{"meta":{"query_hash":"f811d336aa84","filters":{"venue":"Solar Energy"},"cohort_total":156,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":156,"exported":156,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/f811d336aa84","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Solar+Energy"},"results":[{"id":"W1968845451","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2012.11.014","title":"The effect of quantum efficiencies on the optimum orientation of photovoltaic modules – A comparison between crystalline and thin film modules","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Institute of Gender and Health; U.S. Air Force","keywords":"Photocurrent; Irradiance; Tilt (camera); Orientation (vector space); Wavelength; Quantum efficiency; Photovoltaic system; Materials science; Optics; Photon; Solar irradiance; Optoelectronics; Physics; Meteorology; Geometry; Mathematics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.015667594202226784,"score_gpt":0.25098984990686407,"score_spread":0.23532225570463727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968845451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8458993,0.00081071525,0.15265165,0.00009852305,0.00020537857,0.0001467078,0.000011628776,0.000035426,0.00014068748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988841,0.00007307822,0.00086692214,0.000048298738,0.000060610495,0.000017788514,0.00000882384,0.000009639157,0.00003077486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849665,0.0003560555,0.00032442063,0.00018346525,0.00038774294,0.00025166606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975811,0.0015352217,0.00026482434,0.0004769589,0.0000711033,0.00007073858],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010931848,0.00015455825,0.00024410032,0.00007465689,0.00027144834,0.00006606047,0.00050782674,0.00006731367,0.0000035136866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020163249,0.00008663403,0.000077947836,0.00033739637,0.00016771506,0.00022983628,0.000122046804,0.00012113548,0.0000017348952],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026846386,0.00042540228,0.13023995,0.00019165418,0.0003586629,0.0000014358365,0.015459143,0.110693224,0.08090987,0.6304572,0.0023366767,0.028658306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032061967,0.0004460173,0.020860214,0.000023369768,0.000020754194,0.0000014099348,0.00018784867,0.75026417,0.22421591,0.00081648177,0.0027184226,0.00012478723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025506684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020723994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63957095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019311825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018759265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35328332},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974871354","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2010.09.004","title":"Daylighting performance evaluation of a bottom-up motorized roller shade","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Daylight; Illuminance; Daylighting; Shading; Environmental science; Electric light; Automotive engineering; Computer science; Architectural engineering; Optics; Engineering; Computer graphics (images); Physics","score_opus":0.009434306751280904,"score_gpt":0.20817187578356589,"score_spread":0.19873756903228498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974871354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98184586,0.00009832791,0.013188413,0.00001124642,0.0011920305,0.000041073334,0.0000015853392,0.00015844822,0.003463008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961085,0.000046078436,0.0034409098,0.000012413044,0.000152527,0.000029491453,0.000020881365,0.000025711774,0.00016354007],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929786,0.000020975733,0.00017645465,0.000106872365,0.0002535845,0.00014424833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961203,0.000014939108,0.000041998017,0.0002015847,0.00009568169,0.000033739536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003331109,0.00009813481,0.000112897935,0.00007718066,0.000054648688,0.000011719357,0.00011146667,0.000117976735,0.0001264978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002627368,0.000097842305,0.00004027402,0.00015909616,0.00001187849,0.0001583423,0.000016825903,0.00014587955,0.0000015406549],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000080403,0.00001058541,0.00021077953,0.000012008344,0.000029055158,1.3476063e-7,0.00009202274,0.8779481,0.092376806,0.0022756595,0.00008330838,0.026953487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040902925,0.0000111607305,0.0002670426,0.0000128793345,0.00002352165,0.000001785256,0.000005750464,0.904003,0.0909335,0.00014621449,0.004077662,0.00010844406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018497742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033798417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026845042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024046123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028370187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39898935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979115281","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2007.09.003","title":"Development of a cost-effective solar illumination system to bring natural light into the building core","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; British Columbia Institute of Technology; BC Hydro","keywords":"Sunlight; Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Computer science; Core (optical fiber); Solar energy; Energy consumption; Process engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.005741635414929669,"score_gpt":0.21470398530471246,"score_spread":0.2089623498897828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979115281","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35438576,0.00052003557,0.6432055,0.000019773472,0.000694392,0.00021664833,4.6277742e-7,0.00021190173,0.0007454731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97734255,0.000010310189,0.022391906,0.000030344007,0.00008920834,0.00004963599,0.000009745494,0.00003082378,0.000045508885],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991642,0.000016505683,0.000259397,0.00014813957,0.00018525762,0.0002264665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996021,0.000052011266,0.000051991614,0.00016340458,0.000077434794,0.000053063537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039477178,0.00014138343,0.00014198024,0.00014261209,0.000140929,0.000020871854,0.00016936989,0.00008423652,0.0000019508104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020313584,0.00011876708,0.00004325339,0.00034422663,0.000012602903,0.00010523303,0.000055249762,0.000107892236,0.0000015202381],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024988174,0.000013641098,0.000062333995,0.00011376496,0.00010081772,0.000004755732,0.0036693844,0.66203076,0.06733845,0.017706199,0.000047188103,0.24888773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000249085,0.000024267152,0.0006574891,0.00025329026,0.000022531463,0.000011795098,0.0007241186,0.24641521,0.6855498,0.000035316396,0.065737434,0.00031964155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004759365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031603684,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62295675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027842572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017033888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48431808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980917875","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.02.036","title":"Experimental and numerical simulation of a two-dimensional unglazed transpired solar air collector","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Plenum space; Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Computational fluid dynamics; Thermal; Airflow; Air mass (solar energy); Environmental science; Flow (mathematics); Computer simulation; Heat transfer; Nuclear engineering; Volume (thermodynamics); Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.00836352743401982,"score_gpt":0.21252918233877277,"score_spread":0.20416565490475294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980917875","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7926135,0.000360954,0.20623592,0.000027346428,0.00016318173,0.00014012316,0.0000103867105,0.00016997773,0.00027862977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99752617,0.0000019178792,0.0022397572,0.00006242927,0.000041315674,0.000038917075,0.000015235189,0.00004314527,0.00003112953],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917907,0.000039566938,0.00022536666,0.00016353247,0.00017702236,0.00021544099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996624,0.000053635977,0.000009819779,0.00012454124,0.000033263022,0.00011632065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044317832,0.00015628526,0.00021495775,0.000070550996,0.00004471915,0.00001074014,0.00006245865,0.000087864784,0.0002570302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004245662,0.0001599718,0.000058247468,0.00013411355,0.000026107098,0.00014171645,0.000009519837,0.00007122398,0.000009606772],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000114304985,0.000035982306,0.000013610501,0.000013301884,0.000032884585,0.000002201571,0.00021050857,0.29215187,0.7066078,0.00032923275,0.000028902192,0.00056225853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007330305,0.000072151466,0.00012369777,0.00001038315,0.000008815015,0.0000027697347,0.000014060459,0.48264158,0.5159479,0.00015280556,0.00017020042,0.00012261087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017343588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000068180857,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20491266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040266856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018754316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.652346},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981948396","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.12.001","title":"Optimization of a residential solar combisystem for minimum life cycle cost, energy use and exergy destroyed","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University","keywords":"Exergy; Payback period; Electricity; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Solar energy; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Economics; Production (economics); Microeconomics","score_opus":0.009445275886975999,"score_gpt":0.18622808235330343,"score_spread":0.17678280646632744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981948396","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05235244,0.00043384254,0.9463051,0.000031906162,0.00035353744,0.00014291024,0.000014998466,0.00020295141,0.00016233938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832304,0.00035365118,0.015583209,0.000081445934,0.00010737288,0.00020669987,0.00012726423,0.0000739832,0.00023596699],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894917,0.000046088626,0.00036903762,0.00021933785,0.00014069979,0.00027565844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992842,0.000090766334,0.00009579792,0.00025525334,0.00014290928,0.00013105365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000077390454,0.00019830384,0.00027269838,0.00013900752,0.000101155645,0.00010552437,0.00013381544,0.00019121321,0.00003693769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047009285,0.00021181491,0.000074982665,0.0001627068,0.000039464438,0.0005031301,0.000042898257,0.000053881544,3.8059824e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002534835,0.000024237805,0.00007433025,0.000050238777,0.000074492404,5.958542e-7,0.000034069126,0.989477,0.0015423179,0.0056684255,0.0014405395,0.0015884292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007034168,0.00005951344,0.00009005661,0.000046614816,0.000037218982,0.0000043461678,0.000029810353,0.9860227,0.010041995,0.00037200897,0.0023613954,0.00023088341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000843605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012419147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.930878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031787033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029503093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8637561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983305798","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2012.03.019","title":"Photovoltaic properties of M-phthalocyanine/fullerene organic solar cells","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Xerox (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Phthalocyanine; Fullerene; Materials science; Moiety; Bilayer; Photovoltaic system; Organic solar cell; Open-circuit voltage; Photovoltaic effect; Photoconductivity; Valency; Photochemistry; Yield (engineering); Absorption (acoustics); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Voltage; Organic chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.00880191143488963,"score_gpt":0.1708157284203204,"score_spread":0.16201381698543077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983305798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98652786,0.009042057,0.0015416422,0.0000057356056,0.0007524373,0.000091875554,0.000012192814,0.00026333393,0.0017628693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99792796,0.0010682757,0.00015034966,0.000041249063,0.00023736617,0.000012125945,0.000008054545,0.000111966925,0.00044263314],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998713,0.000029649022,0.00030280574,0.0001535108,0.00017719189,0.0006238476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993437,0.000015962263,0.000053334028,0.0003785773,0.000057273362,0.00015114046],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015601027,0.00025223792,0.00029360183,0.000098785014,0.000060949445,0.000018930235,0.00023252491,0.00016153268,0.0003594506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010749611,0.0002352389,0.000095125,0.0003010358,0.000036187575,0.00016626081,0.00006086528,0.0001978454,0.000056202625],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005287253,0.00005728382,0.00013738582,0.00007499841,0.00008333286,0.0000012506608,0.00018147974,0.00022655411,0.9979896,0.0003404671,0.0007033213,0.00019901626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020074508,0.000053360192,0.000022858854,0.000025320942,0.000027823717,0.00001095845,0.000027575634,0.0016627946,0.9562297,0.00007759192,0.04138715,0.00027412814],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019410318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008295481,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041759927,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008181117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051942505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95927644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984490181","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2009.01.011","title":"Thermodynamic assessment of photovoltaic systems","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Photovoltaic system; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Nuclear engineering; Process engineering; Solar energy; Thermal energy; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.011053526040182957,"score_gpt":0.24712386659613209,"score_spread":0.23607034055594914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984490181","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8044686,0.0018534891,0.007482996,0.00003053553,0.0014907963,0.00023644308,0.000026165262,0.00031259944,0.18409842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99672985,0.000054409837,0.0001418671,0.00016841435,0.0002573085,0.000032625856,0.000039761246,0.00003800664,0.002537744],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813694,0.00020188623,0.0005227647,0.00032960763,0.00041388193,0.00039491887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987768,0.000059261605,0.00032258345,0.00061215064,0.00010684614,0.0001223514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030249564,0.00026393365,0.00047164827,0.00013086852,0.00009102744,0.00003752667,0.0003584622,0.00018249049,0.0001837186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018230834,0.00022422514,0.00019590011,0.00029563007,0.000043316202,0.000112703296,0.000032389766,0.000137265,0.00002226652],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003951211,0.000216445,0.001767651,0.000047493966,0.00014887414,0.000026185118,0.00020712674,0.0042814827,0.8428056,0.13598809,0.00029989693,0.014171624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004225015,0.0017781359,0.081856206,0.0006246055,0.00024265482,0.0002691762,0.0010508505,0.40354863,0.14584804,0.020752693,0.33742625,0.0023777664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011808229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023748964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6969576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009411566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075474905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947722},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985257775","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.03.030","title":"Two-dimensional simulation studies on high-efficiency point contact back heterojunction (a-Si:H/c-Si) solar cells","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Common emitter; Heterojunction; Solar cell; Materials science; Silicon solar cell; Optoelectronics; Band diagram; Silicon; Doping","score_opus":0.015583350985574477,"score_gpt":0.23044143824205104,"score_spread":0.21485808725647657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985257775","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97654396,0.0004369755,0.016912267,0.000074589916,0.0024947617,0.00012662179,0.0000056168265,0.0010587634,0.002346451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99867177,0.00009207327,0.00047240342,0.00028534967,0.0001690976,0.0000142205945,0.000021631426,0.000054424654,0.00021904414],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985684,0.000080066835,0.0003516888,0.00035821882,0.00027165373,0.00036994505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991458,0.00021290421,0.00006926263,0.0004345791,0.00006722884,0.00007024802],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002445213,0.00031149943,0.00033787006,0.00021430598,0.00015063408,0.000046127825,0.00017522085,0.0001934588,0.000075771226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009089241,0.00028219746,0.00012229176,0.0002016705,0.000057033885,0.00017006285,0.0000697806,0.00024283033,0.00027603938],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021207201,0.000051835475,0.00004252639,0.000025696974,0.00007645256,0.000003719483,0.00011824819,0.9123393,0.07907352,0.0031040157,0.00048095806,0.00466247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080663426,0.0003159059,0.00016224346,0.000048667687,0.000023716928,0.000002554962,0.00013422105,0.6784553,0.3104522,0.0010626853,0.008134708,0.00040115148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000056940342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053342013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23388404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013669148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009009694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986919830","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.07.007","title":"A three-state model for the probability distribution of instantaneous solar radiation, with applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Superposition principle; Range (aeronautics); Probability density function; Probability distribution; Cumulative distribution function; Fraction (chemistry); Inverse distribution; Distribution (mathematics); Mathematics; Statistics; Statistical physics; Physics; Meteorology; Mathematical analysis; Heavy-tailed distribution; Materials science","score_opus":0.012564082677040475,"score_gpt":0.20913878735215674,"score_spread":0.19657470467511626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986919830","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0030350091,0.00012418807,0.99547905,0.00048296017,0.00003850078,0.0006585019,0.00005612989,0.00007118847,0.000054474276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762066,0.000045239503,0.022412186,0.00023248793,0.000025195122,0.0009206224,0.000067082525,0.000011173009,0.00007943945],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912006,0.000025577192,0.00022329358,0.00024731515,0.00019519932,0.00018856864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987231,0.00015502426,0.00014846872,0.00060584274,0.00030334477,0.000064211774],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019512196,0.000108489665,0.00011432946,0.000026035395,0.00022962112,0.00008762357,0.00048114517,0.000047946796,0.000004360983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003318844,0.00007490888,0.000058068814,0.0003199999,0.00006819444,0.00028793755,0.0000488542,0.00006779835,0.0000039082142],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047923728,0.00029889547,0.0014570047,0.00006274307,0.00012410872,5.7596407e-7,0.0011804117,0.16816236,0.0013746335,0.58701897,0.0025182338,0.23775414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021961596,0.000049519753,0.0008082945,0.000002687785,0.000009295311,0.000004331161,0.0000067682904,0.91068715,0.0018599272,0.07549136,0.010761353,0.00009968075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047003262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006051339,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9731716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056907786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016629335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30546954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991201421","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.01.028","title":"Airflow and thermal analysis of flat and corrugated unglazed transpired solar collectors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Reynolds stress; Computational fluid dynamics; Airflow; Suction; Turbulence kinetic energy; Heat transfer; Boundary layer; Reynolds number; Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Environmental science","score_opus":0.004645399581960104,"score_gpt":0.16258535098721033,"score_spread":0.15793995140525022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991201421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769243,0.00056103035,0.021704791,0.000027680244,0.00008645506,0.00009425813,0.000022413153,0.00014871433,0.00043034073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99918205,0.00018433254,0.0004362202,0.000033480115,0.00001487809,0.000020526308,0.000026612961,0.000039410497,0.000062482],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913836,0.00004790748,0.00024322036,0.00018895773,0.0001295515,0.0002519825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995859,0.00004550005,0.000011504339,0.00018355712,0.00004032257,0.00013317826],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008198342,0.00018150445,0.00038345528,0.0002493658,0.000049791324,0.000028519462,0.00008097027,0.00013645993,0.00021001208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055318,0.000174959,0.00008521602,0.00059022673,0.000043585922,0.00012995047,0.000009352215,0.00008425406,0.0000022189547],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013970143,0.00001539775,0.0008039226,0.000053596894,0.0011855635,0.0000058143855,0.0008168491,0.011808602,0.978705,0.0005322723,0.00004170907,0.006017288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009717746,0.00010107995,0.009299806,0.000020706566,0.000753092,0.0000029962996,0.000072912524,0.5171378,0.47059894,0.00013922481,0.00053901237,0.0003626148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00056333357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042487474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5081061,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019150635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001308741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71346205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996594308","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2010.02.009","title":"Estimating potential photovoltaic yield with r.sun and the open source Geographical Resources Analysis Support System","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Solar energy; Environmental science; Electricity; Photovoltaics; Insolation; Renewable energy; Preprocessor; Meteorology; Computer science; Geography; Engineering; Climatology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.005935580502771153,"score_gpt":0.2064676169960609,"score_spread":0.20053203649328974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996594308","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23442677,0.000062071646,0.7623626,0.000392335,0.0003549863,0.00020921954,0.000004674855,0.0002276355,0.0019596848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777355,0.0000037840816,0.02118187,0.0006135512,0.00012665421,0.00004067657,0.0000076983915,0.000015748587,0.0002745081],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840665,0.00015352762,0.0002725699,0.00048240574,0.00038384716,0.00030102272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985444,0.00020873763,0.00018773391,0.0007979123,0.00008935686,0.00017188962],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009096684,0.00018664388,0.0003242823,0.0002056544,0.00056341075,0.0010820797,0.001363253,0.00011861581,0.000034825967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006441834,0.00011997347,0.00013073007,0.0010602494,0.0002090551,0.00034885865,0.00053852214,0.00032471304,0.0000034788973],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015691853,0.0007454018,0.16123234,0.00028993798,0.009169435,0.0005877496,0.024200518,0.09003385,0.047802664,0.57581323,0.0042203744,0.08433532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009799112,0.00007096712,0.002767505,0.000013007648,0.00024092206,0.00015454364,0.00017136481,0.9818745,0.0012344114,0.00036319677,0.011859225,0.00027043812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004498844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016815056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89184064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009107101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006155515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999549},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996835275","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.01.001","title":"An investigation of the technoeconomic feasibility of solar domestic hot water heating for the Canadian housing stock","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Retrofitting; Payback period; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Stock (firearms); Energy consumption; Roof; Solar energy; Waste management; Engineering; Civil engineering; Production (economics); Economics","score_opus":0.01203219654010735,"score_gpt":0.2079492015337851,"score_spread":0.19591700499367776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996835275","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8941716,0.000037100843,0.1053208,0.000060470902,0.00019844976,0.00009782334,0.000005108143,0.000046344256,0.00006230399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981634,0.000002867196,0.001675757,0.000054191907,0.000043823136,0.000017920922,0.000012106653,0.000021881075,0.000008057424],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947906,0.000031414576,0.00018220117,0.00009826752,0.000055543005,0.00015352995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953717,0.000046303263,0.00004253565,0.0002948611,0.000039031645,0.00004010627],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000294647,0.00008191372,0.00010519493,0.000049603823,0.00018818757,0.000017975417,0.0001761199,0.00008224697,0.000004372333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017969516,0.00005220939,0.000046285677,0.00007401774,0.0000589026,0.00008780292,0.000013970016,0.00006578173,7.912421e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002751481,0.0000025914892,0.002568201,0.000022438418,0.0000134664615,1.5962542e-8,0.000104877276,0.9816467,0.011482937,0.0018673808,0.000009682988,0.0022789277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000118690805,0.000025532792,0.0018170929,0.000020689642,0.000019573949,8.4422805e-7,0.000016874346,0.8721166,0.123310454,0.0023141636,0.0001594558,0.00007998831],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015180004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06343586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.111827515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007988487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004637461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.991378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999752488","doi":"10.1115/isec2005-76140","title":"Numerical Study of Conjugate Heat Transfer in a BIPV-Thermal System","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Heat transfer; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Convective heat transfer; Building-integrated photovoltaics; Materials science; Thermal; Photovoltaic system; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.012668155262596948,"score_gpt":0.21901218327231048,"score_spread":0.20634402800971352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999752488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930786,0.00035991307,0.00040191892,0.000028845163,0.0002621503,0.00017805593,0.000005227391,0.00011599465,0.0055693095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99922293,0.0000033006875,0.00001667984,0.00008966205,0.00026725535,0.00008612467,0.0000057536954,0.00005351031,0.00025476667],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977449,0.00054456573,0.0006376924,0.00034538208,0.00033067286,0.00039676888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930364,0.00008527864,0.000037720507,0.0004076575,0.000047963378,0.000117719464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037322124,0.0002506203,0.0005354188,0.0001467125,0.00005776886,0.000018065706,0.00027297295,0.00015021054,0.00017343294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011854904,0.00021693626,0.00012877719,0.00034936648,0.000032410582,0.000117410375,0.000027506907,0.00014914357,0.00005567724],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028661352,0.0037281865,0.03987229,0.00024188781,0.0006194953,0.0002900342,0.017399525,0.21550116,0.6883265,0.011628126,0.00008574493,0.019440927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02288475,0.0041676904,0.040660135,0.0006614577,0.00023655155,0.00026186294,0.012312785,0.083039604,0.67474836,0.00005334552,0.15841497,0.0025584446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03722164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029828823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15832923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001127818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003557993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9691896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001046097","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.11.037","title":"Experimental study of wind effects on unglazed transpired collectors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Wind speed; Environmental science; Suction; Meteorology; Outflow; Plenum space; Wind tunnel; Convective heat transfer; Wind direction; Parametric statistics; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Convection; Marine engineering; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.005939379776490287,"score_gpt":0.20373204102641737,"score_spread":0.1977926612499271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001046097","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904482,0.00002909969,0.00003402369,0.0000239313,0.00015270826,0.000101276484,8.3605124e-7,0.000023861101,0.009186115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992147,0.0000015020306,0.000025255531,0.00011433236,0.000054731547,0.000014212919,0.000001138636,0.000012446867,0.0005616666],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991291,0.00010320361,0.00012754092,0.00022487728,0.0002430134,0.00017224031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996772,0.0000620566,0.0000372316,0.00016902287,0.0000023678756,0.000052166055],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000077938435,0.00012642868,0.00018542344,0.000024814333,0.00012581631,0.000006395245,0.00012878214,0.000032395823,0.00016540576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011837322,0.00010288578,0.00005131835,0.00014494223,0.00005972486,0.00004238927,0.000050765222,0.000039944895,0.00002636067],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033596836,0.007048087,0.07337133,0.000028184471,0.00023219724,0.000027823862,0.012711031,0.004993233,0.8737451,0.0005903048,0.004319285,0.022597454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031799988,0.005080745,0.06392263,0.00002359977,0.00002980928,7.491219e-7,0.000790243,0.00029688136,0.9148571,0.000075300726,0.011439461,0.00030351913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044268346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013828959,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04111197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004087894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023001598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41955605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001211849","doi":"10.1115/isec2006-99130","title":"Experimental Characterization of a Natural Convection Heat Exchanger for Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Moving bed heat exchanger; Natural convection; Computer science; NTU method; Heat transfer; Process engineering; Plate fin heat exchanger; Mechanics; Plate heat exchanger; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.00997365039462938,"score_gpt":0.2186513608214875,"score_spread":0.20867771042685812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001211849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98883015,0.00089033676,0.0060970094,0.000016481632,0.0031287754,0.00031454343,0.00004020636,0.00012656533,0.00055591343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937986,0.0000068701547,0.000022421144,0.000059139056,0.0010688929,0.0002999066,0.0008969818,0.000062561114,0.003784596],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985177,0.000120447614,0.00044505254,0.00030746416,0.00022938654,0.0003799459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994337,0.000035666144,0.00013226281,0.0002210486,0.00012076284,0.0000565584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001680557,0.00024354507,0.00036074466,0.00012196511,0.00013875852,0.00005293408,0.00012242721,0.00017334723,0.00009229938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006669096,0.00018771691,0.00016138848,0.00011043019,0.00004370562,0.00019859627,0.000032496977,0.00006773411,0.000021224103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018881315,0.00009554816,0.00012102021,0.00008495811,0.000055300297,0.0000040988934,0.0002718373,0.0003168839,0.99673337,0.0017975989,0.00008321809,0.00024737677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009411773,0.00015259557,0.00042384586,0.000053939235,0.00002900386,0.000052140524,0.00011362095,0.009102012,0.94178915,0.00007978153,0.04699468,0.0002680282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01205857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000117875206,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05494417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009003092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015948517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99452025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002282456","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.007","title":"Impact of window blinds on daylight-linked dimming and automatic on/off lighting controls","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Public Works and Government Services Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Daylight; Computer science; Electric light; Daylighting; Window (computing); Energy consumption; Smart lighting; Dimmer; Energy (signal processing); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Optics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Architectural engineering; Mathematics; Operating system","score_opus":0.005445085451570806,"score_gpt":0.21032252660633383,"score_spread":0.20487744115476303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002282456","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851227,0.00029036842,0.012422889,0.000023204524,0.0001514898,0.00004364771,0.0000034875409,0.00023170403,0.0017105263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99871236,0.0000795432,0.0009929002,0.00004410574,0.000077652396,0.0000096667145,0.000014040372,0.00003629551,0.00003343516],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992807,0.000017483977,0.00021813475,0.000145179,0.00012983172,0.00020868909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960536,0.00006141411,0.000056755678,0.00019176879,0.000020951109,0.00006372288],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000837057,0.00017031381,0.00022097709,0.00013920963,0.00007115614,0.000025545334,0.00008840643,0.000116446674,0.000011287838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025373509,0.00014718056,0.000082580504,0.00015481081,0.00001955023,0.00010245383,0.000015106647,0.00011373264,0.0000010535016],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015042829,0.00003532183,0.00012939992,0.000013605509,0.00008693779,0.0000039352035,0.00010054338,0.9750323,0.0058151013,0.00777033,0.000011164259,0.010986289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003028151,0.0007164026,0.004869573,0.00046246708,0.000060490856,0.00001705547,0.000025487536,0.9396711,0.048161574,0.0018568238,0.0005752262,0.0005556779],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000066387904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016446977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04234647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000763541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022007202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6001849},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003184286","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.016","title":"Integration of smart windows into building design for reduction of yearly overall energy consumption and peak loads","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Glazing; Cooling load; Energy consumption; Solar gain; Heat flux; Materials science; Solar energy; Environmental science; Work (physics); Solar air conditioning; Reduction (mathematics); Absorption (acoustics); Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat transfer; Composite material; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanics; Air conditioning; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.017127528715960547,"score_gpt":0.2236877943317185,"score_spread":0.20656026561575797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003184286","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16060074,0.0009420497,0.8379485,0.000005188328,0.00032519797,0.000043118096,0.0000020487637,0.000053939537,0.000079236735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615589,0.0004043405,0.03780214,0.0000069086523,0.00010041805,0.000027096574,0.000024577314,0.000023865574,0.000051804254],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994504,0.000030414712,0.0002091189,0.000093527044,0.0000815548,0.00013502763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969125,0.000034811655,0.00007212936,0.00010944194,0.000052630603,0.00003973276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016071447,0.000102820806,0.00014176492,0.00010028375,0.00003774797,0.000009786878,0.000048467366,0.00011245184,0.000008125608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014499414,0.00010790314,0.000040650117,0.00007921997,0.000029710116,0.00029955525,0.000012812308,0.000039735314,8.749363e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007087288,0.00003217247,0.000113389164,0.000069188594,0.000057412017,5.5052663e-8,0.00028356395,0.40675485,0.48674363,0.07839565,0.00018407904,0.027295116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045012357,0.00012598974,0.00040990242,0.00007766506,0.000051535833,0.000007607002,0.000030668303,0.24348275,0.7498499,0.0025953513,0.0027157003,0.00020279942],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014135838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015473484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8009581,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036845136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009393931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44001624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010182965","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.027","title":"Parametric investigation of geometric form effects on solar potential of housing units","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Roof; Shading; Facade; Flat roof; Photovoltaic system; Rectangle; Environmental science; Electricity; Noon; Parametric statistics; Solar gain; Thermal; Structural engineering; Geometry; Meteorology; Computer science; Geology; Atmospheric sciences; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.013481462134167288,"score_gpt":0.17120006721193873,"score_spread":0.15771860507777144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010182965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8114031,0.00025037496,0.1872866,0.0000014199628,0.0003369405,0.000039328326,0.000002314644,0.00010553956,0.00057438016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99566954,0.00013387964,0.004068987,0.000017942662,0.000038667506,0.0000056988697,0.000021927783,0.000030508503,0.00001282274],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993249,0.00002705362,0.00022165164,0.00010714522,0.00016408434,0.0001551207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999561,0.000046554505,0.000087456116,0.00018180753,0.00007581218,0.000047386493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010391838,0.000118011754,0.00017053852,0.0006636517,0.00003487492,0.0000057036127,0.00011242573,0.00012531552,0.000009785634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005039621,0.00012101625,0.00004676953,0.0017343815,0.00002462727,0.00013016358,0.000020624662,0.00008170213,5.979696e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003106599,0.00004033677,0.001657636,0.00022872073,0.00011274086,0.0000045422885,0.00016319222,0.9301528,0.009089916,0.005390495,0.00008116253,0.05304745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034834386,0.00020265499,0.0038882934,0.00009214281,0.000047185564,0.0000021081223,0.000011591121,0.09261841,0.90141505,0.0010863862,0.000104794264,0.00018306954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014149876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009271561,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8923251,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027975395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018704262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49348995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010723223","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2011.03.026","title":"Performance of unglazed solar ventilation air pre-heaters for broiler barns","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Solar energy; Meteorology; Ventilation (architecture); Wind speed; Atmospheric sciences; Solar gain; Geology; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.013672032667591316,"score_gpt":0.18415625712680375,"score_spread":0.17048422445921244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010723223","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7471966,0.00006144471,0.25004518,0.000004474581,0.0004992625,0.00013338914,0.00001765584,0.00019760976,0.0018443338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957979,0.00004837462,0.0038433694,0.00002070894,0.00004332632,0.00005285498,0.000027565724,0.00005351616,0.00011241281],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927306,0.000014203674,0.00021954344,0.00013751106,0.00010642918,0.00024922157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996592,0.000012290607,0.000013673327,0.00021393456,0.000040124203,0.000060774437],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011261508,0.0001320887,0.00016135909,0.00008125448,0.00003639806,0.00000399663,0.00012447302,0.0001069199,0.000063944695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040475793,0.00014051779,0.000082591076,0.00008987138,0.000015035514,0.00017151033,0.000009062649,0.000062085186,0.0000065157137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004335934,0.00015778077,0.0017351739,0.0010107846,0.00035238283,0.0000044515486,0.0046054483,0.053708956,0.8992557,0.010170453,0.0004109254,0.028154343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046987276,0.00016594272,0.00511284,0.000044060776,0.00003349742,0.0000019001307,0.000016557547,0.07271213,0.91799396,0.00021392622,0.003051431,0.00018387244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042830427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027622202,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24860123,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031165982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015697784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5730149},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010994159","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2008.04.008","title":"Spatial insolation models for photovoltaic energy in Canada","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Insolation; Meteorology; Electricity generation; Solar energy; Latitude; Electricity; Photovoltaics; Climatology; Power (physics); Geography; Engineering; Geology; Geodesy; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.018069819654787236,"score_gpt":0.1956998065534041,"score_spread":0.17762998689861687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010994159","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016857326,0.00016427421,0.98125935,0.00009031832,0.00056789146,0.00007254191,0.000010605616,0.00005908167,0.00091864343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926654,0.000091983806,0.005269745,0.0015010047,0.00010001737,0.00006473978,0.000035234956,0.000016583552,0.0002552692],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987332,0.00005738889,0.000274535,0.00033446858,0.00027591063,0.00032448297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925905,0.00009343312,0.00008882308,0.00035776373,0.00008543603,0.000115470895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009338847,0.00014729181,0.00017336835,0.00013587184,0.0001489821,0.000031481264,0.00042266984,0.00007526562,0.0000101615715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025545158,0.0001606437,0.00005789263,0.00035468524,0.000014737486,0.00042717496,0.00006322896,0.00007435827,0.0000011031907],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019764977,0.00042199713,0.021901766,0.000050953615,0.00012834769,0.00027477668,0.0034158838,0.29246178,0.020588527,0.4874475,0.029129418,0.14398143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052273873,0.00003024691,0.0013055335,0.0000042939673,0.0000015651061,0.000013923003,0.0000087804165,0.93043834,0.01220258,0.00776706,0.047501873,0.00020308534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9426536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9646907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9759896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036516372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014517783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.655086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013000640","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.08.036","title":"The cost of balancing a parabolic trough concentrated solar power plant in the Spanish electricity spot markets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Parabolic trough; Concentrated solar power; Electricity; Cost of electricity by source; Quarter (Canadian coin); Solar power; Load balancing (electrical power); Environmental science; Economics; Environmental economics; Solar energy; Computer science; Electricity generation; Power (physics); Engineering; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.008438280939670001,"score_gpt":0.2047785630198228,"score_spread":0.1963402820801528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013000640","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95901686,0.0020690938,0.0025833193,0.00022287438,0.0009795015,0.00043174135,0.000043539785,0.00011060057,0.034542497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985581,0.00018477566,0.000009652663,0.0006414159,0.00020919627,0.000063632455,0.00003512745,0.00003559431,0.00026247266],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969098,0.0011595639,0.0005394155,0.00030546417,0.00041865295,0.0006670931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817264,0.0007797808,0.00029877355,0.00059226615,0.00007543609,0.00008107671],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014407308,0.00026606,0.00039472798,0.00005301439,0.00025161056,0.000080905156,0.0006548318,0.00017454354,0.000071371935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025568844,0.00015842398,0.00014123748,0.00048465483,0.00009953222,0.000087741195,0.000047729056,0.00029558266,0.000018351904],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0037182712,0.0011501207,0.06477219,0.00016903563,0.0010380769,0.00025370452,0.011499303,0.006714566,0.28351218,0.5376707,0.011885701,0.07761622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020388025,0.00022405206,0.036719516,0.0001180465,0.000044419514,0.00012291403,0.00067145104,0.019690584,0.06590487,0.0022072336,0.87170804,0.0005500797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013145491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0051540434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85982233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060432878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071984534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9934261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015486108","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2006.06.015","title":"The impact of shading design and control on building cooling and lighting demand","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":613,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers","keywords":"Shading; Daylighting; Glazing; Solar gain; Electric light; Computer science; Energy consumption; Cooling load; Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Solar energy; Mechanical engineering; Architectural engineering; Air conditioning; Engineering; Computer graphics (images); Electrical engineering; Civil engineering","score_opus":0.0039937870369868645,"score_gpt":0.19123457090065737,"score_spread":0.18724078386367052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015486108","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37005886,0.0018315063,0.6276774,0.000007947011,0.00005266637,0.00003226964,8.5916565e-7,0.00006840574,0.00027009717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974296,0.00021276307,0.0022464292,0.0000075285643,0.00006346973,0.0000052841197,0.0000012944957,0.00002049016,0.00001314071],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995197,0.000028520803,0.00013848359,0.0000934646,0.000058682217,0.00016114977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996404,0.00019879804,0.00003676059,0.000080428676,0.00001583192,0.000027777454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019071088,0.000102844235,0.000113392874,0.000048874645,0.00014655232,0.00004887671,0.000047994607,0.000055851397,0.0000010701607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014223865,0.00007501609,0.000029389113,0.00007476357,0.000024523373,0.00007026884,0.000011082871,0.000061405146,3.8055568e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018722152,0.0000032966434,0.00041070394,0.0000051703664,0.00003249604,8.659411e-7,0.00001465345,0.9771808,0.012457293,0.0071986183,0.00003749484,0.0026399079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028777035,0.000043955548,0.00051966717,0.00004057167,0.000012709907,0.0000068593763,0.0000053111194,0.97628766,0.021287141,0.0012862247,0.00012226313,0.000099891],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013118402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007836833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6273707,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021783828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062557638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30590674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021302657","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2007.02.006","title":"Simulation of façade and envelope design options for a new institutional building","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Daylighting; Building envelope; HVAC; Sizing; Architectural engineering; Natural ventilation; Computer science; Envelope (radar); Energy consumption; Building science; Electricity; Building design; Automotive engineering; Ventilation (architecture); Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Air conditioning; Thermal; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.02101646885568054,"score_gpt":0.23832284885166463,"score_spread":0.2173063799959841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021302657","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00893403,0.0003445852,0.9903344,0.000009645604,0.00012328498,0.00003988082,0.000001938506,0.000075547156,0.0001367001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8064658,0.0000453934,0.19331211,0.0000150528585,0.00007345729,0.000004350047,0.0000140911725,0.00001118238,0.00005853494],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961734,0.000005096607,0.00013431581,0.00007719388,0.00005781873,0.00010825334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975145,0.00009928133,0.000021383818,0.000058646077,0.000027134502,0.000042122625],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012160669,0.00006628878,0.00007128751,0.00008712092,0.00006613588,0.000009368759,0.000039591123,0.00006932534,0.000005313908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027414702,0.00007251327,0.000023015553,0.00011012812,0.000015677475,0.000116221476,0.000008924761,0.000029833136,8.144847e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010812131,0.000004800248,0.000015884974,0.000008376334,0.000015785345,2.1971664e-7,0.000028214297,0.92533964,0.0041148383,0.056057777,0.00003298085,0.014370671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024689594,0.000019454385,0.00010106061,0.000017124565,0.0000110180445,0.0000016875828,0.000004829652,0.95795864,0.031072512,0.0031656672,0.007307857,0.00009325847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020191235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014167171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7975318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025098087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002425082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29570052},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021639976","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.02.026","title":"Relationship between sunshine duration and solar radiation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sunshine duration; Radiation; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Angstrom; Meteorology; Sky; Transmittance; Optics; Chemistry; Precipitation","score_opus":0.0189569867907958,"score_gpt":0.22864166760785967,"score_spread":0.20968468081706387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021639976","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10128824,0.0007479751,0.8924918,0.0031968711,0.00033121684,0.0002000613,0.000005765063,0.00032378943,0.0014142698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99317825,0.000031582076,0.005572945,0.00054290495,0.00012308409,0.000037205158,0.000048016456,0.000010820511,0.0004551985],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989805,0.00012372958,0.0002638555,0.00026093482,0.00019220186,0.00017877608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991103,0.0002494204,0.000119906515,0.00032070506,0.00007161253,0.0001280902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025653007,0.00012190252,0.00013924857,0.0001189618,0.00022306104,0.00028875226,0.00022402978,0.000110304565,0.000044805463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016209175,0.00011493488,0.000053509768,0.0003040068,0.000022122449,0.0011703585,0.00006167807,0.00011486492,0.00006598413],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002763333,0.000044117587,0.6092778,0.00002027294,0.00014968448,0.0000028852828,0.0011972949,0.00016873349,0.0010256399,0.31764272,0.007365919,0.06310217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041641446,0.000066256136,0.8547339,0.0000032705173,0.00006289524,0.000008672802,0.000015507345,0.045858264,0.003636493,0.053003624,0.041870188,0.00032454845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060372363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004885639,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89189,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031566036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003739111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46869084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023022280","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2003.07.034","title":"Analytical model for the thermal conductance of double-compound honeycomb transparent insulation, with validation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Honeycomb; Materials science; Honeycomb structure; Opacity; Composite material; Thermal; Conductance; Optics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.05256140036463389,"score_gpt":0.23694747243526718,"score_spread":0.1843860720706333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023022280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895193,0.0001300121,0.009017685,0.0008091416,0.000025004227,0.0001162682,0.00001245339,0.000035350902,0.00033475674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99964845,0.000021292502,0.00009686221,0.000075666525,0.000016215607,0.000034668614,0.000020139272,9.814596e-7,0.00008571431],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994977,0.000023597624,0.00012919666,0.00012883147,0.00008813553,0.00013250664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969095,0.00010080257,0.000059720067,0.00005999656,0.00006847488,0.00002005289],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011849854,0.00007527172,0.00011142496,0.0000056397303,0.00013969529,0.000010828437,0.00012850059,0.00007228939,0.000041393425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007785997,0.000023241113,0.000048149683,0.000119864904,0.00008093038,0.00005773762,0.0000047458707,0.000046066907,5.979194e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007664777,0.00030949878,0.020467995,0.000012779168,0.00017940713,0.0000013120483,0.00019206165,0.032779023,0.24687178,0.6879017,0.000055143824,0.010462823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007409586,0.0015097539,0.090436526,0.000058347046,0.00051596755,0.000026277246,0.0008289096,0.5278124,0.31868932,0.037671246,0.013999268,0.0010423798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003922917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003035584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65023047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000066019056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000084969515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.107443735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027167441","doi":"10.1016/s0038-092x(02)00034-8","title":"Single- and multi-tank energy storage for solar heating systems: fundamentals","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Storage tank; Electromagnetic coil; Volume (thermodynamics); Solar energy; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0657270965731041,"score_gpt":0.2780140859129309,"score_spread":0.21228698933982681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027167441","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0337924,0.028629553,0.924547,0.00039260666,0.0029072654,0.0005503782,0.00015374551,0.0010316845,0.007995364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9234613,0.000363854,0.062206138,0.0006484002,0.0006630057,0.0003890349,0.00012543844,0.00022306392,0.011919731],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99670386,0.0005668708,0.00075201335,0.0008424152,0.00035210827,0.0007827349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806273,0.00039673847,0.00030788739,0.00076416717,0.00016790135,0.00030058448],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006245566,0.00047483362,0.00057216414,0.00026471994,0.0004689077,0.00031151107,0.00036006994,0.00034485696,0.00019722719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022468311,0.00048683357,0.000180163,0.0003067138,0.00012258715,0.00039959722,0.000121188576,0.00016365139,0.000023680808],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016018879,0.001462881,0.0012387553,0.0004833354,0.000952633,0.000087958724,0.0038674846,0.016296415,0.34526756,0.14858688,0.005034295,0.4765616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022345278,0.00029268485,0.00007304777,0.00010477289,0.00009097512,0.000079797486,0.0007321156,0.2188113,0.06473786,0.0010240603,0.7108687,0.00095016387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002691184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024096372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88966894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002315784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021319542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030411956","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2012.08.021","title":"Modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry as a latent storage material","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"TRNSYS; Slurry; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Solar energy; Storage tank; Nuclear engineering; Latent heat; Thermal energy; Process engineering; Thermal; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.022678056399487313,"score_gpt":0.23576415876217674,"score_spread":0.21308610236268943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030411956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.872824,0.00035877374,0.12525539,0.000034615805,0.0002813905,0.00006836347,0.000014064082,0.000073661235,0.0010897323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951656,0.000042087428,0.0040707444,0.00007176494,0.00028983544,0.000028668717,0.00005810762,0.000052803607,0.00022042205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882483,0.00010264762,0.0003533284,0.00022027775,0.0001781351,0.00032080183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939156,0.000013864168,0.000092075585,0.00027989162,0.00008428912,0.00013833446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018288718,0.00018273179,0.0002561235,0.00008840689,0.00017717178,0.000042583404,0.00010093175,0.00016007596,0.00013933524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001318938,0.00017630142,0.00006638341,0.00015810289,0.000033406694,0.00026150869,0.000073515504,0.000061102415,0.0000040660075],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023888739,0.00006740718,0.00004393871,0.000021999505,0.00004347363,9.671999e-7,0.0001716945,0.9299414,0.056210313,0.012975891,0.0000018900347,0.0004971225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003201527,0.000024297007,0.0000558726,0.000042290736,0.00005133884,0.000036210688,0.000098683246,0.9869454,0.009539009,0.000095195755,0.002582858,0.00020872687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036442492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018425928,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12234155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049279635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033727374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9699739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039074664","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.05.034","title":"Phase change materials in hot water tank for shifting peak power demand","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Public Works and Government Services Canada; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Sensible heat; Phase change; Thermal; Storage tank; Energy consumption; Process engineering; Energy storage; Power (physics); Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Waste management; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Engineering physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.036307703527377604,"score_gpt":0.2841309324653822,"score_spread":0.24782322893800457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039074664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905744,0.0001974134,0.007220662,0.00007623081,0.0008084309,0.00023170898,0.00007537048,0.0001745069,0.00064123864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983768,0.000042495452,0.00020380136,0.00010816808,0.0006202813,0.000351622,0.00013461703,0.000087716326,0.00007448313],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865174,0.00008304375,0.00025989642,0.00022363111,0.00014337024,0.00063832937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995626,0.00004727764,0.000018550645,0.00024784805,0.000031381827,0.0000923065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064785656,0.00019036065,0.00028364576,0.00018129917,0.00005232287,0.00009834034,0.00019250292,0.000120826924,0.00043316325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047992977,0.0001603216,0.000040525712,0.00007476746,0.000020406704,0.00018921292,0.000075804324,0.000058710928,0.00004124746],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000077889075,0.00004914731,0.0000027021456,0.00010820148,0.000015520052,0.000008649498,0.00058470835,0.0000531154,0.99694186,0.00029920242,0.0002535421,0.0016054291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017315575,0.00012702205,0.00003241368,0.00004248802,0.000005055288,0.0000034620828,0.000019331708,0.0034057952,0.9508779,0.00038165084,0.04313923,0.00023410025],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010646483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010963711,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.046064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059984643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004520416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6537725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040225251","doi":"10.1016/s0038-092x(00)00052-9","title":"The effect of solar radiation on dynamic thermal performance of floor heating systems","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal; Solar energy; Radiation; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Thermal mass; Materials science; Heating system; Passive solar building design; Radiant intensity; Energy consumption; Heat transfer; Thermal radiation; Nuclear engineering; Optics; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0014432441692000149,"score_gpt":0.16105593102867446,"score_spread":0.15961268685947444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040225251","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961667,0.00074165926,0.00149064,0.0000025866284,0.00022181742,0.000042038737,0.0000018091071,0.00006291145,0.0012698515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992862,0.00040798442,0.000042606396,0.0000034245363,0.00003306174,0.000016203572,0.000012621653,0.000020800395,0.0001771064],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999464,0.000047054415,0.0001800652,0.00007009912,0.00011374431,0.0001250519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997124,0.000051999126,0.00004017018,0.0001672624,0.0000118875,0.000016244589],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016522796,0.000091897964,0.00012390254,0.000033409,0.00008306632,0.000010810831,0.00009992408,0.00006221781,0.000012719502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000053284443,0.000067012596,0.00004130482,0.00010808528,0.000016833463,0.00007008406,0.000005049627,0.0000647324,0.0000012975465],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033248205,0.0000032349203,0.00017485146,0.000043411103,0.000024986606,1.2676992e-7,0.000026836866,0.8911185,0.0016619265,0.00013199383,0.0000060520024,0.10677483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001835131,0.00017640858,0.00041111512,0.000057257457,0.000009897062,0.0000011206577,0.0000037174307,0.95338595,0.045167204,0.0000023792056,0.0005364221,0.00006501381],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008826254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005644569,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.106709816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002674703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000056603226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27326941},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041014363","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.01.049","title":"A study of design options for a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system with glazed air collector and multiple inlets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Building-integrated photovoltaics; Photovoltaic system; Roof; Thermal; Environmental science; Inlet; Nuclear engineering; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Thermal efficiency; Solar simulator; Materials science; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.020361514079477616,"score_gpt":0.22124817151712187,"score_spread":0.20088665743764425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041014363","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9072792,0.00015507686,0.090908185,0.000004628099,0.00021366571,0.00088492985,0.000025888301,0.00020434857,0.0003240832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943336,0.0000028695908,0.00450206,0.000038005797,0.00015111706,0.0005595005,0.00002173962,0.00009404688,0.00029701623],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773425,0.0005748987,0.00051581865,0.00048251188,0.0002722312,0.00042031182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821126,0.0006009041,0.00033175643,0.0004364636,0.0002580136,0.00016159074],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005777868,0.00035923766,0.00064737763,0.00020461188,0.0002946237,0.00004476572,0.00024824103,0.0001666952,0.0000119850965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015597098,0.00027696558,0.00009503309,0.00045978703,0.00007199467,0.00011729483,0.000057746915,0.000120650264,0.0000021771227],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003566107,0.0009456885,0.008472926,0.000351085,0.0011172802,0.000027061278,0.004347256,0.06789155,0.90320563,0.0070729973,0.00017466328,0.002827754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.026078233,0.008460088,0.004292633,0.0009385934,0.0005544367,0.00020274386,0.011771602,0.46579602,0.4541418,0.00016724563,0.025843864,0.0017527605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019378733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046205297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44906384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009853444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007856722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041556328","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2009.06.019","title":"Methods to determine stratification efficiency of thermal energy storage processes – Review and theoretical comparison","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":261,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Stratification (seeds); Entropy production; Entropy (arrow of time); Thermal energy storage; Computer science; Thermal stratification; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Physics","score_opus":0.03624106866168555,"score_gpt":0.349906636069712,"score_spread":0.3136655674080265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041556328","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28539208,0.06792414,0.63936573,0.0005365694,0.00018469081,0.000343569,0.000033467146,0.00028982578,0.005929901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935124,0.0016762353,0.004568674,0.00012386107,0.00004540631,0.00002489999,0.000013582214,0.000016598717,0.000018368264],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911785,0.00012905918,0.00025245544,0.00015952869,0.00014159242,0.00019949896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995075,0.000076021184,0.000031154155,0.00021346739,0.00007738082,0.00009448037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032953205,0.0001226012,0.00028644752,0.0000763103,0.00002742035,0.000023978044,0.00016066867,0.000052341235,0.00008900141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012959621,0.00010636672,0.000020204156,0.00025685687,0.000051975312,0.00006366276,0.00002604259,0.000047292608,0.0000012209426],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013198394,0.00006498378,0.0000023718585,0.0007113934,0.000012345295,0.0000022751597,0.00016799761,0.00080175424,0.87229216,0.01376811,0.00014347551,0.11201992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011243124,0.0001950322,0.00007153316,0.0001903592,0.000028532631,0.000004892744,0.000013474846,0.013007139,0.9823368,0.0008365641,0.0030308987,0.00017233331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010081875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000075978687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7081203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001892885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002102894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4337509},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050885989","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.03.013","title":"High temperature and long-term stability of carbon nanotube nanofluids for direct absorption solar thermal collectors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":270,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Nanofluid; Materials science; Nanofluids in solar collectors; Carbon nanotube; Absorption (acoustics); Chemical engineering; Solar energy; Heat transfer; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Nanoparticle; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector","score_opus":0.005913469636472329,"score_gpt":0.18499748691445317,"score_spread":0.17908401727798084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050885989","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996261,0.0011785494,0.0012481145,0.000018760022,0.00059130543,0.00015942207,0.00004220052,0.0001361681,0.0003644818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991893,0.00019855924,0.00011619973,0.000028965645,0.00023212311,0.000047370413,0.000040243616,0.000055417564,0.00009180822],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990208,0.000054410306,0.00025825415,0.00024166412,0.00013912386,0.00028574673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994974,0.000082799816,0.000013504227,0.0002495566,0.00007365866,0.00008306967],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020194304,0.0002181133,0.00034068563,0.00007889483,0.000075400225,0.00002534081,0.00009738492,0.00023526535,0.0000326863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016010797,0.00019908273,0.000100303645,0.00013155643,0.000054091284,0.0000853214,0.000013202616,0.00009676042,4.685689e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058411868,0.000032938828,0.005105199,0.000231216,0.00006867481,5.194071e-7,0.00013458842,0.00025997742,0.99202806,0.00063193106,0.0001048172,0.0013436814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007728892,0.0001885355,0.009629701,0.000043169723,0.00005109707,0.0000016098148,0.000005368461,0.0014961511,0.9864339,0.000055533983,0.0010654235,0.00025662538],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012277707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020899314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0055941497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004731774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024136903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8118358},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058377976","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.11.027","title":"Energy and exergy analyses of a solar-biomass integrated cycle for multigeneration","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Environmental science; Exergy efficiency; Renewable energy; Biomass (ecology); Solar energy; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.009844671547435046,"score_gpt":0.23327770285217236,"score_spread":0.22343303130473732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058377976","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.058739305,0.0012046916,0.9386969,0.000010459402,0.00026433592,0.000029072871,0.000017117984,0.000112015565,0.00092608423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99805653,0.00014441981,0.001151673,0.000025721609,0.00013454801,0.00002515426,0.00009464413,0.00003604735,0.00033123864],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915576,0.000039340524,0.00030517363,0.00018624886,0.000099439094,0.00021406436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995407,0.000051112733,0.000059648773,0.00019585516,0.000077122626,0.000075561235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011905185,0.00017699087,0.0003176814,0.00012229355,0.00006887807,0.000026703708,0.00010989479,0.0001197233,0.000012144015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001765025,0.00015747685,0.000119533914,0.00013204777,0.00003854373,0.00007499222,0.000016258678,0.00003255238,6.128471e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009038652,0.00008453027,0.00015737333,0.00023005473,0.0007340437,0.0000015844118,0.00039490702,0.09087074,0.74383336,0.028387526,0.0012448131,0.13397065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038278956,0.000063416286,0.000043756034,0.000029643794,0.000067801106,0.0000024065484,0.00009565862,0.8926728,0.090802684,0.0013590513,0.014276182,0.00020384675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018392922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056110095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9393172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020350026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001279095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.642172},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063117960","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003","title":"Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Polymer Science and PVC","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory; McGill University","keywords":"Polysulfone; Materials science; Absorption of water; Ultimate tensile strength; Polyamide; Polybutylene terephthalate; Composite material; Creep; Polymer; Polybutylene succinate; Polyester","score_opus":0.007545687995276976,"score_gpt":0.2061067795236145,"score_spread":0.19856109152833754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063117960","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983768,0.0004775598,0.00008924551,0.00030557247,0.00016622762,0.000028927014,0.000005654001,0.00003098137,0.00051904994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985119,0.0001669397,0.0003660443,0.00030176455,0.000075880635,0.000007035697,0.0000031143547,0.000010201555,0.0005571112],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870306,0.000045424644,0.00028829387,0.0002883452,0.00022741362,0.0004474321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995671,0.000016742986,0.00004953505,0.00024520647,0.000022587968,0.000098819284],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000298275,0.0001312631,0.0002096308,0.00013414813,0.00006634993,0.000028054645,0.0002764195,0.00008547551,0.00021908939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000111891,0.00009668839,0.000030680254,0.00017770835,0.00011461121,0.00042602138,0.00013615839,0.00007395273,0.000041136373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007521186,0.000041113035,0.00045898958,0.0000067310666,0.000001978457,0.0000030106285,0.00020597312,0.000037303744,0.98975796,0.001576078,0.0000128633155,0.007822784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003133523,0.0001028125,0.0028657613,0.000018111554,0.0000039822758,0.000014768102,0.000019033441,0.0018145717,0.9927803,0.000089031324,0.0018349867,0.00014324624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010246767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037513388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007679537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023333278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000382471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3942838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067512920","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2008.10.018","title":"Optimal design of a forced circulation solar water heating system for a residential unit in cold climate using TRNSYS","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":202,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University","keywords":"TRNSYS; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Solar energy; Nuclear engineering; Solar water heating; Mass flow rate; Volumetric flow rate; Storage tank; Volume (thermodynamics); Storage water heater; Meteorology; Passive solar building design; Materials science; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Water heater; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.05230805982984547,"score_gpt":0.24956325826640866,"score_spread":0.1972551984365632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067512920","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8536998,0.0001312847,0.14515847,0.0000033200713,0.00032572728,0.00037019144,0.000014634202,0.000087669425,0.00020888889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99617857,0.000009785324,0.0032016935,0.000018923265,0.00025519775,0.00011443822,0.000049443748,0.000076872864,0.00009504934],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976208,0.00039202234,0.0007677852,0.00034655016,0.00028244275,0.00059038424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907696,0.0001346161,0.00026231015,0.0003056382,0.00013970914,0.000080759186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071268,0.0002486946,0.0004991432,0.00022941681,0.00028692998,0.000029286542,0.00018817467,0.00023077564,0.000025412037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003799813,0.00021949394,0.00017372005,0.00023189014,0.0000432305,0.00021864111,0.00005856309,0.000096458854,0.000005296569],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002609765,0.000028615883,0.001736632,0.00017796936,0.000055038192,0.000026339629,0.0008810083,0.40956724,0.58575815,0.0014466962,0.0000035134215,0.000057813046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017474617,0.000111557245,0.00023131444,0.00027747583,0.000045263863,0.000106328094,0.00037834467,0.4319656,0.5643934,0.00006290217,0.00038768433,0.0002926801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01511514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039615677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14247878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011934777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000073760835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9914433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067809747","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.07.022","title":"Multi-objective optimization of a novel solar-based multigeneration energy system","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Multi-objective optimization; Process engineering; Absorption refrigerator; Desalination; Sorting; Environmental science; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Engineering; Refrigeration; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Algorithm","score_opus":0.007099160912866297,"score_gpt":0.1950236087757905,"score_spread":0.1879244478629242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067809747","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002447748,0.00022788662,0.9952206,0.0000038855683,0.0005250203,0.000036812187,0.000013408429,0.00024672152,0.0012778966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984141,0.000015960872,0.015351876,0.000025223957,0.0001538447,0.000024899135,0.00008718901,0.000049442788,0.00015057926],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900675,0.000056483485,0.00034813423,0.00020307272,0.00016990617,0.00021563462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994239,0.000033580254,0.000091269954,0.00026488167,0.00011485668,0.00007146895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001467213,0.000195427,0.00029717086,0.00013096353,0.000077622884,0.000022930872,0.0001413752,0.00014897315,0.000009766573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015894377,0.00019143158,0.00013115359,0.00015959119,0.000027109256,0.00008033084,0.000013134734,0.000057540346,0.0000020866735],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011420598,0.00004817451,0.000019206338,0.00006164069,0.000068272515,4.1684288e-7,0.000083555395,0.9699788,0.024914872,0.003341528,0.0000281046,0.0014439923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072494725,0.000036296224,0.000025958083,0.00007251598,0.000039061753,0.0000020671291,0.00012359445,0.98134434,0.01684347,0.0000049613486,0.0005781139,0.00020468929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00089328614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9816932,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000806058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000258007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78063536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067910687","doi":"10.1115/isec2005-76173","title":"Non-Isothermal, Flat-Plate Liquid-Desiccant Regenerators: A Numerical Study","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Regenerative heat exchanger; Desiccant; Air conditioning; Isothermal process; Mass transfer; Materials science; Solar energy; Process engineering; Liquid desiccant; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.019231286647357532,"score_gpt":0.28063116186707715,"score_spread":0.26139987521971964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067910687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84258777,0.0014267635,0.12626638,0.0015100886,0.0017176643,0.0006418577,0.000021525697,0.0012902133,0.024537738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9712673,0.000040794217,0.021346059,0.0010100806,0.0015008241,0.00020097649,0.000036381534,0.0001934667,0.004404137],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996317,0.00063480483,0.00078709994,0.0008979578,0.0005582476,0.00080486265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977908,0.000102960745,0.0002283807,0.0013651819,0.00015329332,0.00035939616],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076658657,0.0005064513,0.00056622515,0.00026127,0.0002819665,0.00013659593,0.0007110663,0.00028057076,0.0010783735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008286947,0.00047389136,0.00021308163,0.0006415777,0.000077791075,0.00037467937,0.000164088,0.00034474686,0.0006454976],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023291071,0.0054684626,0.005472606,0.00006618355,0.0021808848,0.0007274441,0.014329498,0.088869005,0.5463985,0.067955315,0.021526933,0.24467607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020771464,0.00081475795,0.0008773255,0.00002285875,0.00010351313,0.000061015446,0.00033557104,0.01088428,0.35457245,0.00042567897,0.62875456,0.0010708607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018134867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002802328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6072276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002037141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013047551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078781712","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2010.09.010","title":"Thermal response of a series- and parallel-connected solar energy storage to multi-day charge sequences","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Storage tank; Stratification (seeds); Energy storage; Thermal; Mechanics; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Thermal stratification; Thermodynamics; Physics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.013732782921463856,"score_gpt":0.22642709421553828,"score_spread":0.21269431129407443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078781712","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948207,0.00051189354,0.0018780755,0.00017777878,0.0010163329,0.00013352584,0.00006837172,0.00019818387,0.0011951313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99213856,0.000048478978,0.0009729211,0.00045834965,0.00036293527,0.000112479065,0.00003725946,0.00009236121,0.0057766484],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99699014,0.0008061987,0.00057524396,0.00061690796,0.00036957386,0.0006419118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981072,0.0003044697,0.00028807035,0.00074989226,0.00017294528,0.00037742977],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009791031,0.00044489262,0.00060367514,0.00023228307,0.00023201216,0.00006843115,0.0004865332,0.00038777624,0.00067616213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003807072,0.0003855332,0.00016851288,0.00041084393,0.00018545668,0.0002926683,0.00017214176,0.0002753361,0.000039052957],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001381069,0.00010681271,0.0008698495,0.000023086706,0.0001447694,0.000070148344,0.001705549,0.0005266405,0.98039365,0.010459023,0.00013972294,0.0041796975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018921859,0.00073642883,0.007956368,0.00008456306,0.00005579808,0.00012074564,0.0003967642,0.0036519982,0.6626751,0.00037862716,0.32102513,0.0010263172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017577989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008047058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32088542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033444998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012632181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079971998","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2010.06.013","title":"Modeling, design and thermal performance of a BIPV/T system thermally coupled with a ventilated concrete slab in a low energy solar house: Part 1, BIPV/T system and house energy concept","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Building-integrated photovoltaics; Photovoltaic system; Zero-energy building; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Solar energy; Thermal energy storage; Energy consumption; Passive solar building design; Thermal mass; Thermal; Electricity; Meteorology; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.008754651744630837,"score_gpt":0.1805485572165675,"score_spread":0.17179390547193668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079971998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866232,0.0026980971,0.008741598,0.000009963681,0.00054793,0.0003133264,0.000027099855,0.00068457157,0.00035421387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980621,0.00028920211,0.00031616355,0.00009769902,0.0003150635,0.00028377565,0.000028616285,0.00035967,0.00024772898],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954264,0.00067848596,0.001212253,0.0010071258,0.00065880717,0.0010169002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974784,0.0002017005,0.00065382087,0.00096838194,0.00030052065,0.00039712372],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085941615,0.00085571234,0.0013307357,0.00036520534,0.00029193796,0.00014548584,0.000545951,0.0006782854,0.00003507766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028045335,0.00070229714,0.00015675479,0.00057986897,0.00036230043,0.0004164543,0.00017793164,0.00044927746,0.000005047059],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005656602,0.00021769525,0.004467726,0.0018878074,0.0015641083,0.0006736984,0.004552779,0.2740665,0.66515905,0.033137243,0.000051959978,0.008564851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003420113,0.0006708208,0.00013957791,0.0012778393,0.00014505126,0.00042871237,0.0005720869,0.90961194,0.08104605,0.000011114509,0.0017579109,0.00091879535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030857002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029932705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63554543,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112277805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026797107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99954283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082740279","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.05.031","title":"Scale-up analysis and exergoeconomic assessment of large scale photo-catalytic hydrogen production plants","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Exergy; Production (economics); Hydrogen; Environmental science; Process engineering; Scale (ratio); Kinetic energy; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.006234298232995342,"score_gpt":0.2597378095829131,"score_spread":0.2535035113499178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082740279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97373044,0.00008749156,0.021745024,0.000030129404,0.000119863085,0.00014067609,0.000034143002,0.00018522021,0.003927019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949508,0.00016183172,0.0032315769,0.000069731,0.00009451979,0.00009483789,0.00030444056,0.000046908724,0.0010453562],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813884,0.00012122814,0.00050255394,0.00065400795,0.0002212188,0.00036212365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858415,0.000050702223,0.00031081372,0.000869286,0.00006164633,0.00012341805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046445703,0.00026349886,0.00062957656,0.0004450915,0.00011697489,0.00002176133,0.00025469536,0.0001424747,0.000101941994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026518195,0.00024191011,0.00020259563,0.0004589488,0.0001029493,0.00026201634,0.0001458632,0.00011948976,0.000007930277],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027587463,0.0011268508,0.07326364,0.00026713038,0.0044627716,0.000007698516,0.0014458623,0.025217574,0.7613386,0.009892361,0.0006278179,0.122073814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040458262,0.000067629495,0.004687129,0.000022537797,0.00048709306,0.000007795845,0.00007143358,0.020636648,0.9588403,0.0027409303,0.011682488,0.0003514367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001635447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006217941,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19750169,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010531994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032312884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9864808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083458437","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2012.10.001","title":"Negative buoyant plume model for solar domestic hot water tank systems incorporating a vertical inlet","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Carleton University; McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Plume; Inlet; Environmental science; Mechanics; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Oceanography; Physics","score_opus":0.026371429497708557,"score_gpt":0.24478624590490766,"score_spread":0.21841481640719912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083458437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.511877,0.0016526099,0.47758818,0.000108414795,0.003561552,0.00084363716,0.000114715396,0.00054355705,0.0037103228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945714,0.000008762698,0.0008889686,0.00032030354,0.0013775558,0.00053388195,0.00012974096,0.00014064925,0.0020287738],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99688154,0.00030196927,0.0007151893,0.00047424802,0.00043447397,0.0011925751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984479,0.00028352975,0.00016269376,0.0004883558,0.00018800613,0.00042954006],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00075428304,0.0004729599,0.0006412872,0.00012969552,0.00035640007,0.0001265408,0.0003368997,0.00036476945,0.000058840895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017335144,0.000345794,0.00024220195,0.00018034512,0.00011062881,0.00045835762,0.00015325919,0.00024613278,0.0001445795],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013530222,0.00073774613,0.00338758,0.00068909436,0.0012652378,0.00007927607,0.013652771,0.13383187,0.68289053,0.15583216,0.0022477342,0.004032974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017022522,0.00020042202,0.000078967874,0.00014676402,0.00015588268,0.00012543527,0.0005125908,0.8656723,0.10232289,0.0050949887,0.023065375,0.00092212076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004261917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003143444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73184043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001801895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008117299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084141154","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2006.03.003","title":"Modeling of heat and mass transfer in parallel plate liquid-desiccant dehumidifiers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquid desiccant; Mass transfer; Laminar flow; Air conditioning; Mechanics; Desiccant; Work (physics); Thermodynamics; Air mass (solar energy); Heat transfer; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.008309239652460597,"score_gpt":0.18171281195080594,"score_spread":0.17340357229834533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084141154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5360506,0.0012001568,0.46156192,0.000010623818,0.00007890133,0.000026300686,0.000002252283,0.00006327835,0.0010059236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99932355,0.00020571415,0.00029960476,0.000013476779,0.00004178749,0.000008070683,0.0000053166027,0.000021637841,0.00008087239],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994384,0.000016220953,0.00021626383,0.00009933517,0.00007325833,0.00015652791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998595,0.000007949659,0.0000040289983,0.000086263426,0.000010542161,0.000031718508],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006812163,0.00009383575,0.00015217818,0.00007598713,0.00001486622,0.000007958459,0.000045476558,0.00007423459,0.000005443126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011227721,0.00009566653,0.000031978765,0.000072412804,0.000012240567,0.00005078569,0.0000037917166,0.00006129205,0.0000010139021],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019225485,0.0000057113666,0.000055715867,0.000033735392,0.0000081893595,0.0000038296243,0.00008267856,0.96766627,0.028646674,0.003387204,0.000009188646,0.00008159034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033389556,0.00001882711,0.000019039335,0.000039361046,0.0000045574884,0.0000034096245,0.000052824536,0.99074477,0.007773013,0.00037451682,0.0005176316,0.00011814761],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008443943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035482505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46327287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022240869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007616307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3901168},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085483809","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2010.02.008","title":"Investigation of the flow field inside flat-plate collector tube using PIV technique","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Reynolds number; Particle image velocimetry; Tube (container); Mechanics; Heat transfer; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Optics; Flow velocity; Physics; Turbulence; Composite material","score_opus":0.006872694056226166,"score_gpt":0.18006699147055427,"score_spread":0.1731942974143281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085483809","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97904366,0.00005798672,0.018404149,0.000060173887,0.0009477077,0.00009432556,0.000008252934,0.000099658755,0.0012841045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991473,0.000014105441,0.008198917,0.000087003944,0.00008246469,0.000011356897,0.000005039686,0.000025997397,0.000102081474],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999512,0.000015272513,0.0001564552,0.00009090828,0.00009691615,0.00012843567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996199,0.00003110739,0.000025534844,0.00025399413,0.000031884865,0.00003757107],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007585479,0.00009821793,0.00010245415,0.00005673791,0.000058015838,0.000015498104,0.00013490369,0.00013767554,0.000033478704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003151889,0.00008058754,0.000056536326,0.00019516564,0.000025965714,0.000059536404,0.000037968013,0.00019786337,0.0000010420167],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020793188,0.0000020200334,0.00045156846,0.000017815099,0.000017061506,0.0000011778958,0.000054530658,0.06880412,0.9282689,0.0015719915,0.00034795346,0.00046077956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006064504,0.000007885696,0.00014588574,0.000017484721,0.0000065668946,0.0000048525,8.9271447e-7,0.6036135,0.39360216,0.00093673,0.0015307372,0.00007269981],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022363548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046739946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53480935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001944548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003387581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32862645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085822319","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2003.08.013","title":"Workplane illuminance prediction method for daylighting control systems","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Daylighting; Illuminance; Daylight; Electric light; Radiosity (computer graphics); Sky; Overcast; Environmental science; Glazing; Transmission (telecommunications); Optics; Computer science; Meteorology; Physics; Engineering; Telecommunications; Architectural engineering","score_opus":0.005088067556860966,"score_gpt":0.19043406630577506,"score_spread":0.18534599874891408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085822319","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009413846,0.0010681587,0.9938815,0.0000066980324,0.0011370793,0.00006870632,0.000013729934,0.00029152897,0.002591164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96738404,0.00008851873,0.031284444,0.000042046635,0.00019930709,0.00015143928,0.00004574139,0.000044944856,0.00075954245],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999385,0.000036764628,0.00016909442,0.00013648355,0.000073103176,0.00019958377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969953,0.00005803645,0.000033314045,0.00013931553,0.0000320538,0.000037741305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020754045,0.000109620676,0.00013769553,0.000046884317,0.00008959697,0.000028209384,0.000060451828,0.000108596396,0.0000063447123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002457555,0.0001122428,0.00004159244,0.00011082886,0.000006384098,0.000093052426,0.0000028196525,0.000055210538,6.0027463e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000050481244,0.000005414286,0.000044517084,0.000022452261,0.00003356648,6.434301e-7,0.000019236184,0.95528156,0.0008274388,0.0402161,0.00066874217,0.002875261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034968005,0.000018546885,0.000008103851,0.000025791238,0.000018674487,0.000010622136,0.000017151382,0.83877313,0.004072289,0.0002213139,0.15637213,0.00011258464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020487547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000075200974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96644264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036669513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008986927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45771286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086614763","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2013.12.040","title":"Energy modeling of photovoltaic thermal systems with corrugated unglazed transpired solar collectors – Part 1: Model development and validation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Building-integrated photovoltaics; Computational fluid dynamics; Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Meteorology; Solar energy; Nusselt number; Turbulence; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.018882280633579447,"score_gpt":0.1926476867775098,"score_spread":0.17376540614393035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086614763","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8527327,0.0005653846,0.14226037,0.0000066522393,0.0003734319,0.00022129371,0.00001669626,0.00020679143,0.0036166508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975203,0.00004633406,0.0004458974,0.00007267849,0.00016023529,0.00026010047,0.00016616206,0.00011934464,0.001208938],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970258,0.00037206998,0.0008470756,0.00059635646,0.00055778667,0.0006009206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985545,0.00009571559,0.0003904658,0.0004693658,0.00024412294,0.0002458137],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005558485,0.00048724425,0.0007266818,0.00021121338,0.0002907376,0.000079244805,0.000271143,0.00029582687,0.000024737603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023743816,0.00040483876,0.00010501535,0.0004035734,0.00008569662,0.00021780755,0.000045891014,0.00013429117,0.0000028773595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047798513,0.00011788884,0.00069806975,0.00014008296,0.00035372956,0.00000607241,0.0013013583,0.8541021,0.13482285,0.0039504897,0.000026730148,0.0040026847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014724401,0.00012281444,0.000025382707,0.00015588301,0.00007814743,0.000016628572,0.00012511463,0.79454505,0.19261113,0.0001287374,0.010243855,0.00047482358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014726793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016256758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14478758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000984539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001868421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094602751","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2014.01.022","title":"Development and validation of a hybrid PV/Thermal air based collector model with impinging jets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal; Photovoltaic system; Air mass (solar energy); Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Solar thermal collector; Mechanics; Solar energy; Heat transfer coefficient; Thermal energy; Heat transfer; Materials science; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.011869089252374858,"score_gpt":0.19400423183592105,"score_spread":0.18213514258354618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094602751","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9251191,0.00005428429,0.0715637,0.000018629244,0.00006582793,0.000061521,0.000003744955,0.000066334105,0.0030468777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99390334,0.0000012659947,0.005305406,0.00015998325,0.0000640956,0.000038075275,0.00003269831,0.00003915434,0.0004559699],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989423,0.00009282197,0.00026091075,0.00023994244,0.00022592748,0.00023805973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994037,0.000058252448,0.00016719729,0.00021019997,0.00007181231,0.00008884427],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024323152,0.00017703464,0.00024280093,0.00009684854,0.000121835576,0.000018347439,0.0001072671,0.00005014155,0.000028971328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022789747,0.00014640247,0.000038947575,0.00012903621,0.00003394575,0.00007979038,0.00003020433,0.000055628636,0.0000033903568],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033206705,0.00011446961,0.0029257783,0.00015487122,0.00018127056,0.000010077493,0.0012116914,0.65109617,0.32604733,0.0042706374,0.00007398854,0.013581687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077993225,0.000063442836,0.00031328105,0.00007631852,0.000017319657,0.0000104728015,0.000027095073,0.31218076,0.67370135,0.00009152231,0.012523599,0.0002148951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007915521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017269026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34765404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004173352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001064653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5970119},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111863050","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.033","title":"Experimental performance evaluation of a combined solar system to produce cooling and potable water","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Evaporator; Condenser (optics); Solar energy; Environmental science; Solar desalination; Evaporative cooler; Photovoltaic system; Evaporation; Water cooling; Materials science; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Heat exchanger; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.013844322220235164,"score_gpt":0.22265945524299366,"score_spread":0.2088151330227585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2111863050","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890147,0.0011802983,0.0070322454,0.000005949293,0.0004124759,0.00009323605,0.0000018271412,0.000089367655,0.0021699325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996126,0.000005239823,0.000100852674,0.0000075888643,0.000070906644,0.000030833868,0.000011375328,0.000021965196,0.00013863207],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917245,0.000036914647,0.00019966475,0.00013835033,0.0002632355,0.0001893861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959457,0.0000036441245,0.00001945843,0.00016922085,0.00011489335,0.00009819472],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048436932,0.000113362665,0.0001917356,0.000060761053,0.000041465726,0.000018431649,0.00008131914,0.00004613435,0.000008016937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000057154257,0.00009166253,0.000027116293,0.00006272617,0.000012879335,0.00008857425,0.000030594223,0.00003681503,0.000010798587],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022074119,0.00008239403,0.00041219877,0.0003136777,0.00024784973,0.0000031335646,0.0074500046,0.72043836,0.26291907,0.0010422352,0.0008009614,0.006069366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055989414,0.000104853105,0.000052910327,0.00008433571,0.000046559897,0.000009029896,0.0018611293,0.770573,0.226026,0.000010599713,0.00050990406,0.00016176181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015834052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005086292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050134663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000722651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020443898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37378895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113771121","doi":"10.1115/isec2004-65135","title":"Feasibility of Usage Possibility in Turkey of Solar Driven Ejector-Absorption Cooling System","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Meteorology; Solar energy; Refrigeration; Solar air conditioning; Solar irradiance; Refrigerant; Atmospheric sciences; Renewable energy; Absorption refrigerator; Heat exchanger; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01343093817186591,"score_gpt":0.22413513417060443,"score_spread":0.21070419599873852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113771121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.974074,0.00009447302,0.024697356,0.000007910088,0.00037594212,0.0000786046,0.000016318623,0.00032920923,0.00032619762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982587,0.000017623122,0.0016282117,0.000002007601,0.000047173005,0.000009818495,0.000018094526,0.000013256191,0.000005129565],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990941,0.000039741324,0.00039823915,0.00017224511,0.00014676647,0.00014885758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945563,0.000032308493,0.00007883921,0.00033985695,0.00006850158,0.000024881385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022181224,0.0001134567,0.00023823333,0.00013998235,0.000029570394,0.000011847166,0.00014305997,0.00015967479,0.0000081592725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008018831,0.00011414397,0.0000699195,0.00024698206,0.00006440251,0.00014639569,0.0000291558,0.00012899264,0.0000019935626],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002177921,0.00008826531,0.008810101,0.00043140195,0.00002977436,0.000004588079,0.00029675133,0.6495857,0.32815754,0.0120519595,0.000022128866,0.0005000134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011701633,0.000097601966,0.027509302,0.00051381683,0.000014044309,0.0000045801185,0.0004966785,0.060141057,0.90579134,0.0038556668,0.000091386326,0.00031433726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044950529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019956988,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58944464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021368123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037092526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4654656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119326746","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.010","title":"Concentrated solar power on demand","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Heliostat; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Molten salt; Solar energy; Volume (thermodynamics); Aperture (computer memory); Nuclear engineering; Energy storage; Storage tank; Sunlight; Thermal; Roof; Materials science; Power (physics); Waste management; Meteorology; Optics; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.023936983406400898,"score_gpt":0.20776928164421815,"score_spread":0.18383229823781724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119326746","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47348806,0.0009374816,0.0016631559,0.000030222069,0.0021457796,0.00014217893,0.000019260997,0.00048504872,0.5210888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99458003,0.000036151625,0.0000695276,0.00093342364,0.00020996165,0.000027371683,0.000026380934,0.00006164903,0.0040555084],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983507,0.00020107422,0.0003123092,0.00037879366,0.00025622765,0.0005009089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999042,0.000048828653,0.00013959911,0.0004946027,0.00007290783,0.00020211512],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018983509,0.0002751605,0.00028602846,0.00007265167,0.00014876477,0.00003276944,0.00029972373,0.0002214858,0.0031361822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003791417,0.00023118376,0.00014226639,0.00019922924,0.00006735588,0.00011520973,0.00004421659,0.00016183069,0.00068883237],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018871806,0.0014779349,0.016801704,0.000073558884,0.0014318725,0.00091515254,0.0115063405,0.00078577927,0.24507336,0.6731105,0.01511533,0.031821292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013158967,0.00047605933,0.0038887556,0.000072638046,0.000040194845,0.000050773466,0.00025521754,0.0004665367,0.3909601,0.004841179,0.5969381,0.0006946103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006073134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037516342,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6682693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004418235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003840276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126312297","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2004.03.012","title":"Domestic hydrogen production using renewable energy","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Hydrogen production; Solar energy; Meteorology; Environmental engineering; Hydrogen; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.015583512138159577,"score_gpt":0.23342627081516715,"score_spread":0.21784275867700756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126312297","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.025818586,0.00044306586,0.9702595,0.00034302112,0.0011688704,0.00004153779,0.000001096678,0.00030096006,0.001623379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794938,0.00007216962,0.018226657,0.0007746173,0.00032507442,0.000010457444,0.000008987106,0.000021202797,0.0010670188],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883175,0.000054983346,0.00018577681,0.00039031787,0.0002491817,0.00028797818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991617,0.00001480376,0.000085846,0.00054772035,0.00006945418,0.000120479475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014392553,0.00013962771,0.00012683892,0.00013816357,0.00021251559,0.00009349874,0.00040781937,0.000082868726,0.000012310423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049023318,0.0001440366,0.00006615057,0.000610614,0.00002816504,0.00048623292,0.00009609806,0.00006127685,0.000013437624],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008370489,0.00017911187,0.0002305262,0.000011529659,0.0000586556,0.000047750742,0.0005272113,0.7368782,0.12904231,0.12429531,0.0008013704,0.0079196105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006610989,0.00009321985,0.0000970242,0.000032540473,0.000019663825,0.00031963017,0.00001886902,0.11844574,0.64862734,0.094087765,0.13705397,0.00054315367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005584455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005711525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9536752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014496657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021211007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8442063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151771380","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2011.05.006","title":"Estimating the uncertainty in long-term photovoltaic yield predictions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Dirt; Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Irradiance; Uncertainty analysis; Term (time); Yield (engineering); Reliability (semiconductor); Standard deviation; Meteorology; Reliability engineering; Statistics; Power (physics); Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.02966218202205852,"score_gpt":0.2393590112056652,"score_spread":0.20969682918360666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151771380","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07368073,0.00023502551,0.9164463,0.00017935183,0.0014813071,0.00016142003,0.0000045805928,0.0002978475,0.0075134304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99231064,0.00001723791,0.0064220703,0.0008225886,0.000102608996,0.000050478324,0.0000052919386,0.000011098814,0.00025795522],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989457,0.000082892686,0.00022936963,0.0002760246,0.0001892467,0.0002767479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909407,0.00011366146,0.00008210283,0.00058557163,0.000044731427,0.00007989072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002675871,0.00012575123,0.000109310764,0.00010433242,0.00020623925,0.00008583517,0.0007472191,0.000077562574,0.000090317386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009146001,0.00009785607,0.000065451306,0.00051088893,0.000047715082,0.00030717018,0.00014189335,0.00019468075,0.000021931532],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068340116,0.0014133225,0.45455518,0.00010163955,0.00030316875,0.0003152927,0.042120922,0.076688595,0.014617909,0.25079632,0.008668704,0.15035062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029852788,0.00007114402,0.10981433,0.000043563912,0.000008744894,0.000036559515,0.000040061037,0.87718,0.0040367763,0.006678749,0.0015390009,0.00025258178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023039556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021977047,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91862994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005085934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000086510685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39904547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2188134031","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.035","title":"Development and analysis of a solar and wind energy based multigeneration system","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Turbine; Solver; Process engineering; Solar energy; Efficient energy use; Wind power; Automotive engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.009677663005172355,"score_gpt":0.19196867369829188,"score_spread":0.1822910106931195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2188134031","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4513448,0.002388381,0.545024,0.0000046578616,0.00013477581,0.000021682012,0.000007105219,0.00009789978,0.0009767107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99810916,0.000027154658,0.0016421507,0.000013591162,0.00003164399,0.0000052173586,0.000054743447,0.000016244672,0.000100076795],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927324,0.000030433412,0.00026102376,0.00015183694,0.0001442032,0.00013928655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963355,0.000014146078,0.000044845245,0.00013807497,0.00005188877,0.00011750946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015455377,0.000132077,0.0003015636,0.00020550659,0.000045128036,0.000023157205,0.00005626739,0.00008089089,0.0000028497977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000045362763,0.00012263775,0.000051750027,0.00021672074,0.000022271282,0.000049364793,0.000016343074,0.000029325782,4.8324273e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008220209,0.00008397532,0.00419877,0.00037858475,0.0050091594,0.000023449047,0.0040720506,0.8848859,0.023945726,0.018990027,0.000347675,0.05798245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002987154,0.000015910282,0.0006526213,0.000029577033,0.000299008,0.0000019496858,0.00056245324,0.9876514,0.005199016,0.000010828071,0.0051040347,0.00017449132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00049816386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002999663,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5467644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045743403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032759708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5001022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2189858888","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2015.09.033","title":"Development and assessment of a low cost sensor for solar heat flux measurements in buildings","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Building Technologies Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Pyranometer; Calibration; Solar energy; Environmental science; Flux (metallurgy); Sensitivity (control systems); Remote sensing; Heat flux; Passive solar building design; Thermal; Materials science; Meteorology; Heat transfer; Physics; Thermodynamics; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03746704066953254,"score_gpt":0.2537871941173041,"score_spread":0.21632015344777156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2189858888","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36934125,0.00035524258,0.6282441,0.00003031523,0.00034935345,0.00018752489,0.0000052025116,0.000113999304,0.0013729983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87911624,0.000028302315,0.12056904,0.00003775792,0.000025985793,0.000078246674,0.000036775942,0.000029241339,0.00007839645],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930114,0.000013888431,0.000213481,0.00013358195,0.00015673992,0.00018120198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997317,0.000013547674,0.000022305165,0.00010034693,0.00006090239,0.000071166105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002506434,0.00011652013,0.00016139109,0.00009755589,0.000029668012,0.000016021,0.00006644012,0.000076860226,0.000003132882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013286632,0.00012214278,0.000021061485,0.00010983538,0.000011679055,0.000093937866,0.000024496401,0.00005501779,1.3785932e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016639488,0.000049424118,0.0022276107,0.000078940415,0.000055253626,0.000001052244,0.00022171768,0.97304577,0.0068283323,0.0014276976,0.00027272347,0.015774865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022812567,0.000064316235,0.00078259094,0.0001792412,0.000020665397,0.000005827583,0.00013249289,0.70529467,0.21937755,0.00024553755,0.07117396,0.00044191157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037142494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010542064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.509775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012750275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006407702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4980838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2198074607","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.038","title":"Solar molten salt heated membrane reformer for natural gas upgrading and hydrogen generation: A CFD model","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","keywords":"Molten salt; Materials science; Hydrogen; Endothermic process; Volumetric flow rate; Isothermal process; Methane; Heat transfer; Steam reforming; Natural gas; Hydrogen production; Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.027768996977635123,"score_gpt":0.24566633964374865,"score_spread":0.21789734266611352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2198074607","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94444203,0.0031902741,0.048979446,0.00041398202,0.00044347017,0.00030609107,0.000055482364,0.000467249,0.0017019605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99198836,0.00005224562,0.0048148297,0.00013696792,0.0005083465,0.00006928516,0.00037799482,0.00009557724,0.0019563797],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851143,0.000017481174,0.00033510223,0.00038734276,0.00026543293,0.0004831809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919456,0.000029085075,0.00007512897,0.00031385603,0.00011661522,0.00027072546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029006443,0.00026926657,0.00034052326,0.00013206298,0.0001138791,0.000033066815,0.00017311895,0.00017826709,0.0000050013177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013770029,0.00023488057,0.00013050038,0.00018935502,0.00003242074,0.00037654737,0.00010068169,0.0001844262,0.0000034448444],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054139688,0.000018925042,0.0000061974933,0.00005001317,0.00012386659,0.0000068447557,0.0003184621,0.039801642,0.9535733,0.0023537343,0.00014505767,0.0035478037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057125476,0.000019971496,1.1594835e-7,0.0000131268025,0.0000337475,0.00004026762,0.00002045786,0.5328564,0.46314254,0.0003793225,0.0027324527,0.00019035682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030663534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008379271,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49305475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022942947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006533727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9578152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2235487553","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.050","title":"An analytical model for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using a new empirical expression of space dependent photocarrier generation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Expression (computer science); Solar cell; Space (punctuation); Heterojunction; Rate equation; Distribution (mathematics); Empirical modelling; Basis (linear algebra); Materials science; Biological system; Computational physics; Computer science; Physics; Optoelectronics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Simulation; Biology; Geometry; Kinetics","score_opus":0.029086780545366845,"score_gpt":0.25787428941674334,"score_spread":0.2287875088713765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2235487553","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37341255,0.00006606803,0.6262116,0.000013944542,0.0001510005,0.000075266165,0.0000112078205,0.00004765799,0.000010728487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99591887,0.00010030321,0.0033565694,0.00003677381,0.00027575673,0.0000074351224,0.000015225643,0.000071221475,0.00021786882],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998977,0.000026595046,0.00025342006,0.00025378083,0.00018640794,0.0003027788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994063,0.000022624277,0.000050364742,0.0003012361,0.0000616193,0.00015788333],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001173408,0.00017603872,0.00019814294,0.00008050291,0.000062792584,0.000026053072,0.000115158204,0.00019235932,0.00006764201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001238323,0.00014239257,0.000083342034,0.000110336194,0.000013536326,0.00017809466,0.00002259943,0.00008133681,0.0000018036918],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002267838,0.000026538415,0.000017738654,0.0000107180595,0.000020349407,4.7363164e-7,0.00007984001,0.08458684,0.91424805,0.000081531885,0.00045941403,0.00044581754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002513978,0.00006404094,5.279723e-7,0.00000907461,0.000021062044,0.0000017403468,0.0000027082847,0.48736212,0.51143557,0.00024395254,0.0005079315,0.00009990674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045013363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015754817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.622855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016654232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012913217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58066005},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2270019682","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2016.01.042","title":"Cathode deposition, paramagnetic defect formation and performance degradation in polymer–fullerene solar cells","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Plasmionique (Canada); Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; China Scholarship Council; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Fullerene; Degradation (telecommunications); Materials science; Cathode; Deposition (geology); Polymer; Chemical engineering; Polymer solar cell; Paramagnetism; Optoelectronics; Chemical physics; Composite material; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Organic chemistry; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.003977955518983425,"score_gpt":0.1623498656825338,"score_spread":0.15837191016355037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2270019682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97388625,0.0024461616,0.023153165,0.000028537437,0.00008781968,0.000043809774,0.0000045624342,0.00007078312,0.00027891717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99598795,0.0036288027,0.00018270809,0.00002881959,0.000029759272,0.000013083931,0.00001538404,0.000023461354,0.000090009795],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993984,0.000025526571,0.00016111728,0.00010995703,0.00007744865,0.00022754619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976254,0.000027452108,0.000024360483,0.00012602001,0.000015306103,0.0000443121],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008579731,0.00011212211,0.000094873874,0.000087752924,0.000050080405,0.00002242347,0.0000574844,0.00007755359,0.000019340241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003738165,0.00009534011,0.000020271247,0.00012807063,0.000011973403,0.00022794996,0.000013713555,0.00006436654,0.000007664993],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010506231,0.000013945369,0.0006086831,0.000042367843,0.000010742661,0.0000016803764,0.00011825899,0.00037160565,0.9212946,0.00038236368,0.00008262663,0.07706258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030826434,0.00008234429,0.00065078866,0.00003404676,0.000009372124,0.000012992031,0.0000053948324,0.022884479,0.97474074,0.00015638705,0.0009648518,0.00015034941],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000102187114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005601502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07691223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007530804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015716107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3887857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2322538108","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.030","title":"Air–PCM heat exchanger for peak load management: Experimental and simulation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Phase-change material; Computer science; Experimental data; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Thermal; Calibration; Nuclear engineering; Simulation; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Engineering","score_opus":0.024764903821413633,"score_gpt":0.2791976709028736,"score_spread":0.25443276708146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2322538108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.832688,0.0042999773,0.1522084,0.00025866582,0.0010390859,0.0005602165,0.000120374,0.0005672441,0.008258058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99834955,0.0001286916,0.00025014323,0.000037246144,0.00020760128,0.00012579301,0.000012248766,0.000039210507,0.00084954005],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993725,0.000014679247,0.00008989031,0.00015133477,0.00013099737,0.00024060025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972636,0.000036171918,0.000006175163,0.00014693913,0.000021311542,0.00006306554],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082392726,0.00010452689,0.0000945776,0.00006787464,0.00004444998,0.000024924097,0.00007161326,0.000047108344,0.00013672753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000686546,0.00008405784,0.000025062853,0.000041367082,0.000020150608,0.00014345247,0.00006137855,0.000014599306,0.000016631915],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005960049,0.000029336396,0.000006272375,0.00010965647,0.000057276717,0.0000085280635,0.0002264596,0.002811715,0.97263056,0.00088601647,0.0013033885,0.02187121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017180329,0.000086763466,0.00010418235,0.00006284597,0.0000106037,0.0000028089364,0.00007296405,0.044990465,0.79961807,0.00053629954,0.15250765,0.0002893406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014296004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000100015095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1730125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010685571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003082848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34277794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2325188595","doi":"10.1115/isec2005-76232","title":"Passive Heat Exchanger Anti-Fouling for Solar DHW Systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Fouling; Heat exchanger; Flushing; Environmental science; Waste management; Filtration (mathematics); Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Membrane","score_opus":0.019976762467675564,"score_gpt":0.23541693467085384,"score_spread":0.21544017220317827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2325188595","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6604138,0.04361332,0.17004308,0.002269085,0.02392359,0.0032389706,0.000556505,0.0033565448,0.09258511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98537123,0.00014354696,0.00039414363,0.00066995184,0.00454425,0.00039344354,0.00012458704,0.0001419491,0.0082168905],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975038,0.00017381356,0.00056453526,0.0005796533,0.0003623742,0.00081581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99861497,0.00017189598,0.00018896043,0.0006006716,0.00018119125,0.00024229492],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035447782,0.0004127506,0.0005819968,0.00015114508,0.0003555517,0.00014188698,0.0003861872,0.00034885126,0.00018199482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007034243,0.0003694629,0.0003148607,0.0002312361,0.000049374747,0.00027668578,0.00007906577,0.00016943792,0.0002075264],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000603872,0.0008214335,0.001999223,0.0009698799,0.002013625,0.00012115864,0.0063166264,0.15661259,0.5043406,0.1043919,0.059773378,0.16203573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009995603,0.000100708676,0.0000838717,0.00010888937,0.000056351742,0.00005879327,0.0003156971,0.02859345,0.051367518,0.00032537247,0.91744816,0.0005416395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0076572085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00090844167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8576748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014526481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056045224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2508233019","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2016.08.022","title":"Enhancement of the electrical response in high concentrating photovoltaic systems by antireflective coatings based on silica nanoparticles","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Opsun Technologies (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Anti-reflective coating; Materials science; Photovoltaic system; Reflection (computer programming); Optics; Fresnel equations; Arc (geometry); Substrate (aquarium); Coating; Optoelectronics; Nanoparticle; Transmission (telecommunications); Nanotechnology; Refractive index; Computer science; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.00435433496494457,"score_gpt":0.18771385031156573,"score_spread":0.18335951534662115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2508233019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848247,0.00016139228,0.014465856,0.000026718562,0.00015426784,0.00013325959,0.000005982187,0.000056689096,0.0001711032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999535,0.00003946878,0.00024294111,0.00004376106,0.000016220973,0.000047892514,0.0000024651895,0.000024333127,0.00004787239],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989585,0.00015830286,0.00026789165,0.00015338307,0.00020774544,0.00025413453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994333,0.00022279937,0.0000711757,0.0002025972,0.000037428024,0.000032705186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024376865,0.00012248386,0.000150205,0.000058648835,0.000047822443,0.00001381827,0.00011522648,0.00006809552,0.00001396315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011579679,0.00008188466,0.00003110211,0.00033822824,0.00003662203,0.00008100741,0.000013540191,0.000073467236,0.0000028165969],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015287449,0.000036289362,0.0012975895,0.000010010354,0.000005088351,6.794163e-7,0.000058595066,0.062251866,0.9354718,0.00006328258,0.000111484595,0.00054045126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039880452,0.00010607673,0.00033474728,0.00008423287,0.0000029170997,3.2568923e-7,0.000009806623,0.38144717,0.61740506,0.0000046891478,0.00013466748,0.00007147767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000091674236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000114110735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3191953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022416224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040276966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33391595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2524203035","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2016.09.032","title":"Lipid derived diamide phase change materials for high temperature thermal energy storage","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Industry Canada; Trent University","keywords":"Materials science; Latent heat; Thermal energy storage; Phase-change material; Paraffin wax; Renewable energy; Chemical engineering; Phase change; Thermal stability; Energy storage; Thermodynamics; Differential scanning calorimetry; Wax; Composite material","score_opus":0.027601013772889628,"score_gpt":0.2598162943635068,"score_spread":0.23221528059061716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2524203035","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99009913,0.0006330626,0.0047167465,0.00029141904,0.0022426976,0.00022694556,0.0011551223,0.0004934663,0.00014140095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940678,0.0005632499,0.00017461632,0.00020304181,0.0032680854,0.00089066505,0.00020144142,0.00017045675,0.0004606476],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825203,0.00011206145,0.00028080973,0.00034305945,0.00028385484,0.00072818715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910074,0.00009837535,0.000046511894,0.00045143467,0.00011435118,0.00018856044],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025694334,0.0003348636,0.00038919353,0.00016601346,0.00010508525,0.000112269845,0.0003417348,0.00024754362,0.00082697027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000061857565,0.00024697089,0.00007867063,0.00012111196,0.00005454364,0.0003363458,0.00009691426,0.00005320507,0.000027816865],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001317196,0.000051849955,6.0307576e-7,0.00006304303,0.000070471775,0.000025135218,0.00008001385,0.000018073724,0.9824681,0.0013044586,0.0021864553,0.01360002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019806835,0.0001367787,0.000022709335,0.00006466793,0.0000133427475,0.000005107266,0.000008205686,0.0000915645,0.9494823,0.00021061943,0.04763579,0.00034820967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021383789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010921778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045449335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017086767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030254783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2548780149","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.049","title":"Characterization of surface solar-irradiance variability using cloud properties based on satellite observations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Goddard Space Flight Center; EMS Ingénierie","keywords":"Irradiance; Solar irradiance; Satellite; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Cloud computing; Characterization (materials science); Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Computer science; Geology; Astronomy; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.041832847705189906,"score_gpt":0.21924363725356236,"score_spread":0.17741078954837244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2548780149","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34557617,0.0000215248,0.65321535,0.00041087312,0.0004403046,0.00008579554,0.000018744926,0.00008455739,0.00014670346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98910654,0.00004183551,0.009914969,0.0006498585,0.00007371042,0.000005836984,0.000012477745,0.000014928665,0.00017984051],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986178,0.00025139138,0.00030600617,0.00034128476,0.0002637386,0.000219729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872637,0.00012830949,0.00018675717,0.0006818858,0.00019154849,0.00008512359],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004186952,0.00014396022,0.00017150854,0.000065687425,0.00013086469,0.00006283911,0.00040992873,0.00009488846,0.000020187159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014754907,0.00010964537,0.00006908937,0.0004284363,0.000056432422,0.00053816836,0.00004947191,0.000060091443,0.0000073012675],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017735143,0.000090712114,0.009036271,0.00001739679,0.000010548555,8.078356e-7,0.00017039316,0.0015489225,0.96503955,0.018674986,0.0000071496925,0.005385543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003784786,0.00007006053,0.028000934,0.000095118965,0.0000073883903,0.0000013663375,0.000003429798,0.4622003,0.4960285,0.0010025027,0.0119519215,0.0002599823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010419567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016732425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64353037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000928365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020798441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44712085},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2578068584","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.034","title":"Comparisons among Bat algorithms with various objective functions on grouping photovoltaic power patterns","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Cluster analysis; Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Cluster (spacecraft); Data mining; Correlation clustering; Function (biology); Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.01374292313617108,"score_gpt":0.23017425873273595,"score_spread":0.21643133559656486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2578068584","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.069841325,0.000037254933,0.9179124,0.00015161706,0.0013244655,0.00015307676,0.000023198607,0.00029151398,0.010265133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950084,0.000012925378,0.0031292196,0.00067238125,0.00012344038,0.000051063504,0.000017678905,0.000031564658,0.0009532903],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825245,0.00009136972,0.00021357175,0.0006026726,0.00040475247,0.00043518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99785477,0.00009830867,0.0002601552,0.0014420226,0.00013101478,0.00021371277],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017848608,0.00027137026,0.00025467595,0.00016073753,0.0012934804,0.00074541493,0.0010152634,0.00012414326,0.00005582231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004643639,0.00023992083,0.00010920963,0.0001821754,0.00010509339,0.0007750152,0.0002203444,0.00031744345,0.000057174693],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026053793,0.0021051022,0.8076119,0.000051534236,0.0014082924,0.00078072306,0.010593002,0.00966842,0.0057512354,0.09974416,0.019751538,0.04227357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019841278,0.00091597944,0.72085035,0.00012511727,0.000049105754,0.000071800656,0.00035335246,0.21765755,0.009337763,0.0009831839,0.046515614,0.0011560584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042890194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030310578,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92516714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112344474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100847545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9948536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600812612","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.010","title":"Full-scale measurement of the response of a CPV tracker structure prototype under wind load","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université de Sherbrooke; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Wind tunnel; Wind engineering; Full scale; Scale (ratio); Tower; Marine engineering; Wind speed; Environmental science; Computer science; Wind power; Meteorology; Structural engineering; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.014093453195294323,"score_gpt":0.21829434325676783,"score_spread":0.20420089006147352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2600812612","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99687135,0.00008090069,0.000045673758,0.0006364533,0.000120077755,0.00012473985,0.000011155836,0.0000049973123,0.0021046386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991753,0.0000046915984,0.00010544016,0.000060723352,0.000028462548,0.000005082734,2.0247147e-7,0.000007549529,0.00061254785],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989631,0.000075859614,0.0001409869,0.00015772904,0.00051754183,0.00014476552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927604,0.0000114004615,0.00014496932,0.0005120089,0.000025793388,0.000029811183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002900599,0.00009561714,0.00013314911,0.000007649293,0.0002388816,0.000011723491,0.00036801392,0.00005143114,0.0002811852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006805534,0.0000587439,0.00006998577,0.000044642966,0.00034665354,0.000076676675,0.00022803222,0.00006254396,0.0000055025416],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00080867007,0.00011389689,0.026173411,0.000017805798,0.00006185613,0.0000015208827,0.00082495523,0.0013235663,0.9649432,0.00014599426,0.0012936881,0.00429148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004204399,0.00018005935,0.7628922,0.000043672237,0.000023047769,0.000002323771,0.0001207021,0.000036340432,0.22198436,0.0010137336,0.013158708,0.00012444395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003653818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017116389,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7429588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006932688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033998604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30787808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2611561672","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.04.064","title":"Towards a standardized procedure to assess solar forecast accuracy: A new ramp and time alignment metric","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","keywords":"Solar Resource; Solar irradiance; Photovoltaic system; Computer science; Metric (unit); Solar energy; Performance metric; Grid; Context (archaeology); Solar power; Irradiance; Data mining; Meteorology; Power (physics); Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.031342930344074316,"score_gpt":0.2851789644698383,"score_spread":0.253836034125764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2611561672","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.014417903,0.00056081434,0.9736591,0.0039197747,0.0007142826,0.00043327324,0.000034398417,0.00026879742,0.0059916526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9342774,0.00016385157,0.059290133,0.0029236157,0.00035064796,0.00006405219,0.000014365918,0.000047639307,0.0028682675],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998192,0.000077657445,0.00024345297,0.0005485527,0.0005299146,0.0004084205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980813,0.0000848769,0.00020206763,0.0010258384,0.00012419658,0.00048168146],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004955833,0.00023733027,0.0003095742,0.00020275638,0.0005327596,0.0012734806,0.0011774808,0.0001225494,0.00004882193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069955055,0.0002175741,0.00009414428,0.00033661077,0.000031795087,0.0007797249,0.0005867252,0.00012388348,0.000039100814],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019971858,0.00024215537,0.0020377028,0.00007490336,0.00038336916,0.00011814448,0.003913297,0.00034133243,0.021032088,0.07481476,0.06447287,0.8323697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032824005,0.00051210594,0.008171928,0.00008197984,0.000058581514,0.00009342115,0.000045150417,0.07483649,0.10514768,0.01506035,0.79159886,0.0011110704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051875063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009693884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9198595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010257387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005016044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2618766060","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.04.045","title":"Development and assessment of a new solar heliostat field based system using a thermochemical water decomposition cycle integrated with hydrogen compression","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Heliostat; Hydrogen production; Exergy; Rankine cycle; Process engineering; Environmental science; Compressed hydrogen; Solar energy; Nuclear engineering; Power station; Hydrogen fuel; Degree Rankine; Hydrogen; Hydrogen storage; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Power (physics); Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.020995135022241318,"score_gpt":0.27300761949190216,"score_spread":0.25201248446966085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2618766060","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839619,0.00008806582,0.014204141,0.000031137482,0.00010634137,0.00010522228,0.0000032356832,0.00005800749,0.0014419833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99156445,0.0000026667624,0.008131655,0.0000644242,0.00005860812,0.000016982694,0.000055966375,0.000035143305,0.00007011043],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987342,0.0001083348,0.00032925783,0.00029422095,0.00025975256,0.00027426102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990721,0.000036745503,0.00024290291,0.0004307638,0.00007247166,0.0001450672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017968164,0.00022924668,0.00034026694,0.00006563077,0.00037005774,0.0000885956,0.00023077424,0.00015099921,0.00006023294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000067238075,0.00014802508,0.00005662975,0.000035148834,0.00004541869,0.00013182046,0.000106886466,0.00012315334,0.0000025480904],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022929133,0.00006226884,0.0022751743,0.00010910703,0.00014052846,0.000029786346,0.00042252507,0.0012672592,0.9859758,0.00033623242,0.000011769023,0.009140238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010388399,0.00008356256,0.00044030673,0.0005980984,0.000040884395,0.00003906599,0.00016363534,0.065008916,0.92830116,0.00004078077,0.0040149787,0.0002297775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011846543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005017751,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.063741654,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009834278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013396889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99473363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2753157062","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.040","title":"Design of a pilot scale directly irradiated, high temperature, and low pressure moving particle cavity chamber for metal oxide reduction","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Research and Development; National Nuclear Security Administration; Fondazione Ticino Olona; Virtual Materials Group; Sandia National Laboratories; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of Energy; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Honeywell Hometown Solutions","keywords":"Materials science; Context (archaeology); Solar furnace; Nuclear engineering; Heat transfer; Process engineering; Concentrated solar power; Work (physics); Particle (ecology); Mechanical engineering; Flexibility (engineering); Solar energy; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Thermal energy storage; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01164557467357442,"score_gpt":0.2082849749666792,"score_spread":0.19663940029310478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2753157062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969642,0.0013336095,0.0012844923,0.000026606587,0.000110005625,0.00006985894,0.000014042691,0.000103915576,0.00009326252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985266,0.000103775805,0.0010714538,0.000006555035,0.000090255184,0.000031150663,0.0000071656177,0.000027309974,0.00013573605],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994466,0.000013186466,0.00012604192,0.00016615438,0.00007181818,0.00017625779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995878,0.000041345087,0.00004563899,0.00021454085,0.000043232852,0.00006748864],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008644199,0.00011510792,0.00018156602,0.0000133996855,0.000114242466,0.000043458513,0.000086612796,0.00008042667,0.0000047174735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007980123,0.00010805421,0.000031089803,0.00003420728,0.000063489075,0.00015071248,0.000029017529,0.00007789888,4.1922868e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005014488,0.000030579795,0.000018559957,0.00015227376,0.00006151268,5.6422925e-7,0.000026058704,0.0034978853,0.9950305,0.00015051349,0.00007401142,0.0009073588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003437446,0.000032802516,0.00019041306,0.00005049381,0.00004689991,0.000005679288,0.0000054163625,0.014893592,0.9832321,0.00093677227,0.00012955403,0.00013256556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021443433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000068070603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01179847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011292612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009174595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4406323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766507286","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.10.054","title":"Efficient time-resolved 3D solar potential modelling","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Computer science; Interpolation (computer graphics); Remote sensing; Attenuation; Environmental science; Shading; Meteorology; Optics; Geology; Image (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.006330407708785923,"score_gpt":0.18174769095870394,"score_spread":0.175417283249918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766507286","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6040935,0.00004948529,0.3663525,0.00011816225,0.0002983775,0.00006300711,0.00002211307,0.000070568254,0.028932277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930282,0.000023229008,0.002975218,0.000054667005,0.00005692366,0.0000048490638,0.000025487116,0.000017082477,0.0038143087],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902695,0.000025669462,0.00014361502,0.0002686216,0.00025070884,0.00028443904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993094,0.0000065131426,0.000091814436,0.00049260556,0.0000055814367,0.00009406852],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014217969,0.00012482578,0.000110799636,0.000023024377,0.0005919433,0.0001251133,0.00037983299,0.0000905186,0.0004503245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000058635505,0.0001140126,0.00007270649,0.000031468204,0.00010429005,0.000096360745,0.00027041946,0.00009640725,0.00047584056],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007857415,0.000035157507,0.0004301749,9.0719783e-7,0.000009607446,0.000018933035,0.000033244924,0.9895762,0.0067233886,0.0002120076,0.00007512454,0.0028773516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017528876,0.000013848701,0.00033355592,0.000006231184,0.00001535902,0.000008855647,0.0000018211709,0.9894302,0.00059609563,0.0003791361,0.0088806,0.00015900985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00095385703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007464128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38893473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058495483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000072228063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6116126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774547674","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.042","title":"Contrasting distributed and centralized photovoltaic system performance using regionally distributed pyranometers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Nova Scotia Department of Energy","keywords":"Pyranometer; Photovoltaic system; Grid; Computer science; Environmental science; Irradiance; Distributed generation; Electricity; Roof; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Geology; Civil engineering; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.022812414580582127,"score_gpt":0.23172596009849497,"score_spread":0.20891354551791286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2774547674","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41571382,0.00018588151,0.58281356,0.000101307065,0.0005848984,0.00011430501,0.000088467335,0.00021782344,0.00017990971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99531597,0.000058325742,0.004286429,0.000117590986,0.00008222487,0.000010474317,0.00007846269,0.000017064276,0.00003345249],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984164,0.0000809047,0.0003121114,0.00044213765,0.00028768386,0.00046075397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984265,0.00007448253,0.0003587716,0.0007863913,0.00012379682,0.0002300509],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028241263,0.00022594722,0.00028704986,0.00007685507,0.0011585808,0.0007123806,0.00081709947,0.00010919052,0.0000039528304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000115956886,0.00022310017,0.00008271672,0.00016745021,0.00012085276,0.00082476716,0.00024265256,0.00013228302,0.000002941504],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00061104336,0.00053898053,0.36121425,0.0011544366,0.0013070015,0.00069280335,0.002382903,0.009103044,0.3282099,0.23540482,0.0026366883,0.05674413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013230615,0.00004167384,0.03822733,0.000122059704,0.00002682439,0.00010598315,0.000045141078,0.94156325,0.010025396,0.0001347534,0.007999203,0.0003853133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047303646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029904322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9324602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014400423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010277738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9097761},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790774078","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.077","title":"Examination of a new solar-based integrated system for desalination, electricity generation and hydrogen production","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Exergy; Process engineering; Reverse osmosis; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Solar energy; Electricity generation; Renewable energy; Hydrogen production; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Hydrogen; Thermodynamics; Membrane; Chemistry; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.019627358381595905,"score_gpt":0.2273428211913105,"score_spread":0.2077154628097146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790774078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65587497,0.00036209213,0.3407691,0.00010233503,0.0009130864,0.00037118603,0.000015070598,0.00028688074,0.0013052502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99319303,0.000011283878,0.0025192667,0.000033357148,0.0012263712,0.000107156695,0.0003631691,0.00006275277,0.0024836008],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980234,0.00030613798,0.0005570479,0.00050904223,0.0003029005,0.00030148763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983281,0.000051721756,0.00035826303,0.0003596183,0.00079027086,0.00011202476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007474833,0.00024423105,0.0003286222,0.00034035803,0.00021951312,0.000045442615,0.00014405539,0.00020171332,0.000010809321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031662715,0.0002362047,0.00007998755,0.0006288518,0.00007488321,0.000255666,0.000019130694,0.000059555983,0.0000033257397],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015988771,0.00014635162,0.00017209658,0.00022934307,0.00020198287,0.000001915149,0.00045733573,0.041294202,0.78418773,0.05429542,0.0016895382,0.1171642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006302116,0.00025263618,0.00007660589,0.000057041518,0.0000512131,0.000013013243,0.00006284659,0.21227914,0.77127445,0.00023948817,0.014864259,0.00019908532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055513587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045746663,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33824986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028398022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002707971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9632148},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811136895","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.015","title":"A hybrid PV/T solar evaporator using CO2: Numerical heat transfer model and simulation results","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Collège Shawinigan; École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporator; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Photovoltaic system; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.030966676481473904,"score_gpt":0.2593198385339494,"score_spread":0.2283531620524755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2811136895","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8257138,0.00029467785,0.1709254,0.00004036973,0.00040662332,0.000111237736,0.000060795453,0.00016276889,0.0022843273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99781287,0.000015245441,0.00048543361,0.0004216045,0.0007795256,0.000011905947,0.000059604685,0.00007394764,0.0003398824],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99802285,0.00019689862,0.0004763658,0.0005295057,0.00032538088,0.00044901736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990578,0.00009102624,0.000046778194,0.0004207277,0.00016014374,0.00022351122],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030074368,0.00030032324,0.00035898644,0.00009518149,0.00030727414,0.00007802804,0.00016051774,0.00018058818,0.000061666666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006642324,0.00027454185,0.000111936635,0.00018834964,0.00011596731,0.0002537594,0.00004784135,0.000139261,0.0000282645],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010530706,0.00010674238,0.00022007582,0.000029030398,0.00013365311,0.00002838485,0.0010136403,0.8013894,0.19047363,0.002017524,0.00020647404,0.003328367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010508162,0.00016462654,0.000037964437,0.000039038772,0.000042263706,0.00003432606,0.000029117158,0.9101093,0.05750122,0.0010296432,0.029621352,0.00034036124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049870685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025101734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17209905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006949345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007475503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884808450","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.015","title":"An experimental investigation of snow removal from photovoltaic solar panels by electrical heating","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Snow; Environmental science; Photovoltaic system; Tilt (camera); Relative humidity; Roof; Thermal; Meteorology; Materials science; Structural engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.01097759917102192,"score_gpt":0.22121975957382506,"score_spread":0.21024216040280314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884808450","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9594287,0.00022063451,0.03910728,0.0000067935152,0.00017105938,0.000029701912,0.000008543088,0.00069873605,0.00032849482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99312353,0.000015216237,0.006537471,0.0000546785,0.00015007718,0.0000071912928,0.00005268423,0.00003614969,0.0000229792],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916077,0.000035015008,0.00021363443,0.00019537147,0.00015143087,0.00024379403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995432,0.0000438942,0.00004123873,0.00028345024,0.000032604323,0.000055607754],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008526769,0.00014650043,0.0001844588,0.00011014445,0.00008229649,0.000023596327,0.00017043616,0.00016709695,0.00001834751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004465494,0.00015084888,0.00003739037,0.00024458897,0.000098217526,0.0001293051,0.000027794491,0.00012741602,0.000006497125],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075230205,0.000015099725,0.0004461823,0.0000033099889,0.000018738168,0.000002803303,0.00042289737,0.00023322903,0.9844897,0.0001855809,0.0006849018,0.013490054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015989803,0.00019552356,0.0001171012,0.000029449711,0.0000074014692,0.0000066152697,0.00014997748,0.07156427,0.92616326,0.00095905236,0.0004934982,0.00015395325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011806281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020125615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07133105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005949898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015260859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61514384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885418586","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.042","title":"Sunlight mediated passive wastewater treatment technology using photochemical reduction of ferric iron for decontamination of various aqueous contaminants","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wastewater; Ferric; Chemistry; Chloride; Aqueous solution; Environmental chemistry; Photodegradation; Degradation (telecommunications); Sulfolane; Nuclear chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Photocatalysis; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Environmental science","score_opus":0.016429213218153226,"score_gpt":0.271651746501245,"score_spread":0.2552225332830918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885418586","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979913,0.000049634633,0.0012948927,0.00007398286,0.00011469701,0.00019586185,0.000021785452,0.000015854119,0.00024197287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998689,0.000049781247,0.0009839511,0.000023101442,0.000035203007,0.000010429049,0.000026489965,0.000014951283,0.0001670818],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905926,0.000029307399,0.0002646208,0.00024868993,0.00014051002,0.00025763537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957067,0.00002847647,0.00015935667,0.00015273296,0.000011824559,0.00007692627],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054905213,0.00014419419,0.00021983679,0.000062204614,0.000063377476,0.0000036832985,0.00010656511,0.00014386339,0.0002208124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002631426,0.00011475131,0.00005978239,0.00015016366,0.0004645125,0.00009761814,0.000071780174,0.000036886653,0.000011105824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007740709,0.00029861936,0.0011562614,0.000009028147,0.000024494386,0.0000027123463,0.00011985428,0.000055425215,0.98515844,0.00005291865,0.000019898482,0.013024932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008112189,0.0007404465,0.0008587603,0.000022335316,0.00006085531,0.000030969375,0.00006468764,0.005530876,0.990451,0.0003618695,0.000946265,0.00012072999],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034281716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055111104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012904202,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028058948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011067232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46794227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887504357","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.024","title":"Towards achieving net-zero energy communities: Investigation of design strategies and seasonal solar collection and storage net-zero","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Zero-energy building; Sizing; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Neighbourhood (mathematics); Energy consumption; Solar energy; Thermal; Energy storage; Passive solar building design; Thermal energy; Environmental economics; Meteorology; Civil engineering; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Mathematics; Economics","score_opus":0.015970340125182093,"score_gpt":0.19961672183481946,"score_spread":0.18364638170963737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887504357","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22356759,0.0009929625,0.77438146,0.00002110001,0.00021010083,0.00003500763,0.0000038934363,0.00016276617,0.0006251167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99011433,0.0009228152,0.008601816,0.00007414033,0.00009320023,0.000018431721,0.000050399085,0.00004192131,0.0000829411],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991264,0.00013620591,0.0002248822,0.0001499724,0.00015090211,0.00021167523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950063,0.00006791471,0.00007238284,0.00018677794,0.00008719799,0.000085078806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020100198,0.00020070495,0.00020843338,0.00014847281,0.00027044897,0.00012252768,0.0001090153,0.00017454788,0.000017032178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010253255,0.00021784633,0.000028795883,0.0002628941,0.0001905418,0.0005338073,0.000057904716,0.00011828143,1.3476536e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006134294,0.000018836607,0.0004957346,0.000090440786,0.0001405544,0.0000018993004,0.0018578755,0.9437359,0.009674989,0.030024683,0.00093419146,0.012963539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040720592,0.00029060774,0.0009308872,0.0001142176,0.000047204358,0.000021104115,0.00046120805,0.9617319,0.02489813,0.008456003,0.0022732518,0.00036828135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010633188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044604595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7665467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047721747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000079819016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88835156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887767533","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.061","title":"Education and training gaps in the renewable energy sector","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad","keywords":"Renewable energy; Economic shortage; Scarcity; Curriculum; Training (meteorology); Renewable resource; Business; Supply and demand; Environmental economics; Natural resource economics; Economic growth; Economics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011970764794466692,"score_gpt":0.21326440035246014,"score_spread":0.20129363555799346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887767533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81367344,0.0002158432,0.00075029867,0.00040213126,0.00018883617,0.000027836393,0.0000010630333,0.00002393524,0.1847166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934247,0.00007982088,0.000267642,0.0020657405,0.00018423054,0.000016314416,0.0000094377965,0.000011220177,0.0039408696],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919266,0.000089802634,0.000109361696,0.00020877308,0.00015547918,0.0002439463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996555,0.000028005908,0.000036051762,0.00021108858,0.0000015492885,0.00006780731],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021157003,0.000102419515,0.00007567979,0.000029468707,0.00017137846,0.00002960327,0.0001633031,0.00006445473,0.00083997217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014790241,0.00007716934,0.000018805309,0.00016624494,0.00017308645,0.00018065053,0.00006521924,0.000050415103,0.000020384186],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108954366,0.0015610007,0.09268742,0.000021324735,0.00006980592,0.000041718493,0.028303854,0.037946757,0.24363858,0.04329003,0.10247587,0.4498547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004157993,0.00026391944,0.1353108,0.000029624985,0.000014652488,0.000054237968,0.001292292,0.00056676177,0.017688168,0.018917061,0.8250407,0.00040596264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012606213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012593154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7225649,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055262833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013344981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896510096","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.034","title":"Thermal analysis of triple and quadruple windows using partitioning radiant energy veils™ with different physical and optical properties","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Glazing; Materials science; Transmittance; Radiant energy; Optics; Thermal transmittance; Thermal; Radiative transfer; Thermal radiation; Heat transfer; Thermal energy; Radiation; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Thermal resistance; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.009755045314306118,"score_gpt":0.1870530149357495,"score_spread":0.17729796962144337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896510096","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9374729,0.00028722663,0.061933476,0.00000706377,0.00004223457,0.00001540819,0.0000021079475,0.000046404748,0.00019321425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990936,0.000046811998,0.0006902427,0.000014488028,0.00008867481,0.0000055345963,0.000009772395,0.000020195528,0.000030707346],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944884,0.000021169259,0.00012378562,0.00014667815,0.000098968245,0.00016055448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975026,0.000013343843,0.000028607124,0.000118047436,0.00002913131,0.000060625545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003152424,0.00012499698,0.00023503244,0.0001141338,0.000076912715,0.000030742143,0.000039666556,0.000051064046,0.000008783105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003491686,0.00009444541,0.00003714046,0.00023267245,0.00012159693,0.0001074972,0.000024058067,0.00004331563,4.3120338e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054254764,0.00004510574,0.0013202064,0.000016226357,0.0005660512,0.0000017639658,0.0004003471,0.9569553,0.029607166,0.0072724074,0.0000046109867,0.0037565306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000223264,0.0000839057,0.0014965005,0.000023472172,0.00024459235,0.0000024683322,0.00003412145,0.9317523,0.06585262,0.00004368291,0.00011010948,0.00013291478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019345024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026229705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06162071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016009273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000093623285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3851372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2938686335","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2019.03.053","title":"Thermodynamic modeling of a solar energy based combined cycle with rock bed heat storage system","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Exergy efficiency; Solar energy; Combined cycle; Energy storage; Nuclear engineering; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Thermal energy; Rankine cycle; Turbine; Thermodynamics; Power (physics); Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.00898244425378397,"score_gpt":0.19819922225430336,"score_spread":0.1892167780005194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2938686335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81026185,0.00029583788,0.18714172,0.000014204198,0.00025099659,0.00012684609,0.00004702549,0.0003446857,0.0015168508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999318,0.000021602362,0.00020246896,0.000021677244,0.00006629888,0.000057916768,0.00008712483,0.00014085935,0.00008404107],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839526,0.00011530781,0.00027777356,0.00030111847,0.00041055304,0.0004999587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907875,0.000043235137,0.0000382129,0.00060935103,0.00009978276,0.00013068745],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018026911,0.00028205223,0.0004718038,0.0002218459,0.00005339927,0.000045445326,0.00032854071,0.00014824339,0.00008494868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055150635,0.00025441757,0.00008466356,0.00024696323,0.000016156298,0.00015011155,0.000069121415,0.000119291784,0.000018977838],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107847234,0.000030381654,0.000012162388,0.00028018688,0.000069651076,0.00001553408,0.000050423798,0.63912845,0.35967472,0.0005345473,0.000010024528,0.00008606728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011452055,0.00014721089,0.00000448113,0.00018516334,0.00001597898,0.000004769931,0.00007914916,0.88272494,0.11530034,0.000030281011,0.00011153143,0.00025096568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00082458986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016493989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24437438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022314105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006379213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999908},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965643259","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.063","title":"Hotspot diagnosis for solar photovoltaic modules using a Naive Bayes classifier","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Hotspot (geology); Naive Bayes classifier; Computer science; Classifier (UML); Bayes classifier; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Support vector machine; Geology; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.022401459250810267,"score_gpt":0.25469513467997595,"score_spread":0.23229367542916568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2965643259","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43794584,0.0019887611,0.5336256,0.00013254881,0.002746985,0.0024138878,0.00030680938,0.0025335506,0.01830599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96233684,0.00027043524,0.032383062,0.0006239555,0.00029736653,0.00097638724,0.00013104966,0.00021328476,0.0027676409],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973424,0.00017417579,0.0006056576,0.0007730006,0.00041044055,0.0006943124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980353,0.00028515083,0.0003155613,0.000860563,0.00032777071,0.00017566],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003395232,0.0004535764,0.0006218222,0.00035106725,0.00022966249,0.00013130621,0.00048087773,0.0004144266,0.00062925305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016178927,0.00045408373,0.00034887186,0.00043357717,0.000073316274,0.00044714738,0.0001438988,0.00015278727,0.00006485297],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043920756,0.0006404585,0.018138634,0.00048458748,0.0009662585,0.000036115063,0.0010495003,0.05822061,0.8230419,0.06026571,0.016974391,0.019742593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009560614,0.00017802493,0.00016529071,0.0001766672,0.00007435333,0.000017623894,0.00020132225,0.15182078,0.63708895,0.0049515236,0.20364653,0.00072290556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0053964965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056205114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.524391,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028312483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011563094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969766888","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.023","title":"Light-trapping strategy for PEDOT:PSS/c-Si nanopyramid based hybrid solar cells embedded with metallic nanoparticles","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Nanowire Synthesis and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Infection and Immunity; Science and Engineering Research Board","keywords":"Materials science; Absorption (acoustics); PEDOT:PSS; Nanoparticle; Planar; Optoelectronics; Nanostructure; Finite-difference time-domain method; Current density; Organic solar cell; Solar cell; Nanotechnology; Layer (electronics); Optics; Composite material; Polymer; Physics","score_opus":0.008834356176651613,"score_gpt":0.19660889823212271,"score_spread":0.1877745420554711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2969766888","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8671909,0.00073366193,0.12593238,0.00021601391,0.00032606133,0.00067761354,0.000067263005,0.00078824785,0.004067855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99598306,0.00004429264,0.002957288,0.0000887284,0.00009752475,0.00023981968,0.000030688658,0.00011206169,0.00044654735],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985647,0.000030273295,0.0003055203,0.0003814155,0.00019706237,0.0005210133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999117,0.000093142095,0.00006547598,0.00051894714,0.00006684059,0.000138599],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014265762,0.00030391887,0.00034294455,0.00011001939,0.00012864383,0.00010747405,0.0002604799,0.00008647858,0.00011309417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050226313,0.00026788085,0.00015370661,0.00022714841,0.00002401465,0.0001856599,0.000018254703,0.00010054287,0.000081135375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020677837,0.00007194868,0.000014913807,0.00008364307,0.000103552076,0.0000029223806,0.000031482155,0.026888937,0.9646665,0.0036414438,0.00033681112,0.004137158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045382802,0.000105218,0.000013161863,0.000036918416,0.000057563557,0.0000032636597,0.000058687983,0.07331124,0.8559563,0.00028850586,0.0693537,0.00036158488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028122193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004696116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12879215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045294004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069478636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970329841","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.034","title":"Design and simulated performance of a solar-thermal system employing seasonal storage for providing the majority of space heating and domestic hot water heating needs to a single-family house in a cold climate","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Nordion (Canada); Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Meteorology; Passive solar building design; Volume (thermodynamics); Solar energy; Thermal; Atmospheric sciences; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Geography; Ecology","score_opus":0.009595405935947904,"score_gpt":0.18904895925755677,"score_spread":0.17945355332160887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970329841","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.936748,0.00020547003,0.062589765,0.0000057573784,0.000071109,0.00027508443,0.0000026694302,0.000091567694,0.000010528339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934672,0.000013883643,0.0063935425,0.000014906514,0.00002019648,0.00002928224,0.0000027837527,0.000051104726,0.0000070922433],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991297,0.00005770688,0.00026440487,0.00014850739,0.000110594905,0.00028905607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995559,0.00017032036,0.00005594334,0.00013296925,0.00004346082,0.000041416963],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045974957,0.00015116384,0.00025550488,0.00012200869,0.00009379553,0.000034828005,0.00007795844,0.00008101146,5.0540706e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000137478755,0.00011928621,0.000026335352,0.00019626755,0.000018232753,0.00015805244,0.000056873603,0.00008813759,8.338457e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000835825,0.000009971501,0.0031430996,0.00048494095,0.00002078948,7.145854e-7,0.00086137437,0.79096437,0.20389211,0.00017592788,3.3446491e-7,0.00036280433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005071163,0.0001764194,0.00028337687,0.00046911594,0.00001891977,0.000004858051,0.00021663505,0.91963685,0.07853807,0.000003048794,0.000008758931,0.00013684286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011382784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009209873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12867248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059305854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015306752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48643506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2984441405","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.031","title":"An algorithm for designing a cooling system for photovoltaic panels","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Solar energy; Computational fluid dynamics; Computer science; Electricity; Nuclear engineering; Tube (container); Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.018619226143982554,"score_gpt":0.24165661485618045,"score_spread":0.2230373887121979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2984441405","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10308343,0.00052190904,0.8895999,0.0000049080245,0.002852917,0.001226346,0.00015287311,0.000659365,0.0018983452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97730607,0.0000054655866,0.017927181,0.00018244109,0.0011570231,0.0009067103,0.00022342271,0.00016885252,0.0021228187],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978089,0.00014645419,0.00048626558,0.0006092115,0.00024017601,0.0007090356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983848,0.0003388899,0.0002679981,0.0005927542,0.00021050399,0.00020506716],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006177615,0.0003458496,0.0005436179,0.00012666402,0.0002619711,0.000114744274,0.00039683393,0.00027687347,0.000058585712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033823213,0.00032339804,0.00029987952,0.00018419084,0.000023730085,0.00024325604,0.000031710224,0.00009707751,0.000059234782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027566793,0.000084684645,0.0002498614,0.00035963178,0.0002421295,0.000008034615,0.0006365701,0.0041016336,0.9059365,0.00877586,0.00014078947,0.07918869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022169887,0.0005200715,0.000033890738,0.00018890716,0.00007542964,0.00005039294,0.0012129471,0.39609644,0.4740532,0.0006295864,0.12430683,0.0006153186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004470054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012362041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87422264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001329029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008088713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999218},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985207274","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.04.008","title":"Design, construction and analysis of a thermal energy storage system adapted to greenhouse cultivation in isolated northern communities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kativik Regional Government; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Greenhouse; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Thermal; Energy (signal processing); Computer science; Geography; Ecology; Meteorology; Mathematics; Agronomy; Statistics","score_opus":0.01907926445110323,"score_gpt":0.18593774594027535,"score_spread":0.16685848148917212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2985207274","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99091375,0.00010701826,0.008318984,0.00040383515,0.000013755624,0.000057088637,0.000021786711,0.00012981544,0.000033962748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99963915,0.00001975176,0.00009407077,0.000156823,0.000013685825,0.000015279265,0.000055424476,0.0000015486298,0.000004292248],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992003,0.000196805,0.00022555693,0.00014905108,0.00008630537,0.00014201453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996294,0.00008882647,0.00010297857,0.000057821573,0.00006751251,0.00005349321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009670626,0.0001100036,0.0002803028,0.00006466517,0.00009152956,0.000015453305,0.00014592356,0.0001333925,0.000026822672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012722916,0.000054048105,0.000050538052,0.0009466628,0.000056293873,0.00006888542,0.000054892735,0.00007201,8.6561147e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00075890875,0.00010633876,0.14465177,0.000020287574,0.00067709776,0.000022322252,0.0022029304,0.009996136,0.7505379,0.0062492313,0.000008876605,0.084768236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020392663,0.0028675187,0.38674495,0.00016417174,0.0010044827,0.000022871542,0.02813897,0.54744047,0.02838327,0.00017756985,0.0017694803,0.0012470061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0045617255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022164967,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7221546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016947308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004728595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99567795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006098916","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.058","title":"Reducing ultraviolet-induced open-circuit voltage loss in inverted organic solar cells by maintaining charge selectivity of the electron collection contact using polyethylenimine","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Polyethylenimine; Recombination; Optoelectronics; Organic solar cell; Open-circuit voltage; Ultraviolet; Irradiation; Acceptor; Short circuit; Selectivity; Photochemistry; Chemical physics; Voltage; Chemistry; Composite material; Polymer; Physics","score_opus":0.012669878705712942,"score_gpt":0.20610764157278416,"score_spread":0.1934377628670712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3006098916","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937258,0.00031847955,0.005061559,0.00006430739,0.00022716908,0.00028519455,0.000022686596,0.00009960975,0.0001952359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999305,0.0001939193,0.000016705228,0.00021877975,0.00008319126,0.000010335295,0.000019433874,0.000114488015,0.00003815674],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810296,0.00014910623,0.00045084642,0.00040430258,0.00022781259,0.0006649972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992965,0.00006600633,0.00015198976,0.00030320222,0.000058820893,0.00012349556],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034316664,0.00031641914,0.00046673187,0.00009806499,0.00017945484,0.0000620482,0.00051121006,0.00024268452,0.000074606796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007078817,0.0003157232,0.00008860177,0.0014464618,0.000021573733,0.0002123729,0.000112297406,0.00071618956,0.0000022958725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033101092,0.00005231444,0.0005162281,0.00003300799,0.00007580784,0.0000039235038,0.0006197742,0.0007049676,0.9973651,0.00018990393,0.00022912427,0.0001767538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076246134,0.00019351252,0.000115786796,0.000050687027,0.000033969816,0.000010125745,0.000051596402,0.06334422,0.9345443,0.00010509847,0.00047435207,0.00031386758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003160533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009374598,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06282077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058015244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031233253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011699741","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.040","title":"Benchmarking on improvement and site-adaptation techniques for modeled solar radiation datasets","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Benchmarking; Solar irradiance; Irradiance; Computer science; Satellite; Adaptation (eye); Solar energy; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Data mining; Meteorology; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.02016167633122835,"score_gpt":0.23686967085763694,"score_spread":0.2167079945264086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3011699741","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0033437975,0.00006774462,0.9951318,0.00081335363,0.000118155505,0.00020570027,0.000077557626,0.000158586,0.00008331589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92037094,0.00014776298,0.071621224,0.006806446,0.00022023803,0.000097086246,0.000703335,0.00001912337,0.000013845772],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990738,0.00003890624,0.00018025648,0.00036231108,0.00017596538,0.00016874507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999444,0.00007041203,0.00010104788,0.00023123928,0.00004142989,0.00011184584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001704397,0.00012408607,0.00011407342,0.00006870747,0.00015612524,0.00015125652,0.00020691163,0.00006870112,0.000003983796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048243335,0.00012746562,0.000039025603,0.00016096981,0.000009958022,0.0004113458,0.00007247824,0.000068403286,0.0000023495138],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049901155,0.000055650573,0.00007055884,0.000035308924,0.000028416734,0.0000035526734,0.0014174082,0.0028729711,0.034887686,0.04565695,0.0046918415,0.91022974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031001272,0.00044739083,0.000038742244,0.0000060288,0.0000066448824,7.361704e-7,0.000012924041,0.8707899,0.06841914,0.001546267,0.058272384,0.00014982154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009694101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003324377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92351055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037748396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000417835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5197897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023528943","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.04.088","title":"Human-centric lighting performance of shading panels in architecture: A benchmarking study with lab scale physical models under real skies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Université Laval","keywords":"Daylighting; Photopic vision; Computer science; Orientation (vector space); Daylight; Optics; Computer vision; Environmental science; Simulation; Engineering; Architectural engineering; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011877565972745375,"score_gpt":0.19999669940522335,"score_spread":0.188119133432478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3023528943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9604463,0.000037711212,0.03854195,0.000011648619,0.000029686691,0.00005425263,8.2341074e-7,0.00011595239,0.00076166587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987818,0.000023795514,0.0009919887,0.00002225179,0.0001137927,0.000015276708,0.0000073511633,0.00003483235,0.000008893809],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992078,0.000028970015,0.00018430255,0.00019139517,0.00016995386,0.00021758815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997521,0.000018885245,0.00004287784,0.000120561395,0.00001857735,0.000047000194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006003013,0.0001502111,0.0002179765,0.00009602368,0.000060936105,0.000019667801,0.00012874157,0.000046685593,0.0000037709813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015540381,0.00013637403,0.000031406584,0.00039253727,0.000018487854,0.00016077176,0.00004609128,0.00015830844,1.3415244e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018915867,0.00005948327,0.002227374,0.00004005059,0.00003227119,0.000003457052,0.0020801707,0.9905363,0.0018316013,0.0014116352,0.0000015578732,0.0017572168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041323563,0.00021654856,0.0012121226,0.00006623971,0.000018166038,0.0000017041383,0.00019296624,0.9914999,0.0059375726,0.00025364256,0.000007325674,0.00018056085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010551142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008054743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03833551,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034409288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012284125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5561172},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033377005","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.102","title":"Solar chimney combined with earth to-air heat exchanger for passive cooling of residential buildings in hot areas","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Payback period; Environmental science; TRNSYS; Solar chimney; Chimney (locomotive); Ventilation (architecture); Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Thermal comfort; Natural ventilation; Passive cooling; Thermal; Atmospheric sciences; Nuclear engineering; Solar energy; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.009714683571959065,"score_gpt":0.19365095124730686,"score_spread":0.1839362676753478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033377005","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90246046,0.0005930407,0.09495003,0.0004241291,0.00032268302,0.0003427832,0.000038396676,0.00063223427,0.00023624083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964861,0.000047359274,0.002898425,0.00015720862,0.00014090355,0.0001251866,0.000020977137,0.00007367016,0.000050152736],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988122,0.000021313668,0.0003112773,0.00029560947,0.00018249816,0.00037711087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994676,0.000051566654,0.000046760073,0.00024983563,0.000070781505,0.00011347142],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008026453,0.0002364381,0.0004306006,0.00019529912,0.000049502974,0.000025698364,0.00024393479,0.00016862787,0.000009512698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000075125754,0.00021820169,0.0000846055,0.00044353123,0.00003366471,0.00012557536,0.00007531138,0.00014356265,0.0000025435613],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032575384,0.0001900736,0.0037827776,0.0012393636,0.0009580688,0.00021444427,0.004587349,0.6176236,0.32427967,0.024903867,0.006269721,0.012693506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033428054,0.0014496237,0.0028119788,0.00047736464,0.00006168104,0.000015300451,0.00089044234,0.040428765,0.90454596,0.0004026131,0.044631023,0.00094245985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006128007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010860958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5802663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003224471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026949594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88980067},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044128348","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.07.046","title":"Optimal rule-based control for the management of thermal energy storage in a Canadian solar district heating system","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Solar energy; Energy storage; Greenhouse gas; Electricity; Process engineering; Energy consumption; Automotive engineering; Environmental economics; Engineering; Power (physics); Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.005500344320627112,"score_gpt":0.17211197920184534,"score_spread":0.16661163488121822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3044128348","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0110944,0.00084692304,0.9837524,0.00016387811,0.00037704414,0.000269937,0.00012190114,0.00020250112,0.0031709971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997733,0.000012951008,0.0015843143,0.00013252848,0.000116636606,0.00023394561,0.00007946992,0.00007333025,0.000033835357],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986782,0.0000753187,0.00040966953,0.0002110765,0.00016668816,0.00045903883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993935,0.00007515585,0.00007327562,0.00023623658,0.00006812603,0.00015367303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020997207,0.00022380956,0.00028808648,0.00012438752,0.0000990437,0.00003962839,0.00027591953,0.00012512328,0.000010261524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011354876,0.00019048473,0.00010765164,0.00036454096,0.000019695874,0.00007856794,0.0000106950065,0.00010186672,0.0000012008063],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003472352,0.000006795791,0.00005671629,0.00020840176,0.00017106421,0.000023156292,0.000098709825,0.98660153,0.0008033858,0.010051665,0.00007055856,0.001873303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009315247,0.000040445157,0.00007524352,0.00012580465,0.000050613904,0.000001386327,0.0003648437,0.988864,0.004358082,0.0000015018898,0.0049993056,0.00018723868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09373051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022288822,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9866386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039420876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000092052745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955519},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044327737","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.07.021","title":"Water-dispersible polyaniline/graphene oxide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: Influence of synthesis route on the device performance","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Global Affairs Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministère des relations internationales et de la Francophonie","keywords":"Graphene; Polyaniline; Materials science; Dye-sensitized solar cell; Oxide; Auxiliary electrode; Electrode; Chemical engineering; Energy conversion efficiency; Performance enhancement; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Polymer; Electrolyte; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013864272906597381,"score_gpt":0.2021230436288547,"score_spread":0.1882587707222573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3044327737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99624616,0.00013989549,0.0010854459,0.000671611,0.00007202046,0.00022454362,0.000051736966,0.00009311916,0.0014154479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961084,0.00029544978,0.00039912108,0.0025788583,0.00014087524,0.00010837093,0.000049750746,0.00008115038,0.00023798617],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976858,0.00016575892,0.00055894227,0.0005501776,0.0003944942,0.00064483506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984344,0.00035809827,0.00018789631,0.0006494782,0.0002162984,0.00015379203],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004159825,0.000385244,0.0005608012,0.000106512714,0.00029384613,0.00007415923,0.0005819404,0.00017330043,0.000116269424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010495045,0.00025397746,0.00039342348,0.00035823532,0.00009867886,0.00021992282,0.00009781945,0.00020852618,0.00007203714],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045698092,0.00007672416,0.000140801,0.00009016884,0.00024130357,0.0000036380545,0.0004412898,0.021601735,0.9728013,0.0032530774,0.00022794788,0.0006650103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041002507,0.00019861085,0.00010314486,0.000051550356,0.00013705448,0.0000021052826,0.00015675488,0.013672075,0.9430105,0.0000971274,0.04183633,0.00032471353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017000131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048513286,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041608382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056055003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006454319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3045011698","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.07.054","title":"An empirical validation of daylighting tools: Assessing radiance parameters and simulation settings in Ladybug and Honeybee against field measurements","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Daylighting; Illuminance; Sky; Overcast; Computer science; Remote sensing; Daylight; Interpolation (computer graphics); Monte Carlo method; Distributed ray tracing; Environmental science; Simulation; Meteorology; Optics; Statistics; Mathematics; Computer vision; Rendering (computer graphics); Physics","score_opus":0.04280975554221599,"score_gpt":0.2722032587990251,"score_spread":0.22939350325680913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3045011698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.878601,0.00012430463,0.12092692,0.00009540749,0.000039058577,0.000025729958,8.150399e-7,0.00005659461,0.00013017702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99296486,0.000039384508,0.006631433,0.00029996297,0.000024924504,0.0000028538507,0.000022372848,0.000013680644,5.508033e-7],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994675,0.000038424063,0.00016938563,0.00013717523,0.0000900887,0.00009743983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976087,0.000068100744,0.000040729552,0.00006412051,0.000017804266,0.00004837835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011110161,0.00008038433,0.00011025298,0.00004764149,0.000035271965,0.000055070297,0.00004020574,0.00007462688,0.000001256102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007587156,0.00008995038,0.000011676316,0.00013818854,0.000009801472,0.0004442718,0.000011938482,0.00006723464,4.0020428e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005063598,0.000005518134,0.008368135,0.000027380094,0.000007777237,6.856433e-7,0.00029275633,0.9579088,0.008378024,0.00002287679,0.0000070574324,0.024975896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019614796,0.000024485034,0.001205901,0.000045895755,0.000005984518,3.186046e-7,0.000043326076,0.95532537,0.0428951,0.000049187885,0.00010944267,0.00009881807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000155727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006972076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11436384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015952228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071556615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.366807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3100158461","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.10.011","title":"Improving the performance of PV/T systems by using conical-leaf inserts in the coolant tubes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Insert (composites); Materials science; Coolant; Conical surface; Heat transfer; Pressure drop; Heat exchanger; Nusselt number; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Thermal efficiency; Photovoltaic system; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Physics; Reynolds number; Engineering; Combustion","score_opus":0.022861059825227337,"score_gpt":0.21206991531708913,"score_spread":0.18920885549186178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3100158461","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954633,0.0027086022,0.00024924456,0.00012975851,0.0003343073,0.00014588208,0.000014151713,0.00003774369,0.0009169954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986355,0.00007196888,0.000008426302,0.0008632474,0.00027179343,0.00003181195,0.000013408405,0.000031131505,0.000072732975],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981878,0.00042938694,0.00048449318,0.00024916945,0.0003266511,0.0003225304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910283,0.00021369038,0.00017263307,0.00039649734,0.000049659193,0.0000647188],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005108461,0.000194961,0.00032011373,0.00002828437,0.00015185591,0.000063141444,0.000573008,0.00011953932,0.000024563145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008064947,0.00011002321,0.00009155205,0.00032388707,0.00008587882,0.00011679772,0.00008663751,0.00021912037,0.000008940338],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024886354,0.00011196749,0.01583428,0.0003750793,0.0001496063,0.00002913152,0.0056596496,0.028844278,0.93740666,0.006098206,0.0010615499,0.0041807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011378775,0.00034388565,0.000912686,0.00024376602,0.00006718785,0.000106281106,0.003560475,0.7298716,0.14191745,0.000022824026,0.121286705,0.0005292968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033759825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002858945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79548925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034782734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005924697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9726744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3111811866","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.061","title":"Development of an extremely concentrated solar energy delivery system using silica optical fiber bundle for deployment of solar energy: Daylighting to photocatalytic wastewater treatment","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Daylighting; Solar energy; Materials science; Photocatalysis; Wastewater; Environmental science; Process engineering; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Architectural engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.045884338162694376,"score_gpt":0.24413947572191166,"score_spread":0.19825513755921728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3111811866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9710782,0.0006409041,0.026097946,0.00003709463,0.00042305043,0.00057084736,0.00013762443,0.0002587248,0.00075558457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98934126,0.000013858749,0.008925789,0.00024088676,0.0003650635,0.00029508065,0.00027346864,0.00019657261,0.00034803548],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99527174,0.00030305842,0.0016838253,0.0010469804,0.0006707115,0.001023659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99740607,0.00017091405,0.0006090106,0.00072245917,0.0003380323,0.0007535433],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000337166,0.000764836,0.0012793739,0.00018714365,0.000303885,0.00007300492,0.00058237824,0.0003611804,0.00011422398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003916079,0.0006700191,0.00039597877,0.0004723268,0.00008995819,0.00024932198,0.00018438243,0.000099347984,0.00001700777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011802027,0.0007267483,0.00008247639,0.00034861418,0.0010380663,0.00004439664,0.0024626444,0.021483473,0.9557506,0.002250562,0.000043322616,0.014588911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019301499,0.0010658051,0.000010481122,0.00027926438,0.00024096553,0.000029690087,0.00080094364,0.07762332,0.8531295,0.000016046157,0.06421947,0.00065437704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0077899634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011539417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10262109,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005964807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004461583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3113985015","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.058","title":"Characterization of shortwave and longwave properties of several plastic film mulches and their impact on the surface energy balance and soil temperature","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Longwave; Shortwave; Mulch; Shortwave radiation; Plastic film; Energy balance; Environmental science; Daytime; Atmospheric sciences; Plastic mulch; Materials science; Radiation; Radiative transfer; Physics; Horticulture; Optics; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.014682221694793917,"score_gpt":0.17126061144201338,"score_spread":0.15657838974721947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3113985015","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979528,0.00016205228,0.000010508289,0.0017368828,0.000018608112,0.000037972375,0.000034673474,0.00000713324,0.000039341652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991145,0.0003678471,0.0000038033597,0.00036248332,0.00003938357,0.0000020865207,0.000028699325,0.0000010072996,0.00008019802],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999533,0.0000645512,0.000108108936,0.00014018924,0.00007255388,0.00008159598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997447,0.00007249548,0.00008740928,0.000027953565,0.000030186595,0.000037234448],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006271333,0.00009839373,0.00012418504,0.000004001985,0.00007375977,0.000046210367,0.000051857067,0.000034565724,0.000016418764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019023862,0.000027980333,0.000020920521,0.0000703389,0.00006142041,0.0001201077,0.000057099285,0.000040616345,9.986675e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008839204,0.000017654635,0.0013748432,0.000019248348,0.00003238514,6.0579515e-7,0.00052283134,0.0002078366,0.99506253,0.00089381874,0.000022377166,0.0017574889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026856415,0.0010438184,0.119934574,0.0001132519,0.00003275081,0.000007067172,0.0013311821,0.039089434,0.834419,0.00023971626,0.0032242679,0.00029633334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000245234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005837662,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16064349,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000027478914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034217992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11410049},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119702606","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2020.12.049","title":"Synergistic combination of TiO2-sol interconnecting-modified photoanode with alginate hydrogel-assisted electrolyte for quantum dots sensitized solar cells","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Electrolyte; Energy conversion efficiency; Quantum dot; Quasi-solid; Surface modification; Polysulfide; Chemical engineering; Surface roughness; Nanotechnology; Electrode; Optoelectronics; Dye-sensitized solar cell; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.011425436167148117,"score_gpt":0.24632951625968577,"score_spread":0.23490408009253766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3119702606","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.443682,0.00022767251,0.55113304,0.000119600125,0.00027619745,0.0005133504,0.00007447007,0.00053980853,0.00343392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927951,0.000045593042,0.004945307,0.00023344428,0.000051930852,0.00024961118,0.00057043333,0.00014294265,0.00096564606],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99730986,0.00019946833,0.0007015652,0.0007418771,0.00042661632,0.00062059914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99735224,0.00044154053,0.0005348564,0.00081993686,0.00072265015,0.00012880127],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002822499,0.00045427412,0.0008141905,0.00021247761,0.0001838535,0.000044962955,0.00029639358,0.00021546848,0.00003612727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021611729,0.00045056696,0.00024391465,0.00052866683,0.00009805514,0.00019562185,0.00010094985,0.00023357099,0.0000028262382],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005136587,0.00026578197,0.000006782081,0.000109834116,0.0003514736,0.000078962476,0.00009567452,0.004294925,0.96511984,0.026438072,0.00015176035,0.002573235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019975745,0.00030049885,0.000010530268,0.000121083925,0.0001980424,0.00003667387,0.00008875146,0.04906453,0.93419653,0.008465237,0.005024852,0.0004957164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018883273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042065263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5491131,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027581392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034485655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3148488442","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.042","title":"Power ramp rates and variability of individual and aggregate photovoltaic systems using measured production data at the municipal scale","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency","keywords":"Environmental science; Photovoltaic system; Pyranometer; Intermittency; Electricity; Aggregate (composite); Electricity generation; Electric power system; Grid; Meteorology; Power (physics); Solar energy; Mathematics; Engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering; Materials science","score_opus":0.04193338685830437,"score_gpt":0.26420890087991805,"score_spread":0.2222755140216137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3148488442","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98419,0.0036102051,0.011053705,0.00014294143,0.0007244776,0.00012576043,0.000045501787,0.000036489568,0.00007095905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978824,0.00013967209,0.0016740615,0.000086084416,0.000050119383,0.00000509617,0.00003386149,0.000009142669,0.000119549135],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983004,0.000496293,0.0002357099,0.0004879788,0.0003104597,0.00016920803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99832755,0.00012256188,0.00014639187,0.0011818189,0.00015163771,0.00007004449],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014156733,0.00011827012,0.00017996036,0.000039796952,0.00024352384,0.00019069247,0.00046905744,0.000074885735,0.000007888297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002889788,0.00009450142,0.000023014874,0.0003377987,0.00015468735,0.00039688262,0.000898588,0.000098891665,4.831796e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084346706,0.0003623769,0.057655204,0.00025609622,0.00048787,0.000025300158,0.01277513,0.0026189557,0.9084526,0.0075970413,0.0013818993,0.008303209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009662826,0.000077688564,0.0148964,0.00012162965,0.00011238663,0.0004647288,0.0007798801,0.5681777,0.38615462,0.0019533443,0.025742266,0.00055306766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062198075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036963465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56555873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002966635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001174292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3853656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153327057","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.065","title":"Biophilic photobiological adaptive envelopes for sub-Arctic buildings: Exploring impacts of window sizes and shading panels’ color, reflectance, and configuration","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Université Laval","keywords":"Daylighting; Shading; Arctic; Computer science; Environmental science; Building envelope; Architectural engineering; Remote sensing; Window (computing); Adaptation (eye); Meteorology; Geography; Ecology; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.03510870285098004,"score_gpt":0.22990710818748686,"score_spread":0.19479840533650683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3153327057","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975909,0.00040614718,0.0014794138,0.00006548978,0.000053193064,0.00011368053,0.000010555221,0.000017170038,0.00026346382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99764186,0.00059459946,0.0015248279,0.00008630646,0.00003161526,0.00005669549,0.000016687198,0.0000093001345,0.00003809996],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922955,0.00004837742,0.0001638294,0.00028232974,0.000089301284,0.00018661426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995935,0.00016664172,0.00006985508,0.00007919736,0.000023380322,0.000067435016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001309342,0.00010841337,0.00016551172,0.000025569883,0.000110262954,0.000024032382,0.00004313237,0.000070008755,0.000041834424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015526189,0.00009616413,0.000026945318,0.00012923495,0.0001313036,0.0002584268,0.000057653247,0.00004735032,0.000001116864],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053404336,0.000017417598,0.009033125,0.000016454875,0.000015087325,0.0000031121467,0.0004528609,0.000035980604,0.9859428,0.0013815872,0.000014713648,0.0030334862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045709262,0.00026930368,0.046699304,0.000055629258,0.000021291282,0.000020857984,0.00032052278,0.00049998326,0.9483717,0.0022845862,0.000847293,0.00015243051],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001591361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020234188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03766618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068022026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014873893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39214593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3174039233","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.05.091","title":"Early stage design for an institutional net zero energy archetype building. Part 1: Methodology, form and sensitivity analysis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Roof; Building-integrated photovoltaics; Facade; Sensitivity (control systems); Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Tilt (camera); Zero-energy building; Architectural engineering; Solar energy; Computer science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.05733164627616504,"score_gpt":0.2653317016603475,"score_spread":0.20800005538418243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3174039233","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.047947578,0.00032308648,0.9511089,0.00002096774,0.00021171251,0.000026499361,0.00003257783,0.00015777706,0.00017090312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81385684,0.0002530869,0.18504192,0.00013219766,0.00010885275,0.000034351335,0.00027392985,0.000029328703,0.00026946183],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989119,0.0001924722,0.0001931106,0.00031186533,0.00011151752,0.00027912913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929184,0.00021766906,0.000038430302,0.00024886156,0.0000909745,0.000112208916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045898935,0.00017760739,0.0002766766,0.00015385795,0.00017694227,0.000059379192,0.0000588697,0.00017866257,0.000017115823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055339235,0.00019433195,0.00010580371,0.00041761526,0.000054138123,0.0002608452,0.000042993808,0.00008814305,1.1485557e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025988107,0.000021543692,0.00013878499,0.000010051975,0.00038169159,0.000013434053,0.000041367217,0.9015823,0.0033032058,0.086493485,0.00009258112,0.007895591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000303999,0.000075388445,0.00039447733,0.000007659122,0.00022182174,0.000022291959,0.000012047952,0.9344271,0.03582377,0.0056932284,0.02271582,0.00030242073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040062456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008151461,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76606697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046013265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058648573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7924627},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3186681403","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.06.053","title":"Solar water pumping systems: A tool to assist in sizing and optimization","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sizing; Dimensioning; Photovoltaic system; Tariff; Computer science; Population; Water scarcity; Total cost of ownership; Environmental economics; Water supply; Grid; Electricity; Operations research; Reliability engineering; Environmental science; Water resources; Environmental engineering; Business; Engineering; Economics","score_opus":0.010688473629561821,"score_gpt":0.22316133827585471,"score_spread":0.2124728646462929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3186681403","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.037870258,0.0009456877,0.9514456,0.00034461048,0.0005542898,0.0003116013,0.000012783187,0.00062847254,0.007886737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755031,0.00015331064,0.022104243,0.0005889409,0.00012599121,0.00020393348,0.0001160511,0.0000788793,0.0011255505],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981533,0.00024715456,0.0004990654,0.00047325337,0.00023955283,0.00038763034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992193,0.000044875866,0.000068911715,0.00038688528,0.00017734629,0.00010268324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000375646,0.0002114793,0.00033530896,0.00024689885,0.00012172506,0.0002268669,0.00013403551,0.00018227923,0.00009371034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015275233,0.00019905916,0.000048486636,0.00038823925,0.000017705039,0.00027976517,0.00017511948,0.00009737857,0.000014681793],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019076073,0.000051522686,0.0006549431,0.00008423336,0.000043814623,0.00010263322,0.0005047057,0.9392801,0.050059382,0.0063594934,0.00013840756,0.0027016674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075997354,0.00005493191,0.000098517194,0.00049265544,0.000028174347,0.00012161129,0.0006140211,0.30702195,0.6048455,0.00036025504,0.0848345,0.0007679062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024763402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00066441135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93763286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018333684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056314548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8117396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214121198","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.10.069","title":"Impact of the reverse bias voltage on the lifetime of polymer solar cells","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Reverse bias; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Biasing; Voltage; Polymer; Environmental science; Optics; Engineering physics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.008069568976285425,"score_gpt":0.19412094839881291,"score_spread":0.1860513794225275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3214121198","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993288,0.0018766507,0.00026548226,0.00010944044,0.00036337136,0.000057521782,0.00007134553,0.000036613324,0.0039315973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99839735,0.00040869068,0.000006677899,0.000112159265,0.000055908193,0.000001612741,0.0000037459154,0.000034205295,0.0009796562],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992965,0.000051776206,0.00017802612,0.00010102873,0.0001637431,0.00020891751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992599,0.00009440817,0.000053970318,0.00051438075,0.00004131169,0.00003606298],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001237033,0.00012421975,0.0001590678,0.000025719872,0.000042508964,0.000010006263,0.00021754838,0.00007947555,0.0003735563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031090214,0.000074659765,0.0002190673,0.00029130784,0.000030498957,0.000023931789,0.00005220157,0.0001853916,0.000007254054],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000045897777,0.000032732845,0.00013540452,0.000012435577,0.00012599697,0.0000023947332,0.00011141198,0.0025111919,0.9913383,0.0018250372,0.0036587832,0.00024172085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000982127,0.00005186453,0.00018912095,0.000022850763,0.000021289321,0.0000024864573,0.000017396744,0.0014448146,0.9889016,0.00019517954,0.008971795,0.00008336609],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039916195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008688344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0053130127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042737873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011447552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40901795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200198457","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.040","title":"Optimizing bifacial all-perovskite tandem solar cell: How to balance light absorption and recombination","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Energy Market Authority of Singapore; National Research Foundation Singapore; Economic Development Board - Singapore; National University of Singapore","keywords":"Tandem; Perovskite (structure); Perovskite solar cell; Absorption (acoustics); Materials science; Optoelectronics; Power (physics); Optics; Energy conversion efficiency; Computer science; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007526838972243748,"score_gpt":0.19464886364699463,"score_spread":0.1871220246747509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200198457","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8104071,0.0016882012,0.17781913,0.0031491567,0.0010805893,0.00017237247,0.000044616063,0.00057598023,0.005062864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99320376,0.0006919175,0.004942604,0.0002063832,0.00019893111,0.000051980398,0.000087349974,0.00003880408,0.00057824666],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926716,0.000025253084,0.00014248816,0.00023967699,0.00010418032,0.0002212249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996176,0.000013510969,0.000027047048,0.00018945003,0.000051802403,0.000100591],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008388488,0.00014215076,0.0001530322,0.000055882585,0.00009508578,0.00017434305,0.00007898428,0.00009864234,0.0000430733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012188635,0.00015870314,0.000034529792,0.00015850233,0.000008013465,0.00016523743,0.000046446374,0.00006789716,0.000018725459],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020579032,0.000021121732,0.00003303681,0.000023283234,0.000016129095,0.0000044936673,0.00021937372,0.0032965734,0.98758614,0.001295628,0.0015798877,0.005922248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037042666,0.000027073329,0.0005398691,0.00003228582,0.000022312222,0.000010435478,0.00007219924,0.017901398,0.62711626,0.0005792625,0.35296795,0.0003605638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011703376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042170344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36046994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049590773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001286238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64717263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200214884","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.024","title":"Bioengineered solar harvesting systems for next generation applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Computer science; Scalability; Energy harvesting; Solar fuel; Biochemical engineering; Systems engineering; Materials science; Photocatalysis; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.08016022634442087,"score_gpt":0.2910165195919005,"score_spread":0.21085629324747962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200214884","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015609267,0.0048831394,0.9889,0.00030675632,0.0010911005,0.00029875888,0.000050968938,0.00039457227,0.0025137903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.55753994,0.0009004905,0.39532223,0.0010495431,0.0064901644,0.005400845,0.005003057,0.00045161482,0.027842097],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977641,0.00030702967,0.00057422405,0.0006435492,0.00024992172,0.00046115584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980531,0.00021961695,0.00017604681,0.0008753143,0.0005021339,0.00017380231],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051150454,0.00027205978,0.00031775856,0.00015055448,0.0003571209,0.000373806,0.0002884242,0.00025021884,0.000070588016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030834562,0.00030047388,0.00016513029,0.00053340505,0.00003689747,0.0003668661,0.00005963376,0.00013916967,0.000054491436],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011096396,0.00012034726,0.0000537924,0.00010548511,0.00016585516,0.000007435049,0.00017175384,0.0476129,0.58243245,0.31088486,0.0027016439,0.055732388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042523083,0.000022669085,0.000022698101,0.000016665075,0.00005068083,0.0000311955,0.00013978555,0.11936946,0.16559094,0.0013241674,0.7126641,0.00034236076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005558401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014772058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7099625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011818629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015453556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200555527","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.033","title":"Survey and evaluation of solar technologies for agricultural greenhouse application","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Greenhouse; Environmental science; Solar energy; Agricultural engineering; Environmentally friendly; Greenhouse gas; Agriculture; Sustainability; Engineering; Agronomy; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.026606335660146346,"score_gpt":0.24111893862416278,"score_spread":0.21451260296401645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200555527","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99658483,0.0017554689,0.00036067466,0.0007770937,0.00003543311,0.00015794612,0.000071721886,0.00017958616,0.00007727071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992681,0.00019399635,0.000089553454,0.000031042786,0.000022164231,0.00010959983,0.00024874584,0.0000010237324,0.000035739584],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918485,0.0001001074,0.00016341869,0.0002473551,0.0001470249,0.00015723292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923205,0.00015985372,0.00009724141,0.00008016808,0.00041218835,0.000018500541],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005073308,0.00009441736,0.00016042631,0.000010912411,0.00012649858,0.000015024577,0.00013534585,0.00020336855,0.000015147953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022786239,0.00003956874,0.000050634688,0.00024119091,0.000070787864,0.00006907214,0.00006573964,0.000055117885,0.0000013435478],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017925733,0.00006371782,0.011926662,0.000007117015,0.00003050561,3.0804404e-7,0.000011378369,0.000007883296,0.45448345,0.0046246583,0.00011171173,0.5287147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079906464,0.0002719763,0.6991107,0.00001627418,0.00011234336,0.000013976469,0.0011566436,0.0026636205,0.27490872,0.014654043,0.005961677,0.00033096137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018668987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008733361,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68718404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013622968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010779441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48734203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210586041","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2022.01.041","title":"A reliable framework to predict the temperature dependent thermal conductivity of multicomponent salt based PCMs in both solid and liquid state","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Thermal conductivity; Thermodynamics; Melting point; Grain size; Porosity; Molten salt; Microstructure; Volume fraction; Phase (matter); Thermal energy storage; Composite material; Metallurgy; Chemistry","score_opus":0.014118304515378486,"score_gpt":0.2472996290544651,"score_spread":0.2331813245390866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210586041","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979657,0.00043868757,0.00071205874,0.00017446041,0.00026034846,0.0001970199,0.00014188018,0.000056892182,0.00005297788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992673,0.00004385252,0.00022366,0.00013019957,0.000053035372,0.00019522804,0.000016150465,0.00003983449,0.000030773164],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987704,0.00019260534,0.00018965101,0.00019680918,0.00032522893,0.00032526575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945354,0.00010154634,0.000025170775,0.00031381284,0.000021575543,0.00008432982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004849725,0.000136406,0.00020892489,0.00011537975,0.00009342722,0.000032901524,0.00022795793,0.000054885386,0.0001306242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004132154,0.000111499234,0.000027631979,0.00020241842,0.00003334429,0.000059750866,0.00023444743,0.00033117694,0.0000010229522],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019285799,0.00005758939,0.00006641054,0.000039352806,0.000020116582,0.000019642093,0.00062964944,0.28397694,0.71475863,0.000045033412,0.000077155404,0.00011662719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074689864,0.00034508467,0.00091832137,0.00006529621,0.0000076160186,0.000006524961,0.00020475699,0.063035585,0.9314781,0.00013366765,0.002824795,0.00023334527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005822745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017142876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22094135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011526241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051796207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45468068},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250737055","doi":"10.1016/s0038-092x(04)00070-2","title":"Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and automated control of electric lighting and blinds","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Electric light; Daylight; Computer science; Occupancy; Daylighting; Range (aeronautics); Automotive engineering; Smart lighting; Simulation; Energy (signal processing); Real-time computing; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Optics; Statistics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.004335507545520729,"score_gpt":0.19260930751457092,"score_spread":0.1882737999690502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250737055","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1554993,0.0011397891,0.8427336,0.00002824502,0.000044235065,0.000048355603,0.000004532703,0.00032548307,0.00017642656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929068,0.00016175542,0.006764039,0.00003476921,0.00003012442,0.00001923558,0.0000062267795,0.000023448365,0.00005357675],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995437,0.0000046023547,0.00014036671,0.000108007924,0.00005277553,0.00015053421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981415,0.000019706416,0.000028805394,0.00007110579,0.00002745439,0.000038750906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005486398,0.00009715458,0.00013710497,0.00009198971,0.000051408617,0.00001391615,0.00004015913,0.000092628514,7.6911283e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000072243465,0.000094000316,0.00002339017,0.0001061016,0.000010517887,0.0000840097,0.00000836305,0.000040570976,4.6380375e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013922605,0.000010131652,0.000012131566,0.00002595797,0.00003526327,4.952921e-7,0.000071298346,0.9721379,0.010607424,0.015473666,0.000027477216,0.001584327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008883435,0.00004181646,0.000018015362,0.00001789073,0.000023671746,0.000005633301,0.0000033808747,0.97305197,0.023881141,0.0018226053,0.00013879218,0.00010673342],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020772137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019787363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8374075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015317673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015263038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38332215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281254445","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2022.05.027","title":"Energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis while drying ivy gourd in a passive indirect solar dryer without and with energy storage system and results comparison","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Institute of Technology Warangal","keywords":"Exergy; Solar dryer; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Paraffin wax; Thermal energy storage; Process engineering; Solar energy; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Wax; Engineering; Physics; Composite material; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.008422001914644543,"score_gpt":0.18149324128932903,"score_spread":0.1730712393746845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281254445","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99653834,0.001981388,0.0000968546,0.00037167536,0.000042253374,0.000066601104,0.00012403437,0.00012619731,0.00065263326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99887127,0.00039446726,0.000028899396,0.00011872024,0.00004967039,0.00009098961,0.00013601038,0.000005767192,0.00030421402],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99793476,0.00030958874,0.0004236997,0.00073323783,0.00016751206,0.00043119435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992438,0.00016759717,0.00029773187,0.00014356461,0.000016934357,0.00013039981],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032952862,0.0002927333,0.0006662061,0.00014296903,0.00057545915,0.000084743166,0.00021634073,0.00018602953,0.000046049438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008320819,0.00015459172,0.00006905301,0.0004316445,0.00017128224,0.00014281036,0.000310015,0.00022859835,6.908891e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002988008,0.00064824667,0.6774944,0.000064815715,0.0026225832,0.00045917596,0.0021355853,0.006372487,0.045515116,0.023883859,0.0005940715,0.23722167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012961925,0.006166285,0.51407933,0.00028367338,0.002657895,0.00057417055,0.03434442,0.21950209,0.0137116285,0.0018446596,0.18857418,0.00529976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007884433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.052748885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23192191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012277106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015560981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99872214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281476167","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2022.05.026","title":"Influence of hot water blanching and saline immersion period on the thermal effusivity and the drying kinetics of hybrid solar drying of sweet potato chips","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Food Drying and Modeling","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund; Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","keywords":"Thermal effusivity; Blanching; Materials science; Shrinkage; Thermal diffusivity; Water content; Composite material; Solar dryer; Volume (thermodynamics); Equilibrium moisture content; Thermal; Chemistry; Food science; Thermodynamics; Thermal resistance","score_opus":0.009997125304020789,"score_gpt":0.18459992462950572,"score_spread":0.17460279932548495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281476167","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99889046,0.00033427816,0.000016083173,0.00059091015,0.000030090503,0.0000648745,0.000015642288,0.00000712305,0.00005056586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999688,0.00007132946,0.000020599717,0.00016371369,0.00003138197,0.000005571191,0.000008765819,0.0000017523365,0.000008854495],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902433,0.00021285571,0.00021958203,0.00016450127,0.00021544943,0.00016325165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950576,0.00022344079,0.00012661466,0.00008072143,0.000037289206,0.000026159207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006122958,0.00010313146,0.00019496793,0.000012856481,0.0003306233,0.000015745089,0.0001818385,0.000021593829,0.00001739171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040745035,0.000031235304,0.000060737217,0.0000766762,0.00016171587,0.000039319402,0.0002742674,0.00014088725,1.0501838e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017124627,0.000030866588,0.0007827176,0.000012393657,0.00001771674,0.0000012379594,0.0008994201,0.011024909,0.9811942,0.0003890096,0.0000024337123,0.0054738284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062651595,0.00064484833,0.010478341,0.00008452595,0.000045014865,0.000023291248,0.002162996,0.008795187,0.9760568,0.00051523827,0.00037150664,0.00019572403],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009613928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000355046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009695623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000062176955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003888863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25429204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281619430","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2022.05.054","title":"Solidification of a nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) in a double elliptical latent heat storage unit with wavy inner tubes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nanofluid; Phase-change material; Heat transfer; Tube (container); Annulus (botany); RADIUS; Reynolds number; Composite material; Latent heat; Mechanics; Thermal energy storage; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Thermal; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.05051645361370827,"score_gpt":0.2768476228465856,"score_spread":0.22633116923287733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281619430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977593,0.00014640689,0.0009552588,0.00007790689,0.0003510587,0.00024030528,0.00013244226,0.00010777614,0.00022955849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985413,0.00009002211,0.00008136488,0.000023090766,0.00017010349,0.00068098656,0.0002524064,0.00006461497,0.00009611395],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986154,0.000114944756,0.00025380982,0.00024064997,0.00036062626,0.0004145923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951226,0.000018144385,0.000020767915,0.0003122963,0.000048205315,0.000088315704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025534534,0.00018135557,0.0002870494,0.00028085208,0.0000690515,0.000036938713,0.00022349763,0.000066915534,0.0006499719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005171168,0.0001742257,0.000032561784,0.00043484053,0.00004566638,0.00016442998,0.00013114132,0.00014234948,0.000006986102],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000861541,0.00025634962,0.000010141826,0.00010147115,0.00003132202,0.00004020343,0.00087032124,0.00837069,0.98834014,0.00051644375,0.00005041229,0.00055093813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030046965,0.0004064202,0.00003599062,0.00003489744,0.00001103727,0.000012529714,0.00013113506,0.018031524,0.97359,0.00004292702,0.0044597727,0.00023905477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053970347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017846309,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014750151,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017648899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003739273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7116736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292994870","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2022.08.008","title":"Energy modelling and saving potential of polymeric solar-responsive thermochromic window films","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Glazing; Materials science; Building envelope; Transmittance; Building energy simulation; Hysteresis; Thermal; Heat transfer; Solar energy; Environmental science; Efficient energy use; Optics; Optoelectronics; Energy performance; Meteorology; Composite material; Mechanics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.00466647952084739,"score_gpt":0.1642935447837359,"score_spread":0.1596270652628885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4292994870","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35003737,0.003339279,0.6451601,0.00002094236,0.00048721422,0.000029286757,0.00001880064,0.00019588621,0.00071114517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99728096,0.0003402513,0.0018869452,0.000074177326,0.000056791258,0.00002506337,0.000043883305,0.000055952478,0.00023597789],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991099,0.00006467913,0.00021195629,0.00019517119,0.000183815,0.00023446776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963635,0.000030360365,0.00006044984,0.00019820883,0.000021410682,0.00005324252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008541855,0.00016100497,0.00019382244,0.00015585145,0.00020542466,0.000019696216,0.000157344,0.000068168454,0.00015646388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000024176961,0.000185172,0.00007073692,0.0002250312,0.000032773245,0.000115132665,0.00011817677,0.00013019689,1.4852453e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033436252,0.000015489493,0.0000087073295,0.000008224012,0.000058910347,0.0000079626025,0.0000960227,0.936652,0.054725476,0.0028539284,0.00006173497,0.0054780776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026950444,0.000050938223,0.00002139733,0.000010348654,0.000026567861,0.000034323333,0.0001239503,0.96427184,0.033419326,0.00050014205,0.0010582206,0.0002134445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035019152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011693175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6472436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036670895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030122568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7551095},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307963380","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2022.10.023","title":"Concentration ratio for a solar trough concentrator with circular mirror and flat receiver","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Parabolic trough; Concentrator; Trough (economics); Optics; Nonimaging optics; Diameter ratio; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Physics; Cuboid; Planar; Spillage; Aspect ratio (aeronautics); Geometry; Intersection (aeronautics); Materials science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Optoelectronics; Meteorology; Engineering","score_opus":0.014126585735009915,"score_gpt":0.21245523536325772,"score_spread":0.1983286496282478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307963380","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9632499,0.004155702,0.025141422,0.00042944832,0.0016259874,0.0011926263,0.00025276153,0.0003597673,0.0035923424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99646497,0.000039884668,0.00033769297,0.00081509794,0.00018882962,0.00051906845,0.0002355331,0.00006295981,0.0013359739],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982548,0.00025425878,0.00029643482,0.00045218976,0.00032285217,0.0004194879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918425,0.000096218486,0.00019455653,0.00029323547,0.00009122518,0.0001404973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024334068,0.0002445331,0.00030720144,0.000036894766,0.00057397597,0.000075667216,0.00017279554,0.00009051008,0.0003971675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027311473,0.00022276795,0.00009527902,0.00019280509,0.00007551724,0.00019942153,0.000048994352,0.00014243159,0.0000054663337],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0027338928,0.0002901519,0.009178451,0.0002349283,0.0011290419,0.00015951345,0.0076075443,0.0043138596,0.8471896,0.108707346,0.0036838723,0.014771817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034997365,0.00063490245,0.00039826747,0.000023776727,0.00010349824,0.00012226478,0.00097185036,0.010819459,0.084574655,0.0011580215,0.8971353,0.00055826665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002892877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045864366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89345145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012177567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011660469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90842134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321016077","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.01.050","title":"Recognizing the life and scientific contributions of a pioneer in solar thermochemistry: Prof. Aldo Steinfeld","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermochemistry; Honor; Mentorship; Renewable energy; Work (physics); Solar energy; Engineering physics; Fossil fuel; Nanotechnology; Sociology; Chemistry; Political science; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Law; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.009784582569400582,"score_gpt":0.2103463126304122,"score_spread":0.20056173006101163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321016077","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938947,0.0033443468,0.00046396366,0.00051244785,0.00014856983,0.000068644214,0.00003074311,0.0002554776,0.0012811297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99945223,0.00014486368,0.000018238381,0.000022844562,0.000050790444,0.000025396219,0.000037770013,0.000018942983,0.00022894747],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927676,0.00001499,0.00019081065,0.00016353557,0.000119066535,0.0002348493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953353,0.00014056044,0.000026385773,0.00018071645,0.000053436786,0.00006535775],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021761263,0.000104065635,0.00014808822,0.000051121853,0.000075991025,0.000038379392,0.00013698655,0.000092235125,0.000017209573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033024026,0.000082327126,0.000037051985,0.0005301792,0.00011567316,0.000049728627,0.00006171289,0.00015695895,0.0000053674084],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000045733677,0.000016082286,0.0000848869,0.00012292418,0.000035633602,0.0000015987122,0.00017289478,0.00049813755,0.9951151,0.0006356973,0.001202026,0.002110437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028619258,0.0000065602476,0.00009560842,0.000111885216,0.000013725266,0.0000023162477,0.0001281597,0.008740478,0.9792775,0.0034693445,0.007712366,0.00015587172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024797711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000083483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015837617,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018261626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031078864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33572027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321180381","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.02.018","title":"The potential for fencing to be used as low-cost solar photovoltaic racking","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Fencing; Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Fence (mathematics); Cost of electricity by source; Retrofitting; Capital cost; Computer science; Engineering; Electricity generation; Electrical engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.012396977944802696,"score_gpt":0.24765035061107268,"score_spread":0.23525337266627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321180381","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98651224,0.00003052423,0.009490142,0.00076352793,0.0008789548,0.00088609045,0.00002072917,0.00020725683,0.0012105181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934564,0.000013575695,0.00010930469,0.0007968617,0.00015511764,0.00038749105,0.000018094628,0.00003910369,0.005024005],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978153,0.000104993014,0.00031281574,0.0005047215,0.0004924852,0.0007696915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892527,0.0002149209,0.00008089743,0.0005400933,0.000031697586,0.00020713777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012603671,0.00019754979,0.00020021037,0.00004814158,0.00097063114,0.00014573104,0.00045777048,0.000101308135,0.0001380937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041710862,0.00015284198,0.00017216249,0.00052057387,0.00010056106,0.00018048263,0.000361317,0.00010570593,0.0001852235],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023653322,0.00012006507,0.010237363,0.000071784525,0.000083962506,0.00010766109,0.0035778638,0.025341626,0.8633678,0.0007687738,0.056261703,0.03982488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005941907,0.00010327197,0.0076564765,0.00002158863,0.0000185744,0.000011395605,0.0030216002,0.024443217,0.091233775,0.005066635,0.8673992,0.0004300631],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016911823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007996084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8111375,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036253413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058196038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98963463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321196325","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.02.013","title":"Monte-Carlo estimation of geometric sensitivities in Solar Power Tower systems of flat mirrors","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Heliostat; Monte Carlo method; Sensitivity (control systems); Tower; Computer science; Intensity (physics); Power (physics); Geometrical optics; Blocking (statistics); Geometric shape; Physics; Solar energy; Optics; Geometry; Mathematics; Electronic engineering; Statistics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.02100590473713422,"score_gpt":0.2361462027660529,"score_spread":0.21514029802891865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321196325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99384683,0.0008889077,0.00044530703,0.000013853089,0.0010405555,0.00013575584,0.00004204564,0.0001278977,0.0034588668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99721026,0.00006259052,0.000050556126,0.000020212306,0.000051882515,0.000036183268,0.000033888617,0.000052951596,0.002481473],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977947,0.00025956496,0.0007436867,0.0003048168,0.00048751105,0.00040971633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866307,0.00030121166,0.00036561748,0.00045331914,0.00013753813,0.00007924878],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006643182,0.0002472841,0.00061120995,0.00096654944,0.000048769314,0.000021726335,0.00020569592,0.00024121933,0.00008204669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020925821,0.00023315531,0.00018074414,0.0018511445,0.000072262956,0.00019695103,0.00008509018,0.00012657505,0.000036811092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043675982,0.0003195624,0.029370295,0.00095674617,0.00069723494,0.0002185613,0.0088836225,0.737681,0.19461392,0.010102562,0.0021573643,0.014562418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004460051,0.0009090974,0.055158503,0.0017274916,0.0001729276,0.0001131089,0.010892668,0.38677445,0.4981859,0.0013152456,0.03818185,0.0021087264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05307814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013686465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35090652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071768445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048768823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9532275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362705822","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.03.045","title":"Comparison of random upright pyramids and inverted pyramid photonic crystals in thin crystalline silicon solar cells: An optical and morphological study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Ontario Research Foundation; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Materials science; Photonic crystal; Optoelectronics; Silicon; Optical path length; Crystalline silicon; Photocurrent; Absorption (acoustics); Optics; Photonics; Wavelength; Pyramid (geometry); Etching (microfabrication); Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.020357161988657824,"score_gpt":0.25610595226871397,"score_spread":0.23574879028005613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362705822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99541205,0.0012217257,0.0017985962,0.000049528317,0.000112386726,0.0002721431,0.000017153257,0.0010194752,0.00009694713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987877,0.0004923056,0.00055512256,0.000013166124,0.000015032038,0.00004230188,0.000022139971,0.000054456184,0.000017798655],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99816376,0.000118243355,0.00058539707,0.00044777303,0.00025360635,0.00043122025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922687,0.00015346296,0.000053051433,0.0004202548,0.000031800573,0.00011455633],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044907062,0.0003177582,0.0007639214,0.00037659827,0.00006304594,0.000044755358,0.00028263582,0.00035624963,0.00002139835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006819344,0.0002899787,0.000056691162,0.0005279725,0.00039796304,0.00017690327,0.00011115579,0.0004302326,0.0000023160385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022403138,0.0005742197,0.0049122632,0.00014327787,0.00013023896,0.00021021135,0.0025702973,0.040111214,0.94735235,0.00064608175,0.00009993881,0.0030258547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005973935,0.0011237751,0.009994132,0.00006789927,0.00009695185,0.000022309752,0.0037538041,0.5968929,0.37829614,0.0017293761,0.0012922726,0.0007565089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020346802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007903535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5690563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054886266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001596315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4365520222","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.04.009","title":"Development of a molten salt thermal conductivity model and database for advanced energy systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ohio State University","keywords":"Molten salt; Thermal conductivity; Salt (chemistry); Database; Materials science; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Thermodynamics; Process engineering; Computer science; Physical chemistry; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Composite material; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.021938060141688205,"score_gpt":0.22714919288329374,"score_spread":0.20521113274160555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4365520222","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4253487,0.0008484268,0.5721981,0.0000049140262,0.00016393018,0.000065377506,0.000062924235,0.00017856882,0.0011290523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953966,0.00017714403,0.0039532175,0.000008297707,0.000025543817,0.00007509647,0.000098607896,0.00003668464,0.00022881872],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993399,0.000009279943,0.00019384775,0.00015622572,0.00010128102,0.0001994755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968415,0.00003509001,0.000034479537,0.00014751332,0.000034838908,0.000063939544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012739714,0.00012550481,0.00020548374,0.000053030722,0.000046836263,0.000011203752,0.00009035147,0.00005604391,0.000003021318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008597357,0.00010997454,0.00003152436,0.00011542101,0.000018510518,0.000109704975,0.000054943528,0.000037191203,8.284056e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017485492,0.000012548632,4.7822823e-7,0.00023884156,0.00006194033,0.0000015813052,0.000098270946,0.8825917,0.08717811,0.023432545,0.000012397238,0.0063540605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027960524,0.000009483876,0.0000055653836,0.000022422199,0.000009331801,0.0000012280353,0.000045686556,0.9905716,0.0035037638,0.0006633824,0.0047515007,0.00013638615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021460384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003817264,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57004786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017747516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028866683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44846314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380786579","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.05.049","title":"Strong metal-carrier interactions via modulation of Pt oxidation states on defective BiOBr with greatly improved photocatalytic activity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Electron transfer; Metal; Materials science; Degradation (telecommunications); Phenol; Photochemistry; Electron; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Catalysis; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy; Physics","score_opus":0.015111518964851195,"score_gpt":0.27472911224010904,"score_spread":0.25961759327525785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380786579","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8257417,0.0000085093225,0.17154005,0.000022301692,0.00009095035,0.00035712306,0.00005596622,0.0005261377,0.0016572454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99736375,0.000018449335,0.0007370227,0.000020146603,0.00004092744,0.00033763124,0.00061290275,0.00007507769,0.0007940932],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985149,0.00011750866,0.0002909093,0.0004917421,0.00027658365,0.00030833678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865216,0.00016281322,0.0003205903,0.000602708,0.00018326235,0.000078444],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014998742,0.00029049118,0.0003506443,0.00043351596,0.00013053819,0.00002471768,0.00015752476,0.00010031351,0.000060739603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051472038,0.000258518,0.00014402796,0.00088897604,0.000093217146,0.00059862103,0.00006821085,0.00018097507,0.000017380711],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003867774,0.000117602234,0.00011310108,0.000019408915,0.0003243301,0.0000039623205,0.00029507783,0.04883457,0.9253699,0.002074006,0.000023586981,0.022437654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035309675,0.00031164332,0.0010613877,0.000031706433,0.0000947153,0.000003106402,0.00014352814,0.08708665,0.90637726,0.003282605,0.0009988814,0.0002554023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005134206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034837185,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17162202,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021705707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041581574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383617539","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.111830","title":"Illuminating sustainability: A comprehensive review of the environmental life cycle and exergetic impacts of solar systems on the agri-food sector","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Photovoltaic system; Life-cycle assessment; Renewable energy; Environmental economics; Context (archaeology); Environmental science; Solar energy; Environmental impact assessment; Environmental resource management; Natural resource economics; Business; Engineering; Production (economics); Economics; Ecology; Geography","score_opus":0.02128428388587616,"score_gpt":0.24958097090645034,"score_spread":0.22829668702057418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383617539","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010460337,0.98682666,0.0000036957285,0.000061901526,0.0001936456,0.002101996,0.00015411334,0.000023105122,0.00017452813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.11755237,0.8817864,0.000001999329,0.00009444144,0.000052846903,0.00026557405,0.000016799166,0.00006178845,0.00016778105],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952688,0.0016127294,0.0012364149,0.00062992197,0.0007710535,0.00048102936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99664956,0.0007543371,0.0011228082,0.0012669853,0.000038349397,0.00016795303],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013885015,0.0005120745,0.0017899678,0.000053761374,0.00027448498,0.000025125391,0.0007157826,0.00024021784,0.00009015766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008645641,0.0002787728,0.0006168162,0.0005257333,0.0007454349,0.000074255506,0.00090310693,0.00036693,0.0000069518014],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022226042,0.000750251,0.0017314249,0.8398046,0.0012187213,0.00003889059,0.0018070828,0.00029378064,0.00042372837,0.001532953,0.0038514133,0.14852493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024512532,0.00039348385,0.0016965759,0.059399698,0.00065220037,0.000048267822,0.0026831655,0.00013223618,0.000072202005,0.0005037889,0.93346864,0.0007046293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048975046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010659902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9296172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078287075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018401492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385370823","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.111884","title":"Evaluating risk factors in solar energy investments: A strategic approach for Iran’s market","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Environmental economics; Investment (military); Business; Solar energy; Financial risk; Risk analysis (engineering); Strategic planning; Risk management; Sustainable development; Finance; Economics; Marketing; Engineering","score_opus":0.06912062519961493,"score_gpt":0.27936897993793014,"score_spread":0.2102483547383152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385370823","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96767217,0.000088058594,0.0050527323,0.000043593172,0.00018991674,0.00017515675,0.000046158588,0.00016226934,0.026569974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912937,0.00035309186,0.0031253337,0.0003240091,0.000069321184,0.0001925148,0.00027470544,0.00006744549,0.004299861],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972609,0.00032532218,0.00038541097,0.00067491276,0.00050702086,0.0008463827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898344,0.00016926698,0.00016494816,0.0004442235,0.0000037902087,0.0002343117],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093996717,0.00035034615,0.00029304647,0.00014281977,0.0002828513,0.00005671029,0.00038178984,0.00021845926,0.0007882931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010845883,0.0003192128,0.00014520294,0.00059570285,0.00013134946,0.0003663998,0.00023799544,0.00017383705,0.000043912634],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012840323,0.00042172597,0.057685737,0.000028104047,0.00011002942,0.00001807221,0.00082966546,0.91497475,0.007778541,0.0025620102,0.003881356,0.011581593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004268146,0.00091550744,0.2184088,0.000057264813,0.00015581703,0.000009703037,0.0025630947,0.6856623,0.014222986,0.046333924,0.025343107,0.0020593319],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004049537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00073356327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22931243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029567434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022348246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386112421","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.111955","title":"The development of Au-titania photoanode composites toward semiflexible dye-sensitized solar cells","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Dye-sensitized solar cell; Materials science; Anode; Chemical engineering; Mesoporous material; Semiconductor; Cathode; Thermal treatment; Nanoparticle; Substrate (aquarium); Solar cell; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Electrode; Optoelectronics; Electrolyte; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Catalysis","score_opus":0.019032899347697276,"score_gpt":0.2343923639109315,"score_spread":0.2153594645632342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386112421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9053208,0.001198243,0.0075102695,0.00048074184,0.00213586,0.0005483642,0.000072480245,0.0010479236,0.0816853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99054617,0.00037505626,0.0022361607,0.00013719259,0.00014533069,0.000058910337,0.00018959702,0.00009073661,0.0062208567],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972159,0.00019813287,0.0007899595,0.00046803372,0.0005708133,0.00075715734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834967,0.00032023314,0.00024759944,0.0007453711,0.00016111475,0.00017600736],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079643173,0.00035123728,0.0005136682,0.000200386,0.0006109478,0.00010209285,0.00055246183,0.00019193327,0.0001372105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003207014,0.00027316902,0.00029266853,0.0008546506,0.00011016624,0.00011270231,0.00028696063,0.00019079157,0.0004858768],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107239015,0.00009727134,0.0001539854,0.000052751788,0.00039961378,0.000025856481,0.0025750308,0.0034138903,0.9772251,0.0049002795,0.0032207076,0.007828274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003860231,0.000029158185,0.00020441168,0.000027705886,0.00003768221,0.0000025658044,0.00048234788,0.0024802322,0.71050686,0.00041373618,0.28515935,0.0002699117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023894464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038187117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28193864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014150947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033425936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386872422","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.111999","title":"Scalable, solution-based dye-sensitized photovoltaic fibers with an electrolytic solid-state ion conductor","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alberta Precision Laboratories; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Materials science; Auxiliary electrode; Quasi-solid; Electrolyte; Succinonitrile; Nanotechnology; Electrode; Dye-sensitized solar cell; Photovoltaic system; Mesoporous material; Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Catalysis; Electrical engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.012296726590257108,"score_gpt":0.23224042742509746,"score_spread":0.21994370083484036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386872422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99063313,0.0001263685,0.0034552503,0.00016268565,0.00037665284,0.0002850457,0.000041053547,0.0011304393,0.0037893925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990844,0.00005257315,0.0005463356,0.0006843551,0.00018243138,0.00010196055,0.0008960853,0.0001543669,0.006537883],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99685764,0.00027224186,0.00046693542,0.00079755177,0.00056017505,0.0010454617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982391,0.00012891112,0.00018541762,0.00089413597,0.00019515646,0.0003572614],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004154248,0.00045666305,0.000566655,0.0003988054,0.0003980243,0.00015232581,0.00031879955,0.00020515228,0.00035334186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037936155,0.00040390517,0.00022391495,0.0012832516,0.00012644577,0.00030585562,0.000052228974,0.00026444282,0.0004181452],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004997919,0.00015515763,0.00012787816,0.000032595108,0.0002386903,0.00016544235,0.00020870211,0.04697767,0.94711524,0.0009902957,0.0016959796,0.0017925714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023763012,0.0005320645,0.00030623114,0.000043760712,0.00012811282,0.000017354683,0.00011684675,0.23088148,0.73320687,0.0011453027,0.030454606,0.000791064],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006508191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008251459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21390836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017354725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030729818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387083361","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.112044","title":"Experimental performance of a full-scale solar thermal system designed to meet residential heating demands with passive solar energy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Overheating (electricity); Passive solar building design; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Solar energy; Storage heater; Thermal; Photovoltaic system; Solar gain; Nuclear engineering; Solar air conditioning; Zero-energy building; Solar water heating; Heat pump; Passive house; Heating system; Meteorology; Automotive engineering; Efficient energy use; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.004671670462631357,"score_gpt":0.1837287083621434,"score_spread":0.17905703789951202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387083361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8623965,0.00017056541,0.13554329,0.000013368524,0.00032426676,0.00006992388,0.000006784039,0.00059966266,0.0008756466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99585664,0.000025696645,0.0034530836,0.000032213167,0.00018937633,0.00013200015,0.000043479577,0.00009690896,0.0001706156],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984906,0.00006330215,0.0003545383,0.00029978246,0.00033808214,0.00045370698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993728,0.000031947584,0.00008122307,0.00032148144,0.000065797714,0.00012677995],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014492188,0.00027608484,0.0003199299,0.00022881897,0.00021815453,0.000047614707,0.00024577652,0.00015385513,0.000019303761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004435322,0.00026150743,0.00008165332,0.00057467335,0.000033377695,0.0002589062,0.00008763784,0.00007601855,0.0000027030414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000115285395,0.000019339168,0.00014899732,0.00006173809,0.000090799374,0.000011759414,0.0003537005,0.8336199,0.16328207,0.0012369682,0.00025880395,0.00080066384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042346705,0.00029403574,0.00010512653,0.00017379588,0.000027161062,0.000020702571,0.0003613854,0.44018474,0.5578769,0.000004779024,0.00023241472,0.00029548144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020663296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018069353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39459485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010788734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004220915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387158198","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.112037","title":"Experimental optimization of the heating element for a direct-coupled solar photovoltaic water heater","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Cégep de Baie-Comeau; Cégep de Jonquière; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; TRNSYS; Maximum power point tracking; Environmental science; Heating element; Solar energy; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Automotive engineering; Maximum power principle; Nuclear engineering; Electrical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics; Voltage","score_opus":0.01451818569550116,"score_gpt":0.2464007568093435,"score_spread":0.23188257111384236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387158198","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4142816,0.00066254596,0.55779,0.00046701758,0.0033592083,0.00429812,0.00016757128,0.0043270113,0.014646941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99064565,0.000024428706,0.005959211,0.00023031812,0.00011355048,0.0009653617,0.00023580198,0.00010248748,0.0017231962],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980492,0.00014112396,0.000588949,0.0003836023,0.00036186894,0.00047522748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990187,0.00006590125,0.0001591837,0.0005328247,0.0001608824,0.00006247288],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042999032,0.00025428017,0.00033893186,0.00017668074,0.00027034414,0.000046343463,0.0003277238,0.00014200629,0.00029415253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005266642,0.00017433813,0.00022638326,0.0003897607,0.000057051624,0.0001564807,0.0001927001,0.00006238943,0.000007951814],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004583844,0.00006305944,0.00012583892,0.00003265843,0.00007103254,9.864694e-7,0.0006842123,0.33286864,0.66461277,0.00043530526,0.0009280336,0.0001316525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043177258,0.00006391243,0.0000073040624,0.000036865364,0.000016973221,0.0000017872446,0.00016666223,0.32098287,0.67182136,0.00010534057,0.0062119723,0.00015317099],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028524906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012639399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57636404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014392874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037921538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7109302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387653083","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.111960","title":"A comparative analysis of integrating thermochemical oxygen pumping in water-splitting redox cycles for hydrogen production","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Centers for Mechanical Engineering Research and Education, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Redox; Oxygen; Inert gas; Materials science; Hydrogen; Inert; Water splitting; Process engineering; Hydrogen production; Work (physics); Oxygen evolution; Chemical engineering; Nuclear engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Catalysis; Electrochemistry","score_opus":0.01751736877270142,"score_gpt":0.25528794961876866,"score_spread":0.23777058084606725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387653083","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976496,0.00018393132,0.0011520822,0.00004548432,0.000047051475,0.00006486181,0.0000062711633,0.00023912887,0.0006115869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99929565,0.00003137727,0.00027212378,0.000007320574,0.00007992259,0.000059353682,0.000207249,0.000021323334,0.000025684776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989972,0.000017985263,0.00034592504,0.00024580638,0.00010663119,0.00028644167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959993,0.00011746013,0.000040055118,0.00015097961,0.000052026207,0.000039546918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019602691,0.0001437574,0.00038640888,0.00022913156,0.00003959128,0.000011556547,0.00013445521,0.000093816365,0.00000789762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011430378,0.00012090887,0.0001350576,0.0010409836,0.000038742048,0.000066533685,0.000040732346,0.00011195223,0.0000017250766],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013415612,0.00001601132,0.00010156346,0.00010553524,0.000302873,5.694207e-7,0.0010196046,0.026215093,0.9709355,0.00013619903,0.000019982397,0.0011336188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009566494,0.000006296257,0.00004579506,0.00007075496,0.00007763357,4.3523121e-7,0.00027102878,0.14273417,0.8550586,0.0013962763,0.00011453707,0.00012878033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005292019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034305267,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11651908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005336619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000742708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4930521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387784530","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.112052","title":"Techno-economic analysis to determine the potential of perovskite-based PV blinds for buildings","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Facade; Roof; Architectural engineering; Electricity; Environmental science; Solar energy; Renewable energy; Computer science; Automotive engineering; Building-integrated photovoltaics; Photovoltaics; Process engineering; Engineering; Civil engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.008308305028923801,"score_gpt":0.21340157285376143,"score_spread":0.20509326782483764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387784530","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7613647,0.00006108664,0.2367328,0.00048467485,0.00016388136,0.000074622476,0.000043655393,0.0009971744,0.00007739026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99836856,0.000020674179,0.0013183827,0.000056859695,0.00003949091,0.000059122707,0.000018010596,0.000020565582,0.00009832388],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995136,0.000004607846,0.00015078831,0.00011112348,0.00005680062,0.00016306262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996228,0.000044964432,0.00002810232,0.00026222662,0.000018672885,0.000023228133],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010320436,0.000085210006,0.0001393233,0.00039043755,0.000046460427,0.000017218512,0.0002680232,0.00007554701,0.000018782164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003061709,0.000071691975,0.00014318839,0.00057503645,0.00002162732,0.000026032974,0.000032401917,0.000044022123,0.000007771005],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008484787,0.0000030288236,0.00004385119,0.0000058954115,0.00012106174,5.102758e-7,0.000015369034,0.9588461,0.01964982,0.0012410841,0.00032505638,0.019739727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015060353,0.000032394313,0.0004903706,0.0000029109676,0.00009024343,2.670739e-7,0.00004999973,0.89166266,0.096876115,0.00042154544,0.010123588,0.00009932924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007746113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000082588456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23700385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031473108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011502658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2923514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388742718","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.112190","title":"Surface wettability effects on self-cleaning efficacy: Outdoor experimental study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe","funders":"","keywords":"Superhydrophilicity; Tilt (camera); Wetting; Contact angle; Materials science; Superhydrophobic coating; Coating; Composite material; Optics; Geometry","score_opus":0.022838519583815588,"score_gpt":0.2790351988457383,"score_spread":0.2561966792619227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388742718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969697,0.00004282668,0.000050790928,0.00009830055,0.0008766697,0.0002754709,0.000005325658,0.0009549547,0.0007259473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990621,0.0000033246909,0.00020080194,0.00016392332,0.00008180741,0.0000345557,0.000009418437,0.00003574449,0.0004083063],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99777734,0.0004899046,0.000258877,0.00061691884,0.0004482674,0.00040867893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99881405,0.00033618498,0.00005561146,0.000614764,0.00003866693,0.00014075007],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073711283,0.00022055642,0.00026497082,0.00006117926,0.0003113148,0.00009079018,0.00031519792,0.00007765309,0.00024898077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000108580265,0.00019983288,0.0000847032,0.00036032082,0.0000424575,0.00011603812,0.00014467706,0.00010713921,0.0012369626],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006872735,0.0013316981,0.0024864755,0.000010394095,0.000016963955,0.00003712371,0.0031802584,0.0023872429,0.98938745,0.0002593063,0.0005011869,0.0003331578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009882217,0.0004899078,0.010503433,0.000009720114,0.0000107995265,0.0000014682329,0.0012851304,0.0023624303,0.98244673,0.000026663103,0.0016075072,0.00026801063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003690135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028444394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008016958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012222034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038491304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389469355","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2023.112245","title":"An efficient CNN-based detector for photovoltaic module cells defect detection in electroluminescence images","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National University's Basic Research Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Detector; Convolutional neural network; Photovoltaic system; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Graph; Object detection; Histogram; Adaptive histogram equalization; Feature (linguistics); Channel (broadcasting); Computer vision; Histogram equalization; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.008721671601344058,"score_gpt":0.23860892535318148,"score_spread":0.22988725375183744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389469355","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46694618,0.00011602967,0.528579,0.000015940032,0.0005284681,0.00082796067,0.000042586038,0.002544651,0.00039917117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99415046,0.000023384873,0.0040097665,0.0001181087,0.000110387686,0.0011686602,0.00008629579,0.000118829244,0.00021409706],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99761117,0.00023577962,0.00047024724,0.000673326,0.0003178556,0.0006916253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987127,0.00019285973,0.00016489954,0.0006175707,0.00017916993,0.00013279618],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058354426,0.00031739776,0.0003574222,0.00068693166,0.00017318843,0.00007721042,0.00035246188,0.00023468454,0.00003909432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014622227,0.00034025442,0.00021330341,0.0013661344,0.000049782277,0.00014136013,0.00003290372,0.00012813955,0.000035603607],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010399197,0.00007979344,0.00006387799,0.000032203465,0.000011247708,0.000006590884,0.00002915499,0.20778377,0.7887547,0.000063818785,0.000096507916,0.0029743342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043913643,0.00022256818,0.000114876646,0.000020413463,0.000009566709,0.0000014910363,0.000015656482,0.43553832,0.5619847,0.000100015524,0.0013385254,0.00021473331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00482965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035310772,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5272043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028788892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009708303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392384616","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112440","title":"Enhancing indoor thermal comfort and sustainability: A solar-driven desiccant cooling and adsorption chiller system with environmental impact assessment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Chiller; Desiccant; Environmental science; Sustainability; Adsorption; Solar air conditioning; Passive solar building design; Thermal; Process engineering; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Architectural engineering; Solar energy; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0035195889218544727,"score_gpt":0.20537845777402167,"score_spread":0.2018588688521672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392384616","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8796092,0.0013890346,0.11821921,0.0000101795995,0.00014645974,0.00016199055,0.000010946214,0.00031372425,0.00013925492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99936324,0.000105541905,0.00017697086,0.000011592957,0.000139762,0.000049479135,0.000023457776,0.00006151163,0.00006845762],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998945,0.000058566926,0.000234254,0.00027999998,0.00018362525,0.0002985576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996317,0.000034944613,0.00003132104,0.00016139977,0.000012753376,0.00012788242],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001999261,0.0002367656,0.00024135265,0.00010535505,0.00009680264,0.00015899277,0.000053971144,0.000100068064,0.000014444388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022251568,0.00018860119,0.000051108716,0.0000855856,0.000048173006,0.00020691879,0.000041039915,0.00019189522,0.000002095516],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003495828,0.00018138281,0.07610304,0.0057997596,0.0024193479,0.0006562059,0.008922143,0.61672443,0.2236046,0.012632146,0.000106031686,0.052501332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058697665,0.00020285518,0.018374229,0.0004865899,0.000084838495,0.0003396728,0.0020812652,0.9735276,0.0026771843,0.000023017865,0.0011354763,0.0004802717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015287861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005768541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3568032,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000475117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006338215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76909333},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392875762","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112464","title":"Energy and exergy based performance evaluation of an innovative PV-assisted solar dryer with and without modified absorber","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Institute of Technology, Silchar; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Solar dryer; Environmental science; Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Process engineering; Solar energy; Airflow; Efficient energy use; Payback period; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Agricultural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.027323942222178054,"score_gpt":0.25724872940155347,"score_spread":0.22992478717937542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392875762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875043,0.0016758221,0.0035824382,0.000028426417,0.00023398992,0.00012208032,0.00001783487,0.00014444122,0.0066906544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982227,0.000063156185,0.00032692557,0.00015638559,0.00016159067,0.00013025977,0.00012048522,0.00008542834,0.00073303486],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976293,0.00036956184,0.00042796734,0.00058356556,0.0006515543,0.00033804565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872136,0.00007792803,0.00018510631,0.000412986,0.00046260437,0.00013998632],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079135806,0.00035401032,0.00042343233,0.00027801332,0.00014515966,0.00010359423,0.00014585468,0.0002155724,0.00010791297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026534513,0.00027563682,0.000045524877,0.000680457,0.00017214785,0.00044223544,0.000050387735,0.00013585803,0.0000021092621],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014111295,0.0003313383,0.008605635,0.0005017301,0.0010578099,0.000032514814,0.0029406797,0.018862724,0.18580768,0.027721733,0.00011242585,0.7526146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026753654,0.0006844667,0.014713711,0.0004765162,0.00024733218,0.00009090231,0.00022757608,0.8293247,0.12865123,0.0007106608,0.021479985,0.00071755494],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005825469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020679345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.810462,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070779366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022838621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396529756","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112565","title":"On the mitigation of the overheating caused by floor heating systems exposed to long direct solar radiation and high occupation rates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; École de Technologie Supérieure; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Overheating (electricity); Environmental science; Radiation; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Engineering physics; Atmospheric sciences; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.004710105770834795,"score_gpt":0.18863859374086767,"score_spread":0.18392848797003286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396529756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9164534,0.001244199,0.08081027,0.000121853795,0.00077575335,0.00014858713,0.000016325324,0.00019138589,0.00023818547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994924,0.00006032164,0.000098102544,0.00006281133,0.00007376359,0.000047173948,0.00004692035,0.000030631298,0.000087875575],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992843,0.000081823826,0.00020324875,0.00014733388,0.00015854913,0.00012473934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995932,0.00015758684,0.000039121118,0.00015672721,0.000026450864,0.000026912643],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020233337,0.00011884109,0.00010744206,0.00005999701,0.00016517725,0.00010516625,0.00007577106,0.00007231769,0.0000057414068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057206777,0.00008279038,0.000032333508,0.00028823368,0.000013119971,0.00013631948,0.000017108385,0.00008566049,6.1251706e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004075938,0.0000045961633,0.0002534907,0.000053099713,0.000039241848,2.838644e-7,0.00021959933,0.9696676,0.018518139,0.00547373,0.0004916348,0.0052745007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000084548985,0.000026192505,0.000664819,0.00023726161,0.000017777164,7.894879e-7,0.00003234766,0.83265674,0.1658122,0.00012848983,0.00023615433,0.00010269404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030009644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004107394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14729404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006502283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014307026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33760938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396914932","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112617","title":"Exploring the optoelectronic properties of Flavylium cations as acceptors in organic solar Cells: DFT/TD-DFT investigations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Organic solar cell; Optoelectronics; Chemical physics; Chemistry; Polymer","score_opus":0.022582850312734756,"score_gpt":0.19368645938457468,"score_spread":0.1711036090718399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396914932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882623,0.008388057,0.00085044093,0.00032503725,0.00074524974,0.00014746393,0.0000073547158,0.00029968438,0.0009744025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99584264,0.003355863,0.00004347916,0.000043214757,0.00013221383,0.00009943645,0.000013013901,0.00008695454,0.00038321698],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883896,0.000047634123,0.00031648102,0.00021028072,0.00017404399,0.000412588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994824,0.00005286273,0.000025256013,0.00033660696,0.00003901956,0.00006386888],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018372238,0.0001948528,0.00017090105,0.00019333373,0.00010905613,0.00008593336,0.0003042578,0.00007594069,0.00012200463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034354165,0.0001606183,0.00007293235,0.0009338656,0.000056498782,0.00031092306,0.00005641538,0.0004095914,0.00003673119],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019712006,0.000021106127,0.000024598063,0.00010568759,0.00009028075,0.0000021342773,0.0021405297,0.008645004,0.9785024,0.009182784,0.0002826125,0.0010008744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006897526,0.000042605832,0.000023749702,0.00008592278,0.000030087693,0.0000049286364,0.00021744875,0.014137213,0.94894576,0.0012816336,0.03497067,0.00019101967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005799532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019496256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034688056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022232963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034663532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65498245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398228731","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112560","title":"Optimizing photovoltaic systems to decarbonize residential arctic buildings considering real consumption data and temporal mismatch","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Power consumption; Consumption (sociology); Data assimilation; Meteorology; Computer science; Power (physics); Geography","score_opus":0.020073269838945994,"score_gpt":0.2387895774324811,"score_spread":0.2187163075935351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398228731","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48300043,0.011212219,0.5000707,0.00007646342,0.0030395305,0.00020520152,0.00004381979,0.0018142822,0.0005373627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98453987,0.0012051298,0.013641523,0.000032197193,0.00022241837,0.00002970761,0.00011233238,0.000077231925,0.00013958523],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879867,0.000032280706,0.00028422062,0.0004176904,0.0001747845,0.00029235595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993323,0.00006795285,0.000024264247,0.00041781203,0.000027318885,0.00013034613],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022771765,0.00020598833,0.0002056102,0.00019824941,0.000106893676,0.00036950147,0.00020527391,0.00013207652,0.000015542384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019454761,0.0002265527,0.000029520103,0.00021432317,0.000030136485,0.00038512977,0.00017479238,0.0001510018,0.0000037744917],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019038016,0.000008265268,0.0007452456,0.00049064285,0.00016608849,0.0000835445,0.00033040525,0.96062714,0.028670384,0.005014086,0.0019109112,0.0019342545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016281113,0.000017918524,0.000032878088,0.0004126057,0.00005544213,0.00009246541,0.000053883417,0.9797666,0.0039974777,0.00015490915,0.014943278,0.00030973842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019088358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003407545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50153947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000865843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032424603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92385507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399199266","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112642","title":"A preliminary investigation of a novel solar-powered absorption-desiccant-radiant cooling system for thermally active buildings","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Desiccant; Materials science; Radiant cooling; Environmental science; Absorption (acoustics); Solar air conditioning; Nuclear engineering; Radiant heating; Solar energy; Meteorology; Engineering physics; Composite material; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.014065230254820307,"score_gpt":0.2140201218878312,"score_spread":0.1999548916330109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399199266","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28937468,0.001963528,0.70476943,0.00004280126,0.0016586262,0.00035612917,0.00013056802,0.0009412651,0.0007629452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99752307,0.00004380359,0.0016498184,0.000024296898,0.00029226235,0.00014257556,0.00004954503,0.00008657067,0.00018806929],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989014,0.000025868696,0.00039185843,0.00025127723,0.00017225146,0.00025733103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994304,0.000107174026,0.00007597832,0.00019637207,0.00009401773,0.00009605703],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020798149,0.00020351922,0.00025744142,0.00019311928,0.00006434802,0.00006432592,0.00014535389,0.00015975049,0.000008571543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019272698,0.0002043114,0.00014390655,0.00023323797,0.000034945144,0.00021819233,0.000018432876,0.00012000741,0.000007549999],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019848147,0.000032242067,0.000022327857,0.0028339613,0.00038442126,0.000012706719,0.0032542294,0.07587179,0.85869557,0.048624303,0.0007745688,0.009295376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006890617,0.00015147396,0.0001914478,0.0015295192,0.00009985,0.00006857844,0.00079155614,0.8554596,0.1339642,0.00024250855,0.0063950066,0.0004172449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011334346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013801653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77958775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001655371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008947175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83315766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399702889","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112661","title":"Radiation-induced natural convection in volumetrically absorbing solar thermal receivers: An experimental study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hatch (Canada); McGill University; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Natural convection; Thermal; Radiation; Thermal radiation; Natural (archaeology); Environmental science; Optics; Materials science; Convection; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.018924927980165176,"score_gpt":0.26528044188749117,"score_spread":0.246355513907326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399702889","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99158055,0.002334944,0.00007689278,0.000021358443,0.003094744,0.00021251745,0.0000031784075,0.00034204713,0.0023337475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981994,0.000013692262,0.000028563543,0.00009285713,0.0007578523,0.000096794196,0.000046922516,0.00007343939,0.00069046044],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976758,0.0004881501,0.000435255,0.0005863946,0.0003959182,0.0004184902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992801,0.00011132327,0.00008803053,0.0003439639,0.00004647299,0.00013013816],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045680528,0.00028826005,0.00030197582,0.0004314027,0.0001668849,0.00021257198,0.0002687544,0.00018435314,0.00033764445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000545725,0.00027015762,0.0001297084,0.00086194853,0.000024313487,0.0006525523,0.000057274905,0.0003451824,0.00010489849],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002980711,0.0013232331,0.011728736,0.00003220158,0.00035118964,0.000508015,0.014188202,0.0018129628,0.8463963,0.0022101384,0.00015438236,0.12099652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007320291,0.004714192,0.056810834,0.0002964026,0.00017490606,0.0002361776,0.024881333,0.19782346,0.63834125,0.0005280532,0.065873146,0.0029999416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032769226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022194386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20805508,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032592908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007176026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402695945","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112941","title":"Assessment of year-round performance of SPVT greenhouse system with EAHE employing periodic thermal model","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse; Thermal; Environmental science; Materials science; Meteorology; Physics; Botany; Biology","score_opus":0.011514761642378442,"score_gpt":0.20601339675362523,"score_spread":0.1944986351112468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402695945","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99782264,0.00029711367,0.00024906697,0.00007065466,0.000044360637,0.00005583663,0.000023262082,0.00017978396,0.0012572749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99958205,0.000050726434,0.00014147065,0.000016009464,0.00003578357,0.00001580606,0.000009324347,0.000002696768,0.00014610255],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992282,0.000029019955,0.00018941866,0.00019407537,0.00017157654,0.00018773392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997365,0.00003507362,0.000068164416,0.00008545403,0.000044808843,0.000030025598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014350188,0.00011402761,0.00020454326,0.000020717827,0.00008708818,0.000020970052,0.00020479331,0.00010755493,0.000044525754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000019656625,0.000042023723,0.000068287634,0.00019466666,0.00009376533,0.000102361955,0.000050532908,0.000108764616,0.0000034346185],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001566769,0.00018698288,0.11215071,0.0004908452,0.0002652907,0.00003800456,0.00022512132,0.005236114,0.7603163,0.067202196,0.00005529974,0.053676445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011052223,0.0037644668,0.33410054,0.0013998612,0.00029363576,0.00008571128,0.0023636175,0.60938877,0.044034015,0.00023591539,0.0022154048,0.0010128462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021252238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037790142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7162823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023922748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025490319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17136778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402702771","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112910","title":"The threat of economic grid defection in the U.S. with solar photovoltaic, battery and generator hybrid systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Battery (electricity); Generator (circuit theory); Grid; Photovoltaics; Automotive engineering; Electrical engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Power (physics); Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.006744624990039839,"score_gpt":0.19938832272487061,"score_spread":0.19264369773483078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402702771","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9620574,0.02539036,0.0017796833,0.0001975788,0.004012861,0.00031098153,0.00004689356,0.00018824002,0.00601599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99635357,0.0011199142,0.000020503605,0.00007914564,0.0010063256,0.00022059827,0.00003523723,0.00008441163,0.0010803242],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99777734,0.00044958649,0.00053139747,0.0005056925,0.00028657741,0.00044938835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875385,0.00033375644,0.00013072025,0.00066537183,0.00004010132,0.00007618357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008736357,0.00032400165,0.00038084385,0.0001751219,0.00024539485,0.00035640626,0.00035979558,0.00010057457,0.000014852964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016250311,0.00018048378,0.00011068146,0.00024335248,0.00016158867,0.00024215103,0.00006852616,0.00020954947,0.000019130537],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037164293,0.00017897067,0.007914291,0.000833528,0.0016835915,0.0007812183,0.0017813576,0.73444057,0.05453473,0.14896597,0.024196554,0.024317568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093705114,0.0003262354,0.0004911734,0.00044021552,0.00014378574,0.001285418,0.00129736,0.11121297,0.085204236,0.00093683664,0.79699177,0.00073297723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036729164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022266427,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7727952,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018268947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001615758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99557465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404199926","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113073","title":"Influence of wall insulations and orientation on spatial heat distribution coefficient and thermal time constant for passive solar drying of yellow pepper","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Constant (computer programming); Thermal; Mechanics; Heat transfer coefficient; Solar constant; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.004540493835760738,"score_gpt":0.19934072893889493,"score_spread":0.19480023510313418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404199926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75876945,0.000107330474,0.24069455,0.000026838658,0.00005773718,0.00009896375,0.00017050497,0.000039670926,0.000034923978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99964976,0.00003829727,0.00014465339,0.000009769042,0.0000160407,0.000016935945,0.00010268533,0.000016376765,0.0000054786774],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946827,0.000015438114,0.00017565586,0.00012689875,0.0000997916,0.00011392686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975747,0.00007665341,0.000008425641,0.000071080576,0.000048867227,0.00003751118],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007072999,0.00009011515,0.00011896407,0.0000523896,0.000039680344,0.000014859914,0.000026321979,0.000060064893,0.000004856894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014234251,0.00008682535,0.000026392083,0.00008382912,0.000042817843,0.00009580357,0.000007936489,0.000048783782,6.495107e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027523722,0.000022368895,0.000046761394,0.0001706214,0.00004601635,0.0000019820504,0.0008718535,0.26771647,0.70453024,0.021588532,0.000007977904,0.0049696825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034645697,0.00017550893,0.0009048811,0.00015051174,0.000037936043,0.0000024272329,0.000037626032,0.56652343,0.43096024,0.00032781315,0.00042160886,0.0001115589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000632781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014695234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29880697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035290002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022880276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3540635},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404281911","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113074","title":"Streamlining structural engineering compliance of rooftop solar photovoltaic installations using an open-source approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Engineering physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03702924565284634,"score_gpt":0.2539248908955193,"score_spread":0.21689564524267294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404281911","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28944165,0.0012462289,0.7033395,0.000004293215,0.0010014765,0.00014161605,0.000023064387,0.0008954779,0.0039066784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97080404,0.000025572115,0.02856363,0.000014343909,0.00022776538,0.000020671074,0.00009036985,0.00013295781,0.00012064069],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986643,0.000027666962,0.00036030746,0.00036069023,0.00021766195,0.00036937685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993293,0.000036733,0.00003685376,0.00045228086,0.00003677496,0.00010804869],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014571132,0.00027940914,0.00028990422,0.00023937834,0.00009616493,0.00021857145,0.0004792311,0.00009691945,0.00004808765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012234246,0.00030836943,0.00006877572,0.000518546,0.00002962195,0.0006552865,0.0002400329,0.00019884139,0.000002565643],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002607268,0.000013742243,0.0000961689,0.0001673344,0.00013746775,0.0000071674567,0.00019477993,0.9631143,0.028990716,0.0034231397,0.000047142294,0.0038054257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016017866,0.000026434744,0.00024030611,0.00013433295,0.000038654685,0.0000150753,0.00009097645,0.97593075,0.010214382,0.00011234087,0.01271489,0.00032167847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046332402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005735155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6813624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000143307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032126023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999368},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406545680","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113289","title":"Photovoltaic recycling and carbon-neutral manufacturing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Morgan Solar (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Carbon fibers; Materials science; Environmental science; Photovoltaics; Engineering physics; Process engineering; Electrical engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.0031813859642016965,"score_gpt":0.1991471729122715,"score_spread":0.1959657869480698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406545680","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96300775,0.00014459791,0.00024148948,0.000044644214,0.00019149887,0.00007753846,8.672628e-7,0.00004955775,0.036242057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99519664,0.000025036328,0.00014484354,0.00022919246,0.000026573767,0.00002220011,0.0000012149887,0.000008028886,0.0043462645],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905795,0.000053286047,0.0001742211,0.00033409422,0.0000994467,0.0002809768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995913,0.00004177432,0.00003290868,0.0002546909,0.0000041013955,0.00007524128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022318629,0.00012325995,0.0001489487,0.000036152884,0.00013572576,0.000030855914,0.00012191857,0.000076977536,0.000060261616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027074759,0.00011350573,0.000042647498,0.00010788997,0.000099432895,0.000081581115,0.00019677535,0.0000906509,0.0000031880936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010222665,0.00019326842,0.55576575,0.00020334063,0.00010942786,0.000105809544,0.0010837954,0.002485139,0.3595824,0.0011477214,0.004477102,0.074744016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005729415,0.00004240094,0.12966596,0.0000467086,0.00002528709,0.000014554471,0.0004321557,0.0055551524,0.5593125,0.025705028,0.2782174,0.00040986852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039324615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003102385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4260998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016704114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014856716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9670726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407777846","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113375","title":"Experimental impacts of transparency on strawberry agrivoltaics using thin film photovoltaic modules under low light conditions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; Weston Family Foundation","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Photovoltaic system; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Thin film; Environmental science; Engineering physics; Optics; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.009030606040190164,"score_gpt":0.2528525324646711,"score_spread":0.24382192642448094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407777846","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98927397,0.00019860879,0.0022054655,0.000038913702,0.00029987723,0.00020878883,0.000055658737,0.000048152815,0.00767054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99874896,0.00001043815,0.00015158515,0.00023270029,0.000025066993,0.000030440804,0.000020498637,0.000018030336,0.0007622937],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982544,0.000116205,0.00044210843,0.00043950547,0.00035074528,0.00039701618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991842,0.000052599076,0.00012262264,0.0004854382,0.000022975002,0.00013216022],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019250631,0.00024982088,0.00031389366,0.00009384101,0.00023617258,0.000028453536,0.00027363078,0.00015923331,0.00069027353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028674558,0.00022690571,0.00017044782,0.00037725313,0.00022047554,0.00022201148,0.00009043416,0.00013491999,0.000009019513],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038532777,0.00053402263,0.0063546696,0.00005079316,0.00004756679,0.000009630856,0.00058017083,0.027825406,0.96049607,0.0018983029,0.0020986868,0.00006613744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060337846,0.00014445814,0.0254277,0.00013569077,0.000028688937,0.000005141258,0.002052003,0.015340185,0.9476117,0.0057572364,0.0025825603,0.00031128596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020760875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014479681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019312907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056171336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009398239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408333283","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113411","title":"Hydrothermal synthesis and energy saving potential of thermochromic VO2 nanocomposite window coatings in temperate North American climates","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermochromism; Materials science; Hydrothermal circulation; Nanocomposite; Temperate climate; Hydrothermal synthesis; Window (computing); Cold climate; Energy (signal processing); Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Meteorology; Geography; Physics; Computer science; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.003945030607388126,"score_gpt":0.20363320757304615,"score_spread":0.19968817696565802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408333283","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99838036,0.00018360728,0.0007844844,0.000073544084,0.00017727826,0.000055520708,0.000065846005,0.000064776184,0.0002146063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985213,0.000104589904,0.00096633536,0.00022547723,0.000039299644,0.000042671792,0.000010436175,0.000028688892,0.000061170256],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99816215,0.00034419628,0.0005591882,0.00039855854,0.00018406037,0.00035185623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992788,0.00012176504,0.00024265949,0.0002443574,0.00005355184,0.0000589002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003061634,0.00022805149,0.00055225554,0.00023699996,0.00010945271,0.00008895987,0.00024022495,0.00006600455,0.00010059493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034599198,0.00021573804,0.000068353154,0.00038543926,0.00027246916,0.00021476083,0.00010145396,0.000046560745,0.0000037114014],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012490245,0.000053280088,0.0039510746,0.000042520674,0.00001767893,0.000011213517,0.00008023251,0.00056373974,0.99159503,0.00075242744,0.000003947302,0.0028039636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035894054,0.000046195248,0.044149894,0.00010202934,0.000036650097,0.000008056391,0.000048910802,0.00021968769,0.95468813,0.00007105751,0.000077373894,0.00019307534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0045630126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014697528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.040198818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004464474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000723817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8797542},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410121591","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113546","title":"A novel few-shot detector for rare defect localization in photovoltaic cells using electroluminescence images","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Electroluminescence; Photovoltaic system; Shot (pellet); Detector; Materials science; One shot; Optoelectronics; Single shot; Optics; Physics; Nanotechnology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.010612562861942445,"score_gpt":0.2199669074517289,"score_spread":0.20935434458978644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410121591","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11182068,0.0010817171,0.88599163,0.000006467984,0.0002811552,0.00013888924,0.000025442725,0.00014275828,0.00051125453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987094,0.000047221154,0.0007905005,0.000118130614,0.0000413967,0.00003713642,0.000034954683,0.000034219876,0.00018707712],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991063,0.000018338304,0.00023940903,0.00023254106,0.00007941527,0.00032398078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996196,0.000043319833,0.000029229377,0.00017916328,0.0000958684,0.00003284261],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008566968,0.00018283933,0.0002375594,0.00030841967,0.00006762433,0.00005464722,0.00013556793,0.0001332344,0.000023756853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033044937,0.00018579078,0.00014369725,0.00073752814,0.000017545208,0.00012158076,0.000010421803,0.0001127086,0.0000013242912],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056787885,0.00001576144,0.00010329653,0.000049237904,0.0000694973,0.0000017098216,0.00003429655,0.05334933,0.94534636,0.00017697577,0.00027703983,0.00057080365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022039117,0.000010888669,0.000008333732,0.000044351727,0.00005001875,0.0000010663094,0.000034410725,0.36806124,0.62857133,0.00007012721,0.002793438,0.00013436776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000995472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001541524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8868887,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001716269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005624403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7576328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410237857","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113576","title":"Solar-based units’ shadow’s effect on energy management of triple interconnected grids by considering crypto miners and CCUS plus green roof","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Roof; Green roof; Solar energy; Environmental science; Grid; Photovoltaic system; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Environmental economics; Architectural engineering; Civil engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Electrical engineering; Economics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.004029923084617299,"score_gpt":0.18119373015539686,"score_spread":0.17716380707077956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410237857","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20722894,0.018120667,0.7517982,0.0004458504,0.0022771626,0.0006837582,0.00015990029,0.0011898966,0.018095596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978152,0.00033000106,0.0005243636,0.00020398104,0.000029526864,0.00005362584,0.00012673363,0.000040668536,0.0008758952],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899024,0.00007255861,0.00029352517,0.00025844818,0.00011965832,0.0002655924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999489,0.000092808725,0.000047756635,0.00025030368,0.0000526534,0.00006746517],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000110769324,0.00025453573,0.00033868107,0.0002504177,0.000046281395,0.000035363777,0.00013975294,0.00011905676,0.00002109163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018386847,0.00025331965,0.000063910775,0.00041276586,0.000036705154,0.00007005808,0.000055033368,0.000094079696,8.3454404e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081356365,0.00013145818,0.000456231,0.0014838506,0.0018011659,0.00007877084,0.00019325534,0.59619576,0.08345275,0.01262283,0.017860953,0.28490943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006823774,0.0004024783,0.00014771089,0.0005508153,0.00022830885,0.0000027225935,0.00007914794,0.7471507,0.19115786,0.00021724786,0.052655596,0.0005836283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000605199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002637822,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7905863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008678321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022208225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999919},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410859125","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113623","title":"Integrated deep learning and image processing method for modeling energy loss due to shadows in solar arrays","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Solar energy; Image processing; Computer science; Image (mathematics); Energy (signal processing); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Geology; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010976534850921746,"score_gpt":0.279253810176847,"score_spread":0.2682772753259252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410859125","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012759649,0.00072125794,0.99302465,0.00012290436,0.00010330084,0.00020327994,0.000004817706,0.00046328743,0.004080548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.57111853,0.00013774013,0.42596546,0.00065789884,0.0000715724,0.0006454994,0.00008830654,0.00010650319,0.001208486],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99755573,0.00032905786,0.00066183147,0.000716298,0.00019149642,0.000545589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989371,0.00016209859,0.00013998117,0.00027920798,0.0003516755,0.00012998411],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076111074,0.0003650295,0.0005871733,0.00069905963,0.0002533153,0.00019060994,0.000291028,0.00029503417,0.000021168065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045449496,0.0003769369,0.00009736309,0.0009718593,0.00003375852,0.0003302571,0.00015879232,0.00022752958,0.0000011649012],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023041164,0.00009912391,0.00013783414,0.00022570055,0.00009640207,0.000038232785,0.001135179,0.5365153,0.10549213,0.030911101,0.00014845596,0.32497016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004961627,0.00004914515,0.0000021397407,0.00027139252,0.000022800734,0.000013515227,0.00051405025,0.8437655,0.11998824,0.0075480337,0.026991356,0.0003376911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007665422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004847846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5698426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022399181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014305206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411136685","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113630","title":"Comparative analysis of photovoltaic/thermal collectors based on water integrated with a phase change material in various configurations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Phase change; Phase-change material; Thermal; Materials science; Environmental science; Phase (matter); Engineering physics; Process engineering; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.020721917725075357,"score_gpt":0.26549434384075,"score_spread":0.24477242611567462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411136685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98617506,0.000029546753,0.0011932312,0.00003106802,0.00028161207,0.00029350846,0.00020455633,0.00007277478,0.011718657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99781,0.0000017648007,0.00004816484,0.0003490554,0.000044778946,0.0003241278,0.00084437075,0.000019204212,0.0005585082],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982436,0.00035738442,0.0004734753,0.00035855046,0.00022597218,0.0003410531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915045,0.000109147775,0.0001463511,0.000374491,0.00015246222,0.000067069406],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017399344,0.00029272435,0.0007721228,0.000974763,0.000102013786,0.00004398401,0.00019829134,0.00015674077,0.0011945503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012251008,0.0001977206,0.00015134703,0.0018821016,0.00009251915,0.0000834877,0.000021297194,0.0001275215,0.0000070178194],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0039528147,0.0010624281,0.0028527358,0.000035002326,0.001993187,0.000051509356,0.0032669208,0.032226156,0.9508008,0.0029549056,0.000104621206,0.0006989443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003498875,0.0005262466,0.0023098409,0.00012387574,0.00048095352,9.907006e-7,0.00032626174,0.122525625,0.85720676,0.00004652511,0.012634107,0.00031993934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0650266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028985608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.093594015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012369617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001108126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411633678","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113722","title":"Two parallel cable trusses-supported photovoltaic structure: wind-induced vibration and evaluation of influence factors","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"Chongqing Youth Science and Technology Talent Training Project; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","keywords":"Truss; Photovoltaic system; Vibration; Structural engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Acoustics; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.012500923317902264,"score_gpt":0.25293600633268015,"score_spread":0.2404350830147779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411633678","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977934,0.00009074722,0.00023595146,0.000039217342,0.0000875456,0.00010018136,0.0000062476997,0.00001814091,0.0016285927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99949527,0.000017197362,0.00021584176,0.000113769194,0.0000114549675,0.0000042987676,0.000016061536,0.000005563359,0.000120568715],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904597,0.00007449297,0.000181773,0.00023523443,0.0003090886,0.00015343187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996756,0.000029170065,0.000079901416,0.0001546288,0.000025692692,0.00003502862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016111042,0.00012079612,0.00014480122,0.00004257041,0.00013703367,0.00001793901,0.00008831004,0.000053729404,0.00032246113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005807651,0.00010149254,0.000028555303,0.00023994832,0.000075994685,0.0002426626,0.00009230916,0.000054370186,0.0000019546253],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014184485,0.000031959564,0.12566005,0.000010030242,0.000043112086,5.916893e-7,0.0004059637,0.04161333,0.82374233,0.0002978616,0.00018241232,0.007998146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096684304,0.00006436548,0.63592887,0.00002289306,0.00009168249,9.3206023e-7,0.00027744507,0.025077237,0.33152288,0.0048308065,0.0010083228,0.0002077473],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029960298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008061271,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5102688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006525472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032860666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4529121},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411849886","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113747","title":"A life-cycle economic comparison of distributed photovoltaic power stations coupled with integrated electrolysis systems: optimization of directly and indirectly coupled modes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Science and Technology Major Project; PetroChina Company Limited; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Electrolysis; Environmental science; Power (physics); Computer science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.005440361129605408,"score_gpt":0.22257760117751793,"score_spread":0.21713724004791252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411849886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68938214,0.0022384424,0.3057125,0.00002810888,0.00021044759,0.00027046987,0.00020157645,0.00018691538,0.0017694004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974309,0.00013626735,0.0010781174,0.000019243238,0.000020806481,0.00013673185,0.00074324076,0.000057823472,0.00037687575],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99755716,0.00028668062,0.0010373857,0.0004825342,0.00025519336,0.00038106777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99805367,0.00026111287,0.0006623044,0.0004924306,0.00036371956,0.0001667583],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026271775,0.0003626369,0.0010970699,0.00050688884,0.00013777074,0.00007018452,0.0002437943,0.00019368001,0.000051963987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016159595,0.0003262577,0.000103733,0.00090253056,0.00016273228,0.00019806984,0.000054355103,0.0001312631,0.0000010595688],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029748093,0.00015881628,0.0018888449,0.000092910894,0.00088940404,0.0000018051927,0.00016224092,0.9641933,0.02570444,0.006346488,0.00013951925,0.00012477855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014316487,0.00018333744,0.00014890457,0.00020627063,0.00021110717,0.0000033626568,0.00086135307,0.9528825,0.042661533,0.000048966736,0.001074133,0.0002868293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.061422177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011036016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30804875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026617522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067897874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412456336","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113778","title":"Low-dimensional semiconductor nanohybrids for charge transport layers towards emerging photovoltaics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photovoltaics; Semiconductor; Materials science; Charge (physics); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Photovoltaic system; Engineering physics; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.014352117756583222,"score_gpt":0.24181324192382062,"score_spread":0.2274611241672374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412456336","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99289256,0.0011276592,0.0018406471,0.00047351053,0.0017780776,0.00014117341,0.00014813463,0.00013559879,0.0014626594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897698,0.00008507637,0.00095358596,0.0010181485,0.00014998497,0.00009317938,0.00003350714,0.000030808777,0.0078658685],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858457,0.00004885883,0.00032612126,0.00040075535,0.00021994134,0.00041977322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941957,0.00005628873,0.000069420974,0.00027419228,0.000105987616,0.00007455796],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004042675,0.0002075071,0.0002975679,0.00009748896,0.00026295427,0.000044348468,0.00027330357,0.0000983632,0.00097180845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000501134,0.0001709751,0.00016233369,0.00012737329,0.000080394,0.000174039,0.00004130101,0.000063301566,0.000027576472],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008780247,0.000051409108,0.000041334784,0.000081252016,0.000023696319,0.0000035550463,0.0001182961,0.000054818152,0.98866725,0.0051728175,0.0037602622,0.0019374855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024744018,0.000034660596,0.000026354062,0.00007159998,0.000021342978,0.0000020421658,0.000041772433,0.0010726142,0.8031325,0.00057390763,0.19459224,0.00018357104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041889847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055847373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19083199,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048041355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022921142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994147},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412651526","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113816","title":"Spectral irradiance correction of photovoltaic energy yield predictions in six high-latitude locations with measured spectra","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Larus Technologies (Canada)","funders":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Total; CSA Group","keywords":"Irradiance; Photovoltaic system; Latitude; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Yield (engineering); Spectral line; Solar energy; High latitude; Energy (signal processing); Solar irradiance; Meteorology; Remote sensing; Materials science; Optics; Physics; Geology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.009087116239336064,"score_gpt":0.21005177557012683,"score_spread":0.20096465933079077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412651526","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007134923,0.00036245666,0.9850072,0.000327312,0.0014705765,0.000116471274,0.000008881699,0.00018694405,0.0053851823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99028766,0.00013620919,0.007841951,0.00038426032,0.00007054768,0.00006255496,0.00001679351,0.000013731649,0.0011862699],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852616,0.00008869612,0.0003647159,0.00042612324,0.00029450087,0.00029980426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887073,0.0001416141,0.00014021403,0.0006168922,0.00013962315,0.000090937545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015993667,0.00018827096,0.00024368196,0.00046924717,0.00014870989,0.000070354195,0.00048170707,0.00012465578,0.000029106364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007597814,0.00019274192,0.000069403315,0.001789717,0.00007330245,0.0003895878,0.000046748002,0.00019436431,0.0000031207283],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001266481,0.00086816587,0.019295923,0.00004875408,0.00027055945,0.00002884971,0.0010945825,0.32218006,0.0570799,0.5804578,0.0072040902,0.0113446675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013486788,0.0003186529,0.064876236,0.00024929506,0.000046363555,0.000025124233,0.00009808345,0.68741196,0.21114399,0.008024572,0.02591162,0.00054544176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008814027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.031028919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98315275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018668306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042515434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99778634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413143825","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113859","title":"Photothermal polyurethane coatings with functionalized nanoparticles and quasi-liquid layer for enhanced anti-icing and solar-assisted de-icing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Centre de Recherche sur les Systèmes Polymères et Composites à Haute Performance","keywords":"Icing; Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Polyurethane; Nanoparticle; Layer (electronics); Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Meteorology","score_opus":0.007920265016787912,"score_gpt":0.21662058278512905,"score_spread":0.20870031776834114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413143825","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7604085,0.0004445259,0.2379829,0.000104177154,0.00008787726,0.000082337305,0.0000044487942,0.00054605183,0.00033914266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99414504,0.000083690364,0.0052597853,0.00021181574,0.000032314667,0.000048755566,0.000006900414,0.00004168098,0.00017004994],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904734,0.000025964688,0.00020538176,0.00025403316,0.000094320734,0.00037295884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952,0.00016271054,0.000045279932,0.00017156782,0.00005215858,0.000048280723],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019511917,0.00020525855,0.00029122512,0.00014961137,0.00020431897,0.00006502734,0.0000774258,0.00014823549,0.0000052649402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007686764,0.00018777236,0.000034186312,0.00020405251,0.0001077341,0.000104766565,0.000041690462,0.00012699488,4.5675756e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022394878,0.000022576221,0.00038436207,0.0001606704,0.00010283535,0.0000046585947,0.00030297373,0.0020476761,0.96249413,0.0013387277,0.00006862997,0.03284879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011866717,0.00021074964,0.0006992506,0.00025068922,0.00006134021,0.000024932006,0.00031348353,0.013562837,0.9823084,0.00043954543,0.00069786946,0.0002442419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020496268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014146979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23373647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035356272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76571345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413745711","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113891","title":"Comprehensive analysis and insights into the relationship between temperature coefficients, PV failures, and investigating their correlation with other PV parameters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Correlation; Photovoltaic system; Thermodynamics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Computer science; Environmental science; Physics; Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.015480477507571032,"score_gpt":0.23665881424865778,"score_spread":0.22117833674108675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413745711","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87140465,0.0012479363,0.12552088,0.0004504558,0.000053425123,0.00026152888,0.000008235226,0.00023728979,0.0008156071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942417,0.000035002042,0.004622565,0.00056904665,0.0000191331,0.000055842476,0.000117645985,0.000026390137,0.00031265107],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852926,0.000408066,0.00032069036,0.00038676307,0.00018908005,0.00016615388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982845,0.0009228187,0.00018309343,0.00038793683,0.00015046292,0.00007119783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015888552,0.00023590279,0.00032164203,0.00037765523,0.00047862018,0.00015611768,0.0001486308,0.00020967706,0.0000039358542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015863575,0.000154822,0.00005216064,0.0014663984,0.0002491026,0.00016498493,0.00007981489,0.00021747318,6.299555e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038156602,0.000031097778,0.7600394,0.00007485318,0.0015090995,0.0000022161655,0.00989133,0.12428816,0.0035851619,0.09765571,0.00027577195,0.0026090697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003171779,0.00036487065,0.56171197,0.0011346859,0.0028538997,0.000016298112,0.0108362865,0.1742909,0.068488225,0.05328994,0.12172067,0.002120463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005981055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030146118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19832739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057094272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047480007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9041606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414230580","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113983","title":"Integrated modeling of energy generation and water resource management utilizing floating photovoltaic (FPV) technology in semi-arid regions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Modular design; Particle swarm optimization; Electricity generation; Solar energy; Software deployment; Power (physics); Energy management","score_opus":0.015198731779575807,"score_gpt":0.2304905588456407,"score_spread":0.2152918270660649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414230580","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11048855,0.0013867717,0.8506867,0.00030451632,0.00022583717,0.00032507328,0.000006367253,0.00086368015,0.03571247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98886037,0.00046352856,0.0089944,0.00020587149,0.00002940477,0.00014640433,0.00013421688,0.000047944424,0.0011178396],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99787015,0.00018304233,0.0007900031,0.0005511229,0.00019639214,0.00040928953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990919,0.000034559926,0.00013284701,0.000540281,0.00015368884,0.000046711666],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035906836,0.0002844427,0.00042311725,0.0013953942,0.0001570348,0.000043357333,0.00027693497,0.0003352012,0.000017219607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053862514,0.0002629761,0.00006613597,0.0010347798,0.00008030446,0.00015440231,0.0002849312,0.0001726026,6.937916e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043697877,0.00008584107,0.00038334946,0.00009751689,0.0001368874,0.000022854038,0.00028455423,0.19559535,0.51560384,0.27645436,0.00039909035,0.010892654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034155085,0.000019626264,0.0000019597996,0.000199958,0.000022305878,0.000005681113,0.0006695414,0.514031,0.46471196,0.0076126144,0.01221232,0.00017146216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0072631435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023161399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87837183,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000195559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004039062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414486746","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114006","title":"Transparency effects in agrivoltaics lettuce cultivation using uniform/non-uniform semitransparent photovoltaic modules in controlled environments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Photovoltaic system; Photosynthetically active radiation; Cadmium telluride photovoltaics; Yield (engineering); Transmittance; Solar energy; Radiation","score_opus":0.006218340704904995,"score_gpt":0.22308617450727627,"score_spread":0.2168678338023713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414486746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94147664,0.00015308308,0.054773036,0.000043469434,0.00019465145,0.001003254,0.0000065022323,0.000030811698,0.002318559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982377,0.000080985716,0.0005898603,0.00022258984,0.000018833876,0.000258483,0.000026751539,0.000023198034,0.00054155936],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971829,0.00022652031,0.00081610796,0.00066406623,0.00043262783,0.0006777624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912274,0.0001368288,0.00014825167,0.00047153607,0.000009187643,0.00011143538],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006587255,0.00037914165,0.0006482806,0.00023283374,0.00015095204,0.000034337296,0.00035240993,0.00024998985,0.000060065442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000075395794,0.00035147695,0.00016524454,0.0007729712,0.0001493188,0.00039995302,0.00009231641,0.0002602602,0.000007174024],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034465612,0.0007503751,0.43852872,0.00018713478,0.000050883413,0.000068761,0.0010344142,0.12996437,0.42602092,0.0002809645,0.00010797302,0.002660813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014975122,0.00015949555,0.4665166,0.00054177054,0.00007820852,0.000006576387,0.00085816166,0.40048012,0.09650617,0.0077140327,0.011143142,0.0010205725],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0407288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012893459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32951477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016970284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060306826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415675766","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114084","title":"In situ prepared 2D/2D BiOBr/ Cd-TCPP MOF S-scheme heterojunction for enhancing photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"123 Certification (Canada)","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Heterojunction; Catalysis; Photothermal effect; Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide; Stacking; Carbon monoxide; Electron transfer","score_opus":0.009180253462272489,"score_gpt":0.2698379075976777,"score_spread":0.2606576541354052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415675766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82382405,0.0004969616,0.15539481,0.00018175862,0.0014752693,0.0011746249,0.000030952215,0.0011245476,0.01629706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879777,0.00005990265,0.004988854,0.0002490858,0.00019446597,0.00094157155,0.00032812188,0.00007526568,0.005185034],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978989,0.0000833372,0.0006115518,0.0007071647,0.00019989435,0.0004991649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99881834,0.000069843976,0.00020339592,0.00071507535,0.0001222642,0.00007110097],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002330762,0.00033528986,0.00042762607,0.00046175352,0.0001487593,0.000043767133,0.00027945926,0.0002543946,0.000044369604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010862882,0.00037030719,0.00020726281,0.0007421376,0.00007343284,0.00050558994,0.00010245709,0.00018047122,0.000012330884],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029176963,0.00014188758,0.000030825435,0.00007457932,0.000103540515,0.000003602397,0.0002938329,0.0033788085,0.98487544,0.0036364081,0.0011528851,0.006016428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069934706,0.0000842925,0.00004768576,0.000075605734,0.000053332635,0.000006295391,0.00012529225,0.0021553554,0.9369866,0.004892688,0.054547116,0.0003263863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029932566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01648415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16415368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005015366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009245398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998749},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416318476","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114147","title":"Engineered flexible phase change materials with multilayered polypyrrole for efficient solar thermal conversion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CARE Canada","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Energy conversion efficiency; Flexibility (engineering); Thermal stability; Temperature cycling; Durability; Rigidity (electromagnetism); Thermal; Phase change; Energy transformation","score_opus":0.027683353770249282,"score_gpt":0.27850460198392885,"score_spread":0.25082124821367957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416318476","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9457543,0.00092270446,0.049544696,0.0001227528,0.0012481809,0.0007304747,0.00056158047,0.0006679543,0.0004473755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784184,0.00005608958,0.0005713011,0.00010695805,0.00027563004,0.00052342593,0.0001773447,0.000084862586,0.00036253687],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859047,0.000048385595,0.00023987879,0.00029842893,0.00020802274,0.0006148028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933875,0.000057691428,0.00003189609,0.0003661694,0.00008750521,0.00011799323],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023188241,0.00028265716,0.00034422832,0.00028323717,0.000118825694,0.00009629992,0.0002606094,0.00015061024,0.00021667068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020398327,0.00025220125,0.000062338506,0.00024643014,0.000040454797,0.00011778282,0.0000792388,0.00007707545,0.00001899024],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047524768,0.000119453034,0.0000024053654,0.00029540315,0.00011008242,0.000012399471,0.00019771175,0.006215365,0.9890259,0.00025264066,0.00058012904,0.0027132644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033979202,0.00014964488,0.000018608429,0.00008896801,0.000027918693,0.000002160463,0.00004612987,0.07610893,0.90277433,0.000011794215,0.017125092,0.00024852666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014132162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012781919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.086251594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011831641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038714585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7081985685","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113910","title":"Multi-scale solar-to-hydrogen system design: An open-source modeling framework","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","keywords":"Sizing; Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Hydrogen production; Empirical modelling; Python (programming language); Sustainable energy","score_opus":0.02975160248948657,"score_gpt":0.26084166101721945,"score_spread":0.23109005852773287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7081985685","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0018368281,0.00015224615,0.9932243,0.0010227698,0.00028241138,0.00014586018,0.0000011341208,0.00037622158,0.002958225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6308182,0.0000034421898,0.3656914,0.001031234,0.0000618517,0.000052178777,0.0000037817972,0.000006721163,0.0023311996],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99804294,0.0002145251,0.00030208466,0.00077013485,0.00018698572,0.00048333514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983314,0.00008004296,0.00006624279,0.0011793067,0.00013847524,0.00020452263],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066032395,0.00022614306,0.00028178355,0.00008945037,0.00040335767,0.00039812032,0.002730153,0.00023224203,0.000009356489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010840715,0.00022342156,0.000061077706,0.0005851232,0.000020257148,0.00036186108,0.001442819,0.00021582826,0.000026253078],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000206279,0.00015364795,0.00012158992,0.0000687795,0.000056891426,0.000030007695,0.0009181651,0.931721,0.0151860025,0.037921034,0.0003329375,0.013469347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018756995,0.000042171374,0.0000059030212,0.00015926281,0.000008521992,0.0000112009675,0.00016411812,0.9554239,0.02290263,0.004959584,0.0158801,0.0002550223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028520246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029366103,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62898135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006592677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012077764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9110867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7082048726","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113768","title":"Comparative analysis of charcoal-starch composite as a heat absorber in solar drying of water yam (Dioscorea alata)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Solar dryer; Solar energy; Water content; Moisture; Desiccant; Wood drying; Thermal efficiency; Thermal","score_opus":0.013179100327657445,"score_gpt":0.2583761267611181,"score_spread":0.24519702643346064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7082048726","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91649014,0.0003095083,0.0631929,0.0012773797,0.00011077532,0.000087600245,0.000008583134,0.000044056913,0.018479053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975149,0.00001847907,0.0015957244,0.00017066898,0.000008312301,0.000010230327,0.00004120719,0.000001673073,0.0006387793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851364,0.00013399858,0.00042381324,0.00039676268,0.00021390985,0.00031790097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990502,0.000110874294,0.000073104115,0.00056177436,0.00015651296,0.000047505364],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034656798,0.00016129306,0.0005879032,0.00043727766,0.00006783157,0.00002693392,0.0006543741,0.00009378029,0.000052358395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018601653,0.00013343488,0.00016911782,0.0011972745,0.00009388749,0.00014723088,0.0004432777,0.00014233703,0.000003255151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015126406,0.0005193701,0.08454132,0.00023612166,0.00211142,0.00006056091,0.009022097,0.084253676,0.7716005,0.045499425,0.00018846303,0.0018158092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041239138,0.00007120327,0.008626195,0.00009588447,0.00011150153,0.0000023126786,0.00016935327,0.13074836,0.85189855,0.0037807997,0.0038784472,0.00020500198],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014318803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026170336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08102478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028129558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050435207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54413164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7114781407","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114215","title":"Enhancing heat stress tolerance in organic romaine lettuce using crystalline silicon and red, blue & green-colored thin film agrivoltaic systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Shading; Crystalline silicon; Photovoltaic system; Biomass (ecology); Yield (engineering); Productivity; Intensity (physics); Light intensity; Silicon","score_opus":0.006084053712105573,"score_gpt":0.21289863366922207,"score_spread":0.2068145799571165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7114781407","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927769,0.0008839203,0.005143981,0.0000891036,0.00022771386,0.00032302467,0.000013951365,0.000057572754,0.0004838431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963826,0.00003686762,0.00016006564,0.0001506262,0.0000657109,0.00004051723,0.000014586917,0.000022560605,0.0031264469],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976999,0.00024878338,0.00057192356,0.00067077816,0.00028622,0.0005223561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915075,0.00009524097,0.00009465152,0.00051126967,0.000026823402,0.0001212669],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006112995,0.0002801088,0.0004541507,0.000096660755,0.00021611048,0.000072500356,0.0002662371,0.00019018738,0.00013154512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011201063,0.00026694158,0.00005781809,0.0006213235,0.00013893991,0.00025786302,0.000315271,0.00019875151,0.0000036440003],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006315656,0.0001436652,0.05146781,0.0002729448,0.000025701365,0.000046840556,0.0010245814,0.13812882,0.80826306,0.00012134822,0.0002200705,0.00022199692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003900951,0.00021712779,0.103611834,0.0014944572,0.00009208867,0.0001228571,0.0058909305,0.656973,0.09873132,0.001689806,0.12540247,0.0018731499],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.105579875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07913129,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7095318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007164875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064204556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7114997844","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114195","title":"Creating just agrivoltaic transitions for large-scale solar: a comparative multi criteria analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Australian Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Macquarie University","keywords":"Key (lock); Field (mathematics); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.018445586510471384,"score_gpt":0.29806961497970696,"score_spread":0.27962402846923556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7114997844","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25685233,0.00012387626,0.7330736,0.0001935448,0.00017910382,0.0004403916,0.00020984343,0.00009739079,0.008829934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99052316,0.000003524204,0.0041987807,0.00026202176,0.000031942927,0.00023975376,0.000088020875,0.000009002093,0.0046438],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984357,0.00014727024,0.00034830146,0.00048595192,0.00015831308,0.0004244752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930483,0.00010338121,0.00007254338,0.00037048518,0.000046314955,0.00010245989],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041952092,0.00018632901,0.00040694993,0.000108076354,0.0005615895,0.00006250473,0.00020666035,0.000104783714,0.0004714234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004621961,0.00017348086,0.00032248165,0.0008725376,0.000095200834,0.00018167881,0.00008900032,0.00008463801,0.000008961564],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006445375,0.0056161582,0.43381554,0.00067677523,0.0047110063,0.00004348158,0.077180415,0.051623736,0.3457362,0.008098987,0.06534817,0.0065049906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021986975,0.00013403743,0.13215362,0.00004750289,0.0010900074,0.000002758575,0.021195423,0.5975967,0.01791325,0.0022543597,0.2246786,0.00073502987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0085202325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.031845108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73367083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025129315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034740387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116838922","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114206","title":"Stress evolution and degradation in zero-busbar silicon photovoltaic modules under thermal cycling: A finite element study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Soldering; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Photovoltaic system; Thermal; Reliability (semiconductor); Temperature cycling; Durability; Silicon","score_opus":0.009493773957618325,"score_gpt":0.21809462936078924,"score_spread":0.20860085540317092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116838922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758049,0.0012827156,0.021851823,0.000016645272,0.00013292397,0.00014456257,0.0000034473424,0.00031203433,0.000450946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999431,0.00018760742,0.00013395779,0.00002465617,0.00001073555,0.000057987276,0.000013048096,0.00001650719,0.00012448854],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921423,0.00004357828,0.00021659117,0.00021488643,0.00009863507,0.00021205652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996619,0.000048310605,0.000021985004,0.0002295503,0.000015250626,0.000022956863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011539779,0.0001540796,0.00015967351,0.0002622509,0.000059214555,0.000038973754,0.00011510122,0.00011698774,0.0000072400885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002686241,0.0001555494,0.000028068238,0.00025540066,0.000029088664,0.00010713139,0.00006254946,0.00014430504,0.0000016228513],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044729622,0.00048869307,0.22736035,0.0001155218,0.0002494562,0.000023717856,0.0009436218,0.45230183,0.24024817,0.014152177,0.00009041175,0.063981324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019743918,0.0001452282,0.23028927,0.00010718034,0.000049182287,0.0000011457632,0.005626941,0.60945815,0.14468332,0.00671686,0.0004565811,0.0004917396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000326276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011379175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15715635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010951662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012876506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63431203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}