{"meta":{"query_hash":"c2937f5586f9","filters":{"venue":"Weed Biology and Management"},"cohort_total":24,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":24,"exported":24,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/c2937f5586f9","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Weed+Biology+and+Management"},"results":[{"id":"W1540497257","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-0552-3_12","title":"Diversified Weed Management Systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Heap (data structure); Weed; Cropping; Exploit; Weed control; Biology; Agroforestry; Population; Ecology; Biotechnology; Business; Agronomy; Computer science; Agriculture; Environmental health; Medicine; Computer security","score_opus":0.017157553343759048,"score_gpt":0.20363105801737857,"score_spread":0.18647350467361953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1540497257","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006372902,0.0019842167,0.00002851527,0.0016451465,0.00033057493,0.0023066706,0.000115061746,0.0001720377,0.9927805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2719454,0.0016494354,0.00016463149,0.0011104109,0.00060757145,0.00089637586,0.0009336223,0.0000071567415,0.7226854],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986444,0.000018315935,0.00029378917,0.00061065226,0.00011916735,0.00031369354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995244,0.000037947164,0.00016334678,0.0001387765,0.00003172946,0.00010380885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013852069,0.0003308693,0.00036144585,0.000046231897,0.00029542792,0.000054103824,0.0003268555,0.0003271603,0.00047884617],"category_scores_gemma":[7.330051e-7,0.00014629061,0.000120227734,0.00004638798,0.00013774278,0.000031578096,0.00035211688,0.00016596512,0.00030849111],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028083072,0.000024094621,0.0000076919105,0.00007338283,0.000350711,0.000020773045,0.000006104677,0.0000022490838,0.0017222489,0.93460023,0.0014111175,0.06175333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043519464,0.00014701905,0.009918235,0.00010451161,0.00028619758,0.0000033752128,0.00009028537,0.0000038049075,0.000002469327,0.06792976,0.920698,0.00038115348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012384057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016667282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9192869,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056590623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000025156462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59655577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1541321400","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12018","title":"Comparative seed predation of woolly cupgrass (<i><scp>E</scp>riochloa villosa</i>) and yellow foxtail (<i><scp>S</scp>etaria pumila</i>) along a field border in <scp>C</scp>anada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Biology; Villosa; Predation; Vicia villosa; Seed predation; Botany; Weed; Horticulture; Agronomy; Ecology; Population; Cover crop","score_opus":0.013115111709708341,"score_gpt":0.22721844867795038,"score_spread":0.21410333696824205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1541321400","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97682995,0.0016758373,0.000059602524,0.0014622797,0.00021962149,0.0016396327,0.00005763406,0.00007439693,0.017981026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935084,0.0011199743,0.0004256724,0.0017587761,0.00012531898,0.00026701807,0.00016108209,0.0000037698912,0.0026300114],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971323,0.00035910058,0.0006780473,0.00086852576,0.00021640053,0.00074562186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956618,0.0034255944,0.00038642704,0.00016864018,0.00016556802,0.0001919866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046594016,0.00047361598,0.0008164464,0.000096150005,0.00026297325,0.00011099349,0.0004566279,0.00046730824,0.000048044592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009470238,0.00022740864,0.00014126414,0.0004627976,0.00048598702,0.00026858252,0.0004564863,0.00035736948,0.000034969362],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008943749,0.0010408399,0.13711366,0.00029266992,0.0010395122,0.000057332894,0.0017185594,0.00003947948,0.744013,0.024685372,0.060029875,0.029880261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014366889,0.001333127,0.86704636,0.00007529419,0.000096588614,0.0000071661943,0.008456467,0.00015632727,0.012223231,0.0062588817,0.10276965,0.0001402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028691716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007067878,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73178977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034686396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013085445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9273455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965791781","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00196.x","title":"Responses of otebo bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) to postemergence herbicides","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Bentazon; Shoot; Phaseolus; Biology; Weed control; Dry bean; Weed; Dry weight; Agronomy; Horticulture; Crop","score_opus":0.010367281931243864,"score_gpt":0.23888459167981724,"score_spread":0.22851730974857337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965791781","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849015,0.00064881763,0.00014980213,0.0060789203,0.000060554838,0.000542857,0.00004090118,0.000052051855,0.0075246254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99700576,0.000027261325,0.00029494544,0.0007702602,0.0000966582,0.00010252209,0.000032590004,7.081736e-7,0.0016692776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921125,0.000050723218,0.00022328667,0.00025586208,0.000056990284,0.00020189844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969745,0.00008059863,0.00006435944,0.00007073146,0.000034264758,0.00005257302],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017644092,0.000104833154,0.00015509043,0.000024328032,0.00013668505,0.000010459989,0.00016845371,0.00006068756,0.00009248469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074267,0.000045156703,0.000042596308,0.0001886087,0.00007618521,0.000026911406,0.00011070444,0.000038921877,0.000024016656],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000096664444,0.00007261378,0.0028986407,0.000010173502,0.000024275821,0.0000017621666,0.000011594931,0.0000034451032,0.9083879,0.046007548,0.002310238,0.04017512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002486277,0.00040264352,0.7615717,0.00001662333,0.000042332696,0.0000024342223,0.00016615474,0.000010020987,0.0067335246,0.00893443,0.22167699,0.00019453642],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0054268595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019695284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9016544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000064214532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000017944758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8203824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966648794","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00153.x","title":"White bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) tolerance to preplant‐incorporated herbicides","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Metolachlor; Phaseolus; Shoot; Agronomy; Biology; Dry weight; Cultivar; Dry bean; Horticulture; Pesticide; Atrazine","score_opus":0.010276639062934287,"score_gpt":0.22810132014220322,"score_spread":0.21782468107926894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966648794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95507884,0.0005769974,0.00043228653,0.021021519,0.000103653736,0.0011676087,0.000053295284,0.00021843145,0.021347398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99116164,0.000041232855,0.0009337322,0.004512326,0.00025203897,0.0002358324,0.000083442064,0.0000011466686,0.0027785783],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990248,0.000039545044,0.00020405288,0.00038598644,0.000058431917,0.00028716962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966305,0.000036544145,0.00006199252,0.000087457476,0.00003097069,0.00011995583],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015638988,0.00014742244,0.0001736179,0.000021028833,0.00022761883,0.000035064073,0.00020138321,0.000082611055,0.00021937946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003920224,0.0000642321,0.00003773992,0.00021476955,0.00005524567,0.00005785162,0.00012056377,0.00007177133,0.00015884514],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001923244,0.00022027832,0.012472303,0.00001738073,0.00010693019,0.0000069856706,0.00010866689,0.000102333914,0.44785136,0.030629352,0.011542643,0.49674943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035747787,0.00024043012,0.38867974,0.000015469306,0.000034697296,0.0000052400264,0.00009813359,0.00015755111,0.0007541322,0.0021296798,0.60727555,0.0002519163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053269515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022896482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59573287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014621458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000019627157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2619309},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968900020","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00231.x","title":"Efficacy of four corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) herbicides when applied with flat fan and air induction nozzles","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Abutilon; Bromoxynil; Dicamba; Lambsquarters; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Glufosinate; Biology; Weed; Agronomy; Weed control; Field corn; Zea mays; Chenopodium; Horticulture; Ragweed; Glyphosate","score_opus":0.013660866394875093,"score_gpt":0.21463632189040818,"score_spread":0.20097545549553308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968900020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99094164,0.00013334298,0.00038541493,0.0014144235,0.000025358686,0.00050877896,0.000005403153,0.00004360152,0.006542032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985337,0.000035056983,0.00065951556,0.0004081944,0.00008474035,0.000044063803,0.000026182166,0.0000010292755,0.00020747597],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992948,0.000017173457,0.00017060003,0.0002648038,0.000056944755,0.0001956526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968433,0.000091371076,0.0000878268,0.000056668425,0.000022456163,0.00005734234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021669832,0.00011855332,0.00016556881,0.00002338548,0.00014730333,0.000010462008,0.00009228051,0.00008655955,0.000024582056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026112202,0.000047167156,0.000022399567,0.00011364061,0.00016571062,0.000032219188,0.00007336825,0.000053349482,0.0000036087315],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028161603,0.000050372015,0.0030691097,0.000019163515,0.000078672994,0.0000021670955,0.00006010827,7.4837607e-7,0.64164144,0.03740009,0.00012687189,0.31726962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007531066,0.00029761085,0.9705678,0.000015918382,0.000067365145,0.0000078865205,0.00075605744,0.0000030251397,0.0036674766,0.006816599,0.016887043,0.00016009722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060815504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011594815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9674987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000062321633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000013532372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19234207},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985994841","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00271.x","title":"Flat fan and air induction nozzles affect soybean herbicide efficacy","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; University of Guelph","funders":"University of Guelph","keywords":"Bentazon; Abutilon; Nozzle; Glyphosate; Weed control; Weed; Biology; Lambsquarters; Echinochloa; Horticulture; Agronomy; Chenopodium; Physics","score_opus":0.024660018788592,"score_gpt":0.22052246616033883,"score_spread":0.19586244737174682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985994841","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99695677,0.0005708957,0.0000018583954,0.0007864121,0.00008053753,0.0002604693,0.000010900927,0.000048545753,0.0012836332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99812996,0.0009169186,0.00006250319,0.00021659465,0.00004269032,0.000017760087,0.000081323946,5.5996134e-7,0.00053171074],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943703,0.00004124589,0.00008219219,0.00023284815,0.00003677465,0.00016991985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985343,0.0000338176,0.000029608505,0.000029343564,0.00000519965,0.000048581784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006464729,0.00010842046,0.00011763384,0.0000106493935,0.00028917764,0.000008533436,0.000050045586,0.00006524335,0.00003084358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002756861,0.000038372153,0.000019640573,0.000051883693,0.00009856973,0.00004464733,0.00008813472,0.00003591012,0.000019146824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027259052,0.00025168207,0.11844757,0.000043399963,0.00036327454,0.00008993005,0.00021034169,0.0000026564383,0.3647201,0.0022866447,0.0018533884,0.51145846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037022555,0.00035756393,0.96004283,0.000012609692,0.000028533106,0.000035128167,0.00017291417,0.0000065483196,0.0022730338,0.00020262583,0.036352653,0.00014532279],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044531946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018255437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8415953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000064978003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.6691103e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22241497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997030268","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2008.00277.x","title":"Growth and fitness of triazine‐susceptible and triazine‐resistant common waterhemp (<i>Amaranthus tuberculatus</i> var. <i>rudis</i>)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Greenhouse; Biomass (ecology); Agronomy; Triazine; Horticulture; Botany","score_opus":0.012895798097018171,"score_gpt":0.21756603348801098,"score_spread":0.20467023539099283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997030268","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928926,0.0013858442,0.000017168944,0.002591597,0.000043404336,0.0005334656,0.000044650245,0.00003905258,0.0024521973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997574,0.0014867185,0.00012734302,0.00034886817,0.00006206626,0.00008767515,0.00006238259,0.0000013970299,0.0002495835],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898285,0.00007171845,0.0002847263,0.00035158542,0.00006657864,0.00024257106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995939,0.00012547037,0.000091904745,0.00007451792,0.000027871945,0.00008631833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018280941,0.0001688722,0.00033980526,0.000027839536,0.0002848591,0.000015771726,0.00012083184,0.00011028484,0.000031572745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007148559,0.00007211192,0.000046974197,0.00016172027,0.00030764073,0.000054902706,0.00015638505,0.00007680361,0.000002780415],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036442507,0.00012832419,0.013697578,0.00007701597,0.00011894929,0.000009350536,0.00009412207,4.586299e-7,0.9427313,0.021813722,0.00040232606,0.020562379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021244471,0.000708676,0.96488965,0.000030185884,0.00013778092,0.00002901674,0.00020413708,0.000036898018,0.0033633704,0.0067956494,0.021359595,0.0003206138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014323505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044033915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9511921,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000046785067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022399063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2940639},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009284900","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2004.00126.x","title":"Application method of nitrogen fertilizer affects weed growth and competition with winter wheat","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sowing; Agronomy; Weed; Weed control; Nitrogen; Fertilizer; Ammonium nitrate; Crop; Biology; Tillage; Shoot; Competition (biology); Field experiment; Biomass (ecology); Human fertilization; Yield (engineering); Ammonium; Mathematics; Chemistry; Materials science","score_opus":0.007204466514545688,"score_gpt":0.22605856195745852,"score_spread":0.21885409544291284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009284900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770404,0.00026029124,0.012752623,0.0052024103,0.000016415464,0.0011275782,0.000014689505,0.000054246233,0.0035313072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99698555,0.000030025929,0.0022747875,0.0003372493,0.000029231975,0.00026273346,0.00005119508,7.334122e-7,0.000028502247],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999488,0.000033945962,0.00009696909,0.0002242152,0.000038828606,0.00011802902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980277,0.000040994175,0.000053058546,0.0000428152,0.000021108719,0.000039269926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009466497,0.00008916718,0.00013377563,0.000015868503,0.00009261376,0.000009781336,0.00006751805,0.000055672586,0.000013196315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016420946,0.000035125497,0.000021004731,0.00010056208,0.000087519795,0.00003529234,0.000050148094,0.00003896517,0.0000032124597],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086764645,0.000057188292,0.0020744475,0.000026506928,0.000053916872,4.643741e-7,0.00002183682,0.0000019152085,0.7883732,0.17349751,0.000009053438,0.035797205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016372133,0.00092792994,0.8594335,0.0000504189,0.00017178507,0.000014985233,0.00034624885,0.00003782518,0.018747058,0.10999119,0.008360018,0.0002818461],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00097579893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004151805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85735905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006265181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000012470493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14751226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010320842","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00326.x","title":"Biology of milk thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>) and the management options for growers in north‐western Pakistan","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","field":"Medicine","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Silybum marianum; Milk Thistle; Thistle; Biology; Weed; Weed control; Agronomy; Crop; Agroforestry; Cirsium arvense; Herb; Crop rotation; Botany; Medicinal herbs; Traditional medicine","score_opus":0.012647175547764296,"score_gpt":0.2984205427362973,"score_spread":0.285773367188533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010320842","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93400866,0.0066631306,0.0046554483,0.015914874,0.00053677184,0.0053184503,0.000034220386,0.0000834987,0.032784976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925432,0.0017810009,0.0022960736,0.001953845,0.000034825338,0.00014347461,0.000053690223,0.000006450256,0.0011874489],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991573,0.000052302265,0.00026348108,0.00026433167,0.000035607078,0.00022696138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996058,0.000067056404,0.0000717382,0.00019574056,0.000017413951,0.00004225794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035453922,0.00012712202,0.00028418296,0.00014996903,0.0000766475,0.0000068727036,0.00008292183,0.00007794786,0.000008969886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000657498,0.00008567594,0.00005083791,0.00011719245,0.00025571845,0.000020944644,0.00009499252,0.000080622995,0.00000136235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023281036,0.00024687298,0.10744322,0.000563445,0.0006612469,0.000031892123,0.0008513904,0.00000393597,0.0010857492,0.748816,0.0008459015,0.13712221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012037482,0.0007013742,0.9059922,0.000095363765,0.00041497697,0.00001530634,0.0010121507,0.0000758266,0.000097320924,0.009308214,0.070052944,0.00019682746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001032723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021882037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.798549,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020032383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000047828717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34937635},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031529642","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2004.00125.x","title":"UV‐absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV‐B radiation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Light effects on plants","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Weed; Biology; Botany; Ozone depletion; Distilled water; Shoot; Ultraviolet B radiation; Sunlight; Stellaria media; Ultraviolet radiation; Chemistry; Ozone","score_opus":0.014054106528789747,"score_gpt":0.22522867015282927,"score_spread":0.21117456362403952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031529642","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954378,0.00010258837,0.00001581812,0.001722932,0.00008673799,0.000349126,0.000018959096,0.000024251935,0.002241807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919987,0.00011980755,0.0001712535,0.00026677415,0.00004825236,0.000011319887,0.00003595238,3.6637755e-7,0.00014637738],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940956,0.00004161049,0.00012802384,0.000227239,0.000047942773,0.00014563123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979097,0.000061101935,0.00004305465,0.00003993839,0.000013096171,0.000051827126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021513832,0.000084779924,0.00013716158,0.000019081886,0.00009132155,0.000014831454,0.00007969148,0.00005475847,0.00002421671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010917254,0.000034740966,0.000019093866,0.0001055989,0.000083505525,0.00004136516,0.000106283944,0.000033243807,0.0000071979425],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010270215,0.000133177,0.10904491,0.000079214675,0.000070267946,0.0000042673087,0.0001907005,0.0000062218614,0.7913212,0.028657265,0.0004636945,0.06992639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025683944,0.00038657687,0.9812406,0.00001688094,0.000013729471,0.0000016031512,0.00015246957,0.0000022530323,0.0059184283,0.0021750564,0.009741462,0.00009412697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036175846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061997597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87219566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014742272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000010983313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14166954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040246457","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00336.x","title":"Response of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to linuron","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Guelph","funders":"University of Guelph","keywords":"Dry bean; Biology; Pinto bean; Crop; Horticulture; Agronomy; Phaseolus","score_opus":0.009603575167926622,"score_gpt":0.2347613397397772,"score_spread":0.22515776457185058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040246457","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9519815,0.00009578579,0.000047993843,0.042846173,0.000021138601,0.00039657185,0.00001774894,0.000028482127,0.0045646504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99454695,0.00003989418,0.00026668317,0.003988905,0.000037048765,0.000021612424,0.000014304711,3.3244214e-7,0.0010842696],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944746,0.000048797716,0.00012580799,0.00020543551,0.00003300404,0.00013948668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997562,0.000042944885,0.00003516277,0.000049112074,0.000016761434,0.0000998304],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021578891,0.000077921104,0.000119787284,0.000019090767,0.000078431476,0.000010734821,0.00009158345,0.00005460555,0.000044056702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013239543,0.00003262199,0.000022269302,0.000110888475,0.000065301494,0.000019983123,0.00005943583,0.00003434863,0.000010262168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044738533,0.00006980144,0.0014370736,0.0000073010297,0.000026138736,0.0000014663228,0.00010938354,9.645029e-7,0.83698285,0.021340111,0.0038052541,0.13577227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020191442,0.00060128723,0.85059655,0.000009912098,0.000019743493,9.2358107e-7,0.00011629389,0.000010467495,0.0003276731,0.0038851795,0.14414425,0.00008583422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000112760456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000071689974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8491594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000036767879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000013060334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13302861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041801345","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00327.x","title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilization and cutting height on the forage yield and feeding value of <i>Eleusine indica</i> in the dry season in Nepal","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Forage; Dry matter; Biology; Agronomy; Human fertilization; Dry season; Fodder; Animal science; Ecology","score_opus":0.010640962717133086,"score_gpt":0.21882541055628665,"score_spread":0.20818444783915357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041801345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99646246,0.00041306048,0.0000045968995,0.002338053,0.000011573355,0.00032374807,0.000001962518,0.0000032596683,0.0004413049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987259,0.00043056824,0.000016583692,0.00079017604,0.000014183035,0.000012539302,0.000006596463,2.416934e-7,0.0000032226233],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954224,0.00009457441,0.00010877497,0.00012441195,0.000032174143,0.00009784183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960226,0.00030553722,0.00005424981,0.000020203388,0.0000064331907,0.0000113125525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022458936,0.00006165302,0.000110501875,0.000021440119,0.00005637741,0.000005244074,0.000059399055,0.00004748886,0.0000018636805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028872553,0.00002030554,0.0000125098095,0.0001390893,0.00008451328,0.000022306636,0.000037652466,0.00005194979,1.1053031e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042754418,0.00037044613,0.15184769,0.00011624397,0.000024521141,0.000009084258,0.00035876816,0.0000032493974,0.616473,0.13493593,0.00010494178,0.09532858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024748594,0.0005306812,0.9841989,0.000074976946,0.000008481172,7.415166e-7,0.00031522915,0.00007977563,0.0048910794,0.009451589,0.00015832609,0.00004268232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000689821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003524172,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83235127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000026366954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.081571e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08280359},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051803774","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00365.x","title":"Tolerance of adzuki bean to preplant‐incorporated, pre‐emergence, and post‐emergence herbicides in Ontario, Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Bentazon; Metribuzin; Atrazine; Pendimethalin; Weed control; Biology; Weed; Agronomy; Phytotoxicity; Crop; Horticulture; Pesticide","score_opus":0.006485674227417499,"score_gpt":0.2006066632777175,"score_spread":0.1941209890503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051803774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995958,0.000120708464,0.0000070123774,0.0015510999,0.000116833435,0.00047690896,0.000026589401,0.000011847583,0.0017310071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99838364,0.000024898392,0.00027944517,0.00053815474,0.000027583394,0.0001058278,0.000033003333,6.553756e-7,0.000606764],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999202,0.00002038886,0.0002227087,0.0002973577,0.00005715835,0.00020035682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970156,0.00003604553,0.000068708934,0.000072507275,0.000036766945,0.00008439737],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013333959,0.00011109627,0.00016719916,0.000019581828,0.00008820867,0.000007700599,0.00016204163,0.00006437516,0.0003002423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071659983,0.000053030522,0.000015770684,0.00016138745,0.00006188861,0.000036349837,0.0001083549,0.0001098567,0.0000019736344],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008659363,0.000054780146,0.1431768,0.000016913607,0.000030603853,0.0000037145412,0.000100278216,0.000012037762,0.8181958,0.010647778,0.0008154039,0.026859263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011611685,0.00012501348,0.9664903,0.000011339585,0.000012189024,0.0000020393645,0.00012706219,0.000019878556,0.0006889421,0.0010224581,0.031266943,0.000117665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.957956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9980781,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82331353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008982652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017536795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32874426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085112063","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00190.x","title":"Reduced herbicide doses in field crops: A review","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cropping; Weed control; Cropping system; Biology; Agronomy; Weed; Crop; Cover crop; Agroforestry; Agriculture; Ecology","score_opus":0.031186175807864067,"score_gpt":0.31271145065808786,"score_spread":0.2815252748502238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085112063","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000027533935,0.9877514,0.0000017051333,0.0016615897,0.00005810286,0.0015657719,0.00002050202,0.000043530392,0.008869811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007502148,0.9955985,0.00004825157,0.0013385895,0.00014895327,0.0011353499,0.00029618683,0.000001571288,0.0013575891],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985431,0.00013870762,0.0004905085,0.00048586613,0.000051945844,0.00028987287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994545,0.00019711471,0.00017614845,0.00011129467,0.000013839749,0.00004707699],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024362672,0.0002753797,0.0009140099,0.000035288434,0.00009479568,0.000021557602,0.00029294347,0.00024707709,0.00015843961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013609994,0.00010124338,0.00018609251,0.00034973444,0.00004874335,0.000024713949,0.00016095105,0.0001994166,0.000071211165],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023562625,0.00003685126,0.0000058219566,0.003921049,0.00004093606,0.0000061331784,8.755112e-7,1.0207092e-8,0.000050524326,0.0034701854,0.0039766263,0.9884886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000070624475,0.00007090742,0.0011006232,0.0062203556,0.00025913017,0.0000054109187,0.0000050972535,1.7871729e-7,4.4506487e-7,0.0008694007,0.99117607,0.00022175912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002780834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001853743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9882669,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022295266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005686501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42038077},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092367279","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2008.00317.x","title":"Phosphorus fertilizer effects on the competition between wheat and several weed species","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Weed; Biology; Competition (biology); Fertilizer; Agronomy; Phosphorus; Crop; Weed control; Ecology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.012625504192616281,"score_gpt":0.2145659823122902,"score_spread":0.20194047811967392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092367279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592853,0.0003057693,0.000021086122,0.029056545,0.000036885427,0.0006572638,0.000009935597,0.000047686564,0.010579514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995823,0.00008206678,0.0000344793,0.0030333654,0.00012150248,0.00008485142,0.00003812105,4.110641e-7,0.0007821695],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994255,0.00005308769,0.000095857555,0.00021207878,0.000045874876,0.0001676377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997018,0.00016585276,0.00002980356,0.00005047048,0.000010201132,0.000041886768],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011574268,0.00010519559,0.00012516059,0.000009350963,0.00028798304,0.000033727036,0.00009609389,0.00006041576,0.000041925858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004338417,0.000034912384,0.000028943214,0.00007692619,0.000072017356,0.000024310046,0.00004439233,0.00007135003,0.0000199548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000096814954,0.000066836554,0.0033112874,0.000010125923,0.000075940225,0.000002521876,0.000042222997,5.140382e-7,0.2021168,0.41059554,0.0018362412,0.38184518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018770687,0.0003101191,0.8998928,0.0000112368625,0.000027559418,5.956758e-7,0.000056261608,0.000007929788,0.0004554482,0.014343988,0.08462299,0.00008333897],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002016167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000451799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89658153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000074238287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.532885e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2214962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100690634","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00169.x","title":"Inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth by hound’s‐tongue (<i>Cynoglossum officinale</i> L.) seed leachate","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Seedling; Germination; Biology; Leaching (pedology); Shoot; Elongation; Leachate; Botany; Horticulture; Agronomy; Soil water","score_opus":0.008608710354816853,"score_gpt":0.21999254678811175,"score_spread":0.2113838364332949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2100690634","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930171,0.0003664687,0.000085811174,0.001500594,0.000072275056,0.00026678885,0.00003381958,0.00003251243,0.0046246657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831164,0.00031280742,0.00012317543,0.0003632863,0.00009999863,0.000025577616,0.00012334553,8.6371506e-7,0.00063928426],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993181,0.00005655261,0.00019106214,0.00022809596,0.000054400327,0.0001517454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999735,0.00005471308,0.00010198036,0.000029936704,0.00003820518,0.000040166087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018615683,0.00011291373,0.0001352468,0.000022653347,0.00018535953,0.00001656208,0.000050331015,0.00009122196,0.000032006108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006815468,0.00005475794,0.000030661136,0.00010623385,0.00009639307,0.00011114223,0.0000662687,0.00008035082,0.0000059763897],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010882246,0.00016611085,0.0077035394,0.00006195612,0.00007172074,0.0000025459524,0.00029694004,0.0000036235701,0.9247669,0.00966521,0.0006233019,0.05652933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013707059,0.0010790604,0.846016,0.0001548545,0.00013407982,0.000034849807,0.0029295038,0.0005924975,0.06749721,0.0040111504,0.07547339,0.00070670753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015789423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013320196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8572697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014604924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000016675527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22329639},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113451809","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00270.x","title":"Response of pinto and small red Mexican beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) to preplant‐incorporated herbicides","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"University of Guelph","keywords":"Pinto bean; Phaseolus; Trifluralin; Dry bean; Metolachlor; Squash; Shoot; Biology; Agronomy; Weed control; Harrow; Horticulture; Weed; Pesticide; Atrazine","score_opus":0.019360934220979977,"score_gpt":0.22437655229391343,"score_spread":0.20501561807293345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113451809","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926944,0.0002357514,0.000113634,0.0048496416,0.000026204449,0.00056001544,0.000033577053,0.00005280367,0.0014339987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974025,0.000104707244,0.00044467938,0.001004141,0.00003209879,0.00011476328,0.000036829148,0.0000010594047,0.00085924094],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991005,0.000106825355,0.00022109583,0.00032337575,0.000048617014,0.00019956594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995565,0.00012945375,0.00008287082,0.0000834128,0.000038819442,0.00010896952],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027661578,0.00012580921,0.00021144541,0.000030069888,0.00020471492,0.000008715656,0.00013900206,0.00008178016,0.00003601895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018448298,0.000056995683,0.00003135673,0.00019815793,0.00015775634,0.00002468355,0.00013297677,0.00005283485,0.000006698571],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008504917,0.00008398811,0.006245559,0.0000110203755,0.00006491866,0.000009252426,0.0001048453,0.0000019583292,0.97328204,0.0037065612,0.0010208485,0.014618521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053162954,0.0008915795,0.9106934,0.000021142543,0.00004752994,0.000019128209,0.00021521207,0.000028751327,0.0050603673,0.0024383136,0.079838835,0.00021409502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019140809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011810102,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96822166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008285594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004075704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28935304},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138164943","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-0552-3_2","title":"Invasive Ecology of Weeds in Agricultural Systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Ecological succession; Invasive species; Recreation; Weed; Agriculture; Geography; Ecology; Pasture; Agroforestry; Economic cost; Ecosystem; Biology; Economics","score_opus":0.017673648653487816,"score_gpt":0.19706471700281084,"score_spread":0.17939106834932303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138164943","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18287973,0.0071381414,8.460832e-7,0.0025193032,0.0007571079,0.0026368606,0.00025291226,0.000093340306,0.8037217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95796716,0.0022826395,0.000034188568,0.00026651222,0.00020631313,0.00009157788,0.00028208367,0.0000019918718,0.038867533],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985085,0.00006097526,0.00050060137,0.0005145731,0.000088793066,0.0003265221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921876,0.00023795081,0.00033182156,0.00007550146,0.0000687456,0.00006721762],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001939146,0.0003462172,0.0007020663,0.000059302976,0.000067855544,0.000015884152,0.00031647144,0.000694969,0.00032157253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023836115,0.00012390122,0.00013635062,0.000062133666,0.00040629687,0.000033379045,0.00031203756,0.00026085065,0.000036322683],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006261686,0.0000470603,0.0010755155,0.00011916182,0.00019713193,0.00003803311,0.000012073684,0.00000484863,0.016820323,0.9718494,0.00025855162,0.009515325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010589566,0.001996888,0.7935438,0.00046795022,0.00015167503,0.000020070482,0.00039851962,7.011577e-7,0.00016503019,0.085013606,0.116345525,0.0008372785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005028952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026908857,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88683575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073882045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007761694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5360238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138794912","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00364.x","title":"Tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to cloransulam‐methyl","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Dry bean; Horticulture; Biology; Phaseolus","score_opus":0.007443757790417218,"score_gpt":0.22994562517452768,"score_spread":0.22250186738411046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138794912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904019,0.00007907149,0.00003425799,0.004931667,0.00006831133,0.00019565414,0.000022814535,0.000013988636,0.004252293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99773,0.00024376623,0.0004704335,0.0009657298,0.00006846419,0.000012565996,0.00002233943,5.307358e-7,0.00048615524],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993124,0.000035910067,0.00016782948,0.00026029022,0.000051201598,0.00017237323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969786,0.000040928302,0.000048098787,0.000060856433,0.000025685622,0.00012655415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023850736,0.00010076956,0.00019367051,0.000020625166,0.00008631316,0.0000133409885,0.00012104955,0.00007848449,0.00013008348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019503312,0.00004048853,0.00004000766,0.00015156857,0.00013860439,0.000027402042,0.000118180986,0.00007526317,0.0000072967305],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009508771,0.00008965433,0.05861143,0.000051917257,0.000116645024,0.000005891294,0.00012402983,0.0000053200056,0.73518425,0.022329943,0.0016297019,0.18175612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017902783,0.000178769,0.8923516,0.000013900019,0.000049800634,0.0000014981885,0.00009528265,0.000048270216,0.00082024676,0.0021340686,0.10399095,0.00013656722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023672113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00091362436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8337402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000017019868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000014199998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16510743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150668180","doi":"10.1111/j.1445-6664.2008.00287.x","title":"Effect of amitrole and 2,4‐D applied preplant and pre‐emergence in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"University of Guelph","keywords":"Glycine; Sowing; Agronomy; Horticulture; Biology; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.005981385034809199,"score_gpt":0.21098220533533724,"score_spread":0.20500082030052805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150668180","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965515,0.0006067766,0.0000106810685,0.00038165174,0.000013466526,0.0005020287,0.000007953713,0.00001617942,0.0019097448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99911225,0.00043530937,0.000055501943,0.0001032527,0.000021995402,0.00012994675,0.00001708739,4.964359e-7,0.00012415276],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940526,0.000040254596,0.00014289285,0.00023867519,0.00003263454,0.00014030721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978256,0.0000849935,0.000045785,0.00004200425,0.000005651494,0.000038987244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018385754,0.00009323918,0.00017924742,0.00001729507,0.00008988675,0.0000038006533,0.00006436457,0.000054602242,0.000018066583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035405728,0.00003788052,0.000013996444,0.00008768521,0.00013216911,0.000020010053,0.0000960066,0.000046674824,0.0000015151426],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035600344,0.00006638878,0.058964368,0.0000776936,0.000049068603,0.000003782624,0.00010397434,0.0000015371778,0.80740225,0.0129929865,0.0001735681,0.1198084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063423667,0.0005217953,0.99150825,0.000010459389,0.000027270175,0.000007789958,0.0000449156,0.00004259959,0.0024579081,0.0010336522,0.003606587,0.000104557155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006072108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003288107,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9325439,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000022335423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.8496604e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15447228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592964557","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12114","title":"Growth and photosynthetic responses of invasive <i>Bidens frondosa</i> to light and water availability: <scp>A c</scp>omparison with invasive and native congeners","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biology; Invasive species; Bidens pilosa; Biomass (ecology); Photosynthesis; Specific leaf area; Congener; Botany; Weed; Phenotypic plasticity; Relative growth rate; Growth rate; Ecology","score_opus":0.026103024653891378,"score_gpt":0.21959979067477894,"score_spread":0.19349676602088756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2592964557","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951905,0.0005354136,4.7627051e-7,0.0018276619,0.000020953798,0.00039036668,0.00004060181,0.000010283269,0.0019837606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974927,0.0017931364,0.000051619765,0.0002519992,0.000020654896,0.000036757934,0.0000056883496,8.360256e-7,0.00034664766],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922305,0.00006266967,0.000118444164,0.00034680305,0.000050751052,0.00019829889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994806,0.00030083154,0.0000760725,0.000036540005,0.00003289126,0.00007308183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015835917,0.00014688532,0.0002554607,0.000021597505,0.000389564,0.000050123515,0.00009810723,0.000059438902,0.0000041677285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011612122,0.000051547508,0.000014444933,0.00002717699,0.00039345014,0.000060684903,0.00039882687,0.000047747915,0.0000017154548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002595437,0.000038756207,0.22951213,0.00008043192,0.00019547563,0.000016884891,0.0010463244,2.12967e-8,0.7645503,0.0008933128,0.00064159464,0.0027651733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004943648,0.0013089025,0.8054,0.00008371313,0.000097701326,0.000010648194,0.0032704822,0.0000012216258,0.17650831,0.0010083845,0.011678373,0.00013788693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004569893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060698143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.588042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000035681867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000204138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33870986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211057091","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-0552-3_10","title":"Herbicide Resistance","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Herbicide resistance; Resistance (ecology); Population; Glyphosate; Agronomy; Toxicology; Biotechnology; Weed; Medicine; Environmental health; Computer science","score_opus":0.01305587501688542,"score_gpt":0.2137137625954403,"score_spread":0.20065788757855488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4211057091","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003566676,0.0027925223,0.000013199451,0.0049477536,0.00008298847,0.0006426869,0.000056648092,0.0000993488,0.99100816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08956728,0.0010504865,0.00030346814,0.0019772456,0.00041714593,0.0001922016,0.00032752214,0.000003394235,0.90616125],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990968,0.000009478542,0.0001998235,0.0004233114,0.00006266245,0.00020792468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996734,0.00004068812,0.00010596207,0.00009021803,0.000023568053,0.000066151384],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008827659,0.00021678426,0.00023975813,0.00001722952,0.00018410008,0.000021588785,0.00019486436,0.00020268516,0.00078610453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015808685,0.00008896359,0.00008099391,0.000027011112,0.00012874573,0.00001990165,0.00012661726,0.00014535469,0.00016339522],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019145149,0.000009873172,0.000005916195,0.000021018106,0.00007574885,0.0000066645393,0.00000376794,1.4399909e-7,0.0050415513,0.94693154,0.0016372285,0.046247415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000110827335,0.00003870227,0.0053263525,0.0000452907,0.00005121284,8.781903e-7,0.0000065978284,1.4710804e-7,0.000007659883,0.2997644,0.6944826,0.00016530267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002705472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019653398,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6928454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028186387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000033770598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86072934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285030523","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12255","title":"Growth and nutrient accumulation metrics of <i>Diodia saponariifolia</i> plants as a potential native cover crop in southeastern Brazil","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Biology; Cover crop; Agroecosystem; Transplanting; Crop; Agronomy; Dry weight; Cutting; Nutrient; Biomass (ecology); Agriculture; Greenhouse; Horticulture; Seedling; Ecology","score_opus":0.014680668278634429,"score_gpt":0.2482859836934159,"score_spread":0.23360531541478147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285030523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961154,0.00042144812,0.00006981731,0.0012475696,0.000045121258,0.00043106938,0.00009333371,0.000012474364,0.0015637783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990865,0.00009483426,0.000023670544,0.00044531867,0.000023794724,0.00011592304,0.00008263688,5.8770615e-7,0.00012671501],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931246,0.00008092681,0.00016309324,0.000221527,0.00008373497,0.00013825987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977875,0.000058982023,0.00008373904,0.000031296448,0.000014575306,0.000032669275],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016773575,0.00008047478,0.00013481634,0.000048689762,0.00016395835,0.0000114451,0.000099912766,0.000040830324,0.00007607325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007115968,0.00003996028,0.000025269841,0.00022755451,0.00005880668,0.000034085762,0.00022343064,0.00007364162,0.000003257592],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016562977,0.0011229631,0.08592404,0.00010701665,0.0003720577,0.00003812752,0.0012403593,0.00021671387,0.4944105,0.2838748,0.0006181144,0.130419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014873082,0.0006036009,0.9509345,0.000010822066,0.00005142145,0.000009599481,0.0015115162,0.00067929307,0.00044615433,0.029013075,0.015019549,0.0002331359],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015377917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011456059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8650105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009122818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000025757827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23246914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378231505","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12267","title":"Incorporated cover crop residue suppresses weed seed germination","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weed Biology and Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Veterans Affairs Canada; Health PEI; Bio Food Tech (Canada); University of Prince Edward Island; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Weed; Allelopathy; Cover crop; Agronomy; Germination; Biology; Weed control; Crop; Crop residue; Biomass (ecology); Nutrient; Agriculture; Ecology","score_opus":0.01563488179728639,"score_gpt":0.24124607126991032,"score_spread":0.22561118947262393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4378231505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791422,0.00013067028,0.000035269128,0.00793206,0.00011585568,0.0008307977,0.000050910203,0.0003132666,0.011448994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933747,0.000056228426,0.000053759297,0.0005220736,0.000103597464,0.00033156533,0.00041408496,0.0000010039525,0.005142969],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992232,0.00005499499,0.00015722473,0.00028359398,0.000059773807,0.00022126343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996942,0.00008926939,0.00006558471,0.000060987022,0.00003889724,0.000051015897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018736598,0.00010888451,0.00012923374,0.000033899298,0.0002411419,0.00003459923,0.0001416892,0.000100770434,0.00016555136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010728873,0.00004651053,0.000031566164,0.00042647644,0.00008030525,0.00005743065,0.0001337259,0.000059547438,0.00028008842],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058754893,0.00005521884,0.0034740774,0.000020584808,0.00006879814,0.000009610713,0.000027272681,0.000012792847,0.8975419,0.03816921,0.00794848,0.052613333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002489242,0.00009256985,0.85022205,0.0000066690022,0.000026671207,0.0000012142773,0.00009447105,0.00017271894,0.00083563704,0.009736036,0.13843444,0.0001286154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010746875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040823288,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8967062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009012745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002328873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36000636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}