{"meta":{"query_hash":"e76a819e8ecc","filters":{"venue":"Studies in American Political Development"},"cohort_total":14,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"exported":14,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/e76a819e8ecc","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Studies+in+American+Political+Development"},"results":[{"id":"W2052326867","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x07000156","title":"American Political Development from Citizens' Perspective: Tracking Federal Government's Presence in Individual Lives over Time","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Government (linguistics); Citizenship; State (computer science); Political science; Perspective (graphical); Corporate governance; Tracking (education); Public administration; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political economy; Sociology; Law; Management; History; Economics","score_opus":0.06524997996775307,"score_gpt":0.4119442500648417,"score_spread":0.34669427009708864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052326867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926475,0.00013009013,0.00013455414,0.00043973915,0.000010823928,0.000009835741,0.00035852953,0.000006297876,0.0062625995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99830174,0.00015928778,0.00016941404,0.0000857264,0.000012644572,0.00003116912,0.000362175,0.0000032344692,0.00087463984],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888974,0.00054507697,0.00005429056,0.000114430884,0.00019269696,0.00020383488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99541664,0.0016144774,0.0010542092,0.0002786278,0.00082362845,0.0008124061],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020955617,0.0001246158,0.00027573065,0.0031276469,0.0020426996,0.0033240402,0.0004950544,0.0008293778,0.002321375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006014065,0.0002018569,0.00016802788,0.0035595722,0.0012354648,0.0026541525,0.0022939513,0.0011736494,0.0004662488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009665029,0.00023422667,0.86807483,0.000041067284,0.000041733536,0.00008779982,0.08443776,0.00009533898,0.00031572522,0.0022003946,0.003380075,0.040994506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000038012058,0.00008733956,0.9001009,0.000035121542,0.000016759714,0.00009866307,0.08831207,0.00033282538,0.00021775573,0.0007526704,0.010020905,0.000021250877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014084668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033823166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014084668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012661164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007149353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028005362},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104911342","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x08000035","title":"Managing the Periphery in the Gilded Age: Writing Constitutions for the Western States","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gilded Age; State (computer science); Political science; Politics; Regionalism (politics); State-building; Quarter (Canadian coin); Law; Political economy; History; Sociology; Archaeology","score_opus":0.09802294705320688,"score_gpt":0.3966189194811696,"score_spread":0.29859597242796276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2104911342","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25701264,0.012751342,0.05973249,0.11006763,0.0041640983,0.00009822845,0.000084329185,0.00019099134,0.55589825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9684253,0.0016538532,0.006892097,0.004861033,0.00064563676,0.0000638047,0.000025378979,0.00004673918,0.017386219],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983607,0.0012373826,0.00005120236,0.00012985311,0.00010187342,0.00011901647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998164,0.0013300458,0.00012872963,0.00013597378,0.00015010532,0.00009124025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039741853,0.00023320988,0.00020322729,0.0005508988,0.0049371207,0.0054476834,0.00036121503,0.0011948227,0.0024358646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0052003316,0.00019479159,0.00014545575,0.0005081444,0.009861224,0.0054834625,0.003031561,0.0033671968,0.00025031678],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012040785,0.000009032832,0.00038399643,0.00002783423,0.0000026167108,0.0000776009,0.03267189,0.00030539982,0.00023867202,0.94933116,0.0071241297,0.009815568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018141758,0.00003633464,0.0016137082,0.00038263647,0.000019200259,0.00008163094,0.035037156,0.0011077726,0.0008791923,0.39466888,0.5661275,0.00002787144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035408493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0113700945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054476834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021831298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018336219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02101773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121358689","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x13000060","title":"General Jackson's Passports: Natural Rights and Sovereign Citizens in the Political Thought of Andrew Jackson, 1780s–1820s","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; Federalist; Citizenship; Nationalism; Polity; State (computer science); Law; Politics; Cherokee; Covenant; Political science; Trespass; Constitution; Popular sovereignty; History; Archaeology","score_opus":0.024362684348781603,"score_gpt":0.33175134211191487,"score_spread":0.3073886577631333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121358689","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1726948,0.04351657,0.002363863,0.21607015,0.0017773657,0.00003645603,0.000108136446,0.000046441444,0.5633862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87129647,0.008137706,0.0007103529,0.012693928,0.0007335088,0.000038865164,0.000025980826,0.00003611545,0.10632713],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920744,0.00038657401,0.000019563779,0.00010341948,0.00014356975,0.00013953849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934775,0.0004055601,0.0000640498,0.000021519445,0.00008488942,0.00007607393],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015645921,0.00027534788,0.00017463023,0.00076284586,0.005525362,0.002784033,0.0003211483,0.0017176863,0.001342119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002348536,0.00015619503,0.00011471154,0.0005338226,0.012045611,0.003603728,0.0015429079,0.0033642282,0.00023674517],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016285818,0.000009684843,0.00046810877,0.000026421963,0.0000024563299,0.00020895326,0.050450996,0.00009406081,0.00014803575,0.90800023,0.031842522,0.008732464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000059787344,0.000014301141,0.0013358737,0.00012926481,0.0000031943437,0.00014974258,0.008365487,0.000071204515,0.000121039826,0.08303092,0.90675324,0.000019744515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038223658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05486006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038223658,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0058808597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002813041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07600236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123738161","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x02000032","title":"Migration, Radicalism, and State Security: Legislative Initiatives in the Canadas and the United States c.1794–1804","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Political radicalism; Political science; State (computer science); Politics; Legislature; Independence (probability theory); Legislation; Law; Administration (probate law); Economic history; Public administration; History","score_opus":0.03994997561388947,"score_gpt":0.33795075342866515,"score_spread":0.2980007778147757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123738161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67662084,0.01535623,0.00026195007,0.042336155,0.00030575716,0.00005341363,0.00046013296,0.000028475426,0.26457697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9653769,0.002989645,0.00016871492,0.0030041516,0.000057274352,0.000022007542,0.00010248322,0.000013731392,0.028265046],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767,0.0002413179,0.0000407043,0.00014339876,0.0006885911,0.0012160257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99829966,0.0003167915,0.0002121176,0.000041156964,0.0006074495,0.000522973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015839286,0.00019566723,0.00021223495,0.0026785668,0.021687478,0.0057708165,0.0010151708,0.0012849278,0.0034824428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034923607,0.00022770894,0.0002518866,0.005446898,0.015713809,0.0012140817,0.0024685324,0.002645364,0.00012897157],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011443824,0.000088876826,0.03900647,0.00013056675,0.000036784728,0.00050872675,0.22145481,0.00058054936,0.0006210846,0.62698865,0.038327564,0.07214151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000036350553,0.000041235024,0.28295246,0.0003260737,0.000031516738,0.00010724202,0.071617894,0.00022808355,0.0004608304,0.008384718,0.63572747,0.000086035405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9919824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99731195,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14047669,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.14047669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.12072406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99692523},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161402523","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x14000066","title":"Gradual Institutional Change in Congressional Ethics: Endogenous Pressures toward Third-Party Enforcement","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Pluralism (philosophy); Commit; Legislature; Enforcement; Law and economics; Politics; Law; Sociology","score_opus":0.3464352702969709,"score_gpt":0.4525042247220116,"score_spread":0.10606895442504072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2161402523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84259313,0.0005933668,0.014042914,0.019409487,0.00008020374,0.00011585544,0.000052873238,0.000119419245,0.12299282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979837,0.00006465976,0.0006718659,0.0002800457,0.000017916303,0.000020622225,0.0000055352257,0.000009453472,0.00094615313],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98600477,0.007404544,0.00037568444,0.001341971,0.003346171,0.0015269368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.970341,0.013037474,0.0066220807,0.003221987,0.0037579716,0.0030193788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010509452,0.00019024799,0.00024766603,0.0017744479,0.0039556273,0.009580831,0.0010402823,0.0017464061,0.0031543765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.034261353,0.0004898872,0.00037696818,0.0013254952,0.018481981,0.0038186437,0.0053828876,0.0031496796,0.00033259887],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021285455,0.0005572393,0.0765826,0.00017822458,0.0001225048,0.0005688168,0.05172472,0.005119029,0.009802114,0.78902125,0.004097256,0.06201346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017080648,0.00046066893,0.29982564,0.00038698246,0.00008827155,0.0005509774,0.083280616,0.018079823,0.0109237125,0.47871286,0.1072173,0.00030244616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030266694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032132692,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010509452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008071767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0067024725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05856502},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945969102","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x2000005x","title":"The Political Effects of Policy Drift: Policy Stalemate and American Political Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Science North","funders":"","keywords":"Stalemate; Gridlock; Politics; Polity; Context (archaeology); Political science; Political economy; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.03574243271676784,"score_gpt":0.39915270806651226,"score_spread":0.3634102753497444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945969102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5622361,0.006375071,0.011534934,0.1167894,0.00014127926,0.00003915095,0.00012228776,0.000053476782,0.30270824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99719846,0.00061079656,0.00037732662,0.0008316974,0.000034781096,0.000008048966,0.00001037903,0.0000048045795,0.00092366466],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955929,0.0025889266,0.00008436924,0.0003494654,0.0005408099,0.00084345305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954365,0.0023272508,0.0007861122,0.00028028814,0.0005796433,0.000590116],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007977229,0.00014991971,0.00026237013,0.0015403059,0.0038840724,0.0061501465,0.00046950747,0.0016461837,0.0024033308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010270909,0.0001385464,0.00025635376,0.002474773,0.01589752,0.003919769,0.0035914793,0.0027562522,0.00015105894],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002973268,0.000028815208,0.007689425,0.000028243216,0.000008811338,0.00006328392,0.0054366216,0.0017338231,0.0001455907,0.97112614,0.0012686875,0.012440706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028956045,0.000042970845,0.035121784,0.00013914391,0.000018352017,0.00006678,0.010626111,0.004306736,0.00034952548,0.8887522,0.06051217,0.00003522127],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00914627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011226249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009846318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009846318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0058602667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07144034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012093879","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x19000166","title":"From Personal to Partisan: Abortion, Party, and Religion Among California State Legislators","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Science North","funders":"","keywords":"Abortion; Polarization (electrochemistry); Legislator; Political science; Legislature; Voting; Politics of the United States; Politics; Christian right; State (computer science); Political economy; Law; Sociology; Legislation","score_opus":0.05421969801861295,"score_gpt":0.36772790447669196,"score_spread":0.31350820645807903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3012093879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914009,0.00017282143,0.00004789997,0.0012276355,0.000012164382,0.000004185241,0.000034642624,0.0000012894602,0.007098508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987663,0.00009987613,0.00001903109,0.00014069569,0.000017177748,0.000003671052,0.000027172367,0.0000015292454,0.0009246274],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886,0.0005088543,0.00003671034,0.00012989897,0.00020103535,0.00026355532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950977,0.0022157016,0.0011896085,0.00018346246,0.000608067,0.00070549356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027616078,0.000057442398,0.0001355549,0.00086564815,0.002978892,0.001840673,0.0003409435,0.00051566,0.004292845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0059472965,0.00017595163,0.000086465916,0.000766353,0.0016564195,0.00078464387,0.001200097,0.0009087593,0.00021701801],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011737371,0.0001893847,0.85025376,0.000037428483,0.000033408116,0.0001213134,0.11104691,0.0000624631,0.0005769161,0.0051963166,0.0040679877,0.028296765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000064857963,0.000039366434,0.91987383,0.00004295265,0.000013552166,0.000052405172,0.068588525,0.00016614274,0.00015227283,0.00046055485,0.0105910385,0.00001294951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.044170346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10917933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044170346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013893943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007678896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08782649},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023296395","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x19000191","title":"Race, the Canadian Census, and Interactive Political Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Census and Population Estimation","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Census; Race (biology); Dynamism; Politics; American Community Survey; Context (archaeology); Political science; Public administration; Sociology; Gender studies; Geography; Population; Law; Epistemology; Demography","score_opus":0.12280514156993913,"score_gpt":0.3976692631601434,"score_spread":0.27486412159020424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3023296395","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06817722,0.0027374672,0.00539606,0.036861684,0.00021964502,0.000058101425,0.00039477722,0.00012933143,0.8860256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9719934,0.0016715011,0.0029287497,0.0013999947,0.00003779612,0.000049356917,0.00013375554,0.0000750008,0.021710591],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9923308,0.0030090204,0.00009778445,0.0005988527,0.0020882876,0.0018751771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930936,0.0027489823,0.00040498195,0.0004883259,0.002018277,0.0012458445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0066117495,0.000520062,0.00034570904,0.004273699,0.024343742,0.008958447,0.0015873702,0.0009985408,0.009792287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013219201,0.00038165427,0.00032050934,0.006323715,0.037613466,0.0038641344,0.0070656016,0.003114422,0.00037622504],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017188453,0.0000099304625,0.0043849577,0.000028156965,0.000007330438,0.000119634744,0.04072308,0.00047260296,0.000106667074,0.923081,0.01122653,0.01982307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018042878,0.000011731213,0.019429991,0.0002306684,0.000023882283,0.00010800689,0.06888149,0.0013733377,0.0004650884,0.15106092,0.7583077,0.00008913854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9716656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9801554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1305884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1305884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.11592947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94748956},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034008751","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x20000024","title":"Leader to Laggard: How Founding Institutions Have Shaped American Environmental Policy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Environmental and Regional History","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Political science; Political economy; Environmental governance; Opposition (politics); Corporate governance; Economic rent; Constitution; Private property; Property rights; Public administration; Law and economics; Law; Economics; Politics; Market economy","score_opus":0.07375758826664917,"score_gpt":0.31930146321711844,"score_spread":0.24554387495046925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034008751","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15571852,0.008569912,0.002302935,0.23578028,0.000891682,0.00003747416,0.00014073659,0.00006165901,0.5964969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95312124,0.0041523995,0.00048577774,0.011259149,0.000191389,0.00001963398,0.00004307984,0.000054654374,0.03067261],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99711335,0.0013177015,0.000026183827,0.00027795625,0.00030823902,0.000956603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972115,0.0012244959,0.00018490438,0.00015370494,0.0006207698,0.00060466357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00459987,0.0001416817,0.00018194699,0.0012099474,0.012756298,0.008836862,0.0007363033,0.0015494344,0.00543533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0060099275,0.0001586406,0.00016601806,0.001998925,0.017245976,0.0058173225,0.0025642214,0.0044087274,0.00035937212],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020986967,0.00003165023,0.003072812,0.00003448428,0.0000050412973,0.00007994914,0.02367658,0.00020838395,0.00009480325,0.9294363,0.022972899,0.02036601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026529338,0.000032868324,0.012324442,0.00036373388,0.0000211471,0.00004473892,0.057264015,0.0003918358,0.00041386666,0.15574557,0.7733335,0.00003778099],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2641632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4221068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2641632,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.038540844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.029630555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52525115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3040973495","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x20000115","title":"Racism Is Not Enough: Minority Coalition Building in San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Settlement (finance); Political science; Racism; Incentive; Ethnic group; Politics; Race (biology); Political economy; Gender studies; Public administration; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.057280174369861124,"score_gpt":0.37200557160476255,"score_spread":0.31472539723490145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3040973495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98364764,0.00032764775,0.000040536044,0.0012348639,0.000016889513,0.00000984256,0.000036754816,0.0000034873528,0.014682396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942281,0.00037285947,0.0000573898,0.0001366628,0.000004722235,0.0000076018077,0.00006361493,0.000004237492,0.0051247827],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931383,0.00016234946,0.00001504,0.0000687583,0.00008077714,0.000359271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864763,0.00019953404,0.00011853205,0.0000476826,0.000231052,0.00075550383],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079355825,0.00015207609,0.00019227296,0.0015902884,0.015240898,0.004205961,0.0009596106,0.00067062053,0.0027844156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016710573,0.00020750663,0.000083117266,0.0022551247,0.003611338,0.00095328095,0.0030072979,0.0014575704,0.00014947666],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032626922,0.00043979334,0.38295922,0.000096649856,0.00005161255,0.0026378566,0.47915387,0.0004429673,0.0009767408,0.0293615,0.01409563,0.08945794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016464874,0.00005326881,0.3301279,0.00012819255,0.000016583486,0.0001671184,0.6204571,0.0002465616,0.0002088036,0.001180808,0.047368065,0.000029117364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.87184143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9725841,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12815857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.019517522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010835056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25782663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288693035","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x22000104","title":"Assessing Exceptionalism: More but Different Cross-National Comparisons","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"American exceptionalism; Exceptionalism; Political science; Politics; Political economy; Positive economics; Law; Sociology; Economics","score_opus":0.19533922664405268,"score_gpt":0.5153929685862434,"score_spread":0.3200537419421907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4288693035","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97346264,0.0009432013,0.002525763,0.0028854073,0.00032496345,0.000053808275,0.0004535454,0.0000105533845,0.019340025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970585,0.00023679875,0.0013641226,0.00039574792,0.00006912787,0.000050233353,0.0005568187,0.000009197002,0.00025935227],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.98478174,0.011212412,0.00078312884,0.0011265619,0.0013483636,0.0007477469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.96831673,0.014217954,0.004010383,0.0029731665,0.007311224,0.0031705594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.021928446,0.0002834039,0.00058329204,0.0045408304,0.0015355941,0.0035933722,0.00074325583,0.00062496774,0.0025370377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.052369736,0.00011860767,0.0005213229,0.0047745085,0.0023781338,0.0046233675,0.004462881,0.0017566812,0.00019720402],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034635732,0.00037056304,0.9084782,0.00018783967,0.001222952,0.00008329614,0.009883749,0.00079378404,0.0007881489,0.02326327,0.0056781233,0.048903693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002979221,0.00038781716,0.9299389,0.00070239085,0.00033098733,0.00008015151,0.040821444,0.0008891407,0.000816939,0.015568057,0.010382758,0.000051489093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006436251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01296241,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021928446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016933114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012781292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.115970075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406149216","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x24000075","title":"The Old Republic: Clientelism in American Political Development","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Political Economy and Marxism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Oxford; York University; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Clientelism; Politics; Political science; Reciprocity (cultural anthropology); State (computer science); Political economy; Feudalism; Sociology; Law; Social science","score_opus":0.051237511752619674,"score_gpt":0.39955687148618324,"score_spread":0.34831935973356354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406149216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76805466,0.0010871048,0.00047149745,0.01024849,0.000028720691,0.000011198848,0.000018549821,0.000010006305,0.22006974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99705935,0.00014468147,0.000027650021,0.00009161552,0.000007119584,0.000001670964,0.000001797903,0.000001224265,0.002664969],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898344,0.00048105643,0.0000150194355,0.00004808429,0.00013132827,0.00034099616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992661,0.00023879578,0.0001050758,0.000037861933,0.00010502912,0.00024715633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013473718,0.00007606968,0.00009443956,0.0008724162,0.0050078887,0.0038076562,0.00030785048,0.0004801107,0.0039689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011034937,0.00010377027,0.000050152667,0.0009517831,0.010234334,0.0014131113,0.0031750936,0.0016472528,0.0001504021],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035142933,0.00012567047,0.0138136055,0.000029508687,0.0000034505617,0.00061313057,0.11978926,0.0002036158,0.00054537714,0.829364,0.0043154387,0.031161752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028571983,0.00009772229,0.10530032,0.00021695365,0.0000097912825,0.0008398403,0.2547261,0.0020078493,0.0010817078,0.1866166,0.44902837,0.000046086137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014228987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03123006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014228987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008231542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041285907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05972427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410446626","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x25000057","title":"Divine Intervention: Catholicism, Abortion, and the Construction of Health Care in the United States and Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Abortion; Intervention (counseling); Political science; Medicine; Nursing; Pregnancy","score_opus":0.015041690562705877,"score_gpt":0.3549894214552188,"score_spread":0.3399477308925129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410446626","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7956145,0.0029254786,0.00025899586,0.031365007,0.000072149865,0.000046182606,0.00021411452,0.000008942069,0.16949466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99514467,0.0006158981,0.00007769937,0.0006106344,0.000006407332,0.000004779486,0.00002701962,0.0000032887483,0.0035095578],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99777204,0.00051732996,0.000025685971,0.000106093714,0.00046693455,0.0011118065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959306,0.0009647215,0.00033867056,0.00007598187,0.0011144221,0.0015754978],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002066827,0.00013650281,0.00021224366,0.001851513,0.016515493,0.0056352005,0.0010194785,0.0010616871,0.0040394585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005214849,0.00015068288,0.00014211197,0.0023354236,0.012946692,0.000852682,0.002695735,0.0022216188,0.00008016044],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014591627,0.00015978215,0.16882387,0.00014891857,0.000044792887,0.0009672566,0.2075597,0.0010361875,0.0006133642,0.5518776,0.023903312,0.04471931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000048742535,0.0000440036,0.30504537,0.0005195531,0.00004726465,0.00019046456,0.4144517,0.001701521,0.0006385287,0.018188339,0.259014,0.00011049851],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9952054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9983759,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1576416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1576416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.16137882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9770163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417025387","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x25100254","title":"Antebellum School Funds: How Elites Encouraged Non-slaveholding Whites’ Cooperation in Repressing Enslaved Americans","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; American Political Science Association","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Incentive; Census; State (computer science); Proxy (statistics); Power (physics)","score_opus":0.07150982144213743,"score_gpt":0.4075454250435777,"score_spread":0.3360356036014403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417025387","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857723,0.000023870069,0.000095390715,0.00070740463,0.000006649308,0.0000045584725,0.000006048505,0.0000022590643,0.013381516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99880135,0.000017645967,0.00003252165,0.00009703737,0.0000030409972,0.0000034844466,0.000003598389,0.0000015727304,0.0010397023],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985637,0.000619799,0.000018934148,0.00011421716,0.00009090914,0.00059243164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99739146,0.0007950369,0.0006677238,0.00015984527,0.00018806159,0.0007977475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020811914,0.00012068255,0.00014409448,0.00058281416,0.005153884,0.0031646686,0.0005539506,0.0006180563,0.0076943804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0047902726,0.000116168645,0.00009354881,0.00043618842,0.0040181954,0.0009062971,0.002564537,0.0009771311,0.00029282237],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048986485,0.0016298818,0.47757196,0.00010506476,0.000083550316,0.0012621456,0.32856292,0.0008995227,0.006074266,0.1001567,0.009009311,0.074154854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010008967,0.0004117465,0.48492754,0.00022391383,0.000062792824,0.00014043688,0.42969456,0.0014148775,0.0018310791,0.01820268,0.062945075,0.000045194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018489728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05038357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018489728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026702555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022905683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.036764205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}