{"meta":{"query_hash":"0b690ba7ca0b","filters":{"venue":"npj Clean Water"},"cohort_total":41,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":41,"exported":41,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/0b690ba7ca0b","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=npj+Clean+Water"},"results":[{"id":"W2806508237","doi":"10.1038/s41545-018-0006-x","title":"Can osmotic membrane bioreactor be a realistic solution for water reuse?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agència per a la Competitivitat de l’Empresa; Generalitat de Catalunya; European Commission; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Forward osmosis; Reuse; Reverse osmosis; Process engineering; Fouling; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Membrane bioreactor; Osmosis; Environmental science; Osmotic power; Environmental engineering; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Membrane; Waste management; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02797640244632214,"score_gpt":0.252923161842118,"score_spread":0.22494675939579586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2806508237","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3812768,0.18141966,0.21989426,0.15933912,0.008702506,0.0003218342,0.0007499,0.0012420558,0.047053855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8826244,0.043835603,0.054213334,0.0066015976,0.00095447677,0.00018478281,0.00033486792,0.000100608595,0.011150268],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991467,0.0003010582,0.00004326835,0.00013525969,0.00028357396,0.00009016745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994276,0.00015205955,0.00013195274,0.000064699554,0.00016993264,0.000053640786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001507979,0.00038170817,0.0006442963,0.00028833197,0.0005233211,0.0020775849,0.00092323864,0.0031745082,0.0032394072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019305429,0.00017906724,0.0005089801,0.00028502918,0.00078769453,0.0025407025,0.000753996,0.0012593906,0.0021890618],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001018603,0.0005280516,0.0043207454,0.0056058443,0.00017534585,0.0023461438,0.00028585806,0.01534992,0.6900438,0.06752413,0.019758416,0.19304308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011771672,0.002328351,0.0038370632,0.0012405253,0.00017760479,0.0025569517,0.0016518937,0.025737507,0.3898965,0.06656115,0.5056975,0.00019716586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007102888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010969997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032394072,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00080397597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008536547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01083684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2959285647","doi":"10.1038/s41545-019-0038-x","title":"Towards Quality by Design and process analytical technology for enhanced nutrient recovery from wastewaters","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Quality (philosophy); Resource recovery; Process (computing); Resource (disambiguation); Consistency (knowledge bases); Computer science; Risk analysis (engineering); Key (lock); Environmental economics; Biochemical engineering; Wastewater; Waste management; Business; Engineering","score_opus":0.011188303802464576,"score_gpt":0.24550395424434704,"score_spread":0.23431565044188246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2959285647","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02201716,0.00053673796,0.9736767,0.0003716962,0.00004802786,0.00020962428,0.000044058765,0.00038861018,0.0027072842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35814324,0.0018167136,0.63414264,0.00022134572,0.000044479377,0.0006346468,0.00015470189,0.00012861713,0.00471361],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850947,0.0003496462,0.000097295684,0.00020163228,0.0007398524,0.00010204603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993998,0.00016047643,0.0001264408,0.000052226915,0.000238364,0.00002275076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025935103,0.0006510755,0.00086551864,0.00060066057,0.00041279595,0.0020442505,0.0010240824,0.00093961076,0.0010826534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013887917,0.00050393015,0.00086276804,0.0003996497,0.0008373145,0.0009465484,0.0007775838,0.000941238,0.00046782792],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018226034,0.00036339866,0.00058942806,0.0008954116,0.000041734347,0.00013330992,0.00012991988,0.12175584,0.7720776,0.031899814,0.0005877668,0.071343504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001380369,0.0011389012,0.00062193756,0.000058288744,0.00009532565,0.0001594443,0.000058425205,0.35874024,0.5989704,0.014796532,0.02517212,0.000050387487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008477726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009945234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025935103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00163383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016299022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013715982},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2978787331","doi":"10.1038/s41545-019-0044-z","title":"Carbon-based polymer nanocomposite membranes for oily wastewater treatment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Membrane; Carbon nanotube; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Graphene; Biofouling; Carbon fibers; Wetting; Oxide; Nanotechnology; Wastewater; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Composite number; Engineering","score_opus":0.010865744963381186,"score_gpt":0.22187328698114878,"score_spread":0.21100754201776759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2978787331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7429796,0.19034205,0.046203203,0.0017215115,0.000710066,0.00018238244,0.00039144963,0.0005221068,0.016947607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9418827,0.03909273,0.012605218,0.00022575633,0.00008330527,0.000039856342,0.00014426291,0.000029644889,0.005896419],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987876,0.000016354074,0.000007732731,0.000024677978,0.000053272008,0.00001912284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99994826,0.000012142343,0.000011636812,0.0000019296758,0.000019185181,0.000006734138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018647204,0.0003994375,0.00024080604,0.0004274063,0.00017339776,0.00038230905,0.00020290549,0.00063350843,0.00079431775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018228072,0.00011760792,0.00030905943,0.000257091,0.00012679833,0.000577715,0.00025103762,0.00050703646,0.00028668184],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057503235,0.000075958866,0.00011778739,0.00084331085,0.000039216266,0.0001428887,0.0000125530405,0.0010375086,0.9762182,0.0007235001,0.0003828246,0.020348726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013602472,0.00024638895,0.0009492177,0.000073423835,0.000051150077,0.0002560027,0.000031264288,0.0059082787,0.97345406,0.00027753078,0.01872497,0.000014135689],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00056349055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013575164,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00079431775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004132251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000270952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029981732},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012383649","doi":"10.1038/s41545-020-0053-y","title":"Comparing utility-reported hours of piped water supply to households’ experiences","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","keywords":"Water supply; Population; Benchmarking; Water utility; Business; Water resource management; Geography; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Environmental health; Marketing","score_opus":0.061418585461946514,"score_gpt":0.27942975873893566,"score_spread":0.21801117327698916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3012383649","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967975,0.00012328647,0.00025537072,0.00009877789,0.000005274883,0.00001879203,0.0010040435,0.0000066466873,0.0016903065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99932647,0.00004868748,0.00010812787,0.000012616179,0.000002545872,0.000018940429,0.000348088,0.000002038019,0.0001324794],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977169,0.0012343877,0.00025984872,0.00021110647,0.00035154543,0.00022619171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869191,0.0049776845,0.0054952055,0.0005030229,0.0014873698,0.0006176379],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025762524,0.00014239967,0.00022467008,0.0011372301,0.00031203905,0.00090185995,0.0007207601,0.00024145715,0.002913613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017589016,0.00014188894,0.00036610497,0.0017479073,0.00047750783,0.00095362344,0.0016679682,0.0004602243,0.00020926246],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051932595,0.000024864736,0.99425113,0.00004808938,0.000085519714,0.000030456255,0.0022031574,0.00017425568,0.0000415994,0.00008209571,0.00023642267,0.0027704753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000022328998,0.000054522035,0.9934483,0.00004670999,0.000018710627,0.000045208155,0.0054175807,0.00038506242,0.000068776746,0.00006069613,0.00044451636,0.0000076078363],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01658918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019815885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01658918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005255964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003520095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03298521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3018694522","doi":"10.1038/s41545-020-0068-4","title":"Water supply and sanitation services in small towns in rural–urban transition zones: The case of Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Uganda","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Sanitation; Open defecation; Business; Pit latrine; Latrine; Environmental planning; Water supply; Incentive; Water resource management; Water quality; Rural area; Geography; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Economics; Medicine","score_opus":0.01874709184287268,"score_gpt":0.2462545180147555,"score_spread":0.22750742617188283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3018694522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998126,0.00013036848,0.00004843082,0.00036157237,0.0000037728873,0.000026251619,0.00001535099,0.0000019004842,0.0012863491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99914515,0.00013911219,0.0000741023,0.00005908204,0.0000019174993,0.000023304896,0.000009477371,0.0000010505266,0.0005468353],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993235,0.0002461123,0.000017622557,0.00003931931,0.000032238113,0.0003411376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899346,0.00022438755,0.00017136024,0.000030360225,0.00007574304,0.0005047117],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005484032,0.00025269337,0.00022345535,0.0008028578,0.0058835503,0.0018656478,0.0006698032,0.0006216872,0.003859761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014524299,0.00042515039,0.00015738043,0.0014057531,0.0022679004,0.0009557538,0.0031596962,0.00091541355,0.00020377913],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036088683,0.00095529004,0.5607462,0.0006485668,0.00006686828,0.058801766,0.32194045,0.0010312052,0.0032270188,0.008357089,0.0035942618,0.04027043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003071649,0.00045912812,0.2373814,0.00027144846,0.00003247555,0.004018313,0.74446404,0.00049907,0.00032927515,0.0007590831,0.011726445,0.000028621114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04464196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.118625484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04464196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028613147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0035482347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08876425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034779432","doi":"10.1038/s41545-020-0074-6","title":"Safely managed drinking water services in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: findings from the 2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"UNICEF","keywords":"Sanitation; Hygiene; Residence; Population; Metric (unit); Business; Environmental health; Water quality; Geography; Water resource management; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Medicine; Economics; Marketing","score_opus":0.025311245475527818,"score_gpt":0.24491016749658046,"score_spread":0.21959892202105263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034779432","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99663,0.000088529894,0.0001125093,0.00018139638,0.000005862212,0.00006732726,0.0025068512,0.0000032935566,0.00040427805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99718505,0.00014639045,0.00024792948,0.000102090635,0.0000029059488,0.00011581654,0.0020419825,0.0000031989134,0.0001547187],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889475,0.00026091505,0.00018114367,0.00018428214,0.0002165683,0.00026235048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821246,0.0001763675,0.00065412215,0.00011578559,0.00051103125,0.00033022297],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001804097,0.0003045799,0.00028322023,0.0010369532,0.0004999962,0.0006354177,0.0005392475,0.00022747804,0.00095071143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002421643,0.0002596004,0.0005368433,0.002387031,0.0003982791,0.0007461772,0.001897302,0.00061922456,0.0001928289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056548193,0.0000636755,0.98975337,0.00013906987,0.000073177536,0.00007712176,0.0022130986,0.0001499501,0.00035247128,0.00013610366,0.0013529903,0.00563247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000034854443,0.000041691303,0.9898519,0.000055368913,0.000024643681,0.000045699246,0.008524202,0.000267641,0.000093822346,0.00002625078,0.0010522321,0.000013207931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.060408942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.092314936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060408942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014420863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022910414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.120114684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125669120","doi":"10.1038/s41545-020-00097-9","title":"Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater via hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology: a study on sustainable regeneration chemistries","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Fulbright Canada","keywords":"Phosphorus; Desorption; Chemistry; Adsorption; Wastewater; Ion exchange; Nanoparticle; Sewage treatment; Tap water; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Nanotechnology; Environmental science; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Ion; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.007055656998797296,"score_gpt":0.1908368311432945,"score_spread":0.1837811741444972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125669120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99497545,0.0006920765,0.0035100523,0.00003029235,0.0000063320363,0.000028127746,0.0000401899,0.000031446172,0.00068606593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881066,0.00088795467,0.009150516,0.000041943567,0.0000051174725,0.00004192629,0.000063531385,0.000010184785,0.0016923413],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998903,0.000019733969,0.0000076287934,0.000023256689,0.000039869075,0.000019207651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999331,0.000021494872,0.000018159213,0.000005713233,0.000015517666,0.000006067373],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022673141,0.00030233225,0.0003268671,0.00019325703,0.0001088557,0.00026075265,0.00016887771,0.00035376105,0.00044611545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014607303,0.0001331201,0.00036035792,0.00012443106,0.00017427343,0.00026217732,0.00016425294,0.00021017388,0.00012583041],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027579621,0.000035602498,0.00009332486,0.00007326032,0.0000051781694,0.000023695711,0.000011417854,0.00043008543,0.9972275,0.00003312965,0.000008759241,0.0020303673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000061920778,0.00059208926,0.0008631028,0.000004788693,0.000015214835,0.000057832523,0.000020548325,0.0023004015,0.99547195,0.000027590419,0.000632729,0.0000076103884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043021166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007928069,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00044611545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017040728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013747835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0014923811},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133240285","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00104-7","title":"Author Correction: Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater via hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology: a study on sustainable regeneration chemistries","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Regeneration (biology); Ion exchange; Phosphorus; Nanotechnology; Wastewater; Waste management; Environmental science; Chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Ion; Biology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.008496152862372916,"score_gpt":0.2020157435250658,"score_spread":0.19351959066269286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133240285","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00030226682,0.0014794918,0.0015827345,0.023670267,0.97070134,0.0000119637125,0.00040468568,0.00027641153,0.0015708541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05480834,0.024914604,0.015426007,0.09767533,0.37211132,0.0002657888,0.0029341797,0.004001904,0.42786264],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99558616,0.00039797468,0.0005493109,0.0008788815,0.0022765764,0.0003111457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9743765,0.0046700775,0.0011705273,0.0011859256,0.017507631,0.0010893568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002724911,0.0015896108,0.0013595924,0.0020033105,0.0026875534,0.0030733952,0.0024472973,0.00486735,0.02642628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.031183125,0.0007191224,0.0016222106,0.0018148533,0.0020762703,0.0021720023,0.0016545469,0.010845813,0.016112503],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049689384,0.000010088995,0.00008919624,0.00024410177,0.00001954708,0.00032218147,0.00006550528,0.0001326656,0.0007385788,0.001388025,0.9865089,0.0104315905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001977112,0.000026180891,0.0003213048,0.00013570148,0.000027609922,0.00048698543,0.0000759589,0.00024399819,0.0023768533,0.0010740801,0.99517196,0.000039586368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063488795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010835408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02642628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003099395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0048066406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.088404715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134867054","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00105-6","title":"Integrating resource recovery process and watershed modelling to facilitate decision-making regarding bio-fertilizer production and application","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Fertilizer; Watershed; Environmental science; Production (economics); Process (computing); Resource (disambiguation); Agricultural engineering; Agriculture; Computer science; Engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.0179681448879773,"score_gpt":0.2293959534559022,"score_spread":0.2114278085679249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3134867054","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07301349,0.00018834168,0.9116944,0.0007100424,0.000058525256,0.00023421714,0.0007567778,0.0023064325,0.011037736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6784214,0.00035788203,0.31605896,0.00010691075,0.000022558348,0.0002611854,0.0006724825,0.00018416268,0.0039143963],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992016,0.00032263322,0.00008001322,0.00011987067,0.000188603,0.00008736743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981775,0.0010710584,0.00020985292,0.00016283838,0.00025931644,0.000119419245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018442598,0.00084185257,0.0011502978,0.0008523932,0.0005118664,0.0022832006,0.0019936583,0.0019214501,0.0060763787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027609866,0.00056006206,0.0013924204,0.0012586999,0.0005823777,0.0022791005,0.0019012151,0.0013482504,0.0005684255],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054185042,0.00011185517,0.0009777871,0.000066220004,0.000043743796,0.0000765451,0.00006423272,0.98065096,0.0013545549,0.005658728,0.00027441955,0.010666712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016493554,0.000012754714,0.00011913291,0.000011849921,0.000008467206,0.0000075741186,0.000020632971,0.9957195,0.0005666902,0.002524846,0.0009825939,0.000009493081],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019777456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024829043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019777456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014016312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003180462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03932464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3136156488","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00112-7","title":"Evaluation of influent microbial immigration to activated sludge is affected by different-sized community segregation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Immigration; Activated sludge; Disturbance (geology); Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Political science; Biology; Sewage treatment; Law","score_opus":0.018637401742118205,"score_gpt":0.24566607566784754,"score_spread":0.22702867392572934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3136156488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99905735,0.00004481002,0.0006547573,0.000008273818,0.0000038181183,0.0000067616124,0.000027078686,0.0000076971455,0.00018948995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99913317,0.00005959482,0.00053143944,0.000007518436,0.0000015659929,0.000007992183,0.0000626158,0.000002890687,0.00019314431],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969673,0.000061494844,0.000019507168,0.00007379134,0.000096407966,0.00005199699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971944,0.000076920616,0.00007235787,0.000017822898,0.00006582695,0.00004765845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033670905,0.00051284785,0.00038636054,0.00023347975,0.0002776543,0.0005173094,0.00016719999,0.00027259634,0.00024890766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006565433,0.00013494169,0.00049339357,0.00019714686,0.00025793238,0.00027360112,0.0004863372,0.00030909595,0.000058445894],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007530105,0.00022570536,0.044161696,0.00014668716,0.000055573782,0.00016568009,0.00016181864,0.0066878563,0.94031495,0.00013518792,0.00004442461,0.0071473527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041315772,0.0020913628,0.22563547,0.000030401356,0.00017362155,0.0002017927,0.00089342555,0.10663315,0.6631371,0.00028428144,0.0008311935,0.000046875874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004642644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039434005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004642644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045405442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000330171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00923121},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153215612","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00115-4","title":"Relative importance of organic- and iron-based colloids in six Nova Scotian lakes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Uranium; Fractionation; Ferrihydrite; Colloid; Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Manganese; Chemistry; Copper; Carbon fibers; Environmental science; Metallurgy; Materials science","score_opus":0.017649317479867976,"score_gpt":0.25173474786674194,"score_spread":0.23408543038687396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3153215612","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995963,0.000028387703,0.000028423245,0.0000068451045,0.0000010448856,0.0000059240574,0.00008352878,0.000002360363,0.00024714464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99909353,0.000036193767,0.00015284326,0.000012810572,0.0000013449169,0.00000553384,0.00014259445,0.0000017291535,0.00055349065],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998325,0.000012108458,0.000012832512,0.000045883877,0.0000506501,0.000045966302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994444,0.000059228045,0.00009567663,0.000014689372,0.00026559434,0.0001203872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020635892,0.00024481775,0.00020473596,0.0009290436,0.0014634981,0.0007994609,0.00026096904,0.0002704348,0.00052773894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004183251,0.0002926259,0.00016024084,0.00066504057,0.00064178114,0.00021467208,0.00060415606,0.00012844359,0.00012077337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024391837,0.000027934604,0.95130914,0.00004861953,0.000029929128,0.0005713276,0.0025357716,0.00021636799,0.04138913,0.000030300002,0.00008613215,0.0035113764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000030665262,0.000028334904,0.996959,0.0000037166385,0.000009033674,0.000067804336,0.0009848962,0.0003226975,0.0014060935,0.000006136543,0.00020495281,0.000004242972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.58186775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7606219,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41813225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002755158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011695242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8411894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3174656366","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00125-2","title":"Forecasting point-of-consumption chlorine residual in refugee settlements using ensembles of artificial neural networks","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Global Health Research; York University","funders":"Achmea; York University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Residual; Artificial neural network; Consumption (sociology); Human settlement; Point (geometry); Refugee; Chlorine; Point estimation; Environmental science; Water supply; Computer science; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Mathematics; Waste management; Materials science; Algorithm","score_opus":0.04224455865913453,"score_gpt":0.23976185723197188,"score_spread":0.19751729857283734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3174656366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97541964,0.00014745259,0.022857543,0.0001469035,0.000035322566,0.000014742904,0.00028263216,0.00009843953,0.000997338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99754983,0.000028810697,0.0020518473,0.000009881798,0.00000405123,0.000006867716,0.00014973166,0.0000034454456,0.00019552877],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998288,0.0000548404,0.000010536227,0.000041604795,0.000031225223,0.000033012344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922097,0.00039310366,0.00009185416,0.00005459677,0.00019594714,0.00004350178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008436691,0.00061519974,0.00049343845,0.0004703016,0.00019556802,0.00048525826,0.000496169,0.00056328217,0.00045123685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019945283,0.00022634781,0.00054759905,0.0004695191,0.00019445682,0.00056666584,0.00042846304,0.0006796722,0.000090940084],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030295232,0.000022579881,0.008080524,0.0000061482497,0.000034946366,0.000023936698,0.000009889834,0.98764384,0.00031783743,0.000052079322,0.00011120951,0.0036667848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011056162,0.000009312908,0.0017651002,0.0000015499002,0.0000036449396,0.0000017033528,0.000008143387,0.9980063,0.000106108804,0.00006996215,0.00002419278,0.0000028511377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029773772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022333894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029773772,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072612654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003689899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059200943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200046803","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00142-1","title":"Modifying the resin type of hybrid anion exchange nanotechnology (HAIX-Nano) to improve its regeneration and phosphate recovery efficiency","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Phosphate; Adsorption; Chemistry; Ion exchange; Regeneration (biology); Wastewater; Desorption; Sodium hydroxide; Nano-; Chemical engineering; Sodium; Ion-exchange resin; Phosphorus; Precipitation; Ion; Nuclear chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry; Environmental science","score_opus":0.01363874095419615,"score_gpt":0.21674576352439018,"score_spread":0.20310702257019403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200046803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99167013,0.0008518504,0.005330413,0.000040734863,0.00005023344,0.000031259264,0.00016116867,0.00010453774,0.0017597025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98978007,0.00045584876,0.0069900975,0.00004729175,0.000011679346,0.000035709567,0.00018500941,0.000028533726,0.002465609],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999021,0.000008934043,0.000008489906,0.000026014191,0.000033425735,0.000021069707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99992263,0.000013544473,0.00002129654,0.0000061957735,0.000023116912,0.0000131818615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012017578,0.0003654224,0.00014873859,0.00018252803,0.00010032818,0.00023930368,0.00017487867,0.00030605655,0.0010586572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001333573,0.00011769632,0.00025558306,0.00009147786,0.00011624831,0.00022918178,0.00013991116,0.0002824579,0.0003773079],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020593541,0.000011558981,0.000068414294,0.000044275846,0.000004320388,0.000014387292,0.0000045285483,0.000074286756,0.9988048,0.00003307741,0.000014943077,0.0009048054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000028479055,0.0001232126,0.0007643851,0.0000034702814,0.000011127407,0.000055841905,0.000008589586,0.0005680468,0.9971621,0.00000999963,0.0012857732,0.0000046557716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034858534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007485539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010586572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013747835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000116333045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035415888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205682094","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00145-y","title":"Developing and enforcing fracking regulations to protect groundwater resources","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Water resources; Water resource management; Natural resource; Environmental science; Extraction (chemistry); Water scarcity; Environmental planning; Natural resource economics; Environmental protection; Aquifer; Business; Engineering; Political science; Law; Economics; Ecology","score_opus":0.010431988006331805,"score_gpt":0.2039035631870515,"score_spread":0.1934715751807197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205682094","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60429686,0.0039758324,0.1154253,0.027019767,0.0006692902,0.007158399,0.00070079835,0.0010833794,0.23967035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88071936,0.0025938451,0.0882419,0.0033900847,0.000073880066,0.0009481165,0.00031352873,0.00006988077,0.023649419],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99328965,0.0025838735,0.0007178778,0.00045035518,0.001808654,0.001149555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97481334,0.009118215,0.00487411,0.0023676802,0.00787356,0.0009531492],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015353175,0.000432775,0.00021854296,0.0021106317,0.0029585946,0.0024898197,0.0016163952,0.001757265,0.004819339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.023134954,0.0002985075,0.00037558516,0.0011247396,0.0018827172,0.0025220744,0.0016187362,0.0016861928,0.00072898937],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023163717,0.0016045467,0.13443631,0.0036859885,0.00011835016,0.0037652715,0.03686818,0.02002508,0.0919886,0.10039724,0.05790372,0.5489751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000868542,0.00090413063,0.11992378,0.0064059715,0.00019674479,0.0011308689,0.06822941,0.011199336,0.071982205,0.021803418,0.69780743,0.0003298603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036872108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041901443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036872108,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003642218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0196255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08119631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4223613512","doi":"10.1038/s41545-022-00154-5","title":"Recent developments in hazardous pollutants removal from wastewater and water reuse within a circular economy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":413,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University; Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","keywords":"Hazardous waste; Wastewater; Pollutant; Reuse; Waste management; Environmental science; Wastewater reuse; Industrial wastewater treatment; Hazardous air pollutants; Sewage treatment; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.011509566027413884,"score_gpt":0.20405115774541596,"score_spread":0.1925415917180021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4223613512","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12266625,0.8149844,0.015532504,0.0031723506,0.00043442432,0.00004442976,0.0000715569,0.000079227044,0.043015003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2951519,0.68217087,0.010922244,0.0008461098,0.0005818734,0.000029540459,0.00014553322,0.000016093541,0.0101359235],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997726,0.000035095043,0.000019661695,0.000048481532,0.00009096106,0.00003319552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997265,0.000092577175,0.000068126465,0.000014360152,0.00007846537,0.000020042327],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054379663,0.00021146798,0.0002449053,0.0007911828,0.00023947307,0.00085441605,0.00027757618,0.00056689786,0.001609279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003314053,0.0001314771,0.00027740767,0.0014985679,0.00038351602,0.00115184,0.0005309813,0.00030542345,0.00036938602],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015016535,0.00024238731,0.0023960911,0.008983992,0.00007982687,0.0007247495,0.00034556497,0.003789484,0.09408369,0.050445955,0.0061489223,0.83260924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010125696,0.0006187032,0.0067566247,0.00059089763,0.00009314596,0.0014741353,0.00055181317,0.0033548542,0.056942098,0.010545393,0.91899395,0.00006825162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00068014424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008493626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001609279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006746359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061221054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005383551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4223639909","doi":"10.1038/s41545-022-00155-4","title":"Super-bridging fibrous materials for water treatment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University; Killam Trusts; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs; Faculty of Engineering, McGill University","keywords":"Flocculation; Settling; Process engineering; Microplastics; Sewage treatment; Water treatment; Materials science; Waste management; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.0240332825933158,"score_gpt":0.24294138188466205,"score_spread":0.21890809929134625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4223639909","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89996445,0.008510913,0.07387973,0.00034294088,0.00020485114,0.00014777292,0.00034556238,0.0005426876,0.016061211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95743334,0.0020801066,0.034720138,0.00018478006,0.00004932421,0.000071662624,0.00021373665,0.000050089493,0.0051967916],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993026,0.000010833832,0.0000036278998,0.000014670439,0.000027951894,0.000012773058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99993324,0.000016106826,0.00001811694,0.0000052208643,0.00001413718,0.000013130647],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017716223,0.00033362434,0.00010105021,0.00033121073,0.00013822995,0.00017372312,0.00017370556,0.0003840449,0.0020406856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011792719,0.000098696066,0.00015806757,0.00015386681,0.00012180933,0.00035147296,0.00016473007,0.00034430885,0.0005333122],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019953119,0.000027529131,0.00006605653,0.00010377384,0.000004954886,0.000066506844,0.000013073026,0.00044590264,0.9912186,0.0008202613,0.00012549249,0.0070878044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000776098,0.00024767712,0.0008129622,0.000015552076,0.000009337757,0.00013318536,0.0000132108,0.0028735162,0.9847494,0.0003341119,0.010792265,0.0000110589945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025082423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071064325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020406856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020073661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001200444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0068267584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286008513","doi":"10.1038/s41545-022-00177-y","title":"Differential survival of potentially pathogenic, septicemia- and meningitis-causing E. coli across the wastewater treatment train","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Escherichia coli research studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Calgary Laboratory Services; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Wastewater; Biology; Sewage; Virulence; Effluent; Microbiology; Neonatal meningitis; Sewage treatment; Multilocus sequence typing; Pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli; Bacteria; Gene; Genetics; Genotype; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.018714521801721513,"score_gpt":0.27425499113703894,"score_spread":0.25554046933531743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286008513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999411,0.000060700862,0.0001233498,0.000011435436,0.0000010731042,0.000004203253,0.000114186594,0.000002553952,0.0002715613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988053,0.00011212061,0.00022638943,0.000014360746,8.572155e-7,0.0000032980897,0.00030564977,0.0000021809478,0.00052994944],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99968743,0.000022102118,0.000021003,0.000055129996,0.000104080966,0.00011037915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996094,0.000037021575,0.0000627956,0.000016331638,0.00019083891,0.000083718885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016737482,0.00020430947,0.00024095096,0.00043304492,0.0003943703,0.0006146834,0.00020931452,0.00020556965,0.0006685711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059959845,0.000114326074,0.00015541271,0.0005192182,0.00029281483,0.00018965267,0.00043237195,0.00018973803,0.00015120058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006070043,0.000079054924,0.26162425,0.000086806715,0.000031653482,0.0003315936,0.0005349264,0.00021915724,0.72670084,0.00006854211,0.000090052934,0.0096261455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000060842,0.00034542775,0.9384048,0.000010559821,0.000021539856,0.0004957972,0.001443139,0.00032759504,0.058227737,0.00003767341,0.00067113416,0.000008463832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05765528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.087769754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05765528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00065668725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00096346193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11463934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321597248","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00229-x","title":"Electrohydrodynamic atomization of CNT on PTFE membrane for scaling resistant membranes in membrane distillation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tamkeen; York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Membrane; Membrane distillation; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Carbon nanotube; Desalination; Scanning electron microscope; Concentration polarization; Coating; Electrohydrodynamics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013643658022728279,"score_gpt":0.24738561046778426,"score_spread":0.233741952445056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321597248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880783,0.00061289384,0.010128945,0.00010793558,0.000045338402,0.000033322667,0.000052123207,0.00007336389,0.00086783327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891522,0.00039045047,0.009179707,0.000029038363,0.000011737976,0.000016256829,0.000053157684,0.000017454158,0.0011500673],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991024,0.000010102846,0.0000047883486,0.000016825854,0.000045299625,0.0000127535095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99990857,0.00002218253,0.000023778053,0.000011078806,0.000025109744,0.000009281812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012484785,0.00021047167,0.00016119436,0.000116439034,0.00017495357,0.00018970332,0.00018616594,0.0002793089,0.00053365674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019216683,0.00010620533,0.00018817939,0.000077074044,0.00016079893,0.00030719317,0.0001478014,0.00029987094,0.0001789353],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008211243,0.0000043106775,0.00003742066,0.000009573776,0.0000011764827,0.000022617418,0.000005808522,0.000042763542,0.9992016,0.00003048479,0.000009446468,0.00062665256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000020438285,0.00003299088,0.00040231424,8.055268e-7,0.000001777588,0.000042280368,0.00000571213,0.00076870614,0.99822336,0.000008481198,0.0005098068,0.000001757383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040651925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083290046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00053365674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018949849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011973505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0017852783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4353020477","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00222-4","title":"Optimal design of water reuse networks in cities through decision support tool development and testing","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Generalitat de Catalunya; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Universitat de Girona; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Reclaimed water; Reuse; Context (archaeology); Water scarcity; Payback period; Decision support system; Computer science; Scarcity; Population; Network planning and design; Water resources; Environmental science; Civil engineering; Engineering; Production (economics); Waste management; Geography; Data mining","score_opus":0.03352346450106221,"score_gpt":0.21394326224889232,"score_spread":0.18041979774783012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4353020477","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2173181,0.0001707689,0.7704062,0.00036017975,0.000042287742,0.00035437985,0.00039098336,0.0019381772,0.009018903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7877525,0.00007605347,0.21066877,0.000053867945,0.0000060048806,0.00025045656,0.00026562074,0.00008516659,0.0008416],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988858,0.00059149263,0.000051987176,0.00013562175,0.00019247341,0.00014263742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99388593,0.0049142083,0.00030374987,0.00023212035,0.00051205687,0.00015185865],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025889382,0.0010882834,0.0007248855,0.001251836,0.00038702335,0.0013823318,0.0011998678,0.0012268884,0.0041502505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0063428814,0.0006071013,0.0008308102,0.00062949304,0.00086643087,0.0009058624,0.0011852229,0.0007530137,0.0003298727],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040147715,0.000049521608,0.0005180124,0.000033617976,0.0000100803245,0.000037709855,0.000017831062,0.98743755,0.00043389646,0.0018684965,0.00016757243,0.00938538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008862676,0.00001555706,0.000039943192,0.0000041649196,0.000002666759,0.000002603039,0.000007675517,0.998432,0.0003426117,0.0009885965,0.00015340015,0.000001926608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005964087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0047154343,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005964087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011589911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015504084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013883948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360992792","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00241-1","title":"Differences in laboratory versus field treatment performance of point-of-use drinking water treatment methods: research gaps and ways forward","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Narrative review; Field (mathematics); Perspective (graphical); Point (geometry); Risk analysis (engineering); Psychology; Computer science; Management science; Data science; Business; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","score_opus":0.11790468687075727,"score_gpt":0.3773323376380635,"score_spread":0.25942765076730623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4360992792","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0116410535,0.9184337,0.011063678,0.046596557,0.0034341062,0.00064611336,0.0014506888,0.000046536665,0.006687634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.29641157,0.64006394,0.0299037,0.025173895,0.0035193157,0.0027334688,0.0012511845,0.00014726291,0.0007955698],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.7991793,0.11836961,0.046333008,0.011045435,0.023113761,0.001958823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.17483896,0.7441806,0.035792734,0.009065473,0.035449117,0.00067317556],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.26778725,0.0008612978,0.0028704691,0.008588291,0.0010864674,0.010077583,0.003637464,0.003156823,0.0055268505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.54775965,0.0009004188,0.0030521716,0.00927588,0.0063071433,0.013432254,0.003727537,0.003436255,0.0007835661],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00088226085,0.00018703396,0.01688654,0.4503837,0.0056432765,0.00022006652,0.014431146,0.00074007525,0.00075501384,0.059280753,0.013937336,0.43665275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013733268,0.00056670455,0.02114051,0.76874477,0.0062532504,0.00039186064,0.021786109,0.00044383778,0.0017739818,0.027331956,0.15126574,0.0001639169],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013149928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012638859,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26778725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0065336977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.024852578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9029487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380680896","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00261-x","title":"Transition of antimicrobial resistome in wastewater treatment plants: impact of process configuration, geographical location and season","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Genetics; JST-Mirai Program; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Kurita Water and Environment Foundation","keywords":"Resistome; Effluent; Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Antimicrobial; Activated sludge; Efflux; Biology; Metagenomics; Antibiotics; Biomass (ecology); Antibiotic resistance; Microbiology; Biotechnology; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Ecology; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.016028426409999373,"score_gpt":0.2778805095231508,"score_spread":0.26185208311315145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380680896","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998857,0.00006809124,0.00044571364,0.000011693727,0.0000024351132,0.0000140873,0.00041880304,0.000012006778,0.00017028583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99828243,0.00007753039,0.00064380624,0.000023091521,0.0000020230113,0.000023766248,0.0006194764,0.000009283311,0.00031875249],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995962,0.000070618145,0.00003517412,0.00016174247,0.00007565514,0.000060669277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996934,0.000073876516,0.00009709913,0.000023449165,0.00008219614,0.000029938416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039754758,0.00029862364,0.00053168245,0.0005764164,0.0002536519,0.0007769557,0.00020703155,0.00036602453,0.00051851844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004408562,0.0002052406,0.00046985957,0.00062060356,0.00020863369,0.00040587544,0.00033742614,0.0002917175,0.00013559576],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004805428,0.00008281632,0.048143078,0.00008490129,0.00007290123,0.00008842004,0.00013225203,0.00067575206,0.9452981,0.000025120264,0.000036880443,0.004879318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013749303,0.00097562507,0.8725288,0.000013093603,0.00008834572,0.00019580904,0.00071851455,0.0029992745,0.12156815,0.00007969703,0.00078768644,0.000031184216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027569404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033379842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027569404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002680391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025234572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005481839},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385428527","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00271-9","title":"Facile morphological tuning of thin film composite membranes for enhanced desalination performance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tamkeen; York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Membrane; Materials science; Interfacial polymerization; Polyamide; Chemical engineering; Thin-film composite membrane; Nanofiltration; Desalination; Layer (electronics); Composite number; Monomer; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Reverse osmosis; Polymer; Chemistry","score_opus":0.025628736067534325,"score_gpt":0.2532037033199196,"score_spread":0.22757496725238527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385428527","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97252727,0.0017365923,0.023183811,0.00011110867,0.000052200285,0.00005548182,0.00020245017,0.0003606427,0.0017704044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98208743,0.0008699861,0.01573424,0.000039802668,0.000013701454,0.000038833838,0.0001056446,0.00004095003,0.0010693421],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999908,0.000009275435,0.000008053014,0.000024245446,0.00003095547,0.000019393454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998828,0.00002372679,0.00003950667,0.000011219591,0.000027683349,0.00001514793],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014925476,0.00048106263,0.0001843701,0.00020810064,0.0001289439,0.000319512,0.00020977887,0.00035033957,0.00054547936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002115916,0.00023007287,0.00028097528,0.00012787484,0.00016076273,0.00039197414,0.00022340933,0.00045909474,0.0003181803],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057632465,0.00000278307,0.000015051306,0.000012714821,0.0000014903975,0.000009482027,0.0000039140155,0.00003108343,0.9995253,0.0000151923,0.0000075601492,0.00036962598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000023501916,0.000021743253,0.00036673833,0.0000011385644,0.0000028974835,0.000036460704,0.0000040429572,0.00055705186,0.9985316,0.000007647501,0.00046588745,0.0000024659857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021872515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052574696,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00054547936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020435233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001130666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018247962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386416867","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00277-3","title":"Enhancing ultrafiltration membrane permeability and antifouling performance through surface patterning with features resembling feed spacers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tamkeen; York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Membrane; Fouling; Ultrafiltration (renal); Materials science; Filtration (mathematics); Fabrication; Biofouling; Porosity; Chemical engineering; Membrane fouling; Permeability (electromagnetism); Chromatography; Chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.017214681926762395,"score_gpt":0.24146861399055933,"score_spread":0.22425393206379693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386416867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99201196,0.00037391356,0.0064210068,0.000048244958,0.000024992683,0.000016951004,0.00008014838,0.00009500362,0.0009277752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98920864,0.00033396357,0.009629927,0.000031969015,0.000007713016,0.000014077149,0.00006191383,0.000019048306,0.0006928391],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991167,0.000010926496,0.0000063616603,0.000018837998,0.000031607273,0.000020700052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998617,0.00003590666,0.000047296104,0.0000178114,0.000024969851,0.000012310717],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000099574936,0.0004338798,0.00017938201,0.00016590649,0.00009511839,0.00034000463,0.00021752181,0.00033275617,0.00046170753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002685781,0.00014605533,0.00018858569,0.00012311744,0.0001654987,0.00034456595,0.00018852006,0.00025829955,0.00019588658],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000098913815,0.0000062508925,0.00005479275,0.000023134537,0.0000018780007,0.000023093295,0.000004839782,0.000058023932,0.9989458,0.000023124632,0.000009409564,0.0008397333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003382688,0.000073010444,0.00085635076,0.000002105306,0.000005065141,0.000059846636,0.000012563765,0.0006577254,0.9978928,0.000012286251,0.00042113857,0.0000037624352],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029139395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005155543,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00046170753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016403523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001147134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0015445352},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388127995","doi":"10.1038/s41545-023-00288-0","title":"MOF-derived C, N-In2O3 with GdFeO3 Z-scheme heterostructure for the photocatalytic removal of tetracycline","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ministry of Education; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Heterojunction; Photocatalysis; Catalysis; Degradation (telecommunications); Redox; Materials science; Density functional theory; Chemistry; Metal-organic framework; Tetracycline; Chemical engineering; Photochemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Physical chemistry; Optoelectronics; Computational chemistry; Organic chemistry; Computer science","score_opus":0.017685883818004136,"score_gpt":0.26965154928755813,"score_spread":0.251965665469554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388127995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99385035,0.0006121015,0.004270077,0.000034751476,0.000021050393,0.000013646861,0.00011551711,0.00007366744,0.0010086764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966287,0.00017136072,0.0024370118,0.000009325303,0.000001499449,0.000006125402,0.000058074365,0.0000053558833,0.00068259874],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99996626,0.0000019703489,0.000002252734,0.000008153181,0.000011084941,0.000010237405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999985,0.0000016043706,0.0000047481244,0.0000014846325,0.000003609576,0.0000035311457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000486694,0.00020725414,0.000099517405,0.00012340941,0.0000732547,0.00012775577,0.00024491723,0.00017287937,0.00030429053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005266463,0.00009089925,0.00012622518,0.00009416556,0.000084162326,0.00011997746,0.000110189554,0.00015485518,0.000086972585],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016296168,0.0000070769324,0.00008574264,0.000025711854,0.0000037675597,0.000025586298,0.0000056243434,0.00012113938,0.99862134,0.00010887007,0.000026947795,0.0009518587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000034924894,0.000032398242,0.0008917199,0.000001671168,0.0000071503127,0.000039252758,0.000008511182,0.002266962,0.99598736,0.00001543016,0.00074328954,0.000002877999],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021081464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0066058957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021081464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032371352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013977596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041917562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400921847","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00364-z","title":"The challenge of supporting and monitoring safe wastewater use in agriculture in LMIC","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"","keywords":"Reuse; Wastewater reuse; Business; Investment (military); Agriculture; Environmental planning; Wastewater; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental economics; Environmental science; Waste management; Engineering; Economics; Political science","score_opus":0.020087147551513352,"score_gpt":0.27006048050022524,"score_spread":0.24997333294871188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400921847","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23969206,0.05636366,0.025720002,0.5931355,0.001986247,0.000984835,0.0043873484,0.0008611615,0.07686919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87560904,0.039021533,0.048173033,0.026431015,0.0014640884,0.0012880925,0.0013479154,0.00010194835,0.0065633883],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9923269,0.0047313436,0.0004935823,0.00057753985,0.00090895256,0.0009616988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97791284,0.008505786,0.003800321,0.00086604885,0.0070863916,0.0018285903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01043256,0.0008543021,0.00078369264,0.0014934187,0.0015860557,0.0042565973,0.0029166485,0.0030840265,0.0046010297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017642712,0.00032234646,0.00035172972,0.001668806,0.0021164939,0.0033998713,0.0036694375,0.0025912703,0.0014471042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020382296,0.00048785735,0.1548019,0.008914078,0.0001748235,0.0014963483,0.011439415,0.008702336,0.0071539725,0.009250753,0.07828649,0.71908826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011391395,0.0011273707,0.38371003,0.0272884,0.00026261457,0.0020236222,0.120004945,0.012350458,0.010404779,0.046845812,0.39540243,0.00046552095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0579194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.056173883,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0579194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0061450684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.025836518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11516458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401258308","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00355-0","title":"Examining geographic variation in the prevalence of household drainage types across India in 2019-2021","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","field":"Nursing","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Drainage; Sanitation; Toilet; Drainage system (geomorphology); Septic tank; Geography; Medicine; Water resource management; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.02164738301367294,"score_gpt":0.2671893816806247,"score_spread":0.24554199866695178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401258308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936098,0.0002577522,0.000120154786,0.00018399562,0.00001168783,0.000022236789,0.0041751084,0.000016313837,0.001602928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99849176,0.00012754773,0.00009338617,0.00003709307,0.0000035006706,0.000017919117,0.0010086576,0.000002936933,0.00021717945],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994424,0.00011848426,0.00006641011,0.00013061427,0.00009998759,0.00014219874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849594,0.00022925388,0.0006992719,0.000091588154,0.0003052994,0.00017860545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041274264,0.00019113548,0.00014212498,0.0012058434,0.00045424033,0.0006596451,0.00089299114,0.0003342327,0.0022241168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001555493,0.00022383257,0.00045381405,0.001815446,0.00048245915,0.00044907926,0.0008323947,0.00049486355,0.00046788185],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025863044,0.000017345274,0.9967249,0.000041218856,0.00003811143,0.000077624034,0.0006022691,0.000095251555,0.000171701,0.000088506415,0.000505965,0.001611339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.109329e-7,0.000017083334,0.99783784,0.000015928901,0.000010322823,0.00009042635,0.0016178387,0.00009024673,0.000046418896,0.000014976496,0.0002538429,0.0000044259164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07229588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08442923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07229588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068498723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050026743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14375013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403749136","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00403-9","title":"Bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with enhanced fouling resistance for bio-effluents management","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University; Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research; Université Laval","keywords":"Graphene; Fouling; Bacterial cellulose; Cellulose; Membrane; Composite number; Biofouling; Oxide; Effluent; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Biochemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.006745901108767807,"score_gpt":0.20093059679946698,"score_spread":0.19418469569069918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403749136","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98561734,0.004355371,0.0081208525,0.0001946637,0.000057457757,0.00002246324,0.000112012734,0.000105180276,0.001414665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912136,0.0012302444,0.0062697004,0.000054361793,0.000009283315,0.000009361088,0.00007199803,0.0000106566395,0.0011307098],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999057,0.000014124176,0.0000045957368,0.000014666693,0.000039566097,0.000021277281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999461,0.000010589102,0.000012632312,0.0000036251733,0.000012941193,0.000014022047],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015087798,0.00029665345,0.00017483367,0.00025545686,0.00016848238,0.00025745502,0.00018694112,0.00048666462,0.0004817838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014002247,0.00010935477,0.00025462013,0.00016756564,0.00011989272,0.0002886871,0.00016701022,0.00034607673,0.00014627023],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016074582,0.000011087311,0.000052977193,0.000027295713,0.0000037425223,0.000017462227,0.0000036203612,0.00010465822,0.9985607,0.00002931921,0.000017943952,0.0011551337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000032980379,0.000071706665,0.001145458,0.0000034376883,0.000009132308,0.000048798003,0.000010657279,0.0013918722,0.996396,0.000026829804,0.00088813,0.000004639151],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005332296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022234872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005332296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033662145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001476601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00244236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404752188","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00406-6","title":"Contrastive learning method for leak detection in water distribution networks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Leak; Leak detection; Computer science; Distribution (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Environmental science; Mathematics; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.005612379125307662,"score_gpt":0.2122003555461294,"score_spread":0.20658797642082175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404752188","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02944361,0.0002414454,0.96867126,0.00013523197,0.000026487447,0.00003886966,0.00004478404,0.00046051032,0.0009377376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7556557,0.00032760476,0.24015008,0.00022323687,0.00006366086,0.0001262363,0.00023910406,0.00009808518,0.0031162368],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965465,0.00008779217,0.000017879267,0.00011002504,0.0000888477,0.000040790837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922776,0.00040670505,0.000089843,0.000058537884,0.00018686302,0.000030228279],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009536285,0.0007998145,0.00062191155,0.0007982019,0.00027062156,0.00058280915,0.0010232418,0.0008413158,0.0010954024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0031359743,0.00029465414,0.00061768765,0.00041440185,0.0006406417,0.0011348644,0.0009295625,0.0012384935,0.00030409507],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031858656,0.00019905927,0.003859864,0.00014828634,0.00008591728,0.00016671121,0.000124755,0.5915065,0.025064498,0.010009501,0.002125857,0.36639047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003850953,0.000026735119,0.00019268,0.000003532519,0.000005590288,0.000015801528,0.000004170721,0.9958192,0.002594777,0.001097564,0.00023238409,0.0000037648858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002480924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002285046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002480924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066390703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000717485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005043328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406586213","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00435-9","title":"A comprehensive review of KCC-1 fibrous silica for water treatment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Covalent Organic Framework Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Water treatment; Environmental science; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.051664483651786816,"score_gpt":0.35714870569041807,"score_spread":0.30548422203863124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406586213","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005170276,0.9955402,0.00045343355,0.00013667543,0.00023193512,0.000013496651,0.00008159053,0.000017636794,0.0030079323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0019404165,0.99542713,0.0005695464,0.00011991165,0.00011756701,0.000016007443,0.00010989062,0.000004476165,0.0016950838],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998385,0.000016808799,0.000023869921,0.000033798664,0.00006677677,0.000020348894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984777,0.000060340775,0.000028206676,0.000006043951,0.000041538107,0.000016133228],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003944222,0.0011614951,0.00085797714,0.0028928402,0.00035308683,0.000676515,0.00053294125,0.0007469855,0.0057489513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046323726,0.00040383212,0.000565033,0.0029714028,0.0002274403,0.001046468,0.00059231685,0.00096674275,0.0023066949],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049287257,0.000112616064,0.00016762789,0.058352433,0.0001216,0.00025448753,0.00010455787,0.0007911893,0.017185733,0.005070019,0.035126265,0.88266426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000063385405,0.00011891743,0.0006743993,0.0028449446,0.00011139024,0.0005902926,0.000033462962,0.00013759464,0.0031571495,0.0007963435,0.9915044,0.000024742752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014680051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033378284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057489513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040085806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011955433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019232154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407633321","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00445-7","title":"Fibrous super-bridging agents simultaneously improve contaminants removal and sludge dewatering via a very compact three-in-one process","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Dewatering; Process (computing); Contamination; Process engineering; Waste management; Environmental science; Materials science; Pulp and paper industry; Computer science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.01764822813499694,"score_gpt":0.2574108734700294,"score_spread":0.23976264533503244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407633321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9678077,0.00091648486,0.029043552,0.0001070338,0.000046384437,0.000103132574,0.00010109837,0.00034018353,0.001534396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.965173,0.00056167046,0.030871868,0.00010752064,0.00002236265,0.00009382813,0.0001547655,0.00006567642,0.002949359],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998091,0.000021822334,0.000014866049,0.00003993551,0.00007750683,0.00003678505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978083,0.00004611659,0.00008140384,0.000022772247,0.000025055539,0.00004391718],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018480941,0.0006156558,0.0004541529,0.00042132783,0.00018043873,0.0003999984,0.0003874706,0.0006345976,0.001626556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002602326,0.00024043806,0.00038231976,0.00021026366,0.00021714655,0.00073983835,0.0005730969,0.0006438218,0.0004499365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074373966,0.000103006045,0.000054723623,0.000057998892,0.000008127769,0.00004489079,0.0000122594865,0.00025335603,0.99492633,0.00012063132,0.00003996243,0.0043042954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029358558,0.00065908855,0.0009995927,0.0000056530416,0.000022426357,0.00013786134,0.0000115719085,0.0035300092,0.99290997,0.000068344336,0.0016135933,0.000012608501],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033964467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010181512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001626556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019843284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017786687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054413676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408973501","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00454-6","title":"Development of an EOR-produced petroleum wastewater treatment system through integrated polyacrylonitrile membrane and ZrO2/sericin technologies: revelation of interactive mechanism based on synchrotron and XDLVO analyses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of British Columbia; University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Polyacrylonitrile; Sericin; Chemical engineering; Membrane; Chemistry; Wastewater; Materials science; Waste management; Engineering; SILK; Polymer; Composite material; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.02095867155343907,"score_gpt":0.2787682641060885,"score_spread":0.25780959255264946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408973501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96175575,0.0014381175,0.034661096,0.00014088854,0.000038048674,0.0000879457,0.00022201015,0.00039338862,0.0012626826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9560834,0.0013695776,0.04031771,0.000046365276,0.0000077012655,0.00005678842,0.0002172182,0.00003322329,0.0018679034],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998503,0.000015708765,0.000016639393,0.000031953015,0.00006138891,0.000023914727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999249,0.0000057815787,0.00003045831,0.0000063544258,0.00001791262,0.000014531976],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031093313,0.0005021943,0.00038667113,0.00025535873,0.00013540544,0.00038763942,0.00032042625,0.00044085688,0.00022813267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011977536,0.00021780137,0.00047074675,0.00021659322,0.00017744422,0.0004803506,0.00026375608,0.0004250801,0.00019077625],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011418286,0.000009603413,0.000067286055,0.000027787548,0.0000027429821,0.000026127918,0.000004925263,0.00008642808,0.9989348,0.00003115841,0.0000061163105,0.00079156074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000036173144,0.00006236284,0.0006764398,0.000002459226,0.000008005281,0.000048384176,0.0000085571655,0.0013583397,0.99732745,0.00000796256,0.0004922347,0.000004303749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00067161635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011207573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00067161635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002725332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0019773245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409194069","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00460-8","title":"Integrated emulsion separation and fog collection with functionalized Janus wood membrane for water scarcity solutions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council; Government of Jiangsu Province","keywords":"Janus; Emulsion; Water scarcity; Scarcity; Membrane; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Water resources; Ecology; Economics; Biology","score_opus":0.015776255202653192,"score_gpt":0.24498754924682165,"score_spread":0.22921129404416846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409194069","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97257185,0.002184834,0.02142686,0.00018690362,0.000083635845,0.000055207416,0.00010917932,0.00016860121,0.0032130883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872465,0.00092674734,0.010435289,0.00006290503,0.000013584097,0.00003110374,0.00007224316,0.000015094183,0.0011965828],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999248,0.000007709663,0.000005649889,0.00001553298,0.000024845835,0.000021544625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99996674,0.0000062204995,0.000007740392,0.0000030981994,0.000009123325,0.000007043091],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000112432484,0.0002750194,0.00020228521,0.00020870334,0.00023126068,0.0002338779,0.00021214613,0.00041025225,0.0003955797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011837785,0.00011954727,0.00029266576,0.00011937356,0.00015440739,0.00055021397,0.00029136369,0.0003806451,0.00014506557],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001792275,0.000013097567,0.00008176383,0.00006318153,0.000006642691,0.00004842337,0.00001472304,0.00017149348,0.9966182,0.00025481445,0.00004674107,0.0026628983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000046126993,0.00007506492,0.0005003434,0.0000059607482,0.000009694692,0.00007344201,0.00002810313,0.0034373375,0.99397767,0.0000856764,0.0017955747,0.000006575804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004859151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012118033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004859151,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022641818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018817562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0016428232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410254137","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00472-4","title":"Coupled and coordinated development of water-energy-food-ecology-land system in the Yangtze River Delta, China","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ministry of Education, India; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"China; Yangtze river; Delta; Water resource management; Ecology; Environmental science; Geography; River delta; Water energy; Hydrology (agriculture); Land use; Environmental protection; Geology; Biology; Engineering","score_opus":0.006660153613206006,"score_gpt":0.18841370816394676,"score_spread":0.18175355455074074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410254137","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969702,0.00006018955,0.0015782858,0.00016281677,0.0000033186407,0.000016934424,0.00014856113,0.0000149933285,0.0010447035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99951184,0.000028495208,0.00024490757,0.000007808946,0.0000010642983,0.000007583769,0.00006048877,0.0000011713915,0.00013667751],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996381,0.0000869456,0.00003369381,0.000065189015,0.00007506016,0.000100953155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999616,0.000058872418,0.000095905205,0.000022470786,0.00010656636,0.00010016369],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066257745,0.00027555405,0.00027477933,0.00157809,0.0005811459,0.00111931,0.0004138466,0.00026227534,0.001074795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010763541,0.0001865887,0.00043474176,0.0015576311,0.0006582626,0.0012001124,0.0015856578,0.00020544503,0.000040975385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056719255,0.00007789251,0.89909583,0.00011405906,0.00035381244,0.00080314896,0.0011578704,0.060650747,0.0027756128,0.013428951,0.0010738613,0.020411476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002295624,0.00007089615,0.86857176,0.00003422196,0.0001303495,0.00011340264,0.0032099264,0.118579954,0.0005324062,0.0067548887,0.0019333084,0.000045866112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.054139696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.052599326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.054139696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002560754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019603418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10764915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410589491","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00478-y","title":"Dynamic modulation of separation performance in electrically conductive polyamide membranes with scalable fabrication potential","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tamkeen; York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Polyamide; Fabrication; Electrical conductor; Membrane; Materials science; Modulation (music); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Acoustics; Physics","score_opus":0.00510308588848298,"score_gpt":0.22821850942034855,"score_spread":0.22311542353186556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410589491","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97863036,0.0020215274,0.015141783,0.00031039643,0.00008812666,0.000045154124,0.00018932526,0.0003172501,0.003256144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894265,0.001128125,0.00798721,0.00010352085,0.00001994251,0.00006614652,0.0001100306,0.00004737134,0.0011112199],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997733,0.000024828856,0.00001609662,0.000056778452,0.00007882186,0.000050257462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980956,0.00007293669,0.000048604754,0.00001383878,0.000037611964,0.000017348317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028192034,0.00047404203,0.0001818372,0.00019241308,0.0001745876,0.0004891635,0.00039872475,0.00052750076,0.0007750335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054835115,0.00017056399,0.00019652078,0.0002281564,0.00037755852,0.0008189763,0.00039251053,0.0007843542,0.000279618],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012308109,0.0000081048,0.000016851438,0.000028998398,0.0000015711663,0.00002625815,0.000012848489,0.0000667085,0.9989134,0.00007301433,0.000023674893,0.0008163263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003614705,0.00003910637,0.00015656369,0.0000035978562,0.0000025276327,0.00002731093,0.00000956017,0.00065226847,0.9984126,0.000041166175,0.0006468408,0.000004990424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002785324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005390042,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007750335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037817092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018469473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0027438998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410718467","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00471-5","title":"Iron biochar synergy in aquatic systems through surface functionalities electron transfer and reactive species dynamics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biochar; Electron transfer; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Environmental science; Photochemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.007484782199261262,"score_gpt":0.21281385270610087,"score_spread":0.2053290705068396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410718467","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.988241,0.0021380424,0.0053481855,0.00013340736,0.00002572366,0.000020901345,0.000052293817,0.00010932571,0.003931082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965598,0.00057840283,0.0016847355,0.000021996251,0.000004985284,0.000004247762,0.000030529216,0.000005332518,0.0011099215],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99995124,0.000008478381,0.0000019922638,0.000008401289,0.000014207799,0.000015609172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99997735,0.0000069147754,0.000003507648,0.0000018539652,0.00000525767,0.000005203597],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008862584,0.00021051323,0.00015016165,0.000121318764,0.00013358511,0.00022697734,0.00015585033,0.00024721024,0.00040326777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007606388,0.00008686774,0.000116915224,0.00006334682,0.00017070066,0.00018261229,0.00017865401,0.00022426664,0.00015266683],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000332013,0.000015561138,0.00015698382,0.00006632176,0.0000047514673,0.00006483127,0.000016748023,0.00037945693,0.99526596,0.00028394774,0.000042814827,0.0036694654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007932314,0.00022954916,0.0017473942,0.0000067194387,0.000016013038,0.00010755439,0.000035240595,0.004621073,0.98951286,0.0002893323,0.0034205483,0.0000058598202],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000652652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014322993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.000652652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027409484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014858464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001988709},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411194816","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00484-0","title":"A review of fundamentals, challenges, prospects, and emerging trends in hydrate-based desalination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Desalination; Nexus (standard); Sustainability; Hydrate; Process engineering; Environmental science; Process (computing); Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.03028202473282186,"score_gpt":0.2975581692674624,"score_spread":0.26727614453464055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411194816","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00023350901,0.99748707,0.00027980012,0.00025126897,0.00022960178,0.0000065503027,0.00003682211,0.000012336663,0.0014630269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006646475,0.9982463,0.00030242093,0.000113232665,0.000128825,0.000005988328,0.000033190867,0.0000017735733,0.0005037384],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999713,0.000034321503,0.000049014412,0.00005082422,0.00012353603,0.000029281802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996158,0.00016861781,0.00007112578,0.0000117001655,0.0000977822,0.000034945006],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067495747,0.0009094012,0.0011969301,0.003172185,0.00039348725,0.0012357945,0.00079170015,0.00090984587,0.0045081982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008501152,0.000442044,0.0007402072,0.003918788,0.00039796525,0.002073945,0.0007360827,0.0015073589,0.001965302],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005657625,0.00012010592,0.00026278538,0.07186588,0.00015325843,0.0002931095,0.00018342544,0.0009344082,0.00784777,0.009839109,0.03694867,0.8714949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000471744,0.00008403697,0.0005883038,0.0040142965,0.00008126683,0.0004872684,0.00006995043,0.00009863088,0.0008508601,0.0013270102,0.99237293,0.000020709855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014126255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028322171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0045081982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007364647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001593894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015081406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412371531","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00497-9","title":"Electrically conductive membranes featuring integrated porous feed spacers for superior antifouling performance","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tamkeen; York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Biofouling; Membrane; Porosity; Materials science; Electrical conductor; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.01118186177976821,"score_gpt":0.2363706597312315,"score_spread":0.2251887979514633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412371531","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97869325,0.0032607333,0.015240716,0.00018715176,0.00008030755,0.00002573144,0.00016005556,0.00024325645,0.0021088284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98653513,0.0017199921,0.010371831,0.00006220153,0.000016200864,0.000020500915,0.000094971,0.000022130867,0.001156971],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984586,0.000019924593,0.000011839805,0.000037200163,0.000050615763,0.00003449257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986124,0.000036664314,0.000050441668,0.0000102247295,0.000028075203,0.000013357709],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016069559,0.0005369966,0.00023754196,0.00020332303,0.00011904912,0.00037404263,0.00026519084,0.00060029863,0.00047734784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028664575,0.00018410028,0.00027757435,0.00015835858,0.00019080298,0.00052696606,0.00024423932,0.00046849705,0.00023217667],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000096224,0.0000054747156,0.000042467927,0.00005387405,0.0000036821216,0.00002964281,0.0000054682505,0.000061042985,0.9985102,0.000034332097,0.000014175435,0.0012300139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014077888,0.000052543906,0.00044512027,0.0000039142747,0.000006436399,0.000072038514,0.000010691815,0.0006405286,0.99811494,0.00001615477,0.00063258706,0.0000036864778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019311628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052620366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00060029863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002176581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001238874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001596868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416551019","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00531-w","title":"Microplastic removal across ten drinking water treatment facilities and distribution systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hudbay Minerals (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"Health Canada","keywords":"Microplastics; Water treatment; Filtration (mathematics); Water source; Sewage treatment; Water pollution; Distribution (mathematics)","score_opus":0.007491258486524061,"score_gpt":0.20886576548030122,"score_spread":0.20137450699377715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416551019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991147,0.0000568881,0.00034707642,0.000008322964,5.740371e-7,0.000021238968,0.00015188936,0.000014875429,0.00028441963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743986,0.00015654725,0.0014089413,0.000018385683,0.0000011795479,0.00002776735,0.00033189033,0.0000075821413,0.0006077085],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993718,0.00007256168,0.000065763285,0.00015358496,0.00022397003,0.0001123494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999471,0.00008263453,0.00015284824,0.000023865996,0.00021308505,0.000056583092],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004369896,0.00030348045,0.00028598518,0.0010657503,0.00047901267,0.00063960766,0.0002679931,0.00033712713,0.00058022665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055353047,0.00018066615,0.0002987985,0.0009999188,0.0003249869,0.0003147943,0.0006327412,0.00021863342,0.00013019795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006457496,0.00036938803,0.17087111,0.0003618959,0.00012714048,0.0002246363,0.0006852808,0.0027815904,0.7850624,0.00007384478,0.00015095196,0.038645916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041767755,0.0035905177,0.6137667,0.000043692864,0.00024137307,0.00039182827,0.0020622227,0.0044258907,0.37215954,0.00010071028,0.0031164985,0.000059396796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0140989395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023733182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0140989395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000932174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005820229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028033733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417077966","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00537-4","title":"An agile benchmarking framework for wastewater resource recovery technologies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Université Laval; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Benchmarking; Software deployment; Resource (disambiguation); Agile software development; Resource recovery; Resource efficiency; Foundation (evidence)","score_opus":0.010932338308288667,"score_gpt":0.25684623007291707,"score_spread":0.2459138917646284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417077966","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0021082184,0.00014489712,0.9875541,0.00042125586,0.000063737556,0.00040945032,0.0004864523,0.003956116,0.0048557674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05483145,0.00031980773,0.9391586,0.00016562759,0.000041078005,0.0011360388,0.0022111053,0.0009516777,0.0011844758],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.97680616,0.012462986,0.0027908164,0.0014588684,0.005219237,0.0012619098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9792173,0.008062199,0.0013920023,0.004600436,0.0057107727,0.0010172331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.034620576,0.0022078739,0.0015207995,0.0046312828,0.0016295863,0.006321969,0.005384039,0.0020110826,0.0052392166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.042172212,0.0012564606,0.0028357275,0.0038766558,0.0020171423,0.005119072,0.008208513,0.0032876737,0.0019353523],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001349979,0.00028357893,0.0032407376,0.00057314686,0.00018016766,0.00037273706,0.00095356506,0.41380697,0.0024254718,0.43371907,0.011254218,0.13305543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000715387,0.00013620335,0.0005782521,0.00043588126,0.00004090479,0.00015718993,0.00030780316,0.73167425,0.0031634874,0.19818291,0.06516088,0.00009073852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008491897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009220485,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034620576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0033312568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00874588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18309325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116112510","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00540-9","title":"China’s enhanced wastewater treatment capacity may accelerate greenhouse gas emissions from rural domestic pollution","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Major Project of Inner Mongolia; National Science and Technology Major Project; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Pollution; Sewage treatment; Wastewater; Air pollution; Nutrient pollution","score_opus":0.01255890798716427,"score_gpt":0.23364496942583282,"score_spread":0.22108606143866855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116112510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9677805,0.0006954336,0.01807998,0.0012682414,0.00004199152,0.000043940516,0.00037866467,0.0002445167,0.011466768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968882,0.0003787882,0.001160415,0.000054906468,0.0000048759644,0.00001592569,0.00011789486,0.000010851143,0.0013680942],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982065,0.000032744243,0.000007709038,0.000042067786,0.000036317997,0.00006047671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998754,0.000030789706,0.00003047255,0.0000120273435,0.00003659511,0.000014601632],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004464362,0.0005361517,0.0003466997,0.0003809633,0.00040948743,0.0009931703,0.00036167193,0.000450325,0.0016590196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003294236,0.00018378842,0.00122774,0.00076624344,0.00041648615,0.0010540175,0.0006739053,0.00035188836,0.00015113097],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015246109,0.00022835187,0.16428664,0.0004939433,0.0002886301,0.0011167815,0.000554657,0.6844008,0.06530178,0.036082957,0.003062707,0.044030286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008025137,0.00024235362,0.1578743,0.00004843293,0.00028265407,0.00013141138,0.000715805,0.7842736,0.017944235,0.019331181,0.018982451,0.00009321013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06511182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.058945153,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06511182,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024972067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028675538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12946564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117306995","doi":"10.1038/s41545-025-00545-4","title":"Development of an open-source process simulator for microalgae-based tertiary phosphorus recovery","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Algal biology and biofuel production","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hatch (Canada)","funders":"Office of Energy Efficiency; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Effluent; Phosphorus; Sewage treatment; Wastewater; Process (computing); Biomass (ecology); Nutrient; Activated sludge model","score_opus":0.013606756973365044,"score_gpt":0.26372047510700347,"score_spread":0.2501137181336384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117306995","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33688775,0.00034325942,0.6045534,0.00047853412,0.00036786657,0.0010125057,0.007839447,0.02631968,0.022197507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8207604,0.00043365246,0.16318388,0.0001360394,0.00002762941,0.0015206977,0.006227287,0.0010609294,0.006649547],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998405,0.000019171666,0.000015611238,0.000031543117,0.00007085198,0.000022399161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996997,0.000109370696,0.000025234982,0.000040510484,0.000094971176,0.000030156614],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054128806,0.00074955256,0.00061685685,0.00027220236,0.00042010722,0.0006581371,0.0014751422,0.0006614232,0.0041565457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008766109,0.00043835846,0.0010839894,0.00035604637,0.0002883254,0.0006082321,0.0007789384,0.001126267,0.000682206],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015061733,0.00022512868,0.0035656304,0.00026066092,0.000071000446,0.0001312742,0.00008833731,0.9552826,0.019572204,0.0022633744,0.0016717265,0.016717369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004484458,0.000045656932,0.00040711343,0.0000068279423,0.000013032754,0.000013952015,0.000009129445,0.98687685,0.008598867,0.00053508487,0.003434273,0.0000143861425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00786785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005416234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00786785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009186678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026211753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015644073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}