{"meta":{"query_hash":"55e4063166b0","filters":{"venue":"The Journal of Legal Analysis"},"cohort_total":5,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"exported":5,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/55e4063166b0","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=The+Journal+of+Legal+Analysis"},"results":[{"id":"W2108214397","doi":"10.1093/jla/2.1.227","title":"The Easy Core Case for Judicial Review","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Legal Analysis","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Instrumentalism; Judicial review; Grievance; Law and economics; Duty; Law; Political science; Judicial activism; Democracy; Economics; Politics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03900316758973471,"score_gpt":0.35479657623184324,"score_spread":0.31579340864210853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108214397","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3709146,0.13360561,0.005658712,0.36498874,0.0055570016,0.001501131,0.00008230534,0.000057148744,0.11763473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890019,0.008436928,0.00004692021,0.0007718543,0.001267324,0.0000033056888,3.331238e-7,0.0000021638475,0.00046924283],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893403,0.00012622081,0.00033081937,0.000048922462,0.00039134364,0.00016869242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982979,0.00066432654,0.0003367503,0.00010136596,0.0005310869,0.00006851718],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034613125,0.0000633136,0.00024761245,0.000043449858,0.0024490368,0.000050194314,0.00035029653,0.000027866341,0.00007359361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010546732,0.000028980568,0.00043311983,0.00065402617,0.00055242743,0.00010294377,0.000027870672,0.00023757333,0.0000054826114],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026411348,0.00012285002,0.003510866,0.000029597724,0.0057601477,0.00027439932,0.0032123022,0.00011492678,0.0002047166,0.9020008,0.05063029,0.03387499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014313695,0.000052915533,0.00067551754,0.00004943305,0.0058479714,0.0002106763,0.0021599631,0.000042044765,0.0000071174118,0.0185902,0.97212166,0.000099371566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057377084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.062432755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9214914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023284732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022304639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99884963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382678100","doi":"10.1093/jla/laad001","title":"Learning in Standard-Form Contracts: Theory and Evidence","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Legal Analysis","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Warranty; Sample (material); Term (time); Opportunity cost; Business; Actuarial science; Economics; Marketing; Microeconomics; Law; Political science","score_opus":0.0208236416800406,"score_gpt":0.22976165081931577,"score_spread":0.20893800913927515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382678100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9796923,0.013205292,0.001677986,0.0012399438,0.00020487428,0.00007011626,0.000017984039,0.0000050041776,0.003886532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980075,0.0012425217,0.00001787489,0.00020198866,0.00011215016,0.0000022339275,5.9267177e-7,0.000008317572,0.00040683147],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984545,0.00023380677,0.000943931,0.00012230146,0.00007171946,0.00017374258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99819905,0.00045447532,0.0011146418,0.00014070001,0.000035085224,0.000056045654],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010304307,0.000076001445,0.00061556854,0.0004560934,0.0002507761,0.00007779114,0.000286191,0.000025756452,0.00040494575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036075,0.00007351315,0.00020696197,0.00050907646,0.00008532963,0.00040019074,0.000083706946,0.00042200962,0.000007826987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015691408,0.00010076187,0.60086924,0.000028094813,0.0025660894,0.000058294903,0.010676126,0.055284902,0.00005499909,0.32541066,0.00031130933,0.0030703654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004833964,0.0027972292,0.28333256,0.00017357379,0.0021377937,0.00042318483,0.028299011,0.02238485,0.00009047581,0.5317749,0.122392796,0.001359688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011568248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033420912,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3175367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023263958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039900973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4433872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400047099","doi":"10.1093/jla/laae003","title":"Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Legal Analysis","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Hallucinating; Profiling (computer programming); Psychology; Criminology; Law; Political science; Social psychology; Sociology","score_opus":0.033411187428958294,"score_gpt":0.36856342046694457,"score_spread":0.33515223303798625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400047099","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7368293,0.00593226,0.17783129,0.019091837,0.0012002108,0.0003624153,0.00008768706,0.00013629682,0.058528736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99416673,0.00023057155,0.00031751595,0.00013169397,0.00056934083,0.0000040529253,0.00000405322,0.000012865198,0.004563183],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974256,0.00053615286,0.000695395,0.00015677177,0.0007586377,0.0004274125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988409,0.0003875919,0.0002005047,0.00020239541,0.0002629838,0.00010557861],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004897761,0.00012778609,0.00031138695,0.00073058077,0.00062132784,0.00041215876,0.000535322,0.000090083246,0.0005336605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003382771,0.00009112238,0.00043357458,0.0030337127,0.0001501958,0.0017840978,0.000057799,0.0006588643,0.000045188946],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040141473,0.00024690223,0.00109173,0.000012761305,0.00084759627,0.0002488239,0.04555769,0.05787428,0.0004744795,0.89197105,0.0007470509,0.00088751625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033547176,0.00016335506,0.0006665798,0.00024526328,0.0037014415,0.00007421943,0.22677842,0.59716684,0.0020580983,0.021786923,0.14634113,0.0006822521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069827703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.057677466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8701841,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002539833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038467962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405349602","doi":"10.1093/jla/laae008","title":"Strategic Incentives for Adopting the Global Minimum Tax","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Legal Analysis","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Incentive; Business; Industrial organization; Public economics; Microeconomics; Economics","score_opus":0.044228561781395864,"score_gpt":0.2607494639671316,"score_spread":0.21652090218573575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405349602","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9224642,0.010799858,0.013649352,0.01579185,0.0007428886,0.00014537701,0.00033079114,0.000015743484,0.03605996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99846876,0.00009470587,0.00015304206,0.00024877422,0.00054019375,0.0000018661983,0.0000018865991,0.0000072571183,0.0004835073],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891585,0.000030695515,0.0006930857,0.00011854977,0.00003523206,0.00020656701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991186,0.00021467634,0.00042239125,0.00016327109,0.00003185613,0.000049191844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016152984,0.00010433243,0.0003561689,0.00016649043,0.0001598501,0.00022830738,0.0004148044,0.00004086665,0.00007111704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006016419,0.00006156515,0.00060228014,0.00065574417,0.000081737184,0.00027523443,0.000037014026,0.00018430909,0.00005055293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012640413,0.00005661153,0.016872186,0.00005284772,0.0056514577,0.000008462823,0.0010460227,0.004374145,0.0000133030335,0.9682429,0.002716325,0.00083931995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059270416,0.00026405544,0.019376824,0.000047221907,0.0022357262,0.00005017296,0.0023298447,0.1116682,0.00004007386,0.7872556,0.07576517,0.00037441094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001950419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000901003,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18098731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010359931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032362565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25105542},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7128625618","doi":"10.1093/jla/laaf013","title":"Differential validity in fair lending","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Legal Analysis","topic":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Booth University College","funders":"","keywords":"Harm; Loan; Enforcement; Inequality; Differential (mechanical device); Debt; Credit risk; Perspective (graphical)","score_opus":0.017408055711988515,"score_gpt":0.24513808117845184,"score_spread":0.22773002546646332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7128625618","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692054,0.0000830558,0.014394889,0.0018155436,0.00031700145,0.000046707897,0.000001090684,0.000015736445,0.0141206235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982398,0.000016690732,0.000027087433,0.00027501723,0.00032174782,7.060582e-7,0.0000018400968,0.000006828382,0.00111024],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883956,0.000025252433,0.0005289862,0.00010716256,0.0002873448,0.00021168625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909997,0.0000929521,0.0004878582,0.00017092738,0.00014110855,0.000007209756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007067852,0.00013297008,0.0003860818,0.0012548361,0.00011844502,0.00031474762,0.000507069,0.000039963612,0.0001536305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020951623,0.00008847469,0.00034917306,0.0028721953,0.000056449408,0.0012145304,0.00017979015,0.00031450688,0.000022258213],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069518416,0.00057827414,0.8504626,0.00025717233,0.002888225,0.00017349601,0.0001815432,0.0072934134,0.005877282,0.10567814,0.013782765,0.012131867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020293375,0.000057812125,0.8590729,0.0005378222,0.008176524,0.000020047992,0.0008594917,0.03450567,0.0024903691,0.024462963,0.0670488,0.00073825056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064159994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006003841,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08121518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007580663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024878538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36078933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}