{"meta":{"query_hash":"a0bc0d5d5424","filters":{"venue":"The Physics Teacher"},"cohort_total":140,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":140,"exported":140,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/a0bc0d5d5424","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=The+Physics+Teacher"},"results":[{"id":"W1615630756","doi":"10.1119/1.4928350","title":"Quantitative Comparisons to Promote Inquiry in the Introductory Physics Lab","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Set (abstract data type); Curriculum; Physics education; Simple (philosophy); Science education; Teaching method","score_opus":0.08687398874364065,"score_gpt":0.3472491673121259,"score_spread":0.26037517856848524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1615630756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7518898,0.00020212315,0.021906149,0.0054518976,0.00052142015,0.0011578993,0.000035285928,0.000072647555,0.21876276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972893,4.515265e-7,0.00038675626,0.00033557139,0.0015887842,0.00012178751,0.00001742132,0.000026507392,0.00023343995],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862826,0.00025298537,0.00019554929,0.0002746093,0.0002987495,0.0003498337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991739,0.00011127084,0.000072519084,0.0004909299,0.000072944655,0.00007848098],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043156973,0.00023861695,0.00026841759,0.000012576918,0.0001748395,0.000058913083,0.0005099495,0.000017762613,0.000020616448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012292574,0.0001368242,0.00009996219,0.0003786094,0.00036853028,0.00012832534,0.00025583408,0.00040650822,0.0003517617],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039792296,0.0007007005,0.0016643059,0.000002617941,0.00007984953,4.1404607e-7,0.05662869,0.00028556888,0.0007051734,0.9271141,0.011183321,0.00159546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047946072,0.00017546171,0.00045133836,0.000019081313,0.000040274383,1.7738091e-7,0.031494074,0.0005618004,0.003034799,0.9602009,0.0032470848,0.00029553188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022506324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037820323,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24539946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043658434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037368256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5579529},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1855583304","doi":"10.1119/1.4904236","title":"Discovery of Hubble's Law as a Series of Type III Errors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Hubble's law; Series (stratigraphy); Metric expansion of space; Type (biology); Relation (database); Theoretical physics; Galaxy; Philosophy; Extension (predicate logic); Universe; Cosmology; Physics; Epistemology; Astrophysics; Computer science; Dark energy","score_opus":0.010526472227695819,"score_gpt":0.25353953367402177,"score_spread":0.24301306144632595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1855583304","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95063245,0.000017295855,0.0026422164,0.00025008872,0.00010320292,0.00007471933,0.000011022119,0.00000982221,0.04625917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99543124,1.818209e-7,0.00008008708,0.000040284554,0.00012554908,0.00000464785,0.000013776731,0.000008697812,0.004295549],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995639,0.00007846729,0.00012369045,0.000077115794,0.000068582245,0.00008829157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950665,0.00007715232,0.00011464141,0.00024080338,0.000050025836,0.000010706866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013988915,0.00007791181,0.00015140817,0.000007194358,0.000062156934,0.0000070495194,0.00013338559,0.000017801513,0.00006472255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005626056,0.000054590673,0.00006850756,0.00008591865,0.00032079124,0.0001322021,0.000042773205,0.00009113349,0.000020154203],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053329946,0.000076822966,0.004823519,0.0000055910305,0.000066721215,2.2394193e-8,0.0021535396,0.00002945229,0.0017750352,0.98974776,0.00014405581,0.0011241343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016912815,0.000067377456,0.00103349,0.000008575528,0.00003768404,1.3580214e-7,0.00089747796,0.000009091071,0.029627632,0.96729493,0.0007906193,0.00006387218],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003742733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054382167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04479876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000022677796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019551724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2226143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965056800","doi":"10.1119/1.4767493","title":"A Mass Spectrometer Simulator in Your Computer","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Saint-Boniface","funders":"","keywords":"Software; Spectrometer; Computer science; Simulation; Mass spectrometry; Human–computer interaction; Physics; Operating system; Optics","score_opus":0.042621237208062025,"score_gpt":0.2991151319997644,"score_spread":0.25649389479170237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965056800","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95476705,0.00007019488,0.0009826628,0.0003641475,0.000052365027,0.000063408086,0.0000055429546,0.000070844595,0.043623786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99111474,0.0000026027426,0.0005513308,0.0000751157,0.0019637158,0.000015091121,0.000008954287,0.000034642027,0.0062338184],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884075,0.000032305663,0.0001436705,0.00016678346,0.0002636917,0.00055277685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920505,0.00006674671,0.000044183478,0.0005617901,0.000019504803,0.00010273959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021904387,0.000157151,0.00015520988,0.000012015281,0.000050692634,0.00003746323,0.0003842249,0.000078092504,0.0008976935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020129599,0.00011676266,0.0000850074,0.000119204844,0.00006419984,0.00011361132,0.00014113428,0.0005927808,0.00022661753],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007288222,0.0015718542,0.17982352,0.00022801131,0.00031001706,0.000022138107,0.008007573,0.00063312455,0.7795656,0.0037533387,0.005084836,0.020927122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004680252,0.00006928935,0.011786566,0.00016455459,0.00015668555,0.000043935324,0.0009216825,0.08517555,0.7999021,0.041696753,0.053123675,0.0022789878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002773593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001015054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16803695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013660113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023855273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9829114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967748340","doi":"10.1119/1.3502511","title":"Teaching Standard Deviation by Building from Student Invention","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Computer science; Physics education; Data science; Psychology","score_opus":0.043690979562821086,"score_gpt":0.41805011010614723,"score_spread":0.37435913054332615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967748340","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96586996,0.000017672699,0.0037894193,0.0064040096,0.00095491554,0.00011881482,0.0000042631655,0.000055370136,0.02278556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99590147,0.0000040902637,0.00032896068,0.00027852991,0.0012971975,0.000009982981,0.000007689908,0.000006269168,0.0021658344],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988993,0.00030990742,0.00009510637,0.00013869688,0.000395872,0.00016113902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995341,0.00011825345,0.00008017126,0.00016969447,0.00003941647,0.00005841289],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016977787,0.00005847175,0.000060274593,0.000012068281,0.0009441423,0.00015142189,0.00032629777,0.000041833253,0.00039484727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001440798,0.000045205616,0.000036926336,0.000108039436,0.0001390387,0.00024327055,0.000029358873,0.00040261925,0.000056713685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000072228377,0.00024800093,0.047061175,0.0000013736535,0.000027048092,9.9294525e-8,0.30382255,0.000008683557,0.063892685,0.39610505,0.019310517,0.1695156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034895286,0.000027846398,0.022077143,0.000014363769,0.000048373484,1.3289971e-7,0.06547088,0.00028039576,0.002990601,0.2858669,0.62252295,0.00035148172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071483613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001401012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6032124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063838095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010552435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99946314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969772396","doi":"10.1119/1.1533961","title":"Pursuing the Ubiquitous Pendulum","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Inclined plane; Galileo (satellite navigation); Kinematics; Chord (peer-to-peer); Physics; Pendulum; Ball (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Plane (geometry); Geometry; Geodesy; Computer science; Mathematics; Geology","score_opus":0.012418414654588086,"score_gpt":0.24674005548172454,"score_spread":0.23432164082713644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969772396","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.071935765,0.00015588582,0.0031717916,0.0006988393,0.00022116303,0.00021482164,0.000005875175,0.00003976359,0.9235561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99574363,0.0000012109825,0.000035254925,0.00015355779,0.0006971194,0.000055588273,0.0000030671067,0.000023810906,0.0032867813],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911714,0.00013164505,0.00011913041,0.00016766984,0.00016614996,0.00029824142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993955,0.00009812386,0.000055558907,0.00038925206,0.00002442739,0.000037158436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001901178,0.00017040654,0.00013566922,0.0000040421373,0.00049563363,0.000058462057,0.00030056946,0.000013243256,0.00042151436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044719086,0.00008591315,0.00014123565,0.000119261196,0.0003109444,0.000067541456,0.000106409425,0.0002772056,0.00024850498],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000263236,0.0001415373,0.0009217766,0.000001262369,0.00008869158,1.4876692e-7,0.0015164985,0.000014099364,0.0011192221,0.99298966,0.0010563122,0.0021481449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016101197,0.000017207141,0.00007578112,0.0000048306206,0.000033877437,3.2874664e-7,0.002586358,0.000056402663,0.014303376,0.9766988,0.005914774,0.00014722998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007130398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.6460724e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92380786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014174182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013924058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46152866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971150495","doi":"10.1119/1.2999067","title":"Physics Exam Problems Reconsidered: <i>Using Logger Pro to Evaluate Student Understanding of Physics</i>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Interactivity; Physics education; Mathematics education; Test (biology); Physics; Computer science; Multimedia; Psychology; Ecology","score_opus":0.4452701209894344,"score_gpt":0.45056389541600317,"score_spread":0.005293774426568754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971150495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67595315,0.00005214724,0.28315187,0.00090145814,0.00050432014,0.0015197026,0.000007682416,0.00017774498,0.03773195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889819,0.000012171552,0.008360134,0.00027158827,0.001201826,0.000039876362,0.0000024938868,0.000064909305,0.0010650861],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957532,0.0017785914,0.00042267505,0.00041589,0.0010146057,0.00061499997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982564,0.00038632567,0.00039335305,0.00058193563,0.00028794006,0.00009403747],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042087142,0.00028699957,0.00044513922,0.00003914597,0.0012011653,0.000059640963,0.00060610904,0.00008481951,0.000037667793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019979806,0.00023226689,0.00015699292,0.0010498624,0.0008021912,0.00033841003,0.00021119388,0.0005644758,0.000032686898],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055376244,0.0014139104,0.019127775,0.00007248233,0.0005270273,0.000005796667,0.5681566,0.01080589,0.050174687,0.32087016,0.0030232847,0.025766984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017284203,0.00031312084,0.0033202602,0.00041347035,0.00039209137,0.000007401318,0.033825397,0.0027803686,0.03290018,0.9197904,0.0028184124,0.0017105052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009100915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004327063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59892017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006065737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003712624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94715685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972102799","doi":"10.1119/1.2909753","title":"Magnetic Low-Friction Track","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia; Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Track (disk drive); Cart; Test (biology); Magnetic levitation; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Geology; Magnet","score_opus":0.013101638552394813,"score_gpt":0.23109339854806396,"score_spread":0.21799175999566914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972102799","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45226264,0.00011682209,0.0019175101,0.00021801998,0.000115109804,0.00014170587,0.0000061892415,0.000054975237,0.545167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99556965,0.000005067159,0.000038489907,0.000066009685,0.0009087011,0.000036931848,0.000008438581,0.000020112115,0.0033465826],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928385,0.00004223878,0.00011297527,0.00016011977,0.00014064023,0.0002601967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996061,0.00003404459,0.00003889796,0.0002464851,0.000024487803,0.000050039143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000040001367,0.00014803324,0.00013252739,0.000006236437,0.00035207844,0.000013942047,0.00015842445,0.000014007507,0.00042614184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001161244,0.00009780925,0.0001203524,0.0001147119,0.000281408,0.000080085985,0.00007456999,0.00018157027,0.0004862414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014338706,0.00062086526,0.0047479123,0.0000032950352,0.00007759444,8.3108904e-7,0.0033623858,0.000031448624,0.0053114006,0.9754819,0.002661889,0.0076861144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003773982,0.00006514732,0.0019724348,0.00000816839,0.00003619225,0.000001008429,0.0006598565,0.00035918909,0.018023022,0.97743905,0.0008148646,0.0002436706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007438396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4734928e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.543307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015759706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011458023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62498116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975228931","doi":"10.1119/1.1804661","title":"Tossing on a Rotating Space Station","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Keyano College","funders":"","keywords":"Ball (mathematics); Observer (physics); Space (punctuation); Point (geometry); Frame of reference; Reference frame; Mathematics; Physics; Calculus (dental); Classical mechanics; Computer science; Geometry; Frame (networking); Telecommunications; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.01423406907934765,"score_gpt":0.2711661630174429,"score_spread":0.25693209393809524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975228931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5438762,0.000018687308,0.022645077,0.00094543106,0.00007872563,0.00017010265,0.0000076234646,0.000048808968,0.4322094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863416,2.1903328e-7,0.0003658474,0.00009599183,0.000541158,0.000024701809,0.00000867964,0.000018003544,0.0003112419],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994212,0.00003045457,0.00008800367,0.00014298686,0.00013267527,0.00018467306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968576,0.00004555712,0.00005296364,0.0001678684,0.000018538554,0.000029337647],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006602587,0.00012591537,0.00010065846,0.000005908823,0.00029169323,0.000044369564,0.00009990514,0.000008852652,0.00004721202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023472114,0.000083359366,0.000071527065,0.00008963221,0.000118793236,0.00007596885,0.00005078826,0.00016670689,0.00015757607],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008380436,0.00018969298,0.0003933064,0.0000015227275,0.000041741838,1.4923815e-7,0.0037067113,0.00077729166,0.0023147417,0.98504317,0.000049832295,0.007473452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003072906,0.000042550604,0.00016048168,0.00002301551,0.000014281814,5.153299e-8,0.0012962286,0.00017994565,0.02345606,0.97435117,0.000051338906,0.00011761687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014391847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.225054e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45475802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024790157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013299487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33992964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977863589","doi":"10.1119/1.3049873","title":"Measuring Terrestrial Ozone from Historic Astronomical Spectra","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Stratosphere; Ozone; Ozone depletion; Ozone layer; Threatened species; Meteorology; Environmental science; History; Geography","score_opus":0.05063189462817586,"score_gpt":0.20200061967962052,"score_spread":0.15136872505144466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977863589","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98370695,0.00023764583,0.0006643017,0.0001546064,0.0003677525,0.00006791921,0.000009920052,0.00005230555,0.014738581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967068,0.000015571386,0.00068398507,0.0000430302,0.0018262625,7.8614687e-7,0.000029717878,0.0000056782674,0.00068821],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992148,0.00006335969,0.00012823312,0.0001756683,0.00017845983,0.00023944578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995757,0.000059482685,0.00005602299,0.00023900911,0.000004586671,0.000065239416],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000091702386,0.00011679231,0.00014197869,0.000002460032,0.00020891866,0.000017917111,0.0002404851,0.000032983247,0.0017327714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071735935,0.00007917235,0.0000775397,0.0000771002,0.000099988545,0.000112860704,0.000012604011,0.00021431477,0.0010720821],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019394323,0.00014442184,0.92233974,0.0000021501683,0.0001347092,0.000018549212,0.003352331,0.004308843,0.00039339878,0.000080931175,0.0068299426,0.06220107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007806592,0.00009516488,0.9735573,0.000007227214,0.00006739252,0.000006621618,0.00022264104,0.010942365,0.00030477252,0.0034821918,0.010162128,0.00037153388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049529485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014029669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061829537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014503771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003619711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982526253","doi":"10.1119/1.3317448","title":"The Flight of the Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i> (STS-119)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Timeline; Space Shuttle; Trajectory; Kinematics; Aeronautics; Space (punctuation); Space Science; Aerospace engineering; Meteorology; Computer science; Operations research; Physics; Mathematics; Engineering; Astronomy","score_opus":0.004252468128274811,"score_gpt":0.2231883820227005,"score_spread":0.21893591389442568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982526253","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2572191,0.00009832575,0.00036314825,0.0030510202,0.0007749519,0.00028799524,0.000026570087,0.0000208817,0.738158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99318063,0.000002381064,0.000017627422,0.00007008573,0.0009180104,0.00003250096,0.00000228672,0.000022418044,0.0057540615],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991272,0.000073113064,0.00015273479,0.0001577119,0.0002264504,0.00026276347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989262,0.0001853014,0.00011827713,0.0006975411,0.000041961943,0.0000307194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017688698,0.000174878,0.00015715726,0.0000029486382,0.0005822662,0.00006339429,0.0006286234,0.000020688145,0.000050594066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000065624968,0.00007269985,0.00023132519,0.00013996368,0.0008853478,0.00009191288,0.00036833985,0.00045138976,0.00005628991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008429025,0.00015811675,0.0017008781,0.0000018524432,0.00009518774,2.6626113e-8,0.00090290676,0.0000033762121,0.029497195,0.96519375,0.0013515342,0.0010867266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016162213,0.0000133047,0.0002923046,0.0000073242013,0.00004179237,1.1912017e-7,0.00078556355,0.00004810701,0.15623376,0.83568805,0.0066105267,0.00011753277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000115567134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006489385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7359615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000072625376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025503537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44783795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982646059","doi":"10.1119/1.3703549","title":"Online Prelectures: An Alternative to Textbook Reading Assignments","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Reading (process); Flipped classroom; Computer science; Course (navigation); Quarter (Canadian coin); Multimedia; Psychology; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.11542867347374908,"score_gpt":0.44342240416029094,"score_spread":0.32799373068654186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982646059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8103053,0.000029913295,0.0865633,0.001394981,0.00054258114,0.0005728405,0.000009513476,0.0001812288,0.10040036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819017,0.0000016617081,0.008026904,0.0009893745,0.0030382383,0.000022910754,0.0000063748275,0.000029818862,0.0059830407],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99726677,0.0015099336,0.0001322498,0.00017719738,0.0004152464,0.0004986303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918634,0.00020238622,0.0000960753,0.00030946248,0.00007047396,0.00013526609],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002800486,0.00013753033,0.00013601128,0.00003099942,0.0005662146,0.0000548273,0.0005132697,0.000050202052,0.000115215145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034692115,0.000098612465,0.000041031744,0.00031491835,0.00015287376,0.00038365816,0.000089059184,0.00040613965,0.000105006795],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028100076,0.0011277507,0.014059803,0.0000036245303,0.00012850149,5.487501e-7,0.54936546,0.000108259024,0.015590468,0.2615113,0.0033335115,0.15474266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014267527,0.00064461963,0.1035196,0.00023683786,0.0002960789,0.0000031186537,0.05743373,0.0012470434,0.04730813,0.41663545,0.36840343,0.0028452175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011379169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057810277,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49193174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002589872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053636246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43549225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983241391","doi":"10.1119/1.3566042","title":"What physics principle can I teach with this?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health","keywords":"Cuckoo; Physics education; Mathematics education; Observer (physics); Science education; Function (biology); Theoretical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.038547119617230105,"score_gpt":0.21705295692455595,"score_spread":0.17850583730732583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983241391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90736604,0.00046483328,0.0010758112,0.00026070647,0.00045852907,0.00035284588,0.000014550242,0.00012316104,0.089883514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938005,0.000023980183,0.00021581199,0.00019716192,0.00046674756,0.0000034619786,0.000027099448,0.000008129669,0.005257081],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990172,0.00010548621,0.000125523,0.00021017028,0.0002543636,0.00028730178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993662,0.00002539895,0.00009738673,0.00040477485,0.000035667275,0.000070552225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025367035,0.00015283047,0.0001385241,0.00000873619,0.00023403853,0.000070810114,0.0002706315,0.00003735339,0.00062976306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000030811484,0.00008600487,0.000051798772,0.00015565596,0.00012311322,0.00040631462,0.000013914672,0.00024041555,0.0004535573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007906591,0.0001743205,0.8241394,0.000032928572,0.00014081364,0.000007693643,0.019610308,0.00064530416,0.000054620203,0.007692106,0.0023500384,0.1450734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074680964,0.00048361518,0.93024087,0.00014295796,0.00013895666,0.000030183654,0.003610836,0.012752572,0.00059688376,0.037314396,0.01309905,0.00084285747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047949036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017785942,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14423054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000057347056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004927757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7248492},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983392320","doi":"10.1119/1.1474157","title":"Planetary Scientist and Jesuit Brother: <i>Brother Astronomer</i>, by Guy Consolmagno","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Diverse Historical and Scientific Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University; St. Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Brother; Astronomer; Art history; Art; Philosophy; Physics; Sociology","score_opus":0.037448699440249394,"score_gpt":0.17602708617003116,"score_spread":0.13857838672978176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983392320","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04143151,0.0031734766,0.000075358366,0.0016987149,0.0018508417,0.00025509283,0.00021582664,0.000120859964,0.9511783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5309871,0.00003141248,0.000025584337,0.00039759342,0.000695623,0.000017500719,0.000010515275,0.000020402002,0.4678143],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992345,0.000036525387,0.000107185915,0.00021896532,0.00018213456,0.0002207057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961364,0.00006472495,0.00004741644,0.00020178017,0.000023639845,0.000048786],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010963425,0.00013395831,0.0001398828,0.000014737475,0.0006458888,0.00017360081,0.00019345482,0.000015023838,0.007978943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000066063644,0.00008546956,0.000049199167,0.00003501073,0.00095853,0.00011312604,0.000053085445,0.00011499244,0.0009792331],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004209108,0.00015164849,0.00045505137,0.0000057433836,0.000057406884,8.6093934e-7,0.02327936,0.0000011747676,0.00009081906,0.020231506,0.9450469,0.010675295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019658271,0.000027236953,0.00008087649,0.0000053768567,0.000030154191,5.9694787e-7,0.0013188093,0.00014026373,0.00001591063,0.0006970859,0.9973476,0.00013951446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033744116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000599352,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48955557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018517945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000028329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987085526","doi":"10.1119/1.3246465","title":"Student Projects in Cosmic Ray Detection","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cosmic ray; Galaxy; Physics; Astronomy; Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray; Atmosphere (unit); COSMIC cancer database; Astrophysics; Auger; Meteorology","score_opus":0.013148560638113625,"score_gpt":0.251846284616108,"score_spread":0.23869772397799435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987085526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95725805,0.00001919563,0.014118707,0.00021063727,0.00007861553,0.00031505674,0.0000028773954,0.000034291374,0.027962556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99864006,7.5686285e-7,0.000036603353,0.000119686185,0.0006550399,0.000038712773,0.0000061054698,0.00001549484,0.00048751055],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991314,0.000061077895,0.00015560674,0.0002071037,0.00016314861,0.00028169688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953216,0.000015010779,0.00007957993,0.00031668748,0.000021060718,0.00003548303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012457617,0.00016315607,0.00015622597,0.000020687517,0.00010306431,0.00004477379,0.00024690593,0.000015150545,0.00002931028],"category_scores_gemma":[6.47419e-7,0.00011998535,0.0000830599,0.00022171288,0.000032470016,0.000110434965,0.000041316198,0.0002966195,0.00007549223],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004826909,0.0017615103,0.014747636,0.0000033435533,0.00009955133,0.0000014758721,0.006611898,0.0019562307,0.025063872,0.049021512,0.0004118787,0.90027285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031877859,0.0004943266,0.23795132,0.00005951516,0.00012263838,6.852836e-7,0.0053730085,0.008796717,0.014800879,0.7257522,0.0023071815,0.0011537877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010623997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021091084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.899119,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053528252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029128363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48928607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987101243","doi":"10.1119/1.1526621","title":"Deep Impact: The Physics of Asteroid/Earth Collisions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Astrobiology; Asteroid; Fossil Record; Earth (classical element); Planet; Earth science; Geography; Astronomy; Paleontology; Ecology; Geology; Physics; Biology","score_opus":0.023464036850667568,"score_gpt":0.2384648110442271,"score_spread":0.21500077419355954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987101243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9116824,0.00015812524,0.03761477,0.00060567923,0.00015976411,0.00036179236,0.00010498984,0.000030671094,0.04928178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972768,0.0000025111615,0.00015669115,0.000053982767,0.00056324096,0.0000067837027,0.000019223411,0.000012579974,0.0019082102],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907136,0.000092111026,0.00015561027,0.00015831253,0.00024055732,0.00028207203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990904,0.0001345032,0.00013162891,0.00054752175,0.000037184833,0.000058761012],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015374817,0.00016443206,0.00016670665,0.0000072481394,0.00025172895,0.000041745596,0.00050356967,0.00001800895,0.0010763971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026510147,0.0000846253,0.00016243059,0.00025868896,0.00020674907,0.00015800579,0.00007508251,0.0002764345,0.0002953728],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048116417,0.0018891151,0.3578736,0.000016545351,0.0007946698,0.0000020241841,0.035716087,0.11801449,0.007710991,0.056079935,0.02131422,0.40054023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014663584,0.00044379284,0.14779341,0.000061567654,0.0003641337,0.0000045015563,0.0047143647,0.7830889,0.005348845,0.04203445,0.013593051,0.001086598],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019930008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003498163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6650744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000058244827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001778297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989719870","doi":"10.1119/1.3072459","title":"Dimensional Analysis and General Relativity","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Astro and Planetary Science","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Gravitation; General relativity; Theoretical physics; Physics; Theory of relativity; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Sociology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.008862581492285316,"score_gpt":0.22531018345918788,"score_spread":0.21644760196690258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989719870","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778933,0.000015779044,0.011972567,0.0003975465,0.00001726194,0.000038927847,0.000010418191,0.000011008235,0.009643202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99748707,1.9815087e-7,0.0005196406,0.00009553217,0.00022687364,7.4028736e-7,0.000030398249,0.000001951221,0.0016375767],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953294,0.00004302753,0.000060880924,0.00013205933,0.00010323881,0.00012786122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972343,0.000029238136,0.000035160763,0.00016329673,0.00000893403,0.000039948638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011662558,0.00007756092,0.00009794931,0.000012257791,0.0001341098,0.000022770288,0.00009025043,0.000009693776,0.00017213101],"category_scores_gemma":[6.7565514e-7,0.00004947206,0.000060414503,0.0002056491,0.000052585907,0.000096348056,0.000019097033,0.00012629999,0.000024957011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011334312,0.00015239583,0.85097367,4.4300515e-7,0.00032632126,6.7901965e-7,0.0008325437,0.008849494,0.002301015,0.04409799,0.0011606761,0.09129347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009367302,0.000021236485,0.9310951,0.0000010087203,0.000164641,2.1993236e-7,0.000023364244,0.044483755,0.00018267817,0.023542939,0.00028326205,0.00010812848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017074769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019227407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09118534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000027390197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008713893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2017412},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994784837","doi":"10.1119/1.2999059","title":"Easy Implementation of Internet-Based Whiteboard Physics Tutorials","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Syllabus; Whiteboard; Class (philosophy); Pace; The Internet; Mathematics education; Physics education; Computer science; Multimedia; Mathematics; World Wide Web; Physics; Astronomy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.019548294804174495,"score_gpt":0.2599549978080744,"score_spread":0.2404067030038999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994784837","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9120607,0.0001133467,0.082807146,0.000017428834,0.0005200471,0.00020302714,0.0000062261365,0.00036307407,0.0039089993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99798983,0.0000039133874,0.0012596723,0.000013879358,0.0004755705,0.000027241293,0.000013994673,0.000057350684,0.00015857119],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993395,0.000032239812,0.00018321432,0.00009760468,0.00017577909,0.00017163076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996122,0.000040295883,0.000046907706,0.00025157433,0.000022159147,0.000026846545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000940157,0.00014491352,0.000156684,0.000014990296,0.00003341846,0.000008850905,0.00017609449,0.00003060896,0.000060009028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005003603,0.00012643426,0.000077808916,0.00012493323,0.000050355837,0.000088577974,0.000027176127,0.00017226055,0.000041347183],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014002482,0.00012440728,0.008185127,0.00010704921,0.00024376332,0.0000026254008,0.010839333,0.6211125,0.34203264,0.003645409,0.0036211656,0.010071977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007114211,0.00006079812,0.00319984,0.000038046477,0.000033572876,0.0000018213985,0.00031997677,0.09344006,0.89864606,0.00032575915,0.0028821426,0.00034052946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005816887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.995163e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5566134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007473992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000131162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51558393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995677441","doi":"10.1119/1.3685108","title":"Water Pearls Optics Challenges for Everybody","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Refractive index; Refraction; Optics; Transparency (behavior); Index (typography); Materials science; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.03565713985106271,"score_gpt":0.2819399646525081,"score_spread":0.24628282480144537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995677441","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16726041,0.0010578688,0.01104436,0.0020093194,0.0005451735,0.0006830037,0.000035204022,0.00009006275,0.8172746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99528533,0.0000062700647,0.00013975133,0.000059494465,0.0027450975,0.00008081539,0.00001933294,0.000031816224,0.0016321025],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991595,0.000037657715,0.0001103433,0.00013196828,0.0001106236,0.00044991742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995481,0.000069662194,0.000030382478,0.00025695833,0.000031867112,0.00006307725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017262601,0.00017097422,0.0001643802,0.0000053530703,0.00022111207,0.00002100092,0.000173173,0.000018484187,0.00010232048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014474674,0.00009175955,0.00015238835,0.00002519228,0.00014678769,0.0001373352,0.00013831817,0.00012623947,0.00021866678],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010836893,0.00038020412,0.00040568554,0.000006931789,0.00014534494,1.6165524e-8,0.0061658234,0.0000042563834,0.0028756047,0.9866109,0.00033212258,0.0030622608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002826312,0.0000361439,0.00010886698,0.0000063436974,0.000068354115,1.0559016e-7,0.0024781632,0.00008447109,0.048708893,0.9456016,0.0024094554,0.00021498969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011061605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.136057e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8280249,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011514109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003898565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3741846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996815387","doi":"10.1119/1.2120387","title":"Resistance Is Not Futile: Air Resistance in an Algebra-Based Course","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Object (grammar); Fraction (chemistry); Kinematics; Acceleration; Terminal velocity; Scope (computer science); Projectile; Terminal (telecommunication); Simple (philosophy); Mathematics; Algebra over a field; Calculus (dental); Computer science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Mechanics; Pure mathematics; Programming language; Aerospace engineering; Quantum mechanics; Artificial intelligence; Epistemology","score_opus":0.013412527218734337,"score_gpt":0.2772627302003876,"score_spread":0.2638502029816533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996815387","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51033753,0.0005324708,0.0023831294,0.010687291,0.00012427648,0.0005209954,0.00012488221,0.00012077652,0.47516868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941076,0.000001031078,0.00044577467,0.0010285813,0.00085260824,0.00007554801,0.000019205145,0.000037798247,0.00343187],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986796,0.00010599854,0.00022547918,0.0003475073,0.00024881263,0.00039260145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913245,0.0000720227,0.00009214365,0.00058284536,0.000045503144,0.0000750045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016178806,0.00025613542,0.0002512426,0.000012349594,0.00022470012,0.000034570076,0.00037578403,0.000029136876,0.0002405239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016046039,0.00019372832,0.000121625664,0.00020449379,0.00033918803,0.00020028846,0.00007442772,0.00031606015,0.00015110004],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011468284,0.0010600286,0.0026003509,0.0000076586175,0.000052222294,6.5085266e-7,0.0031145164,0.00007984256,0.0013801154,0.9860269,0.0036748243,0.0018882155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010661528,0.000033873333,0.0027527893,0.00006149916,0.000049086364,2.4425175e-8,0.0009143193,0.00072325935,0.045758583,0.94126076,0.0068655633,0.00051406847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004247932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007429038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48377007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050786217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003950095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7900012},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999724818","doi":"10.1119/1.3543598","title":"Mathematical Doodling and mathematical food cutting, balloon twisting, paper musical instruments, music organs, etc. by Vi Hart","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Art, Technology, and Culture","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Musical; Balloon; Acoustics; Theoretical physics; Mathematics education; Calculus (dental); Engineering physics; Mathematics; Physics; Visual arts; Art; Medicine; Internal medicine; Dentistry","score_opus":0.04611054634194651,"score_gpt":0.22071365914400948,"score_spread":0.17460311280206298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999724818","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7568107,0.00022399219,0.0009281085,0.00089945074,0.00015861729,0.00046445432,0.000038539154,0.0005050035,0.23997109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99313754,0.000009372383,0.0005261326,0.00075811363,0.0005731178,0.00003848249,0.000014852204,0.00005916316,0.004883221],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986487,0.00006603316,0.00030901117,0.0003228109,0.00024056996,0.00041287506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992642,0.000047682533,0.00012220025,0.00042944134,0.000047406334,0.00008910054],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002536753,0.00029816513,0.00031577496,0.000017832686,0.00048895524,0.00012418588,0.00034831677,0.00013258912,0.004573215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054210122,0.00018841372,0.0000978409,0.0000325062,0.000732294,0.00022489812,0.00020443,0.0005567725,0.00030209665],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001043308,0.00063063274,0.00012084379,0.000068870846,0.00018116254,0.0000017403348,0.12721972,5.1416063e-8,0.0008011773,0.8430868,0.02239318,0.00548542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008876929,0.0003532855,0.00009394415,0.00017457934,0.0004389314,0.00002936065,0.02779205,0.0004664643,0.0019249264,0.8196336,0.14739205,0.0008130912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029089133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004563926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2363268,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002139901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000131601855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99633676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999893510","doi":"10.1119/1.3479725","title":"Teaching Introductory Physics with an Environmental Focus","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Mathematics education; Theme (computing); Physics education; Physics; Engineering physics; Pedagogy; Computer science; Mathematics; Sociology","score_opus":0.032701665004661096,"score_gpt":0.33456424879781077,"score_spread":0.3018625837931497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999893510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9587517,0.000007055786,0.0005099238,0.004340197,0.00045361838,0.00012499996,0.0000016680626,0.00006074048,0.035750125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905187,0.0000018204183,0.0003397718,0.00025949915,0.0045625907,0.000010175212,0.0000033306064,0.0000129414675,0.0042911703],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988814,0.0002759969,0.00006561406,0.00020063363,0.00032994075,0.00024643098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993945,0.00006379633,0.000056987188,0.00037098513,0.000010924692,0.00010283588],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089710264,0.000090007896,0.000070885435,0.000008981702,0.0010321328,0.0000835365,0.00043618117,0.00003608842,0.00041791957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029306602,0.000060240644,0.000029419687,0.000087121676,0.0006801282,0.00037789065,0.000028414663,0.00061698374,0.0001342505],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015883936,0.0007340692,0.01671002,0.0000012521784,0.000021153111,4.7613565e-7,0.35164216,0.000018491517,0.019785674,0.27237338,0.0015425234,0.3371549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085981237,0.00031347558,0.03974972,0.000010560743,0.00011945552,0.0000064796395,0.23425634,0.0009030582,0.0057346164,0.20775196,0.5089386,0.0013558926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021202671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00093060423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5073961,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003772792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013455506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79384345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002355687","doi":"10.1119/1.4801364","title":"Deeper Insight into Fluorescence—Excitation of Molecules by Light","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Big Little Science Centre; Kamloops Art Gallery; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorescence; Excitation; Optics; Physics; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.011083978225389084,"score_gpt":0.2455287233705572,"score_spread":0.2344447451451681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002355687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93989503,0.00020752921,0.0006937273,0.0015268512,0.000027013179,0.00013307344,0.0000071765967,0.000072005605,0.057437606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99277705,0.000016550044,0.0005569013,0.000042028816,0.00017400255,0.00005656767,0.00002997297,0.000031026706,0.0063159154],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902344,0.000031971857,0.00018316592,0.00019189679,0.00033622317,0.00023333114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991276,0.000051403007,0.000090592184,0.0005307239,0.0001298043,0.00006985161],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007610695,0.00014728312,0.00014211857,0.000008820882,0.000082224986,0.00004246139,0.00045456257,0.00008823326,0.00081265677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052541174,0.00010651364,0.00007447863,0.000112347516,0.0001382913,0.00013124272,0.000115363124,0.00032196398,0.00015553588],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005823002,0.00012838183,0.00027194948,0.00006491303,0.00004701329,4.080478e-7,0.0027914885,0.000005733387,0.9813216,0.00055569154,0.009393854,0.0054131527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017621585,0.00000791756,0.00006809069,0.000020146479,0.000014765637,5.54573e-7,0.00022822828,0.0009180067,0.98017967,0.014793186,0.0034601416,0.00013307777],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027459097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025782997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052882016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057667236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038495145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88980216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003766977","doi":"10.1119/1.3225502","title":"Motion-Matching: A Challenge Game to Generate Motion Concepts","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Educational Games and Gamification","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Western Michigan University; Michigan Space Grant Consortium; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Motion (physics); Kinematics; Sophistication; Projectile motion; Perspective (graphical); Acceleration; Computer science; Physics education; Position (finance); Frame (networking); Matching (statistics); Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Sociology; Physics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.05092317757306913,"score_gpt":0.36394994733028185,"score_spread":0.3130267697572127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003766977","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8982824,0.0002320829,0.039891396,0.027431356,0.0005680327,0.00038950905,0.0000058423384,0.000108724416,0.03309066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98971665,0.0000059813246,0.00015664443,0.0015303076,0.0011716014,0.000033391454,0.00002741437,0.000015888188,0.0073421486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991709,0.00012828864,0.00014155987,0.00023663219,0.00013268269,0.00018991018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935013,0.000032019,0.00007242107,0.00042658686,0.000058952915,0.00005989722],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017189764,0.000115846015,0.00009895281,0.000020798372,0.000076897835,0.000028178527,0.00019307592,0.000049946284,0.0003446296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009625881,0.0000899883,0.000058025904,0.00013945677,0.000027389402,0.00006446466,0.00001252704,0.00016578459,0.0011942264],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029729743,0.001221342,0.00019827246,0.0000035156602,0.000062656465,7.2282853e-7,0.09137698,0.0010284393,0.007866598,0.5369574,0.009153447,0.35210088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011770944,0.0004679391,0.3837796,0.000044756234,0.00012776053,0.000011418156,0.0086861,0.0010908325,0.0016478512,0.5482066,0.0538171,0.00094291434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005271326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025445001,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3835813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004271669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011678306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009979260","doi":"10.1119/1.880531","title":"Magnetic deflection demonstrator","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Deflection (physics); Physics; Aerospace engineering; Physics education; Classical mechanics; Optics; Engineering; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.012538353778982481,"score_gpt":0.22312278858327866,"score_spread":0.21058443480429617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009979260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79286784,0.00008475336,0.0057101403,0.000033003198,0.000047652895,0.00011411462,9.836066e-7,0.0013725393,0.199769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978163,0.0000091222055,0.021352552,0.000021549838,0.00017814075,0.000022569473,8.85773e-7,0.00003662384,0.0002155778],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996037,0.0000251584,0.00007317394,0.00008146738,0.000071448514,0.00014507798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971193,0.000022995497,0.000008280192,0.00022445396,0.000010057525,0.000022307553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006828657,0.0000988564,0.000065895816,0.00000952977,0.000053303036,0.000019890429,0.00013065668,0.00003140239,0.00027062386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000041848925,0.000079731384,0.00003116525,0.0001333379,0.000050191466,0.000065226646,0.00000812604,0.00019255043,0.00018556486],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019024656,0.00015983291,0.010609728,0.00005154133,0.000100036166,0.0000053974395,0.0016301787,0.0010191498,0.23152497,0.03290492,0.011519049,0.7104562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019311883,0.00008333223,0.01621422,0.000030600822,0.000055358072,0.000025602585,0.000026957943,0.0099236425,0.01949046,0.95213795,0.0013863719,0.00043238341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024048868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002302437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.919233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040358274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055071837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32513514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011235772","doi":"10.1119/1.2731276","title":"Conductive Critical Thinking","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan College","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Thermal conduction; Heat transfer; Mathematics education; Physics education; Mechanics; Psychology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.11308119533283695,"score_gpt":0.469538320067115,"score_spread":0.35645712473427804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011235772","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2075676,0.000029466211,0.21252865,0.005414327,0.0005759448,0.00016512252,8.97358e-7,0.00018447412,0.57353354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839052,6.408008e-7,0.011982867,0.00066525006,0.0012518872,0.000003271171,6.0354125e-7,0.000015249699,0.0021750112],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982185,0.00075528293,0.00012075068,0.00014464388,0.00038674238,0.00037410206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985522,0.0010227574,0.00004692444,0.0002038653,0.00012953006,0.00004469855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0083941175,0.000085422595,0.00010064051,0.000018415027,0.0010883636,0.000057299807,0.00036714325,0.000058740112,0.00012576325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012170703,0.00006198223,0.000050227372,0.00033602724,0.0008400681,0.0001871915,0.00006285355,0.0005403612,0.00007635379],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004684688,0.000046671947,0.00080806966,9.819946e-7,0.000012491702,0.0000012276828,0.085835695,0.0000010129884,0.0011929133,0.90069795,0.0005852497,0.010813031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000090383255,0.000015070486,0.0026821948,0.000009688334,0.000019813033,5.9954436e-7,0.02231648,0.000022952878,0.0024079958,0.9537272,0.018538827,0.00016879747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006354518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053349046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7763376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011698009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007203286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8370923},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011330129","doi":"10.1119/1.3517019","title":"Exploring the Solar System with a Human Orrery","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Planet; Solar System; Observatory; Motion (physics); Perspective (graphical); Astronomy; Scale (ratio); Astrobiology; Physics; Mathematics education; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology","score_opus":0.22399118520468847,"score_gpt":0.37315317929762565,"score_spread":0.14916199409293718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011330129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9205769,0.0000036417794,0.00020521056,0.0039360328,0.000713051,0.00012619625,2.8036513e-7,0.00007007554,0.07436862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947756,0.0000012011958,0.000019733749,0.00012686587,0.0016839319,0.000047879115,3.67908e-7,0.0000070944307,0.0033373197],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991818,0.00018630299,0.000058827965,0.00010697098,0.00027105576,0.00019504651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945414,0.000100289886,0.000045538643,0.00030893367,0.000042740186,0.000048336635],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012240758,0.000057011526,0.00005339622,0.000008638147,0.001640988,0.00012287835,0.00047531992,0.000016175585,0.000088671615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003248408,0.000027497657,0.000028053246,0.00022668735,0.00041805467,0.00022033899,0.000024168185,0.0003395615,0.0001244882],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031588243,0.000067825145,0.0059206397,0.000003621159,0.000014458477,4.022548e-7,0.3403894,0.000011182841,0.0018325722,0.63629174,0.0013912922,0.0140737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028257273,0.000050797054,0.04205158,0.000040479867,0.00006325991,0.0000050453646,0.7297079,0.00023930726,0.0013966637,0.007942932,0.21774052,0.00047893092],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028996307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021878707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6283488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024946936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013260367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012028983","doi":"10.1119/1.1416315","title":"Measuring the speed of sound — Variation on a familiar theme","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The King's University","funders":"","keywords":"Speed of sound; Sound (geography); Variation (astronomy); Theme (computing); Twist; Acoustics; Physics education; Physics; Computer science; Mathematics education; Mathematics; Astronomy; Geometry","score_opus":0.034999504312368236,"score_gpt":0.25865219197814515,"score_spread":0.22365268766577692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012028983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50558126,0.000026340926,0.0035763,0.00043325708,0.000078256344,0.0001914726,0.0000060779057,0.000019307736,0.49008775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987553,0.000002267682,0.000012350005,0.00006689657,0.00059072033,0.000013173571,0.0000033959266,0.000015976613,0.0005399699],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992931,0.00007603565,0.00013213667,0.00012924039,0.00019950059,0.00016998537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942434,0.000112924514,0.00008501694,0.0003231067,0.000034724337,0.000019866537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016275751,0.00013415099,0.00013966416,0.0000062167082,0.00021447559,0.000019925386,0.00023248944,0.000012028907,0.00007526658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035204987,0.000069064736,0.00012208149,0.00012116367,0.00018923938,0.00004994353,0.00008741062,0.00016973978,0.00007911041],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027770191,0.00030387356,0.00155183,0.0000017826995,0.00014531925,7.884997e-8,0.003671927,0.00015459419,0.006143818,0.9858106,0.00007796376,0.0021104468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022039785,0.00003458779,0.0012876617,0.00001085724,0.000039264796,8.89072e-8,0.001105197,0.0005008952,0.008476992,0.98811007,0.000116185474,0.00009778735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014990644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.1120134e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49317402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015059077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000074188233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28163782},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013023492","doi":"10.1119/1.4849151","title":"Just in Time to Flip Your Classroom","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dawson College; John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Flipped classroom; Surprise; Class (philosophy); Narrative; Mathematics education; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Communication; Art; Artificial intelligence; Literature","score_opus":0.08887856546681339,"score_gpt":0.3886192889153502,"score_spread":0.2997407234485368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013023492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70019525,0.0000058526234,0.0019063251,0.008909589,0.000109927125,0.0004286712,9.930694e-7,0.00009438566,0.288349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9340383,5.8008413e-7,0.003538551,0.0013695057,0.00088627345,0.000061899394,0.0000014405094,0.000025518992,0.06007793],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807197,0.0009409166,0.0001386408,0.00016883542,0.0003205359,0.00035907596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938166,0.0001578049,0.00005120479,0.00028327838,0.00006854944,0.000057519308],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024105099,0.00010343777,0.00013521944,0.00003571241,0.00025447042,0.000092948576,0.00058103364,0.00005741696,0.0012454494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028864158,0.00007702297,0.00004036427,0.00060662365,0.0001452882,0.00018719683,0.00010705206,0.00039542158,0.0061725713],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020172021,0.000645495,0.032365426,0.0000069303082,0.000066606735,0.0000021033845,0.33491194,0.00011069947,0.030696802,0.1787439,0.12600687,0.29642305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011081528,0.00014534895,0.2429376,0.000104497136,0.00005477126,7.937167e-7,0.027505308,0.0013905844,0.0029632945,0.3757333,0.34641674,0.0016396217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004002013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000076042634,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30740663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015893781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059171827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016615196","doi":"10.1119/1.3517032","title":"Characterization of a Piezoelectric Buzzer Using a Michelson Interferometer","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Piezoelectricity; Michelson interferometer; Interferometry; Buzzer; Optics; Materials science; Microscope; Astronomical interferometer; Characterization (materials science); Physics; Optoelectronics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.013266493954001042,"score_gpt":0.27382306691814473,"score_spread":0.2605565729641437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016615196","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8419338,0.0000012637332,0.15644498,0.000059929007,0.000030100435,0.00015667312,0.000013080639,0.000022001239,0.0013381941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976089,2.8942407e-7,0.0015782536,0.000025891974,0.00024721227,0.00002941474,0.00002890845,0.000020001255,0.00046112278],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955744,0.000015768332,0.00013107012,0.00011140464,0.000058059715,0.0001262672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952,0.000010163187,0.00011466752,0.00029528418,0.00004088399,0.000019011763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007796598,0.00009367787,0.000103899634,0.000020300919,0.000068945476,0.000021353835,0.00018047483,0.000025436204,0.00021157826],"category_scores_gemma":[8.680322e-7,0.00006864906,0.000072724586,0.00019669112,0.00005872128,0.00006890288,0.000042709977,0.00022968645,0.00001361882],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026957878,0.00009790656,0.0020460128,0.0000021725964,0.000017991608,8.097152e-9,0.00027625763,0.0000011085078,0.9709844,0.012781406,0.000035765825,0.013754296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013053614,0.000026111513,0.0011562117,0.000011756278,0.00005317134,5.320096e-7,0.000039743965,0.0061216895,0.978659,0.01165414,0.0019890105,0.00015811423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000105817584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.6256124e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15567513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006527966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017154493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27994272},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018672148","doi":"10.1119/1.1616486","title":"Hidden Amplifier for a Galvanometer","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanometer; Amplifier; Sensitivity (control systems); Thermocouple; Electrical engineering; TRIAC; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Electronic engineering; Voltage","score_opus":0.021742349736996906,"score_gpt":0.27415546822479875,"score_spread":0.25241311848780185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018672148","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04244436,0.0000963795,0.050639816,0.00037782537,0.0002065155,0.00052120385,0.000032823198,0.000065801374,0.90561527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953498,3.870852e-7,0.00045369737,0.000121542864,0.0004986377,0.00017596963,0.000009764274,0.00002631172,0.0033638855],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932283,0.000045217635,0.00010856686,0.0001732346,0.00008983751,0.00026028344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995364,0.00009332574,0.000042019616,0.00025754835,0.000030089752,0.00004062074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000106962034,0.00015092726,0.00014964638,0.000005953121,0.00021592401,0.00003295429,0.00014688197,0.000013509187,0.00033679552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000041927533,0.00009552739,0.00017480331,0.00007650342,0.00015123276,0.000060318416,0.000044751305,0.000109300854,0.00012569691],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000072645025,0.00017502319,0.000892214,0.0000024245514,0.000112543465,2.992005e-8,0.0006486394,0.0000016983539,0.0009889733,0.9923987,0.0021846362,0.0025878667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029560365,0.000026151884,0.000043543645,0.0000034395848,0.000036661513,7.3499486e-8,0.00040297763,0.000035343623,0.009364204,0.98397714,0.005666576,0.00014827911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012858694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.04664956e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9529054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011612357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010673542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38954943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022852744","doi":"10.1119/1.3274344","title":"Whittaker and Special Relativity","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Special relativity; Theory of relativity; Mathematics education; Theoretical physics; Calculus (dental); Physics education; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Medicine","score_opus":0.014291813435815662,"score_gpt":0.2539440792062553,"score_spread":0.23965226577043963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022852744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6136437,0.000026662043,0.006298135,0.001942508,0.000077871446,0.00012688253,0.0000079774245,0.000020953628,0.3778553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935817,5.0801344e-7,0.000092584785,0.00011206115,0.0020115622,0.0000028564355,0.0000071674494,0.0000058783926,0.0041856747],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995305,0.000077530276,0.000071422524,0.00011210859,0.00009348716,0.000114959956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968505,0.00008235019,0.00004321922,0.00014551535,0.000014584056,0.00002928481],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016767034,0.000086272295,0.00008803601,0.000006787169,0.00015064453,0.00002976374,0.00007140633,0.000018300514,0.0001954296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000036750655,0.0000618422,0.00005149484,0.00006953951,0.00007802624,0.00013771461,0.000018029927,0.00021455539,0.000088513276],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000089324485,0.0000921369,0.006000917,4.3912925e-7,0.000022744714,1.4996914e-7,0.0011828936,0.000026234988,0.00017088364,0.9244056,0.0015913001,0.06649777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015509913,0.000017738497,0.055044644,0.0000037128118,0.000016059172,2.1500416e-7,0.00010097221,0.00011139143,0.00013884755,0.9416701,0.0026558058,0.000085370244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006953695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9879726e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.379938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005751342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010137666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25218514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024291137","doi":"10.1119/1.880459","title":"Measuring the speed of sound in a solid","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Oscilloscope; Speed of sound; Acoustics; Sound (geography); Pulse (music); Physics; Speed of light (cellular automaton); Pulse wave; Optics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.02571693954332035,"score_gpt":0.2673431636916504,"score_spread":0.24162622414833004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024291137","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63518256,0.000053038475,0.0001025612,0.0001890666,0.000019522808,0.00011230553,0.0000034638092,0.0000072968937,0.3643302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988304,0.0000016396682,0.00000813428,0.00003577158,0.00029692423,0.0000125337065,0.0000018849738,0.000012667442,0.0008000522],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993643,0.00006494052,0.00014346372,0.00010976697,0.00013202196,0.00018549552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961126,0.000062788946,0.000040480365,0.00025333447,0.000014729174,0.000017407127],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013655916,0.00011300496,0.00015466349,0.0000052518662,0.00011016836,0.000014909277,0.00023417344,0.000009646772,0.00042753943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011935371,0.00006039441,0.00009883952,0.00012497096,0.00027210166,0.000048758364,0.00006496408,0.00017909094,0.00008763992],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033699955,0.00050407666,0.0069012973,0.0000045005895,0.0001416892,2.0414629e-7,0.008268587,0.00048623973,0.0038810787,0.9654725,0.000117224576,0.014188912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002335425,0.000014642594,0.00085903227,0.000013502511,0.000018310484,7.2712346e-8,0.0010565057,0.0003453376,0.012220718,0.9850663,0.00007985948,0.00009215619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022807562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018409322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36364785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010588744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000789423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46812567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028871664","doi":"10.1119/1.880544","title":"In praise of simple physics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Praise; Physics education; Mathematics education; Physics; Science education; Theoretical physics; Engineering physics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.01074136211974758,"score_gpt":0.2694759123576403,"score_spread":0.2587345502378927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028871664","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47163278,0.00004526784,0.00055943616,0.00021693051,0.000032167936,0.00016983181,0.000019209067,0.000015595293,0.52730876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979377,0.0000023461594,0.000036310954,0.00006842814,0.0005026281,0.000029779205,0.0000096978265,0.0000190045,0.0013941262],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925065,0.000055149896,0.00017674216,0.0001549939,0.00013521571,0.00022725225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995538,0.00005766713,0.000052798387,0.0002876254,0.000018659199,0.000029451472],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007908288,0.00015075567,0.0002146015,0.000005728322,0.00007228896,0.000010183747,0.00020527453,0.000014369904,0.0012584787],"category_scores_gemma":[9.927744e-7,0.00010435061,0.00011750704,0.00018482696,0.00024808873,0.00011700118,0.00006474233,0.00017693634,0.00015204663],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024479148,0.00073931855,0.0039823423,0.000005252234,0.00006785604,2.715501e-7,0.0025504485,0.0002033157,0.001987866,0.96889526,0.00081706955,0.020726543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033675847,0.000026652457,0.00031260191,0.00000900467,0.000016805532,4.9564083e-8,0.0003466089,0.00032292877,0.019053489,0.97857344,0.0008667995,0.00013488778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030075893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.318144e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5263049,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011016703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012031592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030093361","doi":"10.1119/1.1631624","title":"Testing a Model for Sliding Motion on an Incline","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; The King's University","funders":"","keywords":"Motion (physics); Acceleration; Simple (philosophy); Physics education; Test (biology); Simulation; Classical mechanics; Computer science; Experimental data; Mechanics; Physics; Calculus (dental); Mathematics; Mathematics education; Geology; Statistics","score_opus":0.06265308140131749,"score_gpt":0.3125417160398773,"score_spread":0.24988863463855981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030093361","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33123907,0.000015027975,0.29589254,0.0001502213,0.000097042815,0.00048779804,0.00002742153,0.00007870028,0.37201217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976875,7.464286e-8,0.001306383,0.00008188926,0.00042338716,0.00008594484,0.000014507511,0.000027014781,0.00037328346],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993523,0.000050536844,0.00011014706,0.00018361908,0.00009198596,0.00021143715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954516,0.00011003654,0.000053449014,0.00021084044,0.000041052674,0.0000394488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017409978,0.00014377008,0.00012604673,0.0000066291577,0.00032969916,0.00002746098,0.00011049745,0.000013445349,0.00001442344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012654922,0.00009803852,0.000078370365,0.000078541845,0.000055314475,0.000089242734,0.000033098626,0.00012749388,0.00001723715],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009160882,0.0003784489,0.00038337708,0.000002362953,0.00003171037,2.041226e-8,0.0007621959,0.0027985647,0.0061986605,0.985471,0.000044280372,0.003920185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024420914,0.000058047084,0.000020439042,0.000007833875,0.0000217887,3.6624197e-8,0.000310035,0.12284789,0.010367049,0.8659782,0.000023300494,0.000121209734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013991207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4143264e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6664484,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017393191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010256672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3997895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031030869","doi":"10.1119/1.4775515","title":"Dependent and independent variables in “standard form” equations","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Icon; Citation; Download; Computer science; Information retrieval; Filter (signal processing); World Wide Web","score_opus":0.02327138457428155,"score_gpt":0.2685093980625889,"score_spread":0.24523801348830734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031030869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9314912,0.000096103526,0.002077307,0.0012017385,0.000020229889,0.00018631184,0.000015734298,0.00006085744,0.0648505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927394,0.000017283714,0.00014605625,0.00003807706,0.00015927943,0.000111199784,0.000013418603,0.000021894537,0.0067534],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893194,0.000027401442,0.00017057278,0.00021112403,0.000340148,0.00031881497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992625,0.00012337042,0.000051438547,0.000429538,0.000054104075,0.00007900804],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023484127,0.00013625938,0.00013635527,0.0000135169275,0.00011039234,0.00011424419,0.0002939359,0.00008549262,0.0011328884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009854981,0.00010258525,0.00003476285,0.000086063475,0.00008202878,0.00015647164,0.00020946904,0.0004999293,0.00006449491],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009127658,0.001132323,0.12550798,0.0005020049,0.00045390264,0.000026249252,0.013322921,0.0007719266,0.70100415,0.0469241,0.004740291,0.1055229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040606246,0.000057666497,0.006822041,0.00017760722,0.00010846641,0.000031076524,0.003678591,0.030315876,0.33884224,0.61091363,0.0037662443,0.0012259476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005810068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007049551,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5639895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001353989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069479735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032092368","doi":"10.1119/1.2336138","title":"Probeware Modification of a Spectrometer","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund","funders":"","keywords":"Vernier scale; Reading (process); Decimal; Notation; Spectrometer; Physics; Spectral line; Optics; Task (project management); Motion (physics); Computer graphics (images); Computer science; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Arithmetic; Engineering; Classical mechanics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.016372561867574468,"score_gpt":0.24525884267643208,"score_spread":0.22888628080885762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032092368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84970516,0.000021277572,0.07107208,0.00041837184,0.00003381598,0.00020958699,0.000011501539,0.000026221573,0.07850198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976617,1.3399716e-7,0.0004296127,0.000010864751,0.0003193961,0.000016283839,0.0000106332145,0.000008605643,0.0015427666],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995277,0.00002508239,0.00011663723,0.00009603678,0.00011565792,0.000118913806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996631,0.00003146193,0.000054942986,0.00020508611,0.000025614088,0.000019789102],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007150322,0.00006846408,0.00009142702,0.000006176113,0.00003492095,0.000009463272,0.00013241464,0.000013541993,0.00030290202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000020921127,0.00004136218,0.000079549194,0.000097898635,0.000039654875,0.000031981286,0.000028475704,0.00010096587,0.00005518374],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056399876,0.00025211382,0.0013849887,0.0000036839424,0.000019247178,4.095829e-8,0.00006343898,0.00002992232,0.009031235,0.9721913,0.00041052882,0.01660787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001978526,0.000028685845,0.0031926946,0.00000768507,0.000035561523,5.978557e-8,0.000051306157,0.0031190647,0.047073636,0.9446218,0.0015558776,0.000115758405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014077638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4647894e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14795654,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000062086133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009291923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33165646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032583011","doi":"10.1119/1.2120381","title":"Putting the Humanity Back into Quantum Physics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bowdoin College","keywords":"Humanity; Globe; Physics education; Mathematics education; Science education; Physics; Sociology; Engineering physics; Mathematics; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.5266388532014219,"score_gpt":0.4637497883108788,"score_spread":0.06288906489054308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032583011","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.416398,0.0002745921,0.001797712,0.0863904,0.00031529655,0.0006170606,0.000004629352,0.0002493128,0.493953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993742,0.00028340984,0.00018133585,0.00096372917,0.0022657926,0.000013996093,0.000008976258,0.000012941139,0.00252785],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989707,0.0004311853,0.00010463474,0.000098205724,0.00021057767,0.00018470408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992108,0.00014553827,0.00008175247,0.0004759855,0.00005477926,0.000031191517],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008688262,0.00008011123,0.000072644325,0.00000460966,0.0014186356,0.00010851831,0.00058798655,0.00003638237,0.0007288057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036214828,0.000050391467,0.000071326234,0.00016252532,0.00033115453,0.00017791404,0.00011822221,0.00026667802,0.0012193592],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031151376,0.00017541536,0.00063415006,0.000004819093,0.000016593525,2.7602812e-8,0.36076516,0.000048875678,0.00087778753,0.1953548,0.0076220646,0.43449718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021474663,0.000015303307,0.0047529293,0.00002274614,0.00003974516,2.1192531e-7,0.029705435,0.0040686857,0.000118943,0.2715209,0.6893031,0.00023723998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016519162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025562467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68168104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010006904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025573881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034746486","doi":"10.1119/1.880532","title":"Posing Einstein’s question: Questioning Einstein’s pose","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Einstein; Blackboard (design pattern); Meaning (existential); Epistemology; Einstein's constant; Theoretical physics; Physics; Philosophy; Mathematics education; Classical mechanics; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.012315360967576312,"score_gpt":0.2645358410429106,"score_spread":0.2522204800753343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034746486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6852349,0.00014932845,0.009392864,0.0014931957,0.00020967377,0.00026446342,0.000017789918,0.00012159728,0.3031162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97977877,0.0000022418233,0.00041829632,0.00015010509,0.001291243,0.000023392768,0.000049216058,0.00002817139,0.018258546],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891764,0.0002477353,0.0001821379,0.00021054843,0.00020332453,0.00023863072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993858,0.00011583956,0.00007636605,0.0003196478,0.00004439303,0.000057978523],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034488225,0.0001792328,0.00014932561,0.00001667546,0.0004234426,0.00009544268,0.00020141357,0.000037775528,0.0015471533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000046876257,0.00014002202,0.00013046252,0.00015950769,0.0001266466,0.00031848907,0.000028076223,0.00035326026,0.0007642893],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026562175,0.00021056927,0.0036019138,0.000003797016,0.00009467164,9.78643e-7,0.0017017238,0.0025885028,0.0005936858,0.8174082,0.0005361541,0.17323323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049448194,0.000043435964,0.0064395256,0.000097476775,0.00008318363,0.0000028093743,0.0003134929,0.0019390909,0.0013078034,0.9775487,0.0113442,0.0003857543],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000265984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016567805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29454392,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003348964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003934469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99936557},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039359414","doi":"10.1119/1.4818370","title":"Hockey, iPads, and Projectile Motion in a Physics Classroom","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Physics education; Projectile motion; Motion (physics); Projectile; Physics; Mobile device; Representation (politics); Mathematics education; Computer graphics (images); Computer science; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.011366646409047913,"score_gpt":0.23971550959042326,"score_spread":0.22834886318137534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039359414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78539354,0.000080524165,0.0035915081,0.0005416779,0.00008256129,0.00064943364,0.000009190584,0.000049540573,0.20960204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99839216,0.0000026150312,0.00008138113,0.00006311251,0.0006717665,0.00019027402,0.000011047651,0.00002453504,0.00056311087],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991083,0.000069398564,0.00014586363,0.00023403934,0.00012736832,0.000315042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957705,0.000052290816,0.000058123693,0.00023355432,0.000030692674,0.00004827043],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008157912,0.00019409665,0.00019399056,0.000010159662,0.00014546105,0.000061899846,0.00013614971,0.000022527953,0.000119326185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002069086,0.00013199085,0.00007054574,0.00015777325,0.00021823171,0.00021711634,0.00016693813,0.0002659004,0.00015836422],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000093580875,0.00070312724,0.032097623,0.000010800014,0.000080674385,2.057778e-7,0.004515825,0.00003371726,0.003760234,0.89969784,0.0008033538,0.058287237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036864774,0.000031063817,0.0029588728,0.000014650427,0.000017680773,1.3773142e-7,0.0016978226,0.0022778937,0.004609734,0.98774576,0.0000846034,0.00019315262],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00086782593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002369458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21299863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025070456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011360018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53824306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040536403","doi":"10.1119/1.4868942","title":"Simulating the Phases of the Moon Shortly After Its Formation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Astrobiology; Orbit (dynamics); Mars Exploration Program; Geology; Lunar orbit; Earth's orbit; Physics; Astronomy; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Spacecraft","score_opus":0.01171806186293092,"score_gpt":0.24852639602386234,"score_spread":0.23680833416093142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040536403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7790819,0.00007909012,0.0063746516,0.00065447815,0.000108422835,0.0003111028,0.000013642483,0.000018966373,0.21335778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998998,4.20438e-7,0.0000099562785,0.00011005707,0.00049047667,0.00003996188,0.0000030383187,0.000012403326,0.00033568015],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934065,0.000102524275,0.00014847988,0.00009208845,0.00016257295,0.00015370047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939215,0.0001376705,0.000100460624,0.00031680247,0.00003769862,0.000015226372],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014204932,0.00012194738,0.000117494885,0.0000032764867,0.0002541795,0.000022918577,0.00025057828,0.000010933898,0.00008812018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006158019,0.000051732073,0.00014210444,0.00009294722,0.00019610362,0.00010443226,0.00017185776,0.00015226474,0.000025459236],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019269819,0.00021238785,0.0021396815,0.0000075574553,0.000106910484,1.4068241e-8,0.0053977724,0.00057944143,0.0060446933,0.97391796,0.00021194387,0.011362374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002597938,0.000032022253,0.00074029533,0.000030548807,0.00008436706,7.662951e-8,0.0011619959,0.012341559,0.09059045,0.89411116,0.0005001243,0.00014759967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026405954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.0430796e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21991614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008276397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000048409233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21095727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043651278","doi":"10.1119/1.2060634","title":"Five Quantitative Physics Experiments (Almost) Without Special Apparatus","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Physics education; Mathematics education; Computer science; Simulation; Mathematics","score_opus":0.022422957885424255,"score_gpt":0.28211010683004517,"score_spread":0.2596871489446209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043651278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8183339,0.0010362089,0.038727995,0.00009057609,0.0010806284,0.0005232092,0.00001265003,0.0010819065,0.13911292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884071,0.000013116625,0.005677131,0.000043716198,0.00393499,0.00005987146,0.000012630422,0.00011905202,0.0017324296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895,0.000041009967,0.00018162894,0.00020597258,0.00024494465,0.00037644626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994526,0.000044318647,0.000040436236,0.0003740667,0.000022389768,0.000066223474],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008946448,0.00029039106,0.0002228644,0.000017051161,0.00011194228,0.00005130878,0.0002982459,0.000057144745,0.000101391524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008950339,0.00024980181,0.00009512966,0.00016969706,0.00008519006,0.0002652807,0.000070108894,0.0004591675,0.0008016841],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003133851,0.00023180053,0.00038659506,0.000022428956,0.00031613652,0.000002930861,0.03712238,0.82303774,0.1017342,0.014785234,0.009141666,0.0131875705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012420927,0.00012331059,0.00063532393,0.00008386936,0.00007653255,0.0000066158777,0.0031989284,0.619707,0.3219776,0.001492977,0.05017089,0.0012848912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010608927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013230203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2202434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018931755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009850033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046671418","doi":"10.1119/1.4775533","title":"A Resource for Using Real-World Examples in the Physics Classroom","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; Resource (disambiguation); Reading (process); Mathematics education; Engineering physics; Physics; Computer science; Mathematics; Political science","score_opus":0.045639133759134795,"score_gpt":0.30187933472664313,"score_spread":0.2562402009675083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046671418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.52045095,0.00008188256,0.019712627,0.0017141105,0.00011338372,0.0018833246,0.00004611258,0.000066190296,0.4559314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99686384,9.848495e-7,0.00036368487,0.00023186259,0.0014224419,0.00033033738,0.000024824365,0.00004004688,0.0007219811],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872005,0.000148758,0.00021644426,0.00025831658,0.00019227916,0.00046416852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989851,0.00036242776,0.00010358082,0.0004679377,0.000040865576,0.00004004975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024148419,0.00024842937,0.00025323467,0.000012824736,0.00034958243,0.00010109743,0.00044043284,0.000020073707,0.00006864556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000348018,0.00014150802,0.00019295081,0.00026758545,0.00028970384,0.00014785994,0.00015149609,0.0002856238,0.000054160366],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010992173,0.00034884986,0.0025487645,0.0000067611763,0.00007830213,8.711817e-8,0.0037862621,0.00013697178,0.0016457057,0.98534214,0.0015544023,0.0045407587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037487262,0.000028265309,0.0004975954,0.000021095162,0.000047799786,8.0447684e-8,0.004665372,0.0037969826,0.0022900763,0.9867988,0.0012561762,0.000222857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016185502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011325865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47641286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040404153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019812867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57705295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046960625","doi":"10.1119/1.4862116","title":"Revisiting a Problem of Two Freezers","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund","funders":"","keywords":"Carnot cycle; Refrigeration; Thermodynamics; Interpretation (philosophy); Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Environmental science; Computer science","score_opus":0.01023016151185661,"score_gpt":0.2638834665809157,"score_spread":0.2536533050690591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046960625","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.039341897,0.000006977761,0.9103195,0.00010384365,0.00002440791,0.00010663315,0.000015722848,0.000016410617,0.050064605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906071,3.010584e-7,0.008696068,0.000027133952,0.00037530164,0.000010494712,0.000008173808,0.000019747897,0.0002557189],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999397,0.000061938954,0.00015054578,0.00012107617,0.00010410915,0.00016535282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994602,0.000100425474,0.00011681078,0.00025309916,0.000037252914,0.00003221077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000197154,0.00010015777,0.00015263664,0.000006006906,0.00007266219,0.000011679272,0.00017374365,0.000010214994,0.00008291307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000503596,0.00006964924,0.00006964163,0.000079141784,0.000047853602,0.000038644343,0.000055284097,0.00015556224,0.000017512953],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022737956,0.000028157272,0.0003121803,0.0000053632493,0.000022359522,2.811724e-8,0.00014703079,0.00039708597,0.0019470652,0.83226013,0.000012133239,0.16486621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002189888,0.000016612079,0.000062648105,0.00002089711,0.000026488062,7.435504e-8,0.00007328091,0.076232925,0.00080734043,0.9220197,0.00042402642,0.00009698763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006449158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.1759392e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95126516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000073261454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008954989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28402135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047048412","doi":"10.1119/1.2060650","title":"A Demonstration of the Critical Angle Without Using Total Internal Reflection","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Total internal reflection; Total external reflection; Optics; Snell's law; Refraction; Physics; Reflection (computer programming); Refractive index; Critical frequency; Contact angle; Surface (topology); Acute angle; Solid angle; Geometry; Mathematics; Detector","score_opus":0.025301424470157267,"score_gpt":0.28765341146217777,"score_spread":0.2623519869920205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047048412","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534657,0.00006350354,0.02214711,0.0001458091,0.00011080975,0.000052101692,0.0000010930936,0.000039317616,0.023974545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990626,0.0000014029521,0.0005770904,0.000023453269,0.00022973669,0.0000020765622,2.4430574e-7,0.000009102393,0.00009432437],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967885,0.000021503034,0.00008228232,0.00004586486,0.00008471957,0.00008678809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998244,0.000022391667,0.000012654243,0.00011206956,0.0000142221525,0.00001426228],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006459482,0.000052636347,0.000056299534,0.0000045818374,0.000033513625,0.000012243724,0.00007760178,0.00002416193,0.000014578932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009175769,0.000031362575,0.000041704712,0.000060776052,0.00006382109,0.0000942731,0.000018341145,0.00014804814,0.0000068646827],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005396776,0.00038842892,0.005987129,0.00010795513,0.00022694739,6.6684663e-7,0.0065812413,0.13001351,0.71862245,0.08365936,0.00041107557,0.053947296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009478017,0.000011365446,0.0017229888,0.00003718159,0.000042549076,0.000008032148,0.00008098401,0.926562,0.068612754,0.0025836823,0.00016881872,0.00007486424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019464918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001011469,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7965485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003609098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000075164116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12789287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050941320","doi":"10.1119/1.2033528","title":"Measuring End Correction for a Quarter-Wave Tube","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tube (container); Quarter (Canadian coin); Column (typography); Tuning fork; Wavelength; Acoustics; Sound (geography); Optics; Standing wave; Physics; Mathematics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geometry","score_opus":0.03281445223018981,"score_gpt":0.2523663530984034,"score_spread":0.21955190086821358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050941320","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15392229,0.00014496222,0.11806381,0.0018665133,0.00076151226,0.00083000294,0.000043789132,0.00014272847,0.7242244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957161,4.4782334e-7,0.00017362225,0.000067992,0.0023650571,0.00013031095,0.000014973836,0.000022416918,0.0015090737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993241,0.00003221271,0.00012191613,0.00017117878,0.000113797374,0.00023679987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996002,0.00008014079,0.00005021789,0.00019633358,0.000036150086,0.000036984977],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000104493214,0.00015073328,0.00014340713,0.000006961937,0.0002720998,0.00003419495,0.00010200161,0.000014639412,0.00012411088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002147212,0.000104795196,0.00015467279,0.00006170428,0.00011018113,0.000104381455,0.00005226648,0.00014208216,0.00008960864],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038701273,0.00052191963,0.00042473729,0.0000049079335,0.00022154758,5.9206773e-8,0.004601929,0.00011537543,0.0060419254,0.9082155,0.0055667353,0.07424666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000625003,0.000080513164,0.00011879133,0.000018207797,0.000079373945,3.9652917e-7,0.0020654225,0.0073338863,0.076648764,0.90856117,0.004166377,0.00030211476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004209751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014145905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84179384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030363743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009240159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4273424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057016578","doi":"10.1119/1.1631628","title":"Force on Current-Carrying Wire","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Current (fluid); Electric current; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering physics; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering","score_opus":0.019185791808498463,"score_gpt":0.27709537938336365,"score_spread":0.2579095875748652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057016578","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06521136,0.00015760725,0.004279843,0.00011371585,0.00023960347,0.00017036947,0.00000745404,0.00004187166,0.92977816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978963,0.0000012764256,0.000022818971,0.000067796806,0.0005251436,0.00003894424,0.000006164873,0.000023934092,0.001417601],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992193,0.00007454271,0.000105330524,0.00018769597,0.0001488764,0.00026424372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995353,0.000062077466,0.000047422687,0.0002893555,0.00001968292,0.0000461506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008860217,0.00017800588,0.00014354197,0.0000063854404,0.0002888837,0.000030366793,0.00016051796,0.000011092014,0.0001889362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031792974,0.000114326394,0.00013419495,0.000078761084,0.00015338216,0.00006110945,0.00005382533,0.00025868238,0.00029965027],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000050979716,0.0002388658,0.0014220163,0.0000022909535,0.000044135348,7.282965e-8,0.0007161414,0.00002161004,0.000828207,0.9887782,0.00045288703,0.0074904747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023378673,0.000026432575,0.0000466442,0.000017038848,0.000023900346,6.734477e-8,0.00048011763,0.0000664043,0.017677138,0.97890973,0.0023456651,0.0001730905],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013341664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.04144014e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93268496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016883127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001101748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46620953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057277282","doi":"10.1119/1.4849159","title":"Physics Exams that Promote Collaborative Learning","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Summative assessment; Mathematics education; Consistency (knowledge bases); Physics education; Collaborative learning; Computer science; Medical education; Student engagement; Psychology; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010942191170199282,"score_gpt":0.20935436745376187,"score_spread":0.19841217628356259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057277282","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9219204,0.00048776894,0.03005757,0.00009920966,0.0003709421,0.00063054124,0.0000020077612,0.0015341404,0.04489741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99670184,0.000014517219,0.0010745929,0.000020085257,0.0004094727,0.00012594358,0.000008286401,0.00011239712,0.0015328734],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915534,0.00005381695,0.00011253207,0.00015815475,0.00019344412,0.0003267124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995387,0.00004811764,0.00003506494,0.0002916994,0.000030554616,0.00005584549],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009766728,0.00023264524,0.00016779226,0.000012201449,0.00012410012,0.000093385715,0.00023659671,0.00005269086,0.000115766845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011491337,0.00018579717,0.000056140063,0.00024498184,0.00005916719,0.00029719598,0.0000653408,0.0006142948,0.000697206],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026494786,0.000077256445,0.0015494457,0.00004713452,0.00022020751,0.0000017968591,0.017123733,0.74047637,0.18482825,0.0018196802,0.0025038032,0.051349655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005238678,0.00009233614,0.0026672669,0.000091985734,0.000047633577,0.0000039778442,0.002795791,0.70019466,0.27135685,0.003058775,0.018188303,0.0009785446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022274962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.2246717e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.086528584,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000911978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000079681995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8961406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058357773","doi":"10.1119/1.4775536","title":"Measuring the Effectiveness of Simulations in Preparing Students for the Laboratory","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Virtual Laboratory; Work (physics); Mathematics education; Physics education; Virtual lab; Computer lab; Teaching method; Multimedia; Engineering; Psychology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.09720127361750901,"score_gpt":0.41815373531060435,"score_spread":0.3209524616930953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058357773","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941974,0.000037827296,0.00048374504,0.00085687375,0.00018730808,0.000721591,0.0000010650185,0.000009162772,0.00350497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99942344,0.0000025611696,0.0000074123905,0.000049812294,0.00016050808,0.00012402823,2.3880708e-7,0.000003693791,0.0002282913],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886787,0.0006421373,0.000074165764,0.000072163486,0.00022501734,0.00011864901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975473,0.0021086666,0.000046747344,0.0001881071,0.00009465354,0.000014475331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030415992,0.000037522837,0.000051376086,0.000008960089,0.00048871984,0.000058515612,0.00048080675,0.00001576409,0.00003077481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038283394,0.00001860322,0.000026680631,0.00026658663,0.00020572502,0.00012727133,0.000034472083,0.00009002372,0.000009449691],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025149364,0.00043195553,0.5337342,0.000023379605,0.000070206355,1.41975365e-8,0.3537968,0.015161167,0.0043883063,0.0804362,0.00065391517,0.011278698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027794746,0.000012138591,0.9124306,0.000030318388,0.00002276324,1.9319122e-8,0.04135314,0.0028801092,0.0012547227,0.03802771,0.003607426,0.00010310805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023490954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006162945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3786964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040772255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011045139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3758887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060675089","doi":"10.1119/1.3677285","title":"Millikan's Oil-Drop Experiment: A Centennial Setup Revisited in Virtual World","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Saint-Boniface","funders":"","keywords":"Drop (telecommunication); Electric field; Electric charge; Physics; Mechanics; Theoretical physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.014652950626057492,"score_gpt":0.26665767179572086,"score_spread":0.2520047211696634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060675089","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42922246,0.0007793204,0.00087450567,0.00044190878,0.00035878428,0.00026045676,0.000044104927,0.000075553005,0.5679429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99448436,0.000004490607,0.000040034545,0.00014345387,0.0017991532,0.000090560236,0.000039765684,0.000038493792,0.0033597047],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985862,0.00013573682,0.00024030865,0.0002319651,0.00021886753,0.0005869735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993528,0.00007161611,0.00008120163,0.00036144798,0.000023397573,0.00010949771],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017860177,0.00028279066,0.0002940264,0.000028411641,0.00018592432,0.000035934314,0.0002644275,0.000022500988,0.0004538921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026707924,0.0001954412,0.00016656324,0.00032202725,0.00024590458,0.00021687643,0.00024415107,0.00034236166,0.00031390393],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046600075,0.0011872217,0.013551229,0.0000049323507,0.00012913921,5.3490714e-7,0.0069880295,0.000007939854,0.0075749587,0.9630414,0.0013194622,0.0061485176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054264525,0.00023728854,0.0034570922,0.00032673974,0.00027911516,0.0000018538452,0.017354244,0.0014565507,0.10992647,0.8340645,0.02480277,0.0026669698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017527308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013625267,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5652619,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054702035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010034761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79698604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068007490","doi":"10.1119/1.1367794","title":"Transmission through crossed polaroid filters","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Red Deer Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Metre; Optics; Radiation; Transmission (telecommunications); Grating; Physics; Diffraction grating; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.025218409482913467,"score_gpt":0.2481566319757329,"score_spread":0.22293822249281944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068007490","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59626144,0.0027100337,0.27836436,0.0059005623,0.00013751,0.0003247244,0.0000044198814,0.0038226342,0.11247431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967615,0.00051587867,0.002200619,0.00006370892,0.000042170286,0.000014897826,0.00000365409,0.000029445251,0.0003681241],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999535,0.000021374884,0.000099682125,0.000076780634,0.000093420014,0.00017371547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931866,0.00004689111,0.000013037502,0.00059132284,0.000011823612,0.000018271598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005968401,0.000103664264,0.00009036754,0.000008072119,0.000091351925,0.000030298164,0.00045833705,0.000058560883,0.00006284952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007934434,0.00007380974,0.000050495873,0.00016962574,0.00010954945,0.0001254583,0.00004481037,0.00031776095,0.00012089705],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024458042,0.00027512654,0.0005671129,0.000038904775,0.00015386709,0.000003610134,0.0057110144,0.015014937,0.1540887,0.04438282,0.007914952,0.7718245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011564025,0.000080482336,0.003759959,0.00009537815,0.00006003643,0.000011633427,0.0011826074,0.15037431,0.3273053,0.18051796,0.3343488,0.0011071528],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001270734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.4092717e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7707173,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029515582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036231402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30098736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068652665","doi":"10.1119/1.4872408","title":"An Unusual Exponential Graph","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Exponential function; Graph; Mathematics; Function (biology); Combinatorics; Discrete mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.02062481537719853,"score_gpt":0.28986439225460325,"score_spread":0.26923957687740474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068652665","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.024416195,0.000008210588,0.9724036,0.0005264037,0.00025651083,0.000043009353,2.909672e-7,0.00011644866,0.0022293592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8696569,8.994364e-7,0.128925,0.0004069502,0.00081277225,0.000007751753,7.325812e-7,0.0000104311575,0.000178527],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990584,0.00029353457,0.000081089995,0.00020547405,0.00017149282,0.0001899675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991854,0.000060799823,0.00003910992,0.0006295576,0.000018784536,0.000066361135],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042630685,0.00008880828,0.000095148935,0.000010724077,0.00012062223,0.000097681586,0.0008677957,0.000020680322,0.00000743042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010523736,0.000055273595,0.000060481347,0.00020332151,0.000060351475,0.00022757618,0.00011390802,0.00014822088,0.000060274284],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001390252,0.00013208405,0.00006129165,9.3782495e-7,0.000008880543,3.7872383e-7,0.00069861586,0.000044480912,0.0048966752,0.1961601,0.00019857426,0.7977966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002525092,0.000179464,0.0025165093,0.0000039564056,0.000011753302,0.0000024026717,0.00003437255,0.248909,0.009675318,0.73269624,0.0054433225,0.00027516676],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031837568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.591421e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8452408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005367114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007353139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22539917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070664543","doi":"10.1119/1.2783163","title":"Teachers as Actors: The Implications of Acting on Physics Teaching","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Amateur; Mathematics education; Lecture hall; Teaching method; Science education; Interpersonal communication; Psychology; Pedagogy; Sociology; Physics; Political science; Communication","score_opus":0.11849320183005772,"score_gpt":0.45154633262460786,"score_spread":0.3330531307945501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070664543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6524798,0.000009942864,0.0017480206,0.014963706,0.00028655378,0.00020916689,0.0000012417103,0.000054846383,0.33024672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99406666,0.0000044820026,0.00009179154,0.00081648777,0.0014881459,0.000009410127,0.0000016303883,0.000011911064,0.003509468],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858147,0.00038968446,0.00016289228,0.00016516272,0.0003793261,0.00032143676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822265,0.0010118764,0.00018869022,0.00044391069,0.000060983893,0.00007190225],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035995648,0.000097965625,0.00009444363,0.000018187897,0.0015058119,0.000065290355,0.00070684106,0.00004764268,0.000099909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005155459,0.00005981418,0.00009217494,0.0003571468,0.00048213193,0.00017362906,0.000039647068,0.0005600754,0.000086907276],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048062493,0.00019339849,0.004550939,0.0000010250451,0.00001865437,4.0577778e-8,0.35715485,0.000029479765,0.0023564145,0.43910503,0.002111849,0.1944735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027670644,0.000083915314,0.048234295,0.000038904796,0.00008091119,8.876721e-7,0.535709,0.00005890304,0.0070489394,0.17935246,0.22865358,0.00046146457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028430119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027095497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34158686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010298824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021510449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072233973","doi":"10.1119/1.3116835","title":"The Wondrous New World of Modern Particle Astrophysics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Neutrino Physics Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Subatomic particle; Astroparticle physics; Dark matter; Physics; Astronomy; Galaxy; Outer space; Astrobiology; Space (punctuation); Astrophysics; Elementary particle; Cosmology; Nuclear physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.028989163595575306,"score_gpt":0.2967241735168442,"score_spread":0.2677350099212689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072233973","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83890146,0.00026158933,0.04288083,0.004021749,0.0001588099,0.0007944538,0.000022347256,0.000107745225,0.112850994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99145037,0.000002217179,0.00008692681,0.000049395447,0.00096599874,0.000011609274,0.0000052875325,0.000031330652,0.0073968773],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99847543,0.00011103309,0.00024633363,0.00022591204,0.00043232038,0.0005089715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986051,0.00014883968,0.00014703123,0.0009072353,0.000079794976,0.00011200725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019140792,0.00020390344,0.00021670558,0.000013043424,0.00031552446,0.00010304952,0.0007430713,0.000015936545,0.000058504003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013149219,0.00012502496,0.00020666985,0.00046520404,0.00014585593,0.00016538255,0.00012833721,0.00046001747,0.000120220495],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003917921,0.00034392317,0.0011271847,0.0000017976736,0.00008963915,3.1775554e-7,0.000738477,0.0011028263,0.017546672,0.47906047,0.0016051887,0.49834433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007468238,0.0001151149,0.0031473232,0.000018038018,0.00006679917,2.8970578e-7,0.00017373609,0.004908526,0.19722825,0.7898074,0.0034940923,0.00029362217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014588443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000049878367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4980507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026441543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009751773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.509837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072265082","doi":"10.1119/1.4795361","title":"Teaching Assistant Professional Development by and for TAs","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Professional development; Medical education; Quality (philosophy); Teaching assistant; Graduate students; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.06428887810932278,"score_gpt":0.4022894364688497,"score_spread":0.3380005583595269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072265082","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8774747,0.00007512412,0.06044479,0.011160087,0.0005161847,0.0012857631,0.0000062344375,0.00014473681,0.048892338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91800034,8.4587265e-7,0.030291032,0.0005539505,0.0004415754,0.0002500747,0.000008920131,0.000023761891,0.05042947],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852467,0.0006564062,0.00013912108,0.00016257561,0.00024159449,0.00027563935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993407,0.0003325088,0.00008973904,0.000120706274,0.000070317605,0.000046026988],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030383533,0.00010276508,0.000109978944,0.000012135653,0.0013785152,0.000077629564,0.0002181078,0.000048659735,0.00005731537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020930532,0.000067571294,0.000025810867,0.00007719469,0.00020120855,0.00017805008,0.000070688046,0.00033549103,0.000019214545],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010939664,0.0002908998,0.0032281377,0.000018954366,0.000078174504,9.1852414e-8,0.16500033,4.92672e-7,0.01745113,0.30849427,0.09643641,0.40899014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040758293,0.00002769501,0.008491851,0.000041463856,0.000021600796,2.6927094e-7,0.010769388,0.0002293473,0.0020220354,0.13301381,0.8445721,0.000402807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088127423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022830218,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74813575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000969785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011361588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073820054","doi":"10.1119/1.4872409","title":"Why Was Kelvin's Estimate of the Earth's Age Wrong?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Earth (classical element); Work (physics); Function (biology); Exponential function; Physics; Philosophy; Theoretical physics; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Mathematical physics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.009033868900659377,"score_gpt":0.24879452364071403,"score_spread":0.23976065474005465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073820054","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10046948,0.000009378243,0.863149,0.00047733024,0.00020051004,0.0002148584,0.000051045594,0.000026536527,0.035401903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974673,3.572938e-7,0.0013800478,0.00015382389,0.00022976163,0.00001218274,0.000007836079,0.000028148965,0.00072053494],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992158,0.00009795918,0.0001523861,0.00015007665,0.00016401605,0.00021978749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991508,0.00011582669,0.000118117554,0.00054134266,0.000034677196,0.000039240094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014587365,0.00014551962,0.00017864918,0.000005461999,0.00014643313,0.000021726077,0.00037556724,0.00002194118,0.00014738111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000133226995,0.00008182712,0.0001208136,0.00009873336,0.00012457081,0.000044217053,0.0001364275,0.00024102796,0.000024902825],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000053862573,0.000086393215,0.00025299052,0.000005244581,0.00003883638,1.1548809e-7,0.00021709017,0.00082418835,0.002816966,0.9631245,0.00023684115,0.032391444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022231392,0.000026985734,0.00094778766,0.000018531708,0.000047298687,1.5204317e-7,0.00006200413,0.08266691,0.0028945291,0.9089553,0.0040098173,0.00014841072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008678272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000051621237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8969978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000071717864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012104272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33368134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073908690","doi":"10.1119/1.1526618","title":"The Equivalence Principle and the Dynamics of an Accelerated Helium-Filled Balloon","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Classical mechanics; Physics; Complement (music); Reference frame; Equivalence (formal languages); Theoretical physics; Motion (physics); Dynamics (music); Frame of reference; String (physics); Newton's laws of motion; Calculus (dental); Liquid helium; Frame (networking); Helium; Mechanics; Mathematics; Computer science; Quantum mechanics; Pure mathematics","score_opus":0.019981509738408704,"score_gpt":0.26684610708430984,"score_spread":0.24686459734590113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073908690","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77287066,0.00060533936,0.0013903553,0.0022517256,0.00012160115,0.00059199723,0.00003142499,0.00004019621,0.22209668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979904,0.000028618531,0.00002165135,0.00004768053,0.00023050846,0.000046637528,0.000007007599,0.000018022436,0.0016094305],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906945,0.00016758489,0.00018353734,0.00016641399,0.00017635476,0.00023662856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991415,0.00022607482,0.00011266894,0.00043019245,0.00005120792,0.00003832942],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002536202,0.00016805818,0.00019680547,0.0000041324915,0.0005572414,0.00006439976,0.00040213467,0.00001657906,0.00009299122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006002274,0.00007313653,0.00009478662,0.000120933226,0.0011199258,0.00009703295,0.00026364077,0.00022161468,0.00001847445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039938644,0.00018823582,0.0003069575,0.0000030475912,0.000120329976,6.828771e-8,0.0018996933,0.000021412096,0.0005600741,0.9889738,0.00005043304,0.007836043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011011114,0.000066546374,0.0002130265,0.000013726344,0.000077863246,3.1588266e-7,0.002363588,0.060099304,0.0046725497,0.9310307,0.00017664456,0.00018462536],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010930753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036555134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22511977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013545095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005577851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42859066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075129522","doi":"10.1119/1.1355158","title":"Concerning the electromotive force (or emf)","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Collège de Maisonneuve","funders":"","keywords":"Electromotive force; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.025891540193665536,"score_gpt":0.27781981191400607,"score_spread":0.25192827172034055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075129522","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20263703,0.00013473877,0.010087092,0.0015583294,0.000110273,0.00032655068,0.000008007939,0.00006245449,0.7850755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892841,0.000004227014,0.000017590695,0.00021235779,0.001095279,0.00005973466,0.000006738353,0.000024056111,0.0092959115],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913555,0.00009110698,0.00011832771,0.00017470196,0.0001523301,0.00032796292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941444,0.00015467238,0.00006785703,0.00029712502,0.000030426994,0.000035487832],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012057553,0.00017878624,0.00015586062,0.0000040577906,0.0004854575,0.00004800903,0.00032102034,0.0000135164955,0.0004465313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032946373,0.00008198306,0.00012767865,0.00015569481,0.00034582906,0.00008311975,0.0001509075,0.0002951945,0.00017599035],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003903272,0.00014815156,0.0016774129,9.988729e-7,0.0001905566,6.0520114e-7,0.0037814246,0.000022052973,0.0020268694,0.9846934,0.0008196637,0.0065998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028377288,0.000072461575,0.00016795125,0.000010055139,0.000055043372,9.4597345e-7,0.0030281409,0.00042388937,0.009070774,0.98451704,0.00218787,0.0001820494],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009855264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013251678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7866471,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021080301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017362252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48892045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077956282","doi":"10.1119/1.3703557","title":"Another way to experiment with images formed by lenses","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Big Little Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Mathematics education; Computer science; Physics; Computer vision; Psychology","score_opus":0.016349633713818507,"score_gpt":0.2575892308594899,"score_spread":0.24123959714567142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077956282","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13841867,0.00082846533,0.8277479,0.0008898357,0.00005178162,0.00042402273,0.000010718774,0.0009604004,0.030668244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991231,0.0000046755654,0.0067555113,0.00016104456,0.00012670048,0.00019266178,0.000002768885,0.000040108844,0.0014854912],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996386,0.0000052489736,0.000049412065,0.00005790418,0.00006587262,0.00018292456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973416,0.0000075916882,0.000010581927,0.00020819824,0.000010767106,0.000028723],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047619167,0.000090035996,0.00005945337,0.000006155958,0.000057627472,0.000024132274,0.000113959744,0.000014804932,0.000026621774],"category_scores_gemma":[8.871542e-7,0.000055973986,0.000015881724,0.00007075129,0.000025176454,0.00010499128,0.000019612591,0.00007132354,0.000053380736],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007056581,0.00019515373,0.00016545478,0.00002037075,0.00004673985,8.2252676e-8,0.0054212855,0.00011241472,0.7019922,0.0014204916,0.21269195,0.077926785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007155321,0.000017010849,0.00016455413,0.000012027271,0.000013800031,8.954016e-7,0.00012839609,0.00024321546,0.94870454,0.0007151872,0.049758233,0.00017056846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009827987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1320682e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85281235,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023942792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000020228415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22825529},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078092475","doi":"10.1119/1.2834532","title":"Using a Meniscus to Teach Uncertainty in Measurement","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); Measurement uncertainty; Container (type theory); Magnitude (astronomy); Value (mathematics); Connection (principal bundle); Physics education; Meniscus; Computer science; Mathematics; Simulation; Statistics; Mathematics education; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.07491867068945911,"score_gpt":0.2989388606209101,"score_spread":0.22402018993145095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078092475","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79427457,0.00007132448,0.006155754,0.0005237883,0.00009711937,0.00042356752,0.000007789254,0.000035216333,0.19841088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99903387,6.392075e-7,0.00016356836,0.00011574931,0.00040155664,0.00005358455,0.0000023096216,0.000020634436,0.00020809281],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896264,0.00008355594,0.00016338847,0.00021917761,0.00025707486,0.00031417812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956053,0.000021499573,0.00003871498,0.0002710653,0.000044036682,0.00006412479],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020223924,0.00018045207,0.00020117247,0.00001590489,0.0002480221,0.000013880636,0.00020753198,0.000013661092,0.000067489644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000033634333,0.00011917564,0.000097790435,0.00020541273,0.00015072754,0.000057571848,0.0001589862,0.00020681431,0.00008236112],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000064593485,0.0013493901,0.012928683,0.0000055392825,0.00019283584,0.0000023348125,0.01454397,0.0050400104,0.04847871,0.9125966,0.0014068626,0.0033904735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010805365,0.000090809415,0.0011455822,0.000056602137,0.00005498891,0.0000012322397,0.0035060619,0.0026840325,0.02306699,0.9663198,0.001335158,0.00065820717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064124283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003757778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20475931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010387022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033536217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48598415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079731968","doi":"10.1119/1.1616488","title":"The straight-line kinematics of a student, a fun demonstration [<i>Phys. Teach.</i> <b>15</b>, 237 (April 1977)]","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Educational Games and Gamification","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Kinematics; Physics education; Line (geometry); Mathematics education; Physics; Science education; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Geometry","score_opus":0.04708647852706549,"score_gpt":0.3487332851270862,"score_spread":0.3016468066000207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079731968","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8284541,0.00095801346,0.011022055,0.0043303636,0.00088124647,0.00091508206,0.00002031469,0.00007707394,0.1533418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98687243,0.000022235825,0.00038473247,0.00017707239,0.0003739174,0.00010166304,0.00002197036,0.000029100433,0.01201687],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844974,0.0003805972,0.00041177624,0.00022509322,0.00027883518,0.00025395636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983995,0.0003125432,0.00033200448,0.00078144483,0.0001284739,0.000046026526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078111305,0.00017817893,0.00017803964,0.000024904057,0.00021290066,0.00005395465,0.0003955006,0.000070639595,0.00026258433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000500319,0.000108309316,0.00012005936,0.00030044164,0.00020729558,0.00006776575,0.000023964285,0.00030606257,0.00014300359],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029271398,0.0016314748,0.0061878115,0.000017981725,0.00026416196,2.9275293e-7,0.02082128,0.00023274665,0.003910151,0.9412456,0.008919787,0.016739408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040630866,0.0008677288,0.36758402,0.00015967007,0.0011770779,0.000045277477,0.055053793,0.0013629972,0.006942966,0.3661032,0.19496493,0.0016752414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031058742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000105753625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57514244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032136213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006784366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44167256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080071413","doi":"10.1119/1.2150755","title":"Simplifying the Motion of Coupled Oscillators Using the FFT","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund","funders":"Acadia University","keywords":"Simple harmonic motion; Harmonic oscillator; Resonance (particle physics); Antisymmetric relation; Physics; Phase (matter); Harmonic; Oscillation (cell signaling); Motion (physics); Normal mode; Natural frequency; Fast Fourier transform; Spring (device); Classical mechanics; Acoustics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Vibration; Mathematical physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.024129374653768257,"score_gpt":0.28534779538257027,"score_spread":0.261218420728802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080071413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91624093,0.00017533069,0.021819292,0.001342585,0.00011512646,0.00034384677,0.000010011185,0.000026344176,0.05992656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987137,0.0000013392448,0.000059842514,0.0000934346,0.00096103066,0.000013758143,0.000002652897,0.000018111155,0.00013618192],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992453,0.00008268949,0.00016295133,0.00012372421,0.00018360217,0.00020173099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993482,0.00012264868,0.00011538955,0.0003544401,0.000038571867,0.000020731795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020787862,0.00014429503,0.0001462762,0.000004895559,0.0004672976,0.000028244023,0.0002876565,0.000013541758,0.0000791395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000027613437,0.000063304265,0.00014594481,0.0001376649,0.0004245423,0.0000754485,0.00016085208,0.00020178896,0.00002256434],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009024698,0.00017414425,0.002139437,0.0000030945516,0.0001757689,2.1883489e-8,0.0045643086,0.0016553816,0.0157468,0.97099334,0.0001171746,0.0044215056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036714654,0.000024337305,0.0004389602,0.00002106681,0.00016436898,3.1170404e-7,0.0057236864,0.056843262,0.02742748,0.9081799,0.00057231996,0.00023718427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017275715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.0745755e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08247274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021678667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011609469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35941225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081822545","doi":"10.1119/1.3225498","title":"Are Most People Too Dumb for Physics?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; Sobel operator; Mathematics education; Population; Physics; Engineering physics; Theoretical physics; Computer science; Sociology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.11650863205789659,"score_gpt":0.41317346189297993,"score_spread":0.29666482983508335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081822545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5803882,0.00011484053,0.01669969,0.14512554,0.0015784513,0.0011784831,0.000020238787,0.00029562766,0.25459892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797173,0.0000060794996,0.00009716954,0.0027219604,0.0019068574,0.000021381251,0.0000034217476,0.00000621297,0.015519612],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991561,0.00012729222,0.00007624341,0.00015021254,0.00022106293,0.0002690825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993868,0.00014400065,0.00009812429,0.00022377585,0.00007989026,0.00006744129],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006540488,0.000073767675,0.000093081224,0.000007742086,0.00079383556,0.000095259005,0.00036598256,0.00003349995,0.00012990352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017510536,0.000055843222,0.000065841006,0.0003399483,0.00016957699,0.00018187542,0.000011708099,0.00011513263,0.00012316181],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010975639,0.0004180849,0.005221813,0.0000033096335,0.000013024682,1.4063542e-7,0.16089414,0.00006152388,0.00037700788,0.5299789,0.112487935,0.19053319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003754969,0.000048191192,0.059469912,0.000012188271,0.00004017401,3.145494e-7,0.077849485,0.0006044977,0.0005747604,0.4672097,0.3933864,0.0004288896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040836044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033766765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3993291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044960074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014738413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61056215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083093819","doi":"10.1119/1.1564503","title":"Figuring Physics: A Full Solution and a Challenging Problem","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Camosun College","funders":"","keywords":"Figuring; Projectile; Point (geometry); Line-of-sight; Physics; Projection (relational algebra); Line (geometry); Sight; Optics; Computer science; Geometry; Mathematics; Algorithm; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.014537785517891788,"score_gpt":0.23682849371751868,"score_spread":0.2222907081996269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083093819","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09748517,0.0005332196,0.062477082,0.00034888997,0.00010114823,0.0004330159,0.000008757677,0.000097307835,0.8385154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986046,0.0000051815327,0.00030122552,0.000030643765,0.0004622103,0.000065724664,0.0000043524524,0.000026192394,0.0004998457],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915045,0.00007148505,0.00012299856,0.00022669375,0.00012212641,0.00030622864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961257,0.000045317916,0.00005985754,0.00020862435,0.000023360377,0.000050264083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012592011,0.00019504347,0.00017186989,0.0000065966155,0.00037743853,0.000043219927,0.00010064089,0.000016694532,0.0000577272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018212697,0.00013893626,0.0000886891,0.00009203062,0.00018536195,0.00012537953,0.00009503549,0.0002133173,0.000052907224],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005317067,0.00017439388,0.0004867588,0.000008742622,0.00009640916,1.3836895e-7,0.0020681855,0.00003577762,0.004379793,0.9871636,0.00005668687,0.0055242092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030156368,0.00003191589,0.00003382309,0.000024901885,0.00003719828,4.3701522e-7,0.0009619093,0.0007870928,0.008839342,0.9883995,0.00037601308,0.00020628572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000397569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.8499963e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9011195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017966639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009426406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5665656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083747056","doi":"10.1119/1.3246459","title":"What Should We Expect Students to Learn?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Enthusiasm; Physics education; Mathematics education; Sobel operator; Layperson; sort; Relevance (law); Object (grammar); Epistemology; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","score_opus":0.21071284561318895,"score_gpt":0.49316977064128525,"score_spread":0.2824569250280963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083747056","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7762937,0.00013866732,0.00021201614,0.17792535,0.0012740407,0.0002650715,2.5392518e-7,0.00008561781,0.043805297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95620084,0.000078545294,0.000020956317,0.0051679397,0.0010599107,0.000008337837,3.9084992e-7,0.0000042092283,0.037458897],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988103,0.00021582273,0.00007076367,0.00014953913,0.0005134424,0.00024012836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995414,0.00005921485,0.000028495862,0.00022862414,0.000034643934,0.00010761499],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081203564,0.00006491199,0.00006928958,0.000017346836,0.00050329755,0.00033289733,0.0006541841,0.000028630226,0.00047086773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000061755876,0.000046009594,0.000041841977,0.00033517316,0.00009660763,0.00034146543,0.000030540767,0.0001518354,0.000649496],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062222807,0.00031555365,0.0033329849,4.235019e-7,0.000007780551,3.3400735e-7,0.7209804,0.0000322575,0.00034658948,0.028678775,0.0424784,0.20382026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015676311,0.000079446385,0.023366315,0.000021037527,0.000014959872,2.362946e-7,0.314914,0.00001712937,0.00037935702,0.050539944,0.6102408,0.00027002706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036965086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020192483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5677624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055400793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008932867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83481735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084268323","doi":"10.1119/1.2150759","title":"Archimedes' Principle: A Classroom Demonstration with a Twist","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Object (grammar); Statement (logic); Twist; Physics education; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics education; Theoretical physics; Calculus (dental); Mechanics; Computer science; Mathematics; Epistemology; Geometry; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","score_opus":0.010392836361883397,"score_gpt":0.2605609708107728,"score_spread":0.2501681344488894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084268323","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34337693,0.00004480504,0.03550938,0.0011962014,0.00003335588,0.0003102192,0.000011892777,0.00007002799,0.6194472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961955,5.315232e-7,0.0006257773,0.00009201058,0.0010275916,0.00006680254,0.000014799482,0.000022799248,0.001954166],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999228,0.00004599992,0.00012266876,0.0001867105,0.00016899775,0.0002476323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954915,0.000042339525,0.00006234454,0.00026699094,0.00002674811,0.000052406187],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007371308,0.00017462039,0.00014146914,0.000006841773,0.00023261453,0.000059092323,0.00017012736,0.000012788048,0.00011022293],"category_scores_gemma":[9.201051e-7,0.00010178538,0.00007560409,0.00010411821,0.00029869465,0.00017133217,0.00007832369,0.00022200897,0.00013095074],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024234701,0.00034566334,0.004320644,0.0000018719838,0.0001168462,1.544892e-7,0.0011396081,0.000088522334,0.0016297946,0.98034984,0.00014427591,0.011838534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076667254,0.0001146522,0.0010111223,0.000025804575,0.00009156466,9.858624e-7,0.0010321785,0.0017055903,0.022749351,0.9682863,0.0038229178,0.00039286364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036374327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038504486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65281856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023012266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024153342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41506875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086504260","doi":"10.1119/1.4868930","title":"The Physics of Equestrian Show Jumping","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Sports Performance and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Jumping; Kinematics; Conservation of energy; Motion (physics); Simulation; Computer science; Aeronautics; Mathematics; Physics; Engineering; Classical mechanics; Artificial intelligence; Geology","score_opus":0.038776986944177964,"score_gpt":0.2904963556479685,"score_spread":0.2517193687037905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086504260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9642297,0.00008701365,0.0015176226,0.0013997585,0.00015600334,0.00018952538,7.249545e-7,0.00005582007,0.032363832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973621,0.000019044926,0.0000823308,0.00027386937,0.00123942,0.00000807952,0.0000055923465,0.00002142023,0.0009881653],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993467,0.000017359313,0.0001457238,0.00010142577,0.00019301569,0.00019582723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930966,0.000057678502,0.00009818305,0.00045768393,0.00004356788,0.000033221568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041925348,0.000098970784,0.00016803338,0.000006825407,0.00015156076,0.00001341987,0.00014139987,0.000028396242,0.000011514387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015080003,0.000051385166,0.000094534975,0.00011802553,0.00014689704,0.000061506085,0.000034114924,0.0002496681,0.00003072655],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015693254,0.00035655528,0.1521432,0.00009321842,0.00037752648,0.0000025693785,0.010594103,0.00019696352,0.0063041765,0.07182127,0.0024626702,0.75549084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0086952355,0.0013983939,0.55905986,0.0011460199,0.0018401265,0.000045763194,0.006533564,0.07708102,0.090732045,0.13963489,0.11242066,0.0014124173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024977395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017079113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7540784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014364664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003677721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20954263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088675169","doi":"10.1119/1.2783155","title":"The Magnetic Torque Oscillator and the Magnetic Piston","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Magnet; Force between magnets; Magnetism; Physics; Moment of inertia; Magnetic moment; Magnetic energy; Magnetic dipole; Magnetic field; Electron magnetic dipole moment; Proton magnetic moment; Condensed matter physics; Demagnetizing field; Magnetization; Oscillation (cell signaling); Electromagnet; Piston (optics); Electrodynamic suspension; Magnetic reactance; Classical mechanics; Optics; Chemistry; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.002983880646128123,"score_gpt":0.21138672264124964,"score_spread":0.20840284199512152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088675169","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94993097,0.018938892,0.0008563718,0.0027186973,0.00022661113,0.00070744025,0.000002699697,0.0000261058,0.02659219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862234,0.00049090997,0.00007118984,0.00071656087,0.0007612257,0.000043292417,0.0000059885847,0.000034528864,0.011652891],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985681,0.00023669741,0.00020673733,0.0002944819,0.0002117672,0.0004821793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988349,0.00021589448,0.000076057135,0.0007442207,0.000047965223,0.000080928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012136467,0.00022819455,0.00015277526,0.000008745866,0.00047232152,0.00007836919,0.00044066814,0.000098943085,0.000040823066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010217716,0.000109550485,0.00010166989,0.0001103262,0.000953528,0.0000026646744,0.00018378935,0.0002570918,0.000027938047],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017785185,0.00022960856,0.0016869348,0.00006493334,0.0003040516,0.000008757782,0.0033220502,0.000022863822,0.46447033,0.042610828,0.04138825,0.4441129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009984298,0.0060029007,0.03567669,0.000049737886,0.00076170417,0.00023769191,0.0016363189,0.0020732288,0.07781789,0.039586566,0.8243264,0.0018466049],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010543292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009204652,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7829381,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012594887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004042702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44673392},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089215049","doi":"10.1119/1.3293667","title":"Quarter-sheet questions","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Academic Writing and Publishing","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Conversation; Mathematics education; Set (abstract data type); Psychology; History; Computer science; Communication","score_opus":0.026645347877183728,"score_gpt":0.24445123040960187,"score_spread":0.21780588253241814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089215049","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33562434,0.00003044748,0.00015008463,0.008616551,0.0008399048,0.000074568576,0.000012854002,0.00022332194,0.65442795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97740495,8.754624e-7,0.000031360243,0.00044128063,0.0061216983,0.000010264773,0.0000075446414,0.00001381684,0.015968228],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953276,0.0000375379,0.00008674471,0.00009086857,0.000101248384,0.00015082123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960375,0.00006440875,0.000040322597,0.00022264058,0.000038242684,0.000030664265],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028472554,0.00007486306,0.00006405631,0.00000976354,0.00040582917,0.0002469365,0.00024517134,0.00003469399,0.0010108943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003403815,0.00004834731,0.000046934936,0.000019016565,0.00018198475,0.00025506923,0.000028532475,0.00072592974,0.0002751981],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.081579e-7,0.000034518955,0.00015924922,0.0000021662265,0.000009177276,1.6712964e-7,0.033461284,0.00000188537,0.00035119298,0.86651945,0.09469906,0.004760908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009842049,0.000012562145,0.00032123982,0.000010593875,0.000026174865,0.0000018739288,0.004814952,0.00043735423,0.000059326532,0.124369,0.8696866,0.00016192287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037037133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016401391,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7749875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000047477224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000148016115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091880675","doi":"10.1119/1.1324526","title":"A stopwatch-based photogate timer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Stopwatch; Timer; Computer science; Simple (philosophy); Construct (python library); Electronic circuit; Computer hardware; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Microcontroller","score_opus":0.027956797947023597,"score_gpt":0.23511356091139077,"score_spread":0.20715676296436716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091880675","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7046379,0.00022612106,0.16513371,0.0109315505,0.00050271413,0.0007923521,0.0000022792165,0.0019114929,0.1158619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99236745,0.0000014435585,0.00063040986,0.0007256251,0.00009189488,0.000022393995,6.855189e-7,0.000009053912,0.006151037],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921,0.000091579874,0.00009651478,0.00020185167,0.00018873045,0.00021131826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990896,0.000023985369,0.000035828998,0.0008021098,0.000020799122,0.00002765869],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024886066,0.00010413805,0.00009738623,0.00001434335,0.00012926411,0.000033473993,0.00078588823,0.000048932576,0.00018492044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000042530287,0.00006962792,0.000061401246,0.00020953856,0.000073617644,0.00010503825,0.000012885115,0.00018663316,0.0012462507],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007029524,0.0012952822,0.003103133,0.000028442668,0.000306504,0.000029276038,0.007589741,0.0026783922,0.15719867,0.08372,0.045441736,0.69853854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002709889,0.00022258298,0.0034122358,0.00008856839,0.00009616272,0.000024452595,0.00010959599,0.15908425,0.5341539,0.061657224,0.23721524,0.0012259212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044170094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017553524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6973126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020120515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021715834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092372735","doi":"10.1119/1.1516388","title":"Measurement and Analysis of the Field of Disk Magnets","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"Athabasca University","keywords":"Magnet; Field (mathematics); Magnetic field; Physics; Electrical engineering; Chip; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.019194932197917333,"score_gpt":0.21924719514711644,"score_spread":0.2000522629491991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092372735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9633869,0.0007130854,0.0024182836,0.0006277969,0.000040062936,0.00015952483,0.0000032826918,0.00006685101,0.032584235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995778,0.000037247006,0.00012857595,0.000034487904,0.000014868333,0.0000035465223,1.1263736e-7,0.000005869909,0.00019748947],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996229,0.000024630595,0.000100000776,0.000046573005,0.00014413343,0.00006179553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999601,0.00003559217,0.000025994448,0.00030817362,0.000020277368,0.000008963722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009513692,0.000055700686,0.00011262883,0.000016432872,0.000013373866,0.0000031282807,0.00012711748,0.000024906542,0.00014592601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001984729,0.00003314313,0.00006520206,0.00018393656,0.000035953137,0.000012641215,0.000028557353,0.00008789808,6.104077e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023254785,0.00068749813,0.05211435,0.0005936058,0.005025197,0.0000012288897,0.038502853,0.009489493,0.2905815,0.018390255,0.06804571,0.51654506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038554388,0.00019023272,0.1609911,0.00009888278,0.0030111098,7.6792935e-7,0.00025850913,0.37841228,0.4450693,0.008447822,0.00264508,0.0004893859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007709703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020970905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5160557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000058116757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.4183415e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15977874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092538434","doi":"10.1119/1.2798363","title":"Relating the Stored Magnetic Energy of a Parallel-Plate Inductor to the Work of External Forces","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); GRASP; Work (physics); Obstacle; Computer science; Energy (signal processing); Point (geometry); Mathematical model; Electric potential energy; Calculus (dental); Theoretical physics; Simulation; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Engineering; Geometry; Epistemology","score_opus":0.013592398732490994,"score_gpt":0.2498751449172782,"score_spread":0.2362827461847872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092538434","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87494016,0.00052385614,0.028521435,0.0005541446,0.00014990661,0.00029327677,0.000010670752,0.000015128616,0.094991446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983122,0.0000014113832,0.00016943314,0.000068923,0.00053568726,0.000023251121,0.0000017821179,0.000017813301,0.0008694956],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990844,0.0000788353,0.00024758576,0.00013235587,0.00021555407,0.00024127538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991547,0.0002511447,0.000156972,0.0003603649,0.000042105752,0.00003475214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030524566,0.00015131629,0.00019476624,0.0000089306695,0.00019699107,0.00001397783,0.00040407252,0.000017091497,0.00006368266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004844198,0.000069602844,0.0001404855,0.00021483412,0.00033802705,0.000039507733,0.00021222948,0.0001908045,0.000010488301],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006840831,0.00015011521,0.0028038875,0.0000029715266,0.00010281398,1.2302017e-7,0.009430102,0.00021013197,0.011824367,0.96038944,0.0002056619,0.014811953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033021183,0.00013468553,0.0031127937,0.00006470055,0.00008744401,1.8774924e-7,0.0045862272,0.00012388737,0.048185423,0.94273216,0.00044861634,0.00019367482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037551599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003475136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12337206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010347677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009863747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28383216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093371899","doi":"10.1119/1.1367799","title":"Size of the Sun","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Kepler; Southern Hemisphere; Northern Hemisphere; Physics; Astronomy; Mathematics education; Meteorology; Theoretical physics; Planet; Mathematics","score_opus":0.009712872567253396,"score_gpt":0.21536419080646763,"score_spread":0.20565131823921423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093371899","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6943507,0.00017538053,0.0031727047,0.002079606,0.00034229143,0.00021116888,0.0000072723724,0.000026130878,0.2996347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854738,0.0000017502709,0.000026655267,0.000024820902,0.00039760736,0.0000084867115,5.6878105e-7,0.0000075458215,0.014058765],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954253,0.00004689856,0.000103617705,0.00008029594,0.00009185282,0.00013482886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999569,0.00006460505,0.00006927347,0.00025822408,0.000022003165,0.000016884998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006451084,0.00008338259,0.00010736978,0.0000024963535,0.00018803621,0.0000048481506,0.00022344914,0.000015031657,0.00023336906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031517461,0.000039433722,0.00013533037,0.00014237074,0.00012972929,0.000027411268,0.00007666173,0.00021098115,0.000048594207],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005511639,0.0016323691,0.517835,0.000011869468,0.0012766421,6.3301513e-7,0.014069495,0.0011853941,0.002802639,0.24835552,0.034071,0.17870432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018401027,0.000110031055,0.10213236,0.000081053855,0.0005720848,0.0000013331824,0.003989018,0.0006056232,0.01012892,0.2144767,0.6652305,0.0008322345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012712013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.5670655e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63115954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012674736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000148118725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25552276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093418238","doi":"10.1119/1.2981284","title":"A Cool Sport Full of Physics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Ice hockey; Physics education; Physics; Mathematics education; Engineering; Psychology","score_opus":0.027244740065712272,"score_gpt":0.26740032325550933,"score_spread":0.24015558318979707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093418238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98500866,0.00006356388,0.0005927124,0.0002541454,0.00009181002,0.00014033154,0.0000036532879,0.000032529704,0.013812595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930325,0.000037273254,0.00014837531,0.00026528616,0.00084490585,0.0000061760315,0.000010653659,0.000019664343,0.0056351614],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999395,0.000005018065,0.00015992134,0.00010309278,0.00019047518,0.0001464891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993687,0.0000069823723,0.00009270468,0.00043526664,0.000056792956,0.00003952265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082265644,0.000102651196,0.0002251454,0.000007506337,0.00006156409,0.00000210057,0.00011072128,0.000028281092,0.00012046452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002610254,0.00006503939,0.00011271078,0.00011559825,0.00018468699,0.000055605407,0.00003761197,0.00020277208,0.00005484375],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0036510425,0.0041651665,0.6749876,0.0005072475,0.0010749116,0.00015578975,0.051385194,0.00027123943,0.015633358,0.026714548,0.11952712,0.10192677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0070607364,0.0021889198,0.6096093,0.0005152342,0.00092597393,0.0005983424,0.0014185727,0.0053952835,0.14931144,0.006348086,0.21538438,0.0012437135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053931686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.940574e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13367808,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014382888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051334857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26522294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094417377","doi":"10.1119/1.1542041","title":"A Background to Background Radiation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Background radiation; Radiation; Geiger counter; Physics; Particle detector; Nuclear physics; Absorption (acoustics); Optics","score_opus":0.02442939105291298,"score_gpt":0.2862391148176843,"score_spread":0.26180972376477135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094417377","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24807651,0.000072909264,0.016101219,0.00038688557,0.00017871593,0.0002650859,0.000008712662,0.00003700188,0.73487294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99650115,7.740351e-7,0.00017279026,0.00024581264,0.0005795085,0.00006433888,0.0000089269715,0.000025605532,0.002401091],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991312,0.00009451228,0.00013109668,0.00020863883,0.00015378396,0.00028078488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994772,0.00006364297,0.000043248965,0.0003085539,0.000028100832,0.00007927121],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013865244,0.00017627339,0.0001556378,0.000009591551,0.00025096314,0.00006173657,0.0001681258,0.000015195105,0.00053379644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022922438,0.00012201386,0.00010821009,0.00018928347,0.00010728941,0.00010402335,0.00006792471,0.00015363072,0.00086048985],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006140384,0.00019357596,0.0008515171,0.0000013886095,0.00007880861,9.514688e-8,0.0009891787,0.00002711729,0.0014642015,0.9915754,0.0015982625,0.0032143116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002776297,0.000040708313,0.00027907136,0.000005909712,0.000031989435,1.7268943e-7,0.0022646352,0.000042626947,0.011502443,0.9762389,0.009086942,0.00022896046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000695371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.7233155e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74842465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003363094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016175789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095518229","doi":"10.1119/1.3685117","title":"Maximum Aerodynamic Force on an Ascending Space Vehicle","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Space Shuttle; Spacecraft; Aerodynamics; Aerospace engineering; Thrust; Acceleration; Space vehicle; Aeronautics; Dynamic pressure; Bandwidth throttling; Physics; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.014150501013440089,"score_gpt":0.2724252141867537,"score_spread":0.25827471317331363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095518229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65109825,0.000039304105,0.0018616231,0.00024091406,0.00016847879,0.00014168436,0.000008804632,0.000053192965,0.34638777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969329,5.750978e-7,0.000054006145,0.00010038008,0.00152036,0.000030735682,0.000016655267,0.000037145084,0.0013072364],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902344,0.00008489724,0.00010463656,0.00017639528,0.00016842985,0.00044220223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993964,0.000056689612,0.0000557436,0.00037368346,0.000015324153,0.00010215169],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015132029,0.00020205174,0.00015989292,0.000008756141,0.0003074078,0.00003471398,0.00021915064,0.000018938375,0.00016224328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015175925,0.00013541931,0.00011154629,0.00009794382,0.00015570883,0.00022556698,0.000117675605,0.00025298164,0.00037858376],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015255881,0.00057896436,0.006733196,0.0000020226946,0.00007106001,7.073594e-8,0.0020345093,0.00003398311,0.00840986,0.9783709,0.00017577164,0.0035743993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003178924,0.00008251728,0.0021062526,0.000013641578,0.00004516025,1.5088295e-7,0.0019193131,0.0006905478,0.01917335,0.97507846,0.00026721644,0.00030546746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000066980516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.8136602e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34583467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032864584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005503206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5522239},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104997749","doi":"10.1119/1.3098203","title":"Nanomagnetism: A Case History of Nanoscience and Technology","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Magnetic properties of thin films","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Planet; Natural (archaeology); Engineering; Physics; History; Astronomy","score_opus":0.011505819951291553,"score_gpt":0.20941057310959124,"score_spread":0.1979047531582997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2104997749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9331002,0.0011272972,0.00054274325,0.0019150883,0.00014195504,0.00018718494,0.0000038739886,0.000044115848,0.06293752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98904866,0.0000015091957,0.0004769601,0.00007004496,0.000067646455,0.0000068922855,5.063283e-7,0.0000063350935,0.010321432],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946994,0.000026252672,0.00011433506,0.00014939815,0.00008460184,0.0001554971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994935,0.000013024009,0.00007746646,0.00035569258,0.000031913452,0.000028401404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010773192,0.00009712982,0.00012672298,0.000022976092,0.00005349609,0.0000073735964,0.00023465046,0.000024064704,0.0001678908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000056223507,0.00006772824,0.00002988854,0.000104728875,0.0003662264,0.00006486734,0.00008152411,0.00014276283,0.000009418892],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017573884,0.000480967,0.0026517867,0.000013257985,0.000037062648,0.00002356922,0.0049395734,0.000010024401,0.1252353,0.18404385,0.016120942,0.66642606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032549375,0.002524777,0.003574518,0.00014689165,0.00041267063,0.00047512157,0.0051126336,0.012677109,0.08144726,0.7659571,0.12238399,0.0020329866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021680673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.281554e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66439307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021887827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050174523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27618772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114283753","doi":"10.1119/1.2895678","title":"Clickers or Flashcards: Is There Really a Difference?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Peer instruction; Mobile device; Worksheet; Mathematics education; Computer science; Multimedia; Psychology; World Wide Web; Peer learning","score_opus":0.1418598024807981,"score_gpt":0.39719507397298315,"score_spread":0.25533527149218505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114283753","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7469392,0.000037217524,0.004259963,0.0039399704,0.00020553978,0.00027141697,0.000005259545,0.00019798352,0.24414349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9402927,0.00005337734,0.001962091,0.0009706054,0.00093945296,0.000024589917,0.0000017516066,0.00003066656,0.05572472],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99742895,0.0012360108,0.0001753068,0.00024312604,0.0005058597,0.00041071532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989367,0.00030626083,0.0001228658,0.00045988083,0.00011078136,0.00006350586],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016124295,0.00016746034,0.00020995204,0.000022187565,0.0011461463,0.000043806904,0.00065131753,0.000091665795,0.00040101365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028722693,0.00010050741,0.00010660184,0.0005219259,0.0008243613,0.000119104385,0.00008558237,0.0005331022,0.0001882901],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009810264,0.00036187255,0.040390823,0.000010824867,0.00022174223,0.000018281695,0.6244309,0.0000030192523,0.0016678347,0.16942608,0.041339613,0.12203089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015684882,0.00029900012,0.30982825,0.000119343116,0.00016739714,0.00001558164,0.041219838,0.00029236206,0.003169207,0.2686569,0.37289703,0.0017665952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024630318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001922228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58321106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012580972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029342275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8815347},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138303519","doi":"10.1119/1.2971218","title":"The Egg Joust","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Diverse Educational Innovations Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Witness; Evening; Competition (biology); Mathematics education; Engineering; Visual arts; Ecology; Art; Physics; Psychology; Political science; Law; Biology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.0789964603440125,"score_gpt":0.24814956897295706,"score_spread":0.16915310862894456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138303519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9541499,0.00007500729,0.000002124463,0.015962407,0.00013226105,0.000063978645,0.0000032126238,0.00002718328,0.029583924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868276,0.000032309894,0.000009447288,0.00027482116,0.00066756795,0.000013872441,0.00000488571,3.323259e-7,0.012169164],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964607,0.000026862204,0.000054437667,0.000062781626,0.00010993835,0.00009989782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969643,0.0001560272,0.00002982818,0.00004792193,0.000059960206,0.0000098006785],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010389135,0.000045445762,0.000033771525,7.757057e-7,0.0010984647,0.000022215363,0.00020978859,0.000009827991,0.00008000353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024840161,0.000009822256,0.000029853374,0.00020060453,0.00016453263,0.000040480645,0.000052497577,0.00007661909,0.00023032115],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000144507585,0.00048348607,0.040860068,0.0000011014454,0.0001357475,0.0000011404491,0.0042338874,0.000024262337,0.018235095,0.209246,0.572335,0.15442976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000042376185,0.00002720821,0.56667113,0.000002132129,0.000009691634,0.0000037458215,0.002846069,0.000026578477,0.00041418304,0.021450331,0.40838474,0.000121828976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000085368694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002708844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5258111,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001114872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000054341185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8448614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145443456","doi":"10.1119/1.4862110","title":"The Singing Rod (in the Modern Age)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Singing; Resonance (particle physics); Acoustics; Sound (geography); Software; Coupling (piping); Computer science; Mathematics education; Physics; Psychology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Quantum mechanics; Programming language","score_opus":0.011482020694729873,"score_gpt":0.2494887591621594,"score_spread":0.23800673846742953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145443456","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12544641,0.00016098772,0.0132081695,0.003355802,0.00014540082,0.00029687834,0.0000030366334,0.000035400928,0.8573479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99799275,0.0000013437185,0.000016905647,0.00019784409,0.0008429628,0.000050405004,0.000003536804,0.000017733717,0.00087650254],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990567,0.00019213551,0.00012521395,0.00015040206,0.00017799901,0.00029755282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917555,0.0003124286,0.00004872133,0.00043010546,0.000013401001,0.000019774063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004175831,0.0001511091,0.0001239496,0.0000042318356,0.000565858,0.00010540014,0.00047489375,0.000011450718,0.0000128853235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004530766,0.00006472767,0.00011352109,0.0001067991,0.00030524554,0.000053810196,0.00013348654,0.00029648363,0.00006712343],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005043708,0.00011968227,0.00045643322,0.0000010399611,0.00003707481,1.3806141e-7,0.005640147,0.00009648391,0.00054767105,0.97165483,0.0003202768,0.02112117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014692424,0.000013947295,0.00022263931,0.0000073858882,0.000017335524,9.2288836e-8,0.0013218572,0.0032542585,0.0007267015,0.99275744,0.0014268454,0.000104572384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000110675704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002907425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8725464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011942264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000057624097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43521792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168447807","doi":"10.1119/1.4928349","title":"Comparative Cognitive Task Analyses of Experimental Science and Instructional Laboratory Courses","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Task (project management); Mathematics education; Cognition; Science education; Physics education; Psychology; Engineering","score_opus":0.29951891044064366,"score_gpt":0.5143481347728258,"score_spread":0.21482922433218216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2168447807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9711756,0.00017103748,0.000036547277,0.00045329728,0.00020047135,0.000077257115,0.00000655312,0.00001056253,0.02786866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99943376,0.0000031389268,0.00006705116,0.00010311918,0.00020287407,0.000006116743,8.345613e-7,0.0000016660708,0.00018141889],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990178,0.0001748401,0.00006697066,0.00011637673,0.00050917285,0.00011483619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991821,0.00009638884,0.00006893358,0.00006756078,0.00049154804,0.00009348332],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009468573,0.00004725433,0.00008067447,0.000029156878,0.0004282472,0.00004431264,0.00017352114,0.000013577465,0.000048010323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018787662,0.000034250897,0.000011911673,0.0005642168,0.0038827441,0.00031233646,0.000033003915,0.00007183468,0.0000112556745],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003805589,0.00049034733,0.013917027,0.0000015453016,0.00004479173,2.060801e-7,0.7916009,0.000020755928,0.051191647,0.13462432,0.0040524877,0.0040179254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000342972,0.00006619425,0.015338135,0.000009828775,0.000028311262,6.4194876e-7,0.89221233,0.00018572088,0.08240854,0.004673424,0.0045788293,0.00015505405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00077767775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004212077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12995088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000601079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012797085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988281},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169018431","doi":"10.1119/1.3081302","title":"Instructor-Designed Tutorials—Meeting the Needs of Our Students","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Key (lock); Multimedia; Generator (circuit theory); Remedial education; Online learning; Physics education; Mathematics education; Psychology; Physics","score_opus":0.0645605608825189,"score_gpt":0.4209409508573602,"score_spread":0.35638038997484134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169018431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94785684,0.00003263815,0.000040207804,0.007110629,0.00054359186,0.00016046624,8.553516e-7,0.000021227881,0.04423356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99308753,0.00000924039,0.000038794242,0.00019612274,0.0030284645,0.000005030308,0.00000148042,0.0000047662757,0.0036285953],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892217,0.00032181802,0.0001245417,0.00005765829,0.00042197882,0.00015184238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995056,0.00012294734,0.0001157508,0.00016490198,0.000065272725,0.000025549165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010613207,0.00006519452,0.00009033061,0.000012031227,0.0003704524,0.000055862034,0.0005370771,0.000030321084,0.000030659263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045615398,0.00003833118,0.00005353576,0.00023211972,0.00007380489,0.00008968179,0.00002621059,0.00011422272,0.000015992071],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022885162,0.00047567443,0.055902842,0.000003721414,0.00008746462,1.2317703e-7,0.42586973,0.000034505156,0.0038786924,0.48262626,0.006678344,0.02441976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007089408,0.00013743952,0.17683993,0.000046202946,0.00016008223,3.0845572e-7,0.495598,0.000019300063,0.001392264,0.29359618,0.031081362,0.0004199953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007962744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000047150992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18903008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003728488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014885333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2849258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2176464056","doi":"10.1119/1.4935760","title":"Remembering the <i>S. S. Edmund Fitzgerald</i>","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ballad; Lyrics; Context (archaeology); Headline; History; Art history; Tragedy (event); Event (particle physics); Classics; Art; Literature; Archaeology; Philosophy; Poetry","score_opus":0.07865164876212041,"score_gpt":0.259756050220008,"score_spread":0.18110440145788756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2176464056","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9216249,0.0005369273,0.00028561818,0.008163371,0.00023109061,0.00015324188,0.0000063571097,0.00006033639,0.06893816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967885,0.000010929353,0.000065622175,0.00048618484,0.0008103617,0.0000016703883,0.0000077976465,0.000003452571,0.0018254779],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990229,0.00013013197,0.00009392153,0.00012783366,0.0003335745,0.0002916419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942505,0.00010713134,0.000021677177,0.000299493,0.000026261694,0.000120387725],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022741508,0.00008782767,0.00008348149,0.000004944535,0.00020192348,0.000087771834,0.00044448156,0.000027101909,0.00050887174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035731056,0.00003749677,0.000055141383,0.00016304453,0.00017687822,0.00010487013,0.000036074453,0.00034057078,0.0011807865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013872019,0.00008793826,0.6226002,0.00001313022,0.00005951727,0.000012665416,0.0022983924,0.005851574,0.00018087712,0.007197833,0.05015289,0.31140622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004890811,0.00016244639,0.6207186,0.000009058541,0.00002906662,0.000012730597,0.0004854078,0.016093249,0.0002485535,0.08958737,0.27184573,0.00031869917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043161474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010052074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31108755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000042302095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002991693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995969},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178599313","doi":"10.1119/1.4935771","title":"Simulating Gravity: Dark Matter and Gravitational Lensing in the Classroom","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Science World at Telus World of Science; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Dark matter; Physics; Gravitation; Gravitational lens; Astronomy; Weak gravitational lensing; Universe; Theoretical physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy","score_opus":0.027986005995901928,"score_gpt":0.2856959269508745,"score_spread":0.2577099209549725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178599313","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84914976,0.00005554716,0.00083638466,0.0010816351,0.000041677085,0.0001427618,0.000005537044,0.0000088948,0.14867777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991018,1.1352392e-7,0.00010203214,0.00031208034,0.00033324788,0.000014525862,0.0000113339365,0.000012247451,0.00011259731],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929595,0.00011743282,0.00011281593,0.00013618659,0.00016410013,0.000173495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959075,0.00015395292,0.000042920194,0.00015913113,0.000024828385,0.000028433404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023899625,0.00012137102,0.00011729211,0.0000074208283,0.00015506169,0.000058072957,0.000121384306,0.000011373209,0.00001003596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003509883,0.00006845362,0.00004326511,0.00009429506,0.00020500459,0.000091083915,0.000100299054,0.00020884958,0.00004244198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011802904,0.00017320922,0.113873154,0.0000027357707,0.00004274215,3.1440425e-7,0.014048714,0.000120454395,0.00039684752,0.86744165,0.0009680061,0.0029203726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026847902,0.00001359744,0.003922842,0.000009024847,0.000015928501,2.7667798e-7,0.008590651,0.00039312264,0.0001150287,0.9864983,0.00007250304,0.000100250705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016270403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015005393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14995204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012676374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000101037895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27914575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2274209717","doi":"10.1119/1.4942141","title":"Dealing with the Ambiguities of Science Inquiry","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Conceptualization; Science education; Contextual inquiry; Meaning (existential); Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Argument (complex analysis); Nature of Science; Epistemology; Concept learning; Conceptual change; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Computer science; Knowledge management; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.13044138996893243,"score_gpt":0.4040111695668196,"score_spread":0.2735697795978872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2274209717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92361397,0.000020291573,0.0012385083,0.023839036,0.00025857854,0.00008162032,4.975279e-7,0.000019906774,0.050927572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99534,0.00000967604,0.00003388966,0.00021155432,0.00043087587,0.000004999338,3.2271846e-8,0.0000028978534,0.003966113],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917954,0.00010840537,0.00005354332,0.00009193318,0.00039243078,0.00017416727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993791,0.00020879558,0.00006298116,0.0002161753,0.00009982284,0.000033138298],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018446193,0.000038964226,0.000044462333,0.0000140063685,0.0008940231,0.000037674083,0.0005828692,0.000010359276,0.00012231397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011345739,0.000014393609,0.000017818491,0.00033618786,0.0069304854,0.00019334702,0.00003302855,0.000056036228,0.000024848474],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004124002,0.000026539175,0.0026633944,7.8426734e-7,0.0000045315496,3.7368135e-8,0.32065338,0.000006426285,0.004010542,0.6319411,0.00092465186,0.039764527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034933738,0.00008912397,0.030961726,0.000068183625,0.00003805338,0.0000011185591,0.75632215,0.000035304394,0.018704709,0.097598426,0.09548239,0.00034949504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007833241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018694054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53434265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002779512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035485302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99577206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2299219723","doi":"10.1119/1.4944359","title":"Indoor Microgravity Survey","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Gravitational acceleration; Measure (data warehouse); Acceleration; Stopwatch; Physics; Gravitational field; Pendulum; Simulation; Geodesy; Computer science; Classical mechanics; Geology","score_opus":0.01898330913707749,"score_gpt":0.26380301532994077,"score_spread":0.24481970619286328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2299219723","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71979326,0.00006868742,0.010268975,0.0009575008,0.0001913402,0.00025007981,0.00013023209,0.00007062483,0.2682693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99724305,0.0000011399151,0.000024748722,0.000056532746,0.0005023663,0.000027268305,0.00000963534,0.000019367368,0.0021158794],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999222,0.00012589419,0.00010836235,0.0001774919,0.00011434127,0.00025190972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993992,0.00016209697,0.0000496696,0.00030580198,0.000036708494,0.00004651242],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001897708,0.0001511154,0.00014745645,0.0000048644,0.00016962907,0.000022595046,0.00023298243,0.0000139388485,0.00030594907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000042150837,0.000070327005,0.000107046406,0.000095565185,0.00033274599,0.00007220525,0.00016253494,0.00010544613,0.00046143922],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021361207,0.00031960328,0.10159537,0.0000010911375,0.00014476843,1.2158516e-7,0.00039181174,1.9717845e-7,0.015386117,0.856131,0.0022791298,0.023729434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034802136,0.000021980755,0.011742002,0.000009375739,0.000017400396,9.2534385e-8,0.00010077952,0.0000036014974,0.033228513,0.9537658,0.0005831005,0.00017935045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029674228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002279993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27744982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014649606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010522342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59310216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2339500056","doi":"10.1119/1.4947161","title":"Group Work Tests for Context-Rich Problems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Group work; Test (biology); Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Work (physics); Test anxiety; Group (periodic table); Psychology; Continuation; Computer science; Anxiety; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.12128152298427339,"score_gpt":0.39111691493524287,"score_spread":0.2698353919509695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2339500056","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51199013,0.000142527,0.3654906,0.023235198,0.0010081987,0.002226121,0.00001410171,0.00053967163,0.095353484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98012173,0.0000029344944,0.0036916106,0.00033303318,0.0011614832,0.00013995726,0.0000011886347,0.000028966986,0.014519076],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835193,0.0006774524,0.00014629916,0.0002003727,0.00024195181,0.0003820187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842197,0.0010139875,0.00011790761,0.0002878939,0.00011815206,0.000040067847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035113222,0.00011904161,0.00014414209,0.000016097249,0.00057139376,0.00004711584,0.00044665913,0.00006190816,0.00005905373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063984696,0.000063724794,0.0000702901,0.00036932825,0.0003975377,0.00016752444,0.000052662363,0.00016901054,0.000079228346],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017401682,0.000119712575,0.009074109,0.0000045385486,0.000040687846,1.1212037e-7,0.025450401,5.7603484e-7,0.0066399705,0.64284205,0.008926617,0.3068838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008766445,0.000087459994,0.008486846,0.000105518004,0.00004392428,2.0468755e-7,0.0020532918,0.0000066891344,0.0013671736,0.6932856,0.29324326,0.00044337593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000211111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010116011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46813163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012523796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005414408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43947566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W252403468","doi":"10.1119/1.4818388","title":"<b> <i>Ontario section (OAPT) newsletter</i> </b> <b>www.oapt.ca/newsletter/</b>","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Legal case studies and regulations","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Section (typography); Library science; Physics; Computer science; Operating system","score_opus":0.021656015437596876,"score_gpt":0.2573239029165431,"score_spread":0.23566788747894624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W252403468","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5290374,0.000084766936,0.0014950926,0.058214463,0.0013453885,0.0008046426,0.0000037092482,0.0001992268,0.4088153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8987144,0.000011671095,0.00009385841,0.0031316895,0.004237335,0.00008673304,0.000007534802,0.000024362274,0.093692414],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985,0.00020219244,0.00019043541,0.00024875748,0.00039758763,0.0004610276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924487,0.00007874374,0.00010307913,0.00037103688,0.00010613074,0.00009614991],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030037377,0.00017853406,0.00017502056,0.000019704057,0.0014729336,0.0001994355,0.0003051361,0.000092241455,0.0020913319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016701351,0.00012235156,0.0001672902,0.0002641977,0.00039511407,0.0004313272,0.00010130597,0.00042528164,0.0017646898],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000117385525,0.00023388716,0.0065798135,0.000008067852,0.00014608426,0.0000031065674,0.09652504,0.00013371187,0.0023676888,0.025839599,0.8480541,0.020097155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024518577,0.000021269789,0.010162004,0.000009229665,0.00005929837,0.0000012834552,0.0028277992,0.00010934067,0.0000654651,0.011289264,0.97494376,0.00026607967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2564435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.083350524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36967698,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026943715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000106552005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2533804717","doi":"10.1119/1.4965264","title":"Reversing the AAPT Photo Contest: A Physics Teacher Education Activity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"CONTEST; Physics education; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Science education; Physics; Psychology","score_opus":0.09247485836271495,"score_gpt":0.39159006389911716,"score_spread":0.2991152055364022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2533804717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73748124,0.000067211564,0.0035773797,0.07039126,0.0014368313,0.0005452966,0.0000032773153,0.000114109826,0.18638341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95794,0.000020467169,0.000033720975,0.0008497098,0.0026902694,0.000040102565,6.69682e-7,0.000012471558,0.038412582],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982971,0.00067998207,0.00009795667,0.00022394738,0.00038157796,0.00031942522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988195,0.0003983777,0.00013136145,0.00045800346,0.00010784668,0.00008491523],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014009628,0.0001176021,0.0001040743,0.000012054357,0.001353499,0.00011220139,0.0005687537,0.00005190977,0.00053892226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029975438,0.000059152193,0.00008879883,0.00032843495,0.0007011962,0.00043174205,0.00004740369,0.00024265934,0.00031190022],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018579194,0.0006755221,0.0074593592,0.0000029968198,0.000024126895,9.458451e-8,0.12772499,0.0000022841823,0.008245561,0.07280294,0.037928123,0.7451154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006196825,0.000056578334,0.03661665,0.0001148528,0.00012121958,0.0000021250169,0.08977403,0.00018170256,0.006546109,0.12459423,0.7405981,0.0007747344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035847279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043277643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7443407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020123766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068019127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2565782473","doi":"10.1119/1.5021434","title":"Reflective Writing for a Better Understanding of Scientific Concepts in High School","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Workload; Reflective writing; Subject (documents); Science class; Computer science; Science education; Pedagogy; Psychology; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.11664388740639035,"score_gpt":0.4117370090928941,"score_spread":0.29509312168650376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2565782473","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9519919,0.00001071104,0.007827965,0.0069192834,0.0004511883,0.00030240606,0.0000018649083,0.000025842955,0.032468837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966783,5.7284944e-7,0.0016074834,0.0003902947,0.00042040687,0.000019784024,0.000001404424,0.0000054554944,0.0008762964],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992898,0.00011634832,0.00011054311,0.00011854575,0.00018200609,0.00018277265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995564,0.0001744367,0.00003989011,0.000095047675,0.00010119157,0.000033038763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011831381,0.00004280966,0.00007076877,0.000022572307,0.0004721361,0.00006742991,0.00014955775,0.000026646536,0.000104504965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020245711,0.000034190987,0.000026383972,0.0002779772,0.0007315008,0.00008489387,0.000021179121,0.00009034431,0.000017790448],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008940993,0.0000878811,0.0070540262,0.0000066967395,0.000013551576,5.4773338e-8,0.1060525,5.187211e-7,0.0008671696,0.88145524,0.0017206145,0.0027327882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019723938,0.000018553788,0.0029301324,0.00006227844,0.000007777525,2.8192979e-8,0.03256899,0.000024330024,0.0015844469,0.961196,0.0013287206,0.00008148992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014021235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014981428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.079740755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022525349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001770641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3631337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2747705596","doi":"10.1119/1.4999734","title":"Living Ethnoastronomy: Discovering the Connectedness of the Human Spirit Beneath the Night Sky","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Constellation; Social connectedness; Work (physics); Sociology; Media studies; History; Political science; Psychology; Astronomy; Engineering","score_opus":0.10318786655261067,"score_gpt":0.4058350133109907,"score_spread":0.30264714675838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2747705596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93781495,0.000028026923,0.00014157589,0.020833636,0.0006572863,0.00022295359,0.0000020631942,0.000014500418,0.040284988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929961,0.0000034182333,0.00000495763,0.00021548803,0.0007984725,0.000018530216,2.695872e-7,0.000007822512,0.0059549236],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879986,0.00037663124,0.00011812072,0.00013872754,0.00032087942,0.0002457954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983291,0.00034976893,0.00024303964,0.0009968622,0.000049838596,0.000031360625],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017998368,0.00008886203,0.00009400688,0.0000057994316,0.0059346664,0.00030920855,0.0023305381,0.00003130177,0.00018341932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024491563,0.000035938254,0.000101172176,0.00011636878,0.0017028131,0.00022625933,0.00027830843,0.00031205322,0.000016253116],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015881699,0.00011031751,0.11204113,0.0000031248994,0.00003655428,8.260668e-8,0.45078465,0.000085556894,0.00072325213,0.42426932,0.0011340827,0.010810326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012200453,0.000016238246,0.7807416,0.000063420586,0.000063644424,5.3602884e-7,0.15007687,0.00013284461,0.0006849439,0.026498716,0.041385405,0.0002138415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008804921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041199857,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6687004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000412527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021746341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779818430","doi":"10.1119/1.5018687","title":"Using Psychology in the Physics Classroom: Five Steps to Improving Classroom Effectiveness","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Psychology; Mathematics education; Physics education; Style (visual arts); Pedagogy; Social psychology; Visual arts; Art","score_opus":0.18117212541545963,"score_gpt":0.4851508928197292,"score_spread":0.30397876740426955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2779818430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.848812,0.000014892258,0.10945797,0.0031002404,0.0006752751,0.00090039696,0.000004641865,0.00006212233,0.036972467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930198,0.0000012518061,0.0041947975,0.0007911547,0.0015104332,0.00006136385,0.0000012910762,0.000039419374,0.00038047103],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9936077,0.004596958,0.00022725647,0.00042589198,0.00045828332,0.0006839256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974293,0.00083545427,0.00032031978,0.0012302307,0.00013025833,0.000054414642],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009453644,0.00023908861,0.0003148382,0.00003770442,0.0022754867,0.0003005686,0.0019194387,0.00013348363,0.000010040095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010042654,0.00016074486,0.000114537506,0.00042790227,0.00067883095,0.00039867795,0.0002808948,0.0010373006,0.000047257425],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017940265,0.0007839246,0.06686836,0.000044848453,0.00015314398,0.000014226644,0.2207186,0.0007289867,0.05373017,0.2952315,0.0009863036,0.3605605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022870246,0.0002801434,0.3912435,0.00024224902,0.00019674687,0.0000045272295,0.021695958,0.004468591,0.003949773,0.5651631,0.008961976,0.0015064563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005669727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00055170193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35905406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031097655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015935543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99902344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799716169","doi":"10.1119/1.5033879","title":"Promoting Reflective Physics Teaching Through the Use of Collaborative Learning Annotation System","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; Mathematics education; Reflection (computer programming); Educational technology; Higher-order thinking; Teaching method; Task (project management); Critical thinking; Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Engineering; Cognitively Guided Instruction","score_opus":0.12560935912349414,"score_gpt":0.4153935433784074,"score_spread":0.28978418425491326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2799716169","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66072464,0.000047604204,0.27952966,0.0005496954,0.00060574745,0.00066334836,0.0000070661135,0.00029416263,0.057578057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988483,3.9451223e-7,0.006971203,0.00015398863,0.0015189828,0.000055313387,0.000010003001,0.00006635422,0.0027407706],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9910132,0.0075963726,0.00036443328,0.0003642812,0.0002966534,0.00036505115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997079,0.0011263468,0.00071107317,0.0005736964,0.0004897372,0.000020130472],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031495988,0.00025571353,0.00031301563,0.00002520125,0.0012404451,0.00008239245,0.00033890363,0.00009408,0.000022950404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005956622,0.0001549962,0.000094965806,0.00075375615,0.0005067331,0.0002860661,0.00009457566,0.0017265929,0.00007659252],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013069468,0.0002096347,0.0021976186,0.000027954682,0.0004128425,0.0000011478115,0.72686565,0.0007252714,0.008960852,0.18798311,0.0014124487,0.07107277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006135703,0.0060343295,0.056454584,0.0021862716,0.001737507,0.00007967372,0.48215464,0.107359976,0.0522626,0.069700025,0.21196716,0.003927548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004796335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031151667,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32775834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001147245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052917487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95406264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890105628","doi":"10.1119/1.5055331","title":"Implementing Investigative Labs and Writing Intensive Reports in Large University Physics Courses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Auckland","keywords":"Acronym; Variety (cybernetics); Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Physics education; Scale (ratio); Critical thinking; Higher education; Computer science; Physics; Psychology; Political science","score_opus":0.08043474755190348,"score_gpt":0.38557156362860245,"score_spread":0.30513681607669896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890105628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96457845,0.000011338504,0.003767398,0.0012591862,0.00009768215,0.00020082151,0.0000046497407,0.00006215965,0.0300183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99632215,0.0000027830993,0.0019930827,0.00037563613,0.0006711863,0.0000015712986,0.0000031331947,0.0000136827175,0.0006167849],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99790436,0.0010277365,0.00016321098,0.00023891819,0.00021225982,0.00045348788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892265,0.00023968388,0.00022932368,0.00019126889,0.0003745813,0.000042503278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0045034597,0.00011484922,0.00016125535,0.000027371709,0.0010656271,0.00004758767,0.00016161626,0.000043712123,0.000022271906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00058973016,0.000102626305,0.000030638912,0.00054531964,0.0011514425,0.00028812687,0.0002600609,0.00039195284,0.0000050718904],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009620705,0.000073887546,0.2807714,0.00000759816,0.000058220492,0.000019575864,0.31512594,0.0000013055213,0.003446712,0.38592207,0.00091998733,0.013643686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075209036,0.000084029605,0.10739294,0.00017088446,0.000086618405,0.0000040138093,0.47220814,0.00059590826,0.008006718,0.38628206,0.023717087,0.00069952774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017261519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010737244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17337845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001348871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011820597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.819605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897774638","doi":"10.1119/1.5064569","title":"An Indoor Magnetic Exploration Survey","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Magnet; Component (thermodynamics); Electromagnetism; Magnetism; Engineering physics; Magnetic field; Characterization (materials science); Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Condensed matter physics; Optics","score_opus":0.03163200393651109,"score_gpt":0.2988551699118038,"score_spread":0.26722316597529266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2897774638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6892986,0.000037766113,0.016515307,0.00021741376,0.00021786707,0.0002573949,0.0000327866,0.0000713537,0.29335147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976309,5.0989553e-7,0.00005663639,0.00007038295,0.0015942259,0.00003589115,0.00004864375,0.000021742295,0.0005410652],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992147,0.00016171188,0.00011057828,0.00018223652,0.00012680564,0.00020397427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994485,0.000044176846,0.000043578682,0.00034518391,0.0000696472,0.000048928705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017984814,0.00014077216,0.00011973335,0.000006562938,0.0002733197,0.00005176362,0.00022110711,0.000014105104,0.00042928796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002277392,0.0000930123,0.00005011509,0.00013331042,0.000381379,0.00021140801,0.00007533181,0.00012232401,0.00048379073],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035120767,0.00056360126,0.015470224,0.0000012915085,0.000058262107,7.9501895e-8,0.0047238776,0.0000045903726,0.0056589004,0.95594877,0.0009578519,0.016577436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022699857,0.00020861512,0.0042196657,0.0000039691768,0.000019920048,4.3254808e-8,0.0009897662,0.0006451654,0.01768609,0.97562957,0.00018466891,0.00018555865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034849887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007240057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30833226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009392983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010888416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62183124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898268403","doi":"10.1119/1.5064556","title":"Using Flight-Time to Contextualize Radiological Dose","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nuclear Waste Management Organization","funders":"Nuclear Waste Management Organization","keywords":"Radiological weapon; Radionuclide; Cosmic ray; Radiation; Radiation monitoring; Background radiation; Radiation dose; Physics; Environmental science; Astrobiology; Medical physics; Nuclear medicine; Nuclear physics; Radiochemistry; Medicine; Chemistry","score_opus":0.08357673815876397,"score_gpt":0.3560551479863832,"score_spread":0.27247840982761923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898268403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9467711,0.00006412991,0.0034489552,0.0036579173,0.00007952688,0.00026888115,0.0000015472581,0.00008429958,0.045623638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98707676,0.0000011741263,0.00061112415,0.0038228475,0.0018707744,0.000004788634,0.0000033630622,0.00001724586,0.0065919436],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999371,0.00006311324,0.000112771944,0.0001458186,0.00012528092,0.00018202084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995127,0.000036226746,0.00003442218,0.00029010532,0.000043498814,0.00008308003],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018549924,0.00009387743,0.00016488697,0.000017170285,0.00010794475,0.000020480187,0.00010365252,0.000030241947,0.0009650668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006165999,0.000056024503,0.0000603766,0.00014471206,0.00010946566,0.000060955186,0.00004021885,0.00012660811,0.0024841165],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046015592,0.00058809266,0.0045361794,0.000014308863,0.00039144367,0.000019906154,0.016603537,0.00006741976,0.68511146,0.004821123,0.12460708,0.16277932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008800966,0.0020774389,0.06328878,0.0003447936,0.0011045998,0.00032255845,0.001590158,0.1363416,0.16060928,0.0143417055,0.6093853,0.0017927837],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018609722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.6119174e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52450216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043846274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029812243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2915309569","doi":"10.1119/1.5092484","title":"The Difference Between a Probability and a Probability Density","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Thompson Rivers University","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum probability; Probabilistic logic; Statistical physics; Probability theory; Probability density function; Probability distribution; Statistical mechanics; Probability current; Applied probability; Probability amplitude; Computer science; Quantum; Physics; Mathematics; Quantum process; Quantum mechanics; Quantum dynamics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics","score_opus":0.22334895041807928,"score_gpt":0.38891318147295056,"score_spread":0.16556423105487128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2915309569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790482,0.00001671964,0.017940415,0.001029152,0.00012715232,0.00064122496,0.000008177726,0.0000595249,0.0011294652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781224,0.00000484901,0.019194756,0.000040275332,0.00010494792,0.000043260497,0.0000016963838,0.000011063096,0.0024767432],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987681,0.00054687547,0.0001596935,0.00019919792,0.0001474462,0.00017870966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948292,0.0042902254,0.000099628065,0.0006709503,0.000074359625,0.00003563299],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016675296,0.000114345785,0.00017774111,0.000004217402,0.00019327724,0.000051752042,0.00023181239,0.000037917824,0.000016723494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018529521,0.000056723125,0.000040807143,0.00007382424,0.000277257,0.00002514309,0.0001366709,0.00024365593,0.000026917975],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030596,0.00021594338,0.315898,0.00014658504,0.00008084252,7.4514766e-8,0.007397506,4.528083e-7,0.00047378408,0.613179,0.001418546,0.06115866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007436679,0.000015125243,0.19688939,0.0000055892556,0.000029204572,4.2453016e-7,0.00016023222,0.000039517225,0.00045788236,0.8020544,0.00020842568,0.00006541977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003594254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000174763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18887544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036286485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050397837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23131019},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2915547150","doi":"10.1119/1.5092465","title":"Comments on “Letting students discover the power, and the limits, of simple models: Coulomb’s law”","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Physics education; Coulomb; Mathematics education; Theoretical physics; Coulomb's law; Statistical physics; Physics; Calculus (dental); Computer science; Mathematical economics; Law; Epistemology; Mathematics; Political science; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics; Electron","score_opus":0.0924127444662739,"score_gpt":0.4138979212240072,"score_spread":0.3214851767577333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2915547150","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8959427,0.000049390477,0.000042432457,0.017755322,0.00025422152,0.00035208385,0.0000028771578,0.000010290564,0.0855907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939814,0.000024000536,0.0000030861597,0.0034656108,0.0001348731,0.000009653401,8.5439456e-7,0.0000058766996,0.0023746525],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986307,0.00047981186,0.000103148486,0.00011647745,0.0004985005,0.00017135584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894035,0.00058102224,0.00010047995,0.00031781444,0.00003258642,0.000027749353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018656687,0.000068862224,0.00009717971,0.0000058099463,0.0005952106,0.000115512106,0.0006539859,0.000022324944,0.00008808618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047785383,0.000030808682,0.000045110515,0.00012271927,0.00064490305,0.00016196856,0.00008278733,0.0001851401,0.00003655373],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002235501,0.00015222022,0.009353275,0.0000017312935,0.000027473323,2.25319e-8,0.1952606,0.00018724418,0.00002954128,0.78993297,0.0031255845,0.0019069525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026777126,0.00013339144,0.026780393,0.000057918078,0.00010421242,4.0673171e-7,0.35521403,0.00439785,0.0002571762,0.5110042,0.098929495,0.00044322113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032095867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022073183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27892882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023608869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005339639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48519567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2935980906","doi":"10.1119/1.5098921","title":"Another Look at Combination Tones","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Mennonite University","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Musical acoustics; Acoustics; Musical; Physics; Sound wave; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Art; Visual arts","score_opus":0.04246627498195087,"score_gpt":0.2744585953824891,"score_spread":0.23199232040053824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2935980906","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9363148,0.000015857795,0.00028343985,0.0006966754,0.00021506526,0.00027589267,0.0000023411683,0.000088767905,0.06210713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9502159,0.0000063025486,0.000037575177,0.0011313234,0.00013381285,0.0000080468435,0.000001388625,0.000039796858,0.04842587],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893856,0.00014447658,0.000117349024,0.00026698192,0.00028327276,0.00024934104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991779,0.00010620705,0.00007416784,0.0005877901,0.000024139756,0.00002984489],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017446077,0.00012523822,0.00010951555,0.000016263468,0.00011927707,0.00004198444,0.00034029965,0.00004424361,0.00047923514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005524128,0.00009463733,0.000051898434,0.00016051838,0.00010073524,0.00008696647,0.00018848179,0.00018364273,0.0044703623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018137769,0.00022142485,0.0070181144,0.000012519546,0.000006977651,0.0000010992218,0.002952169,0.00020082745,0.9690845,0.012275743,0.0031637584,0.0050447555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069854147,0.00009712012,0.011374187,0.00001768338,0.000020172825,0.0000058949972,0.00011963087,0.0048097153,0.92702144,0.011227532,0.044250946,0.00035710627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018342573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002405838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042063005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006312202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022164131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99630475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937562441","doi":"10.1119/1.5095384","title":"Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement for Magnetically Damped Oscillations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Acceleration; Displacement (psychology); Physics; Accelerometer; Amplitude; Drag; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Optics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.010708062538265548,"score_gpt":0.2616075280559721,"score_spread":0.25089946551770653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2937562441","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62695265,0.00006643573,0.03504657,0.0020636932,0.0001645145,0.0011649433,0.00005326802,0.00004070013,0.33444726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968266,0.0000010559589,0.00029143936,0.00008271356,0.00031608433,0.00008941044,0.000028449256,0.000014145698,0.002350095],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999457,0.000022553588,0.00010499222,0.00016221283,0.00009241778,0.00016079239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962693,0.000092103604,0.000035552282,0.00017369498,0.000038310896,0.000033404882],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007652316,0.000114952956,0.0001183992,0.000004874995,0.00020387258,0.000050650673,0.000093336224,0.000011820635,0.00024843588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018071217,0.000077288925,0.000057627294,0.000049034137,0.000119046694,0.00006917556,0.00010955107,0.0000761559,0.00006316787],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012353984,0.000109705485,0.004195163,0.0000051723814,0.0000578656,6.3274643e-9,0.00074055506,0.000020274312,0.0027244661,0.98930126,0.00040123233,0.0024319452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005083076,0.000070665476,0.0013376746,0.0000059068807,0.00003870449,4.1350688e-8,0.000523076,0.0028580718,0.002293088,0.9910802,0.0011333758,0.0001508528],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019597488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.3452866e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36987397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009592443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000099488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3151751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981319508","doi":"10.1119/1.5131126","title":"The Physics of limθ→(sinθ)/θ=1","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Mathematical and Theoretical Analysis","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Calculus (dental); Physics; Nice; Mathematics; Theoretical physics; Computer science; Programming language","score_opus":0.03164962888745773,"score_gpt":0.28802641666491924,"score_spread":0.25637678777746153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981319508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6959418,0.00013746865,0.03558662,0.0040115486,0.00019985555,0.0007940978,0.000012482826,0.0001544865,0.26316166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887673,0.000010200894,0.0006549509,0.00007306492,0.00024467145,0.0000148563095,0.0000015073028,0.00003251854,0.0102008805],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986971,0.00015231979,0.0003158884,0.00016511518,0.00039436892,0.00027520748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99734306,0.0013922594,0.00018139688,0.0009512956,0.00008389877,0.000048056405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064469717,0.00017534287,0.00034082972,0.0000068501645,0.00013669403,0.00003460432,0.00056063745,0.000048764497,0.00036520392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001671143,0.000078784884,0.00029907716,0.00025188443,0.00033250917,0.000051253228,0.00016605957,0.00027496583,0.00053122744],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012186018,0.00024411645,0.000083645005,0.000053895325,0.00016496595,1.506076e-7,0.00070299185,0.000006795742,0.000513024,0.99083084,0.00081906695,0.0065683424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014493724,0.000030796786,0.000023354867,0.000027924028,0.00016227072,5.267736e-7,0.00026481034,0.004728901,0.0037230505,0.9899621,0.0008127149,0.00011861215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009421675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014004048,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29282555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014950769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016450875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68280315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995732980","doi":"10.1119/1.5141965","title":"Quantitative Stirling Cycle Measurements: <i>P-V</i> Diagram and Refrigeration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Stirling engine; Flywheel; Refrigeration; Stirling cycle; Refrigerator car; Diagram; Carnot cycle; Thermodynamic cycle","score_opus":0.018717807555696537,"score_gpt":0.23101444108632757,"score_spread":0.21229663353063102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995732980","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9175755,0.0004627734,0.07160014,0.00002828341,0.00025224767,0.00018420177,0.0000020155144,0.00016326665,0.009731566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99922097,0.000016729302,0.0003907129,0.000013664006,0.000097407414,0.000013674901,0.000003231344,0.000027303615,0.00021630916],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996056,0.000020100577,0.000085100444,0.00008592077,0.00008869916,0.00011458565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976736,0.000025540596,0.000018266652,0.00015384544,0.00001725695,0.000017727141],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000116887575,0.000093635754,0.00009600592,0.000008242219,0.000040523246,0.000020558246,0.00005593026,0.000022182083,0.0000074940635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004853469,0.00006714366,0.000020330477,0.000057892797,0.000015143938,0.00013155819,0.000011369713,0.00009386702,0.000056340446],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016770713,0.000045207536,0.0019742888,0.00011876642,0.00021020987,4.3049855e-7,0.0057168324,0.7032107,0.21985354,0.019650828,0.0001903428,0.049012087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040374947,0.000036936388,0.0016618375,0.00006607303,0.000025440502,0.0000014911144,0.0005708406,0.9815107,0.0024290204,0.012301091,0.00069600425,0.00029684114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015889816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041578905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27829996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002726263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023199575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2738039},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996895922","doi":"10.1119/1.5141974","title":"A Purely Geometrical Method of Locating a Smartphone Accelerometer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Centripetal force; Prerogative; Focus (optics); Acceleration; Accelerometer; Algebraic number; Kinematics; Simple (philosophy)","score_opus":0.01385778652475779,"score_gpt":0.2812379547600459,"score_spread":0.26738016823528815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996895922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5508275,0.000093614675,0.057970595,0.00022599738,0.00014498128,0.0003533113,0.000015211292,0.000033817014,0.39033496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971558,5.510858e-7,0.0013881627,0.000049914026,0.00028696144,0.00002770249,0.0000066733273,0.000024075285,0.0010601459],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990426,0.00008787455,0.00020243668,0.00020698873,0.00021018187,0.0002499756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922067,0.0002177681,0.00011641955,0.00035483774,0.000049090082,0.00004119656],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021191007,0.00016816088,0.00029889063,0.000023385628,0.0000760874,0.000019657964,0.00027458087,0.000020805259,0.00056375144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000498909,0.00010711765,0.0001869395,0.00040928865,0.00012834724,0.0000803078,0.00023762131,0.00023625637,0.0002518137],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028111552,0.00059439475,0.014549828,0.000017341605,0.00035835602,1.0792717e-7,0.001921079,0.00006047445,0.030601105,0.9235666,0.0002569142,0.02804573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006349515,0.00011620094,0.0015387879,0.000026113477,0.00007612605,3.0762203e-7,0.001263813,0.0010796775,0.08895108,0.90580785,0.00022658143,0.0002784792],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001388783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.9607504e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4463283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014257996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012965025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61726826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024351503","doi":"10.1119/1.5145526","title":"Networks of Support: Investigating a Counterspace that Provides Identity Resources for Minoritized Students in Post-Secondary Physics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Career Development and Diversity","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Identity (music); Diversity (politics); Mathematics education; Position (finance); Physics education; Physics; Psychology; Political science","score_opus":0.05916222981945768,"score_gpt":0.30972704749695956,"score_spread":0.2505648176775019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3024351503","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944965,0.00007233738,0.0007422072,0.0017740426,0.000096270356,0.0005371337,0.00001996421,0.00003878364,0.002222737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99842167,0.000008924703,0.0001543511,0.00073527073,0.0002808281,0.000014849544,0.000012231093,0.00001003789,0.00036185392],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882376,0.00014865145,0.00013754699,0.00018313559,0.00046440007,0.00024252353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994088,0.00016515041,0.0001572297,0.0001097216,0.00009588201,0.0000632617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007042456,0.00010657739,0.0001975593,0.000011237855,0.00025574112,0.00011061393,0.0005545865,0.000049598286,0.000028786271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012873438,0.00009517436,0.000096792304,0.0002466321,0.00028685684,0.00042985857,0.00021835162,0.00018501146,0.000004391462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011736359,0.0001617748,0.49191362,0.00008541867,0.00011773492,0.0000020890855,0.49327958,0.0000789686,0.00053286005,0.0037446273,0.004215794,0.005750167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008118,0.00040126962,0.4977769,0.0002933248,0.0004937608,4.0875784e-7,0.42206952,0.0033989078,0.0016419522,0.048727516,0.0153956525,0.0016828004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018310704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007781165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.071210064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006231678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001568701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38810974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024537245","doi":"10.1119/1.5145532","title":"Lessons from Research Exploring the Underrepresentation of Women in Physics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Career Development and Diversity","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; History of physics; Framing (construction); Higher education; Mathematics education; Physics; Psychology; Theoretical physics; Political science; Engineering","score_opus":0.5406012863277966,"score_gpt":0.43023989318404254,"score_spread":0.11036139314375404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3024537245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97672737,0.00001126865,0.00019610202,0.010082053,0.000056291054,0.00013220019,0.0000027943006,0.0000159347,0.012775965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992024,0.000021106083,0.000017302564,0.000073997355,0.00042710445,0.000016229727,0.000002790547,0.000004216847,0.00023489718],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874026,0.0003856832,0.000067912515,0.00011097158,0.000448461,0.0002466979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943197,0.00031068115,0.000030379146,0.00012861742,0.000050476952,0.000047849877],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010784068,0.0000414488,0.000077632954,0.000007998542,0.0002895243,0.0000353927,0.0003665023,0.000015659469,0.0000470025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011867281,0.000029119137,0.00003017524,0.00048496088,0.00023618076,0.00017390426,0.0001685934,0.00021791944,0.000033421693],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021566897,0.000049915172,0.036619473,0.000002626186,0.000024512363,5.1636175e-7,0.9145593,0.000112859554,0.00030415182,0.02547189,0.0011537872,0.021679373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046038497,0.000018876974,0.15342937,0.000017804805,0.000015121564,8.368004e-9,0.60809875,0.0003491778,0.0020368092,0.22812185,0.0072836117,0.00016826465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00909336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044138284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30646062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017522353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011821004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975052},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3025752608","doi":"10.1119/1.5145521","title":"Chasing the Aurora Borealis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Digital Storytelling and Education","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Conversation; Indigenous; History; Visual arts; Media studies; Geography; Genealogy; Sociology; Art; Communication","score_opus":0.1621636616767828,"score_gpt":0.40182973116166076,"score_spread":0.23966606948487795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3025752608","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45432565,0.00022306188,0.003714197,0.14303651,0.0008687318,0.000703125,0.000022509716,0.0003327878,0.39677343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98910874,0.000005675217,0.000022481177,0.0061357873,0.002168888,0.000028030869,0.000018276372,0.000019381525,0.002492715],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993074,0.00017719668,0.000113448994,0.00009689925,0.000109553075,0.00019551185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999454,0.00016291882,0.00007108485,0.00023045788,0.000030432011,0.000051090985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025510098,0.00006805978,0.000069978356,0.0000028073812,0.0006040216,0.00001580478,0.00020550533,0.00003064208,0.00007389972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006814586,0.00003496851,0.00003871232,0.00012514342,0.00005335753,0.00006335629,0.000047491478,0.0004251144,0.00063415314],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038898255,0.00013382349,0.0051562088,0.000057123932,0.00006157488,4.66135e-7,0.2626639,0.00012915354,0.00038187817,0.037006147,0.56225175,0.13211909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019649557,0.000033650533,0.005877224,0.000044487664,0.000045222314,2.0719375e-7,0.017037768,0.0017125139,0.000117195625,0.021125507,0.95364493,0.00016482416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007808694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5347831,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033035627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006718122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8150967},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082335153","doi":"10.1119/10.0001837","title":"Seeing Is Believing: Demonstrating the RC Time Constant Visually","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Resistor; Capacitor; Electronic circuit; RC circuit; Capacitance; Electrical engineering; Constant (computer programming); Electronics; Equivalent series resistance; Switched capacitor; Physics; Computer science; Engineering; Voltage; Quantum mechanics; Electrode","score_opus":0.01817253691806238,"score_gpt":0.2524121394738874,"score_spread":0.23423960255582504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3082335153","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09699771,0.0002177729,0.006031276,0.013944284,0.00006884789,0.00042585842,0.000034521137,0.00011192341,0.8821678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967491,0.0000011005953,0.00007132098,0.0018002118,0.0009577433,0.000022240674,0.000006299034,0.000028048606,0.0003639042],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989912,0.00009043331,0.00019001048,0.00023069362,0.00020433811,0.00029332037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940825,0.00014705723,0.00009620607,0.00024272976,0.000033917742,0.0000718399],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001276018,0.00021484231,0.00020615579,0.0000030932665,0.0005392783,0.00008264793,0.00034333393,0.000016701606,0.00040459924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000057252237,0.000118769494,0.0001651207,0.00015194845,0.00039237877,0.000086238455,0.00026807957,0.00034230296,0.00044181646],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011749081,0.000121833975,0.0014631801,0.000004782255,0.000249727,4.8034474e-7,0.009910366,0.000022634647,0.018202685,0.96254814,0.0026978105,0.00476663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005131871,0.00011128253,0.000081627964,0.00004467421,0.00017088788,5.3453545e-7,0.007225043,0.011055442,0.04255751,0.9349824,0.0027196987,0.0005376711],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028488805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.840143e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8997514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011552609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025894547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5678804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088297006","doi":"10.1119/10.0002063","title":"Smartphones and Gravitational Acceleration I: Overview","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Equator; Gravitational acceleration; Physics; Acceleration; Gravitation; RADIUS; Latitude; Centrifugal force; Bulge; Earth's rotation; Rotation (mathematics); Geodesy; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Astronomy; Geology; Stars; Geometry; Mathematics; Rotational speed","score_opus":0.044276800252267025,"score_gpt":0.28045515543934724,"score_spread":0.23617835518708022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088297006","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5693879,0.0013457906,0.020087596,0.019773908,0.00018995405,0.00062171445,0.00006524022,0.00012545749,0.38840246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986249,0.0000042870224,0.000088563866,0.00047062902,0.00064261054,0.000020541655,0.000019157203,0.00000964825,0.00011965776],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995845,0.000031906435,0.00007704089,0.00012125496,0.00008927323,0.00009601572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998,0.00003831331,0.000030557912,0.00007183609,0.000018319322,0.000040969],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000325849,0.00009460479,0.00009617541,0.00000211742,0.0001542366,0.000035188747,0.000072610266,0.0000072766643,0.00014744757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016786317,0.00006251134,0.000047033223,0.0000661983,0.00011377828,0.00008675204,0.00008157609,0.00009330524,0.000071836825],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006002863,0.000049934064,0.002035276,0.0000041534554,0.000046736775,4.7202235e-8,0.002158702,0.0000050667936,0.0023044033,0.98833305,0.00061520573,0.004441455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017678607,0.00002258609,0.0011403104,0.0000041642343,0.000022130775,4.922352e-8,0.00049661985,0.0004372539,0.0033626088,0.99366915,0.0005671386,0.000101227684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022092505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3224057e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.429237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000034139105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005996145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25491384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088730365","doi":"10.1119/10.0002064","title":"Smartphones and Gravitational Acceleration II: Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Accelerometer; Acceleration; Gravimeter; Gravitational acceleration; Exploit; Computer science; Software; Purchasing; Mobile device; Gravitation; Human–computer interaction; Simulation; Computer security; Engineering; Physics; World Wide Web; Operating system; Astronomy; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.0496436910252992,"score_gpt":0.23012303724739838,"score_spread":0.18047934622209919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088730365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811115,0.00016818756,0.004113881,0.0083776405,0.000062317784,0.00037364435,0.000054191674,0.000045791687,0.0056927893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985416,0.000004490682,0.00025482572,0.0006507791,0.0003140545,0.0000049520527,0.000098798686,0.0000020694383,0.00012843528],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99956006,0.000027128683,0.00006428817,0.00011584274,0.00014775044,0.00008495418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997905,0.000022524615,0.00003130859,0.00007916709,0.000025489344,0.00005101766],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000074584445,0.000061756225,0.00005396416,0.0000041391922,0.00029049325,0.00004314607,0.00009397739,0.000013430327,0.00012630469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048869842,0.000043075397,0.000021422165,0.00010635054,0.000042854692,0.00010020211,0.000011075309,0.00008078375,0.00015161006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046031408,0.00016054795,0.40498492,0.00003682152,0.00012045185,6.291005e-7,0.009414443,0.0019044452,0.004876814,0.02393718,0.005768165,0.54874957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027323028,0.00008203464,0.84164643,0.000002869684,0.00003697238,7.154054e-7,0.00019009408,0.009246238,0.00037940952,0.1318375,0.016108468,0.00019605139],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015412696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000387637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5485535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.6854544e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012446879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22342685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094386089","doi":"10.1119/5.0031589","title":"When the Quarter Jumps into a Cup (and When It Does Not)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bernoulli's principle; Quarter (Canadian coin); Liberian dollar; Work (physics); Bernoulli differential equation; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Computer science; Calculus (dental); Mechanical engineering; Physics; Mathematical analysis; History; Engineering; Philosophy; Differential equation; Linguistics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.06155172917521346,"score_gpt":0.25007255041100607,"score_spread":0.1885208212357926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3094386089","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.086186506,0.0012519977,0.0001313999,0.17452887,0.004593971,0.0011662743,0.00019845253,0.00027191383,0.7316706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93736386,0.00002799902,0.000040945408,0.0035992912,0.0032693432,0.000162605,0.000014960645,0.000032535532,0.055488467],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99857014,0.00018653157,0.0002055614,0.00040964983,0.00039830495,0.00022983774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99880296,0.00010180555,0.00018094035,0.00082481303,0.000043289037,0.00004620508],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005661136,0.0002691937,0.00024595708,0.000029879684,0.001672179,0.00039557353,0.0011639933,0.000049195045,0.003519905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009710853,0.00013364526,0.00017396359,0.0000139130425,0.0013956325,0.00018356637,0.0009629809,0.0011284618,0.00011489848],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016935956,0.00007654522,0.000012159863,0.00004035106,0.00007547466,0.0000011281696,0.65780425,0.000011747374,0.000041588253,0.2832682,0.056467578,0.0021839854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000057759848,0.000021489503,0.000017942632,0.000017501041,0.000060087626,3.21929e-7,0.006497569,0.000108146654,0.000007949242,0.54718417,0.44584858,0.00017847236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017814793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063579157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85117733,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080129415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006530357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096207191","doi":"10.1119/10.0002387","title":"The Falling Rod Race","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Kinematics; Rotation (mathematics); Inertia; Moment of inertia; Torque; Angular acceleration; Angular momentum; Physics education; Acceleration; Classical mechanics; Falling (accident); Connecting rod; Physics; Mechanics; Mathematics education; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Psychology","score_opus":0.018863301200845978,"score_gpt":0.25317593274205397,"score_spread":0.234312631541208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3096207191","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09782108,0.0006015972,0.015833989,0.022244312,0.00022384452,0.00042042395,0.000015354486,0.0001307836,0.8627086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99741,0.0000039006522,0.00003072356,0.00033383872,0.0014631887,0.00002766035,0.0000037742027,0.000019914922,0.00070698373],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993023,0.000057780002,0.00011175482,0.0001553105,0.00014022326,0.00023258865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953145,0.00012054107,0.000049854938,0.0002191838,0.00002252168,0.000056447036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000085105356,0.00013892305,0.00012216227,0.0000013243899,0.0005598611,0.00006705622,0.0003246763,0.000009533129,0.00006803675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004195804,0.000070353795,0.000121391626,0.00010193526,0.00023812172,0.000056724024,0.00019146079,0.0002503309,0.00029604218],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000129967075,0.000059821257,0.00064264826,0.0000014119432,0.000111883906,1.1087239e-7,0.002938178,0.000047676942,0.001678658,0.98433846,0.0017472069,0.008420934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020070204,0.000028395109,0.0000602481,0.000004525203,0.000034182292,4.0844533e-8,0.0025827338,0.0013597242,0.010197085,0.9788241,0.0065473863,0.0001608923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028847931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8821854e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89958894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000073305896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009439448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43060553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3118075905","doi":"10.1119/10.0003014","title":"Quantum Matter on the Table: A Pretty, Simple Hands-on Activity","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Academic Writing and Publishing","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Foundation; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Comprehension; Quantum; Mathematics education; Physics education; Computer science; Table (database); Theoretical physics; Epistemology; Physics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Programming language; Philosophy","score_opus":0.08719774681308698,"score_gpt":0.25002795807626615,"score_spread":0.16283021126317918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3118075905","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69185334,0.00001578671,0.00005793323,0.06368332,0.00010976457,0.00017838381,0.00003318059,0.00011423842,0.24395408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782297,0.000001562476,5.363187e-7,0.013510048,0.003296036,0.00001913429,0.0000062554213,0.000027722223,0.004909023],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991587,0.00014615386,0.000089625464,0.00017231372,0.00021056176,0.00022264638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933,0.00027803934,0.000074903546,0.00025395546,0.000023582143,0.00003953693],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028911835,0.00013753797,0.00011827286,0.000006433355,0.0005229395,0.00036094215,0.0003719704,0.000035671976,0.0015366597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058966703,0.00007028301,0.000062708816,0.000042669424,0.00012939921,0.00019915013,0.00007906861,0.0007784411,0.00060742855],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035973026,0.00006115514,0.00021255908,0.000010338729,0.000032401233,3.9084665e-7,0.036047887,0.00003031261,0.0001235047,0.24279685,0.7183681,0.002280503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052847073,0.00031016857,0.0006033697,0.00007556122,0.00007922488,7.452622e-7,0.007107969,0.008418723,0.0018041793,0.06424504,0.9163174,0.00050912116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019231297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058708356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28637636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014704628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015754003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99937606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3132803447","doi":"10.1119/10.0003465","title":"Selective Assessment in Introductory Physics Labatorials","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Physics education; Reading (process); Medical education; Anxiety; Psychology; Physics; Medicine","score_opus":0.055585972927452994,"score_gpt":0.4155593237037342,"score_spread":0.35997335077628123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3132803447","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7783478,0.00019630027,0.04201318,0.0017963764,0.0029765747,0.00027370267,0.0000058343385,0.00016857788,0.17422168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985905,0.0000016533122,0.0022503994,0.00035260918,0.0035310427,0.000048775844,0.000015692947,0.000044143297,0.007850678],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9951188,0.0037371235,0.00022905332,0.0003813619,0.00019889242,0.00033474652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987268,0.0003830466,0.00013207071,0.0005911341,0.00014183314,0.000025125431],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025028533,0.00017936257,0.00027921263,0.000023318504,0.00013889822,0.000031775344,0.00021216364,0.000078973375,0.00037014252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018481707,0.000141397,0.00007710542,0.00067171373,0.00009534406,0.00006398781,0.00007751826,0.0015102238,0.00015274786],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074971256,0.0020771737,0.05623529,0.000021337277,0.00058594305,0.000028588669,0.078510776,0.00046520398,0.06465193,0.6385905,0.026546218,0.13221206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032847906,0.00024182977,0.64589435,0.000086000255,0.00016397616,0.000016533877,0.009776335,0.0004782155,0.023191974,0.24920371,0.06635144,0.0013108243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014470828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047140434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5896591,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015583426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014985201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6561255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202045176","doi":"10.1119/5.0038966","title":"Hydraulic Analogues Illustrating the Charging of a Capacitor and Ohm’s Law: Labs for Online Learning Environments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Ohm; Construct (python library); Globe; Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Physics education; Computer science; Multimedia; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.018187357674992927,"score_gpt":0.25500782058743376,"score_spread":0.23682046291244083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3202045176","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94807726,0.0005037402,0.0070277993,0.0008028681,0.00007456643,0.00029983238,0.00007831214,0.000018934814,0.0431167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99862087,0.000004186313,0.00016207357,0.00009078969,0.00054569077,0.000028792223,0.000053226213,0.000017217284,0.00047713693],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935323,0.00007889034,0.00013557289,0.00015574368,0.00010045652,0.00017608034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995625,0.00014680396,0.00008889322,0.00015929047,0.000017974653,0.000024512416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001101802,0.00012857918,0.00017002723,0.0000032396304,0.000330524,0.000023973727,0.000100723955,0.00001353402,0.000024847288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000051847173,0.00007777141,0.00009266452,0.000051458028,0.00034027093,0.00005569566,0.00013501843,0.00019099342,0.0000028826237],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009870209,0.00028031832,0.0017180697,0.000014845794,0.00027719355,1.9432328e-7,0.0058325985,0.00009386122,0.042136975,0.9393244,0.00005084453,0.0102608465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066017115,0.00008611161,0.00063270546,0.000049993716,0.00015634547,4.0979094e-7,0.017137835,0.0044782,0.105014615,0.86896294,0.002535881,0.000284774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000938711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021238375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07036143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000845481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000064596975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3171426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202243141","doi":"10.1119/10.0006460","title":"TiltTray: A 3D-Printed Apparatus to Teach Inclined-Plane Physics Through Smartphone Portrait-Landscape Transitions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Everyday life; Inclined plane; Mobile device; Physics education; Mechanism (biology); Portrait; Plane (geometry); Human–computer interaction; Multimedia; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics education; Engineering; Visual arts; Psychology; World Wide Web; Mechanical engineering; Geometry; Mathematics; Art; Epistemology","score_opus":0.01683525281946537,"score_gpt":0.27353172024238415,"score_spread":0.2566964674229188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3202243141","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19460002,0.00031181492,0.12511002,0.0043505826,0.00047194763,0.0007934878,0.00042108208,0.0002643461,0.6736767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935621,0.0000046338173,0.0011036948,0.00072906184,0.0017959952,0.00014121705,0.00035831216,0.00006586308,0.0022391204],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807507,0.00013907014,0.00034272976,0.0005344949,0.00033108177,0.00057754194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988509,0.00009558118,0.00009310536,0.0006817847,0.00013194523,0.00014672363],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012483071,0.0004239721,0.00048085104,0.00001232258,0.00053251535,0.00008839383,0.00032599588,0.000049527825,0.000648183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000053277927,0.00032443137,0.00028838852,0.0005113185,0.00023799017,0.0001673215,0.00024705764,0.0005521427,0.000525345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073718016,0.002398987,0.00088901905,0.000018898416,0.00072467723,0.000009226722,0.012200747,0.00037484904,0.031750094,0.93661004,0.007632994,0.007316747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013646982,0.00013066108,0.00046792073,0.00007193542,0.00029660497,0.0000046949604,0.005902481,0.0006733135,0.086370416,0.8971676,0.0066194385,0.0009302356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011684921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005029592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79896206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003058312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008180436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999208},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208661114","doi":"10.1119/10.0006927","title":"Leaving the “One True Path”: Teaching physics without single correct answers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nova Scotia Community College","funders":"","keywords":"Focus (optics); Mathematics education; Imperfect; Path (computing); Physics education; Calculus (dental); Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Philosophy; Optics","score_opus":0.12087890842315598,"score_gpt":0.3761030153644837,"score_spread":0.25522410694132774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3208661114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7292769,0.00020409784,0.0092749875,0.02574131,0.002270383,0.0003258314,0.000004529555,0.00018755674,0.23271438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98369884,0.000014327375,0.00021316228,0.001313119,0.002390817,0.000013952586,0.000005010934,0.000017723956,0.012333049],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976547,0.001075816,0.00013708744,0.0002526067,0.0004978627,0.00038193603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988401,0.00041138998,0.0001097029,0.00046401884,0.00009488624,0.000079904705],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017511399,0.00012307927,0.00014058582,0.00000880474,0.0020688672,0.00027733,0.00055800454,0.000047403155,0.00022272933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004498155,0.0000824713,0.00010572126,0.00040070456,0.0004887026,0.00026570246,0.00007507133,0.0005646606,0.000109052766],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000076173465,0.0006793294,0.011217233,0.0000055278924,0.000055238925,0.000001343592,0.6118076,0.00017226742,0.010548882,0.11627266,0.00891044,0.24032186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005743078,0.000077754376,0.006302155,0.00011303343,0.00020403923,0.0000062197446,0.59169984,0.0016552703,0.010418514,0.081533544,0.30641276,0.0010025799],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016401053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006194055,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2975023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111481895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042840274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211047524","doi":"10.1119/10.0006917","title":"A Forgotten Simple Pendulum Period Equation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Pendulum; Amplitude; Period (music); Oscillation (cell signaling); Simple (philosophy); Mathematics; Function (biology); Mathematical analysis; Physics; Calculus (dental); Classical mechanics; Acoustics; Optics; Quantum mechanics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.021601526941727893,"score_gpt":0.2678655132628066,"score_spread":0.2462639863210787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3211047524","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21362092,0.00014462904,0.023098467,0.0017624808,0.00015912125,0.00020291499,0.0000307411,0.00006673627,0.760914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99665546,8.1294263e-7,0.00009541293,0.00011843937,0.00085656834,0.000042910757,0.00006800433,0.00002127293,0.0021411213],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992379,0.00006684402,0.00012175392,0.00019102456,0.00015193255,0.0002305326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995128,0.000041264233,0.00004815392,0.00030147645,0.00005611087,0.000040188985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072053495,0.00014200273,0.00014930773,0.000004246795,0.00027480102,0.00005459072,0.00014154224,0.00001443549,0.00078495813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040478326,0.00009977914,0.00014017621,0.00012614665,0.0001255709,0.00009504087,0.00017839669,0.00016656899,0.00022694649],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004629138,0.00025258443,0.002582208,0.0000026977532,0.000108815824,7.18178e-7,0.0018523165,0.000016447462,0.004975457,0.9843462,0.0008877776,0.004970146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023504307,0.000015655614,0.00025635443,0.000004836943,0.00003838803,3.4003406e-7,0.002748441,0.0006443974,0.021396928,0.97331214,0.0011941993,0.00015326474],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006396747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.1668037e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78303456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001756151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026724008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8594741},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206713293","doi":"10.1119/5.0047803","title":"Smashing Pumpkins","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Set (abstract data type); Energy (signal processing); Natural rubber; Engineering; Engineering physics; Physics; Computer science; Mathematics; Chemistry; Statistics","score_opus":0.013807531629848484,"score_gpt":0.25388127656078485,"score_spread":0.24007374493093636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206713293","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10014666,0.00010830979,0.005817079,0.00090406317,0.00014146902,0.00006649944,0.000008821905,0.00004116881,0.89276594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954922,0.0000013477271,0.00009236859,0.00015750223,0.00093810813,0.000019130197,0.000015834747,0.000018734676,0.0032647636],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934053,0.00005703155,0.000097124,0.00016822151,0.00012358092,0.00021349062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954516,0.000053503893,0.00003397166,0.0002917612,0.000037255017,0.000038334714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006223051,0.0001259221,0.00013039813,0.0000033106926,0.0002398224,0.000050143957,0.00015219487,0.000011223624,0.0005321589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000025910153,0.00008484132,0.00012796016,0.0001260578,0.00013466182,0.00007463079,0.00019356859,0.00019785341,0.00023920256],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020483308,0.00019782074,0.0020996938,0.000001598998,0.00009882922,8.004065e-7,0.001104375,0.000011631761,0.0043998756,0.986959,0.00056223915,0.0045620874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015302979,0.000006709293,0.00018141024,0.0000073808583,0.000028049359,2.7066127e-7,0.0013471607,0.000112874266,0.04814127,0.9479771,0.0019108781,0.00013381068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045680295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.492001e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89534557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011798038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019074905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58267665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210484516","doi":"10.1119/5.0021481","title":"Making the Quantum Scattering of Fundamental Particles Accessible","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Subatomic particle; Feynman diagram; Realm; Physics; Quantum; Theoretical physics; Photon; Mathematics education; Elementary particle; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0632301533504668,"score_gpt":0.3162538963491617,"score_spread":0.2530237429986949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210484516","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.989043,0.000038704882,0.00759952,0.0013108925,0.00006943627,0.0001720955,0.000029611416,0.000016779699,0.0017199431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994341,3.6244418e-7,0.000025102787,0.00008367074,0.00017573209,0.00016142719,0.000007107309,0.000015601863,0.000096901305],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993795,0.0000656668,0.00013335526,0.00011155342,0.00015496179,0.00015494724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947184,0.0000402726,0.00012159487,0.00034114838,0.0000114151035,0.00001370064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022698338,0.00007780846,0.00008353622,0.000007212307,0.0005495929,0.00003593616,0.00041595497,0.000004497215,0.0005147515],"category_scores_gemma":[5.709746e-7,0.000049516384,0.000080035556,0.00016803687,0.00005987451,0.00005000523,0.00031120598,0.00018684198,0.00001605496],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005740421,0.00022992454,0.005714224,0.000003230279,0.000058800942,6.466539e-8,0.0015103727,0.00044246306,0.014244439,0.9682368,0.0011023646,0.008451569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023557396,0.00003371614,0.0022954622,0.00000883014,0.000064402084,6.972904e-7,0.0073313355,0.04266452,0.0073354356,0.9325013,0.0073505077,0.00017823263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000984022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.964058e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042222057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014488817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020179183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56361675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214510862","doi":"10.1119/5.0061475","title":"Comment on “Tilting Motion and the Moment of Inertia of the Smartphone”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Moment of inertia; Inertia; Rest (music); Position (finance); Physics; Classical mechanics; Angular velocity; Moment (physics); Geodesy; Conservation of energy; Slip (aerodynamics); Motion (physics); Mechanics; Acoustics; Geology; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.009548592132162827,"score_gpt":0.22327138819580378,"score_spread":0.21372279606364095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214510862","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91788477,0.00011066396,0.00086041243,0.010997374,0.00016566225,0.0005256885,0.00003611784,0.000008994184,0.069410324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99943894,7.04858e-7,0.0000055509586,0.00029289644,0.00008447597,0.00006415424,0.0000028192578,0.000008357097,0.00010212026],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992832,0.00019766118,0.00014027809,0.00008844703,0.00019156326,0.000098852266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947494,0.000112912465,0.00013031092,0.00025676927,0.000014632189,0.00001043051],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002455887,0.0000904176,0.00014211053,0.000004209958,0.0003296534,0.000005816487,0.00019996615,0.0000042735674,0.00005171427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016425736,0.000040934025,0.00010381462,0.00008950524,0.00038209822,0.000015602089,0.00046229284,0.00018324179,0.000001280364],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041643958,0.00033457894,0.0020911836,0.0000038916837,0.000104788785,9.723988e-9,0.0053954427,0.0002475898,0.0015642087,0.9872983,0.00029445736,0.002623877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010753745,0.00006719417,0.0010510918,0.00001357803,0.00007091115,7.647821e-8,0.0057569314,0.0013036957,0.039055176,0.9510474,0.00046351913,0.000095025374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019334194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.6026124e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08155416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015764608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000044673966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2535461},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214586401","doi":"10.1119/1.4824958","title":"• Musical Theoretical Physics: “Bohemian Gravity,” and “Rolling in the Higgs,” by Tim Blois of McGill Physics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rjbtsX7twc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtItBX1l1VY","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Higgs boson; Physics; World Wide Web; Computer science; Particle physics","score_opus":0.015022909510426539,"score_gpt":0.2330326982566916,"score_spread":0.21800978874626506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214586401","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93318886,0.0003609791,0.039091583,0.021051796,0.000425732,0.0012545872,0.000065433196,0.00044651225,0.004114507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958282,0.00010034984,0.0011451683,0.0016257837,0.0004924723,0.00018842665,0.000017245022,0.00006735166,0.00053501275],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99556816,0.0005703098,0.00077414094,0.0011012267,0.0008866822,0.0010995073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962001,0.000867727,0.00036070816,0.0021921047,0.00022331909,0.00015605208],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012071726,0.00078459934,0.0010099282,0.000041036954,0.0007940743,0.00022811175,0.0029340032,0.00039323818,0.000032564003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013759408,0.0004950879,0.00037075893,0.0009772644,0.0022178735,0.0007217817,0.0014429478,0.0019404425,0.00022646257],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023304056,0.0009777999,0.002300451,0.000052382773,0.00023512563,0.000007902618,0.011312011,0.000067710374,0.001994952,0.94402593,0.008800691,0.030201765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017231677,0.00032131132,0.0023079233,0.00013983884,0.00024334808,0.00002200785,0.0019375943,0.08019577,0.0034064795,0.9019874,0.0064597568,0.0012554575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005326165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002475633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08012806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009817036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059945214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220828384","doi":"10.1119/10.0009995","title":"A Simple Moment of Inertia Measurement","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Moment of inertia; Pendulum; Acceleration; Angular acceleration; Angular velocity; Accelerometer; Physics; Center of mass (relativistic); Moment (physics); Angular displacement; Lever; Classical mechanics; Inertia; Circular motion; Position (finance); Control theory (sociology); Acoustics; Computer science","score_opus":0.0233061561833902,"score_gpt":0.24800268500261605,"score_spread":0.22469652881922586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220828384","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4333477,0.00035980358,0.0093737235,0.0008086265,0.00022270986,0.00061223964,0.00009294147,0.000054657143,0.55512756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99937993,3.3987413e-7,0.000013147637,0.000051373172,0.00017893352,0.00013363422,0.000009674752,0.000014075926,0.0002188742],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916774,0.00008290304,0.0001421388,0.00012382204,0.00031685483,0.00016653945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995989,0.000017310627,0.0000760276,0.00024740782,0.000034962286,0.000025376268],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001999238,0.00010912978,0.0001456691,0.000007047599,0.0002605588,0.000006662008,0.00021708985,0.0000038064204,0.0006925178],"category_scores_gemma":[8.088356e-7,0.00007578147,0.000117024385,0.00012021377,0.000112872855,0.00002711636,0.00036683527,0.00015921895,0.000014810732],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018407154,0.00071415736,0.0022947064,0.0000033027195,0.00018946084,7.076755e-8,0.0017476403,0.00031892007,0.0136437975,0.97654456,0.0018412794,0.002683671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000327843,0.00008625504,0.00023573339,0.0000028493544,0.000043748307,6.309881e-8,0.0024783434,0.0002974725,0.023478955,0.9696085,0.0033020019,0.00013827381],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017280199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.22502e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56603223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044490127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017259184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7582584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225281020","doi":"10.1119/5.0031325","title":"Reflection from a Potential Well and from a Potential Barrier","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Rectangular potential barrier; Reflection (computer programming); Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); Point (geometry); Physics; Classical mechanics; Potential energy; Internal energy; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Geometry","score_opus":0.010725450202602793,"score_gpt":0.23633672521915933,"score_spread":0.22561127501655653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225281020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.919083,0.00005202423,0.077276066,0.0006278213,0.00022008257,0.00019442452,0.00033720874,0.000038640464,0.0021707548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99761796,0.0000016039694,0.00011267398,0.0001074265,0.001149618,0.00012229657,0.00021549941,0.000025952071,0.0006469562],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919033,0.000091317845,0.00012209069,0.00026126413,0.0001741349,0.00016087732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951065,0.000019546653,0.00008275905,0.0003218017,0.0000161199,0.000049113623],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009235894,0.00012379044,0.000114610855,0.0000111962745,0.0005918489,0.00006242555,0.0001941908,0.000017045073,0.0024166815],"category_scores_gemma":[5.3195106e-7,0.00010537096,0.00008975475,0.00010083941,0.00003138092,0.000060513386,0.00021494787,0.00032823437,0.00006516258],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022255804,0.0017313058,0.002730264,0.0000040618474,0.0010987527,0.0000048819124,0.00638371,0.0018021188,0.390617,0.49526414,0.019293005,0.08084819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050409936,0.000030644587,0.00073469686,0.0000021272842,0.00014816975,5.0279124e-7,0.0012137186,0.03647523,0.0023505944,0.9429144,0.015403775,0.00022199859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019008045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002735386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4476503,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001952345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025111936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229800057","doi":"10.1119/1.1753561","title":"Authors' Response","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Animal testing and alternatives","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Physics education; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.24047919417864125,"score_gpt":0.41968798371868254,"score_spread":0.1792087895400413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4229800057","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9455745,0.00004302042,0.0016752437,0.00018723057,0.000078606536,0.000077842924,0.0000016612364,0.00009420094,0.05226768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845544,5.016347e-7,0.00048493088,0.00007054272,0.00015880997,0.000014366934,4.5312908e-7,0.000020036021,0.014695924],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902993,0.00052427925,0.000073479605,0.00012464063,0.00009721707,0.0001504547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994671,0.00019279069,0.000039752307,0.00025449498,0.000016355423,0.000029511519],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006447022,0.000086716405,0.000070525,0.0000073886904,0.00012318337,0.000020429003,0.00014713229,0.000019824876,0.00016381864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001522819,0.00005639971,0.000048495647,0.000078724646,0.00006737113,0.00004703159,0.000029455874,0.00019260304,0.00053151173],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0039787306,0.0012174917,0.010748352,0.00002997397,0.00031246056,0.00017708744,0.03659185,0.00008492679,0.67243576,0.23641293,0.018490935,0.019519482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027417785,0.004486179,0.10495241,0.00022284633,0.00023701356,0.00054749264,0.008243014,0.0033160849,0.06432252,0.50802344,0.30047187,0.0024353606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018069823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.343495e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6081133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015650874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014935547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68316853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230023802","doi":"10.1119/1.2783144","title":"Worth Rereading","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Samuel Beckett and Modernism","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Physics education; Theoretical physics; Physics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Calculus (dental); Mathematics","score_opus":0.10743388644512543,"score_gpt":0.27643535057915153,"score_spread":0.1690014641340261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230023802","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.332337,0.00006692172,0.0011599155,0.00033616583,0.00031174914,0.00007335785,0.0000015326822,0.000099367426,0.665614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9388737,0.0000015241056,0.000021476459,0.00040888824,0.002252936,0.0000028362424,0.000003771819,0.000017151753,0.058417726],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951875,0.000013842004,0.00008327295,0.00008696815,0.00010443103,0.0001927193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967796,0.000041221832,0.00003360859,0.00019867883,0.0000223649,0.000026165444],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025683275,0.000078496465,0.000068256224,0.000011387852,0.00024792302,0.000065137254,0.00013789741,0.00001452026,0.00093450636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004607633,0.00004917257,0.000054900178,0.0000144975675,0.00011794157,0.00008430782,0.000028690396,0.00014368496,0.0003645994],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011763243,0.00006695935,0.0005687208,0.0000036098777,0.00003811182,0.0000022759373,0.101789385,0.0000019624795,0.0002164652,0.8293346,0.013525781,0.054440334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002262129,0.000023122035,0.0011645944,0.000013765951,0.00004474348,0.0000012535038,0.0059249294,0.00010753349,0.000973179,0.098981135,0.8922959,0.00024366194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013589216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029836982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8787701,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013780649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000065598124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237546745","doi":"10.1119/1.880547","title":"Seeing infrared","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Oscilloscope; Infrared; Photoresistor; Remote sensing; Optics; Physics; Geology; Detector","score_opus":0.007296751688902344,"score_gpt":0.1906061322868993,"score_spread":0.18330938059799695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237546745","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71821713,0.00011502057,0.00031636763,0.000095876254,0.00006759671,0.000041555533,0.0000011084479,0.00038567118,0.28075963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883975,0.000012337945,0.00007260199,0.000086151944,0.0002694213,0.0000032977769,0.0000016950379,0.000025629291,0.011131384],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99968547,0.0000109061175,0.00005346582,0.000054149466,0.0000623469,0.00013366752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976075,0.000011685713,0.000004258241,0.00020083091,0.0000040615237,0.000018427108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038111222,0.00007184211,0.00005633105,0.000004755162,0.000043961787,0.000021635957,0.00010507367,0.000014682529,0.00043140445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014092379,0.000053732925,0.00003336787,0.00007773144,0.000022522583,0.000056028926,0.0000065714494,0.00013984145,0.0005403421],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073451065,0.000067827015,0.0008126965,0.00002486248,0.00013282351,0.0000055503488,0.011273934,0.0917384,0.010130162,0.0017055033,0.05267055,0.8314303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00081096764,0.000021210055,0.008236276,0.000063939144,0.000096063464,0.00001582275,0.0004859749,0.34121245,0.022290926,0.03968095,0.5860711,0.0010143737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007955166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.887477e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83041596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014015342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022900822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69451845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238687921","doi":"10.1119/1.1542060","title":"<b>ExploreScience.com, NASA Discovery Mission Deep Impact,</b> http://www.deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov and deepimpact.umd.edu","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Research Data Management Practices","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Astrobiology; Library science; Aeronautics; Remote sensing; Physics; Computer science; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.07617317799190607,"score_gpt":0.3505624975744075,"score_spread":0.27438931958250146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4238687921","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43499717,0.0007015401,0.54483217,0.0048574475,0.0003600392,0.000871776,0.000015111421,0.00027462188,0.013090093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99233717,0.00048652585,0.003133652,0.00046593582,0.00019552157,0.000029980874,0.000012344363,0.00005026723,0.0032886295],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.995053,0.00096054486,0.0003975542,0.0010160931,0.0013342155,0.001238624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957842,0.00063369574,0.00033622005,0.0026495766,0.00009952254,0.00049675396],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032133516,0.00049976923,0.00039790853,0.00015264603,0.0007349392,0.0049587623,0.0034844286,0.00009703308,0.00004417414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010284343,0.00031619164,0.00019650871,0.0011927687,0.00043868588,0.030754855,0.0015583123,0.00083321333,0.00018758498],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018815487,0.0022213294,0.021502422,0.00015132954,0.00064690824,0.00012643948,0.012083702,0.0028065664,0.019498337,0.8326641,0.014264644,0.09384607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006080152,0.002548009,0.11347863,0.00043277492,0.0004871227,0.00028813153,0.0054956605,0.46771768,0.018555626,0.26577532,0.11349098,0.0056499173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030855098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015278476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56688875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002131594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023737267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999929},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248198822","doi":"10.1119/1.1845980","title":"Author's Reply","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Keyano College","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Physics education; Theoretical physics; Engineering physics; Physics; Calculus (dental); Mathematics; Medicine","score_opus":0.04345023831909714,"score_gpt":0.2987745289867993,"score_spread":0.2553242906677021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248198822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90772206,0.00007596945,0.0022056145,0.008149898,0.00018840647,0.00030380435,0.000013154286,0.0007262438,0.08061484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915304,3.0055475e-7,0.0003293351,0.00051926053,0.00059814326,0.00001819315,0.000005867192,0.00009655574,0.0069018966],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990743,0.000078823316,0.00011442526,0.00019721492,0.0002582052,0.0002770546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900216,0.000015668236,0.00007098318,0.0008241707,0.000033919994,0.00005309485],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004055196,0.00013702839,0.00011135186,0.000012435569,0.00013790552,0.000037145965,0.0003520482,0.000026358766,0.000084776046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003683163,0.00009141449,0.00008964801,0.00026950514,0.00012989633,0.00012503617,0.00008240419,0.0003026098,0.017539488],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015289709,0.0023576214,0.0019961712,0.000020287504,0.0005153644,0.000027377515,0.04659068,0.009427361,0.17467378,0.5256452,0.1990837,0.039509576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001484408,0.00008036909,0.0125652775,0.0000356784,0.00015809134,0.000014782232,0.0006014431,0.00034874596,0.04079634,0.8422662,0.10099744,0.0006512016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031161646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000060195152,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31662104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012623292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048019123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98322546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248832489","doi":"10.1119/1.2823986","title":"Authors' Response","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Animal testing and alternatives","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Physics education; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.23495182644272605,"score_gpt":0.4413561816293702,"score_spread":0.20640435518664413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248832489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640608,0.000029296383,0.006948164,0.0002424525,0.00008094975,0.00007459642,0.0000015115752,0.0001199078,0.028442334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885237,2.9576717e-7,0.00048683086,0.00008656344,0.0005235362,0.0000046100436,7.4027656e-7,0.000020055888,0.010353628],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931055,0.00016723348,0.00009293504,0.000121065124,0.0001171606,0.00019102512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993434,0.000314967,0.00004674278,0.00023929324,0.00001915468,0.000036472862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001327251,0.00008503493,0.000067898705,0.00001109133,0.0001197667,0.000016807255,0.00019180514,0.000023139632,0.00007745928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008012338,0.00005550247,0.00004897045,0.00008929416,0.000078390905,0.000048194543,0.00006382651,0.00021922063,0.00045038227],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00924326,0.0007065883,0.009480389,0.000018312969,0.00017940783,0.00026986087,0.031827886,0.000020374742,0.8358053,0.027471147,0.008028644,0.076948814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019566517,0.004059053,0.6773313,0.00020329223,0.00016584943,0.00036173424,0.008637077,0.002900447,0.061595254,0.14676252,0.09419186,0.001834958],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004321781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.153735e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77421004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020607613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008907589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5788903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313417617","doi":"10.1119/5.0062172","title":"Supporting Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in an Introductory Physics Course","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Metacognition; Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Context (archaeology); Self-regulated learning; Active learning (machine learning); Physics education; Student engagement; Teaching method; Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Cognition","score_opus":0.04104785224712823,"score_gpt":0.4167941876316298,"score_spread":0.37574633538450153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313417617","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99297154,0.000054065506,0.0018642899,0.00033301715,0.0005700875,0.00023969138,0.000001840671,0.00038954176,0.0035759096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990888,2.576719e-7,0.00037840844,0.00026014843,0.0009975851,0.000083285646,0.000045461828,0.00008591225,0.007260969],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919354,0.0062239585,0.00034361117,0.00047665805,0.00045521135,0.00056518434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874896,0.00018240776,0.0003239941,0.0006422312,0.00005887118,0.000043530606],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006576519,0.00023339204,0.00028565223,0.000049947907,0.00068770186,0.000050487186,0.00071357965,0.000052428066,0.0008153769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059547274,0.00020696645,0.00007904284,0.0006861154,0.00009661935,0.00011279064,0.00028553448,0.0029797994,0.000077687495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012589843,0.0035632001,0.6127408,0.000010022094,0.00035626063,0.00002646643,0.2626959,0.015748091,0.0054706666,0.011481077,0.002695133,0.085086465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003483319,0.00104561,0.88232255,0.000023838942,0.00026821456,0.00002906621,0.05330364,0.009403351,0.00037810334,0.0115484595,0.036766294,0.0014275769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015765608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026574353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2695817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001681849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060693557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321609600","doi":"10.1119/5.0075793","title":"Getting More Out of Midterm Assessments","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Meaning (existential); Reading (process); Mathematics education; Psychology; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine; Political science","score_opus":0.1529959497494024,"score_gpt":0.4903169867382567,"score_spread":0.3373210369888543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321609600","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87563056,0.000011426376,0.00009301781,0.0067043127,0.0003879355,0.000107372696,0.000003210618,0.000060667637,0.11700148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790204,0.000009312307,0.00006985346,0.0001062432,0.0008454971,0.000012042277,0.000011578092,0.000007423386,0.019917626],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992892,0.000110561305,0.00008644235,0.00008009841,0.00027591133,0.00015774935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995923,0.00014339818,0.000069482674,0.00012683826,0.00004309174,0.00002487972],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005426844,0.000048201047,0.000068442205,0.000013942888,0.00021715727,0.00002143138,0.00022974951,0.000023703742,0.000126434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019136427,0.0000364607,0.000045215438,0.00018357739,0.00012575624,0.00008586499,0.000040727668,0.00009166094,0.00008306363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010723114,0.00045596674,0.28345916,0.000036733312,0.00019485841,0.0000014023274,0.34943882,0.00012222362,0.0058727656,0.24255623,0.038781255,0.07906986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005813717,0.0000673799,0.326804,0.00008297027,0.000149961,1.6478272e-7,0.2303142,0.0021024807,0.0013574571,0.2917692,0.14609288,0.0006779146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043934528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000660785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11912463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027782027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013421128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16702202},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361212735","doi":"10.1119/5.0074610","title":"Meshchersky Ladders","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Mechanics and Biomechanics Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Rotational dynamics; Slipping; Falling (accident); Classical mechanics; Physics; Newtonian fluid; Newtonian dynamics; Physics education; Theoretical physics; Mechanics; Calculus (dental); Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Quantum mechanics; Psychology","score_opus":0.02569469931416179,"score_gpt":0.21873990758200595,"score_spread":0.19304520826784416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4361212735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72874844,0.0013901532,0.037193064,0.005317845,0.0037766083,0.0009850053,0.00005148083,0.008076766,0.21446064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979289,0.00014604523,0.00004030305,0.000054797438,0.00022414602,0.00002077866,0.0000054953757,0.000031500134,0.0015479886],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995408,0.000011147611,0.000063753956,0.00007840365,0.00010574942,0.00020016929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997363,0.000021314356,0.000008987946,0.00020086333,0.000010508399,0.000022031067],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015295975,0.0000909112,0.00008069913,0.000015717238,0.000078149504,0.00001639545,0.00015120528,0.000026801195,0.000040179308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044897433,0.000061306106,0.000049812414,0.0002985485,0.000013215637,0.000025977906,0.00005912996,0.00011921066,0.00066597655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008159642,0.000086308624,0.0000662633,0.00010586895,0.0009396818,0.000011978114,0.010116831,0.0059783864,0.17060404,0.28642195,0.41344464,0.11221591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045435055,0.000044389886,0.00016287301,0.000025036145,0.000093452705,0.0000017790888,0.0026163373,0.58997464,0.039438393,0.30609602,0.06037924,0.0007134991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052727437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023117054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58399624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014496869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000031079546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8560003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386484996","doi":"10.1119/5.0069535","title":"Closing the Feedback Loop with Mastery Tasks","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University; Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Icon; Citation; Closing (real estate); Computer science; Download; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Multimedia; Bookmarking; Filter (signal processing); Programming language","score_opus":0.03895759917425288,"score_gpt":0.2490371180082209,"score_spread":0.21007951883396803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386484996","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3353074,0.000105132785,0.63661623,0.0064280964,0.0008008242,0.0004041867,0.0000010386497,0.00072261435,0.019614475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95652413,0.000002100052,0.00030557002,0.00019463048,0.0005755975,0.000014394063,8.58893e-7,0.000019757592,0.042362988],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990272,0.00013187503,0.00010131098,0.00020338173,0.00025989657,0.00027636805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999164,0.00010869765,0.000074082716,0.000590187,0.00003884933,0.00002420235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048462846,0.00011837161,0.00009556237,0.000016315986,0.0003346865,0.00022199802,0.0007741775,0.000020696301,0.000005842879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008000987,0.000055937686,0.00005220013,0.00043241365,0.00005762503,0.00019914383,0.00022007107,0.00029765442,0.0006444413],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016263533,0.000088095454,0.004971618,0.000031808617,0.00021548136,0.000029696861,0.03573088,0.017140752,0.00379566,0.8108358,0.0089542465,0.11818973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012847113,0.000543989,0.033289433,0.00088274735,0.00013852867,0.00010609186,0.010761398,0.39639872,0.017076261,0.04901445,0.4882714,0.002232273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054793305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016522719,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7618213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023079396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024025601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82832044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387014962","doi":"10.1119/5.0101876","title":"Rectangular Compound Pendulums","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dawson College; Cegep de Trois-Rivieres; Cegep de Thetford; John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Icon; Citation; Download; Computer science; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Filter (signal processing); Search engine; Programming language","score_opus":0.019518800057802464,"score_gpt":0.2736945969201291,"score_spread":0.2541757968623266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387014962","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25819412,0.000047473924,0.0010224468,0.0007780281,0.00020252568,0.00018890116,0.000017214312,0.00018392634,0.7393654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948822,0.0000014670504,0.000021051288,0.00006147207,0.0008868634,0.000043860255,0.000034966975,0.000025823134,0.0040422725],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992338,0.000054136442,0.000105015046,0.00017131193,0.00015690802,0.000278832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953854,0.00006918209,0.000037759757,0.00029268174,0.000020638157,0.00004121886],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119840406,0.00014572735,0.00014659893,0.000009727588,0.00028832024,0.00003579482,0.00022782973,0.000012801581,0.00028856302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016999281,0.00009562343,0.00012435441,0.00026441115,0.00021334266,0.00006240473,0.0001895339,0.00018042572,0.0014455549],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005152911,0.000112788686,0.001434693,0.0000021472977,0.000111090834,8.2254246e-7,0.0013959658,0.000019575496,0.0029032335,0.98481494,0.006004771,0.0031947992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017127249,0.000016320162,0.00032828396,0.0000061657,0.000023139124,1.3248305e-7,0.0013447759,0.0004495759,0.005741885,0.9896709,0.0020951882,0.00015239143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009776801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.038042e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73668814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012225048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008126936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99933195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393294751","doi":"10.1119/5.0126405","title":"Activities to Help High School Students Understand Newton’s Second Law of Motion","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Motion (physics); Mathematics education; Newton's laws of motion; Physics education; Law; Sociology; Theoretical physics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Political science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.07682325174665719,"score_gpt":0.4058948784423174,"score_spread":0.32907162669566026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393294751","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9389689,0.000045851004,0.00075486745,0.007584986,0.00083036063,0.00016668368,0.0000053853,0.000047953657,0.051595043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9656371,0.0000055997775,0.00001646452,0.00035262556,0.00058534916,0.000007199729,0.0000010494276,0.0000061904884,0.033388462],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912065,0.00015860755,0.000076493896,0.0001265743,0.00037084986,0.00014683227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996306,0.00010323077,0.00002451616,0.00014407712,0.000025462752,0.00007216063],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065193605,0.000055626395,0.00006933696,0.000023012868,0.00027075177,0.00016874653,0.00029310517,0.000027457383,0.0012358719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002699728,0.000041817046,0.000035689984,0.00026761997,0.00021554055,0.0002550517,0.00003631968,0.00012695133,0.00014145667],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000060199427,0.00011795948,0.0016740235,0.000011869929,0.000032357024,2.3250738e-7,0.20045619,0.000029923938,0.0014452515,0.77436036,0.016516473,0.005349367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028422015,0.000103880164,0.01763248,0.00009185901,0.00006786097,5.136458e-7,0.46667087,0.00008209406,0.007096736,0.3307803,0.17676793,0.00042124346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002846065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019410154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44358003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012200172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016553828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996771},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405893268","doi":"10.1119/10.0034781","title":"<i>Short videos on AI/LLM Limitations and “Hacks” by Alberta Tech</i>","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"High tech; Mathematics education; Computer graphics (images); Psychology; Engineering; Engineering physics; Gerontology; Computer science; Medicine; History; Archaeology","score_opus":0.03592132446913149,"score_gpt":0.25163614732048273,"score_spread":0.21571482285135124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405893268","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022298831,0.0017590582,0.4971969,0.04157618,0.0010324933,0.0007464253,0.000013327369,0.0008311629,0.4345456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794617,0.00006861529,0.00022170956,0.002341614,0.00018337528,0.000024821013,0.0000037496686,0.00002053412,0.017673876],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991246,0.000062657375,0.0001128746,0.00032089444,0.00017989997,0.0001990834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910665,0.00031723437,0.000012254331,0.00048152145,0.00002879958,0.0000535291],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015688015,0.00013850622,0.00010263725,0.000017942253,0.00016896684,0.00030534362,0.00051346864,0.00003962698,0.00002097106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000389065,0.0000825266,0.000057152785,0.00024794988,0.00013223407,0.0003506909,0.00016393045,0.00028310716,0.00036227467],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005356349,0.00021103717,0.000020498379,0.00001541343,0.0000819178,0.0000018761186,0.008370196,0.000030260844,0.0057769315,0.12924555,0.61979276,0.2364482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016027213,0.00035501673,0.00006080327,0.000093197545,0.000056594374,0.000012553556,0.00010608907,0.21454301,0.024891313,0.0764393,0.6827111,0.0005707244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000091826965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000115325975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95716286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000257961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030282967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46564287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406854824","doi":"10.1119/5.0173668","title":"A Golf Ball Trajectory Experiment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dawson College; Cegep de Trois-Rivieres; Cegep de Thetford; John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Ball (mathematics); Trajectory; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Classical mechanics; Mathematics education; Mechanics; Aeronautics; Engineering; Mathematics; Geometry; Astronomy","score_opus":0.007176871995561701,"score_gpt":0.21369274773423821,"score_spread":0.20651587573867652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406854824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8937915,0.0009563033,0.04046799,0.0003486152,0.0010682519,0.0002803447,0.000005791668,0.00054915505,0.062532045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99769974,0.000018979825,0.00011022595,0.00007610139,0.00010248822,0.0000196186,0.0000036184151,0.000016369106,0.001952848],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996465,0.0000066553525,0.000075864875,0.00007896537,0.00006264516,0.00012937956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999726,0.000007767012,0.000008506893,0.00023382793,0.000007729308,0.000016187036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006611319,0.000090186084,0.000076274795,0.000014425015,0.00003406359,0.000016734446,0.00014217374,0.000030684296,0.000032973276],"category_scores_gemma":[8.5089533e-7,0.00006493476,0.000051521936,0.00011544443,0.000014979773,0.000022167626,0.000027220467,0.00011445719,0.00002278769],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004899881,0.00076494465,0.0005567534,0.00016854338,0.0010165459,0.000012507833,0.009061282,0.026112843,0.4272739,0.26972318,0.062945396,0.20231509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007995672,0.00003429297,0.0023444456,0.000075740536,0.0001285184,0.0000019029164,0.0009956473,0.8123865,0.06267618,0.036130287,0.083668746,0.0007581348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011402558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002330197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7862737,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055533314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011561468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26479626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408851506","doi":"10.1119/5.0189754","title":"A 3D-Printed Solar Telescope for Students","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"3d printed; Telescope; Physics; Astronomy; Solar telescope; Optics; Mathematics education; Engineering physics; Engineering; Mathematics; Manufacturing engineering","score_opus":0.012158382466330822,"score_gpt":0.3234508574178155,"score_spread":0.31129247495148465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408851506","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19049108,0.00019434543,0.15231992,0.0010316537,0.0004180273,0.0012906125,0.000051765473,0.00011356841,0.65408903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994017,0.00000104469,0.00020530453,0.00017746972,0.00036209307,0.0002019484,0.0000136753315,0.000017371549,0.0050041135],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992553,0.000038087845,0.00013765237,0.0001997257,0.00012266371,0.00024656334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949914,0.000090140195,0.000043001895,0.00029239425,0.00004767139,0.000027661345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011881243,0.00016509765,0.00018757943,0.000010111283,0.0002827893,0.000053844924,0.0003804128,0.00001612889,0.00007964969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000037747675,0.00010993836,0.00014599842,0.00012564215,0.00016215857,0.000051738447,0.00027441222,0.00015657666,0.00006267392],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000328162,0.0005614045,0.005204076,0.000009285495,0.00038662044,5.5989965e-8,0.00070190895,0.000009734178,0.0018946164,0.9780237,0.0021600584,0.011015736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006151741,0.000029457939,0.00036037894,0.000028384547,0.00008238548,1.7158346e-8,0.00071541243,0.00028008662,0.018190943,0.9766577,0.0028873598,0.00015272558],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047222897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.3298562e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8035259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002110042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018053694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44831562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409990798","doi":"10.1119/5.0180851","title":"Insights on Supporting Students in First-Year Physics Labs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; Mathematics education; Science education; Engineering physics; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008911202690122454,"score_gpt":0.26597711469976726,"score_spread":0.2570659120096448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409990798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9687423,0.000109394576,0.0028372803,0.000048404483,0.0003047262,0.00018707078,9.3606906e-7,0.00033168812,0.027438166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99889207,0.0000070809137,0.00017134628,0.000048324375,0.0001621326,0.000036875856,0.000004117158,0.00004789093,0.000630184],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999228,0.000025858171,0.00016914427,0.0001504966,0.00018533858,0.00024117315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956095,0.00006521164,0.000022777702,0.0003187424,0.000008768754,0.000023564755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000099526565,0.00017387528,0.00015318024,0.000034810953,0.00006204043,0.000039357088,0.0003287968,0.000045764966,0.000011494721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014826081,0.00014939997,0.00004966702,0.0002964861,0.000023875642,0.00008259923,0.00009453706,0.00046888346,0.0001102413],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012683311,0.0002818486,0.028847944,0.00009551393,0.0001550592,0.000007152276,0.008945998,0.9250502,0.011679962,0.020169111,0.001344753,0.0034097757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004818409,0.00021232133,0.108006865,0.0016479391,0.00013590256,0.0000014875471,0.004591041,0.5562074,0.26498523,0.031883236,0.02498104,0.0025290982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012189284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004465604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36884278,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001580874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062986537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6092354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409990811","doi":"10.1119/5.0263993","title":"Comments on “Studying the Physics of the Sling by Automating the Shooting”","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Physics education; Trouble shooting; Sling (weapon); Theoretical physics; Physics; Mathematics education; Engineering physics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.010272431480442866,"score_gpt":0.21867933416327426,"score_spread":0.20840690268283138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409990811","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9757291,0.0001684863,0.013934512,0.002300103,0.00086439593,0.0005779736,0.000017243605,0.00018869298,0.0062194895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990349,0.0000096677695,0.00004196117,0.0004441925,0.00015613926,0.000019693247,0.0000036835056,0.00003159575,0.0002581921],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991432,0.00006304209,0.0002123241,0.00011911735,0.00023649698,0.00022583135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903584,0.00017470731,0.00010004171,0.0006519333,0.000025908963,0.000011575959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004692735,0.00017503883,0.00014684144,0.000008265209,0.00040915742,0.000054721244,0.000709244,0.00003896529,0.000003329842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016740365,0.00007567207,0.0001245376,0.00035825718,0.00006461283,0.00003491136,0.00019298091,0.00046719023,0.0000035731696],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037578582,0.0010671372,0.009477669,0.00033488174,0.0021925922,0.0000012544047,0.03578236,0.24550179,0.10798107,0.18147156,0.03218194,0.38397017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023790216,0.000011864501,0.0012108585,0.00016908249,0.00012311425,3.715026e-7,0.0015612476,0.9716332,0.009085584,0.0137931425,0.0019823108,0.00019129696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042313288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003882272,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72613144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058892078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013161756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31469494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415739513","doi":"10.1119/5.0266558","title":"The Physics Show—A community college delivers BIG on community outreach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Outreach; TRIPS architecture; Community college; Quarter (Canadian coin); Physics education","score_opus":0.04917088098574724,"score_gpt":0.2864209749542347,"score_spread":0.23725009396848745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415739513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7807148,0.0002753532,0.008976497,0.0016614012,0.0019859,0.00044338527,0.00006036359,0.0008633859,0.20501892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99469984,0.000043896838,0.00003095912,0.0002837153,0.00022133153,0.00003520839,0.000020729047,0.000035265773,0.0046290653],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903977,0.00040053565,0.00013758826,0.00006395358,0.00011946383,0.00023871375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998099,0.0007228118,0.000024115403,0.0010711263,0.000043553395,0.00003936003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050958036,0.00019120135,0.00014652747,0.000020185127,0.0009207992,0.00004869555,0.0006918233,0.000048991824,0.000008592409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036687896,0.00013309032,0.00008564539,0.0002865007,0.000114781564,0.0000413591,0.000092149276,0.0016373369,0.00006887461],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094310395,0.001973572,0.0017607816,0.00033187232,0.0012831888,0.0000011476887,0.054563407,0.21068342,0.0028755679,0.2795954,0.2075066,0.23933074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031926043,0.00032288925,0.04108376,0.00046520907,0.0005561411,0.000004857002,0.0521526,0.17903401,0.019893114,0.10101479,0.5998496,0.0024304558],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042985423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020687257,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39234295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013147107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038251394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7113505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}