doi":"10.1086/666883","title":"Aperture Photometry Tool","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","funders":"California Institute of Technology","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Computer science; Software; Sky; Aperture (computer memory); Histogram; Point source; Image processing; Computer graphics (images); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Physics; Astrophysics; Image (mathematics); Stars","score_opus":0.012475747047853232,"score_gpt":0.22055504617681854,"score_spread":0.2080792991289653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999994653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9671384,0.00025143535,0.0006722023,0.0076538655,0.00040993895,0.00035316602,0.00009836393,0.000017567812,0.023405062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972384,0.0000022993288,0.0012767172,0.000028987593,0.00020808057,0.000020439831,0.000016603117,0.000008785577,0.0011996806],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991927,0.000045373003,0.00024476697,0.00011821254,0.00015314583,0.0002457698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873227,0.00027176144,0.00024089265,0.0006513889,0.000056938523,0.00004677053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020381778,0.00011702923,0.00018084279,0.000014109032,0.00021930384,0.000016685657,0.00057763,0.000040631556,0.00026797495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003580549,0.0000693465,0.00048796396,0.00024986386,0.00026796246,0.0001097533,0.0002212217,0.00017632326,0.000019806763],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023298114,0.00012965222,0.97564363,0.000006212432,0.00017314099,3.757505e-11,0.00032539104,0.000024327417,0.0001633937,0.0015447161,0.021525577,0.00046162982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013783546,0.0000035230619,0.9770034,0.000006415697,0.00005643609,1.3023141e-7,0.000672796,0.00013883504,0.0008929684,0.00017766937,0.020837568,0.000072442286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004667143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.3340847e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030100008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025707483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036177877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2934138},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000750617","doi":"10.1086/605654","title":"Stellar Spectropolarimetry with Retarder Waveplate and Beam Splitter Devices","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Polarimeter; Polarimetry; Data reduction; Spurious relationship; Optics; Physics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Beam splitter; Waveplate; Stokes parameters; Computer science; Scattering","score_opus":0.007551542153916589,"score_gpt":0.2028475753477799,"score_spread":0.1952960331938633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000750617","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768391,0.00020368074,0.00044810126,0.013495435,0.00005316647,0.00025462374,0.000026702659,0.0000112923235,0.008667845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968439,0.0000045509873,0.0025191777,0.000039073504,0.0000850437,0.0000030125475,0.000010775716,0.0000073624346,0.00048713095],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992005,0.0000340205,0.00022794996,0.00019410542,0.00014598384,0.0001973982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900067,0.000098595556,0.00024385157,0.0005504621,0.000062135856,0.000044305274],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013852348,0.00013956222,0.00021414617,0.000015195082,0.00023801622,0.00003618301,0.00038597838,0.0000344382,0.000069547015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000588178,0.00007906469,0.00021318975,0.00016922274,0.00034393033,0.000085621614,0.00010468695,0.00018029405,0.0000032253613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009507767,0.00006913722,0.99516517,0.000005960275,0.00020259149,6.3036154e-10,0.00023310514,0.000065143366,0.00009700748,0.00080207724,0.0028012248,0.0005490813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002399258,0.00002837907,0.99373233,0.0000127879,0.000108040374,4.8718596e-7,0.00061489973,0.0001447478,0.0017178215,0.000712973,0.0025986799,0.00008891893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007571224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016764176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020004721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017938333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035122725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32241645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003642553","doi":"10.1086/322143","title":"Modal Noise in High‐Resolution, Fiber‐fed Spectra: A Study and Simple Cure","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics; Noise (video); Modal; Spectral line; Monochromatic color; Fiber; Displacement (psychology); Amplitude; SIGNAL (programming language); Acoustics; Materials science; Computer science","score_opus":0.007196546534307966,"score_gpt":0.2481562476587077,"score_spread":0.24095970112439974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003642553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924756,0.000107813954,0.0040854067,0.0027730828,0.000016920518,0.00045155437,0.000036559253,0.000009417576,0.00004360492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887948,0.000029793699,0.010807162,0.000010395038,0.000027755881,0.000043082073,0.000014417189,0.0000098801565,0.00026269126],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992449,0.00005824521,0.00023313012,0.00022011508,0.00007893095,0.00016466346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911153,0.000014863932,0.00014631006,0.00063843303,0.00005774693,0.00003108904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016909206,0.00009729294,0.00012741465,0.00001563697,0.00010308334,0.000012289846,0.0004924016,0.00007115807,0.000010215543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004738659,0.00006999625,0.00013232282,0.00018933925,0.0003220187,0.000009926734,0.00033267366,0.00012349177,6.393753e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004315984,0.00047119719,0.70705736,0.000007167237,0.000050519408,3.323873e-9,0.0001965755,0.00068500044,0.28603137,0.00015611539,0.004694988,0.00060658104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058692537,0.00012095184,0.9218559,0.000011499696,0.000024491927,0.0000015565804,0.0008213877,0.00062709284,0.06864512,0.00078915514,0.0063785976,0.00013730259],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060292823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002940964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21738625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003891207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047818514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28543642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003820293","doi":"10.1086/427790","title":"High Proper Motion Stars. IV. Radial Velocities of 166 Luyten Half‐Second Stars","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Physics; Radial velocity; Astrophysics; Proper motion; Halo; Motion (physics); Space (punctuation); Population; Angular velocity; Galactic halo; Astronomy; Classical mechanics; Galaxy; Computer science","score_opus":0.011228336214538542,"score_gpt":0.19935808954250303,"score_spread":0.1881297533279645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003820293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98706853,0.00010227253,0.0003953167,0.007912098,0.00018187363,0.00036501727,0.00018569687,0.00001201205,0.0037771862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99491984,0.000004950234,0.0030782435,0.000012467083,0.00020617453,0.000024315044,0.00004652489,0.000012698251,0.0016947809],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885374,0.00007167452,0.00044468077,0.00019735769,0.00020385541,0.00022868117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986234,0.0001316167,0.00044124608,0.00061949954,0.00013870042,0.00004555403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022832332,0.00015702464,0.00029617592,0.000024383924,0.00021564213,0.00002382381,0.00060910487,0.000049782222,0.00048632827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018177092,0.000103485676,0.00044962807,0.00016179911,0.00055562385,0.00015491787,0.00018576301,0.0001810687,0.000009328783],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014091072,0.00019768791,0.9710219,0.00002102429,0.0003685913,2.9339436e-10,0.0011084244,0.001528049,0.00037127902,0.0026503436,0.020411346,0.0023072688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004266316,0.000020792057,0.9852446,0.000014394718,0.00009115436,1.1565836e-7,0.0014022589,0.0006512574,0.004606804,0.0003894048,0.00704975,0.00010287073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027871385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009197213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014222671,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057045738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009342675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5324953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005344583","doi":"10.1086/431347","title":"TRIDENT: An Infrared Differential Imaging Camera Optimized for the Detection of Methanated Substellar Companions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Infrared; Remote sensing; Brown dwarf; Astronomy; Trident; Physics; Astrobiology; Planet; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.014216631916616358,"score_gpt":0.2349740361749266,"score_spread":0.22075740425831025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005344583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9192722,0.00034948575,0.06832091,0.0088427635,0.00044303964,0.0013474541,0.00027639847,0.000029970673,0.0011178128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99714714,0.0000064405062,0.0023585067,0.000007461176,0.000147868,0.000048858674,0.000039290953,0.000011925986,0.00023250308],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989664,0.00009954032,0.00042029822,0.00016888313,0.00015199391,0.0001928673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981627,0.00050096243,0.00048194377,0.00065088435,0.00016440173,0.00003912986],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024594038,0.00013692898,0.00026767812,0.000023937015,0.00040307041,0.00003114118,0.0006752057,0.00003141022,0.00006853716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000309734,0.00008087417,0.00059142045,0.00020531147,0.00036020024,0.00011465335,0.0001324896,0.00015263645,0.0000010323758],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000097215365,0.00053079525,0.9637687,0.00002264016,0.00125339,2.5805505e-10,0.0020913067,0.0129245,0.004421436,0.0013448866,0.0028705338,0.010674578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013771809,0.000022651991,0.8831985,0.000014748118,0.0004983155,2.5321359e-7,0.0034615693,0.086254664,0.021792147,0.00056244526,0.0026667665,0.00015077651],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017419165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058295573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.080570236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034363627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004547186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32979527},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005852923","doi":"10.1086/677141","title":"On-Sky Speckle Nulling Demonstration at Small Angular Separation with SCExAO","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Speckle pattern; Subaru Telescope; Adaptive optics; Optics; Physics; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Sky; Exoplanet; Computer vision; Astronomy; Geology; Spectrograph; Stars","score_opus":0.011990897500168563,"score_gpt":0.2147001166913979,"score_spread":0.20270921919122933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005852923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9260154,0.0000047346293,0.06732438,0.0027427282,0.000053375057,0.00025388537,0.000025537976,0.000009692908,0.0035702635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98664516,2.3207346e-7,0.012335878,0.000011186884,0.00009516245,0.000008521295,0.000025060965,0.000013185587,0.0008656122],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991877,0.000060275688,0.00024864494,0.00019021923,0.00014541578,0.0001677633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988039,0.0001061094,0.00036048365,0.00057613605,0.00010997824,0.000043399035],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020898377,0.00012170551,0.00015576296,0.00001504468,0.00034622103,0.000035778576,0.000321631,0.000036153375,0.000034992787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011727177,0.00007676987,0.00027431073,0.00015092999,0.00025548344,0.00007664951,0.00010719481,0.00013958536,0.0000075748153],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053537155,0.00048009565,0.63335484,0.000017843558,0.0003561416,9.2056396e-10,0.0007517968,0.07173216,0.021879641,0.26413423,0.005002101,0.0022376415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001369513,0.00017554352,0.71129125,0.00014251166,0.00023432863,6.8391375e-7,0.0019272092,0.20211102,0.06131021,0.014827583,0.006096485,0.0005136798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032349166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046407035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24930663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000630982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004924511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31305847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007023244","doi":"10.1086/429307","title":"Altitude, Elevation, and Seeing","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Altitude (triangle); Elevation (ballistics); Log-normal distribution; Lapse rate; Dispersion (optics); Quartile; Ranging; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Turbulence; Scale (ratio); Meteorology; Geodesy; Optics; Geology; Mathematics; Physics; Geography; Statistics; Astronomy; Cartography; Geometry","score_opus":0.010396268265839396,"score_gpt":0.21845741819563377,"score_spread":0.20806114992979438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007023244","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97702503,0.000028223514,0.008430746,0.012053738,0.00004672644,0.00018534076,0.000032215565,0.0000075019434,0.0021904605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98649645,9.503164e-7,0.012488479,0.000012671135,0.00009787706,0.00000462946,0.000005004486,0.0000073923306,0.0008865627],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941444,0.000024868858,0.0002210853,0.00012043928,0.00009332723,0.0001258124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922025,0.0000557996,0.00022930276,0.00037501293,0.00008715932,0.000032456453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014538324,0.000077011464,0.000111225265,0.000010372274,0.00021610096,0.000023429191,0.00027432613,0.00002260204,0.00003706047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009920578,0.00005096733,0.00020293667,0.000120883065,0.00024392986,0.0001057076,0.00018531115,0.000110759276,0.0000030061103],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032397236,0.00015759045,0.8919952,0.000007271942,0.00017235368,9.481722e-11,0.00065493706,0.0032119083,0.0068137664,0.084691525,0.007119849,0.0051723854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035893192,0.000008790138,0.9313408,0.000026496464,0.000061010753,1.60289e-7,0.0014521542,0.025558712,0.0061390237,0.0032556746,0.031656474,0.00014178384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032226213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001329803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08143585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002592706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004045438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20783873},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007188810","doi":"10.1086/507077","title":"The Rotation of Arcturus and Active Longitudes on Giant Stars","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Rotation period; Rotation (mathematics); Stars; Stellar rotation; RADIUS; Giant star; Line (geometry); Astronomy; Spectral line; Geometry","score_opus":0.008494695770148686,"score_gpt":0.20795484846401455,"score_spread":0.19946015269386586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007188810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879996,0.000083711646,0.00025417496,0.006471834,0.00008164334,0.00028992502,0.00007365695,0.000004979225,0.00474045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99916965,0.000005789395,0.00043923146,0.0000040297414,0.000054993805,0.00001609008,0.0000130954095,0.0000055655746,0.00029155446],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993121,0.000051356776,0.00024209559,0.00012456629,0.00013746815,0.00013242959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987641,0.0004049678,0.00033622433,0.00039661658,0.00007937538,0.000018716479],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014577388,0.00009547771,0.00014544973,0.000010618215,0.00028787245,0.000021292093,0.00032660252,0.00002299877,0.000014411968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001782666,0.000050763203,0.00022501989,0.00011067183,0.00049205293,0.00004851211,0.0001015806,0.000112581634,0.0000011590184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001716108,0.00010031624,0.9860583,0.000006281014,0.0001765865,1.6876336e-10,0.00034127155,0.00073666644,0.00027811583,0.007240815,0.0025801463,0.0024643736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016865894,0.000016072649,0.99183923,0.000010518552,0.000046772893,5.5035787e-8,0.001210865,0.00037930475,0.0034443734,0.0021286535,0.00070923404,0.00004623311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029943485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009132421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011170025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021756465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003499497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22141114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008680742","doi":"10.1086/517621","title":"The Large Zenith Telescope: A 6 m Liquid‐Mirror Telescope","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Optical telescope; Zenith; Primary mirror; Physics; Optics; Remote sensing; Pixel; Astronomy; Reflecting telescope; Aperture (computer memory); Geology","score_opus":0.011856632472115235,"score_gpt":0.23916401168369114,"score_spread":0.2273073792115759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008680742","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.973421,0.00006645236,0.011926493,0.00880054,0.00018853205,0.00054014084,0.00012173782,0.000018072655,0.004917065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920015,0.0000019483,0.0058754534,0.000018510247,0.00011488151,0.000010625018,0.000009763435,0.00002178239,0.0019455838],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985792,0.0000663863,0.00046790828,0.00021579287,0.00023677116,0.00043394783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99797523,0.0002576394,0.00047834232,0.0010119751,0.00019727729,0.00007956214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071092934,0.00016726578,0.00021324407,0.000016828995,0.000806713,0.000060654875,0.0010312271,0.000052271094,0.000051334824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000339317,0.00009075992,0.00061193557,0.00031654187,0.0005477868,0.00010296349,0.00047113054,0.00032068475,0.000011552071],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023460387,0.002208278,0.6052695,0.000045057302,0.0017843262,8.825206e-9,0.0035520867,0.00053395674,0.0425562,0.29009336,0.041828286,0.011894333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014581165,0.00011957723,0.7683227,0.0001270739,0.00026394572,8.149622e-7,0.014067687,0.005049628,0.061779317,0.0036873873,0.14453353,0.00059020915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007886782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001267166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28640598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064200045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012538768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6204666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008784220","doi":"10.1086/605313","title":"CFHT Image Quality and the Observing Environment","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Physics; Telescope; Full width at half maximum; Zenith; Wavelength; Solar observatory; Wind speed; Optics; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Remote sensing; Wind direction; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.019484452720807652,"score_gpt":0.2397083848939903,"score_spread":0.22022393217318265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008784220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9263686,0.00005657814,0.01207435,0.058466006,0.00004931466,0.00038755412,0.00005578556,0.0000075560474,0.0025342747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921183,0.0000023326947,0.007410055,0.00003354617,0.0000561185,0.000004027773,0.000004566179,0.0000058198584,0.0003652567],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915534,0.000103894745,0.00030108984,0.00015269255,0.00013062623,0.00015634843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987644,0.00014458592,0.00033710344,0.00067933975,0.00003874608,0.00003583726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004365319,0.00010261938,0.000180279,0.0000058194973,0.00032020683,0.000039903778,0.00047175385,0.00002424651,0.000029369847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016368109,0.000054249133,0.00038664052,0.00007896633,0.0006578547,0.00008295135,0.00025631583,0.00016316015,0.0000021288079],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006165613,0.00066838803,0.4563235,0.000019439289,0.00053990044,8.8942287e-10,0.0030681668,0.0025460797,0.022933682,0.493758,0.0064925086,0.013588682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056702737,0.0000086062755,0.9700844,0.0000111897725,0.00005781761,8.3451816e-8,0.00190505,0.006397077,0.0019629393,0.017263355,0.001644619,0.00009780856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000610372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9101616e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5137609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002920593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022735285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24628045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010070956","doi":"10.1086/316618","title":"The Evolved Red Stellar Content of M32","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Asymptotic giant branch; Stars; Bulge; Galaxy; Stellar population; Astronomy; Red-giant branch; Luminosity function; Population; Local Group; Luminosity; Star formation; Globular cluster; Dwarf galaxy","score_opus":0.013919860544039337,"score_gpt":0.19893601384312376,"score_spread":0.1850161532990844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010070956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98966604,0.000044567296,0.00015447062,0.008146476,0.00009124578,0.0004340374,0.000092798306,0.0000131417755,0.0013572446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959477,0.0000058202986,0.0007983358,0.0000013177544,0.00006131422,0.0000420199,0.00002069962,0.000012488455,0.0031102935],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862874,0.00011017991,0.0006169015,0.00015504236,0.00024410052,0.00024502247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978236,0.00014968129,0.0005758575,0.0011687258,0.00022920311,0.00005291714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042067154,0.00013602873,0.00021363482,0.000014496295,0.0004532332,0.00003388847,0.0012038465,0.00004082842,0.00036207272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021289114,0.00007908751,0.0006267973,0.00030665146,0.00067505974,0.0001618308,0.00016518,0.00016830917,0.000013597278],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000101365895,0.00013915979,0.98448217,0.000006805554,0.0001633109,3.285219e-12,0.00055032753,0.0005259511,0.0006832612,0.0059812544,0.007118868,0.000338776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003014988,0.000012039037,0.9887295,0.000011723909,0.00004155335,5.673454e-8,0.0018334831,0.0022258735,0.0016665264,0.0016194407,0.0034873367,0.00007097984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011134143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002647611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008145158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008084872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012297284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39644426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010199371","doi":"10.1086/677236","title":"BRITE-Constellation: Nanosatellites for Precision Photometry of Bright Stars","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Université de Montréal; Royal Military College of Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Asteroseismology; Physics; Photometry (optics); Brightness; Starspot; Constellation; Astronomy; Telescope; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.01188956669957625,"score_gpt":0.2235740202118172,"score_spread":0.21168445351224094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010199371","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9800811,0.0001489257,0.0049002594,0.002566555,0.0002732273,0.00067084905,0.00017618989,0.000011833313,0.011171049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99475694,0.000004655868,0.0045147655,0.000006771204,0.00009649901,0.0000123367545,0.000034076915,0.000009598189,0.0005643893],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897325,0.00006506755,0.00043363674,0.00018533738,0.00017064948,0.00017205821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99783474,0.00082692807,0.0004975787,0.0006381499,0.00016600324,0.000036577792],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034681134,0.00012253787,0.00027303016,0.000026707241,0.0001946479,0.000019137036,0.00056152674,0.000045703928,0.0001035474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049725422,0.0000802198,0.00056049187,0.0002493358,0.00038101952,0.00007169848,0.00014346611,0.0000960363,0.0000024383405],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000120260565,0.00010186009,0.98681056,0.000024158966,0.00016927946,3.5491055e-11,0.00022301097,0.00039136576,0.00061398663,0.0014725068,0.006007853,0.0041733845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039981483,0.000023715673,0.961389,0.000030121628,0.000095615505,9.978867e-8,0.00035022228,0.0022236072,0.018711453,0.001981829,0.014698166,0.000096354335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053827724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.1119126e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025421567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018582563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004793669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32712686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010817441","doi":"10.1086/660843","title":"How Future Space-Based Weak-Lensing Surveys Might Obtain Photometric Redshifts Independently","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Photometric redshift; Redshift; Dark energy; Weak gravitational lensing; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Galaxy; Measure (data warehouse); Calibration; Spitzer Space Telescope","score_opus":0.015152896598633123,"score_gpt":0.19615124133570241,"score_spread":0.1809983447370693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010817441","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853966,0.000036688973,0.0048595923,0.0078547755,0.0002899455,0.00051139,0.00013617826,0.000035827077,0.00087896024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945646,0.0000010109396,0.00401924,0.0000021399355,0.0001655434,0.0000398563,0.000056931018,0.000026642168,0.0011240216],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981787,0.00032626223,0.00046556085,0.00028898165,0.00036257334,0.0003779082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99738866,0.00010636057,0.00082408945,0.0012576954,0.00031651597,0.00010665613],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009183541,0.00023392768,0.000290068,0.00011476786,0.00043794586,0.00008975615,0.0012115007,0.00009713344,0.0001938852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037718342,0.00016649174,0.00071378076,0.0012594416,0.00042322322,0.00039838103,0.00025502604,0.00033563052,0.000010190774],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000047854833,0.00022243374,0.99078065,0.000013557603,0.00012747092,2.4693766e-11,0.00067283737,0.00006279636,0.000273254,0.0037151433,0.003997207,0.00012988689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040592923,0.000014357178,0.98927623,0.000014298188,0.00005245742,1.1784442e-7,0.0028976302,0.0008778152,0.0039673396,0.0012843092,0.0010568838,0.00015265435],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002298138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009838852,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009167973,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002260386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024576293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67893356},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013714506","doi":"10.1086/421854","title":"Strategies for Imaging Faint Extended Sources in the Near‐Infrared","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Data reduction; Telescope; Field of view; Detector; Reduction (mathematics); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.013201604199876203,"score_gpt":0.2626814409212336,"score_spread":0.24947983672135737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013714506","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88681734,0.00002969154,0.082674265,0.027742637,0.000062363804,0.0009952188,0.00015213352,0.0000136302015,0.0015127334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99385935,2.402124e-7,0.005654506,0.00001448935,0.0000990909,0.00017533811,0.000015874833,0.00001155742,0.00016957271],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987957,0.00008583122,0.00031917432,0.00021754316,0.00022245447,0.00035932515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986447,0.00022186543,0.0002522629,0.00073962467,0.00009640331,0.000045128876],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003827878,0.00014503082,0.00019686914,0.000018510178,0.00039860437,0.00014640983,0.0014305301,0.000027439153,0.00003519737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020589281,0.00008101392,0.000662944,0.00032765258,0.0007845924,0.0002212177,0.00024822284,0.00031018106,0.0000031862878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000080329926,0.0019946971,0.45681104,0.00004663754,0.00040017412,3.8132035e-9,0.0082004275,0.046889734,0.0055339113,0.44124922,0.009043852,0.029749958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021398142,0.00007344939,0.7771892,0.00008542547,0.00008473933,2.4411864e-7,0.0800345,0.010335689,0.0101896385,0.11086333,0.008668298,0.0003356667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013276542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019697827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3303859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059782255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035371643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33036515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015760710","doi":"10.1086/666945","title":"The Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS): Survey Definition and Goals*","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; McGill University","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Context (archaeology); Spitzer Space Telescope; Astronomy; Galaxy formation and evolution; Quasar; Telescope; Star formation; Geography","score_opus":0.020058033634917108,"score_gpt":0.24088649787525598,"score_spread":0.22082846424033886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015760710","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99531955,0.00007254479,0.00094467134,0.0026152828,0.0001869258,0.000431553,0.00024681372,0.000013347643,0.00016932139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980749,0.0000047017575,0.00048617602,0.0000016026094,0.00009122368,0.00006257631,0.00010839197,0.000016443693,0.0011539675],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815667,0.00058125466,0.0004908474,0.00018599538,0.000233879,0.00035135166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974338,0.000602973,0.000641255,0.00092312146,0.0003035821,0.00009529459],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018530881,0.00016221926,0.00019646902,0.000019754963,0.0007257757,0.00008430431,0.0007121792,0.000048039336,0.0000913513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001541332,0.00010010687,0.0002812218,0.00039302162,0.00072342984,0.00053367007,0.00032030907,0.00023168523,0.000015758495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000876559,0.0001188263,0.9871031,0.0000048246675,0.00011688459,4.1205164e-12,0.0007584385,0.000037230828,0.00006972479,0.0019624254,0.009756505,0.00006329716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019372047,0.000007796847,0.99573916,0.0000056676963,0.000034123816,1.4763988e-7,0.0014529104,0.00088978413,0.00020442314,0.0008413537,0.0005360323,0.00009484857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010352497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003837555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009220472,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000098300334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009632603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5582154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016840938","doi":"10.1086/522635","title":"Photon Event Centroiding with UV Photon‐counting Detectors","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","field":"Medicine","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Flagging; Physics; Detector; Event (particle physics); Pixel; Photon; Centroid; Telescope; Optics; Photon counting; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.0095794162769122,"score_gpt":0.2376916791877006,"score_spread":0.2281122629107884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016840938","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914107,0.000082819664,0.0025213528,0.0048923725,0.00009718606,0.0004530759,0.000012265005,0.00002664595,0.0005036201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957,0.0000046891046,0.003679079,0.00006127568,0.000069370995,0.000012066293,0.000005747534,0.000016257693,0.0004514873],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888587,0.00003642493,0.00037965013,0.00017724218,0.00027148743,0.0002493385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855334,0.0001538476,0.00042159425,0.0006747189,0.00011485333,0.000081674174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067033863,0.00011574756,0.00020354928,0.000039379192,0.00022536087,0.00001715569,0.00037796103,0.000069583,0.000068792135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008619459,0.00006779824,0.0004318409,0.00048560702,0.00027210164,0.00008958576,0.00007510368,0.00023186543,0.0000031897537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000941607,0.00023975217,0.95659286,0.000032502332,0.00023358467,2.7155491e-9,0.0006053364,0.00032698474,0.03894282,0.00044416715,0.0015111878,0.0009766615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007230558,0.000043963628,0.8317749,0.000051270577,0.00008850774,0.0000022434258,0.0013034084,0.0016018619,0.16070092,0.00006876162,0.003559544,0.0000815531],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035570723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028440452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12481792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017407359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000111522306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2764732},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019980743","doi":"10.1086/508905","title":"The Long‐Term Behavior of the Semiregular M Supergiant Variable BC Cygni","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Supergiant; Astrophysics; Physics; Red supergiant; Conjunction (astronomy); Astronomy; Luminosity; Brightness; Supernova; Variable star; Observatory; Cepheid variable; Stars; Galaxy","score_opus":0.0075806758767400385,"score_gpt":0.2024441291014439,"score_spread":0.19486345322470386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019980743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836049,0.00023405209,0.00038928923,0.0075064623,0.00035472636,0.00062765717,0.00015087624,0.000012255912,0.007119758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961843,0.0000050071053,0.000496947,0.0000072057414,0.00014368416,0.000055755427,0.000022120788,0.000013163372,0.0030718436],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872017,0.00010307054,0.00045048358,0.00019448914,0.0002499252,0.0002818443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978674,0.0002956398,0.00044073357,0.0012291331,0.00013400387,0.000033057022],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031967903,0.00016538499,0.00024102101,0.000010142974,0.00064151565,0.00004405148,0.0012884144,0.000052449093,0.0000904933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019390465,0.00008048476,0.0006475213,0.00026901247,0.0008279556,0.00007215356,0.0003859783,0.00021614721,0.0000040808873],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043864256,0.00019103521,0.9833813,0.000007982219,0.00016529924,4.822903e-10,0.00014930786,0.0003125773,0.000485859,0.0044411668,0.010519416,0.00034169728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021540443,0.0000076863025,0.9914201,0.000017341647,0.00018437934,3.0639194e-7,0.0004304326,0.00017285923,0.0035958698,0.00076534896,0.0031081266,0.00008215013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00058828533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011461094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01257935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004072338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010821821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49340847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020082360","doi":"10.1086/420756","title":"The Elixir System: Data Characterization and Calibration at the Canada‐France‐Hawaii Telescope","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Elixir (programming language); Calibration; Telescope; Remote sensing; Data archive; Preprocessor; Computer science; Data quality; Astronomy; Geography; Physics; Service (business); Database; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010472687828204161,"score_gpt":0.19698264372346463,"score_spread":0.18650995589526048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020082360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92678255,0.0003808527,0.0030377507,0.06553223,0.000545542,0.00092724734,0.0007159926,0.000019120393,0.0020587163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986793,0.000013983541,0.00012534768,0.000023468625,0.0001388549,0.000025313966,0.00019061494,0.000008716375,0.00079440227],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905896,0.000074289,0.000302335,0.00019656376,0.00019054649,0.00017730627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821913,0.00020244038,0.00036401872,0.0011148597,0.00006513346,0.00003439616],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002652745,0.00011871884,0.00014915699,0.000005274889,0.0009838728,0.00006288294,0.00092169916,0.000027117701,0.00001283843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019256317,0.000057271733,0.00010569346,0.00015087055,0.0003846889,0.00012534941,0.0004807536,0.00013017596,0.0000015439563],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000060880348,0.00003039171,0.98627025,0.000015495178,0.00018025043,6.011238e-10,0.00028607162,0.00048251473,0.00024527917,0.0037391342,0.007492494,0.0012520247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021960337,0.0000049623445,0.97505796,0.000020960402,0.00007315315,4.8309363e-7,0.0016762032,0.0014689949,0.00063269807,0.000076374476,0.020693703,0.00007487638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013825771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022532188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.071896754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008252459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022825011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9927412},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020684220","doi":"10.1086/343222","title":"Deep<i>g</i>′<i>r</i>′<i>i</i>′<i>z</i>′ GMOS Imaging of the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Kar 50","year":2002,"lang":"he","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Dwarf galaxy; Surface brightness; Galaxy; Red-giant branch; Astronomy; Stars; Brightness; Globular cluster","score_opus":0.008965926714262579,"score_gpt":0.19148961455405378,"score_spread":0.1825236878397912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020684220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9595263,0.0011366691,0.0015389905,0.033296015,0.00096926634,0.0017116729,0.00048612748,0.000048893507,0.0012860841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994624,0.000039633294,0.0020975291,0.000018479592,0.00031249254,0.00009542535,0.00003364692,0.000073533025,0.0027052294],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953629,0.000482494,0.0017874611,0.00061212515,0.0008759771,0.00087904144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9924824,0.0002938273,0.00267909,0.0037368776,0.00061365654,0.00019409938],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008679776,0.0005872244,0.0007651182,0.00007555311,0.0011907816,0.00013822281,0.0040972102,0.0001698098,0.000603826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009688172,0.00039412122,0.0025425942,0.0013589889,0.0024362188,0.00062456954,0.0014309451,0.00079965335,0.000082220344],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000084813555,0.00057053386,0.9482529,0.000097275246,0.0004260508,9.6232085e-11,0.0029697001,0.0021248816,0.001355977,0.004647433,0.039318047,0.00022871637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007914108,0.000020563548,0.9574927,0.00014532125,0.00033614982,0.0000011891889,0.0029327348,0.023905471,0.002540728,0.0015990146,0.009887437,0.0003472481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021177632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007579732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03509775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038639765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003297744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020882172","doi":"10.1086/666496","title":"Linking the Formation of Molecular Clouds and High-Mass Stars: A Multitracer and Multiscale Study1","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Molecular cloud; Star formation; Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Milky Way; Galaxy; Astronomy; Star cluster","score_opus":0.01026358711086786,"score_gpt":0.22411285023169722,"score_spread":0.21384926312082936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020882172","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9757576,0.00010899933,0.021227028,0.002355794,0.000049458868,0.00029197973,0.000098155375,0.000004317269,0.00010669693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951173,0.0000041960225,0.004749257,0.0000057323937,0.000041716157,0.000026552312,0.000008793862,0.0000066492016,0.000039781167],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992636,0.000059066806,0.00030108663,0.000083294304,0.00014143578,0.00015150325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903286,0.00009130644,0.000389871,0.00035320368,0.000100099955,0.000032667594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025774154,0.000097245575,0.00016436218,0.000010948766,0.00026179318,0.00002329459,0.0002601206,0.00002473158,0.0000062741838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007909424,0.000054221764,0.00018966233,0.00012689635,0.00037320022,0.00022791124,0.00026111197,0.00013097964,6.2578255e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014897107,0.0003981297,0.91871184,0.00006686334,0.00047593826,2.2566043e-10,0.012072152,0.0019281886,0.014167371,0.042049926,0.0010786385,0.009036084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00084679667,0.000029571682,0.9430252,0.000047545953,0.0001812325,1.475106e-7,0.017939115,0.0148177575,0.018037213,0.0032220196,0.0016786293,0.00017479331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048188915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.83393e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038827907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015582773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016002996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22110993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023610122","doi":"10.1086/673379","title":"Haffner 16: A Young Moving Group in the Making1","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Physics; Astrophysics; Main sequence; Open cluster; Initial mass function; Luminosity function; Star cluster; Cluster (spacecraft); Luminosity; Astronomy; Star formation; Galaxy","score_opus":0.01146387990503773,"score_gpt":0.21031880779288242,"score_spread":0.1988549278878447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023610122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96111315,0.000076042714,0.0006101846,0.016639492,0.00018216246,0.0005801028,0.000020220865,0.000011002695,0.020767616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984426,0.0000018630569,0.00075332564,0.00003343678,0.000111085086,0.00007992582,0.000011526106,0.000008613168,0.000557606],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901086,0.000102952166,0.00030864644,0.00016742303,0.00017372236,0.00023637821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867857,0.0002642195,0.00026195444,0.00071546296,0.000054674576,0.000025095482],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030433276,0.00012672847,0.00018073445,0.000016814056,0.00025539642,0.00006071817,0.0009499487,0.00003429934,0.00017067224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023308536,0.00006719432,0.00038777367,0.00025099394,0.0003020938,0.0001238306,0.00023246589,0.00023225775,0.000016179412],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001324678,0.00010114773,0.9805757,0.0000051031357,0.00008451791,2.474672e-10,0.0010052152,0.00009822933,0.00004228637,0.0027462877,0.014432237,0.000907972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017279338,0.000005992974,0.99174,0.000012452498,0.000034804383,2.263667e-7,0.0039831703,0.00074439653,0.0000628096,0.0014934683,0.0016799903,0.00006993149],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009686432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001375483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037329443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038699465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029683526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27401048},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023854365","doi":"10.1086/320805","title":"The Pulsation Mode of the Cluster Cepheid V1726 Cygni","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Physics; Astrophysics; Light curve; Overtone; Ephemeris; Variable star; Instability strip; Amplitude; Fourier analysis; Astronomy; Fourier transform; Stars; Spectral line; Optics; Satellite","score_opus":0.010626641039946485,"score_gpt":0.22355016137299982,"score_spread":0.21292352033305334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023854365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9332206,0.00013542736,0.0012495191,0.04529846,0.00045382063,0.00071033,0.00009416887,0.000012983873,0.018824637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973893,0.0000130873295,0.0003353499,0.00002468752,0.00014514581,0.00002913448,0.000012729427,0.000010331787,0.002040242],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885005,0.00012054603,0.00040138088,0.00016595096,0.00023349193,0.00022857607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99791056,0.00037470803,0.0005165491,0.0010321867,0.00013405769,0.000031938172],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027949404,0.00013748862,0.00019294293,0.000009742315,0.0005687359,0.000034656096,0.0010987386,0.00004375593,0.000059330134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004201309,0.00006539969,0.00059571187,0.00026080862,0.00060796883,0.00008421557,0.00033360315,0.00020442937,0.0000056927424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000103919065,0.000090195,0.9806062,0.000004988322,0.00020300507,1.02785384e-10,0.0005525825,0.0015365893,0.00012268328,0.0021344088,0.013523971,0.0012149871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025514123,0.000008241496,0.97988135,0.0000135614055,0.0000963046,2.3187054e-7,0.0013473561,0.0030579704,0.0011476919,0.002362311,0.011754151,0.00007571311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023544181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014976483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06416864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037927035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007312791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4374314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024630750","doi":"10.1086/593377","title":"The Identification of New Stellar Groupings in the M81 Debris Field","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Red supergiant; Stars; Supergiant; Debris; Plume; Main sequence; Field (mathematics); Galaxy","score_opus":0.016129779918729686,"score_gpt":0.22139882243122794,"score_spread":0.20526904251249825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024630750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.966031,0.000295908,0.0011753864,0.028182112,0.00019130624,0.00048354286,0.0000220807,0.0000071217314,0.0036115148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99875534,0.00003227147,0.00026470976,0.000024776755,0.00009484371,0.000018457602,0.0000085582205,0.000006315206,0.0007947469],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988509,0.00010146337,0.00050597783,0.0001484646,0.00021345762,0.00017973282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99786824,0.0006789466,0.0005027105,0.00085004116,0.00007564686,0.000024439842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046065263,0.00010894011,0.00017575681,0.000014444461,0.00041405935,0.00002577198,0.0011106216,0.00003843486,0.000026365753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006978708,0.00005544339,0.00038573777,0.00029845128,0.00039485842,0.00007345451,0.0001509359,0.00019905301,0.0000042404436],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006666415,0.00009578729,0.9677389,0.000005212594,0.000102738595,5.0951404e-10,0.0020986947,0.00017875864,0.00010225308,0.0017579577,0.026827563,0.0010854381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018861936,0.000013335495,0.98734397,0.000009347943,0.00004637412,3.758433e-7,0.0027691992,0.00040666322,0.002199911,0.0013020589,0.0056611863,0.000058979633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00054450706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010199941,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03272429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002036468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000079062265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31846514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025503505","doi":"10.1086/367747","title":"A Primer on Eulerian Computational Fluid Dynamics for Astrophysics","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Eulerian path; Conservation law; Computational fluid dynamics; Euler equations; Shock wave; Code (set theory); Riemann problem; Euler's formula; Fluid mechanics","score_opus":0.00733217306239173,"score_gpt":0.19768161315557342,"score_spread":0.1903494400931817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025503505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7218382,0.0000121514995,0.27482656,0.0018473872,0.000269983,0.00038755892,0.00037975964,0.000036885034,0.00040155897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95922995,8.5525403e-7,0.04049354,0.000009553501,0.000025038542,0.00002734819,0.000072042356,0.000023773115,0.00011791696],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999225,0.000026246475,0.00029305115,0.0001361835,0.00015694216,0.00016256896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991486,0.00017190518,0.00011174637,0.00040394062,0.00012547291,0.000038353097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013433218,0.00012290532,0.00015063726,0.00001988656,0.00015724632,0.000025259302,0.00045169002,0.000049699578,0.000008426758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039057646,0.00009299244,0.0004378562,0.0002281465,0.00013520707,0.00005520286,0.00005689957,0.00012288698,0.0000022455893],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028296358,0.000072697614,0.0028457742,0.000015060877,0.00008001951,1.10830976e-10,0.000044340355,0.8699764,0.00053504953,0.12454773,0.0014500989,0.0004299704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002252578,0.00001482647,0.056977384,0.000011078938,0.00002086482,2.0917453e-7,0.000077610755,0.9353436,0.00024472174,0.0058824024,0.0011153911,0.0000866567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022303193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002209338,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23739177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016496392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006586728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37921217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026104890","doi":"10.1086/596126","title":"DAOSPEC: An Automatic Code for Measuring Equivalent Widths in High-Resolution Stellar Spectra","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":256,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Spectral line; Fortran; Code (set theory); Line (geometry); Astronomical spectroscopy; Point (geometry); Wavelength; Stellar atmosphere","score_opus":0.03200110442783579,"score_gpt":0.23504892430062618,"score_spread":0.20304781987279039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026104890","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924021,0.000072761584,0.0028949184,0.0026018159,0.00016205781,0.00056724134,0.00010374753,0.00001906792,0.00117633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934643,0.0000053892027,0.0060989195,0.0000055400333,0.0001231368,0.00004669211,0.000029965351,0.000012920166,0.00021312776],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988437,0.000071580966,0.00041398217,0.0002174728,0.00018824285,0.0002649623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998711,0.00019542761,0.00031721714,0.0006521852,0.00007572205,0.000048463673],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030376777,0.0001413968,0.00026828746,0.00002507333,0.00031631562,0.000017165907,0.00060680055,0.000040300692,0.000048242207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027272721,0.000100835976,0.00035737292,0.00018892127,0.0003088131,0.000118865966,0.00013143077,0.00014412624,0.0000030664353],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007749839,0.00021997525,0.9923897,0.000018362038,0.00010837564,7.932129e-10,0.0005996443,0.002842731,0.00011782657,0.0017227217,0.001573577,0.00039936524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048159857,0.000023199613,0.98340833,0.000021003012,0.000053827505,3.2304757e-7,0.0006288617,0.012456038,0.0012127473,0.0011523227,0.0004621786,0.00009957713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016574377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015151217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009613307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008577024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008438538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4111972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026667728","doi":"10.1086/430412","title":"Shapes of Spectral Line Bisectors for Cool Stars","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Astrophysics; Line (geometry); Physics; Spectral line; Astronomy; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.01599782076993278,"score_gpt":0.23247740102499856,"score_spread":0.21647958025506578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026667728","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98707163,0.000093388386,0.0018391634,0.008065795,0.00011276004,0.00046751753,0.00026704778,0.00001004582,0.0020726486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99435496,0.0000030134747,0.0048144814,0.000008544974,0.00019961222,0.00002015812,0.000022094304,0.0000094412935,0.00056766206],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991778,0.000026812402,0.0003462644,0.00014444832,0.0001186693,0.00018598404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888253,0.00023743015,0.00035412452,0.00039037887,0.0001006275,0.000034881774],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016069705,0.00011348058,0.00023242999,0.000016296348,0.00014577729,0.0000112573225,0.0005293043,0.000030925097,0.00012732689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002277234,0.00007331711,0.0005691861,0.00014857543,0.00031585275,0.00006343175,0.000109767774,0.000102302954,0.0000023362477],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017071437,0.00018076523,0.9821569,0.000014897479,0.00029024176,4.6970445e-11,0.00048411725,0.001974953,0.00043727513,0.0019256631,0.011520023,0.0009981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039202778,0.000028776549,0.98223424,0.000012266997,0.00010720976,5.58499e-8,0.0009144632,0.0030579176,0.0071462714,0.00046097278,0.005560355,0.000085445616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000737872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005294469,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00805725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026412119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006148885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2989785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027712395","doi":"10.1086/375389","title":"The Metallicity of the Red Giant Branch in the Disk of NGC 6822","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Red-giant branch; Metallicity; Globular cluster; RGB color model; Local Group; Stars; Galaxy; Adaptive optics","score_opus":0.01243934215551732,"score_gpt":0.2152794725299088,"score_spread":0.2028401303743915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027712395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9572105,0.0003971463,0.000457686,0.025744677,0.0002593145,0.0008731065,0.00011564268,0.000006053206,0.01493588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991696,0.000016006372,0.00029447692,0.000015336951,0.000039896142,0.00003410006,0.00000451323,0.000008199857,0.00041788025],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984588,0.00033857016,0.000529966,0.00016924294,0.00026941576,0.00023400022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972424,0.00075729116,0.00061751535,0.0012560675,0.00010276548,0.000023992652],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00086049095,0.00014800894,0.00029251305,0.000012240874,0.0003822153,0.000023817072,0.0014531903,0.000041090116,0.000043776796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000118171054,0.00006235625,0.0007229521,0.0004015675,0.0008764337,0.000057470384,0.00021060994,0.00026996274,0.0000014823819],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008913733,0.00022034833,0.9818176,0.000011412765,0.00029858644,2.980784e-10,0.00120971,0.00048623644,0.000295741,0.009834102,0.0052055283,0.0006118088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027376192,0.00001107669,0.9848074,0.000017406855,0.000109809414,2.2147472e-7,0.0024612807,0.00027042965,0.0024289272,0.004466918,0.005086458,0.00006631887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002646821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025146133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041959096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025733501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009012675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32292566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027860540","doi":"10.1086/666748","title":"Observations, Analysis, and Spectroscopic Classification of HO Piscium: A Bright Shallow-Contact Binary with G- and M-Type Components","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Contact binary; Binary number; Astrophysics; Physics; Type (biology); Mass ratio; Stellar classification; Spectral line; Binary system; Light curve; Contact system; Binary star; Astronomy; Geology; Mathematics; Stars","score_opus":0.0251687591530341,"score_gpt":0.23017953017839923,"score_spread":0.20501077102536513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027860540","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963623,0.00019694479,0.00042217126,0.0022135589,0.000045630415,0.00020977083,0.000033786833,0.0000049942814,0.00051078654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978912,0.000011829526,0.0018458235,0.000004669538,0.00003898184,0.0000097376205,0.000050132305,0.0000058205705,0.00014184305],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927056,0.00005536268,0.00025607055,0.00014315522,0.00012473251,0.00015014375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989574,0.00012980119,0.00036093005,0.00042183913,0.00008276459,0.000047244597],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016217111,0.00010840965,0.00024428917,0.000031715164,0.00017595507,0.000016005406,0.000234163,0.000028655979,0.000026785401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008027001,0.00006663242,0.0001532431,0.00036888575,0.0003003331,0.00013232637,0.00010971757,0.000098667566,7.082039e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000140067805,0.00013541381,0.99502164,0.000012903683,0.0006205279,1.1877907e-10,0.00030449728,0.00002136365,0.0013178032,0.0021463728,0.0003262525,0.00007922836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002274358,0.000017179278,0.9974173,0.000012246395,0.000401022,1.0035499e-7,0.0003859556,0.00067579997,0.0004957246,0.00012097597,0.00018475835,0.00006152747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019382739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005410098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023956443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018853863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033565386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2717191},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W2027981808","doi":"10.1086/375521","title":"The Radial Velocity Precision of Fiber‐fed Spectrographs","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Radial velocity; Error analysis; Doppler effect; Spectrum analysis","score_opus":0.010552708923660573,"score_gpt":0.21619102954446118,"score_spread":0.20563832062080062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027981808","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9631442,0.00034926017,0.0006419528,0.005873196,0.00040429772,0.00063344784,0.00008274458,0.00001404191,0.028856877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971989,0.00001085859,0.0019268112,0.0000036451186,0.00006702872,0.00001774171,0.000007866614,0.000008104138,0.0007590798],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988917,0.00013442471,0.00038309547,0.0001652744,0.0002035888,0.0002219083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99807346,0.0005516387,0.00043699652,0.00079146714,0.00010653007,0.00003988025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041799768,0.00012739934,0.00022138742,0.000013668666,0.00043120908,0.000025800126,0.00072531746,0.000038911574,0.0001240705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006863702,0.00006947812,0.0006533077,0.0002846889,0.0006385981,0.000054000302,0.00013911947,0.00018180016,0.0000053934696],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001401511,0.00013113079,0.97808146,0.000005024198,0.00028367765,1.4273895e-10,0.00030725411,0.00014236048,0.00008120004,0.0071489955,0.011607268,0.0021976293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032220993,0.000022976796,0.971349,0.000010246708,0.000087087676,1.5393717e-7,0.0008282961,0.00020374973,0.0036666451,0.004013285,0.0194139,0.00008242975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000077264325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024309884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03405468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025502071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008482434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33165553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028146452","doi":"10.1086/664444","title":"Astronomical Sky Quality Near Eureka, in the Canadian High Arctic","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Sky brightness; Arctic; Brightness; Night sky; Photometry (optics)","score_opus":0.023224811946822597,"score_gpt":0.2526855592132621,"score_spread":0.22946074726643947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028146452","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9433065,0.000019528934,0.000028035902,0.055078305,0.000111872396,0.00040201144,0.000047251247,0.000005231817,0.0010012706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974223,0.0000017883618,0.0019889856,0.00017333627,0.00006116819,0.000029404473,0.000012158432,0.000010766657,0.0003001372],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981459,0.00029326617,0.00043014192,0.00018286367,0.00033296412,0.00061485864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835527,0.00015424179,0.0002862623,0.0009845616,0.000007428579,0.00021222938],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017279328,0.00013852009,0.00018876074,0.00001556487,0.0004906718,0.00004054041,0.0013951568,0.00009347047,0.000954381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008115105,0.00007979807,0.00031543226,0.00028734127,0.0010640459,0.00024284798,0.00028691726,0.00038112624,0.000108217326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034539046,0.00016636087,0.99306446,0.0000042536226,0.000012245968,2.794515e-10,0.0009877078,0.00048209206,0.000117204865,0.001204658,0.0038204186,0.00013713789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016245333,0.000010677016,0.983994,0.0000046050004,0.00001508436,2.7380253e-7,0.00053764123,0.00014227872,0.00010404595,0.00020084264,0.014749415,0.000078658966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.057607137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0093528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.054904968,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086867926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000120668454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999589},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029885492","doi":"10.1086/671781","title":"Merging Recent and Historic Spectra of ϵ Aurigae: Properties of the System’s Components, and Discovery of a Mass Transfer Stream","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Photosphere; Spectral line; Radial velocity; Astronomy; Supergiant; Eclipse; Cepheid variable; Stellar classification; Stars","score_opus":0.013216213187868746,"score_gpt":0.1786469689751106,"score_spread":0.16543075578724184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029885492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99506813,0.00043701558,0.00021411471,0.002717224,0.00009214283,0.00040956758,0.000063159074,0.0000032712333,0.0009953497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994294,0.00003145624,0.0003280536,0.0000013575019,0.000024145054,0.000017565306,0.0000036907304,0.0000066770485,0.00015765973],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991489,0.000070139315,0.00038048645,0.00013050475,0.00014809346,0.00012186191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906874,0.00009061826,0.000295632,0.0004296678,0.00009172951,0.000023595027],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013192957,0.00011078574,0.0002948935,0.00001490904,0.0001239532,0.000012585696,0.00033786788,0.000026156265,0.000014885901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009097084,0.000058838054,0.00022975348,0.00012113166,0.00057418324,0.00009493088,0.00011317686,0.000096582124,2.0867311e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011386437,0.000121749836,0.98081887,0.00015671355,0.00032303878,1.326221e-10,0.0011388276,0.0000761825,0.0144168,0.0022792327,0.00042324854,0.00023397224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002996884,0.000019179512,0.97112715,0.000108989865,0.00015793949,1.7721563e-7,0.003639804,0.0005991916,0.023542613,0.00018288677,0.0002518999,0.0000705058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000621329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019880988,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009691724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028728447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042452175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23993461},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029929801","doi":"10.1086/651069","title":"Multiband Photometry of V725 Sagittarii1","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Physics; Supergiant; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Variable star; Telescope; Giant star; Stars","score_opus":0.009743971963789008,"score_gpt":0.22109676222408903,"score_spread":0.21135279026030002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029929801","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865914,0.000034559373,0.00025399125,0.0025693337,0.00029030195,0.0002403662,0.00009039788,0.000007898917,0.009921726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99676687,0.0000016775949,0.00244317,0.000006438751,0.00009716687,0.000012640712,0.000014021525,0.000008554824,0.0006494422],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912935,0.000033685395,0.00034022704,0.0001582295,0.00016291073,0.00017556609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983893,0.00025365513,0.0004032158,0.0007915845,0.00011923767,0.000043027358],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021311214,0.00011912454,0.00023794048,0.00002219181,0.00016870425,0.000014544934,0.0007281867,0.000049442933,0.0002359597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041761155,0.00007533727,0.0004989105,0.00025612634,0.000574631,0.000064342676,0.00022127207,0.00026615208,0.0000050588906],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004370523,0.00016884576,0.9897489,0.000010165433,0.00019639278,1.0361304e-10,0.00030847217,0.000057999176,0.0025236935,0.0009796452,0.0053608106,0.0006406799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002567511,0.0000087698945,0.9826295,0.000007935313,0.000065322914,1.0548317e-7,0.0005487461,0.00035863163,0.012208155,0.00046391774,0.003382969,0.00006924604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025644441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053861586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010175462,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000112511825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000648202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3072165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030170167","doi":"10.1086/426043","title":"High‐Precision Optical Interferometry and Application to Be Stars","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Interferometry; Calibration; Physics; Stars; Binary number; Baseline (sea); Line (geometry); Optics; Star (game theory); Binary star; Astrophysics; Remote sensing; Computer science; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.010368506244422185,"score_gpt":0.25279192651768667,"score_spread":0.2424234202732645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030170167","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8118529,0.0000047884428,0.1704402,0.017007953,0.00004031397,0.00039516023,0.00008526048,0.000008823596,0.00016465173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98231524,3.9630027e-7,0.017333856,0.000016121056,0.000080649756,0.000070340306,0.000014027276,0.000011992195,0.0001573868],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988412,0.000040929477,0.00033178995,0.00027546886,0.00024869596,0.00026191396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987024,0.00012935503,0.00017265521,0.0007476225,0.00010758163,0.00014039665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021715362,0.00013612895,0.0002125819,0.0000330142,0.00021709199,0.000041517225,0.0008431667,0.000041721396,0.000042520845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029672974,0.00008989387,0.00032711215,0.00044023295,0.0004731419,0.00012814697,0.0006849951,0.00027407295,0.000010694152],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001371946,0.002118748,0.42636395,0.00003498384,0.00057443517,1.7319486e-9,0.0014818927,0.023828443,0.1049487,0.28561956,0.0056407955,0.14925131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096696045,0.00012873753,0.8548674,0.000056547367,0.00006601284,1.5522494e-7,0.0024513504,0.0010792981,0.1293796,0.008251882,0.0025025962,0.00024943467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010677639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011162676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42850348,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007676791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010011866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36657655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031026826","doi":"10.1086/510196","title":"Red Supergiants in the Disk of M81: Tracing the Spatial Distribution of Star Formation 25 Myr in the Past1","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Red supergiant; myr; Astrophysics; Physics; Galaxy; Brightness; Star formation; Astronomy; Stars; Spiral galaxy; Supergiant; Chemistry","score_opus":0.009958244463758825,"score_gpt":0.2058576847147782,"score_spread":0.19589944025101938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031026826","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842594,0.0000548183,0.0014207874,0.012336831,0.000060048114,0.0005170991,0.000217229,0.0000029231924,0.0011308631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99960446,0.0000052182622,0.00011607053,0.0000074023214,0.000074191164,0.00003700406,0.00012828167,0.000004750879,0.000022604847],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986447,0.00025021486,0.0005467104,0.000120382596,0.00024999396,0.00018798454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983569,0.00048047115,0.00045933106,0.0006196497,0.00007326559,0.000010406318],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076006417,0.00011794434,0.00020797295,0.000016807142,0.00020740274,0.000023498644,0.00082619995,0.000037805967,0.000015351432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038393813,0.00005456384,0.0003180196,0.0003374679,0.00037003192,0.0001255404,0.00009604948,0.00021555048,7.3880176e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014785242,0.00025226962,0.9886583,0.000016210644,0.000052003783,7.433374e-10,0.003044467,0.0018988155,0.00013425844,0.002212428,0.0029647544,0.0007517122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003046332,0.000014735361,0.98633057,0.000022025344,0.000050428866,1.7446851e-7,0.008053163,0.0030444819,0.0005721509,0.0011334815,0.00042381173,0.000050320596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001648286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000113121576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015345075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003857332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040584644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24917263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031984110","doi":"10.1086/679227","title":"Evaluation of the Sky Brightness at Two Argentinian Astronomical Sites","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Sky brightness; Light pollution; Brightness; Night sky; Radiance; Cherenkov radiation; Remote sensing; Telescope; Physics; Environmental science; Astronomy; Meteorology; Optics; Geology; Detector","score_opus":0.02514902821885056,"score_gpt":0.2588590618927152,"score_spread":0.23371003367386461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031984110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98408204,0.000014470805,0.00016799252,0.013279693,0.00013652432,0.0005173374,0.000030768344,0.00000828484,0.0017628719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978138,0.0000013859493,0.0012150748,0.000029585182,0.000051286035,0.000025379966,0.000007812079,0.000012992448,0.0008426369],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99780285,0.0003939381,0.0004886125,0.00025168262,0.0007359085,0.000327024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978845,0.00012252801,0.000666212,0.001198133,0.000034443507,0.00009418744],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021971588,0.00014604772,0.00021709947,0.000012671691,0.00039865047,0.000016205197,0.001341124,0.000069389695,0.0012381736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013190498,0.00008224652,0.00053221127,0.00022898657,0.0011306836,0.00014773033,0.0008359846,0.00017985799,0.000055130535],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000060068865,0.00017673835,0.9778181,0.0000054981488,0.000036309593,3.6247137e-11,0.00029551508,0.004753685,0.0127,0.0003389928,0.0032210443,0.0006481411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042433676,0.000015107626,0.9721514,0.000009385452,0.000100176476,1.781912e-7,0.00010463316,0.008030982,0.014240908,0.00045779895,0.0043874923,0.000077606266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000086371074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037432932,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01373179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050202967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000067422676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99967486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032351235","doi":"10.1086/672001","title":"Kuiper Belt Occultation Predictions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; University of Calgary; University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Astrometry; Occultation; Ephemeris; Physics; Astronomy; Offset (computer science); Object (grammar); Stars; Position (finance); Strengths and weaknesses; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Satellite","score_opus":0.0076079784937647995,"score_gpt":0.19353086562288835,"score_spread":0.18592288712912355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032351235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809937,0.000009297278,0.006340052,0.0093634995,0.00014063045,0.0003742095,0.00017337021,0.000014244164,0.0025910255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946264,3.0200744e-7,0.0034870694,0.00001122974,0.0000683468,0.00004152334,0.00004469611,0.000004558719,0.0017158603],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924684,0.000043874217,0.0002497608,0.00014309271,0.00015145849,0.00016499728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989976,0.00007728165,0.0002374973,0.00052941404,0.00010645104,0.0000517486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012208779,0.000085027146,0.0001046066,0.000012880038,0.00027635775,0.00003365444,0.0007073332,0.000027856646,0.0004977949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010817008,0.00005185462,0.00031138476,0.00027409848,0.00034327435,0.00025284913,0.00012705714,0.00014345045,0.000034137756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[8.740261e-7,0.00008925472,0.95705646,0.0000029513003,0.000055599034,3.9412546e-11,0.00033235352,0.0038881816,0.002571577,0.0024678835,0.032483287,0.0010515649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000099187884,0.0000069519037,0.98570144,0.0000062730114,0.00002154321,8.760385e-8,0.0010866933,0.009350906,0.0006677207,0.00066513126,0.002342387,0.00005168274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038325464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014527891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0301409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018425832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006984857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5450505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032886033","doi":"10.1086/668409","title":"Testing General Relativity in the Strong-Field Regime with Observations of Black Holes in the Electromagnetic Spectrum","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"General relativity; Tests of general relativity; Supermassive black hole; Binary black hole; Black hole (networking); Kerr metric; Numerical relativity; Theory of relativity","score_opus":0.02714269055220816,"score_gpt":0.22623549768550746,"score_spread":0.1990928071332993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032886033","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97793955,0.000015130666,0.0018446766,0.018631196,0.000021643818,0.0004727358,0.00003456691,0.0000051775132,0.0010353293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958118,2.9349593e-7,0.0038283062,0.000031588424,0.0001151272,0.00007048249,0.00001303605,0.0000101891765,0.00011914888],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865615,0.00022681536,0.00040483684,0.00015369014,0.00023144651,0.00032708427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979906,0.000645482,0.00041648716,0.00085428765,0.00006288027,0.00003022794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048054158,0.00014294167,0.00020687415,0.000023612694,0.00019664314,0.00002734163,0.0010777448,0.00003592554,0.0000140312395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052230585,0.00007211673,0.00025188504,0.0009397131,0.000607288,0.0002300874,0.00013351189,0.00041300757,0.0000014524481],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000054473594,0.00047738373,0.9093469,0.000006267737,0.0000376979,5.0511895e-10,0.0015867328,0.005322133,0.0025289021,0.0798886,0.000675046,0.00012489711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002242765,0.00005281739,0.9897291,0.00001982713,0.000042728596,6.119665e-8,0.0028646418,0.0024903163,0.00060040364,0.0037733698,0.0001283137,0.00007415648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000277068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014165106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08038219,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004179557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000097833814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2940835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035041015","doi":"10.1086/652424","title":"Pencil-Beam Surveys for Trans-Neptunian Objects: Novel Methods for Optimization and Characterization","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Parameterized complexity; Pixel; Set (abstract data type); Sky; Software; Background subtraction; Probabilistic logic; Range (aeronautics); Minor (academic)","score_opus":0.017145038160384037,"score_gpt":0.25963079171429754,"score_spread":0.2424857535539135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035041015","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18826665,0.000002645748,0.8074817,0.0026923986,0.00014830525,0.0006307858,0.00070347736,0.0000068928794,0.00006716534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7741671,3.9547191e-7,0.22526729,0.0000060207285,0.000059962495,0.000061944964,0.00022009715,0.000007124675,0.00021003849],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927235,0.00006115137,0.00025210337,0.00018485823,0.00006856357,0.0001609506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988798,0.0002808533,0.0002812924,0.00037844485,0.00013068,0.000048957387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009237418,0.000098665296,0.0001492846,0.000015909432,0.00028463968,0.000037109585,0.00048387944,0.00004628907,0.000040238545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003504213,0.000068313806,0.00024805398,0.00016434709,0.00025603102,0.00018453994,0.00005332586,0.00011362939,1.8668327e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000221146,0.00037303712,0.41274643,0.000054381384,0.00019409017,4.2578895e-11,0.0016070366,0.015858637,0.5397356,0.0085900035,0.0005992667,0.020219391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000665831,0.0000373246,0.74469155,0.00001024485,0.00007824813,1.61059e-7,0.0006638414,0.23283759,0.014172181,0.00037627184,0.0063028615,0.00016387405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029700093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024797403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5859005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008453651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008567296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27857563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035118519","doi":"10.1086/316520","title":"Photometric Recovery of Crowded Stellar Fields Observed with<i>HST</i>/WFPC2 and the Effects of Confusion Noise on the Extragalactic Distance Scale","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Photometry (optics); Physics; Astrophysics; Sky; Astronomy; Confusion; Stars; Hubble space telescope; Advanced Camera for Surveys; Limiting magnitude","score_opus":0.008312745837262043,"score_gpt":0.1869157268971855,"score_spread":0.17860298105992345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035118519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99066204,0.00026025577,0.00020648644,0.0044298284,0.00007084422,0.0006568839,0.000038283073,0.000005209759,0.0036701984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989549,0.00006108655,0.00023182006,0.000029996645,0.00003506123,0.000034030447,0.000005919165,0.000009636959,0.00063757395],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888855,0.0001731333,0.00035641587,0.00018366742,0.00022740824,0.00017080265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99653846,0.0020905153,0.00045364207,0.00079362036,0.00009140346,0.000032349166],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035434216,0.00015401022,0.0003339775,0.000020213804,0.00024890676,0.000023396302,0.00058649195,0.00004564877,0.00009543349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005868535,0.000070833514,0.00036328225,0.00041166952,0.00092244154,0.0000623458,0.00010334826,0.00021322616,0.000001439331],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022407442,0.00026816523,0.9917004,0.00007837344,0.0003927581,1.5845871e-9,0.0009917648,0.0004114014,0.00038354078,0.0007554187,0.002626051,0.0021680344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001051135,0.00007862296,0.9875826,0.000086931606,0.00020005798,2.3715371e-7,0.0006921817,0.0005459613,0.008427553,0.00050917437,0.0007328601,0.00009266669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019855743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037421844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008292865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017383984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045413086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33987743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036156161","doi":"10.1086/319337","title":"A Low‐Resolution Multislit Spectrograph for 20–30 Meter Telescopes","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrograph; Field of view; Telescope; Optics; Physics; Metre; Spectral resolution; Focal length; Cover (algebra); Remote sensing; Astronomy; Spectral line; Geology","score_opus":0.014876671964603197,"score_gpt":0.2582754193778176,"score_spread":0.24339874741321443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036156161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77214336,0.000032662014,0.21615593,0.009009224,0.00011340688,0.001187735,0.00037643276,0.000024643148,0.0009565764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841102,0.0000011576843,0.014199519,0.000006218931,0.00022234063,0.00018286884,0.00003378012,0.000017379982,0.0012265347],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985821,0.00007724557,0.00039358536,0.00028155468,0.00022588973,0.00043958088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842876,0.00019680426,0.00031739086,0.00079961016,0.00016400305,0.00009343505],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025099664,0.00017204008,0.00025798174,0.000030564053,0.00035354635,0.000049347593,0.0010412171,0.000046987545,0.00023931947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023634677,0.000112582304,0.00115313,0.0003852676,0.00058103574,0.00016455594,0.00030509313,0.00025727402,0.000013691615],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013242032,0.0024060828,0.82764155,0.00004294225,0.001063252,1.7298535e-9,0.00049935334,0.004066964,0.028151633,0.03295501,0.03074031,0.07230051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003509472,0.00026961416,0.7214144,0.0001613926,0.00034399476,4.3526197e-7,0.004242734,0.028308786,0.14773248,0.010525784,0.08272514,0.0007657621],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005930074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012951165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21196681,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056765297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011779314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4590973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037260551","doi":"10.1086/505990","title":"The Strehl Efficiency of Adaptive Optics Systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Strehl ratio; Adaptive optics; Physics; Optics; Wavefront; Deformable mirror; Curvature; Compensation (psychology); Stars; Computer science; Mathematics; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.010351976834666802,"score_gpt":0.20688563739316104,"score_spread":0.19653366055849425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037260551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9627213,0.00014837908,0.02553695,0.0034235714,0.00028238574,0.00060815434,0.00023224861,0.000011331218,0.0070356936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962206,0.0000011723696,0.0024804384,0.0000011697834,0.000107629334,0.000010329829,0.0000071926884,0.000011961673,0.0011595075],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988527,0.00007490583,0.00047651562,0.0001567686,0.00021362011,0.00022546994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980335,0.00025149542,0.0006740296,0.0007732404,0.00023696068,0.00003074065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029538496,0.00012710478,0.00020989713,0.000012813269,0.00039314947,0.00003880186,0.0007689917,0.000038498933,0.0000057778952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013738775,0.00006976433,0.00051030907,0.00024491234,0.000743631,0.00006221082,0.00024844415,0.00016933092,0.0000017486386],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017664674,0.0005757748,0.19696644,0.000018937255,0.00037149867,7.138245e-10,0.00040201846,0.06228546,0.004852238,0.7258699,0.007861931,0.0007781076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013268014,0.00013614242,0.5924462,0.00019245342,0.00040774152,6.11903e-7,0.024912514,0.32899243,0.02329935,0.018368898,0.009310966,0.0006058627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026997068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002017989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70750105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043423428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001027158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30238277},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037290821","doi":"10.1086/341704","title":"Faint Star Counts in the Near‐Infrared","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Galaxy; Star (game theory); Population; Limit (mathematics); Stellar population; Star count","score_opus":0.012046148355921478,"score_gpt":0.19892017212187524,"score_spread":0.18687402376595377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037290821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871044,0.00002258538,0.00011920141,0.008279057,0.00007685379,0.0002734266,0.00006317203,0.000009073594,0.004052243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976606,0.0000011519561,0.0008176274,0.0000044906046,0.000046966106,0.000034524815,0.000012778961,0.0000068373456,0.001415068],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924546,0.000070612834,0.00025362518,0.00010165054,0.0001660206,0.00016263755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894816,0.00006409569,0.00022181064,0.0006764278,0.00006626716,0.000023270966],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025532467,0.000083750514,0.000105678,0.000013323643,0.0002106676,0.000042424657,0.0008119502,0.00002731988,0.0006135795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013719561,0.00004991744,0.00024932527,0.0002855707,0.00029021653,0.0001296781,0.00010756596,0.00016317442,0.000052338517],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.247438e-7,0.000107965854,0.9427614,0.0000035613255,0.000026976966,8.720676e-12,0.0016166043,0.00019157631,0.000019392364,0.007698274,0.047498457,0.00007505564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013638558,0.000004213889,0.97838396,0.0000049583355,0.000011080498,5.51241e-8,0.0015439171,0.0074951225,0.00003269331,0.0020406323,0.010298564,0.0000484221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004169316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011331394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037199892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006842164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004427277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6718266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038120441","doi":"10.1086/316577","title":"Another Search for Maia Variable Stars","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Aurora College; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Variable star; Photometry (optics); Astrophysics; Physics; Autocorrelation; Cepheid variable; Light curve; Astronomy; Amplitude; Epoch (astronomy); Mathematics; Statistics; Optics","score_opus":0.015227720197607462,"score_gpt":0.2257653960963554,"score_spread":0.21053767589874794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038120441","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91055167,0.00011019303,0.0051715123,0.016289284,0.00023807747,0.0011486344,0.00045477308,0.000026925709,0.066008955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987251,0.0000025504244,0.005468016,0.000020378546,0.00010897629,0.00004025836,0.000022968532,0.000011900545,0.00707396],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992133,0.000042147076,0.00023341904,0.00016149585,0.00012414472,0.00022550048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898905,0.00020767447,0.00011839328,0.00057978666,0.000075011645,0.00003009955],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022089732,0.00010286151,0.00017219115,0.000009665385,0.0002647528,0.000023844934,0.00057860935,0.000032471155,0.0010143633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000065102395,0.00006593283,0.00037168164,0.00017223107,0.00026599638,0.00006120048,0.00008590875,0.0001136016,0.000012171013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012044919,0.000114546776,0.96275294,0.000009631288,0.00021578372,5.5083674e-11,0.00029524352,0.0012350666,0.00010854088,0.003090569,0.030533466,0.0016321564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042633986,0.000017573719,0.9421502,0.000012035875,0.0000810921,8.559737e-8,0.0006237663,0.0016347208,0.0015591908,0.0014070957,0.05198366,0.00010427626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015659929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.917592e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07669935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024178342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007370195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039232902","doi":"10.1086/657607","title":"Results from the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Supernova; Sky; Dark energy; Galaxy; Physics; Astrophysics; Redshift; Photometric redshift; Estimator; Photometry (optics); Statistics; Cosmology; Stars; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02383199629520189,"score_gpt":0.23636317185414943,"score_spread":0.21253117555894754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039232902","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95847666,0.000032859716,0.00036181358,0.03751809,0.0003175087,0.00035174168,0.0010033038,0.00001711528,0.0019208966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973311,0.0000034389768,0.0016034426,0.000017656737,0.00035304826,0.000044342494,0.00012500415,0.000017236865,0.00050476013],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859244,0.00007864789,0.0005078569,0.00031510845,0.00026848775,0.00023748865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970532,0.000506497,0.00040181202,0.0018053689,0.00017053395,0.00006255872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041805537,0.00016239854,0.00020824214,0.00002425071,0.0003500533,0.00007041021,0.0018033817,0.0000866782,0.00029044165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078185054,0.00008735579,0.00061950774,0.0005735113,0.00052208354,0.00013829055,0.00031711053,0.0005196827,0.000023355638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012513786,0.00034654397,0.9622424,0.0000020580399,0.00019829355,2.9986513e-10,0.0012305275,0.000036224603,0.014644574,0.004193378,0.011786248,0.005307209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040094854,0.000006806604,0.96775174,0.000007950558,0.00005045755,2.883937e-8,0.0022364203,0.0008061712,0.0032332977,0.00087313604,0.02453676,0.00009628729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011914615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021979824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038854398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031127638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000112171874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35622656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040505548","doi":"10.1086/427838","title":"The Period Changes of Polaris","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Instability strip; Astrophysics; Physics; Photometry (optics); Amplitude; Hiatus; Instability; Astronomy; RADIUS; Stars; Geology; Optics; Mechanics","score_opus":0.010945529298928372,"score_gpt":0.21491231204198663,"score_spread":0.20396678274305827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040505548","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8734794,0.00068849965,0.0003623063,0.109681465,0.0002864479,0.00051562715,0.00015060355,0.000015951993,0.014819671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976341,0.000011353319,0.0009071907,0.000011571766,0.00017000848,0.00001764557,0.0000067386914,0.0000073831675,0.0012340206],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992072,0.000055224307,0.00026844617,0.00012492956,0.00015559628,0.000188628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985879,0.0002239113,0.00036368813,0.0007004855,0.000093687864,0.000030324758],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023883057,0.00010601016,0.0001814646,0.000010163027,0.00038235518,0.000022933384,0.00077413407,0.000031349384,0.00007706537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024196797,0.000056123234,0.00039708702,0.00016069777,0.00055217766,0.000049756072,0.00022761078,0.00014798826,0.000005316123],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004568856,0.000080992824,0.98292667,0.0000049431355,0.00021502296,5.43777e-11,0.00077665463,0.000115659444,0.0001262608,0.0022830153,0.010509633,0.002956555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016662598,0.000011495936,0.9609363,0.000008457211,0.00006834138,1.1950401e-7,0.0021868541,0.0003608376,0.0027553225,0.0002870742,0.033155832,0.00006275685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000114622075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011127356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12415466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022928478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053342275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29408056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040741234","doi":"10.1086/523656","title":"The Period Changes of the Cepheid RT Aurigae","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Orbital period; Radial velocity; Light curve; Brightness; Period (music)","score_opus":0.01132606889926531,"score_gpt":0.21893581308119392,"score_spread":0.20760974418192862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040741234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93340075,0.00036277564,0.00037662513,0.047984112,0.0006020762,0.0006456327,0.00010882545,0.000014888177,0.01650433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978088,0.000008352417,0.00034870513,0.000019075758,0.00018528973,0.000018198749,0.0000065362447,0.000010423237,0.0015945883],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988893,0.00007506116,0.0003513104,0.00016511075,0.00023459425,0.00028459527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789,0.00040580033,0.00049740163,0.0010447925,0.00012202161,0.000040001072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005444383,0.00014386907,0.00021123415,0.000010783155,0.00066035445,0.00002997813,0.0012811257,0.000044143013,0.00006308126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004194584,0.00006683695,0.00057128805,0.000268807,0.0009335772,0.000044766934,0.00039309677,0.00022125687,0.0000043644086],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009442369,0.00008660682,0.98312616,0.0000070973965,0.00024672493,2.1488271e-10,0.0009870718,0.000059272395,0.00018720693,0.003018637,0.010699227,0.001572573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001725418,0.0000128776055,0.9700574,0.000013246858,0.000080182435,2.0108496e-7,0.0036668987,0.000093469076,0.0035890285,0.0006646741,0.02157807,0.00007139666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012992979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023118186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06440809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033112723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075280375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5078979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041225845","doi":"10.1086/317695","title":"The Vancouver Island Fireballs of Spring 1998","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Meteorite; Geology; Spring (device); History; Phenomenon; Astronomy; Physics; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.00914854069610931,"score_gpt":0.1828820370852865,"score_spread":0.17373349638917718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041225845","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93328387,0.000117736156,0.000045420333,0.014390592,0.00026570042,0.00031076735,0.000117314055,0.000016179803,0.0514524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97295374,0.000017130908,0.00019182192,0.000023303734,0.000079571866,0.000015560687,0.0000016524259,0.0000066355296,0.026710562],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926716,0.000053651303,0.0002928105,0.00010400191,0.00011967245,0.0001626918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898803,0.0001644493,0.00018900468,0.0005797776,0.000055962984,0.000022746462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019561031,0.00007705708,0.00013617726,0.000008378728,0.00040685487,0.00002201841,0.0008047016,0.000028662049,0.000825343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015780752,0.000039726187,0.00037587146,0.000052705804,0.0014381413,0.00009128619,0.0002556404,0.00012637554,0.000011009638],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010306332,0.00076505105,0.13561092,0.00011532668,0.00084673794,3.292306e-9,0.034625363,0.0012465573,0.0008924221,0.38081688,0.4012395,0.04373815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002800477,0.000032757554,0.05740546,0.000024413352,0.00005202642,2.0149777e-7,0.004107304,0.0011662283,0.00064143375,0.0086322855,0.9275529,0.00010498751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048275475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012625041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52631336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014225103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003979464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9036927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041486336","doi":"10.1086/378869","title":"<i>PASP</i>Associate Editor for Instrumentation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Instrumentation (computer programming); Computer science; Operating system","score_opus":0.01025470072501418,"score_gpt":0.20167948360029997,"score_spread":0.1914247828752858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041486336","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814165,0.00001791201,0.01356438,0.0026051619,0.001209275,0.000553312,0.00013973494,0.000039735725,0.00045398984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98255485,0.0000026057262,0.016960904,0.0000110597275,0.0001374902,0.00010121035,0.000026215717,0.000016251568,0.00018938907],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992033,0.000032805296,0.00037089645,0.000111360074,0.00011265064,0.00016897779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992146,0.00008415471,0.00020572373,0.00037508973,0.00008565639,0.000034798653],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002021473,0.00009961814,0.00013641205,0.000016354228,0.00016411903,0.000024119669,0.0003736407,0.00006190779,0.000024107227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005782778,0.000073058254,0.00036592252,0.0002285494,0.00014093022,0.00019648533,0.00003977721,0.00010084205,0.0000026284786],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016128459,0.00037905065,0.631034,0.00013943588,0.0006191477,1.2511053e-10,0.0009968044,0.08233812,0.030106125,0.03726103,0.21043663,0.0066735083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001562749,0.00004967676,0.7491014,0.00004187115,0.00015079965,1.9667993e-7,0.0019856133,0.05173476,0.10120757,0.0030898838,0.09074175,0.00033370292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065697673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016070722,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.119694866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001605075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049297163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2979229},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042531568","doi":"10.1086/516601","title":"Faint Objects at High Galactic Latitudes in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Stars; QSOS; Physics; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Latitude; Astronomy; High latitude; Quasar","score_opus":0.011043423493066388,"score_gpt":0.21426036194347212,"score_spread":0.20321693845040573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042531568","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951598,0.000011577745,0.00044328914,0.0027874995,0.00010165379,0.00041692602,0.00012827593,0.000013132065,0.00093783776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99897504,5.2955545e-7,0.00039398213,0.0000030528008,0.00006917846,0.000028216795,0.00008921373,0.000013063387,0.00042772898],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852896,0.00013424529,0.00053075247,0.00019141474,0.00028783747,0.0003267954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979599,0.00043508416,0.00047662674,0.000935585,0.00014017866,0.000052593496],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011726097,0.00015807795,0.00019550753,0.000035698227,0.0003386704,0.000084508385,0.0011234848,0.00004667298,0.00008667283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000073132134,0.00009552117,0.00036017312,0.00053508824,0.00042831388,0.00034437698,0.00031361607,0.0002373845,0.000018923642],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000070238657,0.00018946482,0.9908182,0.000005774663,0.000060207323,3.780126e-11,0.0015214748,0.00027975565,0.0000636,0.0050431215,0.0019647814,0.00004659748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024402505,0.000009908988,0.99460256,0.000008051912,0.000015935771,1.72121e-7,0.0024975855,0.00034194553,0.00026256722,0.0016669021,0.000260371,0.00008994615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005101214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011427228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003815226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022951167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001072492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38952404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042583444","doi":"10.1086/507653","title":"The Metal‐strong Damped Lyα Systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Quasar; Astrophysics; Metallicity; Spectral line; Supernova; Population; Sky; Redshift; Spectrograph; Spectral resolution; Metal; Galaxy; Astronomy; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007967163097776505,"score_gpt":0.19721885251070143,"score_spread":0.18925168941292492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042583444","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905812,0.000098848206,0.0012548388,0.00570039,0.00030500014,0.0005487375,0.00012799229,0.000027824053,0.0013551426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995874,0.0000010663972,0.0005143293,6.9057387e-7,0.00020869602,0.00010976877,0.000041487358,0.00001728835,0.0032326733],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984093,0.00013714378,0.0006386364,0.00019327966,0.00028791704,0.00033376602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997601,0.00017213583,0.0007384839,0.0012350848,0.0002050115,0.000048318325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005273191,0.0001719401,0.0002217948,0.000020466028,0.00084665674,0.00011278283,0.0013574837,0.000045328943,0.000045081437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017863114,0.00009802623,0.0006413449,0.0003795794,0.00061040046,0.00024949398,0.00029099293,0.000208731,0.000018157307],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022495385,0.000096133015,0.90986246,0.0000072484804,0.0001267964,5.0914863e-12,0.00014490754,0.0021299247,0.0002761453,0.07380625,0.013519466,0.000028407265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021489029,0.0000057941,0.98287994,0.00000912464,0.000057294237,1.310031e-7,0.0018986656,0.0061262515,0.00042451717,0.0023096493,0.0059794392,0.00009431512],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046553175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059276927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.073017456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012974828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014111424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65118843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043625211","doi":"10.1086/428271","title":"SDSS J210014.12+004446.0: A New Dwarf Nova with Quiescent Superhumps?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Apache (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Astrophysics; Physics; Cataclysmic variable star; Photometry (optics); Dwarf nova; Balmer series; Sky; Intermediate polar; Astronomy; Accretion disc; Orbital period; Spectroscopy; White dwarf; Emission spectrum; Accretion (finance); Stars; Spectral line","score_opus":0.016976192268351148,"score_gpt":0.21799216666548837,"score_spread":0.20101597439713723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043625211","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94710517,0.00001851687,0.01195365,0.037829198,0.00008887056,0.000487748,0.00011755152,0.000029796469,0.0023695289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861239,5.0644195e-7,0.010270602,0.00004097032,0.00035193117,0.000028893897,0.00002677643,0.000022283299,0.0031340893],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869967,0.000044557008,0.00041006535,0.0002633678,0.00025502587,0.00032731664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982925,0.00007566581,0.0003433173,0.0010465451,0.000114425995,0.00012751989],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001084485,0.0001978242,0.0002651304,0.000019257577,0.00028479015,0.00004724045,0.0010665084,0.000040587478,0.00032565356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008555685,0.00012024262,0.00057853584,0.0003867962,0.00045127148,0.00024421577,0.00030138576,0.0002719659,0.000028020613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040202667,0.0017524564,0.82165796,0.000021957352,0.0006545945,8.8210966e-10,0.0018650952,0.043727376,0.0044649793,0.058406048,0.057083644,0.01032571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015721761,0.000097940145,0.9260564,0.00006812055,0.00023632281,1.7419109e-7,0.0026772455,0.0075670257,0.008769046,0.002312287,0.050202586,0.00044067265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021535416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009433201,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10439847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009022456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024059534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4903352},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043923322","doi":"10.1086/675784","title":"Efficiency Measurements and Installation of a New Grating for the OSIRIS Spectrograph at Keck Observatory","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Osiris; Spectrograph; Observatory; Physics; Grating; Astronomy; Optics; Remote sensing; Geology; Spectral line","score_opus":0.035539300702289736,"score_gpt":0.23669852558203308,"score_spread":0.20115922487974336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043923322","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9568653,0.00004950094,0.03872077,0.0033678804,0.00006183573,0.0004367945,0.00003615252,0.000004797976,0.00045697187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991986,8.880342e-7,0.007702122,0.000006423771,0.00006411106,0.000008456168,0.000005870647,0.000008861676,0.00021727713],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999252,0.00003966598,0.0002841397,0.00013849253,0.00014362815,0.00014204081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879414,0.00017794935,0.0004468315,0.00042854357,0.00011820981,0.00003435473],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036591143,0.0000933871,0.00014859745,0.000011163885,0.000352977,0.000020511457,0.00032844194,0.000025315843,0.0000068073573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033023378,0.000054633,0.00034848388,0.0001464642,0.00028031282,0.000060950115,0.0001727875,0.00007997725,2.1310197e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013152866,0.00011857562,0.9574158,0.000016549311,0.00023059026,2.8522807e-11,0.0009315025,0.0030383235,0.015175992,0.01577382,0.0024794266,0.0048062443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006687254,0.00004438779,0.92481756,0.000039085742,0.00015024604,6.638903e-8,0.0016926446,0.055212457,0.01022708,0.0037326457,0.003286215,0.00012889324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008217375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000496165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052174132,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031163916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049457347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27148494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045829695","doi":"10.1086/316539","title":"Spectral‐Line Profiles in Daytime Skylight","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Skylight; Physics; Daytime; Spectrograph; Sky; Observatory; Sky brightness; Line (geometry); Telescope; Spectral line; Rayleigh scattering; Optics; Astrophysics; Atmospheric sciences; Astronomy; Geography","score_opus":0.010346909608206887,"score_gpt":0.21991423890039055,"score_spread":0.20956732929218366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045829695","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599612,0.000018234789,0.000019552297,0.032386955,0.00003244303,0.0003378101,0.00002253118,0.000010514909,0.007210794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916192,0.000015745727,0.0023784367,0.000046447836,0.00002903867,0.000017568944,0.0000051550833,0.000009172171,0.00587922],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988664,0.00006650043,0.00034560365,0.00018819152,0.00022861191,0.00030471804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990302,0.000043861583,0.00017340266,0.0006776596,0.0000034393183,0.00007146177],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000375357,0.00010691545,0.00015787395,0.000011964684,0.00014682823,0.00001195737,0.0008662997,0.000058684836,0.0053305337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015831594,0.00006602026,0.00025932776,0.00030156833,0.00057663367,0.00015913177,0.00018584379,0.0001867048,0.00015812676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008794877,0.00029852154,0.984351,0.000005360333,0.000012424725,7.994992e-10,0.00043821483,0.0018712078,0.0032879445,0.00021167524,0.008284395,0.0012304524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019033978,0.000017343826,0.98224205,0.000008428344,0.000008403312,2.467292e-7,0.00010618991,0.00077310635,0.0044170655,0.00039253623,0.011777586,0.000066678236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001317495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001214978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032340504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023175834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029028406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045934030","doi":"10.1086/659743","title":"The Carina Project. IV. Radial Velocity Distribution1","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Radial velocity; Spectrograph; Galaxy; Stars; Velocity dispersion; Spectral line; Astronomy","score_opus":0.02180608520245463,"score_gpt":0.22000079735596456,"score_spread":0.19819471215350992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045934030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9408962,0.0001703287,0.001905594,0.0116039375,0.00070637936,0.0010825517,0.00032078446,0.000036314817,0.043277893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983316,0.000005298401,0.00065833295,0.0000055486007,0.00013585389,0.000045134082,0.000024152185,0.0000073439583,0.0007867143],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990355,0.00008563804,0.0003029421,0.00017053247,0.00015758994,0.00024782136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856114,0.00020930267,0.00032392342,0.00075990224,0.000108980654,0.000036730857],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002766895,0.00012981312,0.00017268508,0.000008415603,0.00070009433,0.0000304225,0.00090177334,0.00003743231,0.0000584579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038072525,0.00006933667,0.00048381186,0.00021778494,0.0007246554,0.00006903453,0.00028842184,0.00020733097,0.000007851642],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009816855,0.000101000085,0.971704,0.0000037495984,0.00021596698,2.3051551e-10,0.00070415076,0.000013504124,0.0000127800595,0.0071478602,0.018905599,0.0011815967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018057016,0.000011029054,0.9849244,0.0000050508756,0.00007302948,1.3875814e-7,0.0011372112,0.000293831,0.0005830819,0.0015267117,0.011190705,0.00007425463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00061080547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006489653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057435405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004578608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012577574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.538463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047061498","doi":"10.1086/499928","title":"Precise Spectroscopic Radial Velocity Measurements Using Telluric Lines","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Radial velocity; Spectrograph; Physics; Line (geometry); Spectral line; Optics; Absorption (acoustics); Wavelength; Refraction; Refractive index; Absorption spectroscopy; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Stars","score_opus":0.026836673981699654,"score_gpt":0.23623012133950824,"score_spread":0.2093934473578086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047061498","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881151,0.00012230097,0.001574907,0.001948584,0.00029517867,0.00033647456,0.000035793684,0.00001305552,0.007558636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950122,0.0000012896113,0.004067054,0.000003902974,0.00032978418,0.000011199809,0.000015094701,0.000009940249,0.0005495001],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989325,0.00006321228,0.00035132302,0.00018918197,0.00023039863,0.00023341899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988673,0.00009982762,0.00035175204,0.00054954854,0.00009775198,0.00003383038],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021144455,0.00014283959,0.0002224288,0.000018024924,0.00031424308,0.000032517015,0.0006022928,0.000037434147,0.000091853755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014779822,0.00009511615,0.0004261781,0.00024151577,0.00031345495,0.00007606881,0.00022989535,0.00014304489,0.000005655346],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004445553,0.00014894793,0.9922422,0.0000076142123,0.00013063684,1.7870852e-10,0.000081400234,0.0012708034,0.0009796761,0.0003200702,0.0045123743,0.0003017969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028424055,0.0000068302247,0.9873439,0.000014085018,0.00010321393,9.5615704e-8,0.00015318776,0.0015176418,0.00853147,0.001063107,0.00089321344,0.00008900184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044009736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004254674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007551794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006902663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009549374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3878724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047384635","doi":"10.1086/671239","title":"Period Changes in SX Phoenicis Stars: IV. BL Camelopardali","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Ephemeris; Physics; Stars; Light curve; Maxima; Astrophysics; Diagram; Mathematics; Period (music); Geodesy; Astronomy; Statistics; Geology","score_opus":0.012063828868115956,"score_gpt":0.2110060741408358,"score_spread":0.19894224527271984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047384635","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97030044,0.00009803612,0.00007905611,0.023780234,0.00015602227,0.00045470957,0.000055110173,0.000011015431,0.0050654053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99792045,0.0000063114576,0.0009818336,0.000021383845,0.000098045944,0.000085513326,0.000017288705,0.000010648858,0.00085849763],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901044,0.00006628691,0.0003030366,0.0001983985,0.0001558727,0.00026597703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998774,0.00013991083,0.0002700011,0.000679837,0.00008987329,0.000046380126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016938882,0.00014565654,0.0002555305,0.00002459629,0.00017166174,0.00003882692,0.00069997826,0.000040791307,0.00045904145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022326196,0.00009433365,0.00032640065,0.00025346666,0.0003568519,0.00009639528,0.00026669074,0.00019248418,0.000024186988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002670777,0.000104962906,0.983657,0.0000075950484,0.0001187026,3.0625522e-10,0.0011975152,0.000121142,0.00016080376,0.00042975103,0.013271409,0.0009284509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025071634,0.000010893364,0.9906879,0.000014522958,0.00003446796,1.2178161e-7,0.0033222053,0.0005827765,0.00080457213,0.00055294915,0.0036456042,0.00009325458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007899327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027123235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027620066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045292025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006120144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5026182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048005362","doi":"10.1086/505090","title":"Star Formation in the Era of the Three Great Observatories","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Star (game theory); Astronomy; Astrophysics; Physics; Astrobiology","score_opus":0.014819114264143228,"score_gpt":0.21386684503061956,"score_spread":0.19904773076647633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048005362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98461366,0.000028072103,0.0024012614,0.011448486,0.00007718757,0.00038254762,0.00018093114,0.0000048728743,0.00086296786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988998,9.2412114e-7,0.00085259014,0.0000110762285,0.00006525819,0.000045846664,0.000018010873,0.0000061650703,0.0001003254],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895966,0.000075387514,0.00045696457,0.00009923624,0.00024442704,0.00016432565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984714,0.000098998724,0.0005397182,0.0007412187,0.00013677547,0.000011930326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023556981,0.00011552291,0.00018046322,0.000007886259,0.00034517027,0.00003279422,0.0009531463,0.000026959782,0.00001645647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008611706,0.000054722135,0.0004879791,0.00040606118,0.0004159921,0.00023030257,0.00026059162,0.000218809,0.0000016324794],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007146738,0.00021846464,0.8768631,0.00001879049,0.00009175789,1.9376425e-10,0.0021596237,0.0024862622,0.00046217852,0.107035734,0.009781101,0.0008758356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022947749,0.000008103851,0.97600526,0.000019183495,0.00003295518,5.3069115e-8,0.003951611,0.0020448759,0.0015204032,0.013855339,0.0022710604,0.000061680395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003523697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027607985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09914215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038807717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005161334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26548055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048126721","doi":"10.1086/666495","title":"MOST Observations of the Flare Star AD Leo1","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Flare; Light curve; Starspot; Flare star; Polar; Rotation period; Modulation (music)","score_opus":0.017662922355660613,"score_gpt":0.22032973882418597,"score_spread":0.20266681646852536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048126721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850951,0.000040915464,0.00097530714,0.012304106,0.00021869114,0.00033196784,0.00047204952,0.000009454028,0.00055243005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954888,0.0000011896827,0.0032966004,0.000015008507,0.00006143911,0.000028984565,0.000031581803,0.000013230297,0.0010631391],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901557,0.000081678794,0.00033942243,0.00012497333,0.00019316001,0.00024520885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980933,0.00013707887,0.00043775112,0.001105173,0.00016975233,0.000056953533],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025363287,0.00012354559,0.00018537503,0.000012354425,0.00030946507,0.000020675836,0.0011015248,0.00005255593,0.00006584765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044175446,0.00007126521,0.0006045838,0.0004614838,0.00038413168,0.00018197956,0.0003899224,0.00024053124,0.0000040691125],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021932276,0.0002225415,0.97512126,0.000008446811,0.00013344472,2.376354e-11,0.00064697943,0.00087599724,0.002926015,0.01330617,0.0065683955,0.00018857814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017639274,0.0000048178285,0.9837,0.000016696007,0.00007799641,6.141829e-8,0.0027522692,0.0038998632,0.0030090536,0.0006565546,0.005625071,0.00008124806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000102508464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006398377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012649615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046844496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014304022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2906111},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048285598","doi":"10.1086/374727","title":"No Random Cycle‐to‐Cycle Period Changes in the β Cephei Star BW Vulpeculae","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Formalism (music); Star (game theory); Stars; Period (music)","score_opus":0.0097342562891272,"score_gpt":0.21383206889188103,"score_spread":0.20409781260275384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048285598","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94629854,0.00011563009,0.00031037506,0.028550308,0.0002732871,0.00086737203,0.00008688191,0.000013436709,0.023484176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980184,0.000005010679,0.0011632325,0.00007933072,0.0000998886,0.00008213725,0.000012974102,0.000011491236,0.00052753906],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987765,0.00020066975,0.00029826758,0.00022028542,0.00020959307,0.00029471246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985329,0.00029171538,0.00021765729,0.00082725286,0.00008169184,0.0000487832],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050056697,0.0001639361,0.00027255758,0.000021918331,0.000314929,0.00004602941,0.0008608301,0.000039539165,0.00019671972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071397626,0.00009297245,0.0003939383,0.0003257524,0.000284644,0.00005778985,0.00014320343,0.00021565323,0.000026133324],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015531543,0.00020099223,0.98312205,0.000007902588,0.00016151254,1.3638821e-9,0.0025399097,0.0006839267,0.00009871585,0.002598868,0.010181666,0.00038890174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076361344,0.000022823107,0.95576423,0.00001624506,0.000067488814,3.2468688e-7,0.00503541,0.0003583216,0.00048736355,0.00089530565,0.03645261,0.00013624912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018438368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015066616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051719863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003506404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060057962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37913063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048686792","doi":"10.1086/662132","title":"Some Systematics of Galactic Globular Clusters","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Globular cluster; Systematics; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Physics; Galaxy; Taxonomy (biology); Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.0204219200271809,"score_gpt":0.211635415689233,"score_spread":0.1912134956620521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048686792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9766693,0.0002893327,0.0017564171,0.0031381375,0.0005312362,0.0008219729,0.00010395196,0.00002060553,0.016669061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971165,0.000003267738,0.0024150365,0.000006408084,0.00007582556,0.000016956508,0.0000068323384,0.000009897363,0.00034929355],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989125,0.000082269566,0.00048509988,0.00014707589,0.00018678741,0.00018624951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981663,0.0001733831,0.00065569085,0.0008509406,0.00011109336,0.000042570136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026051412,0.00013248385,0.00031330143,0.000018188983,0.00014409515,0.000010385891,0.0007562674,0.000040909123,0.00008277491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028495904,0.000083301326,0.000546846,0.00018043538,0.00043056693,0.000097998505,0.0002329385,0.00013261451,0.000006736738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005910731,0.00016127664,0.9897249,0.00007676427,0.00037965717,2.9144648e-10,0.0010513691,0.00012222899,0.000055575907,0.0051499964,0.0032040111,0.00006832443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025933667,0.000018633744,0.9913035,0.000055498655,0.00022026115,2.5195865e-7,0.002676468,0.00086726557,0.002162097,0.0020638388,0.00027626587,0.00009658561],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016465608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.461945e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020447198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028987202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006199653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33969295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049548874","doi":"10.1086/529033","title":"QSOs in the Combined SDSS/<i>GALEX</i>Database","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"QSOS; Astrophysics; Redshift; Completeness (order theory); Physics; Sample (material); Galaxy; Astronomy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.012996055605520323,"score_gpt":0.20586425833641317,"score_spread":0.19286820273089283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049548874","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864113,0.00001682549,0.00033601356,0.011869125,0.00009282515,0.00050740957,0.00013780184,0.000014797922,0.000613948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99792635,0.0000022952793,0.0013193383,0.00000869372,0.00007345132,0.00009811189,0.00006585102,0.00001212025,0.0004937832],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986184,0.00015124239,0.00050448684,0.0001823954,0.00027286317,0.0002705587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980195,0.00014841255,0.0004211709,0.0012458599,0.00011895926,0.00004606044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041068194,0.00015105435,0.00019841004,0.000030697316,0.00046020438,0.000027458478,0.0014823033,0.00003780712,0.00012730804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028783832,0.00009044339,0.0004609706,0.0005674292,0.0006086246,0.0002800573,0.0002658924,0.00028222654,0.000020302801],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043465197,0.00027481985,0.9692482,0.000006519537,0.00004446121,4.037472e-11,0.0015878397,0.00038296657,0.000167613,0.008746461,0.019521145,0.000015669799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041510246,0.000010272597,0.9919506,0.000010256552,0.000020361824,3.655951e-7,0.001968264,0.003015192,0.00034134346,0.001048175,0.001134622,0.00008549973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018660053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000562274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022702387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000082573584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016371724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36881745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050523659","doi":"10.1086/322916","title":"High‐Latitude Observations on SOFIA","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Latitude; Environmental science; Water vapor; Tropopause; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Altitude (triangle); Stratosphere; Geology; Physics; Geodesy; Astronomy","score_opus":0.022105161384703437,"score_gpt":0.20719586539786652,"score_spread":0.18509070401316308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050523659","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.975989,0.00002772344,0.00035957913,0.021808961,0.00017382181,0.00016792456,0.000081808226,0.000018421182,0.0013727807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99040157,0.000012975582,0.008307352,0.00007616792,0.00005259769,0.0000033499446,0.000026286443,0.000003045522,0.0011166474],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992134,0.000046192774,0.00025094658,0.00013901328,0.00017537535,0.00017505731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989428,0.00013217313,0.00021920716,0.00060994225,0.00004929128,0.000046615085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001707149,0.00008491461,0.00012597654,0.0000046773903,0.00028172048,0.000024443629,0.00074190274,0.00004661848,0.0006351718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040917264,0.00004957472,0.00028577197,0.00036509885,0.00026695128,0.00012014201,0.000048314505,0.00012954237,0.000043464148],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049883834,0.000048042784,0.95613474,0.0000028833842,0.00003434115,5.5037275e-10,0.00009059744,0.034209624,0.0000671128,0.0013862357,0.0069808275,0.0010406128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010371138,0.00001633084,0.9856859,0.000007020962,0.000018085231,2.414622e-7,0.00030182363,0.005976859,0.00011854611,0.000796921,0.006922913,0.000051653537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004249693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006737294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029551161,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011257366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055447843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69546854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051907414","doi":"10.1086/668636","title":"SEDfit: Software for Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting of Photometric Data","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Spectral energy distribution; Software; Curve fitting; Software package; Computer science; Energy (signal processing); Algorithm; Energy distribution; Redshift; Maximum likelihood; Astrophysics; Statistical physics; Applied mathematics; Physics; Mathematics; Statistics; Machine learning; Galaxy","score_opus":0.02034240609537529,"score_gpt":0.2286574194732601,"score_spread":0.2083150133778848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051907414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720996,0.00005574096,0.022517247,0.0037633397,0.00019655967,0.0003681378,0.00075549184,0.000020915842,0.00022294589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97261196,0.0000027796866,0.026854634,0.0000078714265,0.00006049634,0.0000039689194,0.00015265937,0.0000074314694,0.00029818015],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989975,0.000050061008,0.00030564138,0.00018315247,0.00021816755,0.00024548126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99819535,0.00019602939,0.0004435092,0.001072978,0.00003833861,0.00005377657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045234532,0.000094220755,0.00015031187,0.000009925686,0.00016680249,0.000012684144,0.0012939947,0.00006919469,0.0000385204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039522702,0.00005659558,0.00026961908,0.0007416662,0.0004059851,0.00022818052,0.00074964645,0.00010169905,0.000002566523],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000070830856,0.0003113001,0.8690766,0.00002184756,0.0000784186,1.3602744e-10,0.0002568349,0.0021381506,0.018278962,0.00039230628,0.10552711,0.0039113513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014416984,0.000008567,0.96159804,0.000011388395,0.000048127305,6.1794293e-7,0.00024689743,0.00447314,0.019932115,0.00012884996,0.01332972,0.000078359575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012412229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043412756,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.092521414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016452659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020136198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24045856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052446705","doi":"10.1086/316523","title":"Microlensing of Broad Absorption Line Quasars: Polarization Variability","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Gravitational microlensing; Quasar; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarimetry; Outflow; Active galactic nucleus; Torus; Spectral line","score_opus":0.0077189167975054585,"score_gpt":0.20544507471090184,"score_spread":0.19772615791339637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052446705","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938495,0.000008440253,0.0028502988,0.0023469878,0.00006863335,0.0003298611,0.00012699178,0.000015770187,0.00040348308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959074,0.000001761206,0.0035145367,0.0000013462485,0.00007069898,0.000012681009,0.000071399125,0.000011627462,0.00040854616],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868375,0.00013774553,0.00062533247,0.00018073349,0.0001878312,0.00018459142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982067,0.00008166869,0.0005831558,0.00085238524,0.00023555453,0.00004056786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049769663,0.00012804348,0.0002109539,0.00002606431,0.0002183198,0.000022875787,0.0005704597,0.000057554305,0.00035677617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002711385,0.000096400945,0.0004393515,0.00041439725,0.00039063508,0.0002794555,0.00010826514,0.00015875383,0.00000906314],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007027063,0.00023593914,0.98892677,0.00001564831,0.00007099391,2.744741e-12,0.0005818447,0.0016867602,0.005472792,0.0019233619,0.00043836297,0.0006404929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023589047,0.000010376221,0.98506445,0.00001712698,0.00004352096,9.871501e-8,0.00034586477,0.007805862,0.0039181937,0.0021287955,0.0003547141,0.00007508167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018437259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014790788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006119102,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009530685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119157965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39311165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052635075","doi":"10.1086/650584","title":"Identifying Bright Stars in Crowded Environments Using Velocity Dispersion Measurements, and an Application to the Center of M321","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Metallicity; Brightness; Dispersion (optics); Spectral line; Line (geometry); Surface brightness; Velocity dispersion; Absorption (acoustics)","score_opus":0.01667354467375686,"score_gpt":0.23334611512872755,"score_spread":0.21667257045497068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052635075","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937077,0.000005487887,0.0041710725,0.0014573515,0.00006926889,0.0005013894,0.000060110993,0.0000033164667,0.000024315128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695444,5.880412e-7,0.0029069877,0.0000018373808,0.000036171485,0.000031261105,0.000024321716,0.000009185846,0.00003521379],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989735,0.00007712806,0.00038566042,0.00018027498,0.00021919057,0.00016427774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987683,0.000026816793,0.0003861104,0.0007092151,0.00005809197,0.000051422252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047713262,0.00010468262,0.00013787567,0.000028779228,0.00026202633,0.00003010479,0.00062586437,0.000035354944,0.000028826473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011254087,0.00006951519,0.00014965098,0.00022349812,0.0002726548,0.00027240472,0.0002519887,0.00016941059,0.0000018946336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041337294,0.00016382015,0.9621084,0.0000064219103,0.000032214994,4.2441836e-12,0.001177302,0.0007211899,0.03502104,0.0005100888,0.00010694162,0.0001485022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022945095,0.000004395113,0.986173,0.000010133446,0.000020314048,5.0268568e-8,0.0009589662,0.0067217154,0.005249442,0.00033532185,0.00023799739,0.000059263824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028933623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003181357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029771598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008877038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042811058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28347474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053667625","doi":"10.1086/497302","title":"Homogeneous Photometry. V. The Globular Cluster NGC 4147","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Globular cluster; Homogeneous; Cluster (spacecraft); Sign (mathematics)","score_opus":0.009819115791571026,"score_gpt":0.2148619706962699,"score_spread":0.20504285490469887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053667625","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92834806,0.00041593818,0.0013473555,0.048566777,0.00032919226,0.000711442,0.00012799106,0.000025850446,0.02012739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961114,0.000006199948,0.0014643441,0.000070811526,0.00030413026,0.000034128654,0.000014164332,0.000012832387,0.0019820188],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885726,0.00008620252,0.00035386378,0.00020661352,0.00022437329,0.00027169808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981941,0.00027621406,0.0003311247,0.0010545702,0.000095516254,0.000048475835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028751662,0.00016346893,0.00022270979,0.000017068323,0.00044454908,0.000043669424,0.0011375888,0.00004590644,0.00025589723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025647474,0.00008701951,0.0006459027,0.00031502917,0.00050859136,0.00007588967,0.00036301056,0.00022659838,0.000030989224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005912304,0.00013928759,0.96101457,0.000005179899,0.0003205598,3.2236122e-10,0.00046754195,0.0014995034,0.00006945308,0.00086645246,0.033535354,0.0020761648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035187122,0.0000119862,0.9291752,0.000010329039,0.00014865815,7.654565e-7,0.0009882321,0.0026177487,0.0019230698,0.0005313748,0.06410702,0.00013376675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011641176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042544866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.067763306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004696219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062146944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35485527},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054882253","doi":"10.1086/378214","title":"Variability in the Astronomical Refraction of the Rising and Setting Sun","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Refraction; Sunset; Sunrise; Standard deviation; Atmospheric refraction; Geodesy; Geology; Range (aeronautics); Variation (astronomy); Physics; Meteorology; Optics; Atmospheric sciences; Astronomy; Remote sensing; Mathematics; Materials science; Statistics","score_opus":0.00992868761987922,"score_gpt":0.21208692364176204,"score_spread":0.20215823602188282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054882253","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900716,0.000064529486,0.0021961555,0.006496635,0.00012689288,0.0003686418,0.000020822437,0.000014974651,0.00063977303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99602044,0.000004654831,0.0038769853,0.000006688671,0.000023394607,0.00002727306,0.0000012530184,0.000010534893,0.000028793396],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987172,0.00034880702,0.00045047578,0.00015263818,0.0001584835,0.00017241118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983764,0.00052469375,0.00024997606,0.0007663871,0.00006216001,0.00002037478],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015943508,0.00011252955,0.00018440175,0.000017928964,0.00021113374,0.000026417027,0.00055258593,0.00006079648,0.000007848971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044592348,0.00006180638,0.00024777514,0.00032469022,0.0004649666,0.00012372788,0.00013506858,0.0003249449,7.0095683e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004710827,0.00010987494,0.9513167,0.000052340572,0.00012945302,2.353547e-10,0.0019262991,0.033992432,0.006403912,0.0028779071,0.0021244732,0.001061889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017825342,0.0000044997178,0.9784691,0.000020458028,0.000036160152,6.6814823e-7,0.0020824063,0.011894064,0.005203001,0.0008597858,0.001185247,0.00006638486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017928023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035834817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027152361,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014210054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004290553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25203907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055677683","doi":"10.1086/669823","title":"The Open Cluster NGC 2437 (Messier 46)1","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Open cluster; Distance modulus; Star cluster; Luminosity function; Luminosity; Hubble sequence; T Tauri star; Cluster (spacecraft)","score_opus":0.013270820519205565,"score_gpt":0.22779201295501492,"score_spread":0.21452119243580936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055677683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7115933,0.00030818122,0.001287769,0.14618127,0.000967661,0.0028113707,0.00011621798,0.000032773125,0.1367015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99195236,0.0000047307285,0.00087815,0.000046095684,0.00013736018,0.00011901359,0.000012262989,0.000011823984,0.0068382076],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891263,0.00010182155,0.00035266211,0.00019433728,0.0001658706,0.0002726665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979738,0.00042184824,0.00036255945,0.0010612851,0.0001273567,0.000053169395],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031564283,0.00014311813,0.00020925826,0.000008410439,0.00068683224,0.00016614389,0.0019574205,0.000039152306,0.00033155296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030244008,0.00007101668,0.00043029993,0.00018361569,0.000549961,0.00017932914,0.0009256218,0.00021031463,0.000048172788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028579902,0.000070939284,0.864093,0.0000031773707,0.00021703196,5.7774407e-11,0.00029307473,0.00011330189,0.0000217352,0.002612615,0.13043572,0.0021365401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027059857,0.00000919823,0.95959157,0.000009708442,0.00005469711,1.1077504e-7,0.001522528,0.00094282674,0.00022969511,0.0027648264,0.034515783,0.0000884586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043158542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004511275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2803591,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030023506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007572018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5282628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056076677","doi":"10.1086/671138","title":"An Overview of the Dwarf Galaxy Survey","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Queen's University; Kingston Health Sciences Centre","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Metallicity; Galaxy; Astrophysics; Dwarf galaxy; Astronomy; Interstellar medium; Star formation; Stars; Universe","score_opus":0.025679681206757784,"score_gpt":0.2448808390342275,"score_spread":0.2192011578274697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056076677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99473834,0.000043376604,0.00022430044,0.0038726851,0.00013382794,0.0005477021,0.00019101248,0.000012346992,0.00023641562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984306,0.000002638378,0.0008949334,0.000002937595,0.000055704295,0.00006436375,0.000040728173,0.00001521819,0.0004928491],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984815,0.0002676445,0.0005685754,0.00018226205,0.0002573782,0.00024264677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997067,0.00012377226,0.00076160376,0.001634124,0.00034722697,0.000066308334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005587329,0.00015323865,0.00024158916,0.000019124662,0.0003110167,0.00004523139,0.001739333,0.000048540725,0.00042148546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035275516,0.000089046574,0.0005886834,0.00048710094,0.0005645831,0.00038295533,0.00034857582,0.00019428266,0.000019761957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000012910479,0.00015755022,0.98480135,0.000012839276,0.000081431135,9.33917e-13,0.0004419383,0.00029835806,0.00044810062,0.0061097173,0.007573868,0.00007355359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016536462,0.000009208283,0.9928184,0.00001538841,0.0000282082,4.4569234e-8,0.0007364679,0.0020004371,0.00090426585,0.0029408508,0.00030051658,0.000080836195],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011237981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013635845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008017059,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007694133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017285865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.461497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056810928","doi":"10.1086/341680","title":"Autocorrelation Analysis of<i>Hipparcos</i>Photometry of Short‐Period Be Stars","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Stars; Physics; Autocorrelation; Epoch (astronomy); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Amplitude; Metallicity; Mathematics; Statistics; Optics","score_opus":0.01985955036113122,"score_gpt":0.22952047365088357,"score_spread":0.20966092328975236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056810928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99049944,0.00010757191,0.0010488137,0.0021003466,0.00009602201,0.0003185258,0.00024433061,0.000008254171,0.0055766823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821395,0.000005969783,0.0012782207,0.0000051459824,0.000029245304,0.000018942368,0.000046034304,0.000007805925,0.00039466025],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879664,0.00006937583,0.00053704577,0.00018104586,0.00024546788,0.00017042806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982856,0.00023530275,0.00051810686,0.000778639,0.0001430205,0.000039310104],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022544207,0.0001303123,0.0004066733,0.00007886301,0.00014081738,0.000011450993,0.00057809125,0.000048737198,0.00043276232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029385876,0.00009078297,0.00095731666,0.0010282045,0.00043659407,0.00008156909,0.00015943912,0.00014809077,0.0000017578423],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004289888,0.00020428887,0.98952657,0.000010955941,0.0015839854,2.0978286e-10,0.0008328241,0.0031173737,0.0003653158,0.00053168455,0.003215093,0.0006076425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014468377,0.000013464641,0.9826423,0.0000087768385,0.0007650188,4.2053596e-8,0.0011042287,0.013015177,0.0014518244,0.00008145525,0.0006986699,0.00007436037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013039785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030062472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009897803,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029323224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002994539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47384438},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057343103","doi":"10.1086/324374","title":"Concepts for a Large‐Aperture, High Dynamic Range Telescope","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"High dynamic range; Telescope; Range (aeronautics); Aperture (computer memory); Physics; Astronomy; Dynamic range; Dynamic aperture; Optics; Aerospace engineering; Beam (structure); Engineering; Acoustics; Particle accelerator","score_opus":0.012084018432456,"score_gpt":0.2504670161799642,"score_spread":0.2383829977475082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057343103","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90078115,0.000066389,0.08080883,0.015198287,0.00020251682,0.0008760737,0.0006322968,0.000018523619,0.0014159017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875077,0.0000017945009,0.010385106,0.000027561235,0.000083088686,0.000032487722,0.000043100943,0.000017907158,0.00190123],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909705,0.000038709804,0.0002911516,0.00019262203,0.00011772919,0.00026273399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869937,0.00018448179,0.00031525537,0.00060761854,0.00014500818,0.000048281167],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018533242,0.00013139924,0.00021742501,0.000013229619,0.0002987933,0.000028133087,0.000555629,0.000045287165,0.00006880752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023401419,0.00008531225,0.0006118752,0.00018074038,0.00022792634,0.000088426335,0.0001874771,0.00014415289,0.000004229459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082775034,0.001248061,0.7279251,0.000042306463,0.0009797981,2.1537523e-9,0.0012334528,0.0021280379,0.0098767085,0.21310726,0.037469834,0.0059066145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029212106,0.00007128207,0.77512825,0.00009377525,0.00025082324,6.183596e-7,0.0053916983,0.06750363,0.0022359304,0.01378143,0.13211274,0.00050862087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044478864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003352511,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19932583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049356233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007024386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34789324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057886093","doi":"10.1086/427272","title":"A New Cataclysmic Variable in Hercules","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Cataclysmic variable star; Light curve; Dwarf nova; Orbital period; Amplitude; Variable star; Variable (mathematics); Star (game theory)","score_opus":0.010367001507240979,"score_gpt":0.20928241635214154,"score_spread":0.19891541484490055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057886093","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9559041,0.000018354218,0.028149849,0.01338923,0.00008954355,0.0003415021,0.00008561834,0.000012081343,0.0020096954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97864854,2.763582e-7,0.02035251,0.000012858175,0.00008449118,0.000025578418,0.000014472047,0.000009911601,0.0008513723],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991565,0.000030157616,0.00031879853,0.00016540692,0.00012482535,0.00020433385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895185,0.00005232132,0.0002225895,0.0006629006,0.00005278964,0.00005756913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009896816,0.00010847565,0.00017630574,0.00001677597,0.00013801623,0.000021870756,0.00079475745,0.000030868025,0.00009468955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010917892,0.00007277836,0.0003488045,0.0005306558,0.00018501472,0.0001491588,0.00022407997,0.00019661343,0.000009653752],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000631264,0.00056367315,0.5544576,0.000011288123,0.00014346266,2.814148e-10,0.0008346469,0.1257532,0.0066560633,0.30523586,0.005142384,0.0011955309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000826775,0.00001515648,0.9211575,0.00004144685,0.00004839804,2.816197e-8,0.0013390501,0.001377044,0.0030678373,0.068915814,0.003058855,0.0001521218],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009982302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055862674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3666999,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008678144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002855671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29678157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058226486","doi":"10.1086/341693","title":"The<i>ROSAT</i>North Ecliptic Pole Survey","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ecliptic; Astronomy; Survey research; Physics; Geology; Remote sensing; Psychology; Nuclear physics; Solar wind","score_opus":0.01616830391928647,"score_gpt":0.20195101562957282,"score_spread":0.18578271171028635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058226486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98770547,0.00006578959,0.0012154892,0.0073808352,0.00018374195,0.000322918,0.0003221445,0.000014173179,0.0027894315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99702424,0.0000032072317,0.0003358906,0.000014480466,0.000114990165,0.00003837562,0.0000184872,0.00001603014,0.0024342937],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998772,0.00011921052,0.000385468,0.00020350474,0.00020492153,0.00031485618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979711,0.00020570918,0.00043283304,0.0012043086,0.00011888442,0.00006716296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025336712,0.0001523223,0.0001962513,0.000009545724,0.000601122,0.00006589345,0.0014478243,0.000024503726,0.00009621139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015708416,0.00008643742,0.00059329637,0.0003836592,0.0005828912,0.00009914741,0.00039094055,0.00024230183,0.000026285417],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043211066,0.00028558093,0.95122045,0.000003765434,0.00020836049,1.6374592e-10,0.0002814825,0.00057878986,0.00029213462,0.0106311,0.031741764,0.004752243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025968652,0.000014946963,0.98013175,0.0000074945515,0.00004125693,5.1493913e-8,0.0005944061,0.0039702393,0.00045176863,0.003512302,0.010884268,0.00013183495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019996065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008997994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028911287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045289835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060216687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4623405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059210687","doi":"10.1086/508557","title":"Self‐Correlation Analysis of the Photometric Variability of T Tauri Stars","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Astrophysics; T Tauri star; Physics; Stars; Variable star; Amplitude; Spurious relationship; Accretion (finance); Light curve; Rotation period; Fourier analysis; Variation (astronomy); Astronomy; Fourier transform","score_opus":0.005503115975166241,"score_gpt":0.19355898893396517,"score_spread":0.18805587295879894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059210687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990305,0.000012307089,0.006762587,0.0008984752,0.000077172015,0.0002836818,0.0004745411,0.0000058872743,0.001180367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99577796,3.6974353e-7,0.0039089145,0.0000021606422,0.000023642997,0.000007678408,0.000046271878,0.000003912542,0.0002290959],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986974,0.00015238239,0.00052137097,0.00018771389,0.00028005676,0.00016107419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99767315,0.0003037813,0.0008343283,0.0010100438,0.00014960088,0.000029117455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063189544,0.00010458893,0.00026804645,0.00006578644,0.0001577025,0.000012586114,0.0010832716,0.000041806175,0.00014433106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002974663,0.00006066166,0.00086513994,0.0025173635,0.0004429065,0.00011762034,0.00019418994,0.00015596961,0.0000010995478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002468942,0.00020203053,0.9610501,0.0000066400385,0.00025770377,3.4189453e-11,0.00014400012,0.034246806,0.0010865802,0.002249062,0.0006121297,0.00014246188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098096694,0.000006863854,0.9604934,0.0000043018317,0.00033099094,1.5470917e-8,0.0002484182,0.036485504,0.0015673764,0.00041616408,0.00030137066,0.000047501813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00072083145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005568891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054729716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038895145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012029321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24737108},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062168089","doi":"10.1086/519563","title":"Control and Communications System for Remote Operation of an Infrared Radiometer","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Remote sensing; Radiometer; Infrared; Computer science; Water vapor; Software; Interferometry; Interface (matter); Atmosphere (unit); Opacity; Data acquisition; Environmental science; Physics; Optics; Meteorology; Geology; Operating system","score_opus":0.014818382155430137,"score_gpt":0.22519831762791542,"score_spread":0.2103799354724853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062168089","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87363017,0.000031877265,0.12440667,0.0010478765,0.000075130716,0.00052942475,0.00012880377,0.000023925832,0.00012612576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93273145,0.000002361283,0.067155525,0.0000045426696,0.000020325573,0.000018880857,0.000032690084,0.000010647349,0.000023577533],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992351,0.000034117278,0.00045560565,0.000087972476,0.00007406636,0.000113133145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987729,0.00014302293,0.00020324173,0.00073749915,0.00010491088,0.000038408132],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000409394,0.00007708372,0.00015739186,0.00003111407,0.00014073738,0.000017684106,0.00051495765,0.000055378117,0.0000022711454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025801706,0.000057208283,0.00017324758,0.00017070479,0.00025155285,0.00020952504,0.00006909856,0.00007997132,2.7084158e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017207275,0.00070265436,0.32262242,0.0007969105,0.0014910079,7.8953993e-10,0.004122042,0.13101847,0.38104928,0.08097494,0.0044306205,0.07261957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007620688,0.00003304717,0.4738991,0.000028724204,0.00006842411,2.9805958e-7,0.0011889919,0.50678706,0.015760548,0.00015364855,0.0012341551,0.00008392541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020807109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046890273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37576857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009216404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024482551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23328862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063546936","doi":"10.1086/381507","title":"60 Milliarcsecond Near‐Infrared Imaging of 3C 273 with Altair and Gemini","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Galaxy; Hubble space telescope; Adaptive optics; Infrared; Wavelength; Telescope; Full width at half maximum; Optics","score_opus":0.007117624147320489,"score_gpt":0.19830829389953888,"score_spread":0.1911906697522184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063546936","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872846,0.0001764477,0.00072667986,0.0057925233,0.00006385083,0.00026194123,0.00008070169,0.000008194175,0.0056050587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99461967,0.0000039832034,0.004998018,0.000012432604,0.000039227725,0.00001230733,0.000016009162,0.000009298266,0.00028906707],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923545,0.000024895906,0.00027041687,0.00016825843,0.00012678726,0.00017420592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989073,0.00012239041,0.00032457762,0.0005135377,0.00008859237,0.000043544744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012933085,0.000122024736,0.00022261609,0.000012707746,0.00021213452,0.000024354076,0.00038633484,0.000023078772,0.000042377636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012395317,0.00007565795,0.00021897463,0.0001542094,0.0007534218,0.00008481756,0.00016710794,0.00013303748,0.0000018285081],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007630412,0.00007936775,0.99508446,0.000014550086,0.00018449793,7.618774e-10,0.00082463503,0.00061849534,0.00009735508,0.00077390944,0.0018153258,0.00049977016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005084397,0.000015299322,0.99267215,0.000027220278,0.00007818929,4.1087029e-7,0.0017562455,0.00031366092,0.0016669685,0.0016959707,0.0011846111,0.00008081422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001734726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028781255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0073350538,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002127183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010068354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30852416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065299003","doi":"10.1086/666507","title":"Aperture Photometry Tool Versus SExtractor for Noncrowded Fields","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Sky; Physics; Spitzer Space Telescope; Telescope; Software; Astrophysics; Aperture (computer memory); Infrared; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Computer science; Geology; Stars","score_opus":0.020220488357878656,"score_gpt":0.2456627410485171,"score_spread":0.22544225269063844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065299003","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97709537,0.00019771671,0.0030840125,0.0077874935,0.0009763895,0.0007030695,0.00024656707,0.00001910174,0.009890257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961932,0.0000017702645,0.0023705065,0.000021989577,0.00029852666,0.000051947867,0.00003197025,0.000009605651,0.0010204964],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923456,0.00002906093,0.00023867952,0.00012583267,0.00012048638,0.00025138113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837416,0.00073466013,0.00023390702,0.0005415079,0.0000701079,0.000045625875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018495116,0.00012034585,0.00018676743,0.000012982148,0.00022148478,0.000018706782,0.0004916796,0.00005987201,0.00018254471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000067303255,0.00007563909,0.0005487459,0.00016262435,0.0001745498,0.00010596279,0.00013112043,0.00015817829,0.000008538131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020703288,0.0001285205,0.9664867,0.00001122586,0.00026888994,4.0677704e-11,0.00030057263,0.000029691248,0.0001878874,0.0009982053,0.031067096,0.0005005275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005390697,0.000014362021,0.96659124,0.0000066130783,0.00010893919,6.939533e-8,0.00082171144,0.0003441193,0.0016729976,0.00013825948,0.02966033,0.00010231877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000355969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.845842e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019097794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002770398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042265845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30844727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066514326","doi":"10.1086/671482","title":"Preliminary DIMM and MASS Nighttime Seeing Measurements at PEARL in the Canadian High Arctic","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pearl; Arctic; Scintillation; Wind speed; Ridge; Instrumentation (computer programming); Profiling (computer programming)","score_opus":0.017321134132455444,"score_gpt":0.20473268581300094,"score_spread":0.1874115516805455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066514326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798768,0.000035809953,0.00021861869,0.017864889,0.000057259393,0.00047084037,0.000038528076,0.0000028693014,0.0014343584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99701715,4.43661e-7,0.002213015,0.000022819959,0.000041589145,0.000026531556,0.000014170059,0.000009992719,0.0006543174],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991031,0.00009442225,0.00023639588,0.0001612274,0.00016369749,0.000241138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990477,0.00009043767,0.00018710259,0.0005132174,0.00009607757,0.00006548264],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028977546,0.000110312256,0.00013755665,0.000021181466,0.0004217114,0.00006256229,0.00048592172,0.00003616181,0.00008108974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014049001,0.00006471432,0.0001817973,0.00014813572,0.00028666118,0.000112409194,0.0001684705,0.0001863414,0.000007728436],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029668902,0.000066585424,0.9907292,0.0000071211393,0.00009382684,1.0367247e-9,0.001097969,0.00063437014,0.0011989983,0.002807708,0.002995895,0.00036534946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018823896,0.000011643679,0.9899524,0.000024672247,0.000032989654,1.8237863e-7,0.0017082365,0.0045566713,0.00030299876,0.0023814037,0.0007574551,0.00008309928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032121055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00088185316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031239202,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015270953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009221349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9743241},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066775682","doi":"10.1086/426340","title":"On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color‐Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Astrophysics; Physics; Open cluster; Metallicity; Stars; Photometry (optics); Mass segregation; Blue straggler; Stellar evolution; Hertzsprung–Russell diagram; Astronomy; Star cluster","score_opus":0.012651858623990568,"score_gpt":0.22290629035557485,"score_spread":0.21025443173158428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066775682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649265,0.00014372115,0.000084489984,0.028755013,0.00009835802,0.000650333,0.00011765534,0.000007457535,0.0052164616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985594,0.000009060574,0.0004090849,0.00007363598,0.00004234084,0.000034707118,0.00002090522,0.000007730283,0.00084309926],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992795,0.000055876415,0.00020148698,0.00020463733,0.00011302808,0.00014546928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874866,0.00046214001,0.00027046024,0.00042199992,0.00005828451,0.0000384807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021748646,0.00013042029,0.00018527186,0.0000096666345,0.0005930149,0.00008762783,0.0004884025,0.000041794563,0.000032040374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045181645,0.00007201873,0.00014181511,0.00013954277,0.00061719096,0.00010444013,0.00031317497,0.00023556729,0.0000018019322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015910537,0.00006966974,0.93515146,0.0000060613143,0.0002139622,8.062136e-10,0.0013688499,0.00053584576,0.000035471476,0.050074782,0.012445293,0.00008269272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053107756,0.000025158994,0.9868,0.00003993028,0.00007572396,2.686295e-7,0.0043050917,0.00023112407,0.0002023595,0.006055524,0.0016420037,0.00009170975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020068193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013135321,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05164857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044764736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054166514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4561051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067424466","doi":"10.1086/380850","title":"Deep Near‐Infrared Imaging of a Field in the Outer Disk of M82 with the Altair Adaptive Optics System on Gemini‐North","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Asymptotic giant branch; Astrophysics; Stars; Astronomy; Brightness; Galaxy; Red giant; Red-giant branch; Surface brightness; Adaptive optics; RGB color model; Star formation; Metallicity","score_opus":0.008984576216572513,"score_gpt":0.19720689001631492,"score_spread":0.1882223137997424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067424466","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96398485,0.00012118434,0.004143952,0.008649432,0.00011679609,0.0008709294,0.00008310118,0.000008645068,0.022021139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982509,0.000001673544,0.0015457278,0.000024127128,0.00003011194,0.000032994634,0.000006267603,0.000007869077,0.00010035292],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990008,0.00014130455,0.00033220035,0.00014869832,0.00019900058,0.0001780088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997999,0.00067244575,0.0004507261,0.0007586903,0.00009808508,0.000021022453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030177736,0.00013288509,0.00024447055,0.000013922692,0.00018460597,0.000020913218,0.00068380916,0.000024991972,0.000012180932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027341543,0.00006138742,0.000289114,0.00024265978,0.00043078957,0.000050406255,0.00009145222,0.00021561196,0.0000010018547],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002103945,0.00012938498,0.98592156,0.000016089194,0.0002112577,2.1440987e-9,0.002920792,0.0028923126,0.0000043338728,0.005732773,0.0018446526,0.00030582372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039467769,0.00005468344,0.9688727,0.000050560906,0.00013375733,4.8183665e-7,0.024189528,0.005059923,0.00042071304,0.00023024084,0.00050381984,0.00008891228],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011620984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009632601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034266055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024420759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069844165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25033066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068588156","doi":"10.1086/341708","title":"Ten Billion Years of Galaxy Evolution","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Galaxy; Star formation; Billion years; Galaxy formation and evolution; Irregular galaxy; Elliptical galaxy; Hubble sequence; Intergalactic star","score_opus":0.010267782141308137,"score_gpt":0.1935905177166237,"score_spread":0.18332273557531556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068588156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99531245,0.000036224697,0.00097085617,0.0026770176,0.000108266555,0.00028583847,0.00008424468,0.000015191877,0.00050988887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99730724,0.0000018847825,0.0017416221,6.4118956e-7,0.000067574925,0.00002675009,0.000015898711,0.000011738747,0.0008266662],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988754,0.00006827737,0.00047891244,0.0001523728,0.00022750479,0.00019754904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99828357,0.00006346441,0.00060864515,0.00082722085,0.00017140487,0.000045695255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002371845,0.00010934068,0.00018772382,0.000040411654,0.00016747459,0.000016024704,0.0007476951,0.000046503967,0.00028431692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024480009,0.00008137958,0.0005036833,0.0004883582,0.0004258007,0.00023049305,0.00019434908,0.00014490206,0.000019937346],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016585061,0.0001452012,0.9831705,0.000008962204,0.00007138108,3.7756348e-12,0.000554241,0.0005364367,0.000614713,0.0078190975,0.0068976018,0.00018021696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021716597,0.000010997211,0.9900193,0.000013395364,0.000034056917,7.7473864e-8,0.0007705716,0.0054348963,0.00063994597,0.0022562407,0.00053350104,0.00006982973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000120204364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010848382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006848831,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011786848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054968983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33185628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069046426","doi":"10.1086/670255","title":"Indicators of Mass in Spherical Stellar Atmospheres","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Luminosity; Stellar mass; RADIUS; Red supergiant; Stellar atmosphere; Stellar evolution; Surface brightness; Astronomy; Brightness; Star (game theory); Binary star; Stellar mass loss; Supergiant; Giant star; Stars; Star formation; Galaxy","score_opus":0.007938525724110768,"score_gpt":0.2029927098763805,"score_spread":0.19505418415226972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069046426","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874942,0.000086089,0.00045588668,0.0032086482,0.000095138,0.00035872494,0.000023068571,0.0000063072766,0.00827198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99557513,0.0000034771738,0.003941161,0.0000064614746,0.000043950527,0.000026803276,0.0000067236797,0.000008853818,0.00038746282],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989767,0.00007023211,0.00042177594,0.0001598317,0.00017003743,0.00020143458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986926,0.00021827241,0.00039395204,0.00059000275,0.00006209166,0.000043121105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014347951,0.00012175095,0.00027073303,0.000010938878,0.00008842025,0.00001446241,0.0006909363,0.00004755094,0.00044143782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022288967,0.00007749518,0.00037920536,0.0003739907,0.00047247435,0.000077084944,0.00018898421,0.00017552107,0.000010113804],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030424906,0.00012655393,0.99201185,0.000010340587,0.00012762695,1.8617244e-10,0.0002970197,0.000459483,0.00016068903,0.0007364069,0.005109796,0.0009572051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022630583,0.000010367142,0.9936199,0.000013086478,0.00003155375,3.368496e-8,0.0016415218,0.00047342313,0.0018525361,0.0010296744,0.0010330166,0.00006858882],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045003445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023086502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008080949,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002911644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063511514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48334345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069616412","doi":"10.1086/343217","title":"Characterizing the Adaptive Optics Off‐Axis Point‐Spread Function. I. A Semiempirical Method for Use in Natural Guide Star Observations","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Point spread function; Observatory; Adaptive optics; Guide star; Physics; Sky; Position (finance); Calibration; Laser guide star; Star (game theory); Field of view; Optics; Point source; Optical axis; Computer science; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.051191395423721975,"score_gpt":0.263617490851524,"score_spread":0.212426095427802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069616412","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7696277,0.00010632942,0.18088229,0.0459651,0.00040138944,0.001725311,0.0006416069,0.000029705487,0.00062057184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88005877,0.0000023309826,0.11827387,0.00007790987,0.00012048286,0.000059362013,0.00002911815,0.000020545565,0.001357616],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985997,0.00013474644,0.0005322858,0.00026433126,0.00017224443,0.00029670767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99771065,0.000738799,0.00046964147,0.0007687535,0.00026378655,0.000048369795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041918465,0.00017956151,0.0002611301,0.000028041351,0.00041100624,0.000071177674,0.00060607435,0.00005774571,0.000028384706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009453914,0.00011009356,0.0006436178,0.00036713714,0.00029177807,0.00029563459,0.0002664249,0.0003464601,0.0000020696266],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018642006,0.0023221325,0.5990918,0.000051605977,0.0024348511,8.170244e-9,0.008358835,0.018576937,0.03574161,0.21586263,0.099955484,0.017417679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006229687,0.000042391006,0.42067024,0.00004955659,0.00015897292,3.3225263e-7,0.004588502,0.55418175,0.0012129666,0.0027018911,0.0155380815,0.00023237876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014141221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011397596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5356048,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011366167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059817623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4489485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072468474","doi":"10.1086/368337","title":"Homogeneous Photometry. III. A Star Catalog for the Open Cluster NGC 6791","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Open cluster; Astronomy; Photometric system; Distance modulus; Variable star; Blue straggler; Star cluster","score_opus":0.01879666045530043,"score_gpt":0.24349204963465884,"score_spread":0.2246953891793584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072468474","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89182484,0.0010251277,0.015785748,0.038911115,0.0013879245,0.0068438416,0.0011798019,0.0000448694,0.04299673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943302,0.00000541187,0.0027992898,0.00004910526,0.00008970995,0.00017809235,0.000035129786,0.000015334808,0.002497717],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892473,0.00007879697,0.0003398191,0.00023142352,0.0001492479,0.0002759973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780124,0.0006530082,0.00034698454,0.0010309465,0.00012074843,0.00004707573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045705913,0.00015961262,0.00025807787,0.000015467554,0.00059318286,0.000080581034,0.0015434035,0.0000421595,0.00014915554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005559671,0.000086627486,0.0005560505,0.00026646207,0.0004010563,0.00008765094,0.00040772525,0.0001618522,0.0000063642315],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021620715,0.00021749691,0.9378511,0.000012423064,0.000703012,4.0602927e-10,0.00075133063,0.00057419884,0.000059995127,0.005348806,0.053698078,0.0007619446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017545645,0.000048750364,0.8301418,0.000022053231,0.0004532643,0.0000012173583,0.004865042,0.0025450212,0.0035896976,0.003914864,0.15235275,0.0003110201],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033915977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010109918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10770933,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003957189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011720429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45623428},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074343804","doi":"10.1086/316574","title":"From I See to IC: The Perfection of Astronomical Detectors1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Perfection; Astronomy; Physics; Astrophysics; Philosophy; Theology","score_opus":0.007700063308958825,"score_gpt":0.20948701323987662,"score_spread":0.20178694993091778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074343804","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886211,0.000011076393,0.005802468,0.0028712393,0.00020838183,0.0004409837,0.00018563913,0.0000130972585,0.0018459758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884044,1.9462901e-7,0.009425759,0.000011188776,0.00018770761,0.000075203025,0.000018494,0.000015631682,0.0018614382],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863,0.00013131095,0.000528587,0.00026766537,0.00019183535,0.00025060886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982903,0.00016181039,0.000339243,0.0010509251,0.000077211786,0.00008052473],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002818094,0.00017405018,0.00026256268,0.00002290227,0.00033679372,0.00002550058,0.0012358713,0.00005465365,0.0017314026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000136919425,0.000107502914,0.00063264754,0.0003041667,0.0004989048,0.00011835188,0.00024226573,0.00027002546,0.000051045838],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000078555335,0.0006527911,0.8926535,0.000012245698,0.0005860779,3.988862e-10,0.004579485,0.012843303,0.007881173,0.0017513902,0.034434594,0.044526882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004938017,0.00003513945,0.84131294,0.000029040055,0.00010584256,9.4512046e-8,0.00210347,0.00056822126,0.022138545,0.0006864539,0.13231854,0.00020791919],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024816004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023697376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09788395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010658721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016585938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99918115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074398376","doi":"10.1086/341674","title":"GriF: The New Three‐dimensional Spectroscopic Mode of PUEO, the Canada‐France‐Hawaii Telescope Adaptive Optics Bonnette: First Observations in the Fabry‐Pérot Scanning Mode","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Telescope; Physics; Monochromatic color; Interferometry; Grism; Angular resolution (graph drawing); Spectroscopy; Adaptive optics; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Geology; Galaxy","score_opus":0.022247586362473686,"score_gpt":0.21948658011960256,"score_spread":0.1972389937571289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074398376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8645861,0.0001839121,0.0155446045,0.116149545,0.00020871297,0.0012191166,0.00030986976,0.0000101235955,0.0017880201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99346983,0.0000030357178,0.0054845395,0.000098320736,0.00017492997,0.00003406002,0.000015659885,0.000020100199,0.0006994982],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982645,0.000118772834,0.0005724317,0.00026040108,0.00040820104,0.0003757031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99754125,0.00048646747,0.0005879689,0.0011631734,0.00016422688,0.000056941935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002872216,0.00022795741,0.00029802465,0.000019424822,0.00076547335,0.00005494315,0.0015006253,0.0000550276,0.000048443148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030506013,0.00011408997,0.00041282197,0.00049316854,0.0006464094,0.00013600511,0.0003179811,0.0005374533,0.0000017158759],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024737556,0.000598971,0.31384632,0.000020026726,0.00064797077,1.5312109e-8,0.0050594,0.3653649,0.0014449637,0.23487139,0.07707434,0.0010469788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000762889,0.000045412296,0.49926478,0.00013103256,0.00019036116,8.3059354e-7,0.008667762,0.4756568,0.0011709254,0.009718408,0.0040671686,0.00032363232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035109505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00777828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22515297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121158344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037395235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9713158},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074734409","doi":"10.1086/341683","title":"Detecting Magnetic Fields in Rotationally Perturbed, Hot Stellar Winds","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Spectral line; Spectrograph; Magnetic field; Telescope; Context (archaeology); Astronomy; Spectral resolution","score_opus":0.014215900991482625,"score_gpt":0.20333068439779606,"score_spread":0.18911478340631344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074734409","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97762793,0.00023891366,0.00037742686,0.007776603,0.00015008968,0.00029827358,0.000023095285,0.000009984741,0.01349767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975117,0.000004801795,0.0012202291,0.000018440056,0.00008666586,0.000020026746,0.0000057858533,0.000007941444,0.0011244434],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991036,0.00006126495,0.0003187548,0.00016618305,0.00015687717,0.00019330594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893314,0.0003012862,0.00021250354,0.0004589972,0.0000623677,0.000031692114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016054457,0.000114354654,0.0001753308,0.000022236072,0.00018257569,0.000023411498,0.0005093003,0.000044060944,0.00039113662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037432885,0.0000791513,0.0003120059,0.00024885344,0.0001961891,0.00006499527,0.00013978289,0.00021368958,0.000008690702],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029620828,0.00009583407,0.9924489,0.0000065351232,0.000057570975,6.07822e-10,0.0008129235,0.0011176937,0.000040870833,0.00031862513,0.0026347174,0.0024633526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027022426,0.0000157119,0.9909682,0.000013805677,0.000033247918,2.1170756e-7,0.0010198952,0.005681835,0.00032826327,0.00045129066,0.0011353712,0.00008191263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010127275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008273667,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019883722,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028780027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025630945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42826718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076070558","doi":"10.1086/341675","title":"Line Absorption as a Metallicity Index for Giant Stars","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Metallicity; Astrophysics; Physics; Astronomy; Index (typography); Giant star; Absorption (acoustics); Absorption spectroscopy; Optics; Computer science","score_opus":0.02168183432924737,"score_gpt":0.22897987266267567,"score_spread":0.2072980383334283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076070558","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9553179,0.00016877337,0.011125676,0.023843318,0.00028479903,0.0009945618,0.00022590053,0.000025787816,0.008013295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99616045,0.0000057084853,0.0018177382,0.000019642814,0.000108582666,0.000052358995,0.000021804548,0.00000966952,0.0018040696],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999146,0.00003840233,0.0003036026,0.00017386657,0.00014405343,0.00019406466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879086,0.00019731517,0.00032259815,0.00053875655,0.000107617416,0.00004282684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001838108,0.00012249187,0.0002108649,0.000015561798,0.0002394651,0.000022832006,0.0005005852,0.00004002247,0.0002704889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003322621,0.00007885808,0.00057802175,0.00016709416,0.00025576924,0.00007736993,0.0001330128,0.00013523389,0.0000114488985],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010298704,0.00026132757,0.97767735,0.000014100339,0.00040163792,1.6825155e-10,0.00046603032,0.00091552164,0.000294761,0.0031690856,0.014442737,0.0023471601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005266937,0.00003301746,0.96787953,0.00001281624,0.00015331531,1.7702996e-7,0.0007765325,0.01759879,0.0014740571,0.002542614,0.008875426,0.00012704276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013992107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024075523,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.040842537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003069484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026763157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3215739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077288081","doi":"10.1086/339256","title":"Simulating Spectrophotometric Fluctuations of<i>p</i>‐Mode Oscillations in Solar‐like Stars","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dairy Farmers of Ontario; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Balmer series; Stars; Wavelength; Physics; Spectral line; Astrophysics; Stellar atmosphere; Mode (computer interface); Computational physics; Emission spectrum; Optics; Astronomy","score_opus":0.01714681180484917,"score_gpt":0.22891236967544965,"score_spread":0.21176555787060047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077288081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.987892,0.00010552948,0.0013261474,0.0025835785,0.00014115222,0.00039486028,0.000112378606,0.000010721267,0.0074336533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965216,0.0000078966395,0.0029718587,0.0000061354363,0.000052560386,0.000016568776,0.000016036633,0.000010178487,0.00039720116],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987961,0.00007035465,0.00050902925,0.00018641214,0.00021476031,0.0002233275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983042,0.00045830905,0.00044012078,0.0006461042,0.00011403229,0.000037254285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018535991,0.00013093944,0.00026327124,0.00008346598,0.00022961496,0.00001792232,0.000517939,0.000035419587,0.0002068391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006914673,0.000095139905,0.00042898124,0.0010341689,0.00029616558,0.000103356746,0.00016951782,0.00019968853,0.0000058361225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018575906,0.00016319023,0.98170936,0.000008214749,0.000111444104,3.1356662e-10,0.00076237804,0.014108139,0.0003491251,0.00056825,0.0017452006,0.00047286457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027669323,0.0000106725265,0.97200364,0.000014003361,0.000055155524,8.33588e-8,0.0007177133,0.02517295,0.0005599751,0.0005788171,0.0005255455,0.000084756255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002611346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008377176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011064812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005502201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004436723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38796926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077776267","doi":"10.1086/380955","title":"The Historical Growth of Telescope Aperture","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Aperture (computer memory); Optics; Astronomy; Remote sensing; Physics; Geology; Acoustics","score_opus":0.01096823529176158,"score_gpt":0.20309097324394168,"score_spread":0.1921227379521801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077776267","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89916766,0.00047615875,0.02802501,0.044739973,0.0007716066,0.0011325941,0.00019036536,0.000025892798,0.025470728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935535,0.000002441233,0.0045255427,0.000008594348,0.000048232145,0.0000076230763,0.0000032781413,0.000011504946,0.0018392846],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990553,0.00009011705,0.00035197436,0.0001441399,0.00016744628,0.00019102542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99839205,0.00029252004,0.00041438956,0.00068077294,0.00017740311,0.000042868982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002746637,0.00011267097,0.00019245606,0.000009715628,0.00034100024,0.000019559086,0.00064434216,0.000041028063,0.000024276136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006639127,0.000059403,0.0005694991,0.00022185821,0.0004036203,0.000057146157,0.00014898641,0.0002074324,0.0000020968116],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000128713455,0.00046598056,0.40541145,0.000016159895,0.00039733783,5.269727e-10,0.0005141305,0.00032093405,0.0077620307,0.5383966,0.045591224,0.0011113025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001338766,0.000094730094,0.649093,0.00009862424,0.00031725926,8.6344505e-7,0.0063065127,0.0057912176,0.035295725,0.04224822,0.25881428,0.00060085044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054223416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.109283e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49614835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000095886935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109460125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26227328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077995679","doi":"10.1086/507849","title":"Optical Turbulence Generators for Testing Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems: A Review and Designer Guide","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptive optics; Turbulence; Atmospheric turbulence; Physics; Optics; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.05237066175173282,"score_gpt":0.28382234984805077,"score_spread":0.23145168809631794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077995679","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004033663,0.9407613,0.05107325,0.0009769227,0.0002666045,0.0044610826,0.0012319115,0.000027640452,0.00079790415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.021360997,0.1989779,0.77105165,0.000042027845,0.0021640887,0.001629026,0.00050965644,0.00044970086,0.003814952],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974177,0.00017645699,0.0012643468,0.0005194268,0.00019508447,0.00042697432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996321,0.0007623116,0.0014593637,0.000989166,0.00035192753,0.00011623457],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059766666,0.0004618126,0.0014748067,0.0000340732,0.00034466354,0.00008378027,0.0009509335,0.00015926594,0.0000048243523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010260104,0.00029268945,0.0013961915,0.00033185235,0.0006845153,0.00010087281,0.00052643445,0.0004401635,0.0000019882666],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029590938,0.0019771727,0.014438072,0.038417865,0.008219572,1.6590532e-8,0.00024058371,0.016439363,0.00008935035,0.24309249,0.1473208,0.52973515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011546981,0.00022002537,0.002053217,0.03185559,0.0146260215,0.000007633758,0.0008966354,0.052306764,0.000097383796,0.001448782,0.89305824,0.0022750336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044219658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.058946e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74573743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016556034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047700462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080056247","doi":"10.1086/507773","title":"Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods Applied to Photometric Spot Modeling","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Markov chain Monte Carlo; Monte Carlo method; Markov chain; Statistical physics; Hybrid Monte Carlo; Monte Carlo molecular modeling; Markov chain mixing time; Markov model; Algorithm; Physics; Computer science; Markov property; Mathematics; Statistics; Machine learning","score_opus":0.015795912964245505,"score_gpt":0.24915832640282018,"score_spread":0.23336241343857467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080056247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9194588,0.00015522154,0.049142636,0.005680407,0.0002605207,0.00083222025,0.00009137504,0.0000308903,0.02434794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9662328,0.0000013254457,0.03266083,0.000014839581,0.00015141627,0.00006153324,0.0000106847465,0.000014703006,0.0008519104],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879825,0.00007704374,0.00040711387,0.00025192896,0.00018730298,0.0002783575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985851,0.00025252794,0.00025477973,0.000756281,0.00009515825,0.000056118846],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047314537,0.00016723409,0.0002973177,0.000056936162,0.00026620892,0.000032716678,0.0007463582,0.000043593755,0.00005383355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024950039,0.00011363684,0.00048687743,0.00070700777,0.00014817863,0.000047297508,0.00029799886,0.00017911027,0.0000061759747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011620892,0.00015339679,0.9390428,0.000010530911,0.00021202548,2.9575636e-10,0.00032044543,0.04736425,0.0005689585,0.0016097998,0.0076185428,0.0030876324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042349062,0.000012447762,0.93770933,0.0000140368165,0.00014900051,1.5327802e-7,0.0014588801,0.05210088,0.0032210576,0.001368663,0.003311707,0.00023034323],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064878346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030080892,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04677397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053570217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048831454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46339756},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080318289","doi":"10.1086/367744","title":"The Enigmatic HH 255","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Outflow; Shock (circulatory); Emission spectrum; Line (geometry); Bow shock (aerodynamics); Ionization; Herbig–Haro object; Shock wave; Kinematics","score_opus":0.009402201474376723,"score_gpt":0.21550152960933483,"score_spread":0.2060993281349581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080318289","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.946404,0.00010944697,0.016263457,0.020133005,0.00037441292,0.0006958617,0.00014399432,0.000021495482,0.015854318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99693596,0.0000020072202,0.0016069621,0.000008517476,0.00004142164,0.000045768626,0.000004112789,0.000008208334,0.0013470356],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990557,0.000086878375,0.00036105776,0.0001131859,0.00017993589,0.00020326812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850434,0.00016250121,0.00039824494,0.0007774075,0.00012323262,0.000034249973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002854584,0.00011116948,0.0001581562,0.000007904655,0.00075207936,0.000048364203,0.0007112975,0.000020774978,0.000049440056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025016128,0.000056118864,0.00056813855,0.00024965196,0.0004663994,0.000096326214,0.00018614632,0.00016134522,0.000011968889],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005481135,0.00030021934,0.30552948,0.000016034714,0.00056878524,1.3931487e-10,0.0017219047,0.0017602675,0.0004781131,0.6309491,0.055701975,0.0029686426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013014363,0.000046667992,0.584415,0.00005580383,0.00026347456,3.372382e-7,0.0314049,0.006822367,0.008918948,0.09013082,0.27612987,0.0005103617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017249738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.2412516e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5408183,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002910655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008008792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5784462},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081768650","doi":"10.1086/505183","title":"V725 Sagittarii: From Population II Cepheid to Red Semiregular Variable","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Astrophysics; Physics; Instability strip; Light curve; Photometry (optics); Variable star; Astronomy; Population; Stars","score_opus":0.00702605130358755,"score_gpt":0.19286917958655514,"score_spread":0.1858431282829676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081768650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97330695,0.000057196637,0.002244764,0.012362062,0.00026194385,0.00043863984,0.00020409675,0.000024347664,0.011099989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898918,4.945329e-7,0.007932595,0.000017374303,0.00024077414,0.000026312655,0.00017807132,0.0000118416665,0.001700726],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998942,0.000054365068,0.00037077474,0.00023248642,0.00018303317,0.00021733862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865985,0.00013468834,0.00029551977,0.0007772291,0.00008769863,0.000044991997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015591233,0.00014350643,0.00023538496,0.00001667244,0.0004159892,0.000030978903,0.000597593,0.000048706584,0.0002122603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018683988,0.000100635756,0.0003400876,0.00028863165,0.00012974224,0.00008995609,0.00030172558,0.00013076352,0.0000071543564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056355702,0.00011734111,0.9559771,0.0000029832163,0.00013092333,1.5135665e-10,0.00015719036,0.0027863153,0.00048660065,0.0028558017,0.03724594,0.00023417504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019699395,0.000008546218,0.98108834,0.000013910551,0.0000799601,3.9913733e-8,0.00021167236,0.0006567985,0.0010484005,0.006130142,0.010468513,0.00009668991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00342785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000125796005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026777426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005271619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042802752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5181907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083925253","doi":"10.1086/323284","title":"900–1200 Å Interstellar Extinction in the Galaxy, Large Magellanic Cloud, and Small Magellanic Cloud","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Large Magellanic Cloud; Stars; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Astronomy; Ultraviolet astronomy; Spectral line; Small Magellanic Cloud; Astronomical spectroscopy; Optics","score_opus":0.012579942116771525,"score_gpt":0.21676606979193924,"score_spread":0.20418612767516772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083925253","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98379505,0.0000723708,0.0068942807,0.0057759047,0.00016698768,0.00038258272,0.00008546336,0.000010109916,0.0028172252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986596,0.000015598098,0.0005347629,0.000023255052,0.00017195365,0.000027674176,0.000019340241,0.0000111998015,0.00053661404],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988346,0.00012974575,0.0004163195,0.00019266907,0.00016180845,0.00026482606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987634,0.00011604709,0.0003546196,0.0006539945,0.00007665781,0.000035278525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000452571,0.0001573256,0.00021744541,0.000023152203,0.0003281388,0.000060854654,0.0006856358,0.000040256255,0.00009348772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009774023,0.000093173156,0.00038207378,0.00033514042,0.00025997777,0.00009390533,0.00034987478,0.00027106196,0.000010810565],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039804887,0.0005558881,0.9499515,0.000032257438,0.00032361088,5.8860956e-9,0.005300169,0.00075810467,0.00058450043,0.020699335,0.01810741,0.0036473882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014640405,0.000065702494,0.8882531,0.00005094115,0.00014842933,0.0000017432876,0.034782488,0.007786129,0.0005231319,0.008760728,0.057827927,0.0003356375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006175227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010644668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061698426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004107164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036010053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37994912},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085341078","doi":"10.1086/658931","title":"Extragalactic Fields Optimized for Adaptive Optics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptive optics; Sky; Physics; Optics; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Magnitude (astronomy); Figure of merit; Field (mathematics); Window (computing); Surface (topology); Astrophysics; Computer science; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0364731809839877,"score_gpt":0.23514870886359854,"score_spread":0.19867552787961085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085341078","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44490242,0.000029924222,0.5341039,0.00521788,0.00038507406,0.0012860813,0.0002425202,0.000024184807,0.0138080595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88783175,5.006212e-7,0.1111645,0.0000068447944,0.00006453162,0.000026394075,0.000005940177,0.000013049594,0.00088645937],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918926,0.000036821726,0.00030614933,0.00016626829,0.00009939007,0.0002021332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986525,0.0001450058,0.00038053145,0.00060041936,0.00017433363,0.00004721388],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018121279,0.00012089756,0.00019923823,0.000013134214,0.00021666722,0.000016087388,0.0005473909,0.000049791604,0.00006489339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020046828,0.00007968213,0.0006610081,0.00012726105,0.0003182537,0.00009420586,0.00018120815,0.00015921138,0.0000017495],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028396826,0.002040058,0.25496754,0.00005674723,0.0022331127,2.1379203e-9,0.006897515,0.01374138,0.0036418282,0.68925226,0.021229777,0.0056558014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043931464,0.00030651924,0.519488,0.00015442638,0.0010422687,8.4662105e-7,0.020485451,0.3000151,0.05471992,0.0941669,0.004155782,0.0010717063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004713298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.8664665e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5950854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028170027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008045481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3249343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086439365","doi":"10.1086/316494","title":"The Future of Extragalactic Research1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Homogeneous; Astronomy; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Astrophysics; Physics; Astrobiology; Remote sensing; Geography; Statistical physics","score_opus":0.010225789060391576,"score_gpt":0.2574264890228221,"score_spread":0.24720069996243055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086439365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699095,0.000095231655,0.0011266735,0.023904905,0.000093821924,0.0005325233,0.00014050414,0.000009879518,0.0041869506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937331,0.0000067396327,0.00085250085,0.0000025855647,0.00022743802,0.00004840364,0.000007491023,0.000012890873,0.005108816],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984012,0.00018318093,0.00042834785,0.0002047991,0.00039586914,0.00038657789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978773,0.00036157545,0.00029048993,0.0012137302,0.00016716454,0.00008973354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045194683,0.00013729166,0.00021736576,0.000014999029,0.0005196897,0.000044185672,0.0017948078,0.00004323154,0.00060212304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019231546,0.00007210039,0.0008035758,0.00046977203,0.0012630018,0.0001367927,0.00031537836,0.00048066472,0.000018249462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001385298,0.0011996451,0.5084359,0.000030209085,0.00072437007,1.348443e-9,0.0006638722,0.0014263716,0.0069625475,0.066044345,0.034569092,0.37980512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090728234,0.00009621181,0.8553585,0.000061322804,0.00009444769,1.9209604e-7,0.006613764,0.002851401,0.04009897,0.0066099274,0.087046586,0.0002614192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006006085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012090842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37954372,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004104362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023414032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6592825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086467596","doi":"10.1086/381786","title":"A Fast Algorithm for Cosmic‐Ray Removal from Single Images","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Histogram; Algorithm; Pixel; Cosmic ray; COSMIC cancer database; Noise (video); Image processing; Image (mathematics); Identification (biology); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Physics; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.01591086368167957,"score_gpt":0.24602390052992393,"score_spread":0.23011303684824436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086467596","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010446481,0.000035992925,0.9667147,0.02186121,0.00014506595,0.0004711779,0.00014283582,0.00007977873,0.000102794584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1307001,0.0000023842072,0.86879826,0.000092561415,0.000049151644,0.000064396016,0.00001355814,0.000009171015,0.0002704137],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988298,0.00005643407,0.0003791513,0.00027393023,0.00025619482,0.00020453618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99811405,0.00018290758,0.00036644336,0.0010985786,0.00016758127,0.00007046847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030794035,0.00011268307,0.00017636556,0.000022959193,0.00018931691,0.00008266419,0.0022585716,0.000060220187,0.000012949894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011966536,0.00007592659,0.00045395608,0.0003219268,0.00049163494,0.0003117858,0.00051419315,0.0001398417,0.0000038309386],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013509103,0.0021915655,0.0043848623,0.000055429115,0.00049025874,1.5225138e-8,0.0036521435,0.0017295737,0.31032196,0.009334654,0.11283082,0.55499524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017082416,0.00011210727,0.040713117,0.00010285132,0.00007841673,0.0000027317517,0.0010241779,0.040490434,0.8801993,0.030357096,0.004847619,0.00036388775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006311751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.98658e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5698774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014815404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013942162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41970256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086822982","doi":"10.1086/661187","title":"Calibration and Performance of the Photon-counting Detectors for the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) of the Astrosat Observatory1","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Detector; Telescope; Observatory; Optics; Centroid; Calibration; Photon counting; Photon flux; Field of view; Wavelength; Photon; Astronomy; Computer science","score_opus":0.012804861760248207,"score_gpt":0.18032093312212666,"score_spread":0.16751607136187846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086822982","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99689066,0.00009705966,0.00077015156,0.0013930672,0.00019522352,0.000490996,0.00007213193,0.000019561334,0.00007113468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99840915,0.000009312403,0.0014280307,0.000015725147,0.00003055596,0.00003208291,0.0000015831442,0.000020590745,0.000052954638],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990898,0.000045126,0.00037857887,0.00013211992,0.00016077001,0.00019365276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998546,0.00016781407,0.00033254435,0.00083940045,0.00009207673,0.000022162014],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036655721,0.00013265933,0.00017165333,0.000012381242,0.0002940899,0.00002489546,0.0010080277,0.00004136182,0.000007261794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007453686,0.000064698615,0.00036998166,0.000250968,0.00062796054,0.00016411857,0.0001837814,0.000206667,1.7554558e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012667167,0.000049033522,0.91234887,0.000118719356,0.00012041576,1.8771898e-10,0.002135897,0.0057821022,0.0766687,0.00028835493,0.0011419429,0.0013333012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001679051,0.0000064635797,0.74123365,0.000061816136,0.00006737097,4.948676e-7,0.0012096455,0.090872146,0.16593277,0.00006041238,0.00031778534,0.00006952592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006523493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055318824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1711152,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045227225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049650876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26383328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093717263","doi":"10.1086/666480","title":"The Carina Project. V. The Impact of NLTE Effects on the Iron Content","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Metallicity; Astrophysics; Physics; Stars; Galaxy; Abundance (ecology); Spectral line; Ionization; Red-giant branch; Red giant; Astronomy; Ion","score_opus":0.025303229669437346,"score_gpt":0.2490993141684754,"score_spread":0.22379608449903804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093717263","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97857124,0.0002696915,0.00006452123,0.013699724,0.00025066064,0.0009739665,0.00006090519,0.000008326218,0.006100986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990339,0.000009750508,0.00005738913,0.000015850728,0.0002110924,0.00008667442,0.0000075101566,0.000011623222,0.00056620967],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987352,0.0002434131,0.00031996382,0.00013948893,0.00022315749,0.0003387677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965712,0.0016554547,0.0004855998,0.0011522515,0.0000962731,0.000039249335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006602011,0.00018005131,0.00023067475,0.000010383074,0.0006778285,0.00003921984,0.0010982121,0.00003695397,0.000024395338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007555247,0.0000630914,0.000861882,0.00020307311,0.0006825598,0.00006692778,0.00028759695,0.00029067503,0.000007071942],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017078257,0.00015008496,0.97114164,0.000007851823,0.00047951692,1.4937199e-10,0.0012441692,0.00014421876,0.0001655435,0.0048018433,0.020711359,0.0011367267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019607124,0.000040819712,0.99314755,0.000016122789,0.00011077325,1.7332577e-7,0.002330146,0.00022766666,0.0016149426,0.0003315838,0.0019154145,0.000068716254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007221766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029604146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022005962,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006013605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008461726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52133775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096534716","doi":"10.1086/316548","title":"Updated Information on the Local Group","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Discovery Air (Canada); Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"","keywords":"Local Group; Globular cluster; Physics; Dwarf galaxy; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Group (periodic table); Galaxy group; Star cluster; Galaxy formation and evolution","score_opus":0.007937498353619522,"score_gpt":0.19144281208250838,"score_spread":0.18350531372888887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2096534716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90823436,0.000022790737,0.0012643143,0.031626187,0.00017554683,0.00053325156,0.000111130415,0.00002326041,0.058009163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989334,0.0000023450023,0.00020467096,0.00006717769,0.00006357865,0.000022874157,0.000054717162,0.0000049588843,0.0006462938],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922633,0.00006385618,0.00028358187,0.00009811509,0.00016453552,0.00016359365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890745,0.0001738032,0.00020950631,0.0006278031,0.00005309808,0.000028360928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019587432,0.00010902113,0.0001330921,0.000010368787,0.00033401893,0.00003338151,0.00064187776,0.000032054533,0.00078815914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009625687,0.0000556231,0.00033059547,0.00020773702,0.0004009425,0.0001324202,0.000092372255,0.00018462454,0.000065566936],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014687085,0.00011574213,0.91119105,0.000003829398,0.00020618159,1.0433025e-10,0.00057159364,0.0020849581,0.0000093309045,0.010433059,0.066640794,0.008728744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020449604,0.000014172128,0.95263064,0.000008790154,0.00004466268,9.501973e-8,0.0011979514,0.0022253424,0.0002896913,0.00086376077,0.042449236,0.00007114723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011458474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010822968,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.090699024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027272421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031475643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.862979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096875730","doi":"10.1086/668058","title":"The Coordinated Radio and Infrared Survey for High-Mass Star Formation (The CORNISH Survey). I. Survey Design","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Galactic plane; Jansky; Astrophysics; Stars; Galaxy; Star formation; Astronomy; Radio galaxy","score_opus":0.032098547429151,"score_gpt":0.23902432193372494,"score_spread":0.20692577450457394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2096875730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8425166,0.00008188411,0.15132338,0.002369534,0.0002544221,0.0011564345,0.0022316277,0.000013996639,0.000052117146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978083,0.000006252008,0.0013777242,0.0000072991606,0.000058567468,0.00011925522,0.00029772046,0.000015033051,0.0003098893],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814296,0.00070326636,0.00049897924,0.0001366854,0.00018407835,0.00033402376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99620074,0.0019307345,0.0006760445,0.00067185477,0.000461782,0.0000588281],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028988018,0.00016911064,0.00025313362,0.000013309881,0.0012070358,0.000111733774,0.0007390558,0.000043150296,0.000009117875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015704928,0.00008756214,0.0002564055,0.0003492852,0.0005494903,0.0003334538,0.00023639797,0.00018624212,0.000002829363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006465857,0.00013484438,0.9415526,0.000009977504,0.00041553658,4.472441e-11,0.00092486106,0.0006578383,0.00011586003,0.005218904,0.049639955,0.0012649692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036202092,0.000017843538,0.9907545,0.000004708732,0.000036855476,3.1296747e-8,0.0010621076,0.004662994,0.0004750525,0.0011753368,0.001352373,0.00009618358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000495228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023012804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15529166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005346017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008225866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92836654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097820826","doi":"10.1086/518128","title":"Spectroscopic Determination of Radius Changes of Cepheid Variable Stars","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Variable star; RADIUS; Astrophysics; Stars; Physics; Astronomy; Computer science","score_opus":0.010429345421653715,"score_gpt":0.2076987995059834,"score_spread":0.1972694540843297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097820826","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9602792,0.000035164237,0.037940096,0.00076585903,0.000136775,0.00025044053,0.000059780567,0.000016004164,0.000516672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550309,0.0000067333826,0.044808857,0.0000028892046,0.0000260362,0.000009837905,0.000014026989,0.000010745261,0.00008994772],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991472,0.000020783542,0.00044888505,0.00009502855,0.00013270238,0.00015544733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990069,0.000090317706,0.00033165183,0.0004454122,0.000095370306,0.000030318111],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029407546,0.00008965997,0.00018433866,0.000036319765,0.00005686192,0.0000069226458,0.00045242635,0.000058499834,0.000047795358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029385916,0.00006841713,0.00018863678,0.00034243273,0.000232034,0.00012690424,0.00007925576,0.00010061815,7.861896e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023502615,0.00035550474,0.4091432,0.00024558144,0.00024867823,5.4299e-10,0.0011596902,0.018277474,0.5403404,0.0143689,0.0020555845,0.013781418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028845735,0.000035460525,0.7237163,0.000035020214,0.000046723533,9.4086154e-8,0.0006408587,0.017772684,0.2560768,0.0003869827,0.00092304044,0.00007753993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033658216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006326554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3145731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011246276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037716305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27899694},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116080594","doi":"10.1086/322153","title":"Long‐Term<i>VRI</i>Photometry of Small‐Amplitude Red Variables. I. Light Curves and Periods","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Aurora College; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Light curve; LYN; Astrophysics; Photometry (optics); Stars; Amplitude; Variable star; Astronomy; Optics","score_opus":0.013933751369438932,"score_gpt":0.2227045123805106,"score_spread":0.20877076101107167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116080594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97604746,0.00092430087,0.0015067719,0.009794139,0.00016421902,0.00046179272,0.000086318505,0.000015099686,0.010999878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99753517,0.00007312548,0.0015166695,0.000019067023,0.0000720702,0.000021785774,0.000022297174,0.000010972452,0.00072881737],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989474,0.000065059714,0.00040056562,0.00021597129,0.00015333146,0.00021770126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984891,0.00019935948,0.0004121508,0.00072916195,0.00011223868,0.00005803639],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026718952,0.00015492945,0.00032634256,0.000025913441,0.00020255368,0.00002544016,0.00061031984,0.00004757922,0.00014593877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003172874,0.00010341968,0.0003681372,0.00032070398,0.00042650683,0.00007503322,0.0002921251,0.00016306646,0.0000015697315],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008165166,0.00015642254,0.9937268,0.000050550403,0.00029738736,9.246478e-10,0.0002639152,0.000031073632,0.000474052,0.00041741226,0.004083606,0.0004906182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027144482,0.000014026551,0.99542063,0.00006104706,0.00012292611,6.165929e-7,0.00030363136,0.00009978304,0.001241326,0.00024081643,0.0021311613,0.00009259031],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000110929745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002139786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021487715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021139469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000596973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42173323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120002246","doi":"10.1086/379106","title":"Classifications of the Host Galaxies of Supernovae, Set II","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Supernova; Galaxy; Physics; Astrophysics; Homogeneous; Astronomy","score_opus":0.01831550573037789,"score_gpt":0.22627027027578622,"score_spread":0.20795476454540834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120002246","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882415,0.000048491296,0.00043752135,0.008297572,0.00013366668,0.0003327351,0.00054010376,0.0000069656926,0.00196144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967403,0.00000230866,0.0015892752,0.0000049916707,0.0000397413,0.000032395943,0.000019877756,0.000014837975,0.0015562704],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986474,0.00011783048,0.0005787483,0.00020381314,0.00024098148,0.00021125516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975811,0.000149071,0.0005288808,0.0014527189,0.00024303113,0.000045147706],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002882463,0.000151968,0.0002871782,0.000021423624,0.00033518887,0.000017861652,0.0013054933,0.00006162938,0.00028006086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046990845,0.00008728408,0.00085935026,0.00047391583,0.0009273229,0.00010725684,0.00031090737,0.00022175019,0.0000027278347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022048134,0.00026256958,0.96313494,0.000008555259,0.00016217168,5.78372e-11,0.0007559273,0.00011447779,0.0123892035,0.018761689,0.004311325,0.00009692397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022851604,0.0000109874845,0.96007586,0.000022408742,0.00007084899,6.8342395e-8,0.0029566872,0.00010835167,0.028753893,0.0008566363,0.006835913,0.00007984466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025046253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005343211,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01790505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035098685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021289702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35593417},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120572074","doi":"10.1086/656285","title":"First Assessment of Mountains on Northwestern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, as Potential Astronomical Observing Sites","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of British Columbia; National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Arctic; Permafrost; The arctic; Automatic weather station; Geology; Physical geography; Wind speed; Meteorology; Remote sensing; Climatology; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.013043212841810934,"score_gpt":0.22245055365750455,"score_spread":0.20940734081569362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120572074","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892293,0.000019222301,0.00022395997,0.009250819,0.0002638245,0.00026399156,0.00039026485,0.000011039791,0.00034752875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99490494,0.0000075523208,0.0046520513,0.000031493622,0.000088821515,0.000006458045,0.00006465164,0.0000056866957,0.00023836903],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881756,0.000043442076,0.00042803158,0.00022575888,0.00025050616,0.00023471517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984248,0.00024365628,0.00041812687,0.0007428684,0.00010261656,0.00006787593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023279045,0.00014436945,0.00023622389,0.000014428896,0.00042242275,0.000036741647,0.0009795561,0.000077066856,0.000730074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004610622,0.00009277427,0.00048482133,0.00024626116,0.00046052973,0.00011383043,0.00016455345,0.00031037992,0.000009144733],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007258172,0.000097359116,0.9672435,0.000008900274,0.00008060535,1.216899e-9,0.0001626551,0.030081207,0.00027081856,0.00040574878,0.0013618765,0.00028005408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020290824,0.000039666807,0.96932155,0.000011429753,0.000039202227,3.4906827e-7,0.0011014153,0.027037403,0.00011874661,0.000094748044,0.0019522475,0.00008030661],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000927063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005222849,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009219325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001831485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012332699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7993798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121841945","doi":"10.1086/653500","title":"H<scp>I</scp>Column Densities, Metallicities, and Dust Extinction of Metal-Strong Damped Lyα Systems1","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Metallicity; Quasar; Astrophysics; Physics; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Spectral line; Population; Telescope; Equivalent width; Astronomy; Emission spectrum; Stars; Galaxy; Optics","score_opus":0.012833701959323415,"score_gpt":0.23177587838527236,"score_spread":0.21894217642594893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121841945","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990518,0.000033363496,0.0062877317,0.00082891504,0.00016396052,0.0004906924,0.00028108564,0.000014438256,0.0013818141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947179,0.0000010059795,0.0027386076,0.0000027437218,0.00018901132,0.00007304191,0.000029879418,0.000020617419,0.002227186],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982814,0.00013725077,0.00057091314,0.00030035424,0.00033735053,0.00037269847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99758285,0.00048217783,0.00063769234,0.00094211375,0.00023091333,0.0001242324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000449291,0.00021088912,0.00043112892,0.000040793,0.0003215556,0.000056930356,0.0008814791,0.00008538979,0.000082981984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008624525,0.00014905653,0.0006755938,0.00033674273,0.001161961,0.00024189976,0.00053851306,0.000563971,0.0000043276564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002110194,0.0009867629,0.7849649,0.00012044444,0.0015018664,3.0194078e-9,0.0013014356,0.00070549804,0.12389384,0.07168981,0.0072311605,0.0075831744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001427928,0.00012666397,0.8141584,0.00010082053,0.00049894076,0.0000011165706,0.024734735,0.00971598,0.12768178,0.0023354967,0.018928362,0.0002897886],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025768497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058387354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06935431,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003768777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002151873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60783494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122280847","doi":"10.1086/671758","title":"Quick-MESS: A Fast Statistical Tool for Exoplanet Imaging Surveys","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Planet; Monte Carlo method; Range (aeronautics); Statistical analysis; Bayesian probability; Sampling (signal processing)","score_opus":0.011101373672593166,"score_gpt":0.22349499284086802,"score_spread":0.21239361916827484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122280847","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8404087,0.00015650643,0.11898213,0.025512418,0.00074251066,0.0026783312,0.0018324871,0.000056075256,0.009630829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99313927,0.0000011626211,0.005717528,0.000016064552,0.00012378329,0.000114262024,0.00012144272,0.00001260857,0.00075387856],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989,0.00011497519,0.00035829432,0.0002059855,0.00014355544,0.00027720217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982889,0.00066575763,0.00027529805,0.00058356504,0.00013669323,0.00004977922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037340407,0.0001444134,0.00024244165,0.00001347965,0.00027043954,0.000055542016,0.0005902753,0.000028419097,0.0003169774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005015973,0.000092937604,0.0003324352,0.000119458964,0.00039648518,0.00011010276,0.00018188114,0.00013873722,0.000018619312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000024814026,0.00008527004,0.9475294,0.000013419753,0.00014107686,1.6732335e-10,0.00016490878,0.00010666004,0.000055154884,0.0024006069,0.046530135,0.0029708878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028312815,0.000008473257,0.9913906,0.000009003905,0.000059279773,1.6808288e-7,0.00084092375,0.0031914192,0.00016543399,0.0014668327,0.0024864152,0.00009832375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003681572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002297699,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15273055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026514252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000697734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37898856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126676828","doi":"10.1086/588612","title":"Further Studies of the Photometric Variability of Bright Pulsating Red Giants","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Physics; Amplitude; Astrophysics; Stars; Light curve; Photoelectric effect; Variable star; Wavelength; Astronomy; Optics","score_opus":0.028529184198915876,"score_gpt":0.2467036758768021,"score_spread":0.21817449167788622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126676828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99202806,0.00015311611,0.00012820236,0.003296419,0.00018049548,0.00037785503,0.00008674534,0.0000058762407,0.0037432036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99838805,0.000011755762,0.0011025047,0.000005322855,0.000056560024,0.000017276836,0.0000044183103,0.00000866868,0.0004054235],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862784,0.00017005154,0.00056276197,0.00019404788,0.00025280108,0.00019248121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99724764,0.0006735087,0.00082410075,0.00097163045,0.0002553256,0.000027819198],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050710194,0.00014182366,0.00038738822,0.000027567039,0.00029983796,0.000005707665,0.0008350756,0.00004062091,0.00007839648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021811752,0.00007660208,0.0006405147,0.0006823343,0.0010724332,0.00006546924,0.00037521194,0.0001757243,0.0000012487515],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006094596,0.0001862255,0.99396205,0.000025608593,0.00049621024,2.3511204e-10,0.0015367169,0.00015659245,0.0004061936,0.00023774295,0.0026834994,0.0003030452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023762659,0.00000979332,0.99155027,0.000023124103,0.000098205484,2.0086493e-7,0.0016057419,0.00022308376,0.005172883,0.00072931155,0.00028472536,0.00006503938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014676717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012702073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006359983,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004007464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000091139875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39514247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131039104","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/129/972/025002","title":"The Next Generation Transit Survey—Prototyping Phase","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Queen's University; University of Warwick; University of Leicester","keywords":"Exoplanet; Photometry (optics); Transit (satellite); Telescope; Planet; Computer science; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Physics; Geology; Stars; Engineering; Public transport; Transport engineering","score_opus":0.06481309964644263,"score_gpt":0.27857507893831257,"score_spread":0.21376197929186994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2131039104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640435,0.00016660336,0.003450579,0.026536688,0.00049125997,0.00084256905,0.00012686808,0.000012008238,0.0043299026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99867344,0.000010856177,0.00046831585,0.0000082500555,0.0001996264,0.000047361893,0.000029968582,0.000008511959,0.00055366853],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990991,0.00010922855,0.00029042416,0.00016433632,0.00014387805,0.00019305586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979697,0.00023895837,0.0004595554,0.0011835629,0.000115577546,0.000032643507],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052104064,0.00011724981,0.0001667842,0.0000067114306,0.0017821213,0.00016447717,0.0011185291,0.000032683547,0.000034699526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005741304,0.000064160246,0.00038825674,0.000070860384,0.0005612766,0.00015064105,0.0001671043,0.00015758787,0.000005108402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010285607,0.000083995605,0.98472095,0.0000038540124,0.00020016493,1.5982354e-10,0.0002595553,0.00011402585,0.00033233088,0.0018742234,0.007644621,0.0047559775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039063432,0.000010966882,0.9866315,0.00000740752,0.000053663964,7.00873e-8,0.00033965963,0.0035636157,0.0018467869,0.00040881726,0.0066701584,0.00007667708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003594581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026290923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03462992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002394074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000073086834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99951744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132519530","doi":"10.1086/375571","title":"Automatic Detection of Expanding H<scp>i</scp>Shells Using Artificial Neural Networks","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Underwater Acoustics Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Pixel; Detector; Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Shell (structure); Signature (topology); Physics; Scale (ratio); Pattern recognition (psychology); Identification (biology); Spectral line; Astrophysics; Channel (broadcasting); Computer science; Automatic Identification System; Astronomy; Optics; Geometry; Data mining; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Biology; Engineering","score_opus":0.03013829857538036,"score_gpt":0.24451905905579135,"score_spread":0.214380760480411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2132519530","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9528674,0.000052134503,0.04613586,0.00022510691,0.00018665596,0.00025935046,0.00003113559,0.000012770202,0.00022959684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99473923,0.0000022574548,0.0051433346,0.0000038463318,0.000036347592,0.000001994265,0.000005460747,0.000005117763,0.00006238118],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866927,0.00020199691,0.00040237288,0.00016289593,0.00027321096,0.00029028623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855673,0.0004758566,0.00032670674,0.00048309795,0.00009215112,0.00006544863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005910567,0.000100413745,0.00017861226,0.0000430715,0.00028454026,0.000049313247,0.00060518755,0.000075612035,0.00008448511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023870799,0.00006667798,0.00030547188,0.0005081777,0.00044783295,0.00014645186,0.000060109225,0.00022225485,0.0000030583892],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025491063,0.00006592091,0.27465752,0.000030321173,0.000071667506,1.5076899e-9,0.00035532188,0.7086913,0.01337212,0.00006142823,0.0002535426,0.002438322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007330076,0.00001619433,0.12544225,0.000009744431,0.000028306427,9.824846e-7,0.0009789523,0.8559877,0.016951574,0.0004356702,0.000045039753,0.000030259804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001432685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019800154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14921528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027785896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007981677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27190492},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133308199","doi":"10.1086/653086","title":"The Herschel ATLAS","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":601,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Atlas (anatomy); Physics; Galaxy; Space observatory; Sky; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Spire (mollusc); Infrared; Geology","score_opus":0.007836392723606648,"score_gpt":0.19516894187112965,"score_spread":0.187332549147523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133308199","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98646337,0.00001864937,0.0013947141,0.0106018325,0.00040364562,0.00021964379,0.0000281759,0.00003329571,0.0008366763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936112,0.00000431943,0.005919824,0.0000071794148,0.00006197852,0.000034955763,0.0000063952066,0.0000126852,0.0003414683],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929875,0.00002136388,0.0003081286,0.00009362313,0.00011256759,0.00016557667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989166,0.00011423553,0.00014011054,0.0007295166,0.00006098303,0.000038539667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020422663,0.000089690926,0.00009727207,0.000008861151,0.00029846036,0.00004214394,0.00085744576,0.00005881798,0.000034597866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042047555,0.000049795046,0.000324844,0.00021215368,0.0004112658,0.00013605478,0.00013266043,0.0002885893,0.0000094973075],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000116711,0.00020615218,0.68128014,0.000037242567,0.00044633448,2.6721453e-10,0.0007911671,0.028900236,0.12499499,0.047998708,0.092713825,0.022619544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019195033,0.0000067385186,0.8960268,0.00000634777,0.000026950396,1.7516028e-7,0.0006173867,0.037986316,0.014169961,0.0006636434,0.050213393,0.000090335925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000168652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010916933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21474668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047536483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038849903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2295546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133921100","doi":"10.1086/316585","title":"Long‐Term<i>VRI</i>Photometry of 89 (V441) Herculis","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Aurora College; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Physics; Astrophysics; Radial velocity; Amplitude; Light curve; Astronomy; Variable star; Telescope; Stars; Optics","score_opus":0.011099258659257797,"score_gpt":0.2214820170891146,"score_spread":0.21038275842985682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133921100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97714025,0.00013283917,0.00016679618,0.0027785066,0.000118855125,0.00028374002,0.00011950503,0.000011563625,0.01924792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99691814,0.000012207972,0.0007448847,0.000014286488,0.00009662657,0.000017388773,0.000025810094,0.000011761438,0.002158902],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988799,0.00006454417,0.0004222111,0.00019912556,0.00020623657,0.00022794497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984555,0.00018782636,0.0003395543,0.0008727152,0.00009167747,0.000052696952],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019326167,0.00015286365,0.0003011809,0.000022023141,0.00019298638,0.000019570065,0.000840602,0.000049987662,0.000994709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013846608,0.000100709745,0.00067261275,0.00036006776,0.0005179418,0.00008933619,0.00015741253,0.00018378344,0.00001849514],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009017124,0.00019070202,0.9885847,0.000016196444,0.0002875595,4.4455448e-10,0.00036580535,0.00021575106,0.00016552216,0.00024776108,0.007084935,0.00283205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002684979,0.000012898032,0.9938321,0.000019093432,0.000095106916,2.1964927e-7,0.0003486782,0.00014241651,0.0026038287,0.00023016082,0.0023576063,0.0000893811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016517633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017233406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019777857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027302887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138368903","doi":"10.1086/659879","title":"The 10 Meter South Pole Telescope","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":702,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cosmic microwave background; Physics; South Pole Telescope; Telescope; Bolometer; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Neutrino; Dark energy; Galaxy; Cosmic background radiation; Offset (computer science); Optics; Detector; Cosmology","score_opus":0.02522428280005754,"score_gpt":0.223256389008888,"score_spread":0.19803210620883047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138368903","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894941,0.00003531846,0.00037790844,0.0063662482,0.0001483649,0.00020378047,0.000041311363,0.000028985936,0.0033040054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99592584,4.918677e-7,0.0021750487,0.000008899643,0.00005867843,0.000038139442,0.0000033517106,0.00001240532,0.0017771628],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913657,0.00006718813,0.00028852647,0.00016829932,0.000104719504,0.00023470321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983488,0.00010205496,0.00026243602,0.0011593646,0.0000928549,0.000034492838],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029188226,0.000111884096,0.0001514092,0.000013931045,0.00040787205,0.000024903546,0.0013748218,0.00005179816,0.00028342192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030082358,0.00005759027,0.00051613635,0.00024817666,0.00071741844,0.00007910692,0.00037847992,0.00024135759,0.00003155834],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028075879,0.00016781843,0.9557488,0.0000045756974,0.00030214983,2.1199772e-10,0.00183305,0.000016068054,0.001744836,0.030924797,0.006454665,0.002800437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009933332,0.00006623907,0.7195815,0.000047528723,0.00031766848,8.609526e-7,0.11622353,0.00070642546,0.09672311,0.021608528,0.043239255,0.0004920207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020375918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018771522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2361673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021287144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006948621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3137063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138707519","doi":"10.1086/513882","title":"Jitter Correction Algorithms for the<i>COROT</i>Satellite Mission: Validation with Test Bench Data and<i>MOST</i>On‐Orbit Photometry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Jitter; Exoplanet; Algorithm; Asteroseismology; Physics; Satellite; Decorrelation; Computer science; Remote sensing; Stars; Astronomy","score_opus":0.025944247101609544,"score_gpt":0.2599366014054305,"score_spread":0.23399235430382098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138707519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8159201,0.0010978339,0.09443745,0.06253981,0.002526494,0.005252973,0.0013757284,0.00010131048,0.016748294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996073,0.00001424789,0.0027050732,0.000047591187,0.00020455239,0.000023047565,0.00013453866,0.000013523564,0.0007843994],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898696,0.000029871566,0.0002975261,0.00027684472,0.00019348394,0.00021533559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971984,0.0012974795,0.00034275197,0.0009895983,0.00012318644,0.000048571655],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054492796,0.0001510468,0.00017783092,0.000022293552,0.00047504492,0.00004997499,0.00069917925,0.000042498457,0.00003257842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050451777,0.000079808444,0.00015597303,0.0003097725,0.00032295156,0.000120456134,0.00021885926,0.00018406923,0.000002414197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023011342,0.00013108324,0.96887547,0.000008306324,0.00017326507,5.650756e-10,0.00024507326,0.0001119102,0.000087651286,0.00009990426,0.017133586,0.013110741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044287826,0.00005273881,0.96427315,0.000027891367,0.00016801532,0.0000010984796,0.0015448108,0.00521732,0.004221509,0.00014836947,0.023778103,0.00012412164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000075839824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020774619,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18015291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002581189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047127447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36537093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139013035","doi":"10.1086/428278","title":"On the Progenitor of the Type II Supernova 2004et in NGC 6946","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supernova; Galaxy; Red supergiant; Supergiant; Spiral galaxy; Pair-instability supernova; Absolute magnitude; Telescope; Progenitor","score_opus":0.013593766485726064,"score_gpt":0.22334126754111305,"score_spread":0.20974750105538698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139013035","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95591074,0.000031530646,0.00004482078,0.042111974,0.00012690123,0.00043042618,0.00013742979,0.0000060816806,0.0012001187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981175,0.0000010460536,0.0004692358,0.00004174491,0.00014818317,0.000034492514,0.000008755927,0.000014312671,0.0011647363],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988657,0.00009878857,0.0003982521,0.00018847077,0.000221706,0.00022705013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982927,0.00016492415,0.0002465653,0.0011483068,0.00011357466,0.000033952314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030063544,0.00014141832,0.00019845126,0.000015543534,0.00026100987,0.000024318388,0.0014643555,0.000051967694,0.00039717485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000349252,0.00006663649,0.0005392394,0.00040309224,0.00043716305,0.00008284826,0.00039245049,0.00030840727,0.000011316257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011537343,0.00048620134,0.96392673,0.0000038614003,0.00013769002,2.376054e-10,0.0009608351,0.0010679512,0.0028081867,0.0094001265,0.019727958,0.0014689012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035830127,0.000024515206,0.9667203,0.000032378593,0.000044349275,7.052956e-8,0.0015216725,0.00087983673,0.010451761,0.0010852391,0.018771674,0.000109934495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021530704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010273492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042206775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057750283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014312942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4348786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146411165","doi":"10.1086/658676","title":"Water in Star-forming Regions with the<i>Herschel Space Observatory</i>(WISH). I. Overview of Key Program and First Results","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":268,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Stockholms Universitet; Chalmers Tekniska Högskola; University of Waterloo; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Protostar; Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Energy budget; Outflow; Space observatory; Young stellar object; Star formation; Astronomy; Protoplanetary disk; Infrared; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03762574545596259,"score_gpt":0.2347967738374391,"score_spread":0.19717102838147652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2146411165","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98687476,0.000053034863,0.00059165916,0.010811337,0.000023832315,0.00051827147,0.00012621065,0.000008658636,0.000992225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944635,0.0000065180134,0.005255429,0.0000065414297,0.000017856604,0.000068599584,0.000011747834,0.000008864241,0.00016095946],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991338,0.00004231697,0.0003458616,0.00014440567,0.00013824958,0.00019533877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988437,0.000055244847,0.00036870677,0.0005805869,0.000119423836,0.00003232765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025199619,0.00012316628,0.0002136021,0.000013798195,0.00024306292,0.000018942957,0.0004601932,0.000025370518,0.000009907397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000053364106,0.00005839469,0.00023245827,0.00021876219,0.0005493257,0.00017478029,0.0002921697,0.00016063255,0.0000010059557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012318963,0.0011254909,0.8734022,0.0001336653,0.0007574809,2.6696054e-9,0.0376309,0.00052414316,0.0004700284,0.07264336,0.009923712,0.0032658621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001157459,0.00009722398,0.9447102,0.00012941856,0.0001164994,1.6347904e-7,0.02099569,0.0013795029,0.003147235,0.002898704,0.025153924,0.00021401315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000289575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021244638,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07130801,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020402886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042004078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23812664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151294996","doi":"10.1086/526794","title":"MegaPipe: The MegaCam Image Stacking Pipeline at the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline (software); Calibration; Remote sensing; Computer science; Computer vision; Telescope; Image processing; Artificial intelligence; Environmental science; Image (mathematics); Geology; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.02674902574681252,"score_gpt":0.21403286075675618,"score_spread":0.18728383500994367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151294996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95478636,0.000079772166,0.0018214708,0.041134883,0.00026022273,0.0005700197,0.00066556956,0.000040898132,0.00064079766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99448323,0.0000101347205,0.004383914,0.000041290194,0.00012718601,0.000026076264,0.00020415311,0.000029759705,0.00069426285],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984295,0.00009908343,0.0005696196,0.00026383795,0.00023471196,0.0004032844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972608,0.00018043243,0.00024851522,0.0020887826,0.00010237385,0.00011908222],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043678912,0.00019837375,0.00021098855,0.000025317466,0.0010889997,0.00007306916,0.0025122818,0.00008703176,0.00017620898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078129175,0.00010815933,0.0003523517,0.00034472154,0.0009691002,0.00036472414,0.0006930174,0.00040536176,0.000027298964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016805487,0.00014838281,0.47986278,0.000027992333,0.00045619192,5.035536e-9,0.0015608631,0.08198102,0.0041003567,0.0023842554,0.42583686,0.003624479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004115691,0.0000074096074,0.762464,0.000017711734,0.00009793917,0.00000157856,0.0014054289,0.15965869,0.0034497348,0.00007047093,0.072213836,0.00020166289],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029250812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046288488,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35362303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054632645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024549238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83758146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169720040","doi":"10.1086/427538","title":"A Revised Geometry for the Magnetic Wind of<i>θ</i><sup>1</sup>Orionis C","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; RADIUS; Radiative transfer; Stars; Magnetic field; Outflow; Redshift; Astronomy; Optics","score_opus":0.010770814787204432,"score_gpt":0.22344883670015409,"score_spread":0.21267802191294966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169720040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95674044,0.00028139225,0.019784566,0.020493308,0.00008773009,0.0010546922,0.00062179373,0.000014429194,0.0009216305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99406075,0.000005579209,0.004967559,0.00001562907,0.00017757824,0.00006204567,0.000014255084,0.000011664974,0.0006849355],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894786,0.00003914824,0.0004728215,0.00014695174,0.0001875733,0.00020564867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99823916,0.0002592454,0.00048356736,0.0007804506,0.0002032473,0.0000343518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002832896,0.00013403477,0.0002469871,0.000018619565,0.00041817804,0.0000318061,0.00083939254,0.00003044477,0.00008047322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020733429,0.000074466036,0.00084320427,0.00032872197,0.00047140993,0.00012126841,0.00026647744,0.00014729546,0.0000051931015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008546358,0.0014728777,0.5753464,0.00015562771,0.0025352524,2.7791233e-10,0.00785106,0.10638538,0.0016681948,0.114376396,0.10917182,0.080951504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030702213,0.00016835975,0.5935114,0.0001123034,0.0008392583,3.4167644e-7,0.022055345,0.11077135,0.004430926,0.00807224,0.25636417,0.00060409267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002582135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.1941897e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14719234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033062493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007797279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32163298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170121753","doi":"10.1086/597766","title":"Mauna Kea Sky Transparency from CFHT SkyProbe Data1","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Environmental science; Transparency (behavior); Limiting magnitude; Attenuation; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Optical telescope; Telescope; Geography; Physics; Astronomy; Computer science; Optics","score_opus":0.015014274817478138,"score_gpt":0.22396005252251844,"score_spread":0.2089457777050403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170121753","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9411076,0.00006427333,0.032003213,0.02027472,0.00017216268,0.00043933187,0.0007835739,0.000022906834,0.0051322747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98774105,0.0000014598228,0.0114769265,0.000022014177,0.00013068455,0.000005518996,0.00007968914,0.000011283733,0.0005313421],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989187,0.00004832707,0.0003829671,0.0002475083,0.00016968315,0.00023279118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984346,0.00007023481,0.0003367148,0.0010068887,0.00008715665,0.0000643965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013759952,0.0001469393,0.00022820472,0.000013568872,0.00024575408,0.000038565937,0.000878916,0.000046418532,0.000107425214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008468702,0.00010208079,0.0005628434,0.00019638217,0.0002705153,0.00014611105,0.00013122633,0.00021950844,0.0000075512294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004182591,0.0017204373,0.7734729,0.000016409329,0.00087632745,3.2046885e-9,0.0027074034,0.005479119,0.030541336,0.12354724,0.033118438,0.028478563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045698366,0.00002357892,0.9586338,0.00003846018,0.00012346597,7.452599e-8,0.0012111499,0.0075348034,0.005582674,0.020165782,0.0060255094,0.00020373234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014022963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016168963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18516089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037067697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074668176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4162734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172225503","doi":"10.1086/650399","title":"Kepler Asteroseismology Program: Introduction and First Results","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":488,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Space Agency","funders":"Science Mission Directorate; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Asteroseismology; Kepler; Photometry (optics); Physics; Stars; Astronomy; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.01130151487628757,"score_gpt":0.25150511706745865,"score_spread":0.24020360219117107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172225503","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8973028,0.000014399464,0.004664441,0.096405715,0.00010235413,0.00062555756,0.000101006044,0.000022254706,0.00076149934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99446076,6.7610296e-7,0.0042737285,0.00000872363,0.00028600227,0.000036795165,0.00002291957,0.0000067570422,0.00090362894],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998886,0.00006960923,0.00034628942,0.0002664046,0.0001569847,0.000274725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987596,0.00008484428,0.00028250564,0.0007011209,0.0000998329,0.0000720618],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021303442,0.00012756667,0.00019590746,0.000018938332,0.00028164664,0.000039455346,0.0005944165,0.00004246024,0.00004067228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028885763,0.00008164927,0.00033581074,0.00027358028,0.000603027,0.00013445482,0.00024527134,0.00028040665,0.0000045081492],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001864243,0.0025829745,0.5952067,0.000022628357,0.00044750306,1.5345107e-9,0.0010505356,0.0020161658,0.005451625,0.04935733,0.06667238,0.27700576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066117186,0.0001343114,0.96200186,0.000013938245,0.00003813661,2.0381043e-7,0.0006459952,0.0019423162,0.0069317697,0.0022631043,0.025244636,0.00012253161],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003524943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.914625e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36679518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002981525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006151818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33295605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172683199","doi":"10.1086/654826","title":"Self-Correlation Analysis of the Photometric Variability of T Tauri Stars. II. A Survey","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"T Tauri star; Physics; Stars; Astrophysics; Amplitude; Rotation period; Astronomy; Optics","score_opus":0.008418492888392684,"score_gpt":0.21157229896898147,"score_spread":0.20315380608058878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172683199","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99506474,0.0000046150262,0.0024797784,0.0006739564,0.00014359545,0.00029841196,0.00087916857,0.00000569264,0.00045005308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961704,3.579429e-7,0.0035732891,0.0000024540198,0.000019354202,0.000008071388,0.000064032625,0.000004382327,0.00015767067],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860287,0.00022588205,0.0005082308,0.00020849267,0.0002850103,0.00016951047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99706864,0.00051107083,0.00086212007,0.0012830724,0.0002290502,0.00004601488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014442381,0.00011230364,0.0002955036,0.00006701169,0.00022496142,0.000013368445,0.0013753434,0.000056748067,0.00022281685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000119855715,0.00006479135,0.0007659482,0.0026516505,0.00051783054,0.00012601323,0.00032240356,0.00028819297,0.0000010617986],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000037221168,0.0002345615,0.9913439,0.000005316134,0.00034352968,2.6252197e-11,0.00030793162,0.004185317,0.0021243463,0.00088969653,0.0003788834,0.00018280081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098692006,0.00000955194,0.9706324,0.0000028129157,0.0002460881,1.7994907e-8,0.00016347603,0.027064316,0.0013557477,0.00015370881,0.00022184521,0.000051342235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00095696683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030477087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022878999,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022959292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017757817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26421145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174229681","doi":"10.1086/378243","title":"The Age of the Oldest Stars in the Local Galactic Disk from<i>Hipparcos</i>Parallaxes of G and K Subgiants","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Subgiant; Stars; Physics; Astronomy; Disc; Astrophysics; Satellite; Galaxy formation and evolution; Globular cluster; Galaxy","score_opus":0.01222843788432719,"score_gpt":0.21534158127525077,"score_spread":0.20311314339092357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2174229681","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99011064,0.0003539757,0.00020744173,0.0059813517,0.00011931098,0.0004391835,0.000118778524,0.0000031344982,0.0026662005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994707,0.000029306328,0.00024284839,0.000016598584,0.000031208823,0.000023477816,0.0000099031095,0.000008981713,0.00016694986],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985701,0.00030586595,0.0004567209,0.00018380844,0.0002458219,0.00023769119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973924,0.0010684353,0.00047415626,0.0009700489,0.00006684075,0.000028082963],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054695195,0.00015661451,0.00027609192,0.000012129849,0.00032877122,0.00003284955,0.0010315683,0.00004256532,0.000028533697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007885783,0.00006986166,0.00037614367,0.00026825003,0.0014130936,0.00006893818,0.00020142893,0.00026092242,0.0000011878138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011202187,0.00014291042,0.9924037,0.000009519645,0.00018029728,1.1494053e-9,0.0013464687,0.00024271467,0.00017475596,0.0027701056,0.002300259,0.0004180922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003063701,0.000013364349,0.9887572,0.000022998738,0.00009552548,1.9999413e-7,0.00557569,0.00023397693,0.00092587044,0.0020935007,0.0019075949,0.00006770289],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006133235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000067899404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009360102,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025762449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008231963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5206602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174907838","doi":"10.1086/651535","title":"The Herschel Reference Survey","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":301,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Virgo Cluster; Astronomy; Stars; Galaxy formation and evolution; Star formation; Galaxy cluster","score_opus":0.014773479936397084,"score_gpt":0.2237749015775323,"score_spread":0.20900142164113522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2174907838","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99195534,0.000010293014,0.00026039575,0.0062671565,0.00024052618,0.00027440727,0.00013802563,0.000015021848,0.0008388197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974836,0.0000011271386,0.0010151018,0.0000014317174,0.0000787237,0.000044692475,0.00003640915,0.000011494045,0.0013274357],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988379,0.00012859039,0.00041133983,0.00016256726,0.00020751877,0.00025212354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997589,0.0002787601,0.00049890514,0.0013067735,0.00026740506,0.000059155835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008358531,0.00012754375,0.00014496119,0.000012347742,0.000703956,0.00006930987,0.0015609676,0.000050854236,0.0001304083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000075567965,0.00007138414,0.0003424395,0.00032846074,0.00073558,0.00018725161,0.00032492416,0.00039839259,0.000023361488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027479905,0.00006657437,0.9730452,0.000002355214,0.000060511935,1.2501422e-12,0.00022729908,0.000046691828,0.0005557648,0.017091023,0.008789626,0.00011222616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013168936,0.000004408317,0.99112254,0.0000031440788,0.000015278652,5.201015e-8,0.00063909334,0.00091575866,0.0005853507,0.0024687352,0.0040439544,0.000070003356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035935742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000536736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018077351,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042160525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018236338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54143316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175046768","doi":"10.1086/319535","title":"The Potential of White Dwarf Cosmochronology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":759,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"White dwarf; Physics; Milky Way; Astronomy; Massive compact halo object; Astrophysics; Black dwarf; Globular cluster; Dwarf galaxy; Population; Blue dwarf; Stars; Galaxy; Galactic halo; Dark matter halo; Halo","score_opus":0.009173461527639938,"score_gpt":0.21235020577546834,"score_spread":0.20317674424782842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175046768","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9598256,0.00024325661,0.0019864673,0.025436675,0.00041365792,0.0003752516,0.00006252811,0.000012400232,0.011644206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979019,0.00001844419,0.0005611259,0.000008420377,0.000118090196,0.000016846698,0.000012051644,0.000007932537,0.001355193],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901825,0.000081266306,0.00036979472,0.00015170488,0.00014941134,0.00022954703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99841374,0.00021971304,0.00043800895,0.0007773189,0.00011886249,0.0000323278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022471388,0.00011716355,0.0002149318,0.00001229541,0.0005342376,0.000015675303,0.00088482775,0.000042213145,0.00012083097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022955344,0.000064490654,0.0005073583,0.0002014725,0.00083333306,0.000051371604,0.00036625878,0.00017253087,0.0000057282336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011415125,0.00009618932,0.9847864,0.000004012941,0.0002744951,4.0477643e-10,0.000255287,0.00057378365,0.00014314118,0.002252297,0.010277149,0.0013258365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002488486,0.000015147015,0.98650146,0.000006645879,0.00008525949,4.4197927e-7,0.0013216258,0.000639971,0.00047668023,0.0014940851,0.00914778,0.00006208648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001035486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003945029,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038076337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023256636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007259279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41089776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175371367","doi":"10.1086/427982","title":"Searching for Planetary Transits in Galactic Open Clusters: EXPLORE/OC","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Open cluster; Physics; Planet; Exoplanet; Metallicity; Astronomy; Photometry (optics); Stars; Star cluster; Terrestrial planet; Astrophysics; Astrobiology","score_opus":0.037337579515121185,"score_gpt":0.2661625592094652,"score_spread":0.228824979694344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175371367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93799335,0.0001467107,0.002604157,0.044942938,0.0002139931,0.0017983323,0.0001412893,0.000016119875,0.012143095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944825,0.0000033631197,0.0048730387,0.000027267008,0.00012955297,0.00007531587,0.00004659843,0.000011496669,0.00035086868],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898535,0.00007564499,0.00034975953,0.00020608075,0.00012739722,0.00025576496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879664,0.00037573543,0.00021643925,0.00052142417,0.000045234523,0.000044550998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036036485,0.00012936856,0.0002475337,0.000023509168,0.00022133016,0.000047436966,0.0010425721,0.0000345736,0.00007493905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019393718,0.000088057015,0.00032967905,0.00016597708,0.00019422805,0.00020846543,0.00024361104,0.00019582998,0.0000045765537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027954584,0.00017078128,0.98359215,0.000017590146,0.0001635161,3.50049e-10,0.001826785,0.0038247863,0.000042313597,0.0006918429,0.0064782826,0.003164018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008355956,0.000019098112,0.98218805,0.000033763492,0.00006725998,2.2568499e-7,0.0029796169,0.0065515526,0.00055661134,0.0009018321,0.005745794,0.00012060562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025583894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023820468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.056489136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036504644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007720762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3590861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177545076","doi":"10.1086/588487","title":"The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":900,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Physics; Orbital period; Planet; Astronomy; Astrobiology; Astrophysics; Stars","score_opus":0.012848866442599263,"score_gpt":0.2026425837411322,"score_spread":0.18979371729853295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2177545076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99335515,0.00035141248,0.00017933031,0.0048171314,0.00006219422,0.00036180436,0.00036789733,0.000005260316,0.00049981655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999582,0.000029268665,0.00016180634,0.000002669496,0.000049125843,0.000016554946,0.00006585409,0.0000052208593,0.000087483335],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899155,0.0001546149,0.00031781784,0.00016688278,0.00017330147,0.00019580465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983315,0.0007909058,0.00024387542,0.0005313659,0.000060830705,0.00004155812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044209763,0.00012294564,0.0002236076,0.000005737809,0.0007019355,0.000029037263,0.00043478954,0.000038663824,0.00001799107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045157896,0.000059142334,0.00017709292,0.0000973057,0.0022577327,0.000054908884,0.00019773086,0.0002030616,9.33723e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045953253,0.000045434957,0.99577713,0.000010674533,0.00016981082,1.2646699e-9,0.000936962,0.00005221008,0.00008262495,0.00083726307,0.0017347017,0.0003072393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046547016,0.000018380912,0.9939587,0.0000052929886,0.00006055305,0.0000022148886,0.0023062874,0.0011895096,0.00035190943,0.0004020531,0.0011790313,0.000060560335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022328859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046157647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0062268632,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016304666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055263274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.831871},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178427829","doi":"10.1086/499501","title":"Rate of Period Change as a Diagnostic of Cepheid Properties","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Milky Way; Instability strip; Period (music); Instability; Stellar evolution","score_opus":0.017750474905153878,"score_gpt":0.20481332346869963,"score_spread":0.18706284856354574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178427829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99006534,0.00030272742,0.00007551763,0.0052373325,0.000099417666,0.00040461522,0.00008711419,0.000006549383,0.0037213878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989953,0.000006365189,0.00033478127,0.000006140829,0.00010716226,0.000051455292,0.00001575034,0.000008893222,0.0004741604],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991185,0.00006726507,0.000385219,0.00013910914,0.0001243453,0.00016554525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985897,0.00023508778,0.00048203857,0.00053589325,0.0001337751,0.000023512493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017077674,0.000121061086,0.00027775398,0.000016502232,0.00012805616,0.000010824814,0.000510293,0.00003217314,0.0000854482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052296575,0.000074338976,0.0004314027,0.00018347109,0.0005788049,0.00007340306,0.00018580275,0.00009865264,0.000004018309],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008082572,0.00020239038,0.9932524,0.0000315513,0.00015523084,3.329467e-10,0.0008189138,0.00018314984,0.0007732973,0.0018118462,0.0024847463,0.0002783946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022363983,0.000022662281,0.98704636,0.00003724126,0.00009435579,1.1837106e-7,0.0013162154,0.00019061113,0.009242548,0.00076988986,0.0009867306,0.000069647635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001124199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005419731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008929953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016173368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060730283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30314556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2208485803","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/128/970/124401","title":"Campaign 9 of the<i>K2</i>Mission: Observational Parameters, Scientific Drivers, and Community Involvement for a Simultaneous Space- and Ground-based Microlensing Survey","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Regione Campania; Narodowym Centrum Nauki; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Universities Space Research Association; National Natural Science Foundation of China; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Gravitational microlensing; Parallax; Planet; Leverage (statistics); Bulge; Anticipation (artificial intelligence)","score_opus":0.0492069440821313,"score_gpt":0.24249845243697646,"score_spread":0.19329150835484515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2208485803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929264,0.000045761426,0.0013230958,0.004810829,0.00011864791,0.00040616558,0.00032628566,0.0000040964983,0.000038670518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99696517,0.0000017373338,0.0027599195,0.000013598033,0.000017143282,0.000008107833,0.000032381537,0.0000065153436,0.00019541194],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990576,0.0002175626,0.00026442693,0.00016092895,0.00014516561,0.00015434655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99679226,0.0020253067,0.00036975878,0.00057855237,0.000193893,0.00004021922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071561965,0.000115686686,0.00019412849,0.000014303412,0.00077400455,0.00003836903,0.0004123411,0.00003268844,0.000008567643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013506715,0.000060870407,0.00021650232,0.00014592704,0.0010874097,0.00006225511,0.00024851807,0.000120061886,2.0836694e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001597179,0.000113939364,0.99535686,0.000019555153,0.00011449827,1.7238337e-10,0.00054305414,0.00023248595,0.0012670166,0.00024606974,0.001719187,0.0003713809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047978453,0.000021422904,0.99244326,0.000051226612,0.000058727343,1.0086742e-7,0.00113714,0.0014096512,0.0027380504,0.0008135344,0.00077477226,0.00007234967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036038173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022489781,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0047972314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035481626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000101891375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59530956},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2268663264","doi":"10.1086/427046","title":"Measuring Atmospheric Turbulence with a Lunar Scintillometer Array","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Scintillometer; Scintillation; Detector; Turbulence; Physics; Remote sensing; Atmosphere (unit); Optics; Environmental science; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.014680064609249725,"score_gpt":0.19727402183428322,"score_spread":0.1825939572250335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2268663264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95282733,0.000018912864,0.040711742,0.004713755,0.00007101553,0.00024776376,0.000023003573,0.000011287617,0.0013751918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95084774,4.2812178e-7,0.04872063,0.000008106444,0.00005330038,0.0000099475865,0.000002262291,0.0000146083,0.00034294152],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999127,0.000026919688,0.00024214783,0.00019819813,0.00018861683,0.00021716954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987977,0.000037152782,0.00031399616,0.00066756475,0.00013183932,0.000051744486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014478619,0.00013193898,0.00017948824,0.0000058611295,0.00025833616,0.00003467708,0.00055961753,0.000027410271,0.000026073056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008273655,0.000076673736,0.0003757172,0.00030710068,0.00045140323,0.00012319266,0.000144499,0.00018058269,0.0000041324665],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003638603,0.00075386034,0.82752603,0.00003408919,0.0008791522,2.7722813e-9,0.0023958143,0.10441533,0.026949394,0.03370278,0.0011139988,0.0021931776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016566337,0.00008996464,0.90764177,0.00027430645,0.00024618537,0.0000012673645,0.005313789,0.0061958632,0.06557764,0.009448414,0.0030031872,0.00055095373],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008784898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013316974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09821946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007081679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011577022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31266642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2275936023","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/128/967/094401","title":"Transiting Exoplanet Studies and Community Targets for<i>JWST</i>'s Early Release Science Program","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Universities Space Research Association; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Exoplanet; Astrobiology; Physics; Astronomy; Planet","score_opus":0.02518733431477866,"score_gpt":0.2606427858746892,"score_spread":0.23545545155991054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2275936023","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99186784,0.00016406701,0.0006427984,0.006006267,0.00009166592,0.0005020154,0.00008983508,0.000016733422,0.0006187621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962949,0.000007292635,0.0034295314,0.000006743313,0.000054881173,0.000060056256,0.00000494654,0.000006640332,0.00013498568],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991394,0.00008819557,0.00024537614,0.00015854531,0.00013363996,0.00023479357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837583,0.00065800623,0.00023820257,0.00051478,0.00016233597,0.000050821145],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005722245,0.00011557224,0.0002037689,0.000015945683,0.00094882905,0.000033869906,0.00057363446,0.000021808048,0.000005842019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009263612,0.000060558854,0.00020592783,0.00016631425,0.0016684188,0.000130827,0.00022426064,0.00014986616,8.235341e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010232053,0.00010899341,0.9886609,0.000022568265,0.0001640752,1.801657e-10,0.0015661647,0.000013487082,0.0004911125,0.001003171,0.0011134377,0.006845874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036990046,0.000046526206,0.9915207,0.00004005176,0.000075941476,1.806711e-7,0.0030156246,0.00012253973,0.002031921,0.001538957,0.001151138,0.00008652368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009994057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030153012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00675935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002647073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063024025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72977215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2277208279","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/128/964/066001","title":"State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":366,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; FiberTech Optica (Canada)","funders":"Division of Astronomical Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Radial velocity; Field (mathematics); Physics; State (computer science); Astronomy; Geodesy; Astrophysics; Geology; Computer science; Stars; Mathematics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.01553804478749224,"score_gpt":0.2186331994910232,"score_spread":0.20309515470353096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2277208279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96588576,0.00008888237,0.001606468,0.025306987,0.00042103408,0.00038361634,0.00015722979,0.000009301643,0.006140736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743336,0.000007413877,0.0004718873,0.000014862449,0.00008993175,0.00001379421,0.0000026893135,0.0000068958266,0.0019591432],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911016,0.00007888596,0.00032224195,0.00013993893,0.00018168178,0.00016711609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981245,0.0006544393,0.00037699123,0.00072621246,0.000090319474,0.000027578286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019438048,0.000107920285,0.00018850168,0.000011625096,0.0002006359,0.000012924764,0.0007953333,0.000028831233,0.00012899374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000067210254,0.000047981222,0.00048522756,0.00013960467,0.0004506935,0.00007242192,0.00030259232,0.00010588406,0.0000039596016],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001137666,0.00006125447,0.9706866,0.000005776357,0.00015199021,1.03075604e-10,0.0004891824,0.00007676786,0.00043117034,0.00082614296,0.019697396,0.0075623426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000276822,0.000013720101,0.9819501,0.00003273882,0.000047253103,6.328561e-8,0.00036153992,0.0000931328,0.008167708,0.0029149516,0.006077979,0.00006398908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000101660764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031162392,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031547636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024673202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007417147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19566175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2302677969","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa5786","title":"An Adaptive Homomorphic Aperture Photometry Algorithm for Merging Galaxies","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Homomorphic encryption; Homomorphic filtering; Aperture (computer memory); Galaxy; Algorithm; Sky; Telescope; Computer science; Adaptive optics; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Astrophysics; Optics; Image (mathematics); Image enhancement","score_opus":0.014033267142877597,"score_gpt":0.2362128163854031,"score_spread":0.2221795492425255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2302677969","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97548586,0.000025810727,0.018636344,0.004373678,0.00019820109,0.0006593362,0.0003980246,0.000032484524,0.00019023652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97815317,0.0000011144504,0.021058068,0.0000014378087,0.00015991645,0.00013947098,0.00003998687,0.000025364187,0.00042145315],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988518,0.00005499652,0.0003787526,0.00023485823,0.0001985994,0.00028102592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99706876,0.00012692074,0.0008444858,0.0015828694,0.00030006038,0.00007687239],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035435037,0.0001739563,0.00024564096,0.000033265507,0.0013046752,0.00013068726,0.0017554164,0.000059712023,0.00007343147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003563963,0.00012209603,0.0006042219,0.0001770283,0.0007192633,0.0006214065,0.00026835958,0.00019223732,0.000005868456],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004774444,0.00015498923,0.98914695,0.000007904092,0.00015797053,7.965876e-12,0.00051702576,0.000081490536,0.00048066123,0.0067916806,0.002195135,0.0004613997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033281528,0.000023757906,0.9584276,0.000014218443,0.000049094513,1.0372501e-7,0.0018635532,0.035169184,0.0010731532,0.0020983277,0.0008310541,0.000117124604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000119426004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023633686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035087693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000089124354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001347347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2320918558","doi":"10.1086/680998","title":"Elemental Abundance Analyses with DAO Spectrograms XXXVII. The Normal A0 IV Star γ Geminorum","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"","keywords":"Astrophysics; Stars; Spectral line; Physics; Abundance (ecology); Astronomy; Biology","score_opus":0.027243659001650728,"score_gpt":0.25344564650438534,"score_spread":0.2262019875027346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2320918558","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752596,0.00023030455,0.0008410112,0.012028611,0.00016421544,0.00048044827,0.00010233498,0.000020608146,0.010872879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99656314,0.0000027914343,0.0020164081,0.000020247893,0.00016867257,0.0000311816,0.00003697683,0.000011776386,0.001148794],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882144,0.00007277166,0.0003063794,0.00020686237,0.00028434317,0.000308194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846953,0.00013428621,0.00038082508,0.00082728127,0.00011795814,0.000070093345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027349393,0.0001710386,0.00023052076,0.000013242104,0.00036604173,0.00005788053,0.00092934543,0.000027001695,0.00008022341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012506334,0.0000853004,0.0003826813,0.00028974414,0.0007005604,0.000120179706,0.000273092,0.00021877525,0.000009569297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017071918,0.00013662706,0.9804942,0.000003902811,0.0004475986,9.116717e-10,0.0006001219,0.0005822388,0.000047966485,0.0011762577,0.016210731,0.000283295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048499403,0.000050475755,0.97601765,0.00001119401,0.00020310203,5.686811e-7,0.0073913536,0.00077667885,0.0012769108,0.0004257487,0.013228913,0.00013238433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004201171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001891695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021303564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054675933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011236625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34784496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326049847","doi":"10.1086/666670","title":"Exoplanet Searches Around G-Type Giant Stars with Precise Radial Velocity Measurements","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Selkirk College","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Radial velocity; Physics; Stars; Astrophysics; Astronomy","score_opus":0.042550489002968594,"score_gpt":0.23809897523187834,"score_spread":0.19554848622890975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326049847","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904659,0.00013024137,0.00045113536,0.0023165243,0.000242916,0.00042084305,0.00008022626,0.000012286088,0.0058799484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959611,0.000002865521,0.0033581862,0.000006569237,0.00018058017,0.00001633323,0.000037863352,0.00001093621,0.00042554233],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988999,0.00009380653,0.00024361598,0.00015754663,0.00028603885,0.00031912854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99877834,0.0001605943,0.00025873058,0.0006032065,0.00011172412,0.00008737969],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037776562,0.0001469029,0.00021452192,0.000014416338,0.0002796663,0.000028284681,0.0005604272,0.000036013793,0.00009964255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022971919,0.00008676441,0.00021725723,0.00020412017,0.00043012924,0.00013735848,0.00016504421,0.0001910907,0.000010759131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025720627,0.0001857548,0.9894946,0.000008917084,0.00036447923,2.2792382e-10,0.00061320903,0.00028011133,0.0001270431,0.00018915317,0.007866343,0.00084463164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029566232,0.000019520729,0.99352694,0.000012341319,0.0000967647,2.5275324e-7,0.0008725274,0.00022431058,0.0011895353,0.00009145712,0.0035783504,0.00009233501],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016677073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040259083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054952446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055635475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011106793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.353815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2418137391","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/128/968/104503","title":"GrayStarServer: Server-side Spectrum Synthesis with a Browser-based Client-side User Interface","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"ASCII; JavaScript; User interface; NIST; Python (programming language); Asynchronous communication; Source code; Byte; Interface (matter); Rendering (computer graphics)","score_opus":0.011525598269707586,"score_gpt":0.2309822675589317,"score_spread":0.2194566692892241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2418137391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9209872,0.0000069001585,0.05537461,0.022260388,0.000055346627,0.00048468323,0.0002601317,0.00002493456,0.0005458277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952183,4.0082753e-7,0.0031267235,0.000008517354,0.000096761236,0.00012003695,0.0000057332463,0.00002978399,0.0013937557],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808455,0.00016493099,0.000451093,0.00039358615,0.00038722125,0.0005186139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99738646,0.00045174678,0.00045725078,0.0014171265,0.00013951189,0.000147923],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028256257,0.0002527756,0.00034568147,0.000034359287,0.00028691234,0.000054226435,0.0015969427,0.00005210916,0.000295596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038006652,0.00012742024,0.0008369779,0.00042334336,0.0009095145,0.0002564695,0.0004687747,0.00028677494,0.000032231957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009835537,0.0006843944,0.9706967,0.000018037028,0.00041556268,2.737632e-9,0.000087080036,0.001738695,0.008376129,0.008024568,0.002690368,0.007170129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011558927,0.0001061117,0.6582351,0.0002540662,0.00013905767,1.6039431e-7,0.0010463914,0.001008903,0.33190736,0.0011993566,0.004612983,0.00033465054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001724679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000088477955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32353124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012394431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030128003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5196046},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2470409932","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/129/971/014001","title":"Knot a Bad Idea: Testing BLISS Mapping for<i>Spitzer Space Telescope</i>Photometry","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"BLISS; Knot (papermaking); Subpixel rendering; Sensitivity (control systems); Atlas (anatomy); Monte Carlo method; Polynomial","score_opus":0.02156847419588368,"score_gpt":0.229084035996433,"score_spread":0.20751556180054934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2470409932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94222903,0.00014966083,0.017452601,0.02543539,0.00041576102,0.0010310514,0.00024772648,0.000044439363,0.01299434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872635,0.000002098334,0.010918982,0.000016971037,0.00019560772,0.000065831664,0.0000073887536,0.000017191614,0.0015124177],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880946,0.000049781684,0.00038611062,0.00026218258,0.00017005295,0.0003223908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997628,0.00092891854,0.00045136551,0.00074288464,0.00018943168,0.000059423757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033497167,0.00017339508,0.0002793928,0.000031847,0.00035335572,0.00003553085,0.0007640994,0.000047648216,0.000068295005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016696271,0.000095631825,0.00053113594,0.00041202095,0.00037552064,0.00012096604,0.00030552552,0.00013128445,0.000009230042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049974656,0.00007629282,0.98038393,0.000015015725,0.00020563162,2.7080327e-10,0.00018612565,0.000045064862,0.0021646915,0.0013059037,0.012905367,0.0027069733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004644132,0.000014251009,0.98292756,0.00006695687,0.00007409063,2.424068e-7,0.00066963484,0.00030028023,0.0038636837,0.0013549956,0.010127378,0.00013651073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008885922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000113178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045034483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005061759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009173112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38997528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2478790664","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/128/970/125001","title":"The<i>BRITE</i>Constellation Nanosatellite Mission: Testing, Commissioning, and Operations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Royal Military College of Canada; University of Toronto; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Stars; Space exploration; Space (punctuation); Satellite; Orbit (dynamics); Sensitivity (control systems)","score_opus":0.017356840835928238,"score_gpt":0.22478124882344716,"score_spread":0.20742440798751893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2478790664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9030013,0.0007934528,0.001632304,0.06324916,0.0004451388,0.00080947805,0.00009875056,0.000039009745,0.029931376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996079,0.000021008256,0.0014994724,0.000010426992,0.00009062781,0.0000068227837,0.000005261137,0.000007960315,0.0022794036],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908984,0.000089281995,0.00033004998,0.00017083231,0.00014045287,0.00017953495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822843,0.0007717953,0.00023437095,0.00057980546,0.00012867118,0.000056938337],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002603862,0.00012051518,0.00014854706,0.000010521318,0.0009193196,0.000055448854,0.00045018492,0.00003541859,0.000057631027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008148307,0.000053902953,0.00019905217,0.00017211448,0.0006356508,0.000093495095,0.00022891087,0.000108593194,0.0000042971005],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031145623,0.00003704187,0.9821419,0.0000035497003,0.00008004367,2.1291234e-10,0.00018016036,0.00013949898,0.0006751919,0.0019339772,0.00686914,0.007936366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028512802,0.000013135842,0.96246177,0.000056792058,0.000057824487,5.7739607e-7,0.00050416903,0.0011382502,0.0021782718,0.0011973026,0.03200926,0.00009754697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006967327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019006538,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09307769,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020073056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007298269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70707554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2498270926","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/128/969/115006","title":"Gain and Polarization Properties of a Large Radio Telescope from Calculation and Measurement: The John A. Galt Telescope","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan College; National Research Council Canada; University of Calgary; University of Victoria; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Telescope; Optics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Aperture (computer memory); Observatory; Radio telescope; Sky; Remote sensing; Astrophysics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.016128437522063905,"score_gpt":0.20026060600045512,"score_spread":0.1841321684783912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2498270926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96864915,0.00019929548,0.016043741,0.014397519,0.00003762592,0.00045091906,0.00013910928,0.000011298837,0.00007134646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99780077,0.00000489754,0.0019758358,0.000007272904,0.000040798484,0.00004179378,0.0000077132145,0.000010706943,0.00011019354],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999014,0.00009533364,0.00037112078,0.00019111103,0.0001624567,0.00016596269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998718,0.000063284315,0.00041488046,0.000611421,0.00016124363,0.000031144373],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037591447,0.000119607445,0.00019721038,0.000024790499,0.00026200837,0.00002635653,0.00044742625,0.000052679163,0.00002120602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004166107,0.00005808117,0.00016539272,0.00020731549,0.0005823059,0.00017463166,0.00021768414,0.00011281538,7.411612e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009041314,0.00012344574,0.92304355,0.000011325101,0.00018670537,1.4008329e-10,0.0003245937,0.0000645961,0.052934323,0.015373035,0.00062197214,0.0073073986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006425052,0.000017488494,0.9546288,0.00009055562,0.00008302727,1.2194194e-7,0.00076076464,0.001978782,0.038036436,0.0013113988,0.0023484984,0.00010159678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020886365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008702371,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03158526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041919084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009045276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23684813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2512617388","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/129/971/015003","title":"Thermal Infrared Sky Background for a High-Arctic Mountain Observatory","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Observatory; Zenith; Spectrograph; Brightness; Sky brightness; Extrapolation; Infrared; Limiting magnitude","score_opus":0.022651986477635857,"score_gpt":0.2324076506226189,"score_spread":0.20975566414498303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2512617388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9677615,0.000013574599,0.02147654,0.009420061,0.00013474276,0.00045480952,0.00027741937,0.000010234208,0.0004510818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98798615,4.1314993e-7,0.009340933,0.000016291153,0.0001431775,0.00004023198,0.000013296107,0.000019557117,0.0024399348],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990437,0.000053211952,0.00032747193,0.00019810985,0.00013051325,0.0002469903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99838644,0.0002594575,0.00037828874,0.000740254,0.00018450254,0.000051045678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023450133,0.0001354853,0.00019919517,0.000012585388,0.00025179717,0.000028310154,0.00062567927,0.000046025252,0.000083181156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002211715,0.0000734767,0.00052761874,0.0001300604,0.0004219391,0.00015708455,0.00023795255,0.00010066306,0.0000046065193],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004107095,0.00039226204,0.6912345,0.000028411383,0.000596569,4.8457494e-10,0.00042109482,0.0007119219,0.038485467,0.2539098,0.010496129,0.0036827186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011974355,0.000038449933,0.9527724,0.00007437643,0.00011849613,7.1323115e-8,0.0017809763,0.0021614993,0.009352733,0.023572255,0.00868908,0.00024225752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007457594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011123196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26153782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000094992305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011172776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2996293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2579728287","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/129/972/024201","title":"Indicators of Stellar Mass in the Photometric<i>H</i>-band","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Bulge; Red giant; Luminosity; RADIUS; Spectral line; Astronomy; Solar mass; Stellar mass; Giant star; Line (geometry); Star formation; Galaxy","score_opus":0.014564400058851937,"score_gpt":0.2361546212180783,"score_spread":0.22159022115922636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2579728287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738834,0.00010237783,0.00014799513,0.0055875867,0.00014893364,0.00037957943,0.00007531326,0.0000037750988,0.019671038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99926186,0.000008388988,0.00040531435,0.000009285572,0.000062275634,0.000019801118,0.000007544282,0.000007144082,0.0002184092],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895567,0.00008593848,0.00036667113,0.00016044876,0.00023683633,0.00019444982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975094,0.00034718477,0.0007409571,0.0013163291,0.00005732895,0.00002876632],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051601924,0.00012189195,0.00025396375,0.000046469344,0.0003815769,0.000044657514,0.00181694,0.00004346889,0.00005554494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000694246,0.000066876215,0.00042371202,0.00035044848,0.0006963372,0.000085499436,0.00019519856,0.00021275398,0.0000028818886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004552273,0.000117442934,0.9945615,0.00001001741,0.0001365716,5.4838384e-10,0.00061055564,0.00006693199,0.00009413328,0.000736813,0.0030882568,0.00057324395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028358467,0.000009971059,0.9918532,0.000012960595,0.00005712228,6.802792e-8,0.0014311863,0.00007306017,0.0031366202,0.0006395871,0.002440663,0.00006196978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023670356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028264483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025378436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021588628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006474108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33763567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589970292","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa5c7c","title":"Image Subtraction Reduction of Open Clusters M35 &amp; NGC 2158 in the <i>K2</i> Campaign 0 Super Stamp","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Stars; Light curve; Open cluster; Magnitude (astronomy); Image subtraction; Background subtraction; Pipeline (software); Data reduction; Astrometry","score_opus":0.02666343908785176,"score_gpt":0.270200251376835,"score_spread":0.24353681228898325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589970292","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96567166,0.00003356441,0.0006855828,0.018523118,0.00032194972,0.0007756837,0.00009150753,0.00000592359,0.013891028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99750644,0.000007698781,0.001689521,0.000010370603,0.00011175274,0.000041407795,0.00003387427,0.0000094760935,0.00058947183],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889356,0.00012527144,0.0003872576,0.00020512946,0.00019112178,0.00019767774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976545,0.0001695455,0.00065402564,0.0013850477,0.00010854888,0.000028357741],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066589814,0.00013386509,0.00024717793,0.00001899796,0.0005382291,0.0001314468,0.0018456657,0.000044669167,0.00008069053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004611021,0.000080033155,0.00035628493,0.00013164367,0.00063177705,0.0003712002,0.00041345437,0.00024360012,0.000004984692],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020816551,0.00021447137,0.97885823,0.0000119151555,0.00013058062,4.3916687e-10,0.0016693389,0.00024642106,0.00063597574,0.0005847957,0.01716305,0.00046440426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037261998,0.000011269359,0.9889572,0.0000198859,0.00007464192,4.0996346e-7,0.005091824,0.0002773619,0.00087661383,0.00069092104,0.0035426219,0.00008462183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016092273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034130993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031834785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004233832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007740052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41396776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2591887429","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa65ba","title":"Project Overview of the Beijing–Arizona Sky Survey","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Observatory; Beijing; Limiting magnitude; Physics; Astronomy; Telescope; Remote sensing; Data archive; Light pollution; Limiting; Astrophysics; Geography; China; Archaeology; Computer science","score_opus":0.05553192707028735,"score_gpt":0.2849122861032162,"score_spread":0.22938035903292883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2591887429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97537726,0.00021641179,0.00010938579,0.009318012,0.00044602095,0.0006860006,0.00032250758,0.000009222255,0.013515163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985536,0.000010975148,0.0003349072,0.000008551269,0.000084585736,0.000020503318,0.000015850484,0.000010200329,0.0009608349],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988796,0.0001486783,0.0003638877,0.00019140025,0.00021093646,0.00020546908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969758,0.00029320215,0.0008742463,0.0016839557,0.00014529178,0.000027523025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000529797,0.00014383829,0.00028964228,0.000010673825,0.000682001,0.000049179045,0.0018557903,0.00004312449,0.000051712726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000120000026,0.00007729343,0.00066971075,0.00014367845,0.00079088495,0.00009773564,0.00069626805,0.00020031491,0.0000036083522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004686296,0.000105425475,0.9878094,0.000017071803,0.00024672932,1.0116898e-10,0.0002466924,0.000039788916,0.000039342085,0.0017633226,0.00915075,0.00057677383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019858908,0.000008318059,0.9953385,0.000029829367,0.000080600475,7.453528e-8,0.00031800984,0.00015306585,0.00064055045,0.00052784587,0.0026321728,0.000072451774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014370813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003228608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023176316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002528282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014716823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5245469},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593329261","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa65b0","title":"PandExo: A Community Tool for Transiting Exoplanet Science with<i>JWST</i>&amp;<i>HST</i>","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":326,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; James Webb Space Telescope; Python (programming language); Spitzer Space Telescope; Leverage (statistics); Hubble space telescope; Formalism (music); Space observatory","score_opus":0.02937259746905832,"score_gpt":0.2527909505862051,"score_spread":0.22341835311714678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2593329261","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98498696,0.000014708428,0.0031511965,0.005300854,0.00010988682,0.00047704598,0.00016953106,0.000011787018,0.0057780137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955999,0.0000011176667,0.0038875954,0.00001423008,0.00008512203,0.00003648865,0.000024651541,0.000009384254,0.00034148988],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904096,0.00005607447,0.00026044386,0.00017686786,0.00019228272,0.0002733464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99749464,0.00034915688,0.00048619826,0.0014621294,0.0001612475,0.000046627654],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065191265,0.00013775681,0.00022981803,0.000013978794,0.0023680024,0.0001209915,0.0016771723,0.00002877342,0.000020458452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000067787885,0.00008434723,0.00030461754,0.000113825154,0.0019945696,0.00019138184,0.0002734275,0.0002465022,0.000002256728],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000150217975,0.000100807054,0.9944997,0.000017673363,0.00011934962,1.5562027e-10,0.0009727811,0.00023534735,0.000369552,0.0008994729,0.0019952683,0.00077503046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004728435,0.000018903678,0.9927373,0.000026864993,0.000090087735,2.8071682e-7,0.0013735848,0.00046828663,0.0013925662,0.0006204838,0.0026922193,0.0001066115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032646404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001802188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010612944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027552436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013748895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99893075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2608912755","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa632a","title":"BVRI Photometric Analysis and Spectra of the Dwarf Solar Type Algol Binary, V500 Pegasi","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Light curve; Eclipse; Observatory; Astronomy; Orbital period; Roche lobe; Binary star; Solar mass; Spectral line; Primary (astronomy); Stars","score_opus":0.014997208905918396,"score_gpt":0.23751802270960237,"score_spread":0.22252081380368396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2608912755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884014,0.00014783534,0.00026103295,0.005744905,0.00016504507,0.00028796357,0.00008483362,0.0000059088657,0.0049010613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99830824,0.000015924228,0.0008468214,0.0000056970266,0.000067998146,0.000008193157,0.000008944861,0.000007955759,0.0007302479],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990416,0.0000642261,0.00030508116,0.00020401418,0.00019415666,0.00019090934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755794,0.0001912843,0.00067356374,0.0014117501,0.00012252406,0.000042918236],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002646611,0.00013720192,0.0003175806,0.000049304537,0.00062532356,0.000055807737,0.0011939039,0.000041944815,0.00009600923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071990165,0.00007766697,0.0006722961,0.00059858296,0.0007290113,0.00009133742,0.00048309765,0.00018285694,0.0000027671442],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056419117,0.00010072984,0.9953695,0.000008398172,0.0009800104,4.2678686e-10,0.00026492262,0.00010767277,0.00023123785,0.000321712,0.0021258695,0.0004843375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019006702,0.000013923147,0.9944353,0.000007826794,0.00054783036,1.1246181e-7,0.00046166452,0.0009369821,0.0021467933,0.00030766422,0.00088005915,0.00007179596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046364538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006950413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009906803,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023368919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006377491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48095468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2610262318","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa7dd7","title":"Extracting Microlensing Signals from<i>K2</i>Campaign 9","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Ames Research Center","keywords":"Gravitational microlensing; Light curve; Photometry (optics); Physics; Astrophysics; Stars","score_opus":0.020658730802763304,"score_gpt":0.2398548202770761,"score_spread":0.2191960894743128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2610262318","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768751,0.00010153146,0.0011388313,0.008769296,0.00031501558,0.00024846286,0.00009589596,0.000012854092,0.012442978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961782,0.0000025034283,0.0030128097,0.000013385172,0.0002421202,0.000008685576,0.000013988745,0.000011814558,0.00051650306],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900186,0.000060392078,0.0003368326,0.00021602523,0.00015526614,0.00022962625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99743956,0.00035642862,0.0008121667,0.0012517025,0.00009464827,0.000045508208],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026312115,0.00014446185,0.00025044958,0.000010376767,0.00097042933,0.000104084495,0.0011125428,0.00004368589,0.0001344868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000658083,0.000096333,0.0005430435,0.00006126687,0.00048049827,0.00016002792,0.00038566196,0.00022018801,0.00001118953],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004313939,0.000071570794,0.9901515,0.000003999898,0.00023173887,5.8904165e-10,0.00042483982,0.00014510853,0.0017730637,0.00020287429,0.0054874904,0.001503484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021534246,0.0000045430697,0.98760676,0.00003013086,0.00009620055,1.326615e-7,0.0011315393,0.00052728504,0.0066522527,0.0012777691,0.0023614785,0.000096587755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004850582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003155611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019303055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024484234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005818139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7463856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2614430183","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa84a9","title":"Quantifying the Impact of Spectral Coverage on the Retrieval of Molecular Abundances from Exoplanet Transmission Spectra","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Hot Jupiter; Transit (satellite); Planet; Atmosphere (unit); Opacity; Spectral line; Atmospheric models; Eclipse","score_opus":0.02508587392627678,"score_gpt":0.26334837655072557,"score_spread":0.23826250262444879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2614430183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98889667,0.00013915176,0.00058849633,0.0056814323,0.00009411208,0.00031920007,0.00025137264,0.0000042057054,0.0040253755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995071,0.000018161016,0.00028436913,0.000004761076,0.00008427643,0.0000040564755,0.000020771022,0.000009395664,0.00006709874],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989052,0.000110887275,0.00036453595,0.00017952558,0.00024482378,0.00019501803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997315,0.00053848926,0.00079536345,0.0012561398,0.000061212966,0.000033797023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003330994,0.0001604169,0.0003005734,0.000011291636,0.0005084464,0.000049959803,0.0013843894,0.000041489384,0.00016188271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044313914,0.00007218437,0.0008059639,0.00009635491,0.0007663657,0.000073107316,0.00012909305,0.00025388558,0.0000020568364],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058370268,0.0001451744,0.98737574,0.0000084697185,0.000575888,1.9548394e-9,0.0007854925,0.001434071,0.0053355778,0.0020627014,0.001769512,0.00044899984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025542296,0.000039822615,0.96687174,0.00003814439,0.00009743782,1.1238439e-7,0.0005644733,0.000868407,0.029119005,0.0019046651,0.000170206,0.00007055466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010161952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029970379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023783429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026401422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008691244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.391061},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737047167","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa7f6d","title":"ChromaStarDB: SQL Database-driven Spectrum Synthesis and More","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Database; SQL; Byte; Opacity; Line (geometry); Computational science; Physics; Programming language; Mathematics","score_opus":0.015805769217641884,"score_gpt":0.2302565785273134,"score_spread":0.21445080930967153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2737047167","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9584917,0.000077786885,0.0002834959,0.031796876,0.00018061578,0.00031343667,0.00029841065,0.000012717114,0.008544972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979448,0.000008086731,0.001444466,0.0000067882625,0.00012927508,0.000020566476,0.000012622811,0.000009808464,0.00042360811],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921066,0.00003659087,0.00021911733,0.00020355861,0.00013639219,0.00019366934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980152,0.00019425222,0.0004052166,0.0012951529,0.00003997346,0.000050168313],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015054655,0.00012967012,0.0002237449,0.000011371574,0.0007125267,0.0000647305,0.00093920756,0.000029490953,0.00009990059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053000032,0.00008301498,0.00030350772,0.000053171738,0.0008097808,0.00013361157,0.0005525448,0.0001433277,0.0000049850564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036979138,0.00005934555,0.9911397,0.00001029879,0.00021763703,5.8729277e-10,0.0001982889,0.00003540066,0.00015821432,0.0012667502,0.0064662592,0.00044442617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015206866,0.000005125922,0.99389666,0.000021634009,0.00010411096,2.0298235e-7,0.00061416667,0.00080869405,0.0020651438,0.0003711571,0.0018804916,0.00008056849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029858368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059985387,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03945309,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019182724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004634605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54802513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763528992","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa8800","title":"CCDLAB: A Graphical User Interface FITS Image Data Reducer, Viewer, and Canadian UVIT Data Pipeline","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline (software); Reducer; Computer science; Interface (matter); Satellite; Data reduction; Remote sensing; Real-time computing; Environmental science; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Geology; Operating system; Data mining; Civil engineering","score_opus":0.028712283141903557,"score_gpt":0.279796821150662,"score_spread":0.25108453800875846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2763528992","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91284615,0.00009965811,0.003909521,0.074110724,0.00032705287,0.00052487844,0.006914918,0.000015547717,0.0012515262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930122,0.000009334099,0.005604784,0.00001277502,0.000091483394,0.000008671132,0.00029176034,0.000016592725,0.0009524013],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998825,0.00005851739,0.00029881662,0.00040165428,0.00014000582,0.00027596322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99391043,0.00008645896,0.00037107273,0.0053713215,0.00010382946,0.00015689757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047541384,0.00015231589,0.00022946153,0.000022745493,0.0006529494,0.00020531799,0.0049480773,0.00006400443,0.00006169328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013460351,0.000105839375,0.00017825546,0.00011558914,0.0007721199,0.0005227473,0.0026906885,0.0003349917,0.0000058880632],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010503008,0.00022803409,0.81408644,0.000020063362,0.00031790123,2.5808613e-9,0.00027427147,0.000085661,0.0009463714,0.0039949697,0.17684366,0.0031921528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090439356,0.000014801517,0.7952726,0.0000770302,0.00026016042,0.000001058757,0.0016862691,0.11352124,0.00080534857,0.0016778002,0.085409924,0.00036939495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01134322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021527705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11343558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003176967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002517164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99524033},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2764276440","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aaaad8","title":"Charge Diffusion Variations in Pan-STARRS1 CCDs","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Division of Astronomical Sciences; Planetary Science Division; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Queen's University; Johns Hopkins University; Queen's University Belfast; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; National Central University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Space Telescope Science Institute; Durham University; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Charge (physics); Pixel; Charge-coupled device; Diffusion; Silicon; Electric field","score_opus":0.007648198545820369,"score_gpt":0.1984625412214649,"score_spread":0.19081434267564454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2764276440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892651,0.00002324084,0.001429878,0.007351575,0.00024743009,0.00018974365,0.000046637706,0.00005303647,0.0013933849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975527,0.000005209393,0.0018441319,0.000011132137,0.00007217306,0.000015824135,0.000005516642,0.000013653823,0.00047966803],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929917,0.000031615466,0.00026642182,0.00011364595,0.00011090262,0.00017825999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914676,0.000057480625,0.00008750587,0.00062253367,0.000056517038,0.000029211744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017099213,0.00008896232,0.0001252916,0.000027884282,0.0001222054,0.000018685236,0.000560733,0.000050805233,0.000066396715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004464449,0.000062096806,0.00022460954,0.00038796864,0.00026303678,0.00008799464,0.00013021028,0.00015716715,0.000016535352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075170524,0.00045714685,0.84494174,0.00005731486,0.00017458314,1.1852235e-9,0.0050665904,0.0035798084,0.07773204,0.010494412,0.054234955,0.0032538783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022949079,0.0000062069425,0.9261439,0.000023034612,0.000017834658,2.3276871e-7,0.0003474671,0.05895031,0.00601946,0.0004460119,0.007723666,0.0000923895],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038121863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000092246855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08120215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008543034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028247241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25322345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765085637","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aa971f","title":"Pipeline for the Detection of Serendipitous Stellar Occultations by Kuiper Belt Objects with the Colibri Fast-photometry Array","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Occultation; Pipeline (software); Sampling (signal processing); Light curve; Event (particle physics); Eclipse; Asteroid; Stars","score_opus":0.008916910881229815,"score_gpt":0.21873079354557826,"score_spread":0.20981388266434844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765085637","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8903504,0.00007077394,0.09488422,0.011240835,0.00018930167,0.0012105255,0.001409624,0.000012120406,0.00063221063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99734825,0.000001713345,0.0011331064,0.000013905326,0.00008991051,0.000065284905,0.00004134879,0.000009584262,0.0012968762],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990613,0.000055662204,0.00026736778,0.00019001361,0.00021164984,0.00021403917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755144,0.00037379045,0.00072352984,0.0011447241,0.00016367696,0.000042846947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033649305,0.00013379235,0.0001761079,0.000013800121,0.00121023,0.00008566407,0.0016161511,0.000037645186,0.000030347135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030133522,0.00006187916,0.00032787057,0.00020881157,0.0008795653,0.00018549498,0.00012918789,0.00019127189,0.0000018749855],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001329999,0.0006265699,0.74214417,0.000056949943,0.0010617515,1.2271191e-9,0.0039846133,0.022940405,0.167135,0.0012750279,0.04447574,0.016166752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009710632,0.00009348385,0.8812722,0.000035067158,0.00033610332,7.633053e-7,0.012577619,0.030863266,0.058388118,0.00023002924,0.014978567,0.00025372885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031281798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020782674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.139128,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018856885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000104397244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9308233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767252356","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aaa87b","title":"Simulated<i>JWST</i>/NIRISS Transit Spectroscopy of Anticipated Tess Planets Compared to Select Discoveries from Space-based and Ground-based Surveys","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; James Webb Space Telescope; Planet; Transit (satellite); Terrestrial planet; Physics; Astronomy; Earth radius; Astrobiology; Telescope","score_opus":0.01621537422785657,"score_gpt":0.2368175937728947,"score_spread":0.22060221954503814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767252356","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871305,0.000037942715,0.0077921413,0.0035652304,0.00010596772,0.00040020558,0.0006059778,0.000015203493,0.00034678628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99726695,8.1127587e-7,0.0024240713,0.000018308334,0.000075534736,0.000008318066,0.00014994743,0.00001468637,0.000041363513],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869657,0.00018976598,0.0003890905,0.00026908415,0.00019258443,0.000262913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982971,0.0005265987,0.00033130107,0.00062025257,0.0001509973,0.000073763564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002788754,0.00019952234,0.0004160639,0.000028603992,0.00025101908,0.00004144909,0.0005008692,0.0000479846,0.000102320744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002510648,0.00013864564,0.00025574982,0.00032691288,0.00075280585,0.00006824751,0.000087781926,0.00013819068,0.0000031395975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059888465,0.00018606534,0.98974895,0.000014541767,0.00027561202,1.0069073e-9,0.00066580606,0.0045626964,0.0026865033,0.00005294396,0.0016792871,0.0000676979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000652498,0.00006198633,0.9501554,0.000034158158,0.00012809833,3.1490668e-8,0.00045661628,0.009425001,0.038551573,0.00014490656,0.00026138275,0.00012837852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020574941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053072945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039593585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028355458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011412579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5653805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769865814","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aaa6b0","title":"The Radio Synchrotron Background: Conference Summary and Report","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Astronomical Sciences","keywords":"Synchrotron; Physics; Brightness; Astronomy; Synchrotron radiation; Astrophysics; Surface brightness; Radio frequency; Telecommunications; Computer science; Galaxy; Optics","score_opus":0.01321480937927453,"score_gpt":0.22723834345447738,"score_spread":0.21402353407520286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2769865814","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787441,0.00004983089,0.0051778187,0.010184076,0.00019157295,0.00034108237,0.00006826892,0.000011758644,0.0052315174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969376,0.0000029209082,0.0009959869,0.000008870094,0.00022062525,0.000036680918,0.000009753086,0.000011075866,0.0017764934],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898803,0.000059414502,0.0003441068,0.00021387887,0.00015983103,0.000234714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821323,0.0001032195,0.00044119172,0.0010288935,0.00015677702,0.00005667663],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024964966,0.00012893674,0.00017146733,0.000007524878,0.00060670904,0.000077309676,0.00088402577,0.000026436323,0.0000311857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008297184,0.00007138903,0.00031212685,0.00017033001,0.0013503707,0.00011373528,0.00045351844,0.00018163782,0.000004506931],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000399575,0.00047788105,0.6094308,0.000023455981,0.0009159013,3.602394e-9,0.0013342926,0.00013131737,0.010112938,0.29075393,0.06298074,0.023798797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007588951,0.00008699258,0.86822784,0.00006713775,0.00017613477,0.000002041238,0.007114645,0.006790422,0.0048818947,0.047636528,0.063873194,0.000384293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008956465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015987266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25879702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039502087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015272331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49754968},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2786251513","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aadcdd","title":"Fast Estimation of Orbital Parameters in Milky Way-like Potentials","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Orbit (dynamics); Milky Way; Orbital eccentricity; Orbital mechanics; Orbital elements; Eccentricity (behavior); Monte Carlo method; Range (aeronautics); Orbit determination","score_opus":0.013092699842356297,"score_gpt":0.22596956853472452,"score_spread":0.21287686869236822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2786251513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99276656,0.000027342137,0.0021002416,0.002209105,0.00019118343,0.00025415834,0.000057057066,0.0000058297796,0.0023885206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946052,0.0000010275417,0.0051089255,0.000005296803,0.000049812774,0.000014109843,0.00002042827,0.000007049519,0.00018817736],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990569,0.000058265563,0.000411039,0.00015528299,0.00014728552,0.00017124222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988047,0.00015997418,0.00039664409,0.00051991106,0.00009060174,0.000028197315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022309872,0.00010831193,0.00023067751,0.000025498033,0.0001237082,0.000014363801,0.00048781474,0.00003659199,0.00006078386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029986482,0.000073248615,0.000337238,0.00024077392,0.0005999696,0.00008830367,0.00016258919,0.0001075811,0.0000067547912],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009097571,0.00013999417,0.9911962,0.000009775037,0.0001462196,2.6629293e-10,0.00069290877,0.0024205386,0.00019357925,0.0006237742,0.0031575123,0.0014103869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026305797,0.000021097047,0.9879914,0.000021553096,0.000057092177,1.3022543e-7,0.0010839638,0.0047552674,0.0045225983,0.0010674774,0.00014519227,0.000071179755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033138308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052759806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004329019,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025740988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004479325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29869917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789053168","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aab0fe","title":"A Binary Offset Effect in CCD Readout and Its Impact on Astronomical Data","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Argonne National Laboratory; Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; York University; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Office of Science; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Sussex; Institut de Física d'Altes Energies; U.S. Department of Energy; Yale University; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Brookhaven National Laboratory; High Energy Physics; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University College London; Carnegie Mellon University; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute; Princeton University; Johns Hopkins University; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; Vanderbilt University; University of Chicago; Harvard University; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Ohio State University; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; University of Pennsylvania; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; California Institute of Technology; Advanced Scientific Computing Research; W. M. Keck Foundation; Fermilab; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Pixel; Telescope; Physics; Offset (computer science); Binary number; Digitization; Optics; Data reduction; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.013683111057297699,"score_gpt":0.2551035496710168,"score_spread":0.2414204386137191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789053168","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961951,0.000055659355,0.000052489948,0.0029472844,0.0001060619,0.00024332404,0.0001941937,0.000033719218,0.00017221674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99926424,0.0000034472366,0.0005225899,0.000006379895,0.00006863471,0.000009231666,0.000023452354,0.000017693616,0.000084325366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914014,0.000067744135,0.000257375,0.00021187685,0.00010302958,0.0002198364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985685,0.00016122831,0.00008608386,0.0011021086,0.000026237585,0.000055839264],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034699548,0.00014129168,0.00020906854,0.000034730285,0.00007990181,0.000027223421,0.00092363404,0.00005982577,0.000021444783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071073955,0.00008843545,0.00018317337,0.00022476734,0.00030674977,0.0001391342,0.00036817158,0.00023463246,0.000012380856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000999516,0.0003321661,0.87000585,0.00009331693,0.00036410222,4.749706e-9,0.0008885856,0.020300413,0.02183318,0.0004982382,0.07984985,0.0057343645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003487457,0.00005180924,0.818992,0.000043721666,0.00002571533,4.9568064e-7,0.000103005106,0.17594318,0.0033781284,0.000033766803,0.0009832071,0.00009618565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022069853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026766197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15564276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009934093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033450906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3606293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792578362","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aadbf3","title":"The Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program for <i>JWST</i>","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Exoplanet; James Webb Space Telescope; Planet; Suite; Set (abstract data type); Stars","score_opus":0.017533960075876008,"score_gpt":0.2491755135687318,"score_spread":0.23164155349285578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792578362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9844051,0.000036629324,0.000851408,0.006478039,0.00021376893,0.000802177,0.00009691332,0.000022878903,0.007093086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972357,0.0000012318623,0.0022340643,0.000013560382,0.00015985794,0.00007345236,0.0000135321,0.000008052703,0.00026052244],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900246,0.00009450706,0.0002790224,0.0001475154,0.000176826,0.0002996748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99798673,0.0005795969,0.0002877109,0.0008708247,0.00022304997,0.000052087442],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078724703,0.00011298362,0.0001501105,0.000010847006,0.0023417312,0.00009915806,0.0013129391,0.000025679748,0.000010981792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000650971,0.00006260446,0.00031508517,0.00029100024,0.0024870005,0.000097749224,0.00021030342,0.00023454105,0.0000032291282],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015366268,0.00016818999,0.98284346,0.0000093901135,0.00011836174,9.051543e-11,0.0013957439,0.00003824155,0.00020872436,0.0029702405,0.004976534,0.007255752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028210029,0.0000655223,0.9790713,0.000014744075,0.00007273392,1.7019816e-7,0.0026906298,0.001480278,0.002238019,0.0011893726,0.012804155,0.00009097343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026274959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008300138,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012830626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025985692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012166713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797248371","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aabde2","title":"KPS-1b: The First Transiting Exoplanet Discovered Using an Amateur Astronomer's Wide-field CCD Data","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Russian Science Foundation; Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Gruber Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Exoplanet; Astronomer; Amateur; Spectrograph; Planet; Transit (satellite)","score_opus":0.034193038749045876,"score_gpt":0.25030039425084305,"score_spread":0.21610735550179716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2797248371","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97907543,0.00006008665,0.005483702,0.011467104,0.00033177788,0.00044684453,0.00047276958,0.00001819857,0.0026440662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99772185,0.0000019253923,0.0015373358,0.00004870525,0.00040921295,0.000010225504,0.00014168482,0.000016928097,0.00011213007],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986598,0.00009579906,0.00042007293,0.0003003121,0.00019773512,0.00032632024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971793,0.00041096602,0.0004216826,0.0018502425,0.00007997754,0.000057791764],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039638486,0.00019534366,0.0002613453,0.000015849822,0.00082988053,0.00009080389,0.0019305284,0.00004772516,0.00014482845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035036624,0.00011457315,0.0002776477,0.00021367364,0.0006709438,0.0002873527,0.0005312421,0.00024062708,0.00000785774],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012528613,0.00014336873,0.98868835,0.000008629293,0.00027499572,6.460108e-10,0.0011004747,0.00059550314,0.000066572655,0.00030502767,0.007994273,0.00081026513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045197833,0.000043508757,0.9662861,0.000038876282,0.00024890775,7.673162e-7,0.006327312,0.0140316505,0.0011490907,0.00033569906,0.010882919,0.00020318052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062846235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038396833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022402251,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002704806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009144406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6382854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800908439","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aadf6f","title":"A Framework for Prioritizing the <i>TESS</i> Planetary Candidates Most Amenable to Atmospheric Characterization","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":575,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Goddard Space Flight Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology; Royal Astronomical Society; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; Stellar Astrophysics Centre; National Research Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute; John Templeton Foundation; NASA Headquarters; National Science Foundation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; James S. McDonnell Foundation; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Astrobiology; Exoplanet; Computer science; Environmental science; Physics; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Stars; Geology","score_opus":0.00975503884227884,"score_gpt":0.22137891770193996,"score_spread":0.2116238788596611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800908439","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.905092,0.0000127203575,0.07851672,0.014395404,0.0002540387,0.0007746096,0.0006905878,0.0000141246155,0.0002497815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97395986,5.5417524e-7,0.025017269,0.00009471782,0.00027134264,0.00005297762,0.00011943386,0.00000881373,0.00047501552],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910724,0.0000432831,0.0002591144,0.00019804928,0.00013582715,0.0002564799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987025,0.00020951735,0.0002782105,0.000653241,0.00009807902,0.00005841679],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023934229,0.00011566421,0.00014700694,0.0000047456206,0.00053761224,0.000062942745,0.0010089877,0.0000347526,0.000084957646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024790072,0.000066078734,0.00019510755,0.00040953365,0.0003532785,0.0001391983,0.00017252826,0.00013719559,0.000011272571],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025432204,0.00010127277,0.9585711,0.0000131350325,0.00012139277,2.8978528e-10,0.0014656084,0.0010812392,0.012985703,0.008317447,0.0138874035,0.0034302883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019616049,0.00006320781,0.93320113,0.000049359165,0.00006249891,2.404935e-7,0.0015819465,0.017997995,0.004407578,0.0019677093,0.040301148,0.00017102197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016754173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037160496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06886786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002140915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009888436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4134933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803451438","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aac261","title":"Point-spread Function Ramifications and Deconvolution of a Signal Dependent Blur Kernel Due to Interpixel Capacitive Coupling","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Deconvolution; Point spread function; Detector; SIGNAL (programming language); Capacitive coupling; Coupling (piping); Decoupling (probability); Optical transfer function; Inverse","score_opus":0.00835569012375818,"score_gpt":0.1995930668206156,"score_spread":0.19123737669685742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2803451438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93602324,0.000038205486,0.061256245,0.001979355,0.00014660048,0.00026015265,0.00007479751,0.000036667832,0.00018476386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972019,0.0000028024892,0.0025445886,0.000009612796,0.00005076086,0.000024826331,0.0000056882363,0.000013945607,0.00014584459],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992376,0.00002238388,0.00031881686,0.00015352118,0.000116229465,0.00015146301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990899,0.00008741359,0.00014613947,0.00045008294,0.00017386611,0.00005257515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021704138,0.00010311091,0.00015721828,0.000038884828,0.00013443171,0.000020828973,0.0003325367,0.000051767554,0.000024411387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052846997,0.00008011209,0.00018223986,0.00023646989,0.00041801372,0.000111120135,0.000115170784,0.0001327514,0.0000056852878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011335979,0.0005902482,0.17631565,0.00022959884,0.0011790231,3.848018e-9,0.013545356,0.09667323,0.67084765,0.012280705,0.02017752,0.0080476375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042066627,0.000059856455,0.6508725,0.00010490223,0.00013797995,0.000003051256,0.005032262,0.2770871,0.06443573,0.0009046429,0.00073901354,0.00020228297],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004259506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013200182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60641193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009623721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030992775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32668763},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896280131","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aae5c5","title":"How to Characterize the Atmosphere of a Transiting Exoplanet","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Transit (satellite); Eclipse; James Webb Space Telescope; Atmosphere (unit); Measure (data warehouse); Cover (algebra); Atmospheric composition","score_opus":0.016144254140191213,"score_gpt":0.23343358207814607,"score_spread":0.21728932793795486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896280131","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95379114,0.0000056535832,0.0184272,0.026369607,0.000065679094,0.00045294297,0.00026642994,0.0000076128917,0.00061371113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99596405,1.8779978e-7,0.0028321452,0.0000125865845,0.00028842676,0.000045716803,0.000014354582,0.0000125237675,0.0008300029],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881834,0.00010155582,0.00031544847,0.00020701444,0.0002457049,0.00031194693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99828386,0.0001749839,0.00033591173,0.0009047875,0.00021726788,0.00008320257],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026430664,0.00014004427,0.00023880274,0.000006485554,0.00031141494,0.000052924577,0.0013606972,0.000033998727,0.00013875066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030540716,0.000076660515,0.0005039692,0.00045009717,0.00088363816,0.0001208374,0.00034949902,0.00025032766,0.000008308091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012443277,0.0009953715,0.74633634,0.000048884507,0.0009838669,1.5527398e-9,0.004332192,0.00087135116,0.10953721,0.028656712,0.021260435,0.086853206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004953711,0.00011654047,0.873095,0.00007266173,0.00008453986,1.4903164e-7,0.006792583,0.0027179068,0.09838366,0.00058185344,0.01745943,0.00020031008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008394897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016159252,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12675865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025661244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013651222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32558015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898241683","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aae796","title":"Complete IRAC Mapping of the CFHTLS-DEEP, MUSYC, and NMBS-II Fields","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Stack (abstract data type); Infrared; Field of view; Data archive; Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.02127789229635554,"score_gpt":0.2484747614366916,"score_spread":0.22719686914033604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898241683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9660464,0.000018579829,0.017546786,0.013941579,0.00011704238,0.00042684178,0.00017171129,0.000008203873,0.0017228597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964628,6.091335e-7,0.0025004353,0.000014618049,0.00020813583,0.000026463877,0.000006926926,0.000010937013,0.0007690465],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987247,0.00010732309,0.00039486363,0.0002312968,0.00024006987,0.00030173594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982005,0.00016393924,0.00040832785,0.0009862435,0.00016871748,0.0000723036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002554475,0.00014695142,0.00025258944,0.000019223056,0.00057755364,0.000028713277,0.001251255,0.00004964376,0.0001657657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028863371,0.00008453324,0.0005774953,0.0003567636,0.0015876354,0.00011205833,0.0011412083,0.0003349776,0.0000048895718],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032608197,0.000722078,0.8982327,0.000039802653,0.0005929279,5.8936084e-10,0.0026662739,0.00041763202,0.018235128,0.0358121,0.012931297,0.030317457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006398257,0.00008761284,0.949442,0.000081432125,0.000073296535,1.4261266e-7,0.0036775565,0.007740274,0.0184754,0.0042569856,0.015327631,0.000197802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010892197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002442188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05120935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027099346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010521622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5849709},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904197335","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aaf4e5","title":"Consistent Dust and Gas Models for Protoplanetary Disks. III. Models for Selected Objects from the FP7 DIANA Project*","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Queen's University; National Science Council; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Radiative transfer; Protoplanetary disk; Spectral energy distribution; T Tauri star; Spectral line; Line (geometry); Stars; Emission spectrum; Opacity","score_opus":0.02002196192005623,"score_gpt":0.22213607368480046,"score_spread":0.20211411176474423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904197335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9357607,0.00008169585,0.047572207,0.008033026,0.000101572004,0.0052951397,0.0026716678,0.000018258688,0.00046577377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99391377,0.0000030509827,0.004824791,0.000015053587,0.000074695854,0.00065609865,0.0001870292,0.000013721052,0.00031180153],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990744,0.000037190584,0.00033068407,0.00021251006,0.00012589703,0.00021931413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852055,0.000275561,0.0003673979,0.0005508439,0.00025311246,0.00003250771],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001478258,0.00015048706,0.00025823075,0.000011082333,0.00038030068,0.000051858624,0.0004684532,0.000036022895,0.0000076825945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009209584,0.000083994746,0.00036900863,0.00018065346,0.00023833994,0.0001889802,0.00019827549,0.00012455453,8.67333e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005002874,0.0016676661,0.4000633,0.00034844535,0.006146486,9.663705e-10,0.029006142,0.11864234,0.002834472,0.27317715,0.15372548,0.013888228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026060399,0.00010016327,0.058685564,0.00007185734,0.00034434625,1.298655e-7,0.014068204,0.84020424,0.0012887054,0.078362375,0.0038915365,0.0003768358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002112815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000504062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7215619,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026537493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014283917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34252062},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904246599","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab1531","title":"A Strategy for LSST to Unveil a Population of Kilonovae without Gravitational-wave Triggers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Kilonova; Physics; LIGO; Neutron star; Astrophysics; Gravitational wave; Population; Astronomy; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Magnetar; Einstein Telescope; Observatory; Luminosity; Telescope; Galaxy","score_opus":0.02168896190439453,"score_gpt":0.25302358290796767,"score_spread":0.23133462100357313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904246599","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910239,0.000008437908,0.0031270494,0.004102985,0.00009773693,0.00079994055,0.0005016709,0.0000066131215,0.00033169286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914187,1.5904791e-7,0.007296815,0.000010579592,0.000059801885,0.00006683022,0.00011666703,0.000014562738,0.0010158668],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989767,0.000037244412,0.0004321803,0.00020713692,0.00017051448,0.00017620197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986304,0.00013741,0.00036333757,0.0006109657,0.00020607596,0.00005178545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021674679,0.00012169983,0.00026065277,0.000028956738,0.00009888757,0.00002434028,0.00047600895,0.00004329474,0.0001140099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015858814,0.00008311273,0.0005766799,0.00026761144,0.00011516413,0.0001104539,0.00010194609,0.00009764027,0.00000509596],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020557944,0.00015124232,0.98060066,0.000013940601,0.00014951744,4.8805238e-11,0.0003557472,0.0026517066,0.004599527,0.008755377,0.0015860148,0.0011157441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005255176,0.000035445217,0.9894594,0.000022807919,0.000049522205,2.6402796e-8,0.0014117172,0.0014870923,0.0024254876,0.00320099,0.0012868064,0.00009520846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003954163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044428393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008858753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004511953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011327784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3389239},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2914425456","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab0075","title":"The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":310,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of Colorado Boulder; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; University of Oxford; York University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Princeton University; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Harvard University; Ohio State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik","keywords":"Spectrograph; Observatory; Telescope; Sky; LAMOST; Milky Way; Galactic astronomy; Spectrometer; William Herschel Telescope","score_opus":0.011140197035300534,"score_gpt":0.23958095614704428,"score_spread":0.22844075911174375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2914425456","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98065436,0.00008774646,0.005812132,0.010446503,0.00020654676,0.0008164235,0.000051134695,0.00001877293,0.0019063819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99723864,0.0000011392456,0.0010160862,0.000005495456,0.00013668959,0.00010000243,0.0000080359005,0.000017170918,0.0014767186],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982912,0.00016654095,0.0004221735,0.00028698653,0.00037661157,0.00045652167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997642,0.00031327776,0.00042335948,0.0013861073,0.00013807295,0.00009721014],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043423736,0.00018583107,0.0002327519,0.000018720566,0.00049858016,0.000071347415,0.0014428593,0.00004528918,0.00020397233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025142013,0.000103379985,0.0010313968,0.00041033138,0.00073660543,0.00019779644,0.00052246306,0.00044754604,0.000041613574],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030607207,0.00046814186,0.9090574,0.000008629813,0.0003549293,3.3884853e-10,0.00029695785,0.0005601961,0.01412975,0.06656006,0.0057466836,0.002786663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005539694,0.000071970586,0.9411556,0.00004177669,0.0000678826,1.0598428e-7,0.0075689047,0.003254186,0.03627821,0.0038392926,0.0069526765,0.00021540355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009795884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.4599717e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06272077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016207322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022530765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42157134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2922961522","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab26f1","title":"Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Series (stratigraphy); Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Time series; Photometry (optics)","score_opus":0.023155602311488464,"score_gpt":0.2330531566439231,"score_spread":0.20989755433243462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2922961522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780468,0.000064433836,0.008569292,0.011350883,0.00011514277,0.0008878394,0.0005939021,0.000013969081,0.00035778535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959037,0.000002621678,0.0027204282,0.0000058024843,0.00011042119,0.00008644084,0.000057538447,0.000019426183,0.0010936717],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989142,0.0000472311,0.000383721,0.00027073157,0.00015469894,0.00022941294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980445,0.00062939984,0.00030059126,0.0008289861,0.00014226139,0.00005427844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020940643,0.00015961613,0.00023836493,0.000033519158,0.0003679441,0.00006964283,0.0007419917,0.0000623474,0.0001773836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002045414,0.000094195006,0.00043280298,0.00028818284,0.00036994976,0.00025863346,0.00023560665,0.00018167277,0.00001092626],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036031066,0.00034719548,0.9374578,0.000019892492,0.000460343,9.8763005e-11,0.00075546297,0.028888261,0.004173949,0.022237482,0.0027743871,0.0028491742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005995398,0.000034596073,0.70903146,0.000015866395,0.00013082073,6.038091e-8,0.0017026642,0.27974844,0.0006898092,0.0026549546,0.00523831,0.00015343526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005098894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016351783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25086018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046196204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000088083754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38411608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2925202930","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aafb8f","title":"BVR<sub>C</sub>I<sub>C</sub> Observations, Analysis, and Spectra of The Most Extreme Mass Ratio (Totally Eclipsing) W UMa Binary, V1187 Herculis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Light curve; Astrophysics; Orbital period; Mass ratio; Eclipse; Roche lobe; Contact binary; Observatory; Astronomy; Amplitude; Orbital inclination; Binary number; Binary star; Stars; Optics","score_opus":0.016098998897900407,"score_gpt":0.20145708052455344,"score_spread":0.18535808162665304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2925202930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891458,0.0001465178,0.0010513377,0.007458339,0.00019336633,0.00059786806,0.00017511031,0.000015588937,0.0012160767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99832726,0.000031004845,0.0012311988,0.000027490023,0.00010344574,0.000028740349,0.00008689263,0.00002018363,0.00014376435],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981386,0.00016323716,0.0006516718,0.00038698828,0.00033922144,0.00032027677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972788,0.00035565224,0.00077729154,0.0013028019,0.00021456304,0.0000708815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003897434,0.00026981937,0.0004981121,0.000053485826,0.00043182628,0.00007373746,0.00088119134,0.00008485495,0.00004218374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004607335,0.00017600316,0.00086022855,0.00095173053,0.0005656479,0.0002005293,0.00035644596,0.00030405403,0.000008389829],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010665051,0.00015476342,0.9405412,0.00002121908,0.001089444,1.3162822e-9,0.00041021567,0.0017772632,0.051525626,0.0015155264,0.002404233,0.00054984115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034976224,0.000020065962,0.95614827,0.000024313385,0.0005557223,2.581883e-7,0.00094362476,0.0037176749,0.03702772,0.00077776815,0.00027248258,0.00016234371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014310397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019805339,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015607063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006773672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001522807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7177201},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2931471748","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab1609","title":"RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients Using Deep Learning","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Artificial neural network; Deep learning; Software; Light curve; Process (computing); Explosive material","score_opus":0.02109889209374889,"score_gpt":0.22615329041579618,"score_spread":0.2050543983220473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2931471748","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946549,0.000031966138,0.0033066436,0.0010769268,0.0000947788,0.00031137338,0.00005440586,0.00000737767,0.00046165555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974736,0.0000012487111,0.0021706885,0.0000023522648,0.000044366287,0.000012950479,0.00002052317,0.00001407343,0.00026022052],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989843,0.000082215454,0.0003842776,0.00019125373,0.00018578392,0.00017220408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986705,0.00008825592,0.00043307288,0.0006209596,0.00014869668,0.00003850178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016764966,0.00011256163,0.00022017467,0.000021826463,0.00013073893,0.000021398326,0.0006513535,0.000048649385,0.00021837387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007984685,0.00007802415,0.00054222805,0.00024550597,0.0002264475,0.00016098109,0.00011422396,0.0002060715,0.0000072517623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005503474,0.0001192558,0.9518288,0.0000072799135,0.0001230469,6.3870007e-11,0.0011629025,0.0012549394,0.042382605,0.0008490636,0.00006884505,0.0021977613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031212153,0.000016122842,0.97759783,0.000025546817,0.000056091496,2.3185809e-8,0.003978938,0.006584057,0.010372755,0.0002017411,0.0007758913,0.000078877194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015497528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.694647e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03200985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037103342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006157159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31817326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2940787042","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab152e","title":"Occultations by Small Non-spherical Trans-Neptunian Objects. I. A New Event Simulator for TAOS II","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Occultation; Eclipse; Event (particle physics); Physics; Projection (relational algebra); Binary number; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Computer science; Mathematics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.00840381840853346,"score_gpt":0.20836452689903415,"score_spread":0.19996070849050068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2940787042","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90826386,0.000022083685,0.07879569,0.010264349,0.0001790873,0.0011360681,0.0006282927,0.000014911328,0.0006956565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838059,3.4269448e-7,0.01109806,0.000024129953,0.000054877728,0.000033870812,0.00009207233,0.00001044163,0.0048802863],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989625,0.000035580535,0.00033767975,0.00024573272,0.00014968432,0.00026880566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987615,0.00016524209,0.00027602824,0.0006117383,0.0000728461,0.0001126516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016644406,0.00014271637,0.00021300168,0.000010641863,0.00029838266,0.00002680525,0.0009773952,0.00004689355,0.00025738974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010162396,0.000096382326,0.00062020734,0.0002705883,0.00019131717,0.00012177411,0.00011682226,0.0001624049,0.0000108474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038934766,0.00073344575,0.7711094,0.00003408147,0.000397731,3.157507e-10,0.0035225863,0.06626526,0.03201204,0.0026848246,0.118722476,0.0044792444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00227729,0.00021143549,0.78473806,0.00005361068,0.00019070893,2.0333256e-7,0.00463014,0.114236176,0.004576427,0.0012602743,0.087332174,0.00049347454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024387409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046068153,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.075542055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030436611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022505024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39303574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943392763","doi":"10.1086/589844","title":"GHαFaS: Galaxy Hα Fabry-Perot System for the William Herschel Telescope","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; William Herschel Telescope; Telescope; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Planetary nebula; Spiral galaxy; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Supernova; Spiral (railway); Spectral line; Optics; Spectrograph; Stars; Wavelength","score_opus":0.01778133837791969,"score_gpt":0.22135471230711706,"score_spread":0.2035733739291974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943392763","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9525431,0.00012990247,0.032001503,0.012576122,0.00029284006,0.0010337438,0.00044475193,0.000031299336,0.0009467488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99432886,0.000003046023,0.0036752603,0.000015486075,0.00027001492,0.0001949455,0.000024330879,0.00002403706,0.0014640492],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871993,0.00006028816,0.0004478536,0.00025808744,0.00021134567,0.00030247067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793667,0.00026324907,0.00034154434,0.0012202683,0.00017262911,0.000065660926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002824157,0.00018388488,0.0002776611,0.000012901151,0.00070044294,0.000046689613,0.0014854751,0.000062520616,0.00008181015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001836529,0.00009803849,0.0009807339,0.00023698011,0.00055808754,0.00012667662,0.00025869053,0.00023263664,0.000011975868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013192526,0.00019143723,0.95177,0.000024321656,0.00045454843,7.676041e-10,0.0010180486,0.00060198084,0.0010824613,0.0036248981,0.036733173,0.0044859513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001036798,0.00003320234,0.91236025,0.00007313503,0.0002084817,8.247604e-7,0.009562402,0.004965962,0.005458246,0.00047978957,0.06552336,0.0002975654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023176898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018762167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041785743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073086616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015372042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53873116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948652856","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab2d54","title":"Constraining Exoplanet Metallicities and Aerosols with the Contribution to ARIEL Spectroscopy of Exoplanets (CASE)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Planet; Spectroscopy; Atmospheric composition; Planetary system; Kepler","score_opus":0.008563524396413075,"score_gpt":0.20497954696050014,"score_spread":0.19641602256408705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2948652856","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914542,0.00006552642,0.0007631754,0.004394718,0.00006305017,0.000511431,0.00015390299,0.000006339787,0.0025876514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863684,0.0000021654516,0.0010347975,0.00001918737,0.00004038078,0.00001751514,0.000030669995,0.0000065645504,0.00021184815],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921227,0.000057145222,0.00024620688,0.0001610311,0.00013758101,0.00018575892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869025,0.00039330614,0.00031961896,0.0004747195,0.00008338445,0.00003872488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022481423,0.00012859925,0.0002676976,0.0000126352925,0.00019473996,0.000029898598,0.00032688954,0.000029904968,0.000072746596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012995782,0.00006763424,0.00014840363,0.00013376452,0.00055873994,0.000057488865,0.00013199991,0.0001440874,0.0000030551419],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019082854,0.000036197758,0.9914463,0.000010089407,0.00029633383,2.6182945e-9,0.0006962103,0.00038141347,0.00084719213,0.0047252704,0.0014608001,0.00008111113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055868976,0.00008279116,0.98369455,0.000035175828,0.0001875196,0.0000073258398,0.006577284,0.00044210698,0.005866715,0.0003021026,0.0021127963,0.00013296431],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015814845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009903392,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007751767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013668418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057751848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2758044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2950260533","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab121a","title":"Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics and Fast Transients","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Astrophysics Science Division; Division of Astronomical Sciences","keywords":"Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Cadence; Transient (computer programming); Ejecta; Stars; Explosive material; Telescope; Window (computing); Identification (biology)","score_opus":0.021350632178410132,"score_gpt":0.23699758788981273,"score_spread":0.2156469557114026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2950260533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99271274,0.000025630976,0.004418705,0.0011097651,0.00009660899,0.000726356,0.00080347457,0.000006481306,0.00010021719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979124,0.0000012165482,0.0013564214,0.0000065146646,0.000048008482,0.00008248156,0.000042356427,0.000013327938,0.0005372674],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991145,0.000054390013,0.0002533165,0.0002338332,0.00014492241,0.0001990052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873096,0.0002865474,0.00021925049,0.0005680327,0.0001447499,0.00005049144],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020840221,0.00012340116,0.00022108674,0.000017606877,0.00013751844,0.00003464979,0.0006525551,0.000037030255,0.000039850824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016856293,0.000081938975,0.00037870609,0.00036482248,0.0002248717,0.00014455206,0.0001528999,0.00013376806,0.0000039635615],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000923955,0.00013871769,0.99454576,0.000009893901,0.00011012688,4.8194657e-11,0.0004228557,0.0002875993,0.0016403254,0.00037488382,0.0009930724,0.0014675535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041535244,0.000019551966,0.99128485,0.000013181253,0.00003699705,2.0064011e-8,0.0005118135,0.0021244683,0.0044061556,0.0003382722,0.00076556706,0.00008377093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023307468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036726879,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0051996447,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027508808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007076227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33413747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952914327","doi":"10.1086/651057","title":"Imaging Young Giant Planets From Ground and Space","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Planet; Giant planet; Stars; Brightness; James Webb Space Telescope; Direct imaging; Jupiter (rocket family); Planetary system; Orbit (dynamics)","score_opus":0.007383220464968937,"score_gpt":0.2007339271344835,"score_spread":0.19335070666951454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2952914327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98115706,0.00008545772,0.00029877335,0.011982639,0.00032484566,0.00017804418,0.00011900185,0.000010430147,0.005843734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971165,0.0000026308546,0.002360857,0.000008576902,0.0001551026,0.00000841875,0.000029488041,0.000008001344,0.00031044718],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999312,0.000029569817,0.00020152719,0.00017670359,0.0001134437,0.00016679431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989456,0.0001986409,0.00022364398,0.0005428635,0.000043387547,0.00004588872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012980698,0.000114022776,0.00016466885,0.00001025151,0.00024922407,0.000044154014,0.00042869602,0.000028326749,0.00010747695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001617942,0.00007378986,0.00019752834,0.00008526837,0.0004289417,0.00008395087,0.00021952348,0.00023723317,0.000004525052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027123026,0.000041842402,0.9911691,0.0000028146223,0.000109739405,4.5994156e-10,0.00045552256,0.00001566295,0.00096915156,0.0019224539,0.004663765,0.00064725586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018127693,0.0000025906816,0.9932475,0.000006406375,0.000058271653,3.5052224e-7,0.0009822722,0.0009793561,0.00056229683,0.0017486669,0.002158636,0.00007238239],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000998457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001748537,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015959403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010086173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003336826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3009063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963891109","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab5bfd","title":"Data Analysis for Precision 21 cm Cosmology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of British Columbia; McGill University","funders":"Division of Astronomical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Cosmology; Physics; Timeline; Observational cosmology; Telescope; Astronomy; Pipeline (software); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Astrophysics; Dark energy; Geography; Archaeology","score_opus":0.04689246332466712,"score_gpt":0.26447873867421473,"score_spread":0.2175862753495476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2963891109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5997396,0.00002985934,0.32047373,0.07666189,0.00009173946,0.00071743963,0.0020230531,0.000037306334,0.00022537915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9676514,4.9743426e-7,0.031787463,0.000023599858,0.00007846076,0.00006129393,0.0002509789,0.00000974014,0.00013654651],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891984,0.000048911515,0.00041715804,0.0003236882,0.00009775925,0.00019262476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99753237,0.00017736517,0.00044380885,0.0016829713,0.0001115047,0.000052000083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022935041,0.00011323562,0.00029183007,0.000028612742,0.00021074145,0.000022562619,0.0023235239,0.000057410663,0.00007148254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054272994,0.0000770126,0.00065110053,0.0007904005,0.00034212385,0.0001324224,0.00074287405,0.00016095839,0.000002868765],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008684794,0.00013645671,0.94407415,0.0000062153517,0.0009285914,8.409181e-11,0.00009724132,0.0036169835,0.00050991034,0.019679284,0.02834211,0.0026003837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006835054,0.000047581292,0.802822,0.0000070438687,0.00082631956,6.3914605e-8,0.0012564671,0.10654931,0.0026016878,0.004989217,0.080029584,0.00018720268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003651687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018962749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36791182,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002277784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009681015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4317724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965825737","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab35f4","title":"The Kinematic Distances of SNR G16.7+0.1 and G15.9+0.2 by Analyzing H i Absorption Spectra","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Maser; Spectral line; Kinematics; Supernova remnant; Supernova; Absorption (acoustics); Shock (circulatory)","score_opus":0.0043753467818159605,"score_gpt":0.19385374457657864,"score_spread":0.1894783977947627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2965825737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990639,0.00011275052,0.0035718502,0.0037407652,0.000067756984,0.0002984148,0.00011092034,0.0000051878474,0.0014533608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984659,0.000005687653,0.00070906326,0.0000032225353,0.000041601907,0.000018127972,0.000011065244,0.000009151386,0.00073620793],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911255,0.000047613037,0.00035393937,0.0001601113,0.00015116483,0.00017465431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985582,0.00013224238,0.00054345885,0.0006666205,0.00006544179,0.000034029214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002110386,0.00011266455,0.00020684427,0.000009382967,0.00020037549,0.000038834787,0.0006499974,0.000019814557,0.000037084603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000555481,0.000063153806,0.00034138263,0.00020720057,0.0003951333,0.00010311217,0.00018520807,0.00014159727,0.0000030632661],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022452374,0.00040903396,0.82024586,0.00007415448,0.0006308282,1.6837945e-10,0.0010517021,0.0014049475,0.04708891,0.11159548,0.009648869,0.007827786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013155314,0.00009921361,0.8729275,0.00016272927,0.00030618344,1.7623785e-7,0.012341094,0.020118833,0.015779428,0.066673815,0.009799268,0.00047623325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047508038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.883691e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052681662,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002762397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004460473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25753373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970944036","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab311d","title":"Data Challenges as a Tool for Time-domain Astronomy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Focus (optics); Radio astronomy; Telescope; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Radio telescope; Data archive; Observational astronomy; Anomaly detection","score_opus":0.022744146558937434,"score_gpt":0.23894225688580886,"score_spread":0.21619811032687142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970944036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92062545,0.0004369085,0.0035466186,0.03714306,0.0005058377,0.0023293472,0.001200428,0.00003708696,0.034175266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98731595,0.000004741382,0.009822417,0.000012161833,0.00017127373,0.000057612415,0.0001488975,0.000016183216,0.0024507516],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989022,0.000056250246,0.0003268128,0.00031144908,0.00015113129,0.00025214054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974464,0.00038175794,0.00034833845,0.0017041292,0.000081758226,0.00003756918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037381373,0.00015406361,0.0002775304,0.000014471437,0.00018243071,0.000026595866,0.0015148105,0.000042036754,0.0002643146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026484664,0.00010203956,0.0004276205,0.00010630858,0.00023474124,0.000141068,0.0005962593,0.00013709677,0.00006023951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015016635,0.00015073846,0.9681312,0.000022944005,0.00044491913,1.0823803e-10,0.0002979808,0.00013489011,0.00010708253,0.005625516,0.022175718,0.002894033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007372242,0.000040324274,0.8421005,0.000026739659,0.0001334163,2.2135062e-7,0.0019801897,0.0011983364,0.0003905162,0.0029842865,0.15022379,0.00018446567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.9173356e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12804808,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025466303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010818718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41610524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973082411","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab3df4","title":"unWISE Coadds: The Five-year Data Set","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Sky; Data set; Calibration; Infrared; Set (abstract data type); Artifact (error); Energy (signal processing)","score_opus":0.02500088303505299,"score_gpt":0.27274614079514786,"score_spread":0.24774525776009487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2973082411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9696291,0.000021641637,0.003964189,0.021353075,0.00017265796,0.00087937294,0.0012130765,0.000016524333,0.002750345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99479854,7.244153e-7,0.001144294,0.000012105169,0.0001669877,0.00003258831,0.000100495345,0.000015588284,0.003728667],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984854,0.00014522023,0.00035423244,0.00033350493,0.0003270866,0.00035457313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962757,0.0003073307,0.0003390375,0.0028840497,0.00011625904,0.0000775842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043087258,0.0001604125,0.00023763237,0.000014116632,0.00030936705,0.00006439492,0.0038025263,0.000040968032,0.0004985236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002940992,0.00008502357,0.0005349433,0.0003788648,0.0007120541,0.00023317603,0.0018914342,0.00045825273,0.00010451847],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024785626,0.00038214348,0.89680105,0.00001341114,0.0004116828,4.1497977e-10,0.00041856762,0.0014908653,0.0015936603,0.024309551,0.06857818,0.0059760725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013321195,0.00006628429,0.88791287,0.000073170086,0.00016233888,1.5054535e-7,0.012322403,0.01996969,0.0084404675,0.0030225096,0.066326655,0.00037135096],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013012564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.1927467e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025169432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022522135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7066103},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2982390601","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab9416","title":"Multi-resolution Filtering: An Empirical Method for Isolating Faint, Extended Emission in Dragonfly Data and Other Low Resolution Images","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Surface brightness; Brightness; Galaxy; Spiral galaxy; Image resolution; Dragonfly","score_opus":0.04662904893685105,"score_gpt":0.3097473370178881,"score_spread":0.26311828808103704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2982390601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7001339,0.000020654197,0.29068455,0.008100325,0.000040205217,0.0005636409,0.00041209784,0.000022258424,0.000022322261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83777905,5.0775446e-7,0.1619277,0.000007225468,0.00008102353,0.000042640906,0.00009917499,0.000015850414,0.000046857996],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99857426,0.0001802151,0.00051641127,0.00035010005,0.0001370625,0.00024193473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984069,0.00013123722,0.00044972324,0.00082068035,0.00009902691,0.00009246726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006474675,0.00014954983,0.0002156282,0.00002791117,0.00029601698,0.000053575877,0.000870921,0.000059310267,0.000025770496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012042121,0.00011238321,0.00018347598,0.00026872265,0.00021033888,0.00047099448,0.0005279704,0.00019315707,9.310857e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022670933,0.00019978819,0.9826284,0.000033234264,0.00004250792,2.4541997e-11,0.002019153,0.0020250587,0.01006913,0.0003710438,0.0022490376,0.0003399614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003342251,0.0000146658795,0.53578025,0.000013771224,0.000016155196,6.6757856e-8,0.0012886537,0.46127453,0.0006239805,0.00026009124,0.00032972553,0.00006387448],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000101825186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003907203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45924947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007344236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009264001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45828545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995155898","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab63eb","title":"The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). Science Case and Survey Design","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":648,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universidad de Guanajuato; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Office of Diversity and Inclusion; California Institute of Technology; University of Minnesota; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Jansky; Sky; Radio astronomy; Bandwidth (computing); Angular resolution (graph drawing); Cover (algebra)","score_opus":0.0337624963497954,"score_gpt":0.23873950447175965,"score_spread":0.20497700812196426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995155898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94506145,0.000056312903,0.039925896,0.013708411,0.000110959765,0.00050181954,0.00044582176,0.000022062299,0.00016727843],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99622005,0.0000024661633,0.0035286401,0.000018350076,0.0000445198,0.000043236883,0.000017491004,0.000013333109,0.00011188168],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840885,0.00028368592,0.00041531897,0.00033254572,0.00018246328,0.000377152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99760026,0.00067464536,0.00040047523,0.0009783449,0.00023937717,0.00010688383],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018843089,0.0001621423,0.0002305209,0.00002247538,0.0011679758,0.00012437708,0.0014659859,0.000051642295,0.000023982118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020085566,0.00009811175,0.00024468274,0.0009254451,0.0016216388,0.00022220575,0.0004553133,0.00030971167,0.0000042502006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009615574,0.000093757706,0.98665833,0.0000031521909,0.00009910502,2.1788593e-9,0.00023107715,0.0003799025,0.00082152925,0.0060121273,0.004468877,0.0012225305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031202316,0.000025311456,0.98589724,0.000005052086,0.000029225002,9.327008e-7,0.0013712952,0.0053346204,0.003100785,0.0004501487,0.0033519107,0.00012146285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044153456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000351233,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051158644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004784353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003188389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8983244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007376296","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab747b","title":"Comparison of Multi-class and Binary Classification Machine Learning Models in Identifying Strong Gravitational Lenses","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Waterloo; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Binary number; Lens (geology); Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Einstein ring; False positive paradox; Class (philosophy); Gravitational lens; Binary classification; Simple lens; Binary Independence Model; Pattern recognition (psychology); Filter (signal processing); Galaxy; Physics; Computer vision; Focal length; Astrophysics; Mathematics; Optics; Support vector machine","score_opus":0.06700095267094003,"score_gpt":0.279543510735204,"score_spread":0.21254255806426398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3007376296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99064136,0.00007474545,0.005150025,0.0036869748,0.00003168665,0.00027816137,0.00007832132,0.000011241584,0.00004746081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961549,0.00000237238,0.0036517957,9.403781e-7,0.000023000475,0.000027087284,0.000077454555,0.000010991554,0.000051437473],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987718,0.000118057615,0.00058765867,0.00018213733,0.00018975367,0.00015062073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987475,0.00010979844,0.00067845767,0.00028025932,0.00013570837,0.000048231504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023535435,0.00011729955,0.0002355876,0.00003845666,0.00022667562,0.000025800695,0.00042696059,0.00003746517,0.000020820908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031898588,0.00009424387,0.00021184604,0.00034100586,0.00031587097,0.00034398938,0.00020530715,0.0002475006,0.0000013646646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062853774,0.00015119906,0.958019,0.00002822947,0.000047688787,1.0386722e-11,0.0025541778,0.027601536,0.0026301057,0.008744708,0.00014278345,0.00007429671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023754622,0.000009607287,0.6291335,0.000012085878,0.000015995736,1.9148406e-8,0.003979302,0.36577055,0.00039199466,0.0003824275,0.000021424585,0.000045491244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009823667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048345887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.338169,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005864795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006941779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38431534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014215068","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab84c9","title":"Focal Plane Wavefront Sensing with the FAST TGV Coronagraph","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Coronagraph; Wavefront; Adaptive optics; Cardinal point; Deformable mirror; Exoplanet; Speckle pattern; Diffraction","score_opus":0.013474519666088302,"score_gpt":0.1986973321351159,"score_spread":0.18522281246902758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3014215068","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8473827,0.000029591205,0.063145496,0.0859194,0.000094600975,0.00057582965,0.0001810397,0.000023065684,0.0026482358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99299157,4.6841436e-7,0.0064492617,0.00006826669,0.00014845844,0.0000039641354,0.000016619648,0.000018525487,0.00030289474],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989726,0.00007272619,0.00027206182,0.0002239579,0.00021199675,0.0002466892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871254,0.00012249583,0.00036273905,0.0006095128,0.00011204328,0.00008064518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014643699,0.00016378386,0.00022274289,0.000008543351,0.00039635962,0.000048131362,0.0006224636,0.000035521778,0.00003220798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000887881,0.00008247798,0.00043162136,0.00024020788,0.0006646282,0.00007929186,0.00028733764,0.00029647624,0.00000506034],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022456322,0.00073208555,0.7025856,0.00006686195,0.002823577,2.0546267e-8,0.012912126,0.031716343,0.025642682,0.09522352,0.10486779,0.023204874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002076775,0.00020879084,0.7618818,0.00012237359,0.00058442994,0.00000250353,0.03807346,0.13391817,0.01512505,0.0025293678,0.04466114,0.00081610336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007712689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003889218,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1456088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030945463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008833546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33633542},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015440710","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab7ee8","title":"An Algorithm for Coordinate Matching in World Coordinate Solutions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Coordinate system; Matching (statistics); Computer science; Geographic coordinate conversion; Algorithm; Coordinate descent; Point (geometry); Coordinate space; Code (set theory); Ellipsoidal coordinates; Simple (philosophy); Computer vision; Mathematics; Geometry; Set (abstract data type)","score_opus":0.03156432104037894,"score_gpt":0.2261443691253957,"score_spread":0.19458004808501678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3015440710","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9357737,0.000059021648,0.013242003,0.04869701,0.00021361989,0.0007892168,0.0008571742,0.000023126138,0.00034515234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99021816,8.716416e-7,0.0095109325,0.0000531635,0.000039724422,0.000007799573,0.000045128683,0.000003409359,0.000120787874],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915516,0.000066250774,0.0002458922,0.00017212532,0.00014078892,0.00021977587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992657,0.000073692725,0.00018171963,0.00033565864,0.00006784486,0.000075434094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036029157,0.00008375383,0.00014778711,0.000018650406,0.0002510797,0.000035982466,0.00075432676,0.000028995808,0.000041407136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023200128,0.00005741521,0.00026523147,0.00042976253,0.00016491288,0.00016169234,0.000052410105,0.00014228241,0.0000052822925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000126024115,0.00017070869,0.9419736,0.000027537226,0.00008034683,1.2153267e-9,0.00083639857,0.026847558,0.0011057403,0.0012354298,0.005195122,0.022514958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024331048,0.000023152861,0.87486273,0.000009492155,0.000018002038,5.4175274e-8,0.00049199566,0.11917575,0.0002610062,0.0032923198,0.0015519656,0.00007023301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051044114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016097249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09232819,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011092126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059470935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23413244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022974210","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab8783","title":"HiFLEx—A Highly Flexible Package to Reduce Cross-dispersed Echelle Spectra","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Space Agency","keywords":"Spectrograph; Radial velocity; Data reduction; Spectral line; Position (finance); Resolution (logic); Spectral resolution; Spectrometer","score_opus":0.025498000074738184,"score_gpt":0.2862713887374121,"score_spread":0.2607733886626739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022974210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9093354,0.00001204733,0.030271811,0.05543787,0.00010498345,0.0007374701,0.0003526663,0.00004105881,0.003706691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908488,3.0010415e-7,0.006648607,0.000042943222,0.000337759,0.00005249453,0.000020216721,0.000024090436,0.0020247928],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99827784,0.000086864195,0.0004480123,0.00039529533,0.00033115255,0.00046084513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981885,0.00012266908,0.0002752364,0.0009948177,0.00014271909,0.000276039],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019456519,0.00020722361,0.00031216475,0.000020673966,0.00034121645,0.00008685828,0.001747211,0.000050665254,0.00046198178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046358346,0.0001429032,0.00088467577,0.00070373784,0.00061537477,0.00017886875,0.00074010785,0.0004366283,0.000109969464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016307207,0.0011846119,0.6343108,0.000042987645,0.0007099026,4.5010293e-9,0.0022770297,0.0077668913,0.21498294,0.049699403,0.07697394,0.0118884295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089286285,0.00011202497,0.38343182,0.000035852645,0.00006815589,6.376317e-8,0.0025701115,0.0027455862,0.5929652,0.0012401415,0.015604881,0.00033329843],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000648004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.3904767e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3779823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007141605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023001111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58274233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3091017234","doi":"10.1086/431435","title":"Classifications of the Host Galaxies of Supernovae, Set III","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Supernova; Galaxy; Population; Astronomy; Homogeneous; Medicine","score_opus":0.017078633507909773,"score_gpt":0.23004086145638225,"score_spread":0.21296222794847247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3091017234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768044,0.000050315404,0.0004968073,0.020368146,0.00009492419,0.00033078107,0.0005712076,0.000008364767,0.001275055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964621,0.0000028053898,0.0018302834,0.000007345844,0.00010609061,0.000032348096,0.000026883148,0.000014812779,0.0015173233],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863034,0.00007844087,0.000625595,0.00020260387,0.00025162305,0.00021136776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975754,0.00015294961,0.00055648625,0.0014345587,0.00023457216,0.000046055953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024478917,0.00015208907,0.0002931127,0.000022548884,0.00023548464,0.000021204993,0.0015576707,0.00006175339,0.00028645995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022193353,0.00008737026,0.00087973644,0.00041363022,0.00093164394,0.00013891581,0.0003764303,0.00022910543,0.0000048181832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000040486634,0.00026433798,0.972057,0.000007847648,0.00017685724,4.69568e-11,0.0009170795,0.00028777262,0.0127107315,0.0066627786,0.0064482363,0.00046332265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027804138,0.000007385051,0.96712184,0.000023547327,0.00007159501,5.53822e-8,0.0025240246,0.00045722077,0.02238799,0.00029090905,0.006758451,0.000078959405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036020088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011922028,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0203608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004386741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017469047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35628557},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3116335062","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/abaf04","title":"Least-squares Spectral and Wavelet Analyses of V455 Andromedae Time Series: The Life After the Super-outburst","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Light curve; Orbital period; Physics; Wavelet; Astrophysics; White dwarf; Series (stratigraphy); Least-squares function approximation; Spectral line; Interpolation (computer graphics); Orbital elements; Mathematics; Astronomy; Statistics; Stars; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.01858348344516858,"score_gpt":0.22594638742665646,"score_spread":0.20736290398148788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3116335062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9263435,0.00042941739,0.00016111622,0.07042117,0.00006364683,0.00037499872,0.00020692377,0.000010463765,0.0019887418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990516,0.00001188961,0.00034551581,0.00006483131,0.00016003031,0.000024179977,0.000014465378,0.0000102713375,0.00031724115],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896765,0.00010777266,0.00034519786,0.00019238687,0.00018501496,0.00020197647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867976,0.0003134688,0.00026305317,0.0006025055,0.0000765332,0.00006466248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018515262,0.00015896316,0.00029129992,0.000010124768,0.00028660087,0.000044084376,0.0007033011,0.000033103886,0.00022565437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004991083,0.00007438041,0.00045066042,0.00024314233,0.0009736462,0.00009677289,0.00029173752,0.00020170832,0.0000068939894],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035367302,0.00006339463,0.98603284,0.000016855143,0.0006132071,1.1652631e-9,0.0023829509,0.00017502514,0.0002537983,0.00041400947,0.00978485,0.00022767602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002092024,0.00003272337,0.98990977,0.000010697551,0.00024190835,3.828227e-7,0.004564334,0.000805241,0.0009867433,0.0002554201,0.002896225,0.000087374676],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012317202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023990592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.072708055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010404572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006819944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.358744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3117346578","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/abcc4e","title":"Least-squares Wavelet and Cross-wavelet Analyses of VLBI Baseline Length and Temperature Time Series: Fortaleza–Hartebeesthoek–Westford–Wettzell","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Very-long-baseline interferometry; Wavelet; Series (stratigraphy); Baseline (sea); Geodesy; Time domain; Cross-spectrum; Geology; Optics; Physics; Mathematics; Frequency domain; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.025657692816128383,"score_gpt":0.23549172995190507,"score_spread":0.2098340371357767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3117346578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98900133,0.0001699844,0.000033857745,0.009669253,0.000032512842,0.00022630914,0.0007502577,0.0000087001545,0.0001077675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974065,0.00001855762,0.0021727688,0.00005272283,0.00004414046,0.0000019414474,0.00008278161,0.00000456826,0.00021601468],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893916,0.00007942797,0.00033789806,0.00023356102,0.0002296945,0.00018024306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989931,0.00009766811,0.00028606463,0.0003855971,0.00012977268,0.000107791435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003188937,0.00013898427,0.00026246783,0.000016200493,0.00021840379,0.000061522616,0.0004449077,0.000065779524,0.000118732605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010093385,0.000088062414,0.00023440023,0.00028222843,0.0005757412,0.00022005363,0.00009063533,0.00016800466,0.000004254178],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032174416,0.0000671484,0.9829875,0.000081910286,0.00016280846,4.150633e-9,0.0005188119,0.0011150779,0.009767241,0.000083402025,0.0035565782,0.0016273067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024792948,0.00006466638,0.9878165,0.000016013775,0.000055776836,6.5160197e-7,0.00045015803,0.006174345,0.003703056,0.00023662033,0.0011399003,0.00009435802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018548062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023131535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00961653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000037838597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066372995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3591081},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3131755572","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/abd4bc","title":"The TAOS II Survey: Real-time Detection and Characterization of Occultation Events","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Occultation; Pipeline (software); Event (particle physics); Characterization (materials science); Range (aeronautics); Remote sensing; Stars; Physics; Light curve; Astronomy; Environmental science; Computer science; Geology; Astrophysics; Optics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.008010280630475234,"score_gpt":0.200872513641983,"score_spread":0.19286223301150776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3131755572","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99616927,0.0000059228987,0.0015746957,0.0016442995,0.00006649425,0.00016395442,0.00025791372,0.000004120889,0.00011334297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987477,0.00000455225,0.00037132672,0.000002087691,0.000026926018,0.000008414406,0.00012790441,0.0000038270978,0.00070726936],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992149,0.00014938395,0.00025987034,0.00013177375,0.00013269536,0.00011139016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890417,0.00015091029,0.00038803773,0.00037722907,0.00015187755,0.000027757778],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038589016,0.0000701926,0.00011094456,0.000008204978,0.00039761755,0.000019636096,0.00032832607,0.000025993151,0.000032479897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027544816,0.000042702002,0.00014742745,0.00027803524,0.00021355695,0.00013343972,0.0001471592,0.00008357769,0.0000016240846],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000082615,0.000073179144,0.78159386,0.0000049031814,0.00006319123,1.10814885e-10,0.00030295577,0.00021185464,0.21358661,0.00035008823,0.00021371836,0.0035913514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009670478,0.0000095604755,0.97936386,0.0000070141677,0.00001731781,8.8969195e-8,0.00026315794,0.0039050598,0.015840866,0.000118322045,0.0003413921,0.000036641926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018180712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008348435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013841298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007728863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3058193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3146673882","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/abf329","title":"The Breakthrough Listen Search for Intelligent Life: MeerKAT Target Selection","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Breakthrough Prize Foundation","keywords":"Search for extraterrestrial intelligence; Ethernet; Telescope; Radio telescope; Physics; Remote sensing; Computer science; Telecommunications; Astronomy; Computer network; Geography","score_opus":0.025087469221140968,"score_gpt":0.27050968845029966,"score_spread":0.2454222192291587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3146673882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82871836,0.00016717779,0.027607698,0.13874707,0.0009479628,0.0011877876,0.00026877507,0.000030191395,0.0023249914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99415505,0.0000035634607,0.003181572,0.000022041235,0.00025844874,0.000070365466,0.000020300686,0.000009700461,0.002278979],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892104,0.000090172376,0.0003143091,0.00020659699,0.00019646251,0.00027144258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998649,0.00022598865,0.00021140478,0.0006005997,0.00024595569,0.00006707462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005071891,0.0001010601,0.00015001296,0.0000088797815,0.00067355,0.000114374096,0.0008357438,0.000039561648,0.00006978189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005810382,0.00005621432,0.0006201409,0.0004331652,0.00038377233,0.00012833677,0.00024107662,0.00017098269,0.000005726894],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058565674,0.0005757088,0.7296515,0.000028077127,0.00067181914,5.524422e-10,0.0017411358,0.01269478,0.012830422,0.10298082,0.13318674,0.0055803983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013432875,0.00010833303,0.2573014,0.00006652892,0.00024957737,8.7880284e-7,0.034351148,0.029888397,0.35293213,0.01742432,0.30580807,0.00052595045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000121728684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057374064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47235012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005091487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004184856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51804703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158233394","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/abd417","title":"Low-redshift Type Ia Supernova from the LSQ/LCO Collaboration","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Supernova; Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Observatory; Redshift; Astronomy; Telescope","score_opus":0.011469838008620238,"score_gpt":0.23268571113783887,"score_spread":0.22121587312921864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158233394","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.962025,0.00010803674,0.00061782345,0.03535693,0.00031199347,0.00022837045,0.0006033728,0.00001289019,0.00073558977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968029,0.0000032975233,0.0014807916,0.00004826808,0.0002757134,0.000021386099,0.00019637051,0.000016375512,0.001154883],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881554,0.00011966849,0.00037600353,0.0002575642,0.00022307824,0.00020813858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979235,0.00023033825,0.00022500816,0.0012239717,0.00034595176,0.000051248247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018150237,0.00014687252,0.00021367575,0.000007757159,0.0003335643,0.00011467621,0.0009871578,0.000062565494,0.0006937049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041999676,0.000085572334,0.00047128584,0.00054088834,0.00031819387,0.00015145114,0.00033458954,0.00024362693,0.000026881336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052274836,0.00021226515,0.9572461,0.00000295379,0.0002532621,1.4719165e-9,0.00096071156,0.0003125262,0.008807457,0.0030610645,0.027919173,0.0012192585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034780413,0.00000846275,0.9484199,0.000024456847,0.000095248026,7.359606e-8,0.0067557925,0.0005775107,0.016613532,0.0015459452,0.025481056,0.00013019847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004814409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028477358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035308663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049852362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033634345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7595582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173211033","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acd1b5","title":"The James Webb Space Telescope Mission","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":457,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; Bishop's University; University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Manitoba; Honeywell (Canada); University of Alberta; Canadian Space Agency; Université de Montréal; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Northrop Grumman; Johnson Space Center; Goddard Space Flight Center; Arizona State University; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Eli Lilly and Company; Canadian Space Agency; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Space Telescope Science Institute","keywords":"James Webb Space Telescope; Telescope; Observatory; Spitzer Space Telescope; Space (punctuation); Astronomy; Aperture (computer memory); Physics; Computer science; History","score_opus":0.014190962327266896,"score_gpt":0.23088544191151608,"score_spread":0.2166944795842492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3173211033","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8687988,0.00030892863,0.00028579636,0.10756828,0.00063972594,0.0006462687,0.000088057874,0.00005961614,0.02160455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939016,0.000022090355,0.0003698082,0.000009856592,0.00014107977,0.00001775171,0.000016004218,0.000011028421,0.0055107996],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903196,0.00007624543,0.0002715289,0.00017118809,0.00019225401,0.00025682244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99830383,0.00049296126,0.00027709344,0.0008029605,0.000077529476,0.000045614128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032360412,0.00012556101,0.00017121242,0.000013831408,0.00069121056,0.000045923716,0.00088103284,0.00003447323,0.00006107533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049554736,0.00006369577,0.0004576291,0.0003824887,0.00045688372,0.00005654039,0.00036605113,0.00018633192,0.000038434788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043601744,0.000040061113,0.8559636,0.000005351336,0.00014629649,2.774555e-10,0.00035450596,0.00033898393,0.000110911205,0.0020922574,0.13935964,0.0015840192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016463394,0.000007752734,0.9194417,0.000016072945,0.00004822596,8.8746916e-8,0.0028546497,0.0009838415,0.0012854652,0.0013233841,0.07379827,0.000075896045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009880494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015991204,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1251028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023716451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000742884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5316303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173508074","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac0410","title":"Chroma+GAS: An Expedited Solution for the Chemical Equilibrium for Cool Stellar Atmospheres","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Diatomic molecule; Physics; Polyatomic ion; Chemical equilibrium; Stars; Stellar atmosphere; Thermodynamic equilibrium; White dwarf; Python (programming language); Astrophysics; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Molecule; Computer science; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.019403733852580676,"score_gpt":0.24086910603516204,"score_spread":0.22146537218258136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3173508074","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9371143,0.0007069598,0.03007574,0.027697496,0.0007909676,0.0018288052,0.0005535274,0.00003981028,0.0011924173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99252033,0.0000034993084,0.006134203,0.000023161138,0.000480177,0.000163997,0.0001411868,0.000017002061,0.00051644223],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998932,0.00005425617,0.00034154288,0.00025077772,0.00014810504,0.00027333075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978439,0.0007461365,0.00029956637,0.00081834366,0.00024240869,0.000049613376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002269958,0.00015001712,0.00023471324,0.0000040713576,0.00036249543,0.000049859358,0.00068764226,0.000059465863,0.00007518798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007553136,0.000090545655,0.0006618634,0.0001676037,0.00038316508,0.0001013499,0.00021885707,0.00012650997,0.0000015734478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010673725,0.0006367186,0.8499996,0.00007430416,0.0014037779,8.6066226e-10,0.0014249693,0.0013505433,0.010464765,0.004114144,0.12578778,0.0046366304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033199629,0.000137066,0.6981138,0.00006891374,0.0013160929,0.0000015172307,0.01194649,0.116369545,0.09442741,0.005332537,0.06832355,0.00064313726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048326856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026868593,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15188585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003854802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012817576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36923447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206211991","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac46ba","title":"Quantum Yield and Charge Diffusion in the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Infrared Detectors","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Simons Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; David and Lucile Packard Foundation","keywords":"Infrared; Telescope; Physics; Astronomy; Spitzer Space Telescope; Detector; Charge (physics); Diffusion; Quantum yield; Yield (engineering); Infrared telescope; Optics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.011764442189907987,"score_gpt":0.2054342662841871,"score_spread":0.1936698240942791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3206211991","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879294,0.00017503511,0.00006315363,0.009125047,0.00012919889,0.0003766744,0.000057362653,0.0000072977664,0.002136845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992067,0.000007318754,0.00013623179,0.000021342714,0.000043747274,0.00006681631,0.000012813153,0.00000817325,0.00049681903],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990553,0.000120022574,0.00025312652,0.00018252042,0.00019221137,0.00019680746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987722,0.00033505395,0.00025926786,0.0005810769,0.000025663465,0.00002676289],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003286357,0.000122038604,0.00018381052,0.00002127026,0.00055803923,0.0000274941,0.00071362156,0.00002330486,0.0001307473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031209056,0.000072216375,0.00023746601,0.00030105916,0.0002244909,0.0000605821,0.00045618374,0.0003037129,0.0000017525707],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006831069,0.00013713498,0.9884316,0.000006505259,0.000052711417,1.1496999e-9,0.0019574314,0.0000859912,0.00022093795,0.0017457345,0.0071129915,0.00024217583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021628404,0.000021449889,0.98807675,0.000009981947,0.000032436805,3.5355708e-7,0.0048715346,0.0007334802,0.00026513136,0.00066002226,0.0050355857,0.000077003184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028327762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059489903,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011277352,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030250238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004067406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4292043},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210993369","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac4812","title":"Jupiter Observing Velocity Experiment (JOVE): Introduction to Wind Rider Solar Electric Propulsion Demonstrator and Science Objectives","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CIMA+ (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Aerospace engineering; Solar wind; Jovian; Physics; Jupiter (rocket family); Ion thruster; Magnetopause; Spacecraft; Planet; Plasma; Astronomy; Saturn; Engineering","score_opus":0.007823856399350687,"score_gpt":0.21149652475323744,"score_spread":0.20367266835388675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3210993369","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891701,0.000025220752,0.0013469502,0.008769841,0.0001564278,0.00037307592,0.00005056921,0.0000075588296,0.00010029133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952167,2.8043868e-7,0.004444258,0.000014255611,0.00010932236,0.000030504913,0.0000064527208,0.0000048258585,0.00017334636],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886054,0.00007909237,0.00022248745,0.00031487423,0.00028725594,0.00023573046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991019,0.00003983678,0.0002069595,0.00050336635,0.00007382176,0.00007411209],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051905966,0.00010020221,0.00012338966,0.000037984333,0.0009956523,0.000052361072,0.0008063938,0.000013268078,0.000115903866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019766136,0.00006995969,0.00013442295,0.0007616366,0.0003705654,0.00024511263,0.0006020129,0.00020953243,0.0000014983664],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014944307,0.00019600666,0.76107824,0.000006327525,0.000043431908,5.221001e-10,0.0017424157,0.0039319308,0.22432327,0.001121999,0.004046301,0.0034950988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012271122,0.000045654673,0.9568701,0.0000045832867,0.00001739672,5.0696974e-7,0.0034442958,0.006141842,0.031313505,0.00021803501,0.0017192349,0.000102184014],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008766666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.563529e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19579178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009443297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019065815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76578534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200550022","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac21de","title":"Euclid: Estimation of the Impact of Correlated Readout Noise for Flux Measurements with the Euclid NISP Instrument*","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Noise (video); Physics; Estimator; Flux (metallurgy); Covariance matrix; Covariance; White noise; Detector; Sky; Optics; Computational physics; Statistics; Astrophysics; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.016813795569896563,"score_gpt":0.23351892331779486,"score_spread":0.2167051277478983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200550022","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914781,0.000013357502,0.0022972145,0.004749533,0.00008925643,0.0008090649,0.00028889274,0.000009258783,0.00026532903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973459,7.787519e-7,0.001963135,0.0000021205246,0.000029507888,0.00007539674,0.00009342246,0.0000179594,0.00047174026],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984961,0.00014410132,0.00060784636,0.00018473304,0.00033673874,0.00023047102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968612,0.00013532698,0.0012018904,0.0011803738,0.00057607127,0.000045089444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048395648,0.00017671875,0.00027602722,0.000022415234,0.0003750657,0.000035514222,0.00095056405,0.000051921685,0.00008615809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000063374624,0.00008919955,0.0007604445,0.0005441289,0.0005301265,0.00023280269,0.00023762253,0.00018305659,0.0000024332974],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021779559,0.0002819729,0.97306186,0.000022985723,0.0004699814,1.210192e-11,0.0011410608,0.015643291,0.0024116123,0.0015456742,0.0052541285,0.00014565831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064749114,0.000033613007,0.97278285,0.00004440608,0.00014738334,2.2887819e-7,0.0015019366,0.013376136,0.010428855,0.00088094233,0.00007395776,0.00008219293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001979862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055018127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008017243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016971807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045593726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3637452},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214687554","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac5158","title":"The Near-infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. II. Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Honeywell (Canada); York University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Saint Mary's University; Université de Montréal; University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrograph; Physics; Telescope; James Webb Space Telescope; Astronomy; Spectroscopy; Calibration; Remote sensing; Galaxy; Galactic astronomy; Field of view; Spitzer Space Telescope; Astrophysics; Optics; Spectral line; Geology; Milky Way","score_opus":0.007437000787490575,"score_gpt":0.21738064189706682,"score_spread":0.20994364110957625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214687554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7449384,0.0022459836,0.0038289991,0.2325569,0.0009231752,0.0023634282,0.00043495864,0.000043805696,0.012664381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948431,0.000031207044,0.002187927,0.00006554747,0.00013933037,0.00018633566,0.000014759164,0.000015611364,0.002516146],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989151,0.00009480264,0.0002605727,0.00022667638,0.00019831666,0.0003045345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972929,0.0014462387,0.00031123706,0.00084249844,0.00006803087,0.000039106133],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004201022,0.00015924248,0.00021481515,0.000011435764,0.0023921796,0.000107874694,0.0009889032,0.000025274028,0.00012334518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049272847,0.000083597,0.00049958995,0.00023095205,0.0006375259,0.000060490358,0.0006198101,0.00030945183,0.0000013001365],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037475238,0.00010164401,0.83277816,0.000009672226,0.00045044682,9.772947e-10,0.00097021833,0.0002005294,0.00016223411,0.0063977707,0.1578166,0.0010752369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007677223,0.00010453625,0.7400154,0.0000142041445,0.0003000543,8.435847e-7,0.014864745,0.0021806494,0.0054276106,0.006073361,0.230004,0.00024690366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014604909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004845869,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24990475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035150882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000870443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99890655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225568629","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac604c","title":"PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia; Western University","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Ames Research Center; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; San José State University; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Space Telescope Science Institute; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stars; Radiative transfer; Physics; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Optics","score_opus":0.0119019393529069,"score_gpt":0.2254376261994641,"score_spread":0.2135356868465572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225568629","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98459584,0.000034379023,0.00006803932,0.008709223,0.000221843,0.0006152329,0.00039059873,0.00001951566,0.005345349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979228,0.0000011004495,0.0013855506,0.000021987915,0.00007875686,0.00014174083,0.000035342517,0.000010773759,0.0004019864],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864125,0.000104442464,0.00028083386,0.0003084987,0.00038657428,0.0002783932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983455,0.0002685936,0.00042392264,0.0007837156,0.00010532828,0.00007293664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002495855,0.00014465912,0.00020940199,0.000028541273,0.00090035587,0.00005910919,0.0012080097,0.00001908179,0.00022996949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036302907,0.00010025049,0.00040276477,0.0005272616,0.00096837437,0.0001049524,0.0005624446,0.00032434837,0.000009708875],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021725931,0.00043537942,0.98464096,0.0000022297406,0.00019901319,1.1937749e-9,0.0014366369,0.0023927048,0.00010901014,0.0019995065,0.0068238066,0.0019390265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003193268,0.0000652213,0.9898644,0.0000067565106,0.00005738145,4.11851e-8,0.0032779754,0.0014697305,0.0005970142,0.00075644226,0.0034866023,0.00009911641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005185636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013794315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013326942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012748466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002172835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69249004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237871878","doi":"10.1086/345919","title":"Period Changes in SX Phoenicis Stars. II. XX Cygni","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Light curve; Period (music); Stars; Diagram; Star (game theory); Astronomy; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.012646305926598855,"score_gpt":0.21490771096095365,"score_spread":0.2022614050343548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237871878","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9711136,0.00017733699,0.00012368207,0.012651246,0.00021445111,0.00035108445,0.00006807092,0.000010907134,0.01528958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99744177,0.000007171888,0.0011044915,0.000016172982,0.000058366768,0.000034390792,0.000012464589,0.000009996902,0.0013152031],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905324,0.00008052041,0.00027548618,0.00019453265,0.00014649711,0.00024973034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890685,0.00011620745,0.0002444413,0.00063152454,0.00006110509,0.000039872717],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024852724,0.00013828646,0.00023808144,0.000022789638,0.00026642802,0.000019818495,0.0005341773,0.000040300114,0.0002826277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003404073,0.00009226209,0.0003327531,0.00027315578,0.00030387484,0.0000597976,0.00018506081,0.00018963021,0.0000060221096],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000035342664,0.00015202977,0.98915875,0.000006047728,0.000110929745,4.4890375e-10,0.001169686,0.00016849187,0.00012689029,0.0022354117,0.0064216387,0.00044659496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035434822,0.000017432238,0.9768918,0.000014121172,0.00004755148,2.080726e-7,0.0027767664,0.00019537887,0.0020984854,0.0007624598,0.016734019,0.00010742802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013318408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018181565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0263281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043123942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007217323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37623388},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244156450","doi":"10.1086/510690","title":"A Search for Evolutionary Changes in the Periods of Cepheids Using Archival Data from the Harvard Observatory Plate Collection. III. GY Sagittae","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Cepheid variable; Physics; Photometry (optics); Astrophysics; Sky; Astronomy; Instability strip; Radial velocity; Stars; Magnitude (astronomy); Geodesy; Geology","score_opus":0.06527119301012839,"score_gpt":0.278494445785197,"score_spread":0.2132232527750686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244156450","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98559856,0.00013887342,0.003570982,0.008178721,0.00018317085,0.00073721085,0.0007594359,0.0000063125494,0.00082670077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995541,0.000007180562,0.003907157,0.00002748867,0.00023261868,0.000026147676,0.00013817166,0.000009845328,0.00011039527],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988146,0.00013794588,0.00035048858,0.00022083003,0.0002242965,0.00025188192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971778,0.0013455031,0.0002759194,0.0010769281,0.000096904754,0.000026950736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00091900956,0.00012595777,0.00021965815,0.000019695883,0.00049473887,0.000027379123,0.0014832634,0.000035931705,0.000042721174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004071389,0.00006911041,0.00026453473,0.00031894757,0.00060044206,0.00008966697,0.000446159,0.00022971806,0.0000011707671],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003834717,0.00012788817,0.9855982,0.000008624632,0.00024250655,7.4314693e-10,0.0021736983,0.00050973444,0.0002674182,0.00059776916,0.010023479,0.00041235576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003388724,0.00001465049,0.98071146,0.000018902376,0.00008579109,2.1817162e-7,0.0066072843,0.0067433836,0.00041636784,0.00045463894,0.0045421883,0.00006623158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013571263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000695876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009942402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005046925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001584453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3805181},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248857636","doi":"10.1086/499387","title":"Editorial","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics","score_opus":0.007989792681555107,"score_gpt":0.2390574083956288,"score_spread":0.2310676157140737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248857636","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011578465,0.00009022277,0.000041695243,0.0076329815,0.98530763,0.00084676757,0.004083415,0.000097485325,0.00074195507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0068797506,0.000011759933,0.0027501674,0.0000037547643,0.9852697,0.00013984661,0.0003196713,0.00015649635,0.0044688294],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953026,0.0003312471,0.0012096657,0.00065712485,0.0018766982,0.0006226364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99134123,0.0011722756,0.002391305,0.0039030777,0.0010393009,0.00015280544],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014625767,0.00051160227,0.0007978195,0.00007095659,0.00046769358,0.00011801635,0.006227882,0.0012347967,0.00012535558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019801455,0.0003355741,0.0028405078,0.0008547878,0.001778224,0.0002616252,0.0016431005,0.002097528,0.00024412556],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026225938,0.00029105908,0.0014016995,0.000033703203,0.00034745454,8.421237e-11,0.00015650972,0.000412758,0.0004915052,0.00014585478,0.9966077,0.00008548392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000567005,0.000017119464,0.0033223552,0.000063435626,0.0002699012,6.950832e-8,0.0001595963,0.00015056643,0.00035053137,0.00024125396,0.9945893,0.0002688462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010592523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012546586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0076292264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009196009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015738751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294222497","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac7f5c","title":"Pattern Recognition Using SVM for the Classification of the Size and Distance of Trans-Neptunian Objects Detected by Serendipitous Stellar Occultations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Occultation; Physics; Light curve; Angular diameter; Stars; Astronomy; Magnitude (astronomy); Solar System; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.01929312009315357,"score_gpt":0.21519312059409426,"score_spread":0.1959000005009407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294222497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9709777,0.000045628538,0.02233269,0.0029326554,0.00008547495,0.0006384146,0.0029376398,0.000004514623,0.00004525444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983806,0.0000015105468,0.0013974584,0.0000071260833,0.000020173882,0.000049087936,0.00006508038,0.0000068122695,0.00007212384],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990535,0.00013765892,0.0003301438,0.00015907941,0.00018271632,0.00013690128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836606,0.00045587998,0.00057799317,0.000474435,0.000099762336,0.000025864045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027490797,0.000092952185,0.0001377204,0.000010403012,0.00059425924,0.000016269132,0.0007037702,0.00002286908,0.0000525535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023195513,0.000055022178,0.0002682991,0.00032503068,0.00043585937,0.00008530869,0.00010409462,0.00015567314,1.3049579e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056305442,0.0005033938,0.80587995,0.00007836415,0.0004158576,4.0786202e-10,0.006306568,0.014085473,0.1468921,0.00049603067,0.0031562326,0.02212969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004339658,0.000035909903,0.9363573,0.00002123075,0.0001633683,2.6099025e-7,0.010618467,0.044661053,0.006202409,0.00038871256,0.001011523,0.00010577139],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001719636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010998691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1406897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002837541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000093361814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45706216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296702908","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac77bd","title":"The JWST Early Release Science Program for the Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Western University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Space Telescope Science Institute; U.S. Department of State; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Exoplanet; James Webb Space Telescope; Direct imaging; Planet; Physics; Observatory; Terrestrial planet; Astrobiology; Coronagraph; Remote sensing; Planetary system; Astronomy; Computer science; Optics; Geology; Galaxy","score_opus":0.008524949850652492,"score_gpt":0.225228429201902,"score_spread":0.2167034793512495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296702908","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9741248,0.0019802304,0.0004480149,0.01623121,0.0006381558,0.0021796753,0.00033430284,0.000024552248,0.0040390664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989469,0.0000101800715,0.0005297199,0.000005296519,0.00007752095,0.000194696,0.000009510472,0.000007544314,0.00021860033],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989822,0.00007441986,0.00027829292,0.00018903926,0.00023631247,0.00023975322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981085,0.0007249449,0.00037565816,0.000668253,0.000088566536,0.00003409441],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006983319,0.00010520243,0.00017092697,0.0000141849905,0.0016102373,0.000087342625,0.0009939915,0.000009365915,0.000009629012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035077173,0.000052907468,0.00024506781,0.0002737527,0.001314878,0.00006882101,0.00038792225,0.0001650377,3.5703582e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014670148,0.00008009077,0.9905164,0.000011474524,0.0001477412,3.5904604e-10,0.00043022333,0.00076677627,0.00021912213,0.0018120905,0.004433572,0.0015677882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022891001,0.000038820875,0.97287804,0.000008981552,0.00012222676,5.2801425e-7,0.0047977627,0.010469988,0.00055803923,0.00030125395,0.010518835,0.000076635006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003990469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014354159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024822142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000339788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000110707304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297215909","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac8f71","title":"BURSTT: Bustling Universe Radio Survey Telescope in Taiwan","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Astronomy; Radio telescope; Telescope; Physics; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.01607275784821716,"score_gpt":0.2141308129491962,"score_spread":0.19805805510097904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297215909","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98927945,0.000023260092,0.0018132805,0.0075597093,0.0001222763,0.00035448038,0.0002811818,0.00001633838,0.0005500067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99681723,3.8878906e-7,0.0024243873,0.000005209014,0.000027421664,0.00006926217,0.00004924205,0.0000134590655,0.00059340434],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882466,0.00018054251,0.00038226866,0.00022094233,0.00014736294,0.00024425698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856263,0.00008347792,0.00037314213,0.0008814666,0.000065562184,0.00003372638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005322995,0.00011881551,0.00021892384,0.000056268615,0.0003958832,0.000017849823,0.0013523324,0.000032988162,0.00024477928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016855254,0.0000947409,0.00035500576,0.00089115044,0.00034881622,0.000109450884,0.00077293854,0.00040662018,0.0000019523889],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048685924,0.00019735328,0.969019,0.0000022295592,0.0000522888,5.876937e-10,0.00019613777,0.014769253,0.00026119658,0.011551555,0.0025105737,0.0014355744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042796115,0.000015288962,0.97921354,0.0000062117538,0.000019455296,1.6571332e-7,0.0047931727,0.003777784,0.0005278577,0.0009286846,0.010183842,0.00010604619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000651128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017113092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010991469,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016614766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020078162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38634217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297514000","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac8a77","title":"ATOCA: an Algorithm to Treat Order Contamination. Application to the NIRISS SOSS Mode","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; McGill University; Bishop's University; University of Victoria; Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Exoplanet; Spectrograph; Spectral resolution; Physics; Pixel; Detector; SIGNAL (programming language); Optics; Remote sensing; Computer science; Algorithm; Astrophysics; Spectral line; Planet; Astronomy; Geology","score_opus":0.009184630981951533,"score_gpt":0.2336665649044807,"score_spread":0.2244819339225292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297514000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73250055,0.000084842584,0.1540643,0.102748685,0.00045714335,0.0031370753,0.0009125313,0.000054764958,0.00604011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939204,6.9929445e-7,0.0039535463,0.000094613526,0.0001443854,0.00048734862,0.00008343398,0.000013984218,0.0013016253],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998835,0.00012444452,0.0002980974,0.0002638419,0.00025998452,0.00021860888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998414,0.00015629665,0.00022750141,0.0009786197,0.00015155374,0.000072044815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030480363,0.00013954136,0.00018871187,0.000023393912,0.0008474442,0.000036253034,0.0011087934,0.000022371254,0.00010650757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000165194,0.00008728654,0.0002529035,0.0005117078,0.00014137267,0.00007659457,0.00047870245,0.00018866819,0.000013398337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015184296,0.00037156383,0.8992989,0.000005155446,0.00018473975,5.0369e-10,0.0035548657,0.028997108,0.00014891243,0.003777657,0.04197314,0.021672776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035725578,0.000058514957,0.926231,0.0000038994212,0.00011428142,3.9312079e-7,0.007720818,0.02061883,0.00070938707,0.000897242,0.04310985,0.00017850647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005157316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011075707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2614198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009023547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077396566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65179414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304175731","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac9430","title":"APPLESOSS: A Producer of ProfiLEs for SOSS. Application to the NIRISS SOSS Mode","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; McGill University; University of Victoria; Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Exoplanet; Computer science; Detector; Atmosphere (unit); Spectrograph; Environmental science; Physics; Remote sensing; Spectral line; Astronomy; Planet; Telecommunications; Geology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.012327460044413032,"score_gpt":0.23545931236497264,"score_spread":0.2231318523205596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4304175731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8701213,0.00023259492,0.032265272,0.0859241,0.00040966872,0.0059817154,0.0018461113,0.000036292666,0.00318292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99561816,9.564376e-7,0.0023321908,0.000024037405,0.00014750556,0.0011518706,0.00007086399,0.0000137478055,0.00064065977],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887586,0.00007241146,0.0003731712,0.00024654507,0.00022243294,0.00020959019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982302,0.00022225824,0.00044257907,0.0009338915,0.0001376849,0.00003337633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040453856,0.00012756581,0.00022579968,0.000018006045,0.0005857406,0.000017283879,0.0010742322,0.000021703643,0.000045863275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027760516,0.00007692375,0.0004517651,0.00031246536,0.00025297597,0.00004423549,0.0004563177,0.00016107522,0.0000025477893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030138195,0.00029453085,0.919821,0.000030079904,0.00029895382,7.237728e-11,0.0021421965,0.013593486,0.0006141905,0.005390594,0.055381395,0.0024034146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057768903,0.000063619475,0.89698213,0.000012806943,0.00022961984,2.8973895e-7,0.009048839,0.009694096,0.008070853,0.0037008226,0.07139473,0.00022449615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020025736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036824108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12549683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004546563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010196613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45051023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310220193","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac9e74","title":"APERO: A PipelinE to Reduce Observations—Demonstration with SPIRou","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Pipeline (software); Environmental science; Astrobiology; Computer science; Physics; Operating system","score_opus":0.01850647721199645,"score_gpt":0.20419091254927849,"score_spread":0.18568443533728204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310220193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97026676,0.000009910537,0.013882492,0.014829986,0.00013273612,0.00049603207,0.00012155623,0.000047420468,0.00021312243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97811323,9.2472703e-7,0.021218514,0.000046836733,0.000035090026,0.00020086573,0.00004756181,0.000018031826,0.00031891622],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903065,0.000044447108,0.0003959071,0.00015406968,0.00021012027,0.00016480825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990526,0.000048236365,0.00016973565,0.00059861166,0.000080271435,0.00005058828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018944296,0.000112332054,0.00014036674,0.00003035293,0.00034095338,0.00002531229,0.00065595034,0.000027979491,0.000072047864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021576667,0.00008137322,0.0001995429,0.0006850695,0.0001298632,0.00018863588,0.00019480613,0.00020071099,0.000002734528],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018750183,0.00017693879,0.27930874,0.000018037446,0.00009527632,4.791572e-10,0.00053549185,0.6598559,0.02747059,0.004033537,0.026248232,0.0022384785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003520216,0.000047802878,0.9126621,0.000011202718,0.000043509604,6.1128696e-7,0.0012914119,0.062802605,0.0074022813,0.00012899895,0.0151134655,0.0001440062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003322886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008001094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63335335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021565217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007544621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33183035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311886474","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aca717","title":"Tracking ALMA System Temperature with Water Vapor Data at High Frequency","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Water vapor; Remote sensing; Calibration; Telescope; Millimeter; Observatory; Physics; Radiometer; Microwave radiometer; Data set; Environmental science; W band; Meteorology; Optics; Computer science; Astrophysics; Geology","score_opus":0.013944968900489647,"score_gpt":0.19843720392672368,"score_spread":0.18449223502623402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311886474","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856654,0.000021619318,0.00066828204,0.011831097,0.00013674336,0.00042657327,0.0008725314,0.000035438403,0.0003423499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994155,1.4197902e-7,0.004513362,0.000007399696,0.00006966232,0.00014296372,0.00034284376,0.000020147963,0.0007484799],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987265,0.00008753217,0.00037001522,0.00033508235,0.00020569446,0.00027521266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973532,0.00004428839,0.00034135586,0.0021385953,0.00008384841,0.000038713388],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028664703,0.00015249936,0.00023498309,0.000027090156,0.00087319565,0.000033966473,0.0022929802,0.000040606967,0.00027421073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034196364,0.000086089305,0.00024823876,0.00033057106,0.0003158478,0.00018923228,0.0013697405,0.0003624,0.000003597254],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011021335,0.00025633303,0.94269353,0.00001964772,0.0004097941,3.411787e-9,0.0002946589,0.00426179,0.009194297,0.034004986,0.008249109,0.00060480146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020406374,0.00011975427,0.8919356,0.00006553018,0.0004476322,0.000008394783,0.015340458,0.0052903057,0.042029604,0.0015824336,0.04045844,0.0006812072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018650753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034803145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050757956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017112821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000107731794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67160034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312052422","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aca4f9","title":"SImMER: A Pipeline for Reducing and Analyzing Images of Stars","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Heising-Simons Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Pipeline (software); Computer graphics (images); Telescope; Sky; Python (programming language); Modular design; Source code; Table (database); Artificial intelligence; Physics; Astrophysics; Database; Operating system","score_opus":0.012760797822144104,"score_gpt":0.22863160035954622,"score_spread":0.21587080253740212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312052422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835343,0.00033545858,0.0036046696,0.01007418,0.00013988464,0.00047988084,0.00045380593,0.000007473841,0.0013703543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967333,0.0000036528616,0.0027194354,0.0000051348097,0.000047048965,0.000036484984,0.000024749163,0.000007029384,0.00042317205],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992961,0.000047749683,0.00027973676,0.00014164583,0.00010229601,0.00013242653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891615,0.00027180446,0.00035173382,0.00036962016,0.00006821663,0.000022493225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002862749,0.00008083879,0.0001945272,0.000017695387,0.0003363098,0.000010182988,0.0003572616,0.000011747929,0.000053601016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025183797,0.000057458907,0.00031880976,0.00016334552,0.00024008182,0.00004309305,0.00030019594,0.00011175392,1.4377707e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010495967,0.00009057447,0.98282117,0.000016988488,0.00018523476,8.903177e-11,0.0005607499,0.0020631298,0.0006815362,0.00055362866,0.011353854,0.0016626316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005081209,0.000031185038,0.97763586,0.000013876307,0.00020294052,1.9105127e-7,0.0058502206,0.0065728277,0.0037082643,0.00095533725,0.0044107395,0.00011045044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014308281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.335825e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013199,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020243528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004656582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2586657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313829190","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acac52","title":"Global Extinction: Gemini North and South GMOS Combined Photometry Relative to the Gaia Catalog, and Long-term Atmospheric Change","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Photometry (optics); Radiance; Environmental science; Sky; Physics; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Astronomy; Geography; Stars","score_opus":0.015814152911377034,"score_gpt":0.21033381032050505,"score_spread":0.19451965740912802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313829190","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99006903,0.00027882017,0.00013771962,0.0081222085,0.00016173307,0.0005048506,0.00046198547,0.000014925784,0.00024875265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985608,0.0000140949405,0.0008622787,0.000120296696,0.000042747528,0.000032417003,0.000049927887,0.0000038181306,0.00031365675],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900985,0.000105610496,0.00023062102,0.0002351261,0.0002081662,0.0002106023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990309,0.00010381638,0.00025193713,0.0004933738,0.000036109694,0.00008386718],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021013024,0.00011855445,0.0001630104,0.0000026199882,0.0007398654,0.00004179102,0.0006253839,0.000032783722,0.00033930235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028032187,0.000069915746,0.00015626273,0.00070077146,0.00037926767,0.00013946547,0.00034733026,0.0001721173,0.000006862017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018534764,0.000028233893,0.99437565,0.000006811274,0.00005361995,4.0617696e-9,0.00126816,0.00059451803,0.0000027860306,0.00003380865,0.0011771981,0.0024407008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018073186,0.00006253747,0.99301195,0.0000035643436,0.00004319176,0.000002496091,0.0025667592,0.0026199971,0.0000034784239,0.000054623404,0.0013751611,0.00007553692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027755174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016740749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008491758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027638276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046106376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56905216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319313355","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ac9a74","title":"The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for JWST. V. Kernel Phase Imaging and Data Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; University of Victoria; McGill University; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal","funders":"Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; H2020 European Research Council; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Heising-Simons Foundation; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Space Telescope Science Institute","keywords":"Spectrograph; Infrared; Remote sensing; Kernel (algebra); James Webb Space Telescope; Phase (matter); Physics; Optics; Astronomy; Environmental science; Geology; Spectral line; Mathematics; Telescope","score_opus":0.01895517098555448,"score_gpt":0.2747524298457113,"score_spread":0.2557972588601568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319313355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96032953,0.00065620453,0.004006172,0.03128328,0.00016105424,0.000771119,0.0010599577,0.00003445189,0.0016982456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972086,0.000027818178,0.0020409022,0.0000080783475,0.00006699875,0.000028674229,0.00015125498,0.000008305744,0.00045938196],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992058,0.000041829055,0.00021399766,0.0002359507,0.00009988035,0.0002024977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982499,0.00049699855,0.00021048817,0.00094369287,0.00005999817,0.00003891608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040563304,0.000104804516,0.00018989401,0.00002292135,0.0006215992,0.00011615373,0.0006571785,0.00001649915,0.000012642696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003776813,0.000060338396,0.00027683328,0.00045014833,0.0006452845,0.00010142839,0.0005041148,0.000097467666,0.0000010309868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000750439,0.00003918507,0.97558814,0.000006348375,0.0007870023,4.0490494e-10,0.00029405614,0.00004406633,0.00004147372,0.0007364964,0.019901844,0.002553869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004360408,0.000006120195,0.95608455,0.0000041823723,0.0005060663,9.678457e-8,0.002345448,0.029330658,0.000096320844,0.0018155382,0.009298998,0.000075994874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000067547786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002811714,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036879074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008141712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032354008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47809014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319593716","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acaebd","title":"The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. IV. Aperture Masking Interferometry","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Honeywell (Canada); Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Canadian Space Agency; University of Victoria; Université de Montréal","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Spectrograph; Physics; Interferometry; Optics; Masking (illustration); Telescope; Astronomy; James Webb Space Telescope; Infrared; Spitzer Space Telescope; Aperture (computer memory); Remote sensing; Geology; Spectral line; Art","score_opus":0.0104064349919825,"score_gpt":0.22340334216269592,"score_spread":0.21299690717071343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319593716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78727585,0.0021660062,0.0059445202,0.1922899,0.0009117217,0.0023884613,0.00041422585,0.0000948024,0.008514516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99664795,0.000051113053,0.0012240903,0.000028326274,0.00014557033,0.000078708115,0.000019173662,0.00001592425,0.0017891495],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990783,0.000060283724,0.00023577253,0.00019796491,0.00014436198,0.0002833332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972203,0.0017074776,0.00024626424,0.0007104668,0.00007947472,0.00003605056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003884036,0.00015106237,0.00019646306,0.000018577317,0.000961671,0.00015001014,0.00080182817,0.000039291644,0.000026542719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082335966,0.00007151511,0.00046299872,0.00041052743,0.0007818151,0.000072313094,0.00037538056,0.00023023969,0.0000052588402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016458649,0.00003963333,0.9129164,0.000016298018,0.0005506575,6.8422934e-10,0.0009850297,0.00010924459,0.00013967545,0.002605526,0.08012633,0.0024947198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031601934,0.000017702088,0.9165054,0.000022833805,0.0001278443,2.886035e-7,0.008828566,0.003470782,0.0005040027,0.0017903418,0.06830206,0.00011415665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046710826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023744858,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2093721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019232157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046589685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7396493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319604418","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/aca3d3","title":"Spectroscopic Time-series Performance of JWST/NIRSpec from Commissioning Observations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Transit (satellite); Series (stratigraphy); Physics; Filter (signal processing); James Webb Space Telescope; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Planet; Computer science; Telescope; Engineering; Biology","score_opus":0.01850400545842045,"score_gpt":0.21850208601546736,"score_spread":0.1999980805570469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319604418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883093,0.000045636105,0.000116928866,0.007025208,0.00013318677,0.00018313964,0.00010941032,0.00002076253,0.004056433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948728,0.000009538152,0.0022355453,0.000004421901,0.000091433234,0.00001583506,0.000075670396,0.00000897409,0.0026857865],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991544,0.000040573155,0.00033020074,0.00014531249,0.00015676442,0.00017277614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986695,0.00024536642,0.00033781593,0.00062974606,0.00008587153,0.00003167337],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013771032,0.00011022919,0.00022680452,0.000019089668,0.00031090158,0.000016577038,0.00060888194,0.000030982228,0.00022526424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002676722,0.00007415957,0.0002997348,0.00037968624,0.00035790534,0.00011185628,0.00026104067,0.00013926985,0.000022743248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000050503654,0.000052808282,0.98619825,0.000009047412,0.00014983267,1.7077852e-10,0.0004965823,0.0007135633,0.0009956725,0.0008994557,0.010311311,0.00016840863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015360872,0.00001321932,0.98819906,0.000029681012,0.00005270334,2.4014344e-8,0.0008916374,0.0025013417,0.0052990112,0.0007161413,0.0020809872,0.000062565254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013709179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012501432,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008230324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022627011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006844887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30241397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320498734","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acac53","title":"Performance of NIRCam on JWST in Flight","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":371,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Victoria; Université de Montréal; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; National Research Council Canada; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Goddard Space Flight Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Astrobiology; Physics","score_opus":0.01558729364621754,"score_gpt":0.21963529397996104,"score_spread":0.20404800033374348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320498734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868511,0.000011346376,0.0007696,0.011313579,0.00023791273,0.00014660935,0.000027874952,0.000037956343,0.0006040389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950032,0.000012419084,0.0045453925,0.000014587216,0.000022691918,0.000011054428,0.0000054465527,0.000004920983,0.00038029195],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904037,0.00005888716,0.0003277616,0.00018625279,0.00020678596,0.00017992828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982412,0.00018734019,0.00024165078,0.0012422382,0.00005865759,0.000028941446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041402358,0.000076227654,0.0001444434,0.000044770677,0.0001145123,0.000018910303,0.0020337729,0.00005165905,0.00000949168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048072747,0.00004879054,0.00022973472,0.0009924801,0.00021803023,0.00013841961,0.0005602801,0.00017559373,0.000014176215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015277195,0.0004074973,0.79135203,0.00005572122,0.00006057214,2.8926777e-9,0.0015455349,0.07620335,0.004152499,0.02358312,0.09500175,0.007622633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001615631,0.000020869262,0.8519813,0.000047682763,0.0000043089044,1.803695e-7,0.00013091785,0.13917874,0.005040933,0.00025258493,0.0031177464,0.000063199885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012500759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010604402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.091884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032460834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004976949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37792897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4324349229","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acb846","title":"In-orbit Performance of the Near-infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec on the James Webb Space Telescope","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrograph; James Webb Space Telescope; Orbit (dynamics); Physics; Infrared; Astronomy; Spitzer Space Telescope; Telescope; Spectral line; Aerospace engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.011037440261755585,"score_gpt":0.2109443163067704,"score_spread":0.19990687604501484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4324349229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95096666,0.00005562197,0.000009234661,0.037673276,0.00019621376,0.00043347024,0.000051404695,0.000012550614,0.010601566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99759674,0.00002003409,0.00021846654,0.000028852548,0.000094293144,0.00003648923,0.0000069974267,0.000012131008,0.0019860028],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988559,0.00010141034,0.0003149562,0.00019793789,0.00024856097,0.00028122278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980176,0.00042881264,0.000375606,0.0010795689,0.00006947802,0.000028947272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036243832,0.00015954673,0.0002440334,0.000025518466,0.00040104738,0.000035404355,0.0011787632,0.000039722578,0.00011871377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000407447,0.00007868646,0.0005560689,0.0007930007,0.0007769442,0.00007679804,0.00035207273,0.00032192594,0.000020506091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010432995,0.00009008664,0.9519269,0.0000106656125,0.00015352198,5.964684e-10,0.00078202004,0.000759782,0.000074245516,0.003668516,0.042323563,0.00020025628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020581757,0.000020421914,0.9853264,0.000035486602,0.000041457482,1.0792967e-7,0.002269523,0.0012014828,0.0025278067,0.00084384513,0.007448859,0.000078754376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013385128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040724267,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04663007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003513441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009512196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32087407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362580528","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acb293","title":"The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":417,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Canadian Space Agency; Université de Montréal","funders":"California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"James Webb Space Telescope; Project commissioning; Telescope; Spacecraft; Suite; Asteroid; Physics; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Computer science; Astrobiology; Geology; Publishing; History","score_opus":0.014895645172648924,"score_gpt":0.235719541787377,"score_spread":0.22082389661472807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362580528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98888713,0.000020525487,0.000009258618,0.006511668,0.00013185559,0.000179597,0.0000131029765,0.0000071622662,0.004239725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991237,0.0000114620125,0.0001520185,0.000003859003,0.000033260392,0.00001788279,0.0000059086387,0.0000047215785,0.00064718776],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991177,0.00004160845,0.00030085412,0.00012956302,0.00019711361,0.00021319873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870497,0.00030969313,0.00030388715,0.0005696137,0.000082715866,0.00002914569],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006168918,0.00008093429,0.00015684075,0.000025386742,0.0005204671,0.000025943638,0.0009581477,0.000018262599,0.000025798594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057811238,0.000043827764,0.00019446535,0.0006642977,0.0009316661,0.00009530989,0.00035667908,0.0001490972,0.000007932887],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007142086,0.000036232814,0.99508375,0.000006180504,0.000033561715,1.4725451e-10,0.00056274695,0.00023958128,0.0011914021,0.00096938794,0.0008585617,0.0010114347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015901885,0.000008706061,0.99005973,0.000023593067,0.000012029904,5.9176855e-8,0.0013512908,0.003180518,0.0037487051,0.00020428543,0.0012099672,0.00004207459],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000085338324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.4442945e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010236595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025005505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012624127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40030646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366828454","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acc974","title":"Applied Machine-Learning Models to Identify Spectral Sub-Types of M Dwarfs from Photometric Surveys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Planetary Science Division; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Thailand Science Research and Innovation; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; National Central University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Queen's University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Queen's University Belfast; Universität Basel; National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand; Space Telescope Science Institute; New Mexico State University; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Portsmouth; Fermilab; National Science Foundation; Case Western Reserve University; University of Pittsburgh; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; European Space Agency; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; Durham University; Drexel University; U.S. Naval Observatory; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stellar classification; Sky; Physics; Photometry (optics); Random forest; Stars; Astrophysics; Brown dwarf; Virtual observatory; Exoplanet; Multilayer perceptron; Artificial intelligence; Astronomy; Computer science; Artificial neural network","score_opus":0.030029870654895065,"score_gpt":0.24407340740247183,"score_spread":0.21404353674757676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366828454","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99162585,0.000054521013,0.0029042067,0.0012212837,0.00014549326,0.00032326448,0.00022164534,0.000026567823,0.0034771434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985568,0.000006978577,0.00089519954,0.0000041742524,0.00007696668,0.000024147566,0.0000990259,0.000014665772,0.00032202684],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880093,0.000121259654,0.00037588188,0.00022911414,0.00023315223,0.00023965331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847937,0.00048392123,0.00033014314,0.0005682098,0.00008233712,0.000055997094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005379194,0.00014199411,0.00030812595,0.00007306551,0.00019751141,0.000026328677,0.0007354328,0.000039934803,0.000084429346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034431654,0.000100735044,0.00042973575,0.0010506391,0.000179984,0.00006459765,0.00034585787,0.00020680449,0.000025078254],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062459044,0.00007363327,0.9791561,0.000008015925,0.00031446986,4.6613113e-10,0.0006534261,0.0145478975,0.0015182792,0.0005898896,0.0024427841,0.0006892881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019716853,0.000008842247,0.98422897,0.0000084902995,0.00006919584,2.3148877e-8,0.0007758267,0.0063796206,0.0063299276,0.0017205355,0.0001916986,0.00008971162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008274538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006836309,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008168276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028430472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000457462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4107856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366975678","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acbcf4","title":"How Dark the Sky: The JWST Backgrounds","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Space Telescope Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Stray light; Observatory; James Webb Space Telescope; Physics; Thermal; Astronomy; Remote sensing; Sky; Optics; Meteorology; Galaxy; Geology","score_opus":0.020991775474290444,"score_gpt":0.229808937617814,"score_spread":0.20881716214352358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366975678","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7673413,0.00004586021,0.004926326,0.22056901,0.00038648403,0.0006695907,0.0001959448,0.000037312486,0.0058281454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99317735,0.000001948915,0.00075408665,0.000029374092,0.00021175318,0.000026100332,0.000019846791,0.00001885071,0.0057606916],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891436,0.00010986925,0.0002575605,0.00019792482,0.00022832498,0.00029194134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979231,0.00030903248,0.00035595635,0.0012475945,0.0001229184,0.000041444408],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047660986,0.0001490048,0.00017456744,0.000013750458,0.0008270345,0.00014980172,0.0013250172,0.000038957576,0.000025889489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002684312,0.0000668833,0.0006977261,0.0005282817,0.000827177,0.00011780935,0.000579041,0.0003058376,0.000015165286],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016550117,0.000346654,0.3577798,0.000020599875,0.001341042,2.3966649e-9,0.0034792998,0.005312889,0.0062004062,0.29786465,0.31962836,0.008009771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048278438,0.000023051496,0.80889654,0.000036700127,0.00022368527,3.8765268e-7,0.025075188,0.021294462,0.0022296477,0.018898616,0.12254988,0.00028908908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000061901424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023934795,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4511167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041275835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000088110515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6360964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367852169","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acc973","title":"Revisiting Emission-line Measurement Methods for Narrow-line Active Galactic Nuclei","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; Western University","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; National Science Foundation; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Active galactic nucleus; Line (geometry); Physics; Emission spectrum; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Spectral line; Galaxy","score_opus":0.05136446951885129,"score_gpt":0.3112559786236921,"score_spread":0.2598915091048408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367852169","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7334446,0.00085238647,0.084565565,0.15627512,0.0019792973,0.004798739,0.00060373306,0.00026121354,0.017219367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98663664,0.0000041628346,0.012206635,0.0000131520665,0.00026699723,0.00007928995,0.000036640256,0.00001883763,0.0007376376],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867445,0.0001423084,0.0004306209,0.0002494801,0.00022188756,0.00028125432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99785,0.00066222576,0.00049486104,0.00065146515,0.0002797546,0.00006169995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001066611,0.00016299046,0.0003035312,0.000026387164,0.00045429435,0.000026939522,0.0005968433,0.00004444249,0.00006882869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026970103,0.0001059552,0.00066280883,0.00039319127,0.00020424246,0.00008152271,0.00024521197,0.00019052195,0.000006096956],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059919705,0.00023166063,0.9270043,0.000107017906,0.0010051781,8.90551e-10,0.0013702335,0.002509391,0.005125385,0.0015232977,0.028782481,0.032281168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083946093,0.000045769946,0.9308459,0.000103871906,0.0003888614,2.9928995e-7,0.0042208517,0.021199187,0.020746976,0.0037667833,0.017572852,0.00026915607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036426452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.0842017e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25319207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007324354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000099794794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43207276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385077724","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acd7a3","title":"The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Canadian Space Agency; Université de Montréal; Honeywell (Canada); University of Victoria; University of Calgary; Bishop's University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrograph; James Webb Space Telescope; Physics; Optics; Grism; Noise (video); Transit (satellite); Exoplanet; Detector; Telescope; Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph; Pixel; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Computer science; Galaxy; Planet; Spectral line; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.011727035399928854,"score_gpt":0.22865353259191162,"score_spread":0.21692649719198276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385077724","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9055128,0.0012552317,0.0023113086,0.076604724,0.00073892204,0.0021341692,0.0003129101,0.0000837239,0.011046202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954039,0.00005520827,0.0018557649,0.000017963843,0.00020695597,0.000105158055,0.000022547878,0.000020794992,0.0023117187],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988424,0.00007456413,0.00028476605,0.00024354344,0.00018394207,0.0003707863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99749494,0.0011916349,0.00030575582,0.0008624762,0.00009957065,0.000045644272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004388296,0.00018189491,0.00024580356,0.00001765072,0.0011488807,0.00017777072,0.00083719974,0.00004001649,0.000030995106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000498196,0.00009097119,0.00051674584,0.00041042615,0.0010440601,0.00007916142,0.00032494924,0.0002126738,0.0000069649],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035517372,0.00011017743,0.8681432,0.000020918606,0.00069511385,1.5366589e-9,0.0014449068,0.0002100762,0.0008825201,0.0054491805,0.121328466,0.001679919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006607173,0.000041878207,0.9178656,0.000025510137,0.00022676549,4.0088744e-7,0.010393209,0.0023402711,0.006813813,0.0042474414,0.05719036,0.00019405344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000119663324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007079529,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.089891076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003133874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007968294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8836377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385077755","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ace3f7","title":"Rubin Observatory LSST Stars Milky Way and Local Volume Star Clusters Roadmap","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; McMaster University; University of Toronto; Western University; McGill University","funders":"Heising-Simons Foundation","keywords":"Milky Way; Physics; Stars; Star cluster; Observatory; Sky; Astronomy; Star (game theory); Astrophysics; Globular cluster; Cluster (spacecraft); Computer science","score_opus":0.01607171273971569,"score_gpt":0.2116603820092887,"score_spread":0.195588669269573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385077755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98554564,0.000100737176,0.00035675243,0.011964521,0.00022494729,0.0002995513,0.00013411169,0.000028629582,0.0013451412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971871,0.000009072966,0.00059085636,0.000022513159,0.00008390923,0.000024718733,0.000046100144,0.000014429748,0.002021318],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998886,0.00007327109,0.00032807293,0.00023722806,0.00019139428,0.00028401718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987712,0.00019907187,0.00024190798,0.0006430667,0.0000725984,0.00007218895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029011496,0.00015729174,0.00024697298,0.00002244157,0.00032749012,0.000030468429,0.00057771755,0.000048502585,0.000071231494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001840859,0.000108298584,0.00036199865,0.00030776107,0.0006918915,0.000099396384,0.00039612703,0.00019838543,0.000019450592],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062587646,0.000051303927,0.9412551,0.00001470229,0.0002111659,9.377696e-10,0.00062754384,0.00060985354,0.00007152446,0.0003421424,0.055881534,0.00092886866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026510356,0.000012684912,0.97856206,0.000013160221,0.000064539,9.925776e-8,0.0035437006,0.006495339,0.00020114468,0.00035822263,0.010381149,0.000102783386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022136814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052583937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045500387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004282534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000068094654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4416288},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385483485","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acea43","title":"Identification of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars with Multimodal Fusion","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of Colorado Boulder; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Oxford; York University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik","keywords":"Transformer; Computer science; Encoder; Sensor fusion; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.009398936178094477,"score_gpt":0.21499390703372023,"score_spread":0.20559497085562575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385483485","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948662,0.000017789516,0.001264562,0.0025132596,0.00013373306,0.00031046642,0.00012602135,0.000016453314,0.00075153325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878854,0.0000034198542,0.0005777147,0.0000019598256,0.00006107663,0.000024482757,0.000051839288,0.000010385829,0.00048056245],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990147,0.000049789563,0.00036745387,0.00017959093,0.00021557976,0.00017292496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862355,0.00015706105,0.00045028984,0.00061358034,0.00012341324,0.00003212472],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023664742,0.00011381119,0.00020205941,0.00002689896,0.00021214392,0.000016081107,0.00051958655,0.000034008972,0.00004060344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016784294,0.00007103087,0.0003126431,0.00041584912,0.00037418713,0.00008463261,0.00017832223,0.00012599892,0.000008769],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013648633,0.0001078784,0.98888695,0.000014786564,0.00018591125,3.004526e-10,0.00077253586,0.001320055,0.003619189,0.00054019917,0.0032535703,0.0012852718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002919312,0.00001913229,0.9861028,0.000015193542,0.00006661143,9.21488e-8,0.0016736977,0.0021495344,0.0088990005,0.0002262142,0.00048754114,0.000068238754],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015453593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042948454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0052798116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023479271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063098676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28965548},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386554104","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acd41b","title":"The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. I. Instrument Overview and In-flight Performance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Saint Mary's University; University of Calgary; University of Victoria; Bishop's University; Honeywell (Canada); Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Canadian Space Agency; Université de Montréal; Montreal Clinical Research Institute","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université de Montréal; Space Telescope Science Institute; Eli Lilly and Company; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"James Webb Space Telescope; Exoplanet; Spectrograph; Physics; Optics; Coronagraph; Remote sensing; Spectroscopy; Photometry (optics); Astronomy; Telescope; Interferometry; Bolometer; Broadband; Planet; Detector; Stars; Spectral line","score_opus":0.01392200591814563,"score_gpt":0.2241789318666362,"score_spread":0.21025692594849058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386554104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96508366,0.0011442067,0.000048081656,0.031775318,0.00012053026,0.0006518855,0.00004756061,0.0000102972845,0.001118489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981732,0.00046633944,0.00055421976,0.000014207876,0.00005613731,0.00008777019,0.000007796438,0.000008492197,0.00063186925],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992545,0.000042747175,0.0002109424,0.00015812067,0.00011102161,0.00022264346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874276,0.0005324542,0.00017951585,0.00047481054,0.000042789256,0.000027693417],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003604775,0.00011717836,0.00016631938,0.000013430414,0.0006217824,0.00008751133,0.00042974096,0.000023979685,0.000010476484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019596455,0.000056649733,0.00019428744,0.00027344184,0.00063053,0.00007679913,0.00027801172,0.00014130486,0.0000019259098],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010417664,0.000025121832,0.9834949,0.00002121072,0.00015078763,3.0487723e-10,0.0005449116,0.0000838609,0.000019238229,0.0015562079,0.009738107,0.0043552537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027166485,0.000011233874,0.965737,0.00002098747,0.000048737715,1.4479882e-7,0.002140433,0.0026193077,0.00028161265,0.0006961643,0.028110603,0.00006210418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005186993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047946282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033089537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016262748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004304856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.478231},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387882078","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acf61c","title":"The Adaptive Optics System for the Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph: Performance Modeling","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Dalhousie University; University of British Columbia; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto; Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust","keywords":"Spectrograph; Adaptive optics; Telescope; Integral field spectrograph; Zenith; Physics; Optics; Field of view; Spectral resolution; Point spread function; Computer science; Remote sensing; Astronomy","score_opus":0.030097842318179007,"score_gpt":0.24055453016221717,"score_spread":0.21045668784403818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387882078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8235596,0.00012903452,0.16341081,0.008483386,0.00059587305,0.0020481746,0.00034456584,0.00007827678,0.0013503055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904981,0.000009510581,0.008287625,0.000003856217,0.00015649345,0.00009604422,0.000013558807,0.000023582428,0.00091118115],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987791,0.000054573313,0.0004111809,0.00020796894,0.00018969338,0.00035746346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978905,0.00051385525,0.00040159858,0.0009219304,0.00023020308,0.00004195743],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006018021,0.00016447064,0.00019950558,0.000020342786,0.0013239878,0.00008388708,0.0010349262,0.00004413888,0.000002074626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027061398,0.00008177752,0.000746041,0.00042852105,0.00044160834,0.000095751646,0.00036134347,0.0002473946,0.00000390595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013431671,0.0003982559,0.1151075,0.000100146855,0.0028334293,2.644932e-9,0.0045813867,0.65847284,0.0023831306,0.19414787,0.012581882,0.009259264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028709957,0.000018110712,0.019413818,0.000034241344,0.00009358359,1.1482203e-7,0.013618449,0.96412766,0.00087834214,0.00062704814,0.0008022483,0.00009927437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032830383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015615395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30565485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006641107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010491086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388126130","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acff88","title":"Workshop Summary: Exoplanet Orbits and Dynamics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; European Commission; Science and Technology Facilities Council; H2020 European Research Council; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Exoplanet; Planet; Planetary system; Orbital elements; Physics; Orbital mechanics; Stars; Astronomy; Astrobiology; Computer science; Satellite","score_opus":0.01390197848613902,"score_gpt":0.22156177177661524,"score_spread":0.2076597932904762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388126130","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97039115,0.000105723215,0.00028084026,0.018255007,0.0002686599,0.0003309216,0.00021067324,0.00003586435,0.0101211425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967245,0.000012989759,0.000396251,0.00000859093,0.00007936323,0.000015655725,0.0000954223,0.000009471862,0.0026577744],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992347,0.00004167867,0.00022777787,0.00016830863,0.00012557897,0.00020198416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888396,0.0003159787,0.0001949777,0.0005162964,0.00004549577,0.000043311513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018481814,0.00011372557,0.00018421095,0.000019096842,0.0002452749,0.000027260417,0.00046472074,0.000038562062,0.000043953012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000227985,0.000074068616,0.00022301437,0.00032786152,0.000356847,0.000057901652,0.00032404042,0.00015637769,0.000010010693],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029574803,0.000031937572,0.9573983,0.000008451229,0.00013672443,4.567105e-10,0.00023397339,0.00028600811,0.000011242089,0.002285031,0.038561773,0.001043583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001596195,0.0000048541674,0.9884852,0.000014258028,0.00005262292,1.6541917e-7,0.0015726142,0.0050107627,0.000067380824,0.0010383675,0.0035190673,0.00007509131],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008277389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006886931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035042703,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021507822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039495208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30204305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388200537","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acff87","title":"Improvement of Digest2 NEO Classification Code—utilizing the Astrometry Data Exchange Standard","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Harvard University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Astrometry; Computer science; Population; Orbit determination; Algorithm; Physics; Astronomy; Stars; Satellite; Computer vision","score_opus":0.050702107810579725,"score_gpt":0.2687899243315274,"score_spread":0.21808781652094766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388200537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97668165,0.000040237024,0.0032460873,0.014418272,0.00023011139,0.00059035886,0.003541889,0.00002431226,0.0012270526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99782306,0.0000048440934,0.0012733736,0.000007758346,0.00006413372,0.000022376242,0.00026091404,0.000008995567,0.00053451915],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986129,0.00007257806,0.00043252826,0.00027629698,0.0003421858,0.00026352072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99717736,0.00022294513,0.0005559337,0.0018918491,0.00010023666,0.00005166075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008704217,0.00012574252,0.00019610004,0.00003025594,0.00032523827,0.00003850503,0.0024987091,0.00003438515,0.00012103205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027138527,0.000072154064,0.00026735052,0.00073640194,0.00056590594,0.00021062113,0.00081985357,0.00020844839,0.00000799052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015346153,0.00013367111,0.92617065,0.000032224078,0.0002029477,6.037164e-10,0.00068423856,0.0009733394,0.016459549,0.005431263,0.031484224,0.018412545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024360749,0.000035027693,0.9595495,0.00002529904,0.00006005813,8.14225e-8,0.007794108,0.016419418,0.0032738477,0.00048514298,0.012011061,0.00010287625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014183836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048429065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033378817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003294358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014985267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46432647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388281358","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acdb9a","title":"Rubin Observatory LSST Transients and Variable Stars Roadmap","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill Space Institute; McGill University; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Heising-Simons Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Observatory; Stars; Physics; Astronomy; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Galaxy","score_opus":0.01743342536932289,"score_gpt":0.21284263625089186,"score_spread":0.19540921088156898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388281358","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883095,0.00006714638,0.00026716042,0.00612033,0.00021184068,0.00027511315,0.00012842192,0.000023769606,0.0045966953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99741507,0.000006531942,0.0009687264,0.000012872693,0.000059786547,0.000022007067,0.000031618223,0.000009747031,0.0014736162],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991589,0.00005130002,0.00025273566,0.00017883172,0.00014543296,0.00021277096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903303,0.00018054161,0.00017520941,0.0005053099,0.00005771395,0.000048164537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024410954,0.00011317796,0.0001889751,0.000016008544,0.0002715041,0.000023567853,0.00045551683,0.000034832974,0.0000730887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016407264,0.00007615443,0.00024345423,0.00033439143,0.00031156614,0.00008163265,0.00018873226,0.0001391008,0.000009088638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034098225,0.000055241664,0.9766875,0.000011762762,0.00017122139,2.7395536e-10,0.0004824065,0.00038085703,0.00017609156,0.0017145775,0.019979386,0.00033753933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023324556,0.0000070437704,0.98855364,0.000011730601,0.00005741769,5.8382074e-8,0.001082146,0.0010185771,0.00027375706,0.00089307484,0.0077990694,0.00007021084],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013860264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014115841,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012180315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018918889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060426726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31054872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388723901","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/acf5a3","title":"Corrigendum: “Characterizing Atmospheres of Transiting Earth-like Exoplanets Orbiting M Dwarfs with James Webb Space Telescope” (2021, PASP, 133, 054401)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; James Webb Space Telescope; Astrobiology; Physics; Astronomy; Brown dwarf; Planet; Earth (classical element); Hubble space telescope; Telescope; Stars","score_opus":0.014116843464599063,"score_gpt":0.2065338152501684,"score_spread":0.19241697178556932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388723901","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7863309,0.003630117,0.0036981113,0.03468561,0.025992077,0.006113126,0.0058973613,0.0003640578,0.13328865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94368804,0.00008747347,0.0036298824,0.00002186392,0.0012257829,0.000074216616,0.00080929283,0.00011970282,0.050343752],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99746114,0.00015510348,0.0008318648,0.00052691466,0.00046892572,0.0005560374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99643177,0.00043262652,0.0016253043,0.0011754076,0.00023872375,0.00009618266],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036632246,0.00047960432,0.00091294746,0.00003357962,0.0004867302,0.00008073258,0.0012031856,0.00020115207,0.00023344239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041467993,0.00032571692,0.00088461244,0.00049795525,0.0007010845,0.00013659768,0.00036864972,0.0009196253,0.000014939498],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025786661,0.0001297478,0.679114,0.0002018235,0.0012628048,1.97921e-8,0.0012901697,0.00038082988,0.00019275011,0.00020279361,0.31594244,0.001256858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072887714,0.00007828683,0.86264557,0.0010115289,0.0007957442,0.000002209017,0.011176559,0.0012929107,0.0015302988,0.00011114633,0.11997256,0.0006543137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070621085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035093126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19596988,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004959562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000397139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390063806","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad0d7b","title":"SDSS-IV from 2014 to 2016: A Detailed Demographic Comparison over Three Years","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Career Development and Diversity","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Seniority; Ethnic group; Quarter (Canadian coin); Sky; Population; Demography; Geography; Political science; Psychology; Sociology; Physics; Astrophysics; Law","score_opus":0.026698595594884966,"score_gpt":0.26051167021869615,"score_spread":0.23381307462381118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390063806","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98142934,0.000024800704,0.0002913043,0.016829904,0.00024846228,0.0003292625,0.00009712288,0.00005145483,0.00069836795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975835,0.0000073500596,0.0011803395,0.000028539198,0.00005874141,0.000015673228,0.000015589618,0.0000061267583,0.0011041041],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890006,0.00008655317,0.00022890187,0.0001901383,0.0003502492,0.00024412356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989185,0.00018861171,0.00018352293,0.0005207662,0.000091210175,0.000097395765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005473289,0.000079855025,0.0001753495,0.000044824443,0.00044839227,0.00005336582,0.0012527485,0.000077413744,0.00021648411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010533206,0.000060984963,0.00044366147,0.00086937996,0.00047368516,0.000114996095,0.00054280576,0.00012863018,0.00010383342],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000040334253,0.000030391546,0.7993204,0.0000011548992,0.00005144197,4.977913e-10,0.0025778518,0.00009027809,0.00013414404,0.0007748568,0.19670403,0.000311398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013854631,0.000003402978,0.9710528,0.000008523435,0.000025280277,4.489912e-9,0.0031980274,0.00022220722,0.000052628657,0.0011758958,0.024054876,0.00006775596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014889473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009975246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17264916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009539457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018000245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3448716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391477009","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad1f3e","title":"JWST’s PEARLS: Improved Flux Calibration for NIRCam","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"James Webb Space Telescope; Photometry (optics); Physics; Calibration; Detector; Reionization; Remote sensing; Telescope; Astronomy; Optics; Galaxy; Stars; Geology","score_opus":0.013666876191270966,"score_gpt":0.22881714473989437,"score_spread":0.2151502685486234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391477009","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7758988,0.0014066888,0.07687304,0.106578074,0.0034030871,0.0040175705,0.0013272098,0.00021025579,0.030285245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941174,0.0000017339343,0.0021127744,0.000011134856,0.00024228095,0.00007006257,0.00006309437,0.000012934736,0.0033686103],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922216,0.000033375272,0.00027713564,0.00019135089,0.00010039536,0.00017560288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900854,0.00026287616,0.00015045365,0.0004746509,0.000070420916,0.000033074077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019204072,0.0001138545,0.00016383243,0.000015698564,0.00022346218,0.00006077106,0.00044245733,0.00003796646,0.00009383732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022389724,0.00007166555,0.00056181604,0.00017974987,0.00021318573,0.00011671127,0.00013063342,0.00012957693,0.0000050878766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008973146,0.00010762135,0.8941547,0.00005678974,0.00048783285,2.0632564e-10,0.00083092315,0.00031460004,0.00088933524,0.0112785725,0.089439034,0.0024315743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051001407,0.000043240925,0.87331325,0.000056112265,0.00033798057,2.776358e-7,0.0023553835,0.060935054,0.00603959,0.0060289917,0.050135393,0.00024471048],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000069592876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015376272,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21821855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030088155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009887258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29224363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391530477","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad1c98","title":"An Algorithm to Mitigate Charge Migration Effects in Data from the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope*","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Space Agency","funders":"Space Telescope Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Spectrograph; Physics; James Webb Space Telescope; Infrared; Astronomy; Telescope; Spitzer Space Telescope; Charge (physics); Space (punctuation); Remote sensing; Astrophysics; Computer science; Spectral line; Geology","score_opus":0.011598971540019274,"score_gpt":0.2331827694242188,"score_spread":0.22158379788419955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391530477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9305828,0.00045611797,0.00094147725,0.06566496,0.00019641059,0.00078735687,0.0005773812,0.0000189722,0.00077449507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969063,0.000013814689,0.0024686474,0.00006108129,0.00017303636,0.000048561335,0.000120312565,0.000012827301,0.00019543884],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999008,0.00015620403,0.00019672749,0.00029659027,0.00015222032,0.0001902428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789256,0.0007706634,0.00010596694,0.001156456,0.00003173067,0.000042597003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035453044,0.00014643464,0.00017434973,0.000016866303,0.000294067,0.00018771288,0.00094471354,0.000031055362,0.00004949489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000329644,0.0000720266,0.00016047565,0.00030755863,0.0003386581,0.00014328938,0.00029294263,0.00024849366,0.0000137789],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009609007,0.00012731129,0.921064,0.0000121780795,0.00031371386,5.2024816e-9,0.0025764455,0.00009192701,0.00039369045,0.0022061241,0.06808586,0.005119148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001688928,0.000021283644,0.9670824,0.00006786123,0.00008520372,1.13725044e-7,0.0019575043,0.016410738,0.0013691064,0.0013267306,0.011404909,0.00010528165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051603676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024001944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06632345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000209532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005174596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29371595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392087710","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad11a0","title":"The International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC)—Citizen Scientist System for Asteroid Discovery","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Planetary Science Division; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Asteroid; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Political science; Physics","score_opus":0.010188598060770554,"score_gpt":0.23673470222443763,"score_spread":0.22654610416366708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392087710","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94336516,0.00008513608,0.030174036,0.021196509,0.0016861602,0.00079770084,0.0016673413,0.000028412709,0.000999529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945224,6.136551e-7,0.0021011864,0.000003969884,0.00027794638,0.000064461274,0.00010136052,0.000010354189,0.0029177044],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986935,0.000071116774,0.00038663647,0.00028366368,0.00029904154,0.00026604513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986595,0.00036244805,0.00018770633,0.00059414457,0.00014132971,0.000054884367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007046513,0.00012528815,0.00014316112,0.000025664502,0.000583014,0.00053083396,0.0015831687,0.000033766304,0.000027488895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017426482,0.00007085241,0.0004529454,0.00035390182,0.00060057215,0.00039788007,0.00031472175,0.00018762315,0.000011971567],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008779686,0.00025689154,0.65201867,0.0001124972,0.0009167118,2.9136153e-9,0.0014188685,0.024864424,0.01826216,0.17646733,0.116124496,0.009470144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093889656,0.00008495655,0.56428665,0.00021898208,0.00019169552,0.0000014024613,0.020491801,0.29559284,0.014754152,0.0011397187,0.10187503,0.0004238602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045593642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004639502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2707284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012305749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033667512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5118844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392547100","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad1ed4","title":"The Science Performance of the Gemini High Resolution Optical Spectrograph","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrograph; Physics; Astronomy; Resolution (logic); Spectral resolution; High resolution; Remote sensing; Optics; Computer science; Geology; Spectral line; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.009031111629168543,"score_gpt":0.21394533408702793,"score_spread":0.2049142224578594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392547100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764254,0.0002672569,0.00016499331,0.015737709,0.00049497595,0.0002976129,0.000033566324,0.000013028017,0.006565475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99867463,0.000018846851,0.00066322606,0.000004799649,0.00012414658,0.00001941585,0.000003091793,0.000006855128,0.00048500672],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988573,0.000046278812,0.00031740984,0.00020142819,0.0003127328,0.00026485784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99843216,0.00033941332,0.00020853922,0.0008766549,0.00010893016,0.00003428323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057659665,0.000113357884,0.00014716183,0.000019319288,0.00076520426,0.000069158086,0.0013226201,0.000028572795,0.000023751167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040607425,0.00005202497,0.00045072206,0.000668714,0.002383712,0.00011086387,0.00042323148,0.00025410173,0.0000045697097],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008323022,0.00007280032,0.9526352,0.000016745755,0.0001730229,2.6867988e-10,0.0003699478,0.0005215038,0.00056807057,0.037909266,0.0059801755,0.0017449198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000086622415,0.000017456581,0.9849304,0.00003216738,0.00008050212,2.916816e-7,0.00065720885,0.004372907,0.0056558535,0.0011568883,0.002948581,0.00006114591],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006153635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013758962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036752377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004815577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017735895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8782886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392949446","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad26a1","title":"TONGS: A Treasury of Nearby Galaxy Surveys","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Galaxy; Context (archaeology); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Physics; Geography; Archaeology","score_opus":0.010723915204590703,"score_gpt":0.21551385935550965,"score_spread":0.20478994415091895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392949446","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928742,0.000077521945,0.0015883221,0.0037379074,0.0001933506,0.00030946726,0.00023981808,0.000029193714,0.0009502075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99738353,0.0000015816486,0.0011463485,5.6840395e-7,0.000085924315,0.000040971212,0.000037807895,0.000017138247,0.0012861073],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865735,0.00017035176,0.00053161173,0.0001912711,0.00023166135,0.00021773613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99841404,0.00015415646,0.00034257147,0.0008576944,0.00017700843,0.000054513872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007709124,0.00014228463,0.00022845685,0.00003825007,0.00017075523,0.000047333913,0.00083027827,0.00004589396,0.00024344616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024915997,0.00009656452,0.0007106786,0.0005733955,0.00048455692,0.00025811538,0.00022818639,0.00019372838,0.00001671192],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017406943,0.00011106255,0.97932357,0.000032806816,0.0001811496,1.0814285e-11,0.00080026075,0.0002342055,0.0005518236,0.01068414,0.0077762576,0.0003029641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001313932,0.000010191401,0.99046034,0.000031750278,0.000048976915,1.156504e-7,0.00092066184,0.003499692,0.0013942793,0.0023489702,0.0010742503,0.000079358426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022849032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030103522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011136771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000092877395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002414034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39377868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393222329","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad2e11","title":"The BLAST Observatory: A Sensitivity Study for Far-IR Balloon-borne Polarimeters","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Observatory; Astronomy; Physics; Sensitivity (control systems); Engineering","score_opus":0.02145843078113475,"score_gpt":0.2532811754554484,"score_spread":0.23182274467431369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393222329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976111,0.00007825057,0.0014088012,0.020994725,0.0004062037,0.00069196895,0.00015583892,0.000059418617,0.00009377016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984241,6.48909e-7,0.0008291914,0.000011296762,0.000103890874,0.00010314397,0.000008560367,0.000020091697,0.00049907743],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888384,0.00012833945,0.000315196,0.0002730685,0.00013261064,0.00026696068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99805933,0.00062531553,0.00015917803,0.0010093495,0.00010950107,0.000037345617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078977534,0.00014789583,0.00020493261,0.000019340107,0.00051184936,0.00009145694,0.0008036297,0.000054922664,0.0000126528275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006081421,0.000082823266,0.0006899118,0.00037896985,0.0004887649,0.00011503528,0.00034123866,0.00031914047,0.0000052380815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004916359,0.00052737974,0.9273393,0.000024759944,0.0011792129,1.9012592e-9,0.0015172926,0.00018253335,0.007891997,0.04670057,0.009221158,0.0054108757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009378652,0.00013493361,0.79561204,0.00006537526,0.00057386485,0.0000010863049,0.10353968,0.015167502,0.0124987075,0.0054860828,0.06555876,0.00042408143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004430575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018675017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13172723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054825825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013480253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3936783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394893593","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad3122","title":"Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Phase II Deployment and Commissioning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"FP7 International Cooperation; National Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; National Science Foundation; American Academy of Periodontology Foundation; McGill University; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"HERA; Reionization; Software deployment; Pathfinder; Phase (matter); Physics; Dark Ages; Computer science; Astronomy; Particle physics; Galaxy; Operating system; Redshift","score_opus":0.01228776548668187,"score_gpt":0.24319794827448332,"score_spread":0.23091018278780145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394893593","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96921366,0.00014222309,0.01887891,0.010975437,0.00007104961,0.00026941087,0.00007476157,0.00002487349,0.00034966654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99339056,0.0000024240967,0.006086345,0.000003220779,0.000038339505,0.00003602913,0.000023053986,0.000012556459,0.0004074756],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916327,0.000039095063,0.000375305,0.00017964357,0.00010512033,0.00013755172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990256,0.000066246845,0.0002495487,0.0005519699,0.0000706588,0.000035975074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019316799,0.00010511903,0.00017741612,0.00003456921,0.00026875798,0.000024383158,0.00044441226,0.000045498356,0.00006647251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001048636,0.00007151007,0.00027333316,0.00037841953,0.0003439928,0.0001242207,0.00020621445,0.00016178281,8.6637243e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011126173,0.000986266,0.7167398,0.000070350085,0.00074296765,1.1948188e-9,0.0013387887,0.0028453409,0.06344629,0.1818114,0.008262161,0.02374555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00325415,0.00040646738,0.2668098,0.0005711167,0.000697553,0.0000023894452,0.007147863,0.0871361,0.49036023,0.05250002,0.0903466,0.0007677149],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004187015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.6577682e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44992995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003512744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000093367446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29160962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396881564","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad6809","title":"Wide Post-common Envelope Binaries from Gaia: Orbit Validation and Formation Models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Division of Astronomical Sciences; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; University of Notre Dame; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; University of Colorado Boulder; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; University of Oxford; York University; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; European Space Agency; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Common envelope; Orbit (dynamics); Envelope (radar); Orbit determination; Physics; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Astrobiology; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Stars; Satellite; Engineering; Telecommunications; White dwarf","score_opus":0.018899934258204357,"score_gpt":0.24952327542021152,"score_spread":0.23062334116200717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396881564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9546785,0.000107744,0.025344158,0.016746005,0.00018673151,0.00075569964,0.0014868504,0.00002819317,0.0006661174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99479866,0.0000047340573,0.004014493,0.000007245644,0.00017087044,0.00013949399,0.00041363318,0.000027067743,0.0004237822],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99820673,0.00014321759,0.0006008603,0.0004184534,0.00033155835,0.0002991645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99778056,0.00027194936,0.0005667214,0.0010772122,0.00021059801,0.00009295453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026323576,0.00028408517,0.00041109225,0.000046438614,0.00029324208,0.00020616152,0.0011499504,0.00013434846,0.00006920266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024059837,0.00019375532,0.00076158764,0.00023459729,0.000612671,0.00028756761,0.0030177925,0.00096340314,0.000014782007],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022830964,0.002198854,0.5418059,0.0007953803,0.004759149,1.0558637e-8,0.011956743,0.10075174,0.016562931,0.17829351,0.042607512,0.100039914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009771443,0.00008777674,0.32239443,0.0008681815,0.0008438264,2.4458328e-7,0.008691682,0.14637071,0.10119701,0.4153287,0.0022349178,0.0010053685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00050433184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002290759,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2370352,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001050539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031525685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79011124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399538590","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad4e6a","title":"A Quick Guide to Nearby Young Associations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Espace pour la vie","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Exoplanet; Physics; Stars; Brown dwarf; Astronomy; Population; Astrophysics; Stellar density; Planet; Astrobiology","score_opus":0.011766925070234411,"score_gpt":0.24499855570634785,"score_spread":0.23323163063611344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399538590","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82680947,0.00034879922,0.007772513,0.09691722,0.0017025175,0.0011821351,0.00080318627,0.000101903584,0.06436226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928147,0.0000017661035,0.0026618226,0.000020832624,0.0002016,0.00003707557,0.00002917707,0.000011909791,0.0042210785],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904835,0.000048819547,0.00032418943,0.00019313763,0.00017902954,0.0002064526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890476,0.00023933571,0.00014583,0.00056572247,0.000092696195,0.000051624822],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002475761,0.00011531224,0.00018285336,0.000022388123,0.00026708408,0.00006626054,0.00058338966,0.000034216922,0.0001284837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004472653,0.00007573225,0.00047766604,0.00040114636,0.00015979072,0.00007915774,0.00024517064,0.00017041859,0.000039958395],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011916479,0.0000510665,0.8856605,0.000006602341,0.00027485794,3.2558312e-10,0.0006390935,0.00039269117,0.00008114602,0.007030247,0.10531664,0.0005459057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000089138106,0.000007837805,0.9723236,0.000019671597,0.00009464209,1.1644952e-7,0.0007645256,0.0007637193,0.00038665056,0.0010054648,0.024463827,0.000080833706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005183419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008491362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16600527,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007090701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011529319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30882713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400333584","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad59c6","title":"A Suite of Classical Cepheids Tied to the Binary Cluster Berkeley 58 and NGC 7790","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; Mount Saint Vincent University","funders":"","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Astrophysics; Physics; Suite; Binary number; Astronomy; Globular cluster; Galaxy; Mathematics; Stars; Geography","score_opus":0.010736603188489324,"score_gpt":0.22395442846528196,"score_spread":0.21321782527679264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400333584","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.894824,0.00044544882,0.0012180993,0.09513556,0.00039377983,0.0006893453,0.00020036697,0.00002252064,0.007070821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975615,0.000005868164,0.00066395826,0.00003742904,0.00016010931,0.00003299897,0.00001359448,0.000011805992,0.0015127115],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902076,0.0000797192,0.00031926576,0.00021270715,0.00016846477,0.00019908184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867815,0.00044729913,0.00013942625,0.0006160823,0.00006469221,0.000054364693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028468308,0.00013652006,0.00022593637,0.000021244332,0.00020091255,0.000045679157,0.00057500886,0.000041533785,0.00007703751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024190062,0.000072692215,0.00039599725,0.00028731694,0.0004735012,0.00006800016,0.00042622315,0.00021112485,0.0000098310975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015015734,0.000102051745,0.9005185,0.000032658398,0.00040181092,9.589348e-10,0.0015472769,0.00036699712,0.00016681771,0.0040811803,0.090298146,0.0024695871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019821637,0.000033553642,0.95040953,0.00004192648,0.00015484527,3.7199266e-7,0.0013915444,0.004648052,0.00035654765,0.00076471973,0.041899383,0.000101288264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007970553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036028407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10273747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023791585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000068601476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29643023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401751013","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad5c9f","title":"Phase-resolving the Absorption Signatures of Water and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Montreal Clinical Research Institute","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; University of Oxford; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Fondation familiale Trottier; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Carbon monoxide; Atmosphere (unit); Hot Jupiter; Astrobiology; Phase (matter); Absorption (acoustics); Environmental science; Materials science; Atmospheric sciences; Photochemistry; Astrophysics; Physics; Planet; Chemistry; Meteorology; Optics; Exoplanet; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.007055779128668115,"score_gpt":0.2058066884534074,"score_spread":0.1987509093247393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401751013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923164,0.00013748523,0.00024058907,0.006171325,0.000067321766,0.0003924436,0.00011473855,0.000005053435,0.00055459497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993579,0.000002903534,0.00033507464,0.00001323522,0.000051965675,0.000022343685,0.000014811663,0.000007942657,0.00019381999],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892664,0.00012906325,0.00032075268,0.0001938877,0.00022426128,0.00020542201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987822,0.00025120968,0.00020642602,0.0006907936,0.000045358298,0.00002396721],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004973271,0.00013446141,0.00016924996,0.000008306099,0.00015804796,0.000048035155,0.0010405238,0.000041509582,0.000032525997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007196015,0.000048484708,0.000256426,0.0002802634,0.0007625889,0.000118555734,0.00012673056,0.00032936202,5.79093e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007636444,0.0006031562,0.8236513,0.0001052162,0.0004631735,8.732864e-9,0.017761102,0.02601054,0.11657961,0.0069185887,0.0040703793,0.0037605425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007692142,0.00011741342,0.89815795,0.00021358817,0.00022047339,0.0000013591862,0.01294277,0.034401458,0.04918744,0.0010553335,0.0027100863,0.00022290052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035085107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014638712,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07450664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017108712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006478028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28097907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402472822","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad7405","title":"The Valuable Long-period Cluster Cepheid KQ Scorpii and other Calibration Candidates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; Mount Saint Vincent University","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Cepheid variable; Period (music); Calibration; Cluster (spacecraft); Astrophysics; Physics; Astronomy; Computer science; Stars","score_opus":0.010110321197981947,"score_gpt":0.22138037127681381,"score_spread":0.21127005007883187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402472822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9262333,0.0020791558,0.0033041977,0.055853985,0.0008168833,0.0009297076,0.0002241186,0.000048811424,0.01050983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99706364,0.000009708399,0.00029711434,0.000023869825,0.00014991753,0.000032766697,0.000012728639,0.000012358832,0.0023978734],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918115,0.00007144253,0.00024852465,0.00018060923,0.00013388715,0.00018439679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902916,0.00028478744,0.00013515656,0.00047464395,0.000041404146,0.00003483142],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026479154,0.00011990686,0.00014096868,0.000010961052,0.00046732216,0.00015168711,0.0004022018,0.00003304678,0.00009019834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015325537,0.0000617681,0.00025016893,0.00016507642,0.00046324858,0.00011118734,0.00020232615,0.00015276605,0.0000066987727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000540787,0.000029471928,0.9723319,0.000013785734,0.00023820749,4.2104747e-10,0.00069118466,0.00020820565,0.000045943067,0.0029097076,0.022680951,0.00084526703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027393084,0.000018614213,0.9407315,0.000049113994,0.00018034337,8.6102557e-7,0.0018452564,0.019570611,0.0011093541,0.0026633244,0.03340416,0.00015290358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019090052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013310275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07083035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023673952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007502341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35943115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405889420","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ad8a8d","title":"CAMO-S: A Meteor-tracking Spectrograph at the Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Meteoroid; Spectrograph; Meteor (satellite); Observatory; Spectral line; Physics; Remote sensing; Meteorite; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Geology","score_opus":0.014995024233802575,"score_gpt":0.22549500349608265,"score_spread":0.21049997926228006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405889420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97705805,0.00026088374,0.00025401113,0.0191973,0.00033960558,0.00041778194,0.00055071025,0.000071609196,0.0018500189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99702775,0.000001067324,0.0013379294,0.000026649628,0.00008839345,0.000027706174,0.0000514945,0.000012516049,0.0014264851],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987047,0.000106924046,0.00031626146,0.00026569513,0.00023358676,0.0003728704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855274,0.00020687157,0.0001825677,0.0008683302,0.00006893915,0.00012054782],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005254609,0.00015644165,0.00017190198,0.000035262474,0.00077931286,0.00014177803,0.0013372836,0.000047798603,0.00033499257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014684772,0.00008553394,0.0006569966,0.00071663817,0.0006850204,0.00019115125,0.00021311332,0.00031453025,0.00003096157],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034703614,0.00005243059,0.90992785,0.000017507211,0.0004490565,5.705438e-9,0.00085665437,0.0026569734,0.0042530275,0.010951398,0.068933785,0.001897826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009755097,0.000011932755,0.9341778,0.000032566455,0.000116755786,7.1914565e-7,0.0012126524,0.026957959,0.0022181172,0.0005188046,0.03450582,0.00014929405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017250177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003205467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034427967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014108552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044930208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98929405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408740256","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/adbbc4","title":"ELT-METIS Imaging Simulations for Disks and Envelopes Associated with FU Ori-type Objects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metis; Astronomy; Physics; Astrophysics; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.009104188210990207,"score_gpt":0.23581540033715445,"score_spread":0.22671121212616424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408740256","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94731975,0.00009727152,0.041007116,0.009158228,0.000115229974,0.00070105173,0.00052650174,0.00002045003,0.0010544145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99603844,0.0000011833934,0.0032795067,0.000009746763,0.0000230178,0.00003473575,0.000040370545,0.000007181299,0.0005658107],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993622,0.00002983207,0.00023629972,0.00013431079,0.000089046596,0.00014836466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893606,0.00021749671,0.00026815146,0.00032010235,0.00023510853,0.000023057222],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000110906265,0.00010380692,0.00017430483,0.000020282621,0.00046356907,0.000041084375,0.00027650368,0.00001797903,0.000009549014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003320528,0.000064840475,0.0001942417,0.0003399056,0.0002836092,0.000121161705,0.00018153522,0.00009309032,3.5815737e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016340198,0.00020840441,0.9401233,0.000022762573,0.00067803066,1.8518004e-10,0.0013866961,0.0026175152,0.000369398,0.043439884,0.006482128,0.0046554953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087169826,0.00002307185,0.94686496,0.0000703603,0.0002204472,3.0852338e-8,0.003772763,0.03250557,0.0014847808,0.009012451,0.0050030327,0.00017082677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003122007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034708223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04871871,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033565597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000094146024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35654455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408778204","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/adbcd7","title":"What to Expect: Kilonova Light Curve Predictions via Equation of State Marginalization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","funders":"European Union Studies Association; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Kilonova; Light curve; Physics; Equation of state; Astrophysics; State (computer science); Astronomy; Environmental science; Mathematics; Stars; Nucleosynthesis; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01327345492435207,"score_gpt":0.2942848945051099,"score_spread":0.28101143958075786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408778204","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7583813,0.0001223207,0.16898607,0.067501426,0.00063217,0.0016359913,0.0009543386,0.00001466689,0.0017717285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917057,0.0000031425946,0.0018195815,0.000012057213,0.000034044548,0.00007358829,0.000101537444,0.000007635654,0.006242675],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989274,0.000086221604,0.00041403552,0.0001764922,0.0002319028,0.00016395128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986036,0.00012967509,0.0002845629,0.00058182783,0.00035463416,0.000045730572],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027312106,0.000096063166,0.00016428262,0.0000678898,0.00021459606,0.000050417835,0.0006176164,0.000031151503,0.00007240607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003385137,0.000069638285,0.00034609606,0.0008090209,0.00015647373,0.0002563217,0.00025213053,0.00012301122,0.0000042594456],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000096627395,0.0018872515,0.60173273,0.00014923073,0.0012405359,9.675306e-10,0.0052352184,0.075345814,0.068060115,0.1708059,0.0664349,0.009011691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067649246,0.00005079088,0.82067657,0.00019011326,0.00010490386,7.440379e-8,0.0044632126,0.036881804,0.04187357,0.08334544,0.01153215,0.00020487286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052690903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021286737,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23332445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000069920316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001571655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28397667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411161672","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/addb78","title":"Multipole Analysis and Application to Supernova Remnant X-Ray Images","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Supernova remnant; Multipole expansion; Supernova; Astronomy; Physics; Near-Earth supernova; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.00439394002400497,"score_gpt":0.21773282995373736,"score_spread":0.21333888992973238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411161672","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80491865,0.000020964142,0.18207277,0.011370774,0.000037884194,0.00042615322,0.00016413133,0.000010538294,0.0009781481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942749,6.665621e-7,0.0047326493,0.000020839816,0.000032298856,0.00008111942,0.000015022346,0.0000061658125,0.0008363507],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991959,0.000034678058,0.00028084542,0.0002256912,0.000103724495,0.0001592105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987939,0.00005852858,0.00018526532,0.00081594667,0.000099897596,0.00004648741],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014402931,0.00010799291,0.00021134756,0.000043039876,0.0002125199,0.000033003904,0.0006316542,0.000021458965,0.000015668187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071593026,0.00007219383,0.00043092735,0.00089260616,0.00023298955,0.00006495047,0.0003844563,0.00011054984,0.0000025608817],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062078816,0.00020670133,0.9425193,0.000008907582,0.0007322876,6.9522575e-11,0.0002661634,0.004079895,0.02239701,0.01633697,0.0026678555,0.0107787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017846558,0.000006140993,0.9803455,0.00000952544,0.00025431864,6.297118e-9,0.0009434411,0.005207234,0.0075375955,0.0029416408,0.0024922004,0.000083917774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020609534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001925842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18935627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003665597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006227837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2943979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411469730","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ade00b","title":"Exo-Dragonfly: Adapting the Dragonfly Telephoto Array to the Observation of Exoplanet Transits","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Université de Montréal; Montreal Clinical Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Dragonfly; Telescope; Physics; Remote sensing; Computer science; Optics; Astronomy; Planet; Geology","score_opus":0.016233578456881528,"score_gpt":0.22088692765526055,"score_spread":0.20465334919837902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411469730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.915341,0.00017457773,0.005952099,0.06784587,0.00040680423,0.0011366094,0.00018033407,0.00001934955,0.008943318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99746317,0.000004062033,0.0010549643,0.00009150777,0.00010924395,0.000059894355,0.0000269083,0.000009474398,0.0011807841],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870986,0.00013251892,0.00048349195,0.00021714043,0.00021631763,0.00024068364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99782467,0.0006156324,0.0003857918,0.000987943,0.00015148286,0.000034462417],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049462164,0.00016792986,0.00027043844,0.000021887025,0.000511992,0.000040106475,0.0012042752,0.00004646789,0.000047161146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005850288,0.00008554241,0.00045122163,0.00049065176,0.0003491619,0.00007151005,0.00017156947,0.00024319201,0.0000044455383],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018580675,0.00010549119,0.9687243,0.000020943937,0.0003924372,3.9188222e-10,0.0026924894,0.0034940722,0.001274345,0.0028938493,0.018493744,0.0018897248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021388021,0.000014093178,0.9632075,0.00003809648,0.00014609288,1.343372e-7,0.0037085249,0.00075141696,0.004949224,0.00046113544,0.026421951,0.00008796715],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004003274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023955572,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.082122125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031500025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012543342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39378804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413041480","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/adedb8","title":"First Light with the 120-lens Dragonfly Spectral Line Mapper","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Surface brightness; Limiting magnitude; Sky; Telescope; Active galactic nucleus","score_opus":0.005735734547888585,"score_gpt":0.1910908076219794,"score_spread":0.18535507307409083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413041480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.891331,0.000029960844,0.0021629513,0.1036259,0.0001197337,0.00049066497,0.000074238524,0.000024105562,0.0021414508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99476504,0.0000015513918,0.0011477474,0.000009632828,0.000114503884,0.00007541807,0.000019424397,0.000013029389,0.003853624],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988723,0.00006220698,0.00038361235,0.00020422883,0.00019550258,0.00028215395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99815685,0.00010410843,0.00037845524,0.0011466368,0.00017453443,0.00003941791],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026591241,0.00017263852,0.00020308423,0.000029295217,0.0006521566,0.00006436308,0.0012139039,0.000042827527,0.000143758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012067442,0.00009077545,0.0004671691,0.0005552624,0.00052765163,0.00021881287,0.00028158817,0.00026869442,0.000014145171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073955666,0.00015493746,0.92370623,0.0000127657095,0.00021052688,1.402222e-11,0.0009499938,0.0012641613,0.0001346144,0.045924433,0.027614841,0.000020126583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029695773,0.00001310326,0.9792519,0.000023269971,0.00007225575,1.02788654e-7,0.001822284,0.0019001774,0.001014415,0.0020419867,0.013473364,0.00009017758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008507714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001580633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10361627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011068259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019475954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5015927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413391888","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/adf7dc","title":"Constraining the Nature and Long-term Stability of FRB 20121102A’s Persistent Radio Source","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Global Health Research","funders":"Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Term (time); Astrophysics; Fast radio burst; Stability (learning theory); Environmental science; Astronomy; Physics; Astrobiology; Computer science; Neutron star","score_opus":0.011513497807412237,"score_gpt":0.2272983239213642,"score_spread":0.21578482611395197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413391888","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98449665,0.0002575343,0.0010025739,0.0130227525,0.00009427144,0.00029320773,0.00017345036,0.0000065096933,0.0006530509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99912274,0.0000022221134,0.0004338381,0.000015675207,0.000042888758,0.000016045075,0.000015250837,0.000006426378,0.00034489663],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909294,0.00008244391,0.0003288878,0.00019676749,0.00012982421,0.0001691581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858963,0.00023330476,0.00024560394,0.0008011857,0.000093551345,0.00003669521],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030882732,0.00012059781,0.00022257786,0.000013325949,0.00025139612,0.000035873672,0.0007628875,0.000069420326,0.000081131504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000201837,0.0000670434,0.0006196601,0.0001825986,0.0010311888,0.00006813387,0.00032748736,0.0003475442,4.1348224e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048250236,0.00009981688,0.99303985,0.000013852521,0.00026561186,1.2922545e-10,0.0008580063,0.00006704266,0.0010577149,0.0018204612,0.0010486196,0.0017242015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024357102,0.000006965576,0.9905643,0.000031776555,0.00010282305,7.572163e-8,0.005534922,0.0003526344,0.001874058,0.00016346743,0.0010667685,0.000058662732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008949926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040806417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014626107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032700824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012226653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3799458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413812937","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/adfa43","title":"Using the Antenna Impedance to Estimate Soil Electrical Parameters for the MIST Global 21 cm Experiment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Mist; Antenna (radio); Electrical impedance; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Materials science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering","score_opus":0.01751817585605751,"score_gpt":0.28938227243891096,"score_spread":0.27186409658285343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413812937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8986084,0.00014770734,0.033716466,0.065562375,0.0002828148,0.00091995054,0.000016204498,0.000018321274,0.000727747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827209,0.0000026656633,0.016733369,0.00019728772,0.000025130046,0.000019126206,0.0000010777702,0.0000069616976,0.0002934923],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989278,0.000069248985,0.000280583,0.00024025944,0.00019450267,0.00028761427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99857724,0.00027494534,0.00018251725,0.0008919023,0.000028505272,0.000044883083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003423465,0.00012755964,0.0001512774,0.0000065181057,0.0006385699,0.000056959518,0.0011759723,0.000051992272,0.000004264251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001377751,0.00005946961,0.0004620342,0.0005232282,0.00071822584,0.000052179807,0.00048624337,0.00013569703,0.0000027343697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018251914,0.0007676943,0.4471622,0.00004146724,0.00087744213,7.3681004e-9,0.003374356,0.22104372,0.15660559,0.004776933,0.10935523,0.055812832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033550416,0.000027235217,0.73275703,0.000036674846,0.00016573678,0.0000018238984,0.0016902982,0.24054386,0.017111804,0.0012758822,0.005888721,0.00016543666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038158198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049818795,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28559482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003482518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059252747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49114278},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414339880","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae015f","title":"Ground-based Mid-IR Direct Imaging: The Origin of the Thermal Background on the Keck II Telescope and Correcting Instrumental Systematics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Heising-Simons Foundation","keywords":"Exoplanet; Black-body radiation; Photometry (optics); Telescope; Thermal; Background radiation; Planet; Wavelength; Spitzer Space Telescope","score_opus":0.015804596135187414,"score_gpt":0.23012178015920418,"score_spread":0.21431718402401675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414339880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97356105,0.00012266175,0.0001140193,0.015498674,0.00040322254,0.00070646027,0.00005323745,0.000010133502,0.009530532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99907064,0.0000018489166,0.0001677606,0.00006609841,0.000070509166,0.00004466627,0.000005992196,0.000010791311,0.0005616757],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986653,0.0002461298,0.0004402611,0.00020273369,0.0002253458,0.00022028243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99724036,0.0011360894,0.0005469574,0.0009680605,0.00008443985,0.000024109626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005669123,0.00019175,0.00028679453,0.000016847633,0.0010322849,0.00007337355,0.0010587708,0.0000328442,0.00003174506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005271112,0.00008180013,0.00045386332,0.0003165595,0.0008448572,0.000062405925,0.0004325117,0.00028969577,0.0000015267105],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000114960785,0.00013599562,0.9912611,0.000043855805,0.00033326584,4.299872e-10,0.0007970855,0.00044118566,0.00015809806,0.0027645195,0.0033068857,0.0007465167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039415134,0.000017379081,0.9804776,0.00018726992,0.0002222099,3.5811655e-7,0.009888757,0.0033307588,0.0036060482,0.0003049714,0.0014621877,0.000108353015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002671072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000543474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025509598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006697435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012818254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7939605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414614048","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae02c5","title":"The La Silla Schmidt Southern Survey","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"CHIST-ERA; Fermilab; Nuclear Energy University Program; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Science and Technology Facilities Council; PAZY Foundation; John Templeton Foundation; China Scholarship Council; Tel Aviv University; Israel Science Foundation; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; University of Birmingham; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Instituto Millenium; Swedish National Space Agency; Stockholms Universitet; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Generalitat de Catalunya; Trinity College Dublin; Queen's University Belfast; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Purdue University; University of Southampton; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; University of California; Koret Foundation; Agenția Națională pentru Cercetare și Dezvoltare; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Royal Society; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Bar-Ilan University; UK Research and Innovation; Queen's University; Harvard University; Northwestern University; Office of Science; High Energy Physics; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Vetenskapsrådet; Yale University; U.S. Department of Energy; Kavli Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; University of Portsmouth; Agencia Estatal de Investigación","keywords":"Schmidt camera; Sky; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Gravitational microlensing; Telescope; Limiting magnitude; Observatory; Limiting; Photometer; Field of view","score_opus":0.010333719638227365,"score_gpt":0.23041191009572362,"score_spread":0.22007819045749627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414614048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.977636,0.000079440426,0.0010917777,0.016170459,0.000141252,0.00023939111,0.0003014137,0.0000121440935,0.0043281624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99156034,0.0000019046889,0.00039778373,0.000012789083,0.000055236058,0.000028480837,0.00002076727,0.000009854559,0.007912873],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989345,0.00019953314,0.00033111632,0.00018110413,0.00014257661,0.00021114219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979769,0.00059095724,0.000210956,0.001049822,0.00013645532,0.00003493195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005956649,0.00012294084,0.00017213554,0.00001166158,0.00048029108,0.00009060829,0.0013589701,0.00004968713,0.000088028784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043594493,0.00006373573,0.00055237394,0.0003311905,0.00060391764,0.000052651303,0.0003898055,0.00023909136,0.0000141048],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004709491,0.00007772968,0.9776551,0.000002203634,0.00018284588,7.954419e-11,0.000215301,0.00012657547,0.0003680775,0.005833355,0.013167354,0.002366741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018687827,0.0000027095111,0.96466386,0.000012891841,0.00003285239,1.1779464e-8,0.0020608637,0.00033828188,0.0007906526,0.0018148717,0.03003277,0.00006335128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008265639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018664037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016865417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030336458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016418254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36940593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415687546","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae0eee","title":"FOSSIL. IV. The Significance-convergence Test—An Algorithm for Selecting Reliable Rotation Periods of Small Solar System Bodies","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Rotation (mathematics); Rotation period; Convergence (economics); Code (set theory); Phase (matter); Volume (thermodynamics); Quality (philosophy)","score_opus":0.012552351062804905,"score_gpt":0.22355582619475894,"score_spread":0.21100347513195403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415687546","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60327375,0.00050337915,0.37900084,0.009334043,0.0012316742,0.003951389,0.0019624603,0.000041090178,0.0007013607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96226245,0.000005380047,0.035856597,0.0000085790025,0.00013268973,0.00018135169,0.000041943706,0.000014603839,0.0014964278],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99751097,0.00020297346,0.0010079812,0.00049940444,0.0002759174,0.00050273724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958105,0.00086007564,0.0013665869,0.0013497272,0.0005301989,0.000082888975],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012832396,0.0002961425,0.0004802476,0.000039776056,0.001399686,0.00013246351,0.0023286378,0.00011104717,0.00002912668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000094761264,0.00019073387,0.000874576,0.00071856927,0.0010860518,0.00032389484,0.00031064425,0.0003974253,0.0000025449633],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038746377,0.0006188796,0.9167307,0.00041929074,0.0006763386,7.906956e-10,0.0044058207,0.030940244,0.010559226,0.005896981,0.004108533,0.025605252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053373474,0.0001385666,0.33513469,0.00026270348,0.00039082792,2.9703835e-7,0.027777556,0.6189969,0.0125100035,0.0005223984,0.003466073,0.00026622144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011847508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5880567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001300138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00083329924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416077545","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae1662","title":"AGN-Host Galaxy Image Decomposition with JWST: Limitations of Sérsic Profile Models","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Galaxy; Surface brightness; RADIUS; Effective radius; Brightness; Measure (data warehouse); Point spread function; Host (biology)","score_opus":0.013379897254774302,"score_gpt":0.21964959344896462,"score_spread":0.2062696961941903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416077545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96322227,0.0001100512,0.019070897,0.012764741,0.00021878043,0.0015737129,0.00074109406,0.000026705347,0.00227178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814457,0.00001718469,0.016595978,0.0000031013633,0.000063644446,0.0002059651,0.00016609576,0.000031218668,0.0014710678],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715877,0.00022652137,0.0012915609,0.0004349842,0.00041771666,0.00047044296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950025,0.00035787217,0.0017129461,0.0018066518,0.001015865,0.00010414733],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004676579,0.00037165938,0.0005514569,0.00012113297,0.0008115692,0.00010441087,0.0016110141,0.00013017209,0.0001115419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004448878,0.00027851723,0.0010355944,0.0014043922,0.0016737937,0.0008836144,0.0005320152,0.00043603574,0.000014564193],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051298997,0.0011685487,0.9090061,0.00018587508,0.0009261026,4.7485592e-11,0.003081894,0.009309449,0.0038433697,0.06302311,0.009201639,0.00020261976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007791453,0.00005597028,0.9390516,0.00020535915,0.00037567812,1.988341e-7,0.004572834,0.04223832,0.006060309,0.0061953943,0.00025476536,0.00021037264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011730198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008211074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05682772,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003410472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009551051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416158615","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae16d6","title":"Photometric Constraints on Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the Galactic Centre","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Astronomical Sciences; German Academic Exchange Service New Delhi; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Accretion (finance); Black hole (networking); Intermediate-mass black hole; Accretion disc; Spectral energy distribution; Wavelength","score_opus":0.013106731790830876,"score_gpt":0.23575000051736916,"score_spread":0.22264326872653828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416158615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9380657,0.000047156504,0.0037309616,0.051391095,0.0004185572,0.0014450881,0.00048590708,0.000012716079,0.0044028196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981768,0.0000053948334,0.00036494544,0.000119380355,0.00012596372,0.00006764313,0.000035329525,0.000018503966,0.0010860439],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99725723,0.00040603432,0.00094265887,0.00046017073,0.0003942149,0.00053970737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961572,0.0009998814,0.00082570565,0.0017338537,0.00019988463,0.0000834182],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051633985,0.0003532427,0.0004919829,0.00012469816,0.00044350678,0.0001364296,0.0026860829,0.00011664787,0.00016290079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013912989,0.00021295666,0.0012825547,0.0026579776,0.003787602,0.00018708188,0.00046832865,0.00091706624,0.00003607731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000061411054,0.0038373966,0.8095661,0.00014642884,0.0008352793,4.8120694e-9,0.0040121283,0.021057347,0.0017808292,0.12997669,0.02131367,0.007412737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010464633,0.00004738863,0.96260893,0.00020597228,0.00025303083,1.8780836e-8,0.017001616,0.00846633,0.001431446,0.006159016,0.0025441165,0.00023564852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004067443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016526803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15304287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024526185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042108388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99892354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416772451","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae1cef","title":"Characterizing the Host Galaxies and Delay Times of Ca-rich Gap Transients versus 91bg-like SNe and Normal Type Ia SNe","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Planetary Science Division; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; University of Colorado Boulder; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Trinity College Dublin; University of Warwick; University of Oxford; Northwestern University; York University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Space Telescope Science Institute; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of California, Los Angeles; Stockholms Universitet; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Supernova; Galaxy; Type (biology); Transient (computer programming); Host (biology); Universe; Stars","score_opus":0.011729290641747925,"score_gpt":0.23174434956610485,"score_spread":0.2200150589243569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416772451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900139,0.00015650467,0.00011569975,0.008416624,0.00015600341,0.00020666381,0.00014097283,0.000005406413,0.0007882218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99880075,0.00001189849,0.0004826215,0.00000844804,0.000044506673,0.000012873087,0.000022898968,0.000007559319,0.00060843374],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923956,0.000048010068,0.0002740889,0.0001654097,0.00010662571,0.00016629515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908215,0.00015290889,0.0001703709,0.0004604957,0.00010002806,0.00003403114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017122114,0.00011988913,0.00020098894,0.000018236606,0.00023924271,0.000041462587,0.00045622783,0.000040595132,0.00009226504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010536437,0.000070949056,0.0001928629,0.000217129,0.00047692264,0.0001129608,0.0002177718,0.00015720353,0.0000013124371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044792552,0.00009349346,0.9876679,0.000016790022,0.00035392566,6.214598e-10,0.0011424477,0.000022287413,0.005732648,0.0018985671,0.001558581,0.0014685739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004535896,0.000020154495,0.9913179,0.000022804894,0.000103667844,7.254111e-8,0.0017916696,0.00032358832,0.0025859522,0.00012212603,0.0031911794,0.00006727188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019652862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043335376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008786857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017114438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007280126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28932184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417437185","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae23fe","title":"Why Estimating <i>η</i> <sub>⊕</sub> is Difficult: A Kepler-Centric Perspective","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Kepler; Extrapolation; Circumstellar habitable zone; Planet; Spitzer Space Telescope; Perspective (graphical)","score_opus":0.008817029862680677,"score_gpt":0.22077999450868568,"score_spread":0.211962964646005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417437185","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79543006,0.00232117,0.013364576,0.16696702,0.0023774025,0.0025300765,0.0007315831,0.000061528364,0.01621658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964907,0.000039179868,0.0022516814,0.00019111489,0.00026976806,0.00006417851,0.000026563266,0.000025240195,0.0006415743],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972295,0.000206633,0.0009223234,0.0006458739,0.00038068995,0.00061497075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99590796,0.00074681593,0.0010676623,0.0015565743,0.000613875,0.00010709269],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003521661,0.0004533351,0.00068515795,0.000066328685,0.001128277,0.00013616563,0.0015976077,0.00014663566,0.00007525261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018629507,0.00032260185,0.0015902315,0.0014331978,0.0011869726,0.00016981771,0.00095303234,0.0006408989,0.000018644385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022909167,0.0007540332,0.8382641,0.00007901217,0.0017014646,1.4079964e-9,0.0032391844,0.0019815904,0.0005383016,0.0048969057,0.14660046,0.0019220345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012109738,0.000040254363,0.9407384,0.00027111062,0.0011483851,5.2342807e-7,0.012735274,0.0224716,0.010035616,0.0028033212,0.008122506,0.00042206858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028517653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047463677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20106064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003079312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004352632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417437252","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae215a","title":"Are We There Yet? Challenges in Quantifying the Frequency of Earth Analogs in the Habitable Zone","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Space Telescope Science Institute; Office of Naval Research; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Ames Research Center; Pennsylvania State University; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; University of Pennsylvania; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Exoplanet; Circumstellar habitable zone; Planet; Planetary habitability; Context (archaeology); Observatory; Solar System","score_opus":0.05401580999043326,"score_gpt":0.26282083196939754,"score_spread":0.20880502197896428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417437252","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7774733,0.017904278,0.0002474315,0.19112907,0.000462411,0.0014541852,0.00018080641,0.000008954774,0.011139616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982286,0.0008797458,0.0002982846,0.000029769299,0.00006673024,0.000074769545,0.000009440735,0.000013307075,0.00039934737],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99736094,0.000560291,0.0009263585,0.00038860308,0.0003042219,0.00045958805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99552053,0.0015060556,0.0010938174,0.0017008708,0.0001477504,0.000030971634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012862636,0.0003001933,0.00061165914,0.00006666085,0.00046095598,0.000061170256,0.0021745663,0.00012097215,0.000054775115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010633984,0.00015851001,0.00079001294,0.00096779934,0.0011008896,0.00013891653,0.0004759331,0.0007081637,0.0000041713333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012510796,0.0005067416,0.9745067,0.000111195426,0.00043350496,3.7241277e-9,0.004160994,0.0010750166,0.000048408743,0.015697943,0.0018353919,0.0016116207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044314927,0.00001769728,0.95089,0.0002930437,0.00014588234,1.6618007e-7,0.041354075,0.0008162589,0.00017718691,0.0030692157,0.0026723186,0.00012100739],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007946067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005086665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22075535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053799016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021732032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6463851},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7092201439","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae0afc","title":"Fitting the Shadows: Star Formation Scaling Relations in the Low Surface Brightness Regime","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Surface brightness; Star formation; Galaxy; Brightness; Least significant bit; Scaling; Stars","score_opus":0.008747170477184244,"score_gpt":0.21337810819601388,"score_spread":0.20463093771882965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7092201439","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93273866,0.00019943787,0.003774302,0.0606175,0.00032031751,0.0016456789,0.0002014082,0.00002125116,0.00048141272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99733514,0.000010652544,0.0011291761,0.000014499421,0.00011575366,0.00012430709,0.00008294648,0.000022405455,0.0011651366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961935,0.0007359733,0.0015974762,0.0003843992,0.0005101397,0.00057850184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947165,0.00092753087,0.0016260393,0.0022372084,0.00043570905,0.000056961693],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023666366,0.0003554767,0.00040977207,0.000075194686,0.0021478604,0.00029344333,0.0030712462,0.00015410785,0.000079659614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001489326,0.00020636378,0.0010205274,0.0020420917,0.00112742,0.000981541,0.00065906305,0.0009021382,0.000021606513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011168972,0.00035787592,0.91105837,0.00007895066,0.00024040579,4.0264406e-11,0.012445949,0.023462443,0.00016738068,0.04413265,0.007929225,0.00011561082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048312795,0.000011680801,0.8965267,0.0001934032,0.00014426293,2.386588e-7,0.023975067,0.07038824,0.0004467647,0.0060673365,0.001597459,0.00016569752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023856704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030441599,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06459643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005112348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005815005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99915123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7113905532","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae215b","title":"Machine Learning Classification of Baseband Data of CHIME FRBs","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Baseband; Repeater (horology); Millisecond; Search for extraterrestrial intelligence; Intensity (physics)","score_opus":0.03280045464529158,"score_gpt":0.3242327946015423,"score_spread":0.29143233995625073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7113905532","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9132737,0.0014875882,0.007607016,0.053175896,0.0004293277,0.0020251614,0.017564036,0.000009393562,0.0044278656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880731,0.000030804196,0.0022250672,0.000004602394,0.000050007257,0.000020043139,0.00087981735,0.000015122326,0.008701426],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974485,0.00032569192,0.0010831661,0.00041675402,0.00043299858,0.00029289623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952233,0.0005778202,0.0013516851,0.0022933779,0.00048611182,0.00006772667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010030443,0.00020709167,0.000478782,0.00008271135,0.000349365,0.000039408915,0.0030352063,0.00010638388,0.00015190964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019819498,0.0001503893,0.0007857154,0.0009784728,0.0012881778,0.00022492946,0.0015594197,0.00054880616,0.0000030717458],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000087576605,0.0017155566,0.8426989,0.00034970962,0.001432344,4.4530912e-10,0.00059082103,0.0044315294,0.06027454,0.07065242,0.011701952,0.0060646986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007873444,0.000040983894,0.85197,0.00020731436,0.0002618452,5.8692624e-8,0.0018625178,0.11651006,0.008589459,0.0072326893,0.0123850815,0.00015265276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013856353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022093848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11207853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007048618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00064615795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61326975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}