{"meta":{"query_hash":"e885355bd52b","filters":{"venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining"},"cohort_total":101,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":101,"exported":101,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/e885355bd52b","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Science+and+Technology+of+Welding+%26+Joining"},"results":[{"id":"W1547872794","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000030","title":"Part I: Development of new heat source model applicable to micro electron beam welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electron beam welding; Cathode ray; Materials science; Welding; Penetration (warfare); Electron; Penetration depth; Beam (structure); Atomic physics; Optics; Physics; Composite material; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.015293478621194232,"score_gpt":0.2436128052091348,"score_spread":0.22831932658794057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1547872794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9474769,0.0007593776,0.050384957,0.00020527984,0.000051149287,0.0001023253,3.6451428e-7,0.00032794094,0.0006916864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8937246,0.000038802373,0.106149755,0.000017981938,0.000020412383,0.000008792054,1.4799292e-7,0.000011052213,0.000028414692],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887383,0.000002020279,0.00024700628,0.00018407575,0.0001849952,0.00050804304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999614,0.0000167447,0.000035832305,0.0001705859,0.000048441554,0.00011441946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051955413,0.000116676536,0.00019146912,0.00043886606,0.00019622494,0.000015766538,0.00027974418,0.00009270648,0.0000042359156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059179576,0.00011133105,0.000015908909,0.0009213658,0.00018996917,0.00018762852,0.00016801791,0.00013341442,0.0000016577824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003461079,0.000017535107,0.0063536465,0.000043312128,0.000011188693,1.8706962e-7,0.0008512656,0.014182066,0.9495649,0.0009193219,0.00051338575,0.02753978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000068776586,0.00003735577,0.00016846595,0.00011062159,0.000005467474,0.000008175036,0.00024482983,0.00087111956,0.9940051,0.00035208854,0.003999334,0.00012866549],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011794936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015965846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.055764798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046459765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071267714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45399487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569757529","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000031","title":"Part 2: Application of Kanaya–Okayama heat source in modelling micro electron beam welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electron beam welding; Materials science; Welding; Cathode ray; Penetration depth; Penetration (warfare); Beam (structure); Source model; Electron; Heat-affected zone; Mechanics; Composite material; Optics; Computational physics; Physics; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.008760552224563393,"score_gpt":0.22506752713441638,"score_spread":0.21630697490985298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1569757529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9612511,0.0016864813,0.0360671,0.00013905419,0.000052872307,0.00009688561,4.9148224e-7,0.00024399387,0.00046206958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898496,0.00020735103,0.0098882625,0.0000070379256,0.000022768492,0.000011043678,2.9622353e-7,0.000011027202,0.0000026056962],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896365,0.0000051914367,0.00026668957,0.00017952155,0.00015752822,0.0004274259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996366,0.000036362642,0.00005287481,0.00017749597,0.000051539,0.00004514164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007171092,0.00010499066,0.0001885014,0.0006090114,0.000116605275,0.000012467043,0.00023041203,0.000115707815,0.0000016433181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054596843,0.000104450795,0.000018362438,0.0011524132,0.00035467726,0.0002723188,0.00008313231,0.00018771012,5.0611453e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052523037,0.000037844864,0.09220033,0.00009750179,0.000010538541,5.586553e-7,0.00052252586,0.06736756,0.8163366,0.0038260643,0.000029222465,0.019566042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009557212,0.00004192618,0.00051426503,0.00013381774,0.0000063369093,0.00001214991,0.00033080622,0.013033247,0.98433393,0.000823128,0.000555704,0.000119107215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000505057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027007518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16799739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043131313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017706589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42593798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1571979960","doi":"10.1179/1362171815y.0000000060","title":"Issues associated with welding and surfacing of large mobile mining equipment for use in oil sands applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Automotive industry; Arc welding; Petroleum industry; Production (economics); Mining industry; Manufacturing engineering; Materials science; Mining engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.023201094384024797,"score_gpt":0.2786713285192173,"score_spread":0.2554702341351925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1571979960","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957038,0.0008671557,0.002868036,0.000089855705,0.000019769217,0.00011700261,0.0000042834376,0.00017398818,0.00015607648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97439307,0.00012005445,0.025411187,0.000004553003,0.000004466809,0.000050498533,6.8026884e-7,0.0000086479995,0.0000068150484],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921036,0.000005048786,0.00019910549,0.00018253397,0.00014127215,0.00026167237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995665,0.00008938781,0.000070131064,0.000111156914,0.00012048038,0.00004237729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008191532,0.00008762863,0.00019286845,0.00041643187,0.000113704016,0.000026955197,0.000126609,0.000078443845,5.704123e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021122643,0.000078092795,0.00000881465,0.000828999,0.00032101237,0.00022966313,0.00008711694,0.00008062392,3.133501e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003686764,0.00015341614,0.75088245,0.0004015395,0.00008040846,0.000007855356,0.0044742664,0.012981791,0.14428005,0.007428311,0.0001620559,0.079111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021981471,0.0009083594,0.0063098185,0.0017491068,0.000049072154,0.000026247393,0.013981872,0.02289287,0.94711775,0.002533537,0.0016425,0.00059070735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023159357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024990026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8028377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033862972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000309472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31845316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970416379","doi":"10.1179/136217100101538218","title":"Selection of welding process to fabricate cruciform joints using analytic hierarchic process based on qualitative factors","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","keywords":"Welding; Cruciform; Selection (genetic algorithm); Process (computing); Materials science; Manufacturing engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering drawing; Computer science; Engineering; Metallurgy; Artificial intelligence; Composite material","score_opus":0.024015162276403136,"score_gpt":0.31289757226995624,"score_spread":0.2888824099935531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970416379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97775954,0.000018371058,0.02115894,0.0001466203,0.000039895403,0.00009804419,8.202205e-7,0.000138225,0.00063957414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961361,0.0000018353488,0.0038207273,0.000022491655,0.000005126019,0.000003156759,1.305091e-7,0.000008566662,0.00000184626],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999037,0.000009374596,0.00022279841,0.00021935944,0.00023792007,0.0002735318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996114,0.000045534554,0.0000602061,0.00010678771,0.00012210773,0.00005396981],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058395934,0.00010715361,0.00017733114,0.00091505697,0.00018823956,0.00001680243,0.0001717225,0.00005994585,0.000015179108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002383693,0.00009921726,0.000017609884,0.0027613845,0.00020616305,0.00028216754,0.0000125645265,0.00015028243,7.624017e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058352984,0.00008213045,0.02763144,0.00034441325,0.000043533026,0.0000032644014,0.0263693,0.226342,0.5938815,0.0039704978,0.000002203623,0.12127142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017114847,0.00020945033,0.0010356235,0.00020413112,0.000010544772,0.000004747242,0.0046708,0.2163174,0.77484196,0.0023949393,0.0000032322039,0.00013600478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060769207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010966669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18096052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042958363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000559065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40459624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971016198","doi":"10.1179/136217104225012175","title":"Effect of gap size and process parameters on diffusion brazing of Inconel 738","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Eutectic system; Intermetallic; Inconel; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Alloy; Diffusion; Carbide; Volume fraction; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.003742285182719746,"score_gpt":0.22567621085599734,"score_spread":0.2219339256732776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971016198","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99901,0.00021527588,0.00011458881,0.0001040254,0.000041705345,0.00006733805,4.2370962e-7,0.000067634974,0.000378965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99864125,0.000030202144,0.0013095192,0.000008146809,0.000002706817,0.0000024313479,4.5381658e-8,0.0000050096796,6.643983e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941003,0.000004874751,0.00014798914,0.00014416252,0.00014011773,0.0001527935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969256,0.00008672872,0.000049761526,0.00010434181,0.000039644034,0.00002694231],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044320483,0.000078077566,0.00018551682,0.0002650442,0.00007913331,0.000008155748,0.00012179622,0.000073838135,7.5470456e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028576143,0.00006420514,0.0000123373775,0.00063955225,0.0005731391,0.00011834896,0.000041458912,0.000115673654,1.3289798e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011379662,0.000010015219,0.013078111,0.00016058548,0.0000075543157,0.000001945946,0.0005027499,0.0010143259,0.96491563,0.002742837,5.5847465e-7,0.0175543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044895854,0.0005734008,0.0022498881,0.00034997854,0.000009115971,0.00001173323,0.0003344217,0.00047902975,0.9944087,0.0010574494,0.0000027557362,0.00007451388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006274964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001090682,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029493118,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001092227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017953254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26182094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974172839","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000155","title":"Friction stir welding of co-cast aluminium clad sheet","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Friction stir welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Electric resistance welding; Composite material; Alloy; Aluminium; Consolidation (business); Aluminium alloy","score_opus":0.008556155134415794,"score_gpt":0.24273787577487344,"score_spread":0.23418172064045764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974172839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96465224,0.00016893084,0.031472214,0.0002790731,0.00009176531,0.000108670196,0.0000011017348,0.00057000795,0.0026559718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9528895,0.00008851098,0.046965472,0.000011428144,0.000012607585,0.000013249945,3.1840503e-7,0.0000125209035,0.0000064001233],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998824,0.0000063038356,0.00033038537,0.00025825453,0.00024342405,0.00033762882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932516,0.00004517431,0.000115178234,0.00028301173,0.00017773974,0.00005374837],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051280874,0.00012692739,0.00025218146,0.0010364467,0.00018065172,0.00002378588,0.0003250222,0.00012051367,0.000029697696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002084317,0.0001297587,0.000032142434,0.0018716541,0.0007657892,0.00055383594,0.00010852046,0.00019927506,0.000003845074],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021425535,0.000018524237,0.031339277,0.000056709607,0.000030337744,0.0000022976185,0.00029560903,0.0044879657,0.8990153,0.007370165,0.00021508764,0.057166554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016239325,0.00013501372,0.0021728121,0.0001373348,0.000023612754,0.000027950504,0.0015346336,0.030246198,0.9593666,0.005705993,0.00027049286,0.00021693883],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025532516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001357493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060351297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051384388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022566212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52914065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986800832","doi":"10.1179/136217109x12518083193559","title":"Tool design and stir zone grain size in AZ31 friction stir spot welds","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir processing; Spot welding; Grain size; Metallurgy; Friction stir welding; Microstructure; Composite material; Welding","score_opus":0.009220650711532661,"score_gpt":0.23878303104543527,"score_spread":0.2295623803339026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986800832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8063836,0.00025455488,0.1920789,0.0005452885,0.00003352511,0.00009434766,2.8524417e-7,0.00045424397,0.00015524318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8402252,0.0001242313,0.15960294,0.00002406034,0.0000062410163,0.0000053616322,6.9608376e-8,0.0000061742107,0.00000573414],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990066,0.000009795033,0.00023553387,0.00027451,0.00016105431,0.00031247418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960047,0.00007248383,0.00005203219,0.00018641505,0.000051474646,0.000037104182],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009193233,0.00011905682,0.00020630067,0.00079760834,0.00014787189,0.000024621972,0.00018666334,0.00011565136,0.000003317033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040264815,0.00012467231,0.000014614449,0.0020223963,0.0003613255,0.00028167816,0.00005668989,0.00021628245,4.3716238e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011047235,0.000025337233,0.010238809,0.000020924987,0.000011023031,0.000020606745,0.00038060077,0.016396552,0.6349183,0.0112319635,0.000043194374,0.32670167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008945173,0.00069466105,0.022635326,0.00039654164,0.00004736161,0.00013064203,0.0013393846,0.23211761,0.6704125,0.07025769,0.00032446146,0.0007493063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000083681725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022531974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32595238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058953457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019378898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5083989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986864299","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000163","title":"Effects of concavity on tensile and fatigue properties in fibre laser welding of automotive steels","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"International Zinc Association; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Alloy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Laser beam welding; Fatigue limit","score_opus":0.009748888944897572,"score_gpt":0.2127096653659833,"score_spread":0.20296077642108573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986864299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99864405,0.0004179988,0.00007827231,0.00015485976,0.000034984052,0.00017518226,6.937391e-7,0.00012030669,0.00037366143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99794537,0.000079032914,0.0019451343,0.0000073797387,0.0000033049812,0.000010466404,4.592438e-8,0.0000058841188,0.000003392376],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993157,0.000008990274,0.0001942231,0.00015784342,0.00013195456,0.00019133004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960697,0.00008907924,0.00006543256,0.00010385064,0.00010818023,0.000026476742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000246527,0.00009089394,0.00022478802,0.00043651744,0.00006183367,0.0000112869675,0.00013598119,0.00008909262,0.0000020725865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034458816,0.000072578485,0.000011676586,0.00056078495,0.0008093654,0.0001954391,0.00009772959,0.00012877044,1.6618762e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068745335,0.000044798275,0.058738284,0.0006376075,0.000018059125,0.0000052365713,0.0009396695,0.002953639,0.91342145,0.000999115,0.000048395064,0.022186859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015850765,0.00019485893,0.018549172,0.00073532347,0.000004307759,0.0000037319023,0.00052648503,0.0007288559,0.97834545,0.00067278504,0.0000058343685,0.00007470032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006839765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023152322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06492397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000142068675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001744238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29821405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998606999","doi":"10.1179/136217109x12464549883295","title":"Welding behaviour, microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds between galvannealed HSLA350 and DP600 steels","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Galvannealed; Welding; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Martensite; Composite material; Galvanization","score_opus":0.009757475530890262,"score_gpt":0.23148602246960406,"score_spread":0.2217285469387138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998606999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927341,0.001671988,0.0043257046,0.0007327333,0.000026388685,0.00011861986,0.000003938947,0.00029431493,0.00009224199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95781285,0.00026472282,0.04187419,0.000014940617,0.000011169844,0.0000031898992,2.8371466e-7,0.00001213862,0.0000065091344],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986617,0.0000106521775,0.00036515118,0.00037575042,0.00022754578,0.00035917634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939895,0.000031353746,0.00011842934,0.00026670902,0.00010615007,0.0000783907],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058696116,0.00018263338,0.0004045962,0.0005750046,0.0002530178,0.000035851503,0.00027794976,0.00017877128,0.0000019525842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020429952,0.00016914842,0.00002685055,0.0009898965,0.0009394589,0.00035306613,0.00013957708,0.00027739114,6.2987134e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012780575,0.0000085085585,0.028005768,0.00009143221,0.000022012657,0.0000062580293,0.0003120168,0.00013129861,0.94788563,0.0036974882,0.000013100081,0.019813716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024041148,0.00013947533,0.009588576,0.00043715478,0.0000623053,0.000028643482,0.00058324204,0.00094531366,0.98002553,0.0076405974,0.000059670794,0.00024910425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003837726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003285039,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037548482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031084586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020690617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68976724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999233378","doi":"10.1179/136217104225012256","title":"Image analysis of electrode degradation in resistance spot welding of aluminium","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Degradation (telecommunications); Aluminium; Metallurgy; Composite material; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.0059227398857859175,"score_gpt":0.24243583605911528,"score_spread":0.23651309617332936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999233378","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92846745,0.00025418727,0.07041505,0.00015217032,0.000015837946,0.000052685762,0.0000014262098,0.0001336652,0.00050751737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8610502,0.00010765093,0.13882436,0.00000349158,0.0000019581385,0.000003550529,4.935884e-7,0.000006541869,0.0000017655957],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988379,0.000006281818,0.00042132803,0.00023969343,0.00023085269,0.00026393286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935234,0.000039524184,0.00016582863,0.00027296823,0.00014427226,0.000025042465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079988636,0.00009973483,0.00036245288,0.0028195276,0.00006151511,0.0000073140295,0.00028869303,0.000078867124,0.0000028940794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003134962,0.00010928209,0.000046508223,0.007906346,0.0006217362,0.0003279717,0.00006356621,0.00014377592,1.05162364e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056215335,0.00001531515,0.01724176,0.000038919083,0.000059330287,0.0000023825264,0.00019364512,0.019340476,0.9485067,0.012218974,0.0000014529439,0.0023754365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001546685,0.000039680217,0.0034939426,0.00011988082,0.000092866736,0.0000018751485,0.00043549406,0.0077993628,0.98218626,0.0055626854,0.000007435005,0.0001058532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003187829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007171883,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06840931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009064023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039861607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44563943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002333893","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000090","title":"Challenges and developments in pipeline weldability and mechanical properties","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Consumables; Welding; Pipeline transport; Materials science; Toughness; Pipeline (software); Petroleum industry; Fossil fuel; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Business; Waste management","score_opus":0.04052980974188301,"score_gpt":0.2630905653963997,"score_spread":0.22256075565451666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002333893","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99710107,0.0012944577,0.000026170748,0.0011524899,0.000053711094,0.00012361506,1.5383233e-7,0.000039881954,0.00020846185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941632,0.00029124587,0.0054879426,0.00002612796,0.000002919645,0.000018249984,2.7606127e-8,0.000002481947,0.000007809571],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990349,0.000018316136,0.00021721615,0.00032188962,0.00018212208,0.00022560384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968797,0.000020236821,0.000052801464,0.00011610648,0.00007847862,0.000044405562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015268086,0.000073354844,0.00015321648,0.00024307787,0.00015264493,0.00003474179,0.00015997772,0.00005762264,0.000017419008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030789274,0.00005782053,0.0000046377154,0.00026988215,0.001012263,0.00034764624,0.0003009515,0.000073334035,0.000002633981],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018070551,0.000014792398,0.018033206,0.000011773538,2.696578e-7,6.021349e-7,0.00030288764,1.04918875e-7,0.87961525,0.002567517,8.4562333e-7,0.09945097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000206846,0.000072493596,0.017730905,0.00008862249,0.0000033982603,0.000019712268,0.0024279926,0.00013721053,0.9749067,0.004269795,0.00003507188,0.000101272955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015466765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009049733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0993497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010236556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033226308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37297252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004285244","doi":"10.1179/136217110x12785889550145","title":"Experimental investigation of material flow during friction stir spot welding","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Material flow; Welding; Friction stir welding; Metallurgy; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Alloy; Mechanics","score_opus":0.00616271578075744,"score_gpt":0.22570344461869166,"score_spread":0.2195407288379342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004285244","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994628,0.000039308663,0.0043429635,0.000069803275,0.00024202318,0.00006264709,0.0000012467591,0.0004495399,0.00016447146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92475337,0.000009970516,0.07519177,0.0000025845527,0.000023335635,0.0000068866893,3.9863156e-7,0.000010298286,0.0000013539657],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991193,0.0000042081497,0.00025428904,0.00020951137,0.00018866987,0.00022404347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957585,0.000014766155,0.00009038538,0.00019705507,0.00007936368,0.000042584372],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039952243,0.00010189988,0.0001688902,0.00075428654,0.00019216842,0.00001980796,0.00020702572,0.00010334645,0.000015236472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000119314645,0.000109867666,0.00002070981,0.0010997629,0.00063041906,0.0004315117,0.000106148895,0.00018073819,4.5523234e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025962297,0.0000034235024,0.0062992284,0.00001665253,0.0000051897105,9.192042e-7,0.00020489942,0.00093109737,0.98884636,0.0014490279,0.0000018622976,0.002238737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010520842,0.00003820712,0.0012906453,0.000049956143,0.000007826501,0.00001961276,0.00046719378,0.0104508,0.9861785,0.0012830129,0.000008926599,0.000100104065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007844171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016941781,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.070848815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036451693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017832741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44802734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005697404","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000007","title":"Non-destructive detection of lack of penetration defects in friction stir welds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Penetration (warfare); Classification of discontinuities; Friction stir welding; Discontinuity (linguistics); Nondestructive testing; Structural engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.013920169323383191,"score_gpt":0.26504465501177177,"score_spread":0.2511244856883886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005697404","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596231,0.000111278794,0.039738446,0.000014067939,0.0000566012,0.000058563284,2.7201975e-7,0.00008938843,0.00030829664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878792,0.00004014307,0.0120634595,0.0000012205658,0.000006021917,0.000004496006,9.573092e-8,0.000004925722,4.1577528e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993785,0.0000047010367,0.0002123116,0.00010825815,0.00012609993,0.00017011378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965465,0.000022647127,0.00010062803,0.00011787603,0.00008461079,0.000019615269],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050006,0.00006230476,0.00014875268,0.000900891,0.000047946964,0.0000029068015,0.000096119606,0.00008579154,0.0000012240831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001381824,0.00006696178,0.00001589706,0.0018103017,0.00029114707,0.0004186608,0.00003692305,0.00011067361,1.5746862e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022357196,0.0000073979413,0.09437418,0.000023211222,0.000004055173,1.1179366e-7,0.00021511869,0.002160411,0.8888066,0.0017353959,2.937696e-7,0.012671023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000084934756,0.00007293061,0.037030935,0.00005876228,0.000009498383,0.0000049381815,0.0005291902,0.008359328,0.95118797,0.0026013127,0.0000025147817,0.000057692087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021679276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008975497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062381398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049750066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012068949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2730622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011234698","doi":"10.1179/136217109x449201","title":"Electromagnetic impact welding of Mg to Al sheets","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Intermetallic; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Base metal; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Shear (geology); Alloy","score_opus":0.005848250331304051,"score_gpt":0.2384901763534358,"score_spread":0.23264192602213177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011234698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99551237,0.00031819267,0.0010813761,0.00051182765,0.00014349954,0.000059427774,4.897096e-7,0.00015519233,0.0022176364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911032,0.000025383928,0.008800488,0.000051931904,0.000006415112,0.0000011603789,6.6225304e-8,0.000004690438,0.000006698648],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913406,0.0000035399187,0.00018664436,0.00016943713,0.00018623644,0.00032010465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966407,0.000010929275,0.000036045272,0.00016097129,0.00006256617,0.00006542037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053166604,0.00009022957,0.0001774484,0.0006025389,0.000089247966,0.000013615886,0.00024590074,0.00005626646,0.000015721276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019024621,0.00008222057,0.00002289397,0.0014794995,0.00014084873,0.00015743446,0.000050914467,0.0001267313,0.00000196139],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023463588,0.000006310637,0.0005107879,0.000006606238,0.0000042046972,0.0000017860556,0.000113372145,0.0001515433,0.95081913,0.006950749,0.000043576445,0.041389603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015277778,0.0007488805,0.002939485,0.000079323756,0.00000818783,0.00004532595,0.00017855583,0.006274098,0.9820054,0.0072961883,0.00013534368,0.00013639912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003063093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9482777e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041253205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021529333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029381667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33528575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011288854","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000264","title":"Effect of Zn interlayer on brazeability of AZ31B–Mg alloy to steel sheet","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Welding Society","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Eutectic system; Alloy; Nucleation; Magnesium alloy; Phase (matter); Coating; Layer (electronics); Electroplating; Wetting; Composite material","score_opus":0.008179995154235412,"score_gpt":0.2583273411526652,"score_spread":0.2501473459984298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011288854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99655175,0.000020117435,0.000235539,0.0012513396,0.00007498199,0.00016097083,0.0000013216348,0.000049683837,0.0016542682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973153,0.0000015110045,0.0025981048,0.00004474275,0.0000070471638,0.000014832857,4.7728268e-8,0.0000037900368,0.000014661502],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989363,0.000034065313,0.0002714478,0.00031463013,0.00022848793,0.0002150685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991775,0.00012847887,0.00013436029,0.00037528863,0.00013698338,0.00004735219],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023766393,0.000084651845,0.00023599238,0.00026877914,0.0001305377,0.000014288782,0.00045781434,0.000055116576,0.000034340097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090755016,0.000063901534,0.00002196574,0.00066979515,0.0011084747,0.00011708015,0.00023739955,0.00006648518,0.0000048881247],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021565125,0.000021533833,0.006940491,0.000048320646,9.585211e-7,7.4056715e-8,0.00013757864,0.000036041958,0.96572036,0.0102885505,0.000010715367,0.01677383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015336949,0.0012164615,0.0029375677,0.00006888349,0.0000062488434,0.0000023860832,0.00018790858,0.0002891946,0.9944137,0.00048136598,0.00017836207,0.00006460279],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003899779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000033022966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028693307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000127181365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031963697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40842214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014615367","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000040","title":"Resistance microwelding of 316L stainless steel wire to block","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Joint (building); Carbon steel; Corrosion; Current (fluid); Block (permutation group theory); Composite material; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.014416928535367586,"score_gpt":0.21388528353672884,"score_spread":0.19946835500136126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014615367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99436563,0.0008100469,0.0018547755,0.00021769741,0.000068563735,0.00006485019,7.379593e-7,0.00058496604,0.0020327587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786622,0.00005234225,0.021242063,0.000008379776,0.0000033646752,0.0000051128227,2.8602454e-8,0.000009220802,0.000017276583],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901456,0.0000039220477,0.00021112271,0.00022433273,0.0001486008,0.0003974909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949133,0.000021673268,0.000053471533,0.0002953484,0.00009941586,0.00003877897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005229208,0.00010398281,0.00019318137,0.000716776,0.00014207611,0.000010240418,0.00044254205,0.00009034537,0.0000014118942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021775402,0.00010630261,0.000015872756,0.0014710788,0.0007403681,0.00014416358,0.0001475295,0.00017500328,7.2692836e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000061839414,0.0000131172765,0.012210131,0.00008121541,0.000017473045,0.0000053837425,0.0013093681,0.00010599677,0.9247453,0.050505076,0.000036714715,0.010963999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012223836,0.000093322735,0.0015928508,0.0002337281,0.000006685891,0.00001336452,0.001827073,0.00032091176,0.99078476,0.0046360954,0.00021940815,0.0001495679],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000048162715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005897218,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06603941,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000395319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045511748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43348944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016884330","doi":"10.1179/136217104225021724","title":"Transient liquid phase bonding","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":296,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; University of Waterloo; Auburn University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Isothermal process; Microstructure; Materials science; Phase (matter); Transient (computer programming); Process (computing); Wetting; Diffusion; Metallurgy; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Chemistry","score_opus":0.010041167633967504,"score_gpt":0.2484168184910428,"score_spread":0.2383756508570753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016884330","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.986868,0.0008564714,0.008467779,0.0013305763,0.00008699928,0.000043576547,3.4039232e-7,0.0012705247,0.0010757386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934632,0.00006965953,0.0064357854,0.000011254475,0.0000053877725,0.0000044577064,6.6151884e-8,0.0000073689785,0.0000028131844],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991522,0.0000015816762,0.00014404944,0.00018365019,0.00013914416,0.0003793736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971545,0.000011094613,0.0000236282,0.00017807286,0.00003795857,0.000033813038],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003875583,0.00008869619,0.00012980239,0.0006317437,0.00019888017,0.000018028268,0.00025000272,0.0000751742,0.0000010697482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000120528035,0.00008883548,0.000014715002,0.0012424005,0.0007756202,0.00019296385,0.000050588853,0.00019220407,0.000001120116],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000033814756,0.000017811744,0.00024253741,0.000018906174,0.000008886907,0.0000068877703,0.00048232786,0.0009810145,0.882861,0.08607941,0.000009000868,0.029288836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005399755,0.0003249946,0.000044401324,0.00010605308,0.000006248712,0.000059684644,0.00088222884,0.0008821524,0.98919,0.0074214265,0.00040821155,0.00013464797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028909203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.802783e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10632897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006300846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051871368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36226055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018694060","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000178","title":"Non-wetting behaviour of tungsten carbide powders in nickel weld pool: new loss mechanism in GMAW overlays","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced materials and composites","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Tungsten carbide; Metallurgy; Wetting; Carbide; Dissolution; Welding; Tungsten; Composite material; Arc welding; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.004766137224310963,"score_gpt":0.20464552417564044,"score_spread":0.19987938695132948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018694060","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984259,0.00016700872,0.0006147896,0.00021987084,0.00009717099,0.00009510781,4.2210218e-7,0.00007251815,0.00030723013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99292445,0.00003127204,0.007004038,0.000014555243,0.0000060675043,0.000006126192,1.1636488e-7,0.000008537299,0.0000048271713],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991351,0.0000031702,0.000264147,0.00018244394,0.00011783695,0.00029731332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970967,0.000020968406,0.000061549516,0.00013531161,0.00003646641,0.00003605074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027297085,0.000093340284,0.00020465707,0.000532961,0.000044410423,0.000016586948,0.00021638747,0.00008050078,0.000008128776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000601583,0.000096276235,0.000012712395,0.0007427157,0.00019836045,0.00033583996,0.000109439665,0.000129597,0.0000012316979],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013060036,0.000006901318,0.05193786,0.00002064829,0.0000017920466,0.000004475175,0.00034562967,0.0010774297,0.93990684,0.0030409198,0.0000033946142,0.003652823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035765403,0.00006954817,0.017104,0.0002531605,0.000004202816,0.00001639495,0.0022014389,0.0050921664,0.966287,0.008459293,0.000003362887,0.00015176457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031148508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024161785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034833856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029403634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003219735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3926031},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022540593","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000053","title":"Influence of tool thread on mechanical properties of dissimilar Al alloy friction stir spot welds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Kindai University","keywords":"Thread (computing); Materials science; Rotational speed; Screw thread; Alloy; Galling; Composite material; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.01447513778275064,"score_gpt":0.2456435866446033,"score_spread":0.23116844886185267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022540593","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944942,0.00018210371,0.0046887845,0.00019262503,0.000040104478,0.00007263891,9.3225884e-7,0.00023675858,0.00009183224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845433,0.00008678766,0.0153330015,0.000013934475,0.000006317151,0.000006698307,8.8833794e-8,0.000008472413,0.0000013648836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990027,0.0000066976495,0.0002938987,0.00016606021,0.00025827842,0.0002723509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946904,0.000026561887,0.00010701353,0.0002479019,0.00011347928,0.00003602678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064989534,0.00010452142,0.00023081583,0.0005203321,0.00009131232,0.0000051959073,0.00025624552,0.00009792012,0.0000024256055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003649671,0.00009185408,0.000028077291,0.0010698839,0.00056908355,0.00042238354,0.00010931326,0.00016521823,4.2083062e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006460813,0.000018165652,0.008337006,0.000033223165,0.000013020036,3.7001226e-7,0.00015646066,0.008350931,0.96255255,0.015396818,0.000005242223,0.005129767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000073482646,0.00012155003,0.0016700849,0.00020134823,0.000016815642,0.0000067150872,0.00028454763,0.0043493873,0.991739,0.00138808,0.000049869184,0.00009913244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007712136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.4919914e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029186452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033238743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018037577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3745701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023370821","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000196","title":"Transient liquid phase (TLP) brazing of Mg–AZ31 and Ti–6Al–4V using Ni and Cu sandwich foils","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German-Jordanian University","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Alloy; Isothermal process; Dissolution; Joint (building); Shear strength (soil); Metallurgy; Phase (matter); Microstructure; Composite material; Diffusion; Liquid phase; Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.017929202600068382,"score_gpt":0.2766801414591255,"score_spread":0.25875093885905714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023370821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99437743,0.0005752033,0.0034482237,0.00091144594,0.0000566661,0.000115669936,0.0000018693197,0.000054758337,0.0004587449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987731,0.000054452827,0.012133542,0.00004862385,0.000012674254,0.0000056401427,1.0750067e-7,0.0000056059957,0.0000083524665],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988669,0.000016155826,0.00028502307,0.00036177307,0.00018482476,0.00028531766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942786,0.000041983916,0.0001441996,0.00020364781,0.00011508145,0.000067223955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011606367,0.000101495236,0.00022466338,0.00028971257,0.00043892505,0.000059017162,0.00021160234,0.000068213005,0.0000124248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019942813,0.000087182874,0.000014297722,0.0005426331,0.0017221677,0.0003627052,0.00016376929,0.000077484714,4.896365e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013742888,0.000022119644,0.0010619187,0.000059449605,0.0000014241369,3.5478448e-7,0.0003634927,0.000008243124,0.97930646,0.007932659,0.0000021807512,0.011227968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065214897,0.0005202077,0.0005327451,0.00016781775,0.00002846989,0.00005429466,0.0012582242,0.0037442716,0.99164796,0.00097555056,0.00025786101,0.000160456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057195015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000051746265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012341507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009276027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005178937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63453984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026257690","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000225","title":"Real time monitoring of laser beam welding keyhole depth by laser interferometry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Nuclear Energy University Program; Office of Nuclear Energy","keywords":"Keyhole; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Laser; Optics; Interferometry; Beam (structure); Metallurgy","score_opus":0.006625167908704324,"score_gpt":0.22892616585370035,"score_spread":0.22230099794499603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026257690","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946129,0.00018718223,0.0009465666,0.00013431083,0.0001377155,0.000058145233,0.0000019442375,0.0005113032,0.0034099785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899058,0.00016283167,0.009852259,0.0000043053387,0.000028839911,0.0000046408254,3.696239e-7,0.00001646671,0.000024515632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988716,0.00000823211,0.00027657932,0.00025238286,0.00023460662,0.0003565857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994516,0.00007516167,0.000085694155,0.00023716065,0.00008701845,0.000063402505],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006560039,0.0001393726,0.0002524662,0.00060942495,0.00016266048,0.000030190062,0.000387269,0.00014079773,0.000008531954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023214598,0.00013117756,0.000026866868,0.0010980776,0.00057459896,0.00025023305,0.00018465544,0.00020118117,0.0000023069515],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005329895,0.000023483211,0.06570947,0.00008272816,0.000021899035,0.0000020788825,0.00014218317,0.0010979188,0.9067825,0.00026531765,0.00042286777,0.025444213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013140647,0.0001358378,0.001452496,0.00023480006,0.000009362601,0.00000858587,0.00025154348,0.00060104113,0.99625504,0.00052242324,0.00025855305,0.00013888616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024409492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.431497e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.089472555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003096851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015829923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5349266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026448230","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538541","title":"Microresistance spot welding of Kovar, steel, and nickel","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Spot welding; Welding; Materials science; Electric resistance welding; Electrode; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Nickel; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007531613797238525,"score_gpt":0.23054224960053413,"score_spread":0.2230106358032956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026448230","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.979451,0.0013834852,0.017398456,0.00025529356,0.00004190025,0.000059459144,9.387276e-7,0.00031910048,0.001090376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9360134,0.00064449495,0.063296214,0.000011174123,0.000006291466,0.0000034049642,1.0424241e-7,0.000010791415,0.000014136181],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895376,0.0000047853287,0.000280095,0.00026737552,0.00018162372,0.00031233238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944353,0.000045743316,0.00009453042,0.00025924982,0.000109252076,0.00004768751],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005730414,0.000120157194,0.00025544787,0.0007792879,0.00016015455,0.000016633516,0.000279556,0.00008890171,0.0000055104347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019330517,0.00012503722,0.000022387016,0.0018483798,0.0010167274,0.0003058934,0.00013988432,0.00015573969,4.1424485e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006448087,0.000010304832,0.04828222,0.00005687701,0.000021111584,0.000008993424,0.00017382376,0.0008556032,0.900315,0.012147581,0.000025787715,0.038096257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028156725,0.00010111928,0.0031641696,0.00028994642,0.000032776647,0.00009466837,0.0011356331,0.006995944,0.9776572,0.009098703,0.0008710204,0.00027727423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008386023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004515707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07734219,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032969274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019540585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.509887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030148427","doi":"10.1179/174329306x148200","title":"Experimental examination of welding nozzle jet flow at cold flow conditions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Shielding gas; Nozzle; Welding; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Particle image velocimetry; Flow visualization; Gas tungsten arc welding; Electromagnetic shielding; Weld pool; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Arc welding; Composite material; Turbulence; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0081393712427078,"score_gpt":0.23128891031930437,"score_spread":0.22314953907659657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030148427","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936061,0.0004482043,0.0023210638,0.00012219769,0.00008459735,0.00007048944,0.0000034953891,0.00033089888,0.0030129522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831579,0.000015531603,0.016784329,0.000004495466,0.000013146582,0.00000788125,6.475482e-7,0.0000065598497,0.000009524492],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992866,0.000005156055,0.00018371653,0.0001530398,0.0001644577,0.00020705278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997152,0.0000303757,0.00004724401,0.000120286044,0.000061115046,0.000025757294],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002950627,0.000080156366,0.000121395955,0.0004092799,0.00023903431,0.000016363752,0.00015205503,0.000068418776,0.000018287625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049597893,0.00007863828,0.00001707462,0.0007351432,0.000591139,0.00022298774,0.000086902684,0.000068984846,7.567201e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010878722,0.000019527262,0.0071000895,0.000016190996,0.000003877651,0.000003010249,0.00011650074,0.00338968,0.9783367,0.008895385,0.000093676885,0.0020242648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013599926,0.00006595155,0.00362619,0.00006425913,0.0000042567412,0.000021547101,0.0003769783,0.0075558033,0.98738074,0.0005653161,0.00011774517,0.00008523863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015011952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032848923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0144632645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045101202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011673422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3206776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034956284","doi":"10.1179/1362171815y.0000000033","title":"Microstructures and properties of Mg alloy/DP600 steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Alloy; Composite material; Welding","score_opus":0.0176518250299362,"score_gpt":0.2350130852011971,"score_spread":0.2173612601712609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034956284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99533087,0.0011255514,0.0025918188,0.00027269722,0.000060637227,0.000064703585,0.000001418188,0.00031493368,0.00023737439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699219,0.0001376306,0.02990381,0.0000090492695,0.000007628032,0.0000039588986,1.6864168e-7,0.000009549244,0.000006332874],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991485,0.000005936865,0.00022132265,0.00021766065,0.00018720582,0.00021940508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995106,0.000011314043,0.000076982324,0.00020189985,0.00014486698,0.000054356144],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004582435,0.00010974742,0.00020992979,0.0005556297,0.000122864,0.000018591094,0.00019958641,0.00010069913,0.0000013184415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002504552,0.000096247735,0.00001585189,0.00090876117,0.0008577949,0.00029922446,0.00013732383,0.00014301861,1.5405388e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056055355,0.0000045533234,0.009462846,0.000037969123,0.000012598075,0.0000014311859,0.0003759824,0.0011293128,0.97627443,0.0019448403,0.000027695465,0.010722729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016355154,0.000110122724,0.0012121618,0.00013819475,0.000022329208,0.00003329783,0.0014771913,0.00803416,0.9848348,0.003484874,0.00034122952,0.0001481067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001544406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034397967,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027311992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027379163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39248687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035250240","doi":"10.1179/136217104225011590","title":"Observation of twinned martensite in weld heat affected zone of Grade 100 low carbon microalloyed steel","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Martensite; Lath; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Indentation hardness; Microalloyed steel; Welding; Bainite; Carbon fibers; Microstructure; Composite material; Austenite","score_opus":0.009729280638996883,"score_gpt":0.20034075976603175,"score_spread":0.19061147912703486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035250240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985132,0.000516347,0.00029175985,0.00030482947,0.00008374369,0.00010837473,8.625868e-7,0.00007257212,0.00010827767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99524456,0.00003617609,0.0046844603,0.000018969453,0.000004428942,0.0000018397977,3.1667233e-7,0.0000067279616,0.0000024885107],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991953,0.000005112761,0.00028117187,0.00016513956,0.0001355157,0.00021777308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965686,0.000014844818,0.000053220956,0.0001590723,0.000090239104,0.000025780704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030906184,0.00008911948,0.00024111613,0.00045241133,0.000036271027,0.0000050235253,0.00016928514,0.00010866947,0.0000013439328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010935052,0.000083271225,0.000017663795,0.0010707945,0.0003940658,0.00014156487,0.00005923087,0.00013542033,1.2766888e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068667337,0.000012488856,0.0023857732,0.000069708316,0.000005417431,0.00000178638,0.00022108236,0.0012775704,0.99186844,0.0011081558,0.0000011430701,0.0030415945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005041227,0.00014033637,0.0057682255,0.00029262106,0.0000063210086,0.00000949239,0.00033343624,0.0013999855,0.99050725,0.00094947394,0.000007875527,0.000080890815],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000081793245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023175166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0043927007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031012994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033857305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3395702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040492502","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000123","title":"Comparative study of microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded–brazed Mg/steel joints with four different coating surfaces","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Microstructure; Brazing; Layer (electronics); Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Phase (matter); Metallurgy; Wetting; Composite material; Joint (building); Aluminium; Cracking; Alloy","score_opus":0.019335235941646604,"score_gpt":0.23691443239243704,"score_spread":0.21757919645079044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040492502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983536,0.00011221941,0.0010510846,0.00006661575,0.000016508884,0.00024415294,8.727807e-7,0.00012542905,0.00002949984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98617667,0.000016165735,0.013779812,0.000002711383,0.000002077349,0.000012340859,8.120496e-8,0.000008064811,0.0000021047904],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990284,0.000013924257,0.0003028745,0.00023419503,0.00021413466,0.00020649687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999389,0.000036409154,0.00015368494,0.00019145694,0.00019410826,0.00003533359],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023689371,0.00013827269,0.00042793577,0.00036072827,0.000121736135,0.000018203196,0.00020344721,0.0000653732,0.000003490609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008250633,0.000099681056,0.000014237531,0.00069234864,0.000735124,0.0002438512,0.00016060952,0.00016083092,9.997877e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007026496,0.000023577117,0.030017328,0.000048033453,0.000038105318,6.553843e-7,0.0010094318,0.0010127915,0.9666668,0.00017732815,0.0000018518366,0.0009970446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034927117,0.00036815004,0.0060668867,0.00020327151,0.000029566037,0.000011847465,0.009642947,0.011145809,0.97141284,0.00065107725,6.4573845e-7,0.000117681244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034777135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026829037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02395044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016550082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013550036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40648755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040989524","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000066","title":"Characterisation of welded joints produced by FSW in AA 1100–B<sub>4</sub>C metal matrix composites","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Welding; Matrix (chemical analysis); Metal; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.007198015247265545,"score_gpt":0.23849992648021556,"score_spread":0.23130191123295002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040989524","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99446213,0.0004123239,0.004426853,0.0001876528,0.000064125874,0.00010835839,0.0000016653524,0.0002701452,0.000066740664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868956,0.00008441277,0.012980371,0.0000062803574,0.000009656794,0.0000103585035,0.0000010037566,0.000011338604,9.789678e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889076,0.000010848559,0.00033800636,0.00020910992,0.00020297921,0.00034830067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994939,0.00003093479,0.00013088222,0.00022052159,0.0000800689,0.000043714466],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008790873,0.0001195186,0.00027560926,0.0009131664,0.000083015744,0.00001104142,0.00021665987,0.00009382631,0.0000028287782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021313233,0.00012445154,0.000026170897,0.0016707219,0.00040971546,0.0006057971,0.00010001086,0.00017039568,0.000001322704],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002183009,0.000017343207,0.044873387,0.000023480558,0.000008954521,3.978719e-7,0.00015184649,0.00010604674,0.9455135,0.00077072,0.0000072469875,0.008524937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000116041854,0.00003835005,0.0048510614,0.00006813073,0.0000148094205,0.00000811332,0.00016851214,0.0027041275,0.99145085,0.0004426952,0.000019365503,0.00011797112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058267497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.0346265e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045937363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054662003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001466845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5074987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041713264","doi":"10.1179/136217109x406947","title":"Electrode worksheet interface behaviour during resistance spot welding of Al alloy 5182","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Electrode; Alloy; Metallurgy; Welding; Worksheet; Interface (matter); Composite material; Capillary action","score_opus":0.004553408041784857,"score_gpt":0.2415562391647827,"score_spread":0.23700283112299783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041713264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97958153,0.00071415404,0.017631663,0.00073014223,0.000048424637,0.000078878285,8.3210654e-7,0.0006132121,0.0006011689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94448376,0.00016358541,0.055292007,0.000017888176,0.0000084248295,0.000003780887,1.5784845e-7,0.000013646456,0.000016747348],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846417,0.0000073860047,0.0003923216,0.00036182874,0.00028289668,0.000491389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927795,0.00002930719,0.00013685145,0.00036655625,0.00013077761,0.00005855425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062461634,0.00017017036,0.0003220416,0.0009535129,0.00020382868,0.000024370065,0.00049965753,0.00011258123,0.000005907781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022266153,0.00018550962,0.00004291487,0.0022363078,0.0005141509,0.0004153626,0.00011103646,0.00031954036,4.835484e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001111404,0.000014437647,0.008750621,0.000021190092,0.0000134742895,0.0000069147504,0.00016112158,0.00424655,0.9780837,0.0031490116,0.000035020043,0.005506819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001641151,0.00008257879,0.0027474908,0.0002753774,0.000020997708,0.000023086048,0.00036062882,0.002027776,0.99100655,0.0030164567,0.00007266233,0.00020229071],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000036509903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052041873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037660345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009064035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025854042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7564863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043989758","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000253","title":"Influence of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical performance of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Optical microscope; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Alloy; Scanning electron microscope; Composite material; Friction stir welding; Joint (building); Shear (geology); Shear strength (soil); Structural engineering","score_opus":0.005998938115218924,"score_gpt":0.22201776557178513,"score_spread":0.2160188274565662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043989758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962687,0.00006514984,0.003261967,0.00008875609,0.000024709234,0.000062771025,8.55876e-7,0.00016891805,0.00005818711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9478255,0.00006721649,0.052077297,0.000013144714,0.0000037141476,0.0000033280037,1.7293287e-7,0.000008773463,8.835456e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900746,0.000007998878,0.00030187125,0.00025679774,0.0002026473,0.0002232143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994,0.000042927215,0.00016606675,0.00021674986,0.0001377296,0.00003652491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005888874,0.000119702374,0.00026455318,0.0005686619,0.00012243251,0.0000099965355,0.00022836942,0.00012450533,6.4704477e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031206207,0.000113499445,0.00001834085,0.0010852702,0.0007366661,0.00028349817,0.00009192135,0.00019781257,1.0373318e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010149758,0.000005776914,0.007974763,0.00010506419,0.000007514649,3.0522312e-7,0.00014114109,0.018785557,0.9445863,0.0013985289,0.0000013300088,0.026983598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001403332,0.00028843104,0.0047518495,0.00031210002,0.000019473293,0.000016317497,0.00014875842,0.06121677,0.93169576,0.001268119,0.000020213343,0.000121885045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005901829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.9216394e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04881533,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024413703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018023138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4628373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046468000","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000013","title":"Improving weld strength of magnesium to aluminium dissimilar joints via tin interlayer during ultrasonic spot welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Tin; Intermetallic; Aluminium; Brittleness; Ultimate tensile strength; Spot welding; 5052 aluminium alloy; 6063 aluminium alloy; Composite material; Alloy; 6111 aluminium alloy","score_opus":0.00611696762081121,"score_gpt":0.22963998252245899,"score_spread":0.22352301490164778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046468000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97051793,0.00025830942,0.027774373,0.00018880708,0.00019450262,0.00013467124,0.0000022203221,0.0005397992,0.00038939566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9402224,0.00002569869,0.059649546,0.000013684428,0.000035803154,0.000013169738,2.9094795e-7,0.000029427527,0.00001001277],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979879,0.000011619069,0.0005087968,0.00037951212,0.00033573582,0.00077638234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990239,0.00006215934,0.0001694187,0.00044657022,0.000133186,0.00016475437],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010162656,0.00023363315,0.00039496014,0.0013986418,0.00023195747,0.000025916168,0.000514544,0.00014372736,0.000031136755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00051214464,0.00024248978,0.000058230915,0.0021538823,0.00047990662,0.0007073986,0.00033030668,0.00031007917,0.0000034173165],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005738759,0.000020335645,0.038426798,0.000099628654,0.00001557748,0.0000020507525,0.00043463366,0.00053159107,0.9397608,0.00064727495,0.000005967915,0.020049602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015287047,0.000086733526,0.0037664291,0.00016193831,0.000035080113,0.000039277198,0.0010694381,0.0034855849,0.990676,0.00021897005,0.000044511737,0.00026320183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018729463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035657515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050915167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001089687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002595078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98884463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061642118","doi":"10.1179/136217100101538443","title":"Effect of sulphur on hot ductility and heat affected zone microfissuring in Inconel 718 welds","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Inconel; Ductility (Earth science); Metallurgy; Liquation; Welding; Composite material; Creep; Alloy","score_opus":0.0036349609408064805,"score_gpt":0.22350503491067078,"score_spread":0.2198700739698643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061642118","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982599,0.0006223066,0.00004551688,0.00013391642,0.00004221763,0.00011646919,0.0000010957865,0.00023266894,0.000545922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987163,0.00023267935,0.0010228752,0.0000046111727,0.000006779702,0.0000053046665,1.3615629e-7,0.0000073121223,0.0000039816046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991656,0.00001807073,0.0001963669,0.00023298524,0.00012973878,0.000257231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966097,0.00008361544,0.00002433718,0.00016990432,0.00002561744,0.000035565772],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007985625,0.00011725992,0.00025064158,0.0005240592,0.00009882546,0.000013980678,0.00016425792,0.00011823138,0.000009021304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012982123,0.000102882834,0.000014337874,0.0009695523,0.0006916295,0.00013141743,0.00006321248,0.00019831676,4.0352816e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004820415,0.00003352972,0.073994,0.00028265978,0.000013186139,0.000013482641,0.0003112287,0.0010371329,0.7594276,0.00032294984,0.00001824712,0.16449775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029100952,0.00040317967,0.016975641,0.00029779764,0.000005712373,0.000022853541,0.00009066606,0.00059478945,0.9810313,0.00015119159,0.000034569824,0.000101317506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008235925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007668346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22160365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023494385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012152843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41954404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063918098","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000044","title":"Investigation of weld defects in dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminium to brass by radiography","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Brass; Welding; Metallurgy; Materials science; Aluminium; Void (composites); Friction stir welding; Composite material; Copper","score_opus":0.009180348332703528,"score_gpt":0.23280654632492798,"score_spread":0.22362619799222444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063918098","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745365,0.00044511977,0.0243717,0.00014158957,0.000070296985,0.00009829703,0.0000018034167,0.000166168,0.00016853203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96503353,0.00007082679,0.03485811,0.000010869875,0.0000067748974,0.000009014068,4.6027748e-7,0.000009759908,6.332109e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989254,0.0000110914925,0.0003510319,0.00018645999,0.00021450748,0.00031154242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994682,0.000055143788,0.0001266511,0.00020175418,0.00007715249,0.000071065006],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009062241,0.00010765593,0.00025767222,0.0018411978,0.00007240509,0.0000061686483,0.00021817799,0.00010422351,0.0000020446964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025580867,0.000116423325,0.00003207398,0.0040332563,0.00043822857,0.00045998528,0.00008267265,0.00014402198,1.7967629e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001935502,0.000006678272,0.32868865,0.000035910736,0.000007839665,2.1094617e-7,0.0003545452,0.0013236451,0.6653499,0.0012404352,0.000036327063,0.002953941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009632566,0.00007551775,0.010977663,0.00016564551,0.000015809112,0.0000032287749,0.0005925354,0.0018192681,0.9849099,0.0011856534,0.000045157853,0.000113296905],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020187998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027859182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31956002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042940104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014221883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47476053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071260267","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000069","title":"Effect of Ni–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite coating thickness on transient liquid phase bonding of Al 6061 MMC","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Intermetallic; Eutectic system; Composite material; Nanocomposite; Scanning electron microscope; Diffusion bonding; Base metal; Phase (matter); Isothermal process; Dissolution; Shear strength (soil); Metallurgy; Microstructure; Alloy; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.011016190560225304,"score_gpt":0.22912468135144914,"score_spread":0.21810849079122385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071260267","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99711657,0.00035941065,0.0011265614,0.00011239274,0.00024664294,0.00026147423,0.0000029485345,0.00031158634,0.00046241697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982872,0.000039401322,0.0015815216,0.000032054406,0.000009459893,0.00001866191,5.873217e-7,0.00003055406,5.6546224e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99798447,0.000037881524,0.00056889415,0.0004290084,0.00043144543,0.0005483078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999036,0.00014472818,0.0002205252,0.00035886784,0.00015910358,0.000080779006],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015257496,0.0002744147,0.0005228617,0.0010129134,0.00027970487,0.000019614554,0.00049591565,0.00015746219,0.0000016770141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019336808,0.00025606412,0.00007113132,0.0013273933,0.0013984683,0.00040775008,0.00016889181,0.00036000964,0.0000022063793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013349218,0.00004965109,0.0015366643,0.00015995083,0.000032752014,0.000008756372,0.0016137456,0.000278682,0.9726681,0.00090667646,0.000007715763,0.022603812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079663383,0.0022983341,0.00020307586,0.0007176425,0.000040505547,0.00005547513,0.00035077045,0.003907291,0.9913188,0.00006457995,0.000011671278,0.00023522436],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000079173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022826664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022368588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057602905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004668126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082905695","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000059","title":"Resistance microwelding of crossed Pt–10Ir and 316 LVM stainless steel wires","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Electrical Contact Performance and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Joint (building); Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Flexibility (engineering); Metallurgy; Carbon steel; Corrosion; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.01007960723594647,"score_gpt":0.19949207011462874,"score_spread":0.18941246287868227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082905695","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959295,0.0014374411,0.000584313,0.00007807219,0.000025373252,0.000036134206,6.7407234e-7,0.000095528,0.0018129622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966189,0.0002207506,0.0031179208,0.000011553529,0.0000040667624,0.0000022449685,6.5656145e-8,0.0000056235845,0.000018857518],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991902,0.0000040138834,0.00021485235,0.00018156406,0.0001349278,0.00027445625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961627,0.000027900725,0.000066266475,0.00014909059,0.0001013374,0.000039128994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044245014,0.00008749595,0.0001978419,0.00053893967,0.00018176387,0.000017517494,0.00020321911,0.00006652937,0.0000043517603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000979112,0.00008116593,0.000017542145,0.0013227187,0.0007089098,0.0003169638,0.0000639496,0.00012602091,3.2135227e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010026672,0.000011189844,0.083462566,0.00009438835,0.000022333637,0.000004002431,0.00091210485,0.000017501365,0.88498765,0.008002728,0.000010323881,0.022465166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025000525,0.00009557528,0.01926936,0.00017022506,0.000021734157,0.0000066779266,0.0015213374,0.0018560628,0.9746899,0.0018301427,0.00012392052,0.00016507106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013000288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001250175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08970222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016852107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029669602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33098507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087500530","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000234","title":"Surface residual stresses in multipass welds produced using low transformation temperature filler alloys","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Neutron diffraction; Compression (physics); Fusion welding; Plasticity; Diffraction; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.009404704985201955,"score_gpt":0.2359174749984043,"score_spread":0.22651277001320233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087500530","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99769413,0.00022237274,0.00055054476,0.0005852534,0.0000958233,0.00012228174,0.000001468322,0.00035588467,0.00037225985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99008745,0.00008228218,0.009784456,0.000011060458,0.000017626666,0.0000033042345,5.070885e-7,0.000010749139,0.0000025712357],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989847,0.000013469535,0.00024313731,0.0002320263,0.00020582987,0.00032081653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996162,0.000039262413,0.000044847464,0.00017522798,0.00008764861,0.000036794343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006585917,0.00012550988,0.0001829461,0.00045859013,0.00018139363,0.000043782304,0.00023432329,0.00015857661,0.0000034709715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021799946,0.0001134436,0.00001329024,0.0011388137,0.00036952712,0.00039142402,0.000053472366,0.00023950067,3.6927167e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005884367,0.00001904741,0.015949719,0.00013067367,0.0000068222193,0.0000027336002,0.0006319303,0.040599298,0.93179715,0.001341211,0.00004716204,0.009468373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022378605,0.00005238724,0.0020816277,0.00031818298,0.000004621297,0.000013557987,0.00057878194,0.015185823,0.9808408,0.00042956843,0.00010989949,0.00016094786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003382223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015796093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04904367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032413023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003314919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4626096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091695993","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000005","title":"Liquid film formation and cracking during friction stir welding","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Rotational speed; Welding; Dissolution; Friction stir welding; Cracking; Metallurgy; Rotation (mathematics); Composite material; Spall; Phase (matter); Melting point; Mechanical engineering; Geometry","score_opus":0.012578055738844117,"score_gpt":0.22014147128016578,"score_spread":0.20756341554132166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091695993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9450531,0.00022357113,0.05272603,0.000065099324,0.0000601044,0.000062535306,3.8240256e-7,0.0006996608,0.0011095067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9583343,0.00017975287,0.041449588,0.000006294145,0.000009677936,0.000007339383,1.4851284e-7,0.000010581629,0.0000023061868],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909526,0.000004972769,0.00023834284,0.00021960742,0.00015307307,0.0002887266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995911,0.000018243547,0.00008371111,0.00017258879,0.00008858132,0.000045746012],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047183072,0.000110501955,0.00015616287,0.0009381824,0.0003574086,0.00002432186,0.00016955454,0.000088109875,0.000006744668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001633162,0.00011748612,0.000016863049,0.0012339925,0.00035209063,0.0009818987,0.00013632793,0.00016841337,7.0980053e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000139532585,0.000011514285,0.016820302,0.00011251088,0.000022593282,0.000008761024,0.0022036093,0.0016582203,0.93473923,0.009264479,0.000007349639,0.035137475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014114608,0.000100887264,0.0026969444,0.00016281482,0.000019766605,0.00006754646,0.0015581594,0.024348933,0.96740115,0.0032742515,0.00004304757,0.00018537503],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000085398415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002250232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0349521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053403888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009191987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47909448},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093146989","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000008","title":"Influences of welding parameters on mechanical properties of AZ31 friction stir spot welds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"China Scholarship Council; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Dwell time; Welding; Spot welding; Rotational speed; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Friction stir welding; Shear (geology); Brittleness; Optical microscope; Microstructure; Fracture (geology); Scanning electron microscope; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.022590633085563916,"score_gpt":0.24790887718937601,"score_spread":0.2253182441038121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093146989","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99009305,0.0002767903,0.008909283,0.00012871901,0.00008124456,0.00006421037,3.9233274e-7,0.00024546534,0.0002008284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96283925,0.000057502024,0.037076566,0.000007465887,0.000006226863,0.000005331432,3.5077786e-8,0.0000068319455,8.180916e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990028,0.000008980121,0.00030176432,0.0001592194,0.00023985983,0.00028738275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995112,0.00003928597,0.000113844646,0.00020066634,0.00009089238,0.000044150584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007805975,0.00009803669,0.00021997558,0.00074590975,0.00010907279,0.0000076107826,0.00023929586,0.00008747432,0.00000276703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037394091,0.000087460445,0.000030989744,0.0014451168,0.00063857506,0.00045863682,0.00008313295,0.00014266657,4.0708125e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006633604,0.000019036921,0.017852595,0.000035617082,0.000017171438,3.1537581e-7,0.00024679396,0.004153475,0.94162726,0.016726147,0.0000014917682,0.019313468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007372392,0.000114891576,0.0012449537,0.00016613147,0.000017294122,0.000006996674,0.00090817426,0.0040443307,0.99172723,0.0015939743,0.0000119908145,0.000090283946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014079396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.7634685e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0501,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003259627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014167088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35665336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101180868","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000129","title":"Feasibility study of resistance spot welding of dissimilar Al/Mg combinations with Ni based interlayers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Aluminium; Nickel; Composite material; Shear strength (soil)","score_opus":0.010444351251359427,"score_gpt":0.25058641475279086,"score_spread":0.24014206350143144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101180868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97816926,0.000064941705,0.020484375,0.00034663326,0.000026291087,0.00025199036,0.0000012287325,0.0002411412,0.00041413592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9627917,0.000007429968,0.03715747,0.0000081388835,0.0000012328613,0.000018831804,1.7998622e-7,0.000010489085,0.000004558705],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988098,0.00001345829,0.000367953,0.00028352748,0.0002883828,0.00023687791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989821,0.00007093041,0.00017218733,0.00042635037,0.00030678135,0.000041655803],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006375653,0.00012323337,0.0003080895,0.00071703095,0.00021059226,0.000021856951,0.00037978138,0.000054197255,0.0000075402636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028671796,0.00011285998,0.000023668934,0.0021950123,0.0008794437,0.0003553675,0.00009263984,0.00016400634,1.7152314e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032605756,0.00048383934,0.576249,0.00021915165,0.000104543506,0.000005745323,0.0014334087,0.013712279,0.39394495,0.0041021793,0.000113502625,0.009598756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017724494,0.0011367932,0.037311666,0.0008503141,0.00011275213,0.000007220141,0.019110296,0.041595116,0.8897378,0.007798524,0.000037782276,0.0005292982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003974138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003936094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5389374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056249348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003209219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46022967},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107366924","doi":"10.1179/136217110x12720264008439","title":"Effect of microstructure on liquation cracking during AZ91 friction stir spot welding","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Toronto","funders":"Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Eutectic system; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Welding; Cracking; Spot welding; Friction stir welding; Penetration (warfare); Composite material","score_opus":0.002873416034093005,"score_gpt":0.23602055046128634,"score_spread":0.23314713442719334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107366924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929491,0.000054829194,0.0058677183,0.0000916374,0.00019483022,0.00010460115,8.8358246e-7,0.00049070804,0.00024564398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98559815,0.000026935779,0.014323012,0.0000039848715,0.00002402152,0.0000062391655,3.334721e-7,0.000015295023,0.000002004405],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891454,0.00001040944,0.0002703944,0.0002801735,0.00023916949,0.0002853404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934614,0.000094153555,0.00013511437,0.0002796178,0.00010578492,0.00003921355],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089285563,0.00014768193,0.00024474808,0.0011160524,0.00027273124,0.000023350525,0.0002593024,0.00016068832,0.0000066406596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060414535,0.00014212624,0.000036359823,0.0016052085,0.00043173993,0.00033838177,0.00008859299,0.0004189424,6.7120305e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008251784,0.0000031155778,0.011047679,0.000053448828,0.000008292746,0.0000014874137,0.0000960972,0.0030555755,0.9598716,0.0014501641,0.0000013814283,0.024402894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016838209,0.00015965088,0.0021128713,0.00013927386,0.00001929746,0.000023530809,0.00009064706,0.007216107,0.98886675,0.001061535,0.000019138468,0.0001228358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006182873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025241236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028995117,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004670655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000141301825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.579574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110982048","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000107","title":"Analysis of tool geometry in dissimilar Al alloy friction stir welds using optical microscopy and serial sectioning","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Hitachi (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","keywords":"Materials science; Material flow; Friction stir welding; Optical microscope; Welding; Aluminium; Alloy; Flow (mathematics); Aluminium alloy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Butt welding; Viscosity; Geometry; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.007928347754080679,"score_gpt":0.2612857085630459,"score_spread":0.2533573608089652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2110982048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9491245,0.0000903543,0.050353326,0.00010550203,0.000054441567,0.00007041414,9.2613044e-7,0.00015383662,0.000046670335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92158324,0.00006545277,0.078323066,0.0000086654945,0.0000059820436,0.0000049768646,3.4892125e-7,0.0000075085345,7.5365415e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896395,0.000007199216,0.000323955,0.0002671134,0.00016808015,0.00026968092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995708,0.00004279424,0.000080935206,0.00017249299,0.00009546517,0.00003753935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052822015,0.00010854973,0.00030590987,0.0022852677,0.00014143976,0.000034219196,0.00014382896,0.000118209646,0.000009425545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021415742,0.00011483336,0.00003204115,0.004677926,0.0005099542,0.00048751608,0.00011712287,0.00018455535,1.3522373e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025917645,0.000007513865,0.14068869,0.000014766541,0.00006007667,0.000001104427,0.00013035367,0.03769206,0.81477004,0.0005315805,0.0000021108058,0.006099082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020870932,0.00008264789,0.026435435,0.00010151483,0.00016855227,0.000015391226,0.0011224656,0.5705562,0.40019566,0.0008821703,0.0000132860805,0.00021793258],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000072022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008941149,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5328642,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000650717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018327002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46827686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113070864","doi":"10.1179/136217109x456960","title":"Joint formation in dissimilar Al alloy/steel and Mg alloy/steel friction stir spot welds","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Intermetallic; Alloy; Welding; Cracking; Dual-phase steel; Galvannealed; Composite material; Carbon steel; Galvanization; Microstructure; Layer (electronics); Martensite; Corrosion","score_opus":0.011468422403436221,"score_gpt":0.24431847617462402,"score_spread":0.23285005377118778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113070864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9845204,0.000257816,0.01214947,0.0019097958,0.000047895035,0.00011002672,7.9130893e-7,0.0005054344,0.0004983783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96996874,0.00020355027,0.029720409,0.00008020694,0.000007989135,0.000006609693,4.824761e-7,0.0000082835395,0.0000037398286],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988191,0.000007933385,0.00033360004,0.000278002,0.00021674657,0.00034462565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995582,0.000020968328,0.00008619438,0.00020926326,0.00007097696,0.000054399658],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006512271,0.00014255354,0.00023407205,0.0011070747,0.00019036897,0.000035388493,0.0001834262,0.00012628353,0.0000030454821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018423295,0.00014641367,0.000023253946,0.0014995382,0.00029785704,0.0005249175,0.00007945841,0.00024798585,5.8065456e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000055593096,0.000019577159,0.005239452,0.000026766807,0.000008018884,0.00001065339,0.00044483563,0.007619274,0.9102541,0.0077944654,0.000061267456,0.06851602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007001273,0.0003978505,0.026449043,0.00042216058,0.000038583737,0.00016196635,0.0021554085,0.38364175,0.56738985,0.017381692,0.0006917608,0.00056979427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000697288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008154834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3760225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008661243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013416995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5970576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116252166","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000006","title":"Synthesis and generalisation of welding fundamentals to design new welding technologies: Status, challenges and a promising approach","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Multiphysics; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Friction welding; Scaling; Manufacturing engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Mathematics","score_opus":0.07046626495168906,"score_gpt":0.25189533472564973,"score_spread":0.18142906977396067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116252166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8016052,0.0032055415,0.19365945,0.00024729213,0.000020770509,0.00018774171,5.1480833e-7,0.0006149908,0.00045849028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.632868,0.0011148984,0.36598733,0.000004007989,0.0000030968497,0.000012303311,2.780495e-8,0.000009640994,7.1556394e-7],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987204,0.0000138558535,0.00030658292,0.00038980588,0.00017917548,0.00039017358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942595,0.00007400181,0.000106420106,0.00024657013,0.00006564398,0.00008142986],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009964677,0.00015856892,0.00030254645,0.0012341561,0.00018860002,0.000026803216,0.00023321662,0.00011627061,0.000001961312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005526579,0.00016002262,0.000017809343,0.0011288591,0.0006299896,0.0004881368,0.00021947657,0.00012635361,1.3019417e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000124880635,0.00001860157,0.0098243635,0.000112078145,0.000043081036,0.0000020687396,0.0047268677,0.0010863715,0.4408367,0.015952667,0.0000034094992,0.5273813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014274655,0.0001438742,0.0011719409,0.0002665542,0.000034782046,0.000032573927,0.011662579,0.007739471,0.96694744,0.011616684,0.000016980855,0.00022439088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023987153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013444084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5271569,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051951392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026463074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6525533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121718758","doi":"10.1179/174329308x319244","title":"Analytical thermal model of conduction mode double sided arc welding","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Weld pool; Thermal conduction; Arc blow; Heat-affected zone; Plasma arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Penetration (warfare); Gas tungsten arc welding; Arc welding; Thermal; Composite material; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03856252619554313,"score_gpt":0.26777482413185494,"score_spread":0.22921229793631182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121718758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916663,0.0001641158,0.0048976084,0.0002253461,0.000053221876,0.000060352042,9.3463694e-7,0.0003356437,0.0025964654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98680824,0.000105231076,0.01304765,0.000005888687,0.000011170653,0.0000036371835,1.6046549e-7,0.00000840365,0.000009630464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910533,0.00000330608,0.00022840888,0.0001873942,0.00021195743,0.00026360078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960303,0.000025914016,0.000054606557,0.0001704692,0.00010232749,0.000043641863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002839679,0.000096086595,0.00019293038,0.00049780624,0.00020173834,0.000009664742,0.0002222078,0.00010550137,0.0000048331312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009108415,0.0000871547,0.000024543217,0.0008093178,0.0010664281,0.0002569966,0.00009276199,0.00016508486,3.6191318e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012549717,0.000022831851,0.010636381,0.00004317185,0.000019038187,0.0000052323826,0.0003915663,0.13406089,0.83281326,0.017826071,0.00006544982,0.0041035744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018379712,0.000052533705,0.00024633144,0.000072200404,0.000008307388,0.0000341853,0.00021612312,0.1437807,0.85312974,0.0021653734,0.000011596198,0.000099116216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002413937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011133664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020316498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022978524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046045796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3929299},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125624725","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000137","title":"Measuring laser weldability of aluminium alloys using controlled restraint weldability test","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Weldability; Materials science; Welding; Keyhole; Cracking; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Composite material; Aluminium","score_opus":0.017597707054884015,"score_gpt":0.20943535177739483,"score_spread":0.19183764472251083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2125624725","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976566,0.00027377633,0.00034490688,0.0002567402,0.0001459758,0.00031456313,0.0000015855618,0.00022492459,0.00078093004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884005,0.000009819293,0.011535371,0.000009879038,0.000014841556,0.000012930616,8.8422475e-8,0.000013275805,0.0000032605478],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841493,0.000017904622,0.00051456504,0.0003388689,0.00029063088,0.00042309018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890715,0.00013761001,0.00012492044,0.00039153453,0.00036883823,0.00006995815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013268017,0.00017238759,0.0004296216,0.00041002547,0.00019271222,0.000035640416,0.00037774944,0.00013839449,0.00002448148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017797797,0.00014890199,0.000044235854,0.00079791696,0.0024487223,0.00045787595,0.00017454551,0.00023943064,0.0000017317627],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007836117,0.000015669551,0.05083715,0.00006463806,0.000016197962,7.34369e-7,0.00029717328,0.00063692284,0.9426847,0.00019403597,0.000003831441,0.005241079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000767754,0.000104336636,0.017049996,0.00011323908,0.000022135151,0.000031628235,0.0015183671,0.012249774,0.96554464,0.0023789997,0.000014898534,0.00020424828],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007797378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000074548693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033787154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007808339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009547969,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9022419},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132149106","doi":"10.1179/136217110x12665778348380","title":"Constants for hot deformation constitutive models for recent experimental data","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Colorado School of Mines; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Forging; Welding; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Constitutive equation; Friction stir welding; Creep; Titanium alloy; Deformation (meteorology); Alloy; Composite material; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Engineering","score_opus":0.041910860329215344,"score_gpt":0.3143326471061067,"score_spread":0.27242178677689133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2132149106","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4210313,0.00013407778,0.5774335,0.00016350535,0.0001410503,0.000257155,0.000024462142,0.00032809496,0.00048680187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7608475,0.000030400226,0.23907235,0.000010028203,0.0000061840487,0.00002585669,0.0000022870804,0.0000047875355,5.7257125e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992997,0.0000012968662,0.00017471609,0.00020987069,0.000097169315,0.00021726052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944043,0.00004426123,0.000057312413,0.00028285704,0.00014414979,0.000031002626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005713489,0.000075776064,0.00013082661,0.00033267876,0.00022104692,0.000019704683,0.00034205752,0.000070034555,0.0000019941228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028776575,0.00007595878,0.000012191581,0.0004868519,0.00077302265,0.00071050256,0.00012361293,0.000094879724,1.4231445e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012349336,0.000014307407,0.00030654322,0.00002310097,0.000018630775,3.3408057e-7,0.00021153822,0.002218002,0.7734956,0.1590693,0.000081675986,0.06454861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002072001,0.00004802707,0.0000035309347,0.000023985915,0.00001067696,0.0000109210705,0.0007424792,0.35492584,0.6296264,0.013700883,0.0006056388,0.00009439465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014891375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026498367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35270786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028023009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004351039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3097509},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145498379","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000070","title":"Metallurgical analysis of magnetic pulse welds of AZ31 magnesium alloy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Magnesium alloy; Composite material; Transmission electron microscopy; Metallurgy; Deformation (meteorology); Fracture (geology); Alloy; Heat-affected zone","score_opus":0.023777994203244158,"score_gpt":0.23796741249178668,"score_spread":0.21418941828854252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145498379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950676,0.00027306113,0.00039761537,0.00038304084,0.00004275992,0.00008435602,0.0000029928694,0.00004625608,0.00370233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876951,0.00001886693,0.012204266,0.00001769092,0.0000035502806,0.000010485226,2.1026031e-7,0.0000038735693,0.00004593695],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987185,0.000016221022,0.00040263918,0.00032248243,0.0002800327,0.00026015408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990817,0.00002863843,0.00021751938,0.00036914335,0.00024947748,0.0000535377],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010065773,0.00009280298,0.00032823492,0.0008241124,0.00014172714,0.000011900857,0.00054015446,0.000078253586,0.00066611567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016416809,0.00007566362,0.000050631086,0.0027784999,0.0023233006,0.00018876384,0.00024489948,0.00006719254,0.0000031082504],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009362349,0.000055565586,0.008469823,0.000024251221,0.000009814258,9.919809e-7,0.0003197697,0.000015737103,0.9578144,0.0301092,0.0000016706783,0.0031693934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018258249,0.00039777235,0.024256924,0.000016385471,0.00029610997,0.000010001475,0.0014893695,0.0016284062,0.9702373,0.0012751104,0.00007597878,0.00013406335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016615506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001082645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02883409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007327558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006351277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8560298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151494658","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000004","title":"Prediction of welding deformations of large stiffened panels using average plastic strain method","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Fillet (mechanics); Structural engineering; Composite material; Plasticity; Fillet weld; Strain (injury); Residual stress","score_opus":0.04450832242513742,"score_gpt":0.2687696790294255,"score_spread":0.2242613566042881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151494658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76587284,0.0000709386,0.23331617,0.000011991908,0.00006738546,0.000050177397,0.000009342291,0.00016253209,0.00043862354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9169364,0.000021093938,0.083028615,0.000001569013,0.000004721443,0.0000017952474,1.8773338e-7,0.0000051664265,4.7203585e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923044,0.000009088059,0.00027858876,0.000118552554,0.00014818736,0.00021512434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960285,0.000052440035,0.000097171855,0.00012500893,0.00009139841,0.00003109992],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006730797,0.000074533236,0.00015492336,0.00058104127,0.0001408168,0.000006772951,0.00017140177,0.00007553615,0.000009947279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022695451,0.00006955086,0.000019086889,0.000906354,0.0003262288,0.00030168492,0.00007513758,0.00009749515,9.8420884e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048332604,0.000028113169,0.025635427,0.000114091454,0.000021140702,0.0000017007002,0.0013763554,0.006572126,0.9397389,0.016849007,0.0000017209079,0.009656577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015033124,0.00009407956,0.009943292,0.00018054261,0.000014955181,0.000023950568,0.0011542756,0.027947616,0.9574229,0.0029945616,0.0000055502724,0.000067939334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017685798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.8445944e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15106353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017120288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025558997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28362018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153866202","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000244","title":"3D microstructure reconstruction of chrome carbide weld overlays","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Metal Alloys Wear and Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Overlay; Carbide; Microstructure; Materials science; Morphology (biology); Chromium carbide; Welding; Metallurgy; Geology; Computer science","score_opus":0.008554376408822817,"score_gpt":0.21655305920322884,"score_spread":0.20799868279440603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2153866202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970521,0.00020216846,0.00015590608,0.00025272276,0.00028814512,0.000040797033,0.0000011877174,0.00005333136,0.001953644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907455,0.000013147054,0.009175424,0.000029273395,0.00001630517,0.000001203481,6.25572e-8,0.000003240811,0.000015873376],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991784,0.000016189031,0.00020163711,0.0002264849,0.00017837579,0.0001989178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995087,0.000025870355,0.000132184,0.00018040463,0.00012246413,0.000030403304],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094083464,0.00006935714,0.0001752396,0.00028169004,0.00018676478,0.000022121174,0.00023583959,0.00006966675,0.00005071254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004057314,0.000055341305,0.000015126937,0.00052325806,0.0016771306,0.00025064504,0.00011789172,0.000082465085,0.0000034475336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043127134,0.000002513249,0.008827301,0.000017566264,0.0000013541227,2.1876166e-7,0.00015935359,0.0000073216306,0.96773815,0.0034309009,0.0000036463787,0.019807365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000108124834,0.00012545871,0.0028077383,0.000062765575,0.0000056232275,0.0000744356,0.0004102231,0.00016279431,0.99343944,0.002536268,0.00019878574,0.000068367204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041457086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003265309,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025701268,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009790034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050119605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61794573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157970528","doi":"10.1179/1362171815y.0000000054","title":"Coating behaviour and nugget formation during resistance welding of hot forming steels","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Coating; Metallurgy; Welding; Electric resistance welding; Electrode; Oxide; Thermal conduction; Heat-affected zone; Composite material","score_opus":0.013355383756893784,"score_gpt":0.24359488163583082,"score_spread":0.23023949787893702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157970528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97530246,0.00050065824,0.023087664,0.000091872964,0.000039227427,0.00008492341,0.0000012725253,0.0003357989,0.0005561035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92888486,0.00006650062,0.07101357,0.0000034541536,0.0000070456554,0.0000066132634,2.4695768e-7,0.000011116853,0.0000065765157],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884963,0.000006750503,0.00036409212,0.00021340104,0.0002622665,0.00030385176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934214,0.000034877576,0.00016916296,0.00020258695,0.00018539744,0.000065833236],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094572647,0.00011848273,0.00024120169,0.0007957524,0.0002141763,0.000026106085,0.00021228108,0.0000838803,9.013092e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003876474,0.00012701988,0.000018941164,0.0012742194,0.00045517314,0.00090497534,0.00015891399,0.00015935469,1.5830905e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021910913,0.000018013903,0.10220685,0.0003817968,0.00002766349,0.000011347335,0.003370065,0.006042318,0.8594004,0.0098748915,0.000023413662,0.018621307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000291481,0.000055808323,0.0013949593,0.00039815926,0.000023039824,0.000040981442,0.003965475,0.007783918,0.98223436,0.0035984188,0.00002909698,0.00018430217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000072731887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000078722205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12283394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007555605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023762137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51797205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163736991","doi":"10.1179/136217108x394726","title":"Effects of surface conditions on resistance spot welding of Mg alloy AZ31","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Spot welding; Alloy; Welding; Magnesium alloy; Composite material","score_opus":0.004442335576558516,"score_gpt":0.23744780999974768,"score_spread":0.23300547442318917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163736991","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916078,0.0003682703,0.0061190138,0.0002989654,0.00004357659,0.00009776346,0.0000018355651,0.00031452652,0.0011482674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9638364,0.00011435117,0.036010604,0.000014793922,0.00000429385,0.000002272105,2.144495e-7,0.000007973101,0.000009152107],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893796,0.000008148368,0.00030492072,0.00023420606,0.00024449558,0.00027027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992936,0.00012637462,0.0001414253,0.0002727074,0.00012706028,0.000038794165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046979767,0.000119987955,0.0003013591,0.0006660223,0.00013021416,0.000007458056,0.00031536445,0.00009316548,0.000002981075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037961692,0.00012558831,0.000038524668,0.0018549549,0.0006578021,0.00021168204,0.000048719787,0.00016830373,4.0403424e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048652646,0.000019027793,0.001321536,0.00006229454,0.000012205495,0.000003787874,0.000089821624,0.008630119,0.96133953,0.02631918,0.000028216895,0.0021693967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015741104,0.0001419921,0.0019121504,0.00039852358,0.000021802372,0.0000036675526,0.00014476021,0.0015678698,0.98617935,0.009308241,0.00004835271,0.00011584824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030358876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013378425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02989159,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003985986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000223193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51213425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166712812","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000094","title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welded Mg–Al joints by ultrasonic spot welding technique","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Welding; Microstructure; Ultrasonic welding; Ultrasonic sensor; Composite material; Joint (building); Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Acoustics","score_opus":0.00878241782401476,"score_gpt":0.22843977060397969,"score_spread":0.21965735277996493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2166712812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789421,0.0017648842,0.018145004,0.00037831976,0.00006691506,0.00016859373,0.0000037128386,0.00043586717,0.00009458385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94927764,0.0002773089,0.05037107,0.000024345656,0.000009684769,0.000016546675,3.6017553e-7,0.00002008325,0.0000029498767],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856985,0.000012417611,0.0003583157,0.00030062773,0.00024567588,0.0005131051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993688,0.000031483174,0.00012010949,0.00028557781,0.00009541328,0.000098609045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008873743,0.00019575852,0.00035996642,0.000582926,0.00021657799,0.000022488683,0.0003273217,0.00019094488,0.000007252634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003434529,0.00017675158,0.000035511413,0.0011866099,0.0010563128,0.0005131299,0.00020117128,0.00032758844,2.6507337e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003873901,0.000009715829,0.00510734,0.00004935964,0.000015254647,6.634034e-7,0.00013581071,0.00002559883,0.9883241,0.0018148546,0.000035097768,0.0044783354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011932045,0.000058496484,0.00024627746,0.000213645,0.000025114448,0.00007869775,0.00050211174,0.0008867409,0.9960844,0.0013801748,0.00021270267,0.0001923304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006844042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.913716e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032226063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050320494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023358063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.720772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172675813","doi":"10.1179/136217108x370290","title":"Metallographic and OIM study of weld cracking in GTA weld build-up of polycrystalline, directionally solidified and single crystal Ni based superalloys","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Superalloy; Welding; Metallurgy; Alloy; Heat-affected zone; Cracking; Microstructure; Composite material","score_opus":0.0076456872638381536,"score_gpt":0.21555643667714677,"score_spread":0.20791074941330862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172675813","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99813205,0.00082457304,0.00020976561,0.00026357375,0.000067578156,0.00012711519,0.0000012656595,0.00008768826,0.00028641854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979159,0.00005037686,0.001992061,0.000018878747,0.000007107873,0.0000032452674,2.8466576e-7,0.000007935719,0.00000421281],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884486,0.000015167838,0.0003596478,0.00028404297,0.00023522347,0.00026103607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995604,0.00005459664,0.000075140066,0.00016365461,0.00009872459,0.000047454316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006302203,0.00014083767,0.00033188143,0.0009527043,0.00017453101,0.00004044477,0.00016855756,0.00011140782,0.000002661878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012867157,0.00013603439,0.00002023228,0.0013885228,0.00050778285,0.00025868852,0.000057310033,0.00019827782,2.217105e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014701443,0.00010348907,0.078991756,0.00003528781,0.000019140316,0.0000051126513,0.0005857489,0.00042269987,0.91495144,0.0012138688,0.0000026134528,0.0036541314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006136056,0.005241022,0.37126085,0.0010181443,0.00016356923,0.00014206769,0.015338717,0.018501893,0.57701844,0.0038464586,0.00019586585,0.0011369123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055996927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000122817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33793303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000112242915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027824977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55473214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172683802","doi":"10.1179/174329307x177900","title":"Mechanism of cracking in AZ91 friction stir spot welds","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Welding; Cracking; Penetration (warfare); Spot welding; Metallurgy; Grain boundary; Dwell time; Friction stir welding; Composite material; Microstructure","score_opus":0.008705157266046322,"score_gpt":0.25105507754294765,"score_spread":0.24234992027690133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172683802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8055538,0.00011348744,0.19296801,0.00008202138,0.00006142096,0.000046607278,2.446076e-7,0.00027166592,0.00090274826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9378763,0.000056548,0.06204274,0.000006211994,0.0000064156725,0.0000020185103,8.2654765e-8,0.000007806055,0.0000019158108],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990124,0.00000340524,0.00030343313,0.00019343839,0.00019318904,0.00029414767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995749,0.00004254402,0.00008307185,0.00018275152,0.000086947875,0.000029755854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001366247,0.00008688941,0.00018789666,0.0015564157,0.000088174624,0.000007444771,0.00022139122,0.00010809881,0.0000039755323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022498865,0.0000940444,0.000019353525,0.0026155373,0.00032629186,0.0002755602,0.00008824876,0.00018693908,3.5194847e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003303644,0.000011501918,0.01813915,0.000027257276,0.000007668728,0.0000074605837,0.00026656105,0.0020320877,0.8548177,0.06653087,0.0000024476294,0.058154013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000117481766,0.000059725848,0.0018130061,0.00012135869,0.000008122539,0.000014715163,0.0009260263,0.013451394,0.96025723,0.023082634,0.00003603982,0.000112270056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018574532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012654771,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13232248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006335824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015828742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38350195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172956621","doi":"10.1179/136217110x12665778348542","title":"New method for investigating material flow during friction stir spot welding","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Jilin University","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Friction stir welding; Material flow; Flow (mathematics); Welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering","score_opus":0.00895634325403242,"score_gpt":0.2726347931230772,"score_spread":0.26367844986904476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172956621","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65744436,0.000021199148,0.34114206,0.00021923464,0.00026796007,0.00009323158,0.0000014738591,0.0006888567,0.00012165846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.52235544,0.000006085239,0.47756112,0.0000053216154,0.00004679408,0.000008893185,2.858095e-7,0.000011997992,0.0000040433215],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876094,0.0000055236032,0.00030095686,0.00033767032,0.00018570664,0.00040922873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938107,0.000063479194,0.00010096592,0.00025300388,0.000109818924,0.0000916535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009221527,0.00014989276,0.00023642127,0.00083327957,0.00042163042,0.000057876572,0.0003138455,0.00015133555,0.000012518953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00067382056,0.00016045419,0.000035026012,0.0013924252,0.0002814162,0.00047415108,0.00013247992,0.00028467088,5.197248e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023691534,0.0000019195625,0.0014959917,0.000029607136,0.000008998724,7.770928e-7,0.00013066336,0.0031126107,0.94250834,0.003989384,0.0000137196175,0.048705626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016930353,0.000036507514,0.00024201423,0.000066264605,0.000020127618,0.00003343145,0.00024033799,0.07984785,0.9076976,0.011336279,0.00014447815,0.00016577044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017287492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000819693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13641907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043725388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044127395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6543132},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173034245","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538505","title":"Properties of as welded and heat treated pure titanium–7075 Al–Zn–Mg alloy friction weld joints","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Alloy; Titanium; Titanium alloy; Friction welding","score_opus":0.012172029749648145,"score_gpt":0.23067161263311806,"score_spread":0.2184995828834699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2173034245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947147,0.00064012734,0.0022429347,0.000713208,0.000043277265,0.00010295124,5.8742535e-7,0.00053740013,0.0010048534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99157417,0.00065509026,0.0076942546,0.000026846048,0.000006937442,0.00000859522,2.5406518e-7,0.000013330923,0.00002050098],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998932,0.000007816655,0.00027318057,0.00028754876,0.00021004013,0.0002894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994991,0.000016796645,0.000061929924,0.00023988546,0.00013126482,0.000051024563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000401671,0.00014073493,0.00026785582,0.0007746744,0.00019847987,0.000023001108,0.00019883079,0.00012222797,0.000009477026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019274597,0.00012956094,0.000026357788,0.00155549,0.00067108887,0.00037975764,0.00010958351,0.00017316126,0.0000012314318],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007800869,0.000011535589,0.017215325,0.000028036806,0.000023122742,0.0000051794377,0.00015089249,0.0004472168,0.9718294,0.0024308828,0.00002624214,0.007824346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022840439,0.00018207381,0.00077896647,0.00024323245,0.00003557467,0.00010757817,0.00096080644,0.012035513,0.98245615,0.0022991672,0.00047968683,0.00019282264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005284877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009051923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016436357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043093052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020563455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52833414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173123663","doi":"10.1179/174329304x8702","title":"Isothermal solidification during transient liquid phase bonding of Inconel 738 superalloy","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Superalloy; Isothermal process; Inconel; Eutectic system; Metallurgy; Boride; Brazing; Precipitation; Liquid metal; Diffusion; Alloy; Phase (matter); Microstructure; Base metal; Transient (computer programming); Thermodynamics; Welding","score_opus":0.00564335890039393,"score_gpt":0.22306317371405682,"score_spread":0.21741981481366288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2173123663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972445,0.00032515867,0.0011159414,0.00047424965,0.00007281071,0.00006530736,0.0000011560704,0.00017568022,0.00052524474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784046,0.000037235073,0.0020845414,0.000008557024,0.000011957163,0.0000043906157,2.4146405e-7,0.000009087702,0.0000034984582],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991806,0.0000031392633,0.00022824638,0.00017627764,0.00016048712,0.0002512266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996908,0.000007989577,0.000038505095,0.00015084185,0.000069511974,0.000042350654],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030908652,0.000089684385,0.00015449396,0.00047213014,0.00016700031,0.000014510883,0.00018650913,0.000080736085,0.0000048491315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040018465,0.00008886337,0.000020537647,0.00085545896,0.0004533748,0.00028798534,0.000024275121,0.00013380489,7.1857266e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007732141,0.000019739402,0.00036457198,0.000028651733,0.0000066110188,0.0000024852889,0.0009055955,0.0008919044,0.98202556,0.01437025,8.9612354e-7,0.001376018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006882697,0.0001969676,0.00055918354,0.00010330311,0.000007339485,0.000027655124,0.0008787364,0.00040352507,0.99671674,0.00025595006,0.000060449052,0.00010186055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000066861767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019945612,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014691216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036067133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042041083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36237434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173382502","doi":"10.1179/174329308x283910","title":"Material flow and intermixing during dissimilar friction stir welding","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir welding; Material flow; Welding; Metallurgy; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Mechanics","score_opus":0.0069114734184952085,"score_gpt":0.2133387409796461,"score_spread":0.2064272675611509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2173382502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97694534,0.00015536677,0.02157163,0.00013492322,0.00013044672,0.000058066416,0.0000012493334,0.00074537884,0.00025762158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9412828,0.00024666998,0.05841686,0.000005734452,0.000023463876,0.000006204511,2.4601175e-7,0.000013903515,0.0000041208573],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989666,0.0000055649894,0.00024004892,0.0002889275,0.00017288489,0.0003260227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999612,0.00002038274,0.00006122515,0.00018808199,0.00006138417,0.000056948273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032576674,0.00013310571,0.00021015877,0.0008118814,0.00051420066,0.000030089204,0.00019221929,0.00009127194,0.0000071541044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015219385,0.00013886885,0.000019951895,0.0010544976,0.0006680098,0.0005247001,0.00018604679,0.00017266051,4.274437e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075637986,0.000007781313,0.027543925,0.000060765007,0.00002133951,0.000031961863,0.0006177758,0.003067212,0.9416153,0.0009768023,0.0000127655085,0.026036816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021006359,0.00006165793,0.0040984736,0.00018675036,0.000019642976,0.00032748852,0.00063751556,0.03314811,0.9592948,0.0016590245,0.000098306824,0.00025815118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005056076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.572682e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03684523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056253415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013641744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5662908},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174126464","doi":"10.1179/174329307x213873","title":"Local melting and cracking in Al 7075-T6 and Al 2024-T3 friction stir spot welds","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Eutectic system; Materials science; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Welding; Cracking; Dissolution; Aluminium; Alloy; Composite material","score_opus":0.007445165051977401,"score_gpt":0.2589941992378507,"score_spread":0.2515490341858733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2174126464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8731177,0.0005582326,0.12503532,0.00045029967,0.000081371756,0.0000571101,3.145572e-7,0.0002917573,0.0004079351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9612823,0.00018432857,0.038461186,0.000046071185,0.000009906192,0.0000026371322,1.3567362e-7,0.000010576106,0.0000028580662],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988083,0.000005493329,0.00028394733,0.0003265279,0.00017967138,0.00039604673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996043,0.000074428375,0.00006495028,0.00014262073,0.000055804794,0.000057909332],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014576535,0.000127238,0.00020659396,0.0011287605,0.00022116909,0.000031571817,0.00013946056,0.00011664126,0.000002952007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002297921,0.00013589498,0.000013168778,0.001656611,0.00070698746,0.00040951016,0.00016664932,0.00031752881,2.4911031e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012220667,0.000016412707,0.22143441,0.000054751887,0.000022028302,0.00004498247,0.00065850024,0.003569899,0.27641433,0.011033795,0.000049075425,0.48668957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011425234,0.0003892085,0.048030537,0.0008999906,0.000065091575,0.0004447835,0.010392285,0.3541423,0.56288904,0.017946605,0.002597623,0.0010600033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034153487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033869648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4856296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066526554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014190719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55416363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174558545","doi":"10.1179/136217104225021562","title":"Improving vibration weld joint strength through process and equipment modifications","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Composite material; Perpendicular; Thermoplastic; Vibration; Joint (building); Butt welding; Glass fiber; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.018303729167728967,"score_gpt":0.2542999625345947,"score_spread":0.23599623336686573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2174558545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96097916,0.00018856746,0.037403107,0.0007605756,0.000049800266,0.000086688735,4.9801037e-7,0.00024242434,0.00028915747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96927655,0.000020198553,0.030668115,0.000012750667,0.0000053856575,0.000010810895,1.8201287e-7,0.0000053050753,7.3337077e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992926,0.000002078144,0.00017377226,0.00018957497,0.00015317295,0.00018877043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997113,0.000012136952,0.000043610562,0.00013204549,0.00006432975,0.00003658951],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022427888,0.00007388141,0.00010165629,0.00021562839,0.00020188441,0.0000368636,0.00013126351,0.000055097124,0.0000021921892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000105754334,0.00007279741,0.00000769312,0.0005781942,0.0003222692,0.00041860537,0.00006584027,0.000113397226,6.8506733e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.7309056e-7,0.000011229128,0.00046696898,0.000024399511,0.000002402163,6.915372e-7,0.0003617074,0.0007311174,0.9353312,0.045249518,5.860632e-7,0.01781939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018020853,0.000094683455,0.0005677301,0.000072628776,0.000008632549,0.000015420921,0.000774967,0.0076153255,0.9781146,0.012449551,0.000006424146,0.00009984383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000063793714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000123051,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042783365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030471421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035730747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2968592},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175206215","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538875","title":"Comparative study of small scale and ‘large scale’ resistance spot welding","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Finite element method; Composite material; Contact area; Contact resistance; Metallurgy; Upset welding; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Structural engineering; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.018591246551102003,"score_gpt":0.23781918587857115,"score_spread":0.21922793932746915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175206215","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99606645,0.0010150635,0.00071251113,0.00009793328,0.00005971976,0.00013609226,5.764905e-7,0.00016566942,0.0017459971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936093,0.0000436397,0.006300452,0.000005485975,0.000006583071,0.000005922152,5.7261055e-8,0.0000074080067,0.000021134494],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990096,0.0000108325185,0.00024712845,0.00025562724,0.0001798809,0.00029693366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954087,0.000039047147,0.000066192566,0.00019964135,0.00011148526,0.000042752232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055082643,0.000113674534,0.00027141027,0.00046514385,0.000249539,0.000024204872,0.0002537954,0.000054289798,0.0000027439514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048516893,0.000109318855,0.000010645209,0.0010818688,0.00081949314,0.00024690255,0.00017503063,0.00014908348,6.4057514e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033957876,0.000118750555,0.5418638,0.00007629045,0.000038115555,0.000011532861,0.014820564,0.00068566744,0.43601462,0.0011994737,0.000016367474,0.0051208446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021981038,0.0010788632,0.0749559,0.0007486137,0.00007394054,0.00012518335,0.10381612,0.030985769,0.78295195,0.0017143878,0.0005952871,0.00075589144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010009045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000106325366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46690792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023852479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017459852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44578937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175859338","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538532","title":"Methodology for development of welding procedures and empirical weld process models based on principal component analysis techniques","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; QUAD Engineering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Mechanical engineering; Joint (building); Materials science; Gas tungsten arc welding; Process (computing); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Structural engineering; Engineering drawing; Computer science; Arc welding; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.08007044047043232,"score_gpt":0.3549453129546904,"score_spread":0.27487487248425807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175859338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8040661,0.00013795377,0.19466758,0.0003587098,0.000015190393,0.00015011437,7.1201515e-7,0.0002973071,0.00030634282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7783746,0.000028476303,0.2215368,0.000018588207,0.0000046268183,0.000029605746,2.2647754e-7,0.0000062905697,7.8790464e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989337,0.000010913328,0.0003029608,0.00027608426,0.00018984667,0.00028649747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994748,0.00012547264,0.00008132006,0.00013622394,0.00013111823,0.000051012255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010407594,0.00012211298,0.0002847202,0.0011259652,0.00022035613,0.00001712728,0.00021874064,0.00010821658,0.0000017472452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002539311,0.00010586654,0.000027630733,0.0015042721,0.0004922874,0.00013812546,0.00006960303,0.00010616148,2.8744257e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023113172,0.00031301694,0.2759488,0.0012539153,0.00039093563,0.000014440553,0.004019352,0.12822272,0.33073017,0.026976427,0.000036310386,0.2318628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016687422,0.00018341497,0.0027220394,0.00014401658,0.000043552525,0.000012650222,0.0004508386,0.064653985,0.9268869,0.004484526,0.00009072275,0.00016045399],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037537034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005302274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5961568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025085008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069804206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4317112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177638971","doi":"10.1179/174329308x349520","title":"Cracking in dissimilar Mg alloy friction stir spot welds","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Spot welding; Eutectic system; Friction stir welding; Metallurgy; Welding; Cracking; Microstructure; Heat-affected zone; Composite material","score_opus":0.012273503702018766,"score_gpt":0.24204872729250385,"score_spread":0.22977522359048508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2177638971","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767011,0.00022021511,0.021198282,0.00034963287,0.00006696398,0.000056724526,3.8760024e-7,0.0006122645,0.000794473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96315,0.0002617644,0.03654142,0.00001427563,0.000009795918,0.0000066386306,1.7223444e-7,0.000010696359,0.0000051856273],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989665,0.000005344032,0.00024377472,0.00025488032,0.00020192543,0.00032754094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959475,0.000029965546,0.000054238153,0.00021613823,0.00006468059,0.000040254126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004903619,0.00010918703,0.00019224786,0.0011398562,0.00023846234,0.000011946253,0.00025504967,0.000104521765,0.0000060863617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023198259,0.00011569928,0.000021554377,0.0024575545,0.0005543133,0.0004238775,0.00010093614,0.00023798538,9.705802e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005627571,0.000030365454,0.25043577,0.000037710684,0.000019083629,0.00006495192,0.0008783933,0.021470068,0.66508144,0.008554553,0.00006360061,0.053358436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005522616,0.00018349147,0.032171793,0.00037980016,0.000028584993,0.00024391346,0.0017781686,0.15166502,0.7985646,0.012670501,0.001102308,0.0006595658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013159968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005822493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21826398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007425051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023654353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47180796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178240728","doi":"10.1179/174329306x120895","title":"Expulsion monitoring in spot welded advanced high strength automotive steels","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Welding; Galvanization; Electrode; Dual-phase steel; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy; Displacement (psychology); Composite material; Microstructure; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.0050259725358942275,"score_gpt":0.2296870196471693,"score_spread":0.22466104711127508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178240728","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99204385,0.00021450422,0.006232295,0.00013194486,0.00010656593,0.000086728425,8.3963147e-7,0.00068858964,0.00049467786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92734826,0.0000644601,0.072537236,0.000002779969,0.000015595959,0.000011403213,3.0151068e-7,0.000012687559,0.000007278738],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987544,0.000006891406,0.00030457674,0.00031222161,0.00022920249,0.00039274298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994957,0.000045928988,0.000077315424,0.00023971823,0.0001072854,0.000034047305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043815785,0.00014020827,0.00024282321,0.0011786398,0.00014407122,0.000020607018,0.00028433907,0.00010137308,0.000004308968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017811815,0.000148063,0.000021211876,0.0023743273,0.0003947818,0.0004681832,0.0001209497,0.000226499,0.000001012392],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000063289976,0.000034019602,0.07476825,0.000033444525,0.000010051206,0.00002230306,0.00019876646,0.043192737,0.7506745,0.010766474,0.0000081002,0.120285064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028303047,0.000063755346,0.009983366,0.00022432087,0.000007811308,0.000008693222,0.0008591888,0.006272862,0.9717915,0.010265525,0.000047009784,0.00019295418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003890838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006657091,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22111702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001155602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019648865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60378337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179682555","doi":"10.1179/136217109x12489665059384","title":"Influence of tool design on mechanical properties of AZ31 friction stir spot welds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir processing; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Microstructure; Welding; Engineering","score_opus":0.013092077796919819,"score_gpt":0.22931293271603323,"score_spread":0.21622085491911341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2179682555","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97277427,0.00003535554,0.026651558,0.00009497159,0.000041506995,0.000083852465,4.4557132e-7,0.0002466067,0.00007140687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.944047,0.000030410096,0.055897165,0.000005312026,0.000004654153,0.000006923974,3.3752407e-8,0.000007185147,0.0000013678892],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999109,0.0000063664015,0.0002811046,0.00018869127,0.00022267953,0.00019214055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940073,0.000038172748,0.0001037142,0.0002655984,0.00016719979,0.000024593048],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007372143,0.00009264284,0.0002077434,0.00064118183,0.00009055046,0.0000065967733,0.00029582312,0.00012266722,0.000002547389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006240002,0.00008345105,0.000022191614,0.0012238781,0.0006779519,0.0002508594,0.0000830032,0.00024759752,4.0751567e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005503436,0.00000837673,0.00081939745,0.000021888332,0.0000065079107,5.270895e-7,0.0000682328,0.016849283,0.96444434,0.010228065,0.0000017407813,0.007546168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000070308524,0.00015216389,0.00039771185,0.000121726494,0.000011373805,0.000007406371,0.00012865204,0.014826601,0.9809252,0.0032652463,0.000011846818,0.00008176907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008818048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012560539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029245608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017939949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031299456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3403035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336160204","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2015.1132127","title":"Distortion and residual stresses in electron beam-welded hydroelectric turbine materials","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Electron beam welding; Butt joint; Composite material; Joint (building); Beam (structure); Turbine; Metallurgy; Cathode ray; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electron; Engineering","score_opus":0.005174318100223652,"score_gpt":0.21367819642624614,"score_spread":0.2085038783260225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2336160204","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99769706,0.0008980453,0.0002497428,0.0006058627,0.000048959908,0.000070767106,0.0000015968062,0.0002765194,0.00015144695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984775,0.00068650336,0.0007938978,0.0000048677352,0.00001420649,0.000007499841,2.1293636e-7,0.000007618909,0.000007649146],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916595,0.0000064207416,0.00019172173,0.00020537517,0.00012920526,0.00030132054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973,0.000046090063,0.00004315565,0.00011488793,0.000035173496,0.0000306792],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038350796,0.000093696704,0.00015470514,0.0006200008,0.000096034775,0.000022227028,0.00014380187,0.000086446395,0.0000047305066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024881266,0.00006913317,0.000005799721,0.0007711186,0.00042520132,0.00023307171,0.000069299625,0.00007777957,4.814974e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051666243,0.0000064019464,0.009961078,0.000022271795,0.0000031026061,0.0000032089695,0.000036573587,0.000015411802,0.9717329,0.0011218451,0.00004265991,0.01704934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014132979,0.00012386452,0.007142575,0.00018374722,0.0000038385356,0.000018530674,0.000037484224,0.000019592053,0.98939615,0.002769091,0.000066666864,0.000097124444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001707594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009670088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017663216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004025756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021454693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2819169},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2374838608","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1169363","title":"Evaluation of a temperature measurement method developed for laser metal deposition","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Swedish National Space Agency; GKN Aerospace Services; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Thermocouple; Overheating (electricity); Materials science; Laser; Temperature measurement; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Pulsed laser deposition; Optics; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.043426965677820666,"score_gpt":0.28975754250780067,"score_spread":0.24633057682998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2374838608","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95753366,0.00017921916,0.041711953,0.00018727114,0.00008058934,0.00010581681,0.0000031561792,0.000058576043,0.00013973728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720151,0.0000095264,0.027939498,0.0000037882164,0.000007720746,0.000019699482,1.4114985e-7,0.0000036550102,8.953695e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993749,0.000011023499,0.00011898771,0.000109053464,0.00027915748,0.00010685832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930316,0.000029175737,0.00004228605,0.000058169295,0.0005546654,0.000012558071],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025893492,0.000050374198,0.00009493813,0.00018892915,0.0000766437,0.000008140743,0.000072540715,0.000041073064,0.000006194559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006082552,0.000035239736,0.000008623261,0.00023606494,0.00013443409,0.00015759381,0.000020445043,0.000021131484,1.8243234e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000024636463,0.0000023703462,0.00007259971,0.000028469467,0.000010202626,5.27197e-8,0.000047643094,0.000076809054,0.88580066,0.00045830777,0.0000043596333,0.11349605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002192617,0.0000427955,0.0006328986,0.00011065931,0.000028044407,0.0000036509434,0.00009903746,0.00044866567,0.99478585,0.0035416486,0.000038279162,0.000049242164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.7927543e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015291465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11344681,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031429787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006328292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14370348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2407188189","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1180844","title":"Electrode life of aluminium resistance spot welding in automotive applications: a survey","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PROTO Manufacturing (Canada)","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Spot welding; Materials science; Electrode; Welding; Aluminium; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy; Electrical contacts; Contact resistance; Composite material; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.009037010493388195,"score_gpt":0.2439830567267762,"score_spread":0.234946046233388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2407188189","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8816992,0.00050658133,0.1163047,0.0004474219,0.000022873268,0.00013314912,0.0000035096227,0.0003426964,0.0005398596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679613,0.0002233244,0.03175297,0.00000925492,0.000005479396,0.000028011293,1.7703314e-7,0.000010730835,0.000008717939],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880594,0.000015231185,0.00035183362,0.0002992791,0.00019458575,0.00033312678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991613,0.0001620469,0.000121271296,0.00030573676,0.00020491262,0.000044726054],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014047449,0.00010892012,0.00026124253,0.0010528701,0.00008633302,0.000008003807,0.00037175344,0.00008967157,0.0000037787613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010943984,0.00009678153,0.000020531714,0.003015953,0.00076729245,0.0002831496,0.000096383395,0.00012957345,7.323656e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016046497,0.000027830582,0.115588136,0.000060926937,0.0000277182,0.0000025040322,0.00018921959,0.0006394649,0.8282054,0.024163377,0.000046274334,0.031033102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002518948,0.000054114942,0.011983235,0.00028623795,0.000010037529,0.000004255088,0.0002682883,0.0012341928,0.9750112,0.01050699,0.00018877591,0.00020076016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014657395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043620483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14680581,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000831366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006190496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3946636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2428420917","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1194735","title":"Fatigue life assessment of weld joints manufactured by GMAW and CW-GMAW processes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Heat-affected zone","score_opus":0.011217201525801166,"score_gpt":0.25630739752631393,"score_spread":0.24509019600051277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2428420917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98950136,0.0009980096,0.0066765137,0.0012978953,0.00006248254,0.000097214615,0.0000059248314,0.00031386295,0.0010467229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99072045,0.00065916334,0.008568656,0.000016605334,0.000008073026,0.000007788561,1.8498282e-7,0.0000092532755,0.0000098169985],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903345,0.000005524512,0.0002370016,0.00024143093,0.00021574344,0.0002668728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949944,0.0000712779,0.00008717294,0.00016953975,0.00010506667,0.00006751991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003625033,0.0001217252,0.00021752041,0.00034770995,0.00013761512,0.000022736409,0.00023983163,0.000111337715,0.000010704578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033092318,0.000085516025,0.000012249215,0.0005796618,0.0009246499,0.00024938336,0.00013201695,0.00010570359,1.9730456e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000054818634,0.000036713,0.08067119,0.000411238,0.0000398621,0.000003957721,0.00019248477,0.00007701758,0.8523079,0.004224167,0.0010854064,0.060944553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021087154,0.00012887201,0.00436538,0.0003765386,0.000009447629,0.000011975967,0.00024332808,0.00011852879,0.99170053,0.0021436329,0.0005490872,0.00014182068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012437058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028863178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13939258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018173765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066095665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34872425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2484347493","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1212971","title":"Microstructure and fatigue properties of linear friction welded TC4 titanium alloy joints","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Titanium alloy; Cyclic stress; Joint (building); Microstructure; Metallurgy; Composite material; Softening; Deformation (meteorology); Alloy; Base metal; Hysteresis; Fatigue limit; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.014763571462324203,"score_gpt":0.23153220709152916,"score_spread":0.21676863562920495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2484347493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98063576,0.0003905665,0.018077504,0.00040331986,0.00005068227,0.000060522147,0.0000011969407,0.0002738967,0.00010657325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96437085,0.00020172662,0.035395674,0.000006346416,0.000007493205,0.000003191173,5.412134e-8,0.0000080845275,0.000006596769],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992843,0.0000043393175,0.00020256444,0.00019154426,0.00012872778,0.00018850382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960065,0.000013923816,0.00007016841,0.00017115226,0.000114774004,0.000029357834],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028068956,0.00009098362,0.00017904058,0.00047678046,0.0001231249,0.000008495377,0.0001531276,0.00009071934,0.0000034785423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019942028,0.00006630841,0.000016158401,0.00069444306,0.00074622553,0.00027416047,0.00009701338,0.000088086425,3.1059167e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002012916,0.0000020906489,0.0056276806,0.00002293245,0.000008648524,5.038536e-7,0.00009727502,0.00007009075,0.97935766,0.0013347749,0.000006169415,0.013470167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011582345,0.000052086543,0.0006747894,0.00019400853,0.00001087995,0.000017992556,0.00026054692,0.0017953996,0.9951082,0.0015782944,0.000100875535,0.000091136826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006135295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000202124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01731817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025138517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000152107805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2749499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2495756689","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1211583","title":"Bonding mechanism and interface characterisation during dissimilar friction stir welding of an aluminium/polymer bi-material joint","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir welding; Welding; Joint (building); Aluminium; Mechanism (biology); Metallurgy; Composite material; Friction welding; Interface (matter); Polymer; Structural engineering; Wetting","score_opus":0.008207694455671759,"score_gpt":0.2307257628505711,"score_spread":0.22251806839489932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2495756689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9615143,0.000069930975,0.03749675,0.00022491245,0.00014389522,0.00008183495,0.000003941039,0.00042250217,0.00004196792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882456,0.00009928317,0.011597938,0.000003310531,0.00002160061,0.000008437845,3.423373e-7,0.000018103206,0.000005394165],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998779,0.000011999208,0.000367382,0.00033453992,0.00020086436,0.0003062332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994243,0.00002414853,0.00016951101,0.00023985017,0.0000791816,0.000063003135],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006027924,0.00015188805,0.00026969923,0.0009890898,0.00022408091,0.000030165053,0.00018566722,0.00011784976,0.000011391151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014338014,0.00013168066,0.00002272105,0.00074891484,0.0004526307,0.0009247528,0.00016972287,0.00010461119,2.9969416e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006322068,0.000005800832,0.0014459922,0.000030720606,0.000010843561,0.0000013407172,0.0002284724,0.000035951878,0.9836818,0.004552868,5.618402e-7,0.009999328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017466524,0.00009955253,0.0012603657,0.00026386615,0.000019519293,0.00003209162,0.0005858871,0.0022160274,0.9917955,0.0033913115,0.000007879761,0.00015336386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007614789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011430461,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026731322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006862804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001371354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5369781},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2498044997","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1209625","title":"Induction diffusion brazing of copper to aluminium","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"State Grid Corporation of China","keywords":"Brazing; Materials science; Aluminium; Copper; Intermetallic; Metallurgy; Welding; Diffusion bonding; Joint (building); Composite material; Oxide; Ultimate tensile strength; Diffusion; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.007743278662320103,"score_gpt":0.23915196979362605,"score_spread":0.23140869113130594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2498044997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94424194,0.000055840726,0.05422346,0.0006471447,0.00006853485,0.000049132053,4.9645735e-7,0.00028694083,0.0004265281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9618396,0.00004653369,0.038079105,0.000010631726,0.000007733714,0.0000038864177,3.158803e-8,0.000006886062,0.000005599139],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992698,0.0000031708335,0.0001867141,0.00018006045,0.00016013515,0.00020013655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958724,0.000027282023,0.000050866147,0.00019398669,0.000102168175,0.000038466995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004106422,0.000069949005,0.00014485857,0.0008238168,0.00008956326,0.0000055993705,0.00019367799,0.0000653448,0.0000046691443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027961677,0.000055753306,0.000015645286,0.0014251394,0.00042954314,0.00025247075,0.00012437382,0.00006456413,0.000001196745],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011868627,0.0000029774283,0.009308561,0.000006222338,0.0000032941114,3.3404086e-7,0.00006916865,0.00009515399,0.89696133,0.0027987775,0.000020681706,0.09073231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008883925,0.00007096358,0.001470298,0.00016315772,0.000006641515,0.000008695813,0.00027186668,0.00062227837,0.9947125,0.002263574,0.00023423208,0.00008695463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004490579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012171641,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09775117,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003843345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013622889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22735539},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549382401","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1232674","title":"Modified WIC test: an efficient and effective tool for evaluating pipeline girth weldability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Weldability; Welding; Materials science; Pipeline (software); Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.02367301251534781,"score_gpt":0.32430723496602204,"score_spread":0.3006342224506742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2549382401","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.987971,0.000070638285,0.010868418,0.000386371,0.00013154333,0.00042098635,0.0000066454786,0.00010490943,0.000039488194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873198,0.000004334508,0.012560968,0.00002321642,0.000012865605,0.000060370152,1.434946e-7,0.0000057346633,0.000012551532],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846786,0.00003758357,0.000293533,0.00052823796,0.00032045698,0.00035229963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892753,0.00033123264,0.00014460424,0.00027072863,0.00026468578,0.000061196784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005057007,0.00011346855,0.00020872512,0.00026654245,0.00049417606,0.0000441191,0.0002724935,0.00006890476,0.000020456144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002793859,0.00007915769,0.000019720072,0.00048560012,0.0015217385,0.00028364325,0.00019227371,0.000055741984,0.0000017774239],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000128456795,0.000036990725,0.02262813,0.000010070367,5.013873e-7,3.2693308e-7,0.00010848978,0.000017715789,0.8816471,0.0017945202,0.0000012072863,0.093742065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006352577,0.0006222421,0.0032884437,0.00008818628,0.000020270629,0.000011250498,0.0003053435,0.004246977,0.98739225,0.0032420289,0.000010087339,0.00013766708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000035895869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010152322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10574511,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029810608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066809815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5606909},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555447969","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1251714","title":"Influence of hard inclusions on microstructural characteristics and textural components during dissimilar friction-stir welding of an PM Al–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –SiC hybrid nanocomposite with AA1050 alloy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nanocomposite; Microstructure; Welding; Composite material; Friction stir welding; Texture (cosmology); Microscale chemistry; Friction stir processing; Composite number; Grain size; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.005956550855177051,"score_gpt":0.19344111390522806,"score_spread":0.187484563050051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2555447969","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99902433,0.00009390716,0.00009360704,0.00028597793,0.00009768302,0.00017442905,0.000021168324,0.0001998229,0.000009056486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978858,0.000105030864,0.0019300303,0.00002994482,0.000012776203,0.0000072612543,0.0000019653094,0.000026667332,5.2845695e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982186,0.00001993482,0.00047434145,0.0004479206,0.00037131115,0.00046789544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990317,0.00007722362,0.00024176741,0.00033419524,0.00020108356,0.00011398319],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031372425,0.00027069435,0.00041004608,0.00067391136,0.00051160797,0.00003832812,0.00040397365,0.0000917471,6.296684e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000116884825,0.00021000233,0.00003056319,0.0006222626,0.0016482585,0.0007831976,0.00038744218,0.00025399897,8.0242535e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005122487,0.000017846665,0.040886,0.000058752816,0.00002738792,0.000011222412,0.00029819782,0.000837069,0.9497721,0.00006515009,0.0000017339668,0.007973272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042082992,0.00022841441,0.16137673,0.0007209184,0.000020365413,0.00017118231,0.00011113844,0.0014913464,0.83518595,0.000045726683,0.0000062409026,0.00022115551],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006661561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028319128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12049074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000078113866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038819908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85636467},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2572829223","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1278831","title":"Large anomalous features in the microstructure of chromium carbide weld overlays","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Welding Society Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Carbide; Auger electron spectroscopy; Electron backscatter diffraction; Orthorhombic crystal system; Spectroscopy; Chromium carbide; Chromium; Metallurgy; Phase (matter); Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; Welding; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Diffraction; Scanning electron microscope; Composite material; Optics; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007170477222976261,"score_gpt":0.22615608867180617,"score_spread":0.21898561144882991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2572829223","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99645025,0.0006802138,0.00004709129,0.00029256952,0.00029757546,0.000050322287,0.0000025563695,0.00003790854,0.0021415066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988928,0.000030428579,0.0010279651,0.00002323199,0.000010191038,0.0000015110588,1.02460575e-7,0.000003768396,0.0000100419875],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940425,0.0000045269744,0.00012309695,0.00012584552,0.00013316664,0.00020911513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995658,0.000011757903,0.000064785985,0.000309653,0.00003284202,0.0000151886],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065633754,0.00006775557,0.00013412288,0.00020546502,0.00023401041,0.000030196925,0.0005311556,0.00008146754,0.0000032411383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023379838,0.000049954262,0.000015312982,0.0003020213,0.00040353867,0.00015484936,0.00011627134,0.00019036603,3.3998558e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026406478,0.000008062965,0.017933907,0.00004385782,0.0000070626356,0.000010215441,0.0012900557,0.000019624616,0.92410064,0.052238528,0.000078155404,0.004267244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000557645,0.00012489062,0.08679787,0.00017305893,0.000015588026,0.00014508105,0.0041043586,0.003112382,0.8878801,0.015901066,0.0009672571,0.00022068172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017554872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016845013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.068863966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007856304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019477759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20370758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589472906","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1288889","title":"Pulse profile and metal transfer in pulsed gas metal arc welding: droplet formation, detachment and velocity","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Current (fluid); Dimensionless quantity; Mass transfer; Pulse (music); Mechanics; Arc (geometry); Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Optics; Arc welding; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.013890619551362634,"score_gpt":0.24693027842441123,"score_spread":0.2330396588730486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589472906","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961897,0.00053349265,0.0012410278,0.0008088103,0.00005001038,0.00014753101,0.0000023948403,0.00015945293,0.0008675679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949315,0.00032062494,0.004704852,0.000008279688,0.000007577244,0.000015458863,3.590444e-7,0.0000071853474,0.0000041491653],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990842,0.00000710164,0.00021615847,0.0002310798,0.00016494862,0.00029651076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996396,0.000021702856,0.000042544292,0.00019344011,0.000047662914,0.000055088676],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006718884,0.00012262266,0.00021272796,0.0004157661,0.00045812558,0.000094629344,0.00023719585,0.00009697525,0.0000062416175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016573838,0.00010882586,0.000014517662,0.00027906327,0.00089009036,0.0006303706,0.00014489004,0.00017980236,2.779458e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029505158,0.000074821226,0.13114773,0.00046217005,0.000069331356,0.0000464858,0.0021895573,0.00022566319,0.58120906,0.016288932,0.00005782172,0.26819894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047730576,0.0001320863,0.020046962,0.00016380205,0.00002223372,0.000081825834,0.0005861289,0.006188729,0.96845126,0.0034288154,0.00019880058,0.00022206055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039202438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024947702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38724223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022171154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018450826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44377896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2599462877","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1306014","title":"Residual stresses in cold-wire gas metal arc welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Base metal; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Composite material; Arc (geometry); Gas tungsten arc welding; Manganese; Heat-affected zone; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.014375375849990343,"score_gpt":0.25751385405528704,"score_spread":0.2431384782052967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2599462877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935814,0.000711252,0.00014289333,0.0010330172,0.00014571483,0.00008921455,0.0000019185288,0.0003742946,0.003920298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937611,0.00030834397,0.005864392,0.000008109349,0.000026057312,0.000008886471,1.3579134e-7,0.000012161387,0.000010814574],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987882,0.000006790477,0.00024230589,0.00028760027,0.0002459661,0.00042917745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993327,0.00004698424,0.00009461753,0.00039713204,0.00007319335,0.000055325258],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006826191,0.00013806166,0.00023565064,0.0006770412,0.0005746466,0.00011796086,0.00067597674,0.0001269515,0.000007663953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005807214,0.00013005736,0.000019736395,0.000534702,0.0012336189,0.0005087321,0.00030923338,0.0002547252,0.0000010489725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001344502,0.000055682613,0.2749376,0.00019646013,0.000042123567,0.00012230875,0.00053841906,0.0016581878,0.5979934,0.037842046,0.00036038077,0.08623994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023341837,0.00008284625,0.009245068,0.00034625476,0.000009126952,0.000026311302,0.00061806635,0.0005773157,0.9840662,0.00410088,0.0004941103,0.00020039355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000070506205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041586223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3860728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033772703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045382207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53035855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751239540","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1370193","title":"Review of research progress on aluminium–magnesium dissimilar friction stir welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"Friction stir welding; Aluminium; Magnesium; Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Friction welding; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.040048763432360295,"score_gpt":0.376645477950374,"score_spread":0.3365967145180137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2751239540","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9722402,0.011452384,0.0045174723,0.004327323,0.0002561264,0.0004250122,0.0000030534227,0.00084015704,0.005938263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794225,0.0033151468,0.017185457,0.000016908833,0.000018211083,0.00002134598,2.1758787e-7,0.000013098956,0.000007132911],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985001,0.000016195747,0.00031437576,0.0003263553,0.00045078952,0.0003921911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998634,0.00006264044,0.0001734608,0.0007235357,0.00035019728,0.000056161614],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025678845,0.000119959775,0.00028983486,0.0009903385,0.0007136801,0.000040972245,0.00074608065,0.00010060239,0.0000072185085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013855703,0.000114093724,0.00003516757,0.0013775727,0.0019929833,0.00043363372,0.0002762697,0.00033426372,0.0000011163388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027948963,0.00013371004,0.09396742,0.007956861,0.000084378706,0.000042097752,0.0005177827,0.0008034026,0.27424705,0.06281867,0.001060249,0.55834043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027717926,0.0004997328,0.003749076,0.012023923,0.000058943617,0.000032822307,0.0007078455,0.0080116745,0.9640557,0.008216318,0.0019789229,0.00038784658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065968666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.443526e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68980867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058940037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037554197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.734323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2778728247","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1414022","title":"Role of interfacial reaction on the mechanical performance of Al/steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Welding; Metallurgy; Clamping; Intermetallic; FEAL; Brazing; Spot welding; Substrate (aquarium); Composite material; Layer (electronics); Alloy","score_opus":0.012432618929857435,"score_gpt":0.25240567912548256,"score_spread":0.23997306019562512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2778728247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99606514,0.000032492564,0.0022055723,0.0005455699,0.00007201966,0.000056501955,0.0000011283273,0.00012702926,0.00089455117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953848,0.00010086732,0.0044859005,0.000006896646,0.000007514613,0.000004595152,1.0420923e-7,0.00000654108,0.000002774315],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923366,0.00000551479,0.00022726243,0.00016849022,0.00020284703,0.00016225046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992421,0.000028869437,0.0001944025,0.00041844117,0.000096452546,0.000019696012],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067039183,0.0000831464,0.00017485315,0.00033455403,0.0003026676,0.000011929742,0.00041279814,0.00008484802,0.0000032617802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037024604,0.00006654435,0.00002811507,0.00040555306,0.0005909517,0.0003014379,0.00013179972,0.00020223885,3.666253e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001054386,0.00000886702,0.0031701983,0.000011704329,0.000010070662,2.2658135e-7,0.00009301904,0.00051650486,0.9504446,0.009426466,0.00000709566,0.036300704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006786626,0.0001737189,0.0035736596,0.00014523657,0.000014008542,0.0000049021382,0.00038730484,0.035737094,0.9573627,0.0023332904,0.00013091433,0.000069293754],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001053564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025638396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03623141,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033149245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000130145645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27135998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789944570","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2018.1450704","title":"Strain localisation and failure of dissimilar magnesium-based alloy friction stir welds","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Magnesium alloy; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Deformation (meteorology); Alloy; Magnesium; Composite material","score_opus":0.007107156350269579,"score_gpt":0.2318989689364321,"score_spread":0.22479181258616254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789944570","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84562314,0.000070505186,0.1532207,0.00055206666,0.000033520926,0.000055146516,0.000002081923,0.00029454555,0.00014828706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92868596,0.000012718716,0.0712673,0.000011897981,0.000010141759,0.000003301464,4.1218541e-7,0.000006869577,0.0000013779212],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927574,0.000005750592,0.00018835717,0.00019333456,0.00015753195,0.00017930291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995747,0.000023245337,0.000069263755,0.00016981472,0.00012976472,0.00003320917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046420333,0.00008583202,0.00014461047,0.0006010291,0.00014556586,0.000013002983,0.00014289611,0.00009553458,0.000007613824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001505065,0.00008625959,0.0000138293235,0.0011904427,0.0010689526,0.00024685214,0.000048862297,0.00009857338,2.2101196e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003921497,0.000009065341,0.016769744,0.000057612713,0.00000846995,0.0000011975912,0.00020879116,0.0021487141,0.93114215,0.0066849445,0.000020876625,0.04294451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019739069,0.0002458919,0.0027267674,0.00009107692,0.000030045356,0.000009078369,0.0008834706,0.1259017,0.8639904,0.005591018,0.00017261205,0.000160521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073000656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000076272204,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12375299,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025297835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002125216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792866308","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2018.1425182","title":"Laser welding/brazing of 5182 aluminium alloy to ZEK100 magnesium alloy using a nickel interlayer","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Welding; Alloy; Nickel; Aluminium; Joint (building); 6063 aluminium alloy; Filler metal; 5052 aluminium alloy; Magnesium alloy; Composite material; Arc welding","score_opus":0.01339110232510289,"score_gpt":0.27100041542978903,"score_spread":0.25760931310468616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792866308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9499506,0.00008944865,0.04789607,0.00029605726,0.00019492375,0.00012487792,0.0000016420026,0.000525496,0.0009209233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82415414,0.0000124828075,0.17570008,0.000054349082,0.000032150987,0.000006275417,1.5203437e-7,0.000025027028,0.000015354426],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981538,0.000010995379,0.0004748676,0.000457708,0.00033827894,0.0005643403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989008,0.000049575057,0.0001407006,0.0004693216,0.00033296453,0.000106691245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009874457,0.00021288516,0.00038634217,0.0016238092,0.00024016923,0.00003339835,0.00063395704,0.00015584099,0.000025836402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003654874,0.00022377426,0.00005393156,0.0029327332,0.0011836906,0.00046491422,0.00042108685,0.00022569162,0.000004788818],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000071384247,0.000015433949,0.0074004745,0.000040685987,0.00002465482,0.000005097473,0.00044298833,0.00283059,0.9742102,0.0013995414,0.000053083088,0.013570089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017018613,0.00023243828,0.00022260669,0.00020356038,0.00003944053,0.00003686192,0.0008996239,0.048911463,0.9476675,0.0009918701,0.00034956637,0.00027489787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002867755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011655148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12780401,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008846462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051990344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91252494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890926923","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2018.1518363","title":"Impact of liquid metal embrittlement cracks on resistance spot weld static strength","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; International Zinc Association","keywords":"Materials science; Liquid metal embrittlement; Embrittlement; Ultimate tensile strength; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Spot welding; Zinc; Grain boundary","score_opus":0.009444024699343755,"score_gpt":0.2851896720861592,"score_spread":0.27574564738681545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890926923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888747,0.00011924179,0.009018332,0.0001549259,0.00004569232,0.00007050327,0.0000042825277,0.00028058336,0.0014317669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9602975,0.00005081878,0.039606128,0.000008229834,0.000011424435,0.0000045977363,2.6039766e-7,0.000010882513,0.000010130052],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884784,0.000007180047,0.00029683005,0.00025497325,0.0002665917,0.00032660385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992781,0.000049183738,0.00011418338,0.0003370623,0.00017223434,0.00004919071],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005843502,0.0001291401,0.00025260757,0.0008048482,0.00014451043,0.000012089919,0.00031659813,0.00006347766,0.000023928822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003090667,0.00011867895,0.000045352994,0.0016062959,0.001048059,0.00021574773,0.00009256282,0.00014736861,0.0000014567555],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000840696,0.000082305305,0.010232349,0.00008910776,0.00017044142,0.000010382541,0.00062332855,0.0027535555,0.9240028,0.026961332,0.00024309623,0.03474722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021163646,0.0011284592,0.0012800643,0.00022885959,0.000033914715,0.0000063590155,0.00038815264,0.004959193,0.9873859,0.0040296493,0.00014709175,0.0002006674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000108885615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000078616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06338314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008232082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004328538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48395872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2892014756","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2018.1518767","title":"Enhanced laser weldability of an aerospace superalloy by thermal treatment","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Weldability; Superalloy; Welding; Metallurgy; Alloy; Inconel; Microstructure; Grain boundary; Composite material","score_opus":0.006705450129845825,"score_gpt":0.22628046562972884,"score_spread":0.219575015499883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2892014756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99849397,0.00006819531,0.0004729166,0.000081866325,0.00007461622,0.000044632576,0.0000044679955,0.000122065125,0.00063726556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99840134,0.000017574508,0.0015448723,0.000005462834,0.000014284029,0.00000391923,3.4668693e-7,0.000004844725,0.000007366931],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994724,0.0000049425885,0.0001133766,0.00015634832,0.00008212466,0.00017085436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997182,0.00001682389,0.000029776262,0.00013308677,0.000073903124,0.000028221042],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021633688,0.0000747293,0.00012869824,0.00009837231,0.000109286775,0.000012800501,0.00012851047,0.000046103913,0.000036054862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005186987,0.00006114307,0.000008267898,0.00023907582,0.00093798904,0.00020445196,0.00003381571,0.000032675925,0.0000010170842],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000047093536,0.0000134900765,0.00094819255,0.000014581163,0.000004746154,2.3250831e-7,0.00026951794,0.000047704212,0.9808045,0.00020384138,0.00000404114,0.01768446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012063506,0.00032533047,0.0015982367,0.000018668658,0.0000035099492,0.0000016252459,0.0002648709,0.00019850608,0.9970014,0.00028133293,0.00012335,0.00006250102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015890446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046783225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017621959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014015023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021306912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34560597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912414919","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1573011","title":"Suppression of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of TRIP steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"International Zinc Association; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Liquid metal embrittlement; Materials science; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Spot welding; Welding; Coating; Galvannealed; Galvanization; Zinc; Corrosion; Embrittlement; Cracking; Composite material; Microstructure; Layer (electronics); Grain boundary","score_opus":0.00724131285301933,"score_gpt":0.24110410918429453,"score_spread":0.2338627963312752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912414919","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99465,0.0005522202,0.003302798,0.000112304435,0.00006518925,0.00011558213,0.0000017901895,0.00012110498,0.0010789966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96141356,0.00010405433,0.038448058,0.0000032395662,0.0000029778328,0.0000046998957,2.1233227e-7,0.0000090116955,0.00001417078],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987494,0.000009627877,0.0004438098,0.00024871595,0.00027732295,0.00027113096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993471,0.000053947544,0.00015850486,0.0003104724,0.000102657104,0.000027297985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009852245,0.000106891064,0.00035360552,0.0011091214,0.000045527388,0.000005108915,0.000346723,0.000086649496,0.000013340924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020047594,0.00010776607,0.000035528745,0.0019002252,0.00041137365,0.00028478252,0.000155806,0.0001604311,3.7833775e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019624942,0.0000141467435,0.011694534,0.00010413017,0.000011576147,0.0000017045004,0.00015954494,0.0037118667,0.975988,0.0058111115,0.0000064732867,0.0024772938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024761033,0.00012030453,0.0007842078,0.00042028408,0.000011954094,0.0000027650665,0.0007281425,0.002958374,0.9931844,0.0013320222,0.00010357696,0.00010635027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008497262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054455363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03514526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047763377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029255229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43945727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912420956","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1573010","title":"Tool eccentricity in friction stir welding: a comprehensive review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universiti Malaysia Pahang","keywords":"Eccentricity (behavior); Friction stir welding; Eccentric; Welding; Mechanism (biology); Mechanical engineering; Process (computing); Field (mathematics); Engineering; Computer science; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Physics; Political science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04045418282161687,"score_gpt":0.3262940449477717,"score_spread":0.2858398621261548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912420956","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00093863555,0.99475324,0.0028410698,0.00005949485,0.00013654043,0.0004981561,0.0000034313823,0.0004984714,0.0002709554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007238386,0.9840395,0.0086206095,0.000022018025,0.0000100523575,0.000038339254,0.0000013766276,0.000026057502,0.0000037045072],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99798846,0.000024673083,0.0007186715,0.0005128818,0.0002979662,0.00045737342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989449,0.000113745155,0.00027396955,0.00048841943,0.00013596729,0.00004301446],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007879218,0.00030694314,0.0014266634,0.002104104,0.000113416965,0.000022738377,0.00056225783,0.0002687702,0.0000073380793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038669095,0.0002916446,0.00011932333,0.0057511963,0.00038752833,0.00023304987,0.00025803468,0.0006101971,0.000004680072],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[4.039707e-7,0.000008787408,0.00015384535,0.014545364,0.00002983237,0.0000090874555,0.00001467603,0.0004988095,0.00008367294,0.0012085804,0.00005946345,0.9833875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032401818,0.00015976455,0.000028644448,0.13996884,0.0008691723,0.00027803794,0.00017942626,0.006057359,0.0011631472,0.0018428811,0.8477155,0.0014131913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060132047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.5632435e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9819743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024864115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010501786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2914498028","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1572300","title":"Microstructure, static and fatigue properties of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy using a modified tool","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Ford Motor Company","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Microstructure; Welding; Composite material; Alloy; Aluminium; Shear (geology); Failure mode and effects analysis; Penetration (warfare); Metallurgy; Fracture (geology); Grain size","score_opus":0.0211061100946272,"score_gpt":0.2435356604998329,"score_spread":0.2224295504052057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2914498028","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877468,0.00026918057,0.011348845,0.000067866386,0.000069131456,0.00014861778,0.0000018063126,0.00024752232,0.00010023362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9440262,0.00006372661,0.05587469,0.000009097062,0.000004585639,0.0000040448717,2.5551057e-7,0.00001274339,0.000004669189],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989502,0.000008277347,0.00030604756,0.00027626075,0.00019174592,0.000267489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944574,0.000022501641,0.00012357153,0.0002475302,0.00013049932,0.000030177089],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041894737,0.00013439952,0.00028076195,0.00069309794,0.00012642598,0.00002279209,0.00019222636,0.00010655264,0.0000033500196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015663891,0.00012513035,0.00002097504,0.0010743729,0.00058222306,0.00037602175,0.00012306412,0.0001621734,2.194562e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005610905,0.0000040091445,0.004938634,0.000090524416,0.000015319465,7.355855e-7,0.00025070182,0.008689464,0.9811772,0.0013924586,0.0000022360136,0.0034330892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020305284,0.000086090695,0.00051203487,0.00024206721,0.000027409018,0.000027019632,0.0009375328,0.12653202,0.86959815,0.0016506495,0.000016907974,0.0001670613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028370356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016281966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.117842555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039513376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032669843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5102668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2918385368","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1584455","title":"Dimensionless representation of the column characteristics and weld pool interactions for a DC argon arc","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Arc (geometry); Dimensionless quantity; Materials science; Mechanics; Plasma arc welding; Argon; Current (fluid); Gas tungsten arc welding; Electric arc; Welding; Thermodynamics; Arc welding; Atomic physics; Composite material; Geometry; Physics; Electrode; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011670250771944746,"score_gpt":0.2564535299599,"score_spread":0.24478327918795525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2918385368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99798965,0.00007063533,0.00086069276,0.00047075973,0.00015505741,0.00015063895,0.0000027644896,0.000081338505,0.000218443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695534,0.000053263248,0.0029500185,0.000008971189,0.000006699275,0.0000073372416,2.005686e-7,0.0000043382774,0.000013828628],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954784,0.0000034374514,0.00013554051,0.000117007396,0.000083683364,0.000112501104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996478,0.00006280562,0.00006402673,0.00013416099,0.00007655885,0.000014666697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017184654,0.000048419366,0.00010864258,0.0001386905,0.00011631521,0.000014649861,0.00011834125,0.000040810548,0.000001952953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016876592,0.00003791338,0.000013373831,0.00042011205,0.0003102225,0.000111988564,0.00008753942,0.00008000243,1.4121261e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008775237,0.000014008103,0.08294213,0.00011770496,0.000014346075,3.6933122e-7,0.00027499482,0.00027960222,0.8886706,0.006275508,0.00009599322,0.021305969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013039519,0.00006859025,0.018096516,0.00021630811,0.000010677379,0.0000152118255,0.0005912023,0.0040964023,0.97461826,0.0017854113,0.00030439047,0.000066646455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009688159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002482931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08594765,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000961951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013545332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15460628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923128756","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1595926","title":"Enhancement of mechanical and functional properties of welded NiTi by controlling nickel vapourisation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Shape Memory Alloy Transformations","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Pseudoelasticity; Nickel titanium; Austenite; Martensite; Metallurgy; Welding; Composite material; Shape-memory alloy; Microstructure","score_opus":0.01803916304897667,"score_gpt":0.2238557638227758,"score_spread":0.20581660077379912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923128756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949033,0.00019843895,0.004012266,0.00047770957,0.000094279225,0.00012701743,0.0000018011763,0.000023948276,0.0001612426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99770176,0.000016677115,0.0022441577,0.000017187762,0.000003122865,0.000005617849,2.1879183e-7,0.0000021796436,0.000009076841],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991662,0.000012227119,0.0002704561,0.00016389966,0.00024744554,0.00013979293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999528,0.00003817118,0.00014517209,0.00010005949,0.00016795457,0.000020626887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009476256,0.000055137934,0.00015830658,0.00021918339,0.0001110256,0.0000111268055,0.00011210603,0.00004639247,0.000040224397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017030339,0.00004716195,0.000010897204,0.0003145216,0.000693901,0.00033355237,0.000052559008,0.00005411715,0.0000019494837],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016289592,0.00001687716,0.0014050626,0.00003074675,0.0000030434485,4.7088957e-8,0.00019470912,0.000019212872,0.99231654,0.0050343736,0.0000022539514,0.00096086133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039070594,0.00015458967,0.00022633857,0.00009349909,0.000008140567,0.0000055462565,0.0012451193,0.0013312476,0.99564135,0.0008478251,0.000008571431,0.000047050256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009326734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.342601e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0041865488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011599445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006618463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25567073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2941588650","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1607487","title":"Influence of Ni interlayer width on interfacial reactions and mechanical properties in laser welding/brazing of Al/Mg lap joint","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Brazing; Welding; Joint (building); Microstructure; Metallurgy; Lap joint; Composite material; Porosity; Fracture (geology); Alloy; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.010935423049047823,"score_gpt":0.23421228493740998,"score_spread":0.22327686188836215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2941588650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99816644,0.000069041555,0.001005048,0.000237277,0.000046217578,0.00010178841,7.5238466e-7,0.00013889871,0.00023454952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99222195,0.000064435066,0.0076732114,0.000017935172,0.0000025729435,0.0000059199856,6.248621e-8,0.0000096985705,0.0000041894496],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892795,0.000009034316,0.0003984286,0.00025643443,0.00018544112,0.00022272345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994779,0.000037604863,0.00012523425,0.00022611888,0.000103876555,0.000029243789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006229575,0.000114751354,0.0003056921,0.0010219264,0.000051998075,0.0000091939755,0.00021485708,0.00009285134,0.0000039173974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038574802,0.00010624582,0.000023182616,0.0010195267,0.00061478355,0.00034779735,0.00018515594,0.00026176614,6.3407066e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010563542,0.00001715337,0.013395054,0.000065605826,0.000012437118,0.0000011301468,0.00029727165,0.011972954,0.965397,0.0033525936,0.0000024664887,0.0054757595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017376186,0.00019968768,0.0016575669,0.00076583546,0.000008383613,0.000010409951,0.00074729475,0.009892405,0.98414147,0.0022535915,0.000032346637,0.000117265416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032348533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009340239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01874444,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004487847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021628473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43325785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963739615","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1641962","title":"Enhanced mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steels resistance spot welds enabled by <i>in situ</i> rapid tempering","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Tempering; Martensite; Spot welding; Weldability; Microstructure; Martensitic stainless steel; Welding; Brittleness; Carbide; Toughness; Composite material","score_opus":0.005878163666778298,"score_gpt":0.20070802575637448,"score_spread":0.19482986208959618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2963739615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895131,0.00069809967,0.008158977,0.0002018868,0.00006342184,0.00016746925,8.0634294e-7,0.00029284158,0.00090339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98973674,0.0001428523,0.010041572,0.000015604552,0.0000038166445,0.000013037449,1.7484341e-7,0.000016208565,0.000029995166],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985308,0.000013473515,0.00040303599,0.00035279567,0.00027520297,0.00042470667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993229,0.000039776703,0.00010220115,0.00035275423,0.00014027479,0.00004208799],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00087181514,0.00015110223,0.00040741306,0.0006509639,0.000084297746,0.00001749316,0.00036516876,0.00012390887,0.000005722812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018368955,0.00014833406,0.000030883915,0.0016774179,0.00046336174,0.00036367952,0.00014166765,0.00023113223,9.644156e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000102317035,0.00000961528,0.0004625612,0.00010564444,0.000009469059,0.0000021797807,0.00013074829,0.00072699256,0.99345744,0.0026098157,0.000006689764,0.002468593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023108676,0.00006262336,0.000051049494,0.00041382277,0.000008935325,0.000004553655,0.0011126092,0.0024410973,0.99447876,0.00097007805,0.000063146486,0.00016220899],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060198786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007719255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002306384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007490246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003830638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60488874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013911321","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2020.1742472","title":"A review on the laser welding of coated 22MnB5 press-hardened steel and its impact on the production of tailor-welded blanks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Laser; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.03926264509937477,"score_gpt":0.2855866842355858,"score_spread":0.24632403913621104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3013911321","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.029425846,0.9683516,0.0000030312463,0.00094243814,0.00013753618,0.0007451427,0.000008579339,0.0000740532,0.00031174425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.34705445,0.6528319,0.000028613575,0.00003935015,0.000013343154,0.000014051204,3.8536348e-7,0.000011679089,0.000006204668],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870026,0.000042900516,0.0004707025,0.00031844657,0.00022987336,0.00023778924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903756,0.00016702639,0.00029433993,0.00034232583,0.00011923663,0.0000395213],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010290905,0.00023962872,0.0008328,0.0002115032,0.00014593473,0.00001671318,0.00047604568,0.0001571981,0.00001181959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001228406,0.00011927253,0.00008871423,0.0009068716,0.00045648005,0.00009364621,0.00016278407,0.00046407798,0.0000011479847],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055800618,0.000044037362,0.00000820635,0.045739565,0.0004608042,0.0000063715847,0.00052505464,0.00025127525,0.07005198,0.008473066,0.0020308648,0.87235296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025730496,0.0011815351,0.000005128856,0.13095689,0.0006508868,0.00012244367,0.00042278157,0.0002463179,0.7225561,0.0004998188,0.14250898,0.0005918083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002681946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7152973e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87176114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028209131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006601811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48637927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034697265","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2020.1773057","title":"Shear band formation at the fusion boundary and failure behaviour of resistance spot welds in ultra-high-strength hot-stamped steel","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Tempering; Softening; Shear band; Martensite; Shear (geology); Spot welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Alloy; Hardening (computing); Fusion; Microstructure; Welding","score_opus":0.008190854544729155,"score_gpt":0.19333844253059904,"score_spread":0.1851475879858699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034697265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969244,0.0009410161,0.00018259781,0.0015525465,0.00003101864,0.00009374714,0.0000022579918,0.00007974057,0.0001926755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99800843,0.00009290338,0.0018576247,0.00001961865,0.0000048705415,0.0000037025404,4.6060538e-7,0.000005886134,0.000006478946],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992793,0.000009034481,0.00020744817,0.00015738502,0.00016842766,0.0001784066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997116,0.000031929525,0.000056994533,0.0001239344,0.000046476864,0.000029065919],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032466924,0.00008184475,0.0001396922,0.00019561911,0.00019290207,0.000025232495,0.00017759092,0.000066957866,0.000004009953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009470375,0.00006606711,0.000009427085,0.0006799475,0.0007514859,0.00034487204,0.00008374722,0.0001569923,4.3110256e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022587277,0.0000054441616,0.026937371,0.00007752298,0.000003669985,0.0000028082243,0.0029074044,0.00022353562,0.96563584,0.0006334774,0.00004182573,0.0035085313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003900834,0.00012595106,0.01603957,0.00019126709,0.000010548864,0.000018324889,0.0042501446,0.002372228,0.97596365,0.00019204586,0.00031323227,0.00013297642],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008658045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005133134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0108978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029692375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022629774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2768881},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3109526243","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2020.1833517","title":"Weld hardness ratio and liquid metal embrittlement crack's detrimental effect on resistant spot weld strength","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Liquid metal embrittlement; Materials science; Spot welding; Embrittlement; Metallurgy; Welding; Composite material; Microstructure; Grain boundary","score_opus":0.00927893528638243,"score_gpt":0.2413853200707707,"score_spread":0.23210638478438828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3109526243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99187005,0.00037936485,0.0053832163,0.0011385124,0.00006979045,0.00014463981,0.000003479986,0.00052336225,0.00048757013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99042666,0.00006932376,0.009392733,0.00006267607,0.000017308128,0.000012348556,6.553478e-7,0.000014687677,0.000003619133],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870944,0.000013757524,0.00026707505,0.0003977618,0.00028898666,0.00032299283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995045,0.000064747,0.00007329468,0.00020835835,0.000050059127,0.00009906244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058713934,0.00017362871,0.00029630752,0.0004923882,0.00024926974,0.00003976327,0.0002589934,0.00008279899,0.000011250756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003500427,0.00016622226,0.000033475495,0.0012841346,0.00050518115,0.0002705646,0.0001843027,0.00023963464,0.000001607996],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006638311,0.00001631256,0.00222444,0.000067872126,0.000051062365,0.000019788107,0.0002050261,0.0005425302,0.96688354,0.0071622455,0.000056424575,0.022704389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029976564,0.0011466692,0.0001767437,0.0000942324,0.000039972332,0.0000096266795,0.000418608,0.0068156384,0.9902222,0.0002459178,0.00034240365,0.0001882268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000059240233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019272024,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02333867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054711432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021836915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67783475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164257319","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2021.1931764","title":"Progress in Improving Joint Strength of Brazed Cemented Carbides and Steels","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced materials and composites","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Brazing; Materials science; Cemented carbide; Metallurgy; Joint (building); Carbide; Microstructure; Alloy; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.006801579399597051,"score_gpt":0.2173266305933536,"score_spread":0.21052505119375656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3164257319","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99771774,0.0016835978,0.00026396004,0.00007927269,0.000046378726,0.000036424797,7.408518e-7,0.000059393577,0.000112498135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893611,0.00005443816,0.010570936,0.0000030125289,0.0000027654037,0.0000029791586,1.2448149e-7,0.000003550303,0.0000010619757],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994842,0.000003556924,0.00016004039,0.00013033238,0.00007398536,0.00014792958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979395,0.0000128373995,0.0000387096,0.000083565916,0.000053929398,0.0000170237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019312343,0.000053004693,0.00013821272,0.0002221127,0.00004571746,0.000014510253,0.00006187226,0.000031039566,0.0000018511668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000633701,0.000052290627,0.000005493705,0.0005006416,0.00034460085,0.0001408541,0.00010055125,0.000053284137,3.9481094e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000012853726,0.0000063506936,0.023270544,0.000055260258,0.0000029182006,0.000003771207,0.00013015584,0.00007291453,0.9360108,0.002196257,1.9905875e-7,0.03824956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019203799,0.000039768736,0.0056580883,0.00012075159,0.0000030008289,0.000010678153,0.0009470405,0.0022454062,0.9899982,0.00072202476,0.000007346951,0.00005563565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000035960345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003448518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.053987436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009320699,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022265987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21323499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3183125086","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2021.1950500","title":"Tensile properties and microstructural features of friction stir welded Al 6061 joints fabricated by various dual-pin tool shapes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Friction stir welding; Welding; Rectangle; Ultimate tensile strength; Ductility (Earth science); Joint (building); Composite material; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0095448451800842,"score_gpt":0.21968162439959013,"score_spread":0.21013677921950594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3183125086","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99409723,0.0016460809,0.0030382932,0.00065738213,0.000046261066,0.000075967095,0.000003751925,0.00034213666,0.00009288802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97955006,0.00020907997,0.02016937,0.000030020505,0.0000045547536,0.000006125581,9.3577023e-7,0.000009995835,0.0000198728],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903965,0.0000070448414,0.00024441443,0.00028841203,0.00017143157,0.00024906162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950916,0.00002153806,0.000082360515,0.000158918,0.00019698721,0.00003101227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021534147,0.00012494675,0.00025148987,0.00037989268,0.00018870029,0.000033572866,0.00012828967,0.0000984876,0.000004564816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027559377,0.000115085735,0.000022168659,0.001220329,0.00068745087,0.00026839584,0.0001528415,0.00018205226,1.9474042e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002475458,0.000005214338,0.0025979292,0.000023465102,0.000018954366,0.0000035869275,0.0001429356,0.00018815383,0.9796974,0.0005052418,0.00014616197,0.016668463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001416076,0.000054342207,0.0029353758,0.00009265957,0.000022076156,0.00012936085,0.0005784109,0.0051415567,0.9891274,0.0014779214,0.0001612613,0.00013803624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023099446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032462854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017131075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031691732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026736108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46930602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220903900","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2053395","title":"Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Pipeline (software); Laser beam welding; Laser beams; Laser; Composite material; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.003952223274951231,"score_gpt":0.2195630314989842,"score_spread":0.21561080822403297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220903900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99851435,0.00065439445,0.00009613556,0.000097182325,0.00014184513,0.00011482314,0.0000070047467,0.00017988712,0.00019436555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985274,0.00007901474,0.001348759,0.0000052207215,0.000011191885,0.000008029071,3.5905515e-7,0.000012771141,0.000007255605],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989722,0.000014897366,0.00026508278,0.00023830714,0.00025141597,0.0002581045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995312,0.00008119977,0.00011132044,0.00018566007,0.0000550289,0.000035565634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078183063,0.00013139132,0.00029011603,0.00071408995,0.00031439203,0.000013954536,0.00027128545,0.000074971875,0.00000841122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018244158,0.00011877026,0.000025926487,0.0010207483,0.00054806867,0.00011557703,0.000304791,0.00027672702,5.8093455e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003924164,0.000013060694,0.021796217,0.0003993534,0.000016344566,0.0000072900234,0.0002780803,0.012497501,0.95461804,0.0003036808,0.000030657317,0.010000527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003163463,0.00034501194,0.0017654292,0.0002136175,0.000013805076,0.00004169495,0.00044513,0.00050344237,0.99598324,0.00018753708,0.00007430026,0.00011046162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010159179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.3870135e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041365176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002744761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017622386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48433107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390979279","doi":"10.1177/13621718231222844","title":"Half-sectioned spot weld parameter optimisation for liquid metal embrittlement analysis in advanced high-strength steels","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Liquid metal embrittlement; Welding; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Embrittlement; Cracking; Heat-affected zone; Electric resistance welding; Liquid metal; Composite material; Microstructure; Grain boundary","score_opus":0.009383691652030051,"score_gpt":0.2628152894592297,"score_spread":0.25343159780719965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390979279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81603396,0.00038859615,0.18234181,0.00037783288,0.000100814905,0.0001426325,0.0000032854948,0.0005254445,0.00008564794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8639246,0.00008622532,0.13589688,0.0000074959303,0.000009019643,0.000053719286,0.0000021657227,0.000011487727,0.000008375722],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987584,0.0000071127756,0.00034146823,0.00038710432,0.0001921689,0.00031375288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994954,0.00010848408,0.000052810585,0.00022371118,0.00008340633,0.000036190897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007784763,0.0001328503,0.00028749427,0.0024254902,0.00012155874,0.000043888533,0.00019664146,0.00009085261,0.000010793797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023613565,0.00013587784,0.0000695238,0.004520719,0.00024439703,0.0004665914,0.00006677204,0.00015873587,5.191724e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045094668,0.0000478403,0.0037295045,0.0001778528,0.00056675205,0.000014131835,0.00057401496,0.27828732,0.5142039,0.040385734,0.000016981825,0.1619509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026291507,0.0002680177,0.00032893833,0.00012901469,0.00025806625,0.000007501572,0.0006264633,0.27156478,0.72052544,0.005424625,0.0003384161,0.00026582513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017749706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020550053,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20632157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011551821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002598245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5540938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398235537","doi":"10.1177/13621718241253490","title":"Micro-resistance welding of NiTi shape memory alloy wire and MP35N wire","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Shape Memory Alloy Transformations","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Nippon Steel Corporation","keywords":"Nickel titanium; Shape-memory alloy; Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Alloy; Composite material","score_opus":0.012849064692384471,"score_gpt":0.25235341437710906,"score_spread":0.2395043496847246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398235537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936275,0.0019651232,0.00019469878,0.0019417268,0.0002323699,0.00011334486,0.0000069459816,0.00022292437,0.0016953998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99101126,0.000076398224,0.008787245,0.00004901005,0.000014295429,0.0000074144673,2.5191824e-7,0.000009107967,0.000045013876],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859834,0.000017014176,0.00034076397,0.00040171779,0.0002981267,0.0003440324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993869,0.000112004185,0.00009436489,0.00021269637,0.00013462645,0.000059427628],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013665218,0.00012699365,0.00022236361,0.0006641507,0.00039593663,0.000091596776,0.00037365872,0.00009155197,0.000059371134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026257802,0.00011992427,0.000023856817,0.0013271122,0.0023375803,0.00086003763,0.00015407166,0.00015623111,0.0000061353567],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051171305,0.000008805233,0.0016988505,0.00013195605,0.000004891246,0.000008110956,0.00092135847,0.000011284459,0.9796689,0.01021131,0.00002614301,0.0073032468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018401109,0.00006872041,0.0011531141,0.0005799663,0.000021555983,0.00008216921,0.0030178875,0.0010496402,0.9910784,0.0022377332,0.00036654226,0.00016027036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007714058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000898773,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011409464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026159103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014324723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86129117},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403041529","doi":"10.1177/13621718241285301","title":"Weldability of new Ni-based superalloy G27: Effect of pre-weld solution annealing on the hot cracking susceptibility","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"VINNOVA","keywords":"Weldability; Superalloy; Cracking; Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Annealing (glass); Composite material; Microstructure","score_opus":0.008420003626042472,"score_gpt":0.24113116858186703,"score_spread":0.23271116495582456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403041529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99650705,0.00063385395,0.0011665081,0.0008529581,0.00019487075,0.00015305544,0.0000017148061,0.00021126255,0.00027870387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991666,0.000012847805,0.00077449565,0.0000109354305,0.000017816192,0.000004241565,2.9848832e-7,0.000008348921,0.000004390863],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989106,0.000026859108,0.00028311642,0.00027368334,0.000251949,0.0002537864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927795,0.0002524585,0.00004190462,0.00031542266,0.000075873024,0.000036384354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020374993,0.00012266841,0.00023164658,0.00028373272,0.00022179454,0.000044853954,0.00026922137,0.00011623589,0.000011708356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005215187,0.00008644508,0.000047860878,0.0011732372,0.0007404874,0.00017489443,0.000056014178,0.00028149682,5.6299814e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031535343,0.000013800211,0.03373614,0.0003421899,0.000022069224,0.0000018380639,0.0005198542,0.0030032238,0.9321693,0.005531668,0.00007297203,0.0245554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016411135,0.0004893564,0.006281125,0.00049516815,0.000021158507,0.0000037318248,0.00019672468,0.027801294,0.96359086,0.000777124,0.0000698149,0.000109516805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000069311944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018529572,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031421565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003705756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007950788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35251278},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405058937","doi":"10.1177/13621718241290543","title":"Effects of the laser spot size and beam wobbling on the properties of aluminum 6061 weld metal","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Equiaxed crystals; Spot welding; Welding; Laser beam welding; Microstructure; Aluminium; Laser; Grain size; Metallurgy; Beam (structure); Weld pool; Alloy; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Optics; Gas tungsten arc welding; Arc welding","score_opus":0.007242237378446017,"score_gpt":0.2065522124651404,"score_spread":0.1993099750866944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405058937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99680275,0.0013451736,0.00061503745,0.00072944025,0.00006932009,0.000112823844,4.3244034e-7,0.00017803934,0.00014699929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977911,0.00009517015,0.0020634122,0.00001744063,0.0000064281526,0.000008873168,1.236737e-8,0.000008762061,0.000008812459],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992707,0.00000879772,0.00018106627,0.00017370272,0.00019402809,0.00017172155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994836,0.0001930506,0.00005001616,0.00020834852,0.000049386756,0.000015623194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006224947,0.00009272295,0.00017608113,0.00029099325,0.00013156328,0.000017466373,0.00028177167,0.00005844983,0.0000017041388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006259337,0.00005456952,0.000035057583,0.0013150707,0.0011206942,0.00014434538,0.00015328151,0.0001938881,1.9686081e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022309905,0.0000056320696,0.001022843,0.00015335061,0.000030920295,0.0000013715447,0.00028632532,0.0006831129,0.98533785,0.0061997776,0.000008094766,0.0062685083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004314726,0.000047992995,0.0002951785,0.0005363752,0.00003610181,0.000007206098,0.0003894543,0.0044240225,0.9920575,0.0020506384,0.000052412186,0.00005998045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006782664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001132612,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006719657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001559286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002060025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41292447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414227806","doi":"10.1177/13621718251376850","title":"Direct energy deposition via arc manufacturing using ultra-low heat input gas metal arc welding","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Shielding gas; Carbon arc welding; Arc welding; Microstructure; Gas tungsten arc welding; Submerged arc welding","score_opus":0.006860849230512175,"score_gpt":0.21521911598291307,"score_spread":0.2083582667524009,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414227806","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96244943,0.0004768002,0.033464212,0.00013277019,0.00033316953,0.000055083605,0.0000022646961,0.00037138822,0.0027148859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957776,0.00010295818,0.004025352,0.000036455353,0.000029976145,0.0000071671943,8.3673706e-7,0.0000132469395,0.0000064130386],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987996,0.00001269332,0.0002679403,0.0003299754,0.00018003843,0.0004097548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996035,0.000064584834,0.000051631167,0.00016966634,0.0000640434,0.00004656528],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041147583,0.00017893172,0.00026758137,0.00084776006,0.0004400103,0.00007842313,0.00024019124,0.00010430483,0.000012704317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009439562,0.00017700026,0.000029284349,0.00068466784,0.0004827167,0.00041070988,0.00010544004,0.00013508106,6.534653e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051576444,0.000007677982,0.00048855174,0.0001163372,0.000025633126,0.0000068109757,0.00008431326,0.0043505533,0.9632044,0.0008373011,0.0000040074524,0.0308693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013094438,0.0000308172,0.00028537502,0.0003091473,0.000022443895,0.00003584582,0.00017305477,0.0040123733,0.99234426,0.0023604706,0.00012644412,0.00016881515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005171712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053888816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033328168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006489089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039641513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7217861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415548741","doi":"10.1177/13621718251389304","title":"A novel in-situ temperature measurement method for liquid metal embrittlement cracking analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Liquid metal embrittlement; Embrittlement; Cracking; Liquid metal; Welding; Temperature measurement","score_opus":0.01143920732447637,"score_gpt":0.26704047818180837,"score_spread":0.255601270857332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415548741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8732847,0.0016019648,0.1211392,0.0017643286,0.00018598101,0.00022392605,0.0000024234803,0.00019277445,0.0016047275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94823426,0.000017354947,0.051631738,0.000069640795,0.00000782315,0.000026383615,3.7861074e-7,0.0000050241892,0.00000736671],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989236,0.0000066525754,0.00025374503,0.00028258492,0.0002327681,0.00030066114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995163,0.000033526176,0.000034851415,0.0001817556,0.0002043204,0.000029252013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018109331,0.00011185044,0.00027078734,0.0014947978,0.00017517254,0.000040529852,0.00023070807,0.00010057434,0.0000020194836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022427356,0.00010526872,0.000048976843,0.003829849,0.00015647152,0.0001572395,0.00007369393,0.00016936896,1.2248452e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005850136,0.000014338451,0.0008101821,0.000030062867,0.00012056425,8.854029e-7,0.00014720873,0.001318492,0.9772536,0.014846579,0.000017464687,0.0054347715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051976746,0.00010761138,0.0017608218,0.00013426905,0.00018535127,0.000005045259,0.0010218108,0.0068231905,0.98762846,0.000526672,0.0011037688,0.00018323155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008277819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007650783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.074949615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007154411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000067891415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4292734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}