{"meta":{"query_hash":"e76a819e8ecc","filters":{"venue":"Studies in American Political Development"},"cohort_total":14,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"exported":14,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/e76a819e8ecc","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Studies+in+American+Political+Development"},"results":[{"id":"W2052326867","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x07000156","title":"American Political Development from Citizens' Perspective: Tracking Federal Government's Presence in Individual Lives over Time","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Government (linguistics); Citizenship; State (computer science); Political science; Perspective (graphical); Corporate governance; Tracking (education); Public administration; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political economy; Sociology; Law; Management; History; Economics","score_opus":0.06524997996775307,"score_gpt":0.4119442500648417,"score_spread":0.34669427009708864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052326867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97321296,0.00014990178,0.00013670891,0.0023804423,0.00025358456,0.00048066053,0.000024562205,0.000087833185,0.023273332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942741,0.00000929659,0.0034743806,0.001289368,0.0004008263,0.000095812065,0.000009363008,0.000031524392,0.00041534976],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9930941,0.00052181026,0.0011026146,0.0007501681,0.0016272267,0.0029041024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965803,0.0020357524,0.00019964906,0.00020018734,0.00018048177,0.0008036158],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014856901,0.00040261832,0.00082525,0.00018689941,0.0005019365,0.000117132084,0.00038612078,0.00008780167,0.00011929388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002345855,0.00039572272,0.000081356724,0.0008718905,0.0031326283,0.00020560576,0.00029612335,0.00044591745,0.000090391],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086802414,0.00055551075,0.54174435,0.000028311619,0.00024361764,0.00014339849,0.07500047,0.0000023703967,0.000077324235,0.3678122,0.00029058906,0.014015078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048768808,0.000113578164,0.89256257,0.0001955627,0.00001526498,0.0000015656723,0.09494229,0.0000081015,0.00065245177,0.0070354063,0.0033795764,0.00060592825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039434962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.034899954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36077678,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006354769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073676574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104911342","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x08000035","title":"Managing the Periphery in the Gilded Age: Writing Constitutions for the Western States","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gilded Age; State (computer science); Political science; Politics; Regionalism (politics); State-building; Quarter (Canadian coin); Law; Political economy; History; Sociology; Archaeology","score_opus":0.09802294705320688,"score_gpt":0.3966189194811696,"score_spread":0.29859597242796276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2104911342","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17933623,0.004403046,0.0089661665,0.32973936,0.001654083,0.0039641233,0.000105271225,0.00019759523,0.47163412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872256,0.0005920125,0.0010938146,0.009889607,0.00021234846,0.0003697224,0.00000383026,0.000006522157,0.000606546],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978521,0.00030927008,0.00038633661,0.00020472387,0.00038840302,0.00085920224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955157,0.004067733,0.00007322427,0.00017068042,0.00009828414,0.00007435953],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009990757,0.00015030421,0.00024661107,0.00004842521,0.0024814275,0.000046711968,0.0004538278,0.000021020542,0.0000064713936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007808717,0.000081775375,0.000060746108,0.0004433356,0.015657172,0.000059909686,0.00011907952,0.00023094445,0.000007635997],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000053311282,0.000034991343,0.01238331,0.000008346635,0.000046699493,0.000031915813,0.028728675,0.000042577765,1.6580042e-7,0.95580006,0.0010379929,0.0018799634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002000517,0.000023199354,0.0358891,0.00005475643,0.000018590856,0.000015763108,0.298529,0.000016119091,0.0000019204729,0.004269972,0.66078854,0.0001930212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004335817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040681004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95153004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004521634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012469458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988172},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121358689","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x13000060","title":"General Jackson's Passports: Natural Rights and Sovereign Citizens in the Political Thought of Andrew Jackson, 1780s–1820s","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; Federalist; Citizenship; Nationalism; Polity; State (computer science); Law; Politics; Cherokee; Covenant; Political science; Trespass; Constitution; Popular sovereignty; History; Archaeology","score_opus":0.024362684348781603,"score_gpt":0.33175134211191487,"score_spread":0.3073886577631333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121358689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65731347,0.000662747,0.000037410864,0.011158553,0.00037769612,0.0006730333,0.000034969555,0.00004091807,0.3297012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904664,0.000076327946,0.0033429705,0.0050291447,0.0002678913,0.00009608866,0.000008917776,0.00001019955,0.000702048],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99635834,0.0004017351,0.00071696163,0.00038226007,0.00067936577,0.0014613214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99812657,0.0010003021,0.00013314563,0.00019733082,0.00021853438,0.00032410407],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000474755,0.00027265202,0.00060520694,0.00014479226,0.00037534136,0.00004216183,0.00032746006,0.00006952114,0.00008870563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041940878,0.0001937444,0.00006921636,0.0005273936,0.00899795,0.00013465846,0.00017342689,0.00033527083,0.000017495187],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073900956,0.00007812596,0.015231653,0.000017108201,0.000045551587,0.000031176878,0.0036256427,3.682919e-7,0.0000027959372,0.97841054,0.0017912096,0.0007584132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001478958,0.00026253407,0.24484217,0.0002924606,0.000075747135,0.000077814,0.19603124,0.00002065452,0.0003017244,0.26039672,0.2947667,0.0014532818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013876897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016109657,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7180138,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005519385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009763308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123738161","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x02000032","title":"Migration, Radicalism, and State Security: Legislative Initiatives in the Canadas and the United States c.1794–1804","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Political radicalism; Political science; State (computer science); Politics; Legislature; Independence (probability theory); Legislation; Law; Administration (probate law); Economic history; Public administration; History","score_opus":0.03994997561388947,"score_gpt":0.33795075342866515,"score_spread":0.2980007778147757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123738161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72986966,0.003192934,0.000068076064,0.1278968,0.00014857677,0.0008104798,0.00007909539,0.000037465757,0.13789693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986095,0.0042739436,0.00025181402,0.009074822,0.00004811713,0.00007221563,0.000005837883,0.0000048846086,0.00017337427],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976535,0.0008576411,0.0003283406,0.00020553553,0.00037593493,0.0005790518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969197,0.0026779321,0.000077867786,0.000084867235,0.00010266764,0.00013697066],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007562998,0.00015190706,0.00029426994,0.00008917968,0.00059881643,0.000050050014,0.00014951857,0.000020974161,0.0000124437765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010060312,0.00009294035,0.000017269194,0.00060235267,0.01617798,0.00008564707,0.000086767934,0.0002183591,0.0000019550712],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008315317,0.00002225057,0.007788693,0.0000059589975,0.00004023268,0.0000140389875,0.18322061,0.0000023144567,1.8950924e-8,0.8078594,0.0005782131,0.000459919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077382155,0.000050736096,0.03243592,0.000061677245,0.000018601388,0.0000068884037,0.34623224,0.00016530154,0.0000014919722,0.031137276,0.5888315,0.00028455767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.087530896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06915173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7767222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002809181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040584026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9864994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161402523","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x14000066","title":"Gradual Institutional Change in Congressional Ethics: Endogenous Pressures toward Third-Party Enforcement","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Pluralism (philosophy); Commit; Legislature; Enforcement; Law and economics; Politics; Law; Sociology","score_opus":0.3464352702969709,"score_gpt":0.4525042247220116,"score_spread":0.10606895442504072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2161402523","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11429415,0.0017700942,0.00062351144,0.0974604,0.0034913735,0.0018792232,0.00007415646,0.0003201126,0.780087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881291,0.00023394558,0.0012282467,0.00949562,0.0005606525,0.0002600371,0.000009204289,0.000010462874,0.00007272418],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99587965,0.0006306952,0.000587202,0.00042393815,0.0011200727,0.0013584287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99733263,0.0018445471,0.00008341637,0.00014812569,0.00017978893,0.00041150363],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021938744,0.000244371,0.0004895386,0.00017975038,0.0006445542,0.00002924879,0.00033909272,0.00015688865,0.000053361648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0044181575,0.00021624965,0.00006105263,0.0003605575,0.005799501,0.00014437504,0.00031987941,0.00084354595,0.00004957045],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022597787,0.00014352571,0.0048567513,0.000061298066,0.0000414587,0.000025298463,0.05595443,0.000006388096,0.000001828077,0.9369786,0.00008607277,0.0018217993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00152536,0.00028509647,0.055559494,0.00075787865,0.000031804517,0.000009789269,0.034810994,0.000073832205,0.0002842536,0.6308017,0.2747262,0.0011336188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007510207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030035793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87383497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009736869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010644109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945969102","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x2000005x","title":"The Political Effects of Policy Drift: Policy Stalemate and American Political Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Science North","funders":"","keywords":"Stalemate; Gridlock; Politics; Polity; Context (archaeology); Political science; Political economy; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.03574243271676784,"score_gpt":0.39915270806651226,"score_spread":0.3634102753497444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945969102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5486518,0.0010741834,0.00008934389,0.37980455,0.00051206886,0.0016436569,0.00003519281,0.0003020236,0.06788714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98617965,0.00076650555,0.0013907473,0.010072962,0.0011747903,0.00017769486,0.0000022866047,0.000040949137,0.00019438947],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9932043,0.00058229343,0.00110945,0.0006189246,0.00101497,0.0034700593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99432945,0.003449518,0.00026067698,0.00023575306,0.00025091987,0.0014737027],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058700045,0.00050728675,0.0011997531,0.00028023898,0.0015725009,0.00006676956,0.0005335019,0.00009711293,0.0000022087902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011957189,0.0003664284,0.00013436699,0.0017758686,0.017425584,0.00009955942,0.0009216034,0.0004287935,0.000022932285],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040818104,0.00009658796,0.0063672564,0.00018359131,0.00031477932,0.000019589394,0.043288965,1.4371601e-7,0.000011758255,0.9328076,0.00017840763,0.016690467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016344284,0.00073398894,0.19726989,0.00040210423,0.000098901044,0.000009589078,0.64357716,0.0000069681555,0.0024746084,0.092293546,0.059893508,0.0016053392],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013693358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019870782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84051406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017287271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002974982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012093879","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x19000166","title":"From Personal to Partisan: Abortion, Party, and Religion Among California State Legislators","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Science North","funders":"","keywords":"Abortion; Polarization (electrochemistry); Legislator; Political science; Legislature; Voting; Politics of the United States; Politics; Christian right; State (computer science); Political economy; Law; Sociology; Legislation","score_opus":0.05421969801861295,"score_gpt":0.36772790447669196,"score_spread":0.31350820645807903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3012093879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97408366,0.00012917188,0.00015620206,0.022115588,0.00015093775,0.00020734058,0.000027576985,0.00003954544,0.0030899977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954323,0.00015173887,0.0010529937,0.0030082443,0.0002015859,0.000044126573,0.0000064125884,0.00000906222,0.00009354489],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828255,0.0001229473,0.00030866533,0.00033015298,0.00036655576,0.0005891266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914485,0.00013274433,0.00005229171,0.000055373363,0.00008058439,0.00053417776],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017374991,0.00012295587,0.00023905146,0.00004872408,0.00024808897,0.00003703071,0.00008200453,0.000023992228,0.000016433647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043046704,0.00011336279,0.000021636259,0.00028909187,0.0010074617,0.000050185612,0.00013262813,0.000096044314,0.000043413314],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024895815,0.000051895702,0.5197754,0.000024459161,0.00012435693,0.00003199738,0.43997964,0.000014945167,0.000016867136,0.025655914,0.007887727,0.0064119087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043252838,0.000111868125,0.6340425,0.00007076766,0.000023765644,4.981275e-7,0.2346827,0.00009278166,0.00032527104,0.013904077,0.11578495,0.000528296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01095732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022312216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20529695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024350076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020007686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956288},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023296395","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x19000191","title":"Race, the Canadian Census, and Interactive Political Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Census and Population Estimation","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Census; Race (biology); Dynamism; Politics; American Community Survey; Context (archaeology); Political science; Public administration; Sociology; Gender studies; Geography; Population; Law; Epistemology; Demography","score_opus":0.12280514156993913,"score_gpt":0.3976692631601434,"score_spread":0.27486412159020424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3023296395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8092497,0.0003293473,0.0016884346,0.14905529,0.0005604394,0.0015469564,0.000058377198,0.00020199473,0.037309468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9715495,0.00000644312,0.023073437,0.005119144,0.0000775221,0.000060370567,0.0000115228295,0.00001853134,0.00008350269],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979985,0.00010455797,0.0005180557,0.00029359508,0.0002824372,0.00080285216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998438,0.00068687974,0.00008143887,0.00011998415,0.00012752764,0.00054618204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025256374,0.0002156311,0.00037310447,0.000091261005,0.00034239984,0.000031905303,0.00012667265,0.00003718465,0.000021638083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016519997,0.00015785263,0.000026001047,0.00026580435,0.0006301555,0.000048991118,0.0001767133,0.00025011055,0.00002656841],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020892037,0.00004425765,0.024276769,0.00009002244,0.00013655283,0.000025137822,0.016096264,0.0000014019109,0.0000013343159,0.9438258,0.0023677323,0.013113849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010691029,0.00014062073,0.6124101,0.0002940818,0.000067528636,0.000050019935,0.040829048,0.00077396416,0.00043606202,0.049686015,0.2931424,0.0011010055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004524202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029859582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89413977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00108799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004605242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.987843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034008751","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x20000024","title":"Leader to Laggard: How Founding Institutions Have Shaped American Environmental Policy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Environmental and Regional History","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Political science; Political economy; Environmental governance; Opposition (politics); Corporate governance; Economic rent; Constitution; Private property; Property rights; Public administration; Law and economics; Law; Economics; Politics; Market economy","score_opus":0.07375758826664917,"score_gpt":0.31930146321711844,"score_spread":0.24554387495046925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034008751","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9000976,0.0001562395,0.0023962164,0.06806037,0.00027910224,0.00083688577,0.000047119705,0.00016055911,0.027965877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96687996,0.000075370415,0.008569268,0.023081705,0.00021583585,0.00014361471,0.000011052091,0.00003787005,0.0009853124],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968679,0.00010006679,0.00040454266,0.0008104562,0.00066579256,0.0011512663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986567,0.00010021515,0.00012973219,0.00021981518,0.0000037088316,0.00088986626],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101674515,0.00041235852,0.0005934524,0.00013072892,0.00033875625,0.000013905872,0.00039152923,0.000031869156,0.00021750543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017498026,0.00037889087,0.00010030734,0.00065693003,0.012495767,0.00012973513,0.0010233474,0.00027772234,0.0011689726],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053847546,0.0024399974,0.54004693,0.00015478072,0.0010094506,0.00090595527,0.16453932,0.0027204326,0.012493113,0.020645373,0.04526376,0.20924239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000580849,0.00057901384,0.25827527,0.000046722245,0.000028324019,0.000028996781,0.15034159,0.00009975805,0.00034414994,0.00013164709,0.5883839,0.0011597698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000651772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019034134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54312015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004322329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010015926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3040973495","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x20000115","title":"Racism Is Not Enough: Minority Coalition Building in San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Settlement (finance); Political science; Racism; Incentive; Ethnic group; Politics; Race (biology); Political economy; Gender studies; Public administration; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.057280174369861124,"score_gpt":0.37200557160476255,"score_spread":0.31472539723490145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3040973495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651536,0.00024602388,0.00022098106,0.01399237,0.00040258048,0.0003561684,0.000030465415,0.000048955204,0.019548887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832596,0.00013614925,0.003839302,0.012430169,0.00012144031,0.00003525941,0.0000013495398,0.0000066431157,0.00017004527],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982623,0.00012533714,0.0003203699,0.00032052654,0.0003494881,0.0006220166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993757,0.00020721828,0.00005042207,0.000069492366,0.00006176222,0.00023538446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029843446,0.00013684969,0.0003127779,0.00006690962,0.00025847062,0.000023018698,0.00011493601,0.00003547956,0.00007612742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004333419,0.00012852703,0.000019803383,0.00046772667,0.00093758025,0.000097192766,0.00017222208,0.00015676838,0.0000032104224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003947383,0.00020018638,0.11321804,0.00006837846,0.000113185684,0.000055184064,0.13912624,0.000002143626,0.00007032274,0.7012266,0.010917022,0.03496324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007957631,0.0000932728,0.64862233,0.00008412743,0.000014090308,2.6308112e-7,0.10030527,0.000020495081,0.0003932539,0.0035956101,0.245628,0.0004475288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005539012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011520307,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69763094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042412654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016779418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83733666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288693035","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x22000104","title":"Assessing Exceptionalism: More but Different Cross-National Comparisons","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"American exceptionalism; Exceptionalism; Political science; Politics; Political economy; Positive economics; Law; Sociology; Economics","score_opus":0.19533922664405268,"score_gpt":0.5153929685862434,"score_spread":0.3200537419421907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4288693035","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8913928,0.00024000324,0.000055075237,0.020790145,0.0010204081,0.00030016815,0.000041357373,0.000114519506,0.086045474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947134,0.000061029164,0.00069110247,0.0025304146,0.00043585608,0.00031871602,0.000011355128,0.000011226796,0.0012268954],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99695224,0.000302484,0.00041934973,0.00029311562,0.0011834138,0.00084941543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897724,0.00051209686,0.000112003974,0.00007102922,0.000171544,0.00015609585],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006305744,0.00017342248,0.0003932172,0.00013869436,0.003038854,0.000063469335,0.0002477572,0.00002566324,0.000072905845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006440811,0.00015278679,0.00007462947,0.0004803855,0.0038710565,0.000109824236,0.00056697,0.00029127387,0.000011568273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015635276,0.00036204694,0.16538374,0.000021874506,0.00024192885,0.000015123002,0.06471275,0.00005094492,0.0000039539477,0.76216406,0.0046225367,0.0024054039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002644281,0.000023851553,0.59310055,0.000015306807,0.0000074078894,0.0000016322766,0.3646361,0.000007677672,0.000010498187,0.019678488,0.02198381,0.0002702844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015331843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00049692945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7424856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024665373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005917807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99883986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406149216","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x24000075","title":"The Old Republic: Clientelism in American Political Development","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Political Economy and Marxism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Oxford; York University; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Clientelism; Politics; Political science; Reciprocity (cultural anthropology); State (computer science); Political economy; Feudalism; Sociology; Law; Social science","score_opus":0.051237511752619674,"score_gpt":0.39955687148618324,"score_spread":0.34831935973356354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406149216","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4216881,0.002228022,0.00023659265,0.1152655,0.003334026,0.0013546143,0.000021951797,0.00062534265,0.45524582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987462,0.00035918757,0.0023105294,0.0055992133,0.0003593271,0.0004129283,0.000005135844,0.00003511756,0.0034566019],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99319977,0.00048707545,0.0012157273,0.0008333072,0.0007346426,0.0035295035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958552,0.0027042252,0.00008800398,0.00033884117,0.00013033349,0.00088339916],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022245618,0.00039956876,0.0007206421,0.0003706927,0.0008136094,0.00023744076,0.00064405816,0.00008497505,0.000052120497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002779825,0.00031198448,0.000115964634,0.0013895932,0.008010161,0.00019766482,0.00056574313,0.0006611179,0.00025330845],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011554128,0.00010073377,0.003960999,0.000032040047,0.00009338486,0.00008403164,0.01049618,3.1055535e-7,3.9134432e-7,0.9082674,0.0010038341,0.07594916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020735562,0.00006019592,0.038995076,0.00019473108,0.000010421014,0.0000059416852,0.071076326,0.000015583499,0.000059526734,0.028077582,0.86082155,0.00047573046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058648605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009145488,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8801898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0042890874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002253975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410446626","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x25000057","title":"Divine Intervention: Catholicism, Abortion, and the Construction of Health Care in the United States and Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Abortion; Intervention (counseling); Political science; Medicine; Nursing; Pregnancy","score_opus":0.015041690562705877,"score_gpt":0.3549894214552188,"score_spread":0.3399477308925129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410446626","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92429614,0.0035148116,0.00014180178,0.058993254,0.00021983615,0.00039338853,0.000028010969,0.000008811667,0.012403943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947372,0.00091549905,0.0003221708,0.003924003,0.000013618166,0.00003236388,0.0000075934445,0.0000013851501,0.000046164198],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863255,0.00046306066,0.0003488749,0.00010644695,0.00018377817,0.0002652764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901575,0.00068844866,0.000082945786,0.000060801663,0.000113632756,0.000038395392],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061299524,0.00007204336,0.00023165808,0.000074982476,0.00033335228,0.000010471863,0.00008584831,0.000010513226,0.0000015652291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037546505,0.000046163397,0.000012065169,0.00040841915,0.00681714,0.000017367525,0.00006724786,0.00008948705,5.4066483e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000092867995,0.000009933611,0.031559195,0.000037736318,0.000022016828,9.343642e-7,0.021850767,0.0000018187434,8.825113e-9,0.94240403,0.00016228878,0.003941962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004917673,0.000029221375,0.1450257,0.00015230817,0.000011041404,0.000002258499,0.69602203,0.0000027771955,0.0000022188365,0.0041847914,0.15399241,0.00008347181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.87281066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8204709,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93821925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047759127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019573504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417025387","doi":"10.1017/s0898588x25100254","title":"Antebellum School Funds: How Elites Encouraged Non-slaveholding Whites’ Cooperation in Repressing Enslaved Americans","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in American Political Development","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; American Political Science Association","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Incentive; Census; State (computer science); Proxy (statistics); Power (physics)","score_opus":0.07150982144213743,"score_gpt":0.4075454250435777,"score_spread":0.3360356036014403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417025387","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7054,0.002621857,0.0016771037,0.026960202,0.0014316454,0.0016253142,0.000012436715,0.00028514198,0.2599863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854528,0.0013581399,0.0067429463,0.0022975137,0.00013225495,0.00027215137,0.000009867665,0.00001597452,0.0037183557],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964571,0.0003105839,0.00077997515,0.00073885167,0.00037838335,0.001335114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844676,0.0006741929,0.0001783205,0.00022940653,0.00025208047,0.00021924177],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010537872,0.00036603157,0.0008537466,0.00047700203,0.0010358442,0.0001722948,0.0003064301,0.00007959916,0.000029217483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030763305,0.0003509537,0.00007243047,0.0016650027,0.0020489583,0.00026175787,0.0003278962,0.00036237983,0.000019371708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074646174,0.00041188573,0.77366316,0.00017901421,0.0005836256,0.000097688724,0.13994387,0.000039393442,0.0003667391,0.048055876,0.009356014,0.027228095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012013167,0.000060493876,0.329178,0.0010727134,0.000032411273,0.0000015661662,0.5906288,0.00004757031,0.0009752163,0.0025310123,0.07327396,0.000996946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017061183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00690695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4506849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021056067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001067833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}