{"meta":{"query_hash":"2ddcb139adaa","filters":{"venue":"Springer geography"},"cohort_total":5,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"exported":5,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/2ddcb139adaa","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Springer+geography"},"results":[{"id":"W1038446324","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-18787-7_22","title":"Groundwater Recharge and Contribution to the Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Springer geography","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"International Development Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater recharge; Groundwater; Baseflow; Hydrology (agriculture); Aquifer; Groundwater flow; Groundwater discharge; Structural basin; Environmental science; Geology; Drainage basin; Surface water; Depression-focused recharge; Streamflow; Geography; Geomorphology; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.012109312150635727,"score_gpt":0.2117963621372758,"score_spread":0.19968704998664005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1038446324","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28012532,0.0046296003,0.0014927866,0.03807137,0.0035490012,0.0049646576,0.00023032201,0.0005952772,0.66634166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80738574,0.0019341203,0.00034186605,0.010219666,0.00058907305,0.00023484233,0.00014428588,0.0001562175,0.1789942],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980469,0.000058846435,0.00028367655,0.0006936886,0.0004020583,0.0005148787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991187,0.000043576092,0.00011879339,0.00052279525,0.000035155907,0.00016101537],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008735674,0.00042300217,0.00038782725,0.0001699237,0.00043483556,0.000063960535,0.0003394108,0.00032509514,0.0010208674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023982031,0.00030206185,0.00017848465,0.00009362453,0.0005190349,0.00013224348,0.0007906561,0.00045277964,0.0017732029],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004523455,0.00020097966,0.42698574,0.00012525788,0.0018036397,0.00014134569,0.0022548663,0.00020098432,0.00029628194,0.07312969,0.4815746,0.0128342705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025670574,0.00011815594,0.037831213,0.000037707843,0.00014991812,0.000003650202,0.000010852273,0.000004156239,0.00010760487,0.007345594,0.95373404,0.0004003839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003073101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033979188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5272604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008750257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000050500944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320736504","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-21086-0_16","title":"Future Floods in the Brahmaputra River Basin Based on Multi-model Ensemble of CMIP6 Projections","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Springer geography","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of Saskatchewan; Government of Alberta; Ministry of Environment","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Environmental science; Flood myth; Climatology; Streamflow; Flooding (psychology); Monsoon; Structural basin; Drainage basin; Climate change; Water resources; Period (music); Hydrology (agriculture); Geography; Geology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.027463977554557727,"score_gpt":0.23962357637289236,"score_spread":0.21215959881833463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320736504","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05256375,0.00010138346,0.004059135,0.0016240864,0.0012904145,0.0038092276,0.0007922707,0.00038611176,0.9353736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8920765,0.001115119,0.026547695,0.004025326,0.00064461544,0.0005762267,0.0003194953,0.0004954431,0.074199565],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810475,0.00005115869,0.00036817332,0.0006158766,0.00052662933,0.00033342364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884194,0.00012422986,0.00014642123,0.0008130805,0.000014560811,0.00005977441],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006158007,0.00034201326,0.00032650863,0.0003496069,0.00013172149,0.000024108273,0.0004592861,0.00035678316,0.00036447513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013202355,0.00027036938,0.00042144884,0.0002810288,0.00036231204,0.00007684158,0.00014810977,0.0005933401,0.00015948928],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00060020393,0.0048214295,0.15861687,0.001254345,0.0005152415,0.00015647504,0.011456079,0.6594473,0.0020739092,0.12896006,0.009127688,0.022970393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041734683,0.0008409306,0.4472574,0.0012654501,0.00062600325,0.000009025234,0.0003433586,0.3549525,0.00034846435,0.06677213,0.119939625,0.0034716453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006173434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00076240796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86117405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061147766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027628113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377823021","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-24767-5_20","title":"Analysing Land Use Transformation and Water Security: Evidence from the Global North and the Global South","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Springer geography","topic":"Water resources management and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sustenance; Water security; Geography; Waves and shallow water; Transformation (genetics); Land use; New delhi; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Business; Political science; Environmental science; Water resources; Engineering; Civil engineering; Oceanography; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.012461982861458384,"score_gpt":0.17828598735252643,"score_spread":0.16582400449106804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377823021","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9511377,0.008191172,0.0077952263,0.00095108274,0.00073215604,0.0018608052,0.0006500784,0.0009514649,0.027730288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995096,0.0036254285,0.000107177475,0.00010510812,0.0002209848,0.000016007989,0.00023672577,0.000049898506,0.0005426371],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990228,0.000023166163,0.00024144776,0.00024790305,0.00024812372,0.00021658337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956125,0.000049586593,0.000048684262,0.00026553424,0.000027000753,0.00004794407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015257567,0.00028154743,0.00023976776,0.00007535068,0.0001675852,0.00049278716,0.00017429062,0.00011044406,0.00001296076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004973407,0.00015776548,0.00014091324,0.00011148131,0.00014785168,0.000271728,0.00011378694,0.00017732733,0.000015694231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022908566,0.0000063167336,0.92846864,0.00043351314,0.0027050006,0.000024257355,0.011328588,0.041045394,8.474795e-7,0.0060814903,0.00018686969,0.009490003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0039776387,0.00007137408,0.72369534,0.0018381571,0.005345281,0.000009436314,0.0003450143,0.15517887,0.00001523394,0.04690947,0.060063798,0.0025503626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004193804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012965417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20477328,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022059367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000019186925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64334893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391685810","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49873-2_7","title":"Perceptions of Healthy and Unhealthy Food among People with Migrant Backgrounds in Canada: The Case of Toronto","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Springer geography","topic":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Migrant workers; Geography; Psychology; Environmental health; Gerontology; Medicine; Economic growth; Economics","score_opus":0.03995561369550722,"score_gpt":0.32369124261541266,"score_spread":0.28373562891990545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391685810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9173119,0.016973443,0.0000045235347,0.0019923078,0.0008918092,0.0025648605,0.0013865855,0.000045209337,0.058829367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940943,0.0027849684,0.000104793995,0.00035097142,0.00012348074,0.00013986608,0.000046969377,0.00006691754,0.0022877252],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99729353,0.00012999069,0.001185167,0.00046762222,0.0003396224,0.00058405055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978881,0.00040869944,0.00058571616,0.0006233113,0.00022827186,0.0002658966],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056820904,0.00035622783,0.0007837743,0.0002981375,0.00061972573,0.000007340409,0.00020450914,0.00036495223,0.0005966423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000120031145,0.00027343043,0.00014815539,0.00017966315,0.00028348752,0.000098298166,0.00017447282,0.0013251364,0.000005435467],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003560089,0.000095255054,0.6851073,0.011925166,0.0004511108,0.000145508,0.031612854,0.000024123388,7.2921273e-7,0.26742008,0.0018332881,0.0010285982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001304748,0.0011923624,0.9166952,0.004089415,0.0004317443,0.00005904115,0.027414056,0.00011720555,1.9047073e-7,0.0061603272,0.041871957,0.00066379923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98694766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99978656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26125976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056687475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002244509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412835422","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-65241-7_23","title":"Interactive Web Tool for Mapping Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Springer geography","topic":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Soil carbon; Environmental science; Dynamics (music); Computer science; Earth science; World Wide Web; Soil science; Geology; Psychology; Soil water","score_opus":0.006056260513359003,"score_gpt":0.19993327092773056,"score_spread":0.19387701041437155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412835422","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00527181,0.00023685256,0.00553434,0.00019517525,0.0014138877,0.00096063263,0.00032853035,0.00017274177,0.98588604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.13320076,0.0012018412,0.01134377,0.0014414494,0.00071305485,0.0003646171,0.0006784589,0.00041287273,0.85064316],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982311,0.0000092217515,0.00037313392,0.00069124106,0.00027894916,0.00041633972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901944,0.00015836026,0.00024188221,0.00046299366,0.00003614073,0.00008115518],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017480509,0.000420975,0.00038684212,0.00029644143,0.00014946985,0.0000708401,0.0003461658,0.0002619005,0.0006809551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046422618,0.000466057,0.00031333612,0.00012469503,0.00015701371,0.00006199056,0.0004809847,0.00039060207,0.0000745403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044773333,0.0004331693,0.12290671,0.0024406614,0.0049958336,0.00024276314,0.0018187562,0.0008226512,0.003969596,0.27538392,0.048651826,0.5378864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001313174,0.0001971799,0.014978168,0.0012426288,0.0005609931,0.000009076096,0.00012228737,0.03278927,0.000119435026,0.07881586,0.86719656,0.0026553688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023323666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061716366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81854475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002711254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041347303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997791},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}