{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":977,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":977,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"8d63194d7715","filters":{"topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques"}},"results":[{"id":"W4294891500","doi":"10.1109/comst.2022.3202047","title":"A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Windsor","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Metaverse; Computer science; Interoperability; Scalability; Data science; World Wide Web; Human–computer interaction; Virtual reality","authors":[{"name":"Yuntao Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhou Su","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ning Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rui Xing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dongxiao Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tom H. Luan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuemin Shen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07046513932130273,"gpt":0.3335883216393003,"spread":0.2631231823179976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002265892,0.001081577,0.0009991456,0.004599739,0.001431639,0.0050236,0.001602491,0.002438368,0.006567562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004209331,0.0007992534,0.0008395519,0.006866372,0.002074273,0.01578314,0.002582271,0.002979585,0.002226839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001918843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002028486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001558771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001398336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978181,0.0004553261,0.000216481,0.0002990862,0.0009546818,0.0002563001],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962152,0.002226786,0.0003027364,0.0003918571,0.0006631633,0.0002003761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009023352,0.0001291902,0.002834761,0.005442181,0.00005664058,0.0002768156,0.001014466,0.003946305,0.003070475,0.3077892,0.0374563,0.6378934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006508604,0.0001346281,0.001317036,0.002561265,0.00004568281,0.00149074,0.0008049177,0.005584448,0.00250678,0.05786715,0.9276094,0.00007151348],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.012337,0.7717625,0.1210673,0.007697579,0.001514414,0.0002184908,0.0003877356,0.0006934362,0.08432154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07951967,0.857187,0.04283833,0.002502731,0.001966387,0.0002402513,0.0008273801,0.0002469667,0.01467131],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006567562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02197069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140095007","doi":"10.1145/2382196.2382222","title":"PScout","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":641,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Permission; Android (operating system); Computer science; Documentation; Computer security; Scalability; World Wide Web; Database; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Kathy Wain Yee Au","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yi Zhou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhen Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Lie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01174082330753637,"gpt":0.2622395725104376,"spread":0.2504987492029013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001067766,0.001436513,0.0006350548,0.002021641,0.0008774934,0.002146587,0.001314991,0.0009667857,0.116898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005136642,0.001184649,0.0008884289,0.001095644,0.0005464965,0.003647311,0.002069984,0.001417229,0.08495743],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005243014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001431718,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002381418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00323909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990174,0.0001017745,0.00008568769,0.0002474299,0.0004345438,0.0001131251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970811,0.0008804136,0.0002117613,0.000850539,0.0008455174,0.0001307056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009865771,0.0001894506,0.006558606,0.0009877407,0.00006739517,0.0007014772,0.0008770222,0.001649724,0.01252965,0.01918861,0.6075608,0.3487029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000129521,0.0001705267,0.005499111,0.0001901056,0.0000445185,0.00110794,0.0001879452,0.01178777,0.02930871,0.008182228,0.9432824,0.0001091142],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"software","genre_gemma":"software","genre_scores_codex":[0.01320821,0.0005647275,0.1660829,0.0004435054,0.0005573446,0.0005797761,0.03764256,0.6471069,0.1338141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1590257,0.001269163,0.1811048,0.001338102,0.0002523958,0.001075589,0.1584282,0.1968446,0.3006614],"genre_candidate":"software","genre_consensus":"software","teacher_disagreement_score":0.116898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986330503","doi":"10.1145/1866307.1866317","title":"A methodology for empirical analysis of permission-based security models and its application to android","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":489,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Permission; Computer science; Android (operating system); Empirical research; Granularity; Access control; Visualization; Data mining; Computer security; Operating system; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"David Barrera","is_ca":true},{"name":"H. Güneş Kayacık","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul C. van Oorschot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anil Somayaji","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07453032984931197,"gpt":0.405596354096775,"spread":0.3310660242474631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01534832,0.001185353,0.0006954674,0.006601738,0.001110984,0.002792409,0.001664198,0.001384098,0.003295928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06470517,0.0006429648,0.001504623,0.00491161,0.002333927,0.003284316,0.002453276,0.002918,0.0004183464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001740915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002242899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003666662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005094648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9881314,0.006949422,0.0008667261,0.001095473,0.002676141,0.0002808323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9429229,0.04311775,0.003233708,0.005955126,0.004412925,0.000357664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018371,0.001541528,0.04480482,0.0009193916,0.000369991,0.0007027995,0.0103227,0.07785158,0.01128069,0.4953108,0.005916616,0.3507954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009101271,0.0004080189,0.01594119,0.0002681533,0.00006763691,0.0007315826,0.004984059,0.6992571,0.007026221,0.2561164,0.01495687,0.0001517063],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01815806,0.00004930042,0.9785729,0.0002319492,0.00001024219,0.0006756299,0.0003497916,0.0002546145,0.001697415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1418423,0.00007183252,0.854345,0.00004844434,0.00001215726,0.00268035,0.0003944292,0.00004884828,0.0005566466],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01534832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08117068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2906631928","doi":"10.1109/ccst.2018.8585560","title":"Toward Developing a Systematic Approach to Generate Benchmark Android Malware Datasets and Classification","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":343,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Malware; Random forest; Android malware; Android (operating system); Decision tree; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Benchmark (surveying); Mobile malware; Data mining; Precision and recall; Software deployment; Computer security; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Arash Habibi Lashkari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andi Fitriah Abdul Kadir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laya Taheri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali A. Ghorbani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05446669555926854,"gpt":0.2857373318515801,"spread":0.2312706362923116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004543398,0.001808882,0.001047143,0.005830404,0.00113744,0.002262884,0.00387408,0.001318029,0.00138502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01605215,0.0005641569,0.001272177,0.003225094,0.0005276549,0.003014992,0.002278099,0.002000409,0.001619211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001300257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00249513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005184246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008422677,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959777,0.001033495,0.0005650394,0.0009336506,0.001247146,0.0002430608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9908394,0.001918999,0.0006933386,0.002111683,0.004053806,0.0003828135],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005781042,0.004168989,0.05404969,0.00267292,0.0005467741,0.000565721,0.0004253536,0.06745921,0.06380118,0.01545967,0.1203854,0.6698869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004611732,0.002095704,0.04530012,0.000869846,0.0002804641,0.001249614,0.001262545,0.6360189,0.1412827,0.01864535,0.1521641,0.0003695269],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1909079,0.002198573,0.6816752,0.002835621,0.001041392,0.008185759,0.06890369,0.03375842,0.01049342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1454026,0.0006387398,0.7087973,0.0006027856,0.0001332363,0.005176086,0.136946,0.0006737828,0.001629441],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005830404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02402806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203444100","doi":"10.1016/j.cose.2021.102490","title":"Ransomware: Recent advances, analysis, challenges and future research directions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Security","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":248,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"King Saud University","keywords":"Ransomware; Phishing; Computer security; Computer science; Government (linguistics); Internet privacy; Malware; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); The Internet; World Wide Web; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Craig Beaman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ashley Barkworth","is_ca":true},{"name":"Toluwalope David Akande","is_ca":true},{"name":"Saqib Hakak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Muhammad Khurram Khan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03219693488085095,"gpt":0.3272032440124024,"spread":0.2950063091315514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006820308,0.001337068,0.001621834,0.003241391,0.0005867861,0.004194377,0.002224026,0.001970064,0.005901371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01062751,0.0006293601,0.0008567871,0.003342734,0.001973507,0.007749242,0.001328024,0.002528949,0.002759526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007751893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001677733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002047635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003096614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969054,0.0007445361,0.0001866461,0.0006148404,0.001350633,0.0001979241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9851379,0.008497531,0.001018599,0.0008833704,0.003999826,0.0004627623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113451,0.0001578788,0.004009777,0.001203981,0.00006007496,0.00005104884,0.0001543424,0.001928086,0.001955851,0.01117713,0.009955238,0.9692332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000926689,0.002134552,0.01733531,0.006848539,0.0005843587,0.004875083,0.003581796,0.2515152,0.02666859,0.1076217,0.5781038,0.0006383084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02770143,0.7883288,0.1489789,0.0143603,0.002013121,0.0001653875,0.0002952535,0.001100904,0.0170559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1910239,0.5818392,0.2052418,0.003677783,0.005138093,0.0001613055,0.001287063,0.0002856009,0.01134527],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006820308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03606963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964795700","doi":"10.1007/978-0-585-27477-5_4","title":"Pattern Matching for Clone and Concept Detection","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":234,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Programmer; Computer science; Software engineering; Program comprehension; Source code; Programming language; Software system; Matching (statistics); Legacy system; Task (project management); Software evolution; Software; Systems engineering; Software construction; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Kostas Kontogiannis","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. DeMori","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ettore Merlo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael A. Galler","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Bernstein","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02316333521981394,"gpt":0.2729753443086678,"spread":0.2498120090888538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006883403,0.00113893,0.001143797,0.002243449,0.0005461567,0.00150695,0.002654102,0.001496302,0.01426704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002600636,0.0005974965,0.0009921101,0.003435814,0.0006615152,0.003821117,0.001410442,0.001202725,0.008523669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005698462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005565505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001164647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00128452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989335,0.0001150463,0.0000794271,0.0002977677,0.0005111069,0.00006315738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999079,0.000343741,0.00005463839,0.0002708724,0.0002260521,0.00002571079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003924176,0.00003842207,0.0002318562,0.0002065821,0.00002750446,0.00009694337,0.00006125512,0.002049867,0.009730026,0.01957175,0.01494112,0.9530055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003622352,0.0001648782,0.00199098,0.0003125966,0.0001484468,0.004147411,0.0001850041,0.300509,0.09165187,0.3660197,0.2347282,0.0001057554],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002995209,0.002594906,0.9805714,0.0001711701,0.0002183515,0.00008808782,0.0002820182,0.00334565,0.00973313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03547414,0.002449394,0.9267321,0.0002129097,0.0001643765,0.0001452267,0.001251817,0.000621409,0.03294857],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01426704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04772794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963604227","doi":"10.1093/cybsec/tyz003","title":"Ransomware payments in the Bitcoin ecosystem","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cybersecurity","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":233,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Ransomware; Payment; Cybercrime; Business; Computer security; Law enforcement; Ransom; Enforcement; Virtual currency; Internet privacy; Cryptocurrency; Malware; The Internet; Finance; Computer science; Economics; Monetary economics; Law; Currency","authors":[{"name":"Masarah Paquet-Clouston","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernhard Haslhofer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benoît Dupont","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006090047412144035,"gpt":0.2386382911070153,"spread":0.2325482436948712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002633468,0.0004355868,0.0004009008,0.002717034,0.00083366,0.002858732,0.0006011208,0.0008329786,0.004782259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01416786,0.0003504352,0.0002951318,0.003434884,0.001068015,0.006800704,0.001983256,0.001487928,0.00107282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001204987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008201223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00965064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0140191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980146,0.0007230944,0.00009162846,0.0002893546,0.0005787433,0.0003025515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9905739,0.004448142,0.002798666,0.0008193187,0.0009464817,0.0004134985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00087501,0.0005034468,0.7771462,0.0002410842,0.0001559832,0.001416368,0.001766279,0.06517351,0.002604802,0.05231548,0.007751479,0.09005042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008978789,0.0004078828,0.3972161,0.0004769821,0.0001078591,0.001683537,0.004247281,0.4757558,0.006887407,0.08757266,0.02537872,0.0001761244],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9708665,0.0004242944,0.01318396,0.0008482745,0.00001646639,0.00009489217,0.001760868,0.0002642428,0.01254065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932297,0.0002058286,0.00399569,0.00005470966,0.000008956251,0.0000480838,0.001198698,0.00002712921,0.001231013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00965064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01918894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2986305485","doi":"10.1109/jproc.2019.2948775","title":"The Security of Autonomous Driving: Threats, Defenses, and Future Directions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the IEEE","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer security; Control (management); Computer science; Emerging technologies; Perception; Risk analysis (engineering); Business; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Kui Ren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qian Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cong Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhan Qin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaodong Lin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005398617255660374,"gpt":0.2216648217944387,"spread":0.2162662045387784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002936762,0.000931048,0.0005634385,0.002059165,0.001518635,0.004172457,0.001317068,0.003438769,0.002508689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004674051,0.0004143775,0.0005899984,0.001026794,0.002897149,0.009950699,0.002072844,0.004214139,0.0009133235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001291763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001764023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001346369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001474668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980327,0.0005524697,0.0001297629,0.0002237365,0.0008314484,0.0002298882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946833,0.002706614,0.0003874597,0.0005281854,0.001351012,0.0003432822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001384541,0.0002745494,0.006377693,0.002156083,0.00008310586,0.00049177,0.0009378433,0.01391942,0.007325144,0.27942,0.02160241,0.6672735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002545595,0.000711277,0.003674044,0.004286551,0.0001380288,0.003112172,0.004963889,0.1142102,0.01660996,0.5955012,0.2565563,0.0002109462],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04071621,0.4243723,0.3429222,0.1211742,0.002649009,0.0002696302,0.0002318387,0.001095564,0.06656902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5739096,0.2913026,0.1075705,0.007649554,0.003007413,0.0003020873,0.0004017038,0.0001459637,0.01571057],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004172457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0155313,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210231570","doi":"10.1007/s10922-021-09634-4","title":"Effective and Efficient Hybrid Android Malware Classification Using Pseudo-Label Stacked Auto-Encoder","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Network and Systems Management","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Malware; Android (operating system); Machine learning; Android malware; Artificial intelligence; Encoder; Static analysis; Mobile device; Computer security; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Samaneh Mahdavifar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dima Alhadidi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali A. Ghorbani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02156520709240784,"gpt":0.2674306129995809,"spread":0.245865405907173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004553729,0.001288862,0.001063494,0.0011219,0.0005781245,0.0008587983,0.0009390335,0.0007682673,0.001637406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001265392,0.0003095073,0.0006625152,0.0005189431,0.000271129,0.001440898,0.001179081,0.0009195638,0.001723166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004016458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001171329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005150892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01090618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993206,0.00008254137,0.00003490082,0.0001551114,0.0002808978,0.0001258911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992342,0.0002144752,0.00005286101,0.0001151132,0.0003365154,0.00004679833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005598589,0.0003109183,0.003813467,0.0001215569,0.00008874527,0.0002982023,0.00007815217,0.01960824,0.06638242,0.002021513,0.0105353,0.8961816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001728884,0.0001217275,0.002043682,0.00001779325,0.00006648932,0.000326038,0.00004597532,0.9590987,0.03410704,0.001685705,0.002440185,0.0000294547],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2051833,0.003201588,0.7659467,0.0006387153,0.0007578757,0.0001674644,0.001215492,0.01655442,0.006334515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.709175,0.0008066998,0.2688075,0.0004950453,0.0002305294,0.0001318744,0.003300469,0.0003764688,0.01667649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005150892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01024181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031254140","doi":"10.1109/greencom-ithings-cpscom.2013.122","title":"Random Forest Classification for Detecting Android Malware","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Random forest; Computer science; Android (operating system); Malware; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Word error rate; The Internet; Classifier (UML); Android malware; Conditional random field; Support vector machine; Feature extraction; Decision tree; Data mining; Computer security; World Wide Web; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Mohammed S. Alam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Son T. Vuong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02155114889517997,"gpt":0.2638419700353418,"spread":0.2422908211401618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002619882,0.001267246,0.001058803,0.003197198,0.0006379964,0.0005561191,0.0009279143,0.001183861,0.001012765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00565696,0.0003511292,0.001167058,0.001386633,0.000215207,0.0009761289,0.0003499625,0.0008730565,0.0009094307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004669318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006955774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008237044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008926924,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987902,0.000369937,0.0001128541,0.0002490348,0.0003054383,0.0001725432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967481,0.001882565,0.00024137,0.0002266059,0.0008259993,0.00007535329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007983621,0.00052489,0.01805096,0.0002639461,0.0002380194,0.0003428379,0.0001227298,0.3028431,0.01120492,0.001251617,0.01020191,0.6541567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002525282,0.000118515,0.003194708,0.00002565311,0.00003922452,0.0001585611,0.00003294861,0.9906363,0.003299959,0.001353185,0.00109599,0.00001969799],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2629901,0.002877834,0.7209475,0.0004070736,0.0002933172,0.0004552597,0.002535013,0.007181073,0.002312785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.627281,0.0004717933,0.3653048,0.0001197466,0.0001595546,0.0003007368,0.004649683,0.0001324713,0.001580185],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008237044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01637816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999728176","doi":"10.1049/iet-ifs.2014.0099","title":"High accuracy android malware detection using ensemble learning","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IET Information Security","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Malware; Android malware; Computer science; Ensemble learning; Android (operating system); Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Computer security; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Suleiman Y. Yerima","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sakir Sezer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Igor Muttik","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02087862960961052,"gpt":0.2689254753340033,"spread":0.2480468457243928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001220928,0.0009005067,0.001147475,0.001673604,0.000557854,0.0008539439,0.0007369028,0.0007682911,0.0004511431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003146484,0.0003503439,0.000734716,0.0007413749,0.0001994553,0.001352193,0.0008561719,0.0009768459,0.0004454326],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004215938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004661626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003563538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00516081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990978,0.0001709881,0.0000492413,0.0002005772,0.0003681235,0.0001133321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981878,0.000713215,0.0001481596,0.000304898,0.0005882024,0.00005769793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002650277,0.0003734373,0.02691609,0.00004733823,0.0002960926,0.0002548185,0.0001279457,0.2876241,0.022284,0.0009406446,0.002963032,0.6579074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001983075,0.00003881293,0.001751924,0.000002914261,0.00001511601,0.00005998013,0.00001063919,0.9939685,0.003548811,0.0003527986,0.0002406332,0.000007921171],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4066254,0.0005711757,0.58525,0.0002961234,0.0001148514,0.00007834556,0.0002660452,0.003728169,0.003069946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9205081,0.0001367722,0.07736647,0.00005534476,0.00004398436,0.00003102594,0.000366278,0.00003614592,0.001455843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003563538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007085621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796498984","doi":"10.1515/popets-2018-0021","title":"“Won’t Somebody Think of the Children?” Examining COPPA Compliance at Scale","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Identifier; Internet privacy; Computer science; Scalability; World Wide Web; Android (operating system); Computer security; Advertising; Business; Database","authors":[{"name":"Irwin Reyes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Primal Wijesekera","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joel Reardon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amit Elazari Bar On","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abbas Razaghpanah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodríguez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Serge Egelman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02542924243536347,"gpt":0.2660565257495619,"spread":0.2406272833141984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004472032,0.0005164953,0.0005140868,0.003752621,0.001262996,0.003276025,0.001011698,0.0007767311,0.003009177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02901464,0.0003955007,0.0005067784,0.00268068,0.001131057,0.004069828,0.002444018,0.001532097,0.001185564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008907222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001212267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01299647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01283047,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940993,0.001209722,0.0003088648,0.001353897,0.002580178,0.0004480728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9733955,0.009834771,0.006393979,0.004061219,0.005485499,0.0008289178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001641208,0.0002338684,0.8199296,0.0001590262,0.0002099017,0.0004593844,0.00438475,0.003749292,0.006502164,0.005652366,0.009326951,0.1492286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002995511,0.000355881,0.8066099,0.0002554915,0.0001590576,0.001190027,0.008695031,0.1134902,0.01167647,0.01786999,0.03949355,0.0001744186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9272911,0.0005895859,0.04187657,0.001846133,0.00007973966,0.0003159813,0.003781044,0.00221772,0.02200221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762646,0.0001366506,0.02052879,0.0002362302,0.00002452226,0.0001395177,0.001229733,0.0001382196,0.001301837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01299647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02584165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205689130","doi":"10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678888","title":"SMARTIAN: Enhancing Smart Contract Fuzzing with Static and Dynamic Data-Flow Analyses","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Fuzz testing; Computer science; Database transaction; Static analysis; Code (set theory); Code coverage; Construct (python library); Smart contract; Software bug; Database; Software engineering; Programming language; Software; Set (abstract data type)","authors":[{"name":"Jaeseung Choi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Doyeon Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Soomin Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gustavo Grieco","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alex Groce","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sang Kil","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03912733686987249,"gpt":0.3268875456929596,"spread":0.2877602088230872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004066743,0.001599336,0.0008604447,0.003293842,0.0007055061,0.001757971,0.002297905,0.001358383,0.002109539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02960371,0.0009920557,0.00137682,0.001268354,0.002320582,0.005850363,0.003060619,0.002020039,0.0008283956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001049136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002888114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004403519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006199884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950129,0.00108007,0.0003935301,0.0009728833,0.002234424,0.0003060036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98067,0.01120375,0.001590105,0.004413777,0.001833539,0.0002888094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001039779,0.0009568399,0.05981112,0.001047113,0.0003734866,0.001152231,0.002214973,0.1493052,0.09352568,0.02743243,0.01897952,0.6441616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008811581,0.000239275,0.004033957,0.0000870938,0.0000748774,0.0003668302,0.0001656371,0.9143898,0.05192642,0.02066203,0.007877143,0.00008874325],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1475373,0.0004858825,0.7597989,0.001020343,0.0001021554,0.0005715412,0.001147237,0.08636992,0.002966794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4652986,0.0002764528,0.5248548,0.0006153135,0.00005541509,0.0003131874,0.002651801,0.003945327,0.001989117],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004403519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02150726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2982413766","doi":"10.1109/ccst.2019.8888430","title":"Extensible Android Malware Detection and Family Classification Using Network-Flows and API-Calls","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":163,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Android (operating system); Malware; Computer science; Android malware; Static analysis; System call; Cryptovirology; Operating system; Computer security; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Laya Taheri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andi Fitriah Abdul Kadir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arash Habibi Lashkari","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02111490074167297,"gpt":0.2489764777621725,"spread":0.2278615770204996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007156344,0.002313036,0.0008552615,0.008691917,0.0007043962,0.001126576,0.0008886639,0.0008178069,0.001084183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003626812,0.0002833996,0.00114621,0.001415592,0.0003193777,0.001653922,0.001421007,0.0008819028,0.001835335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006159323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001010717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01060419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01590418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998611,0.0001110651,0.0001446072,0.000417164,0.0005143068,0.0002019043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982066,0.0004159495,0.000302138,0.0003885467,0.0005494892,0.0001371807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00171752,0.001253164,0.2538372,0.001049845,0.0004715179,0.001093035,0.0004833708,0.01412941,0.03190509,0.002279521,0.08262938,0.6091509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001632782,0.0007335006,0.2734623,0.0003542275,0.0003289426,0.003606194,0.0006660998,0.590068,0.06844328,0.005480926,0.05640854,0.0002847463],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7935067,0.004262715,0.06107558,0.0006882212,0.0006040495,0.001174909,0.07214625,0.05431643,0.01222513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7951711,0.001035843,0.08377225,0.0002416513,0.0002190783,0.000534343,0.1122855,0.0006624931,0.00607781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01060419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0210849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195556073","doi":"10.3390/app11167518","title":"A Review on Security of Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture: Security Aspects, Attacks, Threats and Countermeasures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Countermeasure; Computer security; Agriculture; Business; Internet of Things; Honeypot; Computer science; Risk analysis (engineering); Internet privacy; Engineering; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Abbas Yazdinejad","is_ca":true},{"name":"Behrouz Zolfaghari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amin Azmoodeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hadis Karimipour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Evan Fraser","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arthur G. Green","is_ca":true},{"name":"Conor Russell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emily Duncan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04331043739111019,"gpt":0.3426784737171092,"spread":0.2993680363259991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007256309,0.001140948,0.001145445,0.004187122,0.0005179723,0.00162928,0.0009213893,0.001623415,0.004709751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00204167,0.000415635,0.00079488,0.004400968,0.000630554,0.002950872,0.0007538397,0.001484306,0.001877332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008280136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002263881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001662201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002663711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994667,0.00009846283,0.00008370406,0.00008583004,0.0002226593,0.0000425607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980484,0.001249447,0.0002518219,0.00005166963,0.0003247481,0.00007379232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004515472,0.00008491903,0.0005576976,0.05765193,0.0001397755,0.0003127878,0.0002973685,0.0009008315,0.001805031,0.01269189,0.04374467,0.8817679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004343433,0.00008784916,0.001122773,0.01348017,0.0001498839,0.000908412,0.0001832296,0.0001350768,0.0004611159,0.003209919,0.9802303,0.00002695152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000217033,0.9963095,0.0003271574,0.0004399571,0.0002396611,0.000008776158,0.00003030723,0.00001014364,0.002417421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001088187,0.997715,0.000273729,0.0002228961,0.0001342096,0.000007262175,0.00003452143,0.000002073335,0.0005220493],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004709751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01575571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797143217","doi":"10.1007/s10462-018-9631-5","title":"Artificial intelligence test: a case study of intelligent vehicles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Artificial Intelligence Review","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Test (biology); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Artificial intelligence, situated approach; Applications of artificial intelligence; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Li Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nanning Zheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fei‐Yue Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yuehu Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dongpu Cao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kunfeng Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wuling Huang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1165053816690335,"gpt":0.3882024655908736,"spread":0.2716970839218401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001171387,0.0005616184,0.0002755819,0.0017426,0.001600788,0.001491275,0.001571376,0.002353279,0.002907989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007407921,0.0001615341,0.0004377479,0.001181848,0.001275716,0.001216558,0.0008804116,0.0007781742,0.0008992018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001181589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001067909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01016359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0146801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985831,0.0004018412,0.00008783407,0.0001609118,0.000535009,0.0002314159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951465,0.002984811,0.0003164783,0.0002896975,0.0009048548,0.0003577798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001291557,0.005056344,0.5395122,0.0009961001,0.000300574,0.1173657,0.01330325,0.01575775,0.01047227,0.01701613,0.02817157,0.2507565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000379764,0.005246002,0.332291,0.001021872,0.0005866808,0.1868508,0.06020062,0.1556372,0.06583133,0.02250601,0.1691402,0.0003084536],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9742051,0.0006624479,0.00720967,0.001513016,0.00008696199,0.0002066706,0.000617155,0.0001487909,0.01535022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989111,0.0004104265,0.005301135,0.0002756837,0.00003005367,0.0000439438,0.000471324,0.00005080787,0.004305605],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01016359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02020884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293192140","doi":"10.5220/0010908200003120","title":"Detecting Obfuscated Malware using Memory Feature Engineering","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Malware; Feature (linguistics); Feature engineering; Artificial intelligence; Obfuscation; Pattern recognition (psychology); Operating system; Computer security; Deep learning","authors":[{"name":"Tristan Lucas Carrier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Princy Victor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Tekeoglu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arash Habibi Lashkari","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01154745839125784,"gpt":0.2286258534574822,"spread":0.2170783950662244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002151928,0.0006637954,0.0003840425,0.001483347,0.0003253874,0.0007380343,0.0005037224,0.0004868265,0.001244357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001895453,0.0002374994,0.000439029,0.0005487506,0.0003223554,0.001369493,0.0006035906,0.00051944,0.000479962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002450057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003803451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005041187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00115347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996386,0.0000297508,0.00001891571,0.00007504338,0.0001738584,0.00006381355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987925,0.0003799931,0.0002981291,0.0002581737,0.0002422608,0.0000288729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032682,0.0002906792,0.01918754,0.0002304896,0.00009098786,0.0005518816,0.0001798067,0.01398808,0.282872,0.004982584,0.002735237,0.6745639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002693281,0.0007182847,0.01120426,0.00007004946,0.0001615605,0.001866647,0.0001878836,0.4579793,0.5065705,0.01368532,0.007473083,0.00005615705],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5682936,0.001261641,0.4153167,0.0003519693,0.0001607195,0.0001505249,0.0002998061,0.008416513,0.005748569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9157516,0.0002545084,0.08078412,0.00010791,0.00003436689,0.00003606067,0.0002280504,0.0001829269,0.002620439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001483347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004162848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016481661","doi":"10.1109/access.2020.2988160","title":"KeySplitWatermark: Zero Watermarking Algorithm for Software Protection Against Cyber-Attacks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Malware; Watermark; Computer security; Code (set theory); Software; Cryptovirology; Digital watermarking; Phishing; Key (lock); Algorithm; Embedding; Operating system; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; The Internet","authors":[{"name":"Celestine Iwendi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zunera Jalil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdul Rehman Javed","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rajesh Kaluri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gautam Srivastava","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ohyun Jo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04734096526295769,"gpt":0.3017547902626735,"spread":0.2544138249997159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004164086,0.0008336135,0.0004546359,0.001370835,0.0004304685,0.0008584445,0.0007843714,0.001021682,0.002626927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001851148,0.0002322867,0.0004551593,0.0006906185,0.000750883,0.002050142,0.0007762866,0.000790523,0.001542551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000414942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005994901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006068639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006537625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994386,0.00005135403,0.00004383471,0.0001176374,0.0002888586,0.00005973579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994701,0.0001038844,0.0001345638,0.0001035954,0.0001613645,0.00002667754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007220425,0.0001342633,0.001361314,0.0004425878,0.00007302802,0.0003821866,0.0002623379,0.02163754,0.2940269,0.01357506,0.005320024,0.6620628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001239731,0.0007333619,0.001734861,0.0000974406,0.00008278135,0.001624252,0.0001322893,0.3127074,0.6329913,0.008977134,0.04066378,0.000131367],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.05253763,0.002355714,0.9339601,0.000299919,0.0002279647,0.0001477103,0.0001253724,0.00460254,0.005743114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5077463,0.001864152,0.475198,0.0002424978,0.00008831402,0.0001592587,0.0005371958,0.0004022701,0.01376192],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002626927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00878793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560252021","doi":"10.1145/2991079.2991114","title":"Code obfuscation against symbolic execution attacks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Obfuscation; Malware; Computer science; Symbolic execution; Static program analysis; Static analysis; Computer security; Code (set theory); Reverse engineering; Software; Program analysis; Malware analysis; Software engineering; Property (philosophy); Programming language; Software development","authors":[{"name":"Sebastian Bănescu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Collberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vijay Ganesh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zack Newsham","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexander Pretschner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01207496292360117,"gpt":0.2577418971723689,"spread":0.2456669342487677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002076944,0.0008717676,0.0008897289,0.00206501,0.0006887026,0.0009895868,0.0007776386,0.001514894,0.00215982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01865262,0.0003541044,0.0004788173,0.0007566841,0.002094776,0.002048524,0.001655768,0.001212381,0.0008196521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005918073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007610661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003914249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003371959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961336,0.001090438,0.0002012882,0.0003392991,0.00172883,0.0005065682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9814606,0.009794189,0.002509917,0.004808345,0.001175008,0.0002518702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002360327,0.0005155405,0.007243981,0.001247599,0.0003243112,0.0008649231,0.0008080558,0.1322208,0.207976,0.06607619,0.006331972,0.5740304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001677273,0.001279952,0.004529471,0.0007105907,0.0003455086,0.001671065,0.000284529,0.5137454,0.4061667,0.05678267,0.01420893,0.0001074674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7081255,0.004102915,0.2535884,0.001297078,0.0002482421,0.0002326599,0.0002396918,0.007019179,0.02514624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742721,0.000527004,0.02364069,0.00008928739,0.00003763445,0.00004986559,0.0001052545,0.0001102301,0.001167912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00215982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3070581385","doi":"10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106630","title":"Cryptocurrency malware hunting: A deep Recurrent Neural Network approach","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Soft Computing","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Cryptocurrency; Computer science; Malware; Opcode; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Machine learning; Exploit; Recurrent neural network; Perceptron; Artificial neural network; Computer security; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Abbas Yazdinejad","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hamed HaddadPajouh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Reza M. Parizi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gautam Srivastava","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mu‐Yen Chen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02145561154983816,"gpt":0.2444350806087735,"spread":0.2229794690589353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000455827,0.0006341744,0.0005872376,0.0008858762,0.000372066,0.0007841673,0.001031038,0.0009074537,0.001716155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009895783,0.0003535731,0.0005109644,0.0004192207,0.0003216597,0.001220402,0.000844753,0.001036992,0.0005289756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004787267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005398623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004941053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008552393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998114,0.00002655993,0.000007353646,0.00004596682,0.00005882179,0.0000499205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995711,0.0001566046,0.00005845991,0.00005579741,0.00012679,0.00003115665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003922893,0.0005294729,0.004452954,0.0001328455,0.0001825125,0.0003946185,0.0001402831,0.3529662,0.03436055,0.01058336,0.006732755,0.5891321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001742716,0.00001375593,0.0001235948,0.000002001594,0.000006635708,0.00001484901,0.000004561878,0.9975151,0.001331722,0.0008465852,0.0001364715,0.000002959439],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1840682,0.0008482824,0.804977,0.0005392209,0.0001693737,0.00008508617,0.0001649004,0.003177427,0.005970642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8871667,0.0002293377,0.1033269,0.0001611339,0.00007291789,0.00003184702,0.0002708097,0.0001475257,0.008592893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004941053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009824574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2507383779","doi":"10.1109/iscc.2016.7543859","title":"Big Data Analytics: Security and privacy challenges","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Big data; Computer science; Data science; Analytics; Context (archaeology); Information privacy; Computer security; Data analysis; Internet privacy; Data mining","authors":[{"name":"Youssef Gahi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mouhcine Guennoun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hussein T. Mouftah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1115372363813534,"gpt":0.3009024309331801,"spread":0.1893651945518267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02154302,0.0011875,0.001837922,0.002790385,0.00322978,0.01057753,0.003924486,0.007580504,0.001353329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03530728,0.001212072,0.001801001,0.004755866,0.008414943,0.02580798,0.007082315,0.0103469,0.0009698947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001970086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002570823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007011537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004523706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9784063,0.008728161,0.001460865,0.001853938,0.008744023,0.0008067206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9336004,0.04296865,0.003499115,0.01298294,0.005755654,0.001193197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002427684,0.0001148395,0.004875522,0.00215196,0.0002614648,0.0007063655,0.001468154,0.01056845,0.00360645,0.6466808,0.03429216,0.295031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002830997,0.00007168986,0.001104571,0.0008281824,0.00006201318,0.001463276,0.001148648,0.03880005,0.003893594,0.849729,0.1027893,0.00008124641],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01359743,0.08926109,0.6462462,0.2277498,0.002669444,0.000363428,0.0006574052,0.0009108243,0.01854444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4437335,0.1274273,0.3797137,0.02491585,0.01629148,0.0007540597,0.001169538,0.0003366538,0.005658105],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02154302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1139317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024606024","doi":"10.1109/access.2020.2993553","title":"Attacks and Defenses in Short-Range Wireless Technologies for IoT","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Wireless; Computer science; Internet of Things; Range (aeronautics); Computer security; Computer network; Telecommunications; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Karim Lounis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Zulkernine","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06158950359987024,"gpt":0.3357675878411083,"spread":0.2741780842412381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001144295,0.0008826883,0.0008151485,0.002096928,0.001137334,0.002456755,0.0007603992,0.002238767,0.0009737246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003954945,0.0004074665,0.000718103,0.001574382,0.001909057,0.00493149,0.001518358,0.002488861,0.0003777948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008615481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005626329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004960634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003455576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977112,0.000639417,0.0001434617,0.0001937872,0.001079403,0.0002327725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997349,0.001461769,0.0004349565,0.0003093323,0.00034906,0.00009590734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001651879,0.0002210969,0.004598652,0.0008985049,0.0001256928,0.0009549132,0.0008261926,0.05722604,0.01520051,0.5995414,0.01248285,0.3077589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003380676,0.0005541195,0.004228722,0.001127333,0.0001377142,0.00461859,0.00114291,0.4425875,0.01391018,0.3915467,0.1399705,0.0001419488],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06078822,0.119522,0.7511176,0.009093863,0.001372631,0.0004236295,0.0001295088,0.000968691,0.05658393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8056697,0.07251767,0.1063279,0.001783466,0.001681438,0.0004683432,0.0002260753,0.00009173033,0.01123373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002456755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006251037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3002277530","doi":"10.1007/s10723-020-09510-6","title":"Detecting Cryptomining Malware: a Deep Learning Approach for Static and Dynamic Analysis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Grid Computing","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Malware; Static analysis; Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Machine learning; Computer security; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Hamid Darabian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sajad Homayoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sattar Hashemi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hadis Karimipour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Reza M. Parizi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0135759447445652,"gpt":0.2665488049960827,"spread":0.2529728602515175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006446796,0.001049983,0.0006995178,0.001868553,0.0005215292,0.001140896,0.001188186,0.0008411967,0.001966601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001472139,0.0004266436,0.0007370948,0.0009648468,0.0004575017,0.001447622,0.00138754,0.00159839,0.0008001583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000916608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001309359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008093658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01361702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996175,0.00004383314,0.00002197946,0.00009453181,0.0001081322,0.000114168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992022,0.0002752105,0.00009259527,0.0001209893,0.0002412213,0.00006784443],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004522845,0.000725852,0.01346561,0.0001290654,0.0001550588,0.0001978938,0.0001244903,0.09857413,0.0335625,0.005806966,0.006491172,0.840315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004683087,0.00004144601,0.001032289,0.000007908949,0.00001454327,0.00003282648,0.00002555888,0.9897891,0.004392537,0.004041534,0.0006101624,0.000007452023],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1867034,0.0009278759,0.8010423,0.0006884146,0.0001308643,0.0001388163,0.0007560294,0.005335386,0.004277047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8356367,0.0003752217,0.1546569,0.0002646874,0.00008371624,0.00007931002,0.001095548,0.0001809503,0.007626981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008093658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01609308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981229864","doi":"10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504162","title":"Automated malware classification based on network behavior","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Malware; Computer science; Leverage (statistics); Cryptovirology; Computer security; The Internet; Network security; Artificial intelligence; Malware analysis; Machine learning; Data mining; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"S. Nari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali A. Ghorbani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06834772293007085,"gpt":0.3245046573709163,"spread":0.2561569344408455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003481488,0.0006157421,0.000586632,0.006906555,0.0004764691,0.000873448,0.0003483775,0.0004106598,0.0005835588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002119996,0.0001470719,0.0003439763,0.001496669,0.0002565352,0.0007717266,0.0004144214,0.0003312834,0.0007267101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004068148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004081997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002665098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003511045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994808,0.00007345248,0.00003893153,0.0001109989,0.0002326849,0.00006316686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984107,0.0004737667,0.0003419956,0.0001304699,0.0005663101,0.00007683721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007302669,0.0005296906,0.1614996,0.000291425,0.000144836,0.0009401987,0.0005737443,0.0240594,0.09138053,0.001712792,0.006764823,0.7113727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001174078,0.0001522657,0.09381107,0.00005647677,0.00007233314,0.001113196,0.0003544258,0.8595887,0.03799085,0.002522827,0.004280164,0.00004598133],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.888997,0.0006588459,0.09964386,0.0002316634,0.0000680318,0.000320829,0.001509537,0.00388524,0.004685091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9489707,0.0003526122,0.0466654,0.00003875183,0.00005227216,0.0001069742,0.002049441,0.00006827406,0.001695589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006906555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005299151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168740635","doi":"10.1109/msp.2005.103","title":"Secure Software Development by Example","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Security & Privacy","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ericsson (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Software security assurance; Software; Computer security; Face (sociological concept); Software development; Software engineering; Security bug; Software peer review; Secure coding; Information security; Software construction; Security service; Sociology; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Axelle Apvrille","is_ca":true},{"name":"Makan Pourzandi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01378062735830235,"gpt":0.2502454562411119,"spread":0.2364648288828095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001462691,0.000584456,0.000286607,0.0008869489,0.0006193025,0.001526306,0.0007342264,0.0008307343,0.0182302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006506085,0.000310546,0.0004860403,0.0006971303,0.000553335,0.00289356,0.002545842,0.001155317,0.01187571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004333447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007347713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005579109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001133011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981326,0.000531615,0.0001150711,0.0002376823,0.000807469,0.000175562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969966,0.000781933,0.0001711132,0.001384051,0.0005252071,0.0001410602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002273318,0.000193798,0.001859146,0.0005715323,0.00004530375,0.000804016,0.000633023,0.007915966,0.01318199,0.3048854,0.1010812,0.5686013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008679908,0.0002476664,0.0008942538,0.0002909312,0.00004510396,0.001342156,0.0001190302,0.03746448,0.01961666,0.1153143,0.824545,0.00003360083],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02452406,0.001210923,0.6896237,0.004906074,0.0005059992,0.0006747837,0.0008234016,0.01906593,0.2586651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2906741,0.003230339,0.5771248,0.0008752698,0.0001920439,0.0007574671,0.001958517,0.002278411,0.1229091],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0182302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0609861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569422795","doi":"10.1007/3-540-45439-x_10","title":"An Approach to the Obfuscation of Control-Flow of Sequential Computer Programs","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Crosslight Software (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Obfuscation; Control flow; Theoretical computer science; Property (philosophy); Programming language; Bounded function; Program analysis; Turing; Key (lock); Software; Algorithm; Mathematics; Operating system; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Stanley Chow","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yuan Gu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Harold J. Johnson","is_ca":true},{"name":"В. А. Захаров","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01826524549787394,"gpt":0.258011945190141,"spread":0.239746699692267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009706264,0.001255428,0.0008521654,0.001548987,0.001129015,0.001728517,0.00198449,0.001621504,0.003699689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002833738,0.0009437748,0.00206366,0.001195173,0.003474005,0.00364616,0.003062414,0.003886856,0.000762158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008748927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009742452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001079422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001406341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989634,0.0002024693,0.0000653222,0.0001879057,0.0004713422,0.000109582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980584,0.001007765,0.00009500523,0.0006655158,0.0001249574,0.00004835508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000181743,0.0001511558,0.0004064015,0.0004360233,0.00008542698,0.0003008527,0.0007052131,0.03349335,0.02230529,0.6447686,0.005355,0.291811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004931723,0.0001184347,0.0002762018,0.0001176267,0.0001086805,0.0005630993,0.00007428769,0.1871719,0.01935744,0.7652329,0.02688266,0.00004735831],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.006173978,0.0008014601,0.9844008,0.000339205,0.0001112809,0.00006510141,0.00002931256,0.0008270033,0.007251801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1972925,0.003071377,0.7788412,0.0004776903,0.0003838038,0.0002239876,0.0001583896,0.0004663392,0.01908476],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003699689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01237673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2514396107","doi":"10.1109/access.2016.2601009","title":"Survey on Threats and Attacks on Mobile Networks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Université de Bretagne Occidentale; École de technologie supérieure","keywords":"Computer science; Computer security; Denial-of-service attack; Computer network; Cellular network; Public land mobile network; Mobile computing; Network security; Core network; Wireless network; Network Access Control; Mobile telephony; Telecommunications; Wireless; Mobile radio; Cloud computing security; The Internet; Cloud computing; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Silvere Mavoungou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Georges Kaddoum","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mostafa Taha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Georges Matar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04578018460205293,"gpt":0.3481642915411328,"spread":0.3023841069390799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009023658,0.001158584,0.0008747027,0.004725684,0.0009713813,0.001996314,0.0008787878,0.001422266,0.00230685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002781565,0.0004034466,0.000770346,0.003822869,0.0005155632,0.003831333,0.0009639288,0.0008502724,0.001125396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006488687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008611152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009260887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006557397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981806,0.0003252241,0.0001759738,0.0001556785,0.0009859799,0.0001765362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976923,0.001379111,0.0002799912,0.0001685734,0.0004155152,0.00006449084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001148016,0.0001222579,0.007689017,0.004650607,0.0001155971,0.001133901,0.0007135733,0.006837404,0.004719138,0.03864956,0.02975092,0.9055032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001970209,0.0004239733,0.01302558,0.00701261,0.0003235703,0.0128522,0.001517965,0.02669841,0.00886258,0.04307073,0.8860654,0.0001273747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.06034054,0.7315267,0.07894923,0.006537711,0.001751189,0.0005726629,0.001144481,0.001266861,0.1179107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.243865,0.7055049,0.03185852,0.002065947,0.00208488,0.0003076019,0.001481865,0.0001107216,0.01272058],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004725684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007717192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366447842","doi":"10.1109/access.2023.3268535","title":"The Age of Ransomware: A Survey on the Evolution, Taxonomy, and Research Directions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Data science; Computer security; Malware","authors":[{"name":"Salwa Razaulla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claude Fachkha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christine Markarian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amjad Gawanmeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wathiq Mansoor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin C. M. Fung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chadi Assi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1716317309185021,"gpt":0.3955594999842997,"spread":0.2239277690657976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003286866,0.001351752,0.001134548,0.01143412,0.001502446,0.004923592,0.001646339,0.002369272,0.003478349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01478601,0.0009269101,0.0008376717,0.008860306,0.002995934,0.01428137,0.002086156,0.002870599,0.002197682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001428342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002014221,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002876132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002519021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955852,0.0008185458,0.0004979668,0.001013364,0.00178117,0.0003036668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9770691,0.0133727,0.002885378,0.001468354,0.004566072,0.0006384512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008359725,0.0001062357,0.02264647,0.004284279,0.00005030534,0.0004091748,0.002671948,0.00131136,0.001674589,0.03991045,0.02044562,0.9064061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001065563,0.000366601,0.0371055,0.01270197,0.0001538072,0.008994795,0.007207804,0.01037048,0.005935552,0.04076334,0.8760591,0.000330381],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05061798,0.8333675,0.05579952,0.01161574,0.00217895,0.0002864857,0.001282481,0.0008719263,0.04397937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1771997,0.7511285,0.05000269,0.005132867,0.00301492,0.0002249845,0.003379016,0.0004148297,0.009502454],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01143412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0173828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945645805","doi":"10.1109/jsyst.2019.2906120","title":"Adversarial-Example Attacks Toward Android Malware Detection System","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Systems Journal","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Adversarial system; Malware; Computer science; Firewall (physics); Computer security; Android malware; Android (operating system); Adversarial machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Operating system; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Heng Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shiyao Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Yuan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiahuan Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry Leung","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01598094553645232,"gpt":0.2354679562669741,"spread":0.2194870107305218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001025153,0.0006880705,0.0005706397,0.0003881279,0.0002517759,0.0004053883,0.0006301699,0.0007118294,0.001120833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003177829,0.0002065382,0.0004658725,0.0001485369,0.0007613146,0.0007660117,0.0009596614,0.001160162,0.0002974603],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004381134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003300121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008966342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009574846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999073,0.0003189359,0.00002962588,0.0001549346,0.000314844,0.0001085066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982595,0.001058865,0.0001395033,0.0002342564,0.0002463011,0.00006157891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004959704,0.0001311689,0.004568174,0.0001300758,0.0001087549,0.0004310695,0.000155154,0.8067869,0.03008359,0.01339902,0.004689204,0.1390209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000042333,0.00003849903,0.0002796288,0.000003824792,0.00000596335,0.0000816013,0.000004214641,0.9943298,0.003720213,0.001137607,0.0003883317,0.000006071144],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2776758,0.0008458402,0.7092012,0.0008147514,0.0001626072,0.0001942398,0.0001536124,0.002666407,0.008285493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9578604,0.0001250631,0.03951962,0.000231605,0.00003240265,0.00004859266,0.0001005228,0.00004358901,0.002038187],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001120833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005421579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767943400","doi":"10.1109/ase.2017.8115707","title":"CogniCrypt: Supporting developers in using cryptography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cryptography; Encryption; Code (set theory); Task (project management); Cryptographic primitive; Workspace; Computer security; World Wide Web; Cryptographic protocol; Programming language; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Krüger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Nadi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Reif","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karim Ali","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mira Mezini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Bodden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Florian Göpfert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felix Günther","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Weinert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Demmler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ram Kamath","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03658455903041057,"gpt":0.3504182464749475,"spread":0.3138336874445369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003175071,0.001178298,0.0003832344,0.001264417,0.0006903875,0.002123832,0.001596433,0.001227006,0.00822014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02481706,0.00104114,0.0005450886,0.0004667818,0.001053782,0.004577485,0.004280909,0.002085218,0.005940163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004345855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001676862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008260648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001239231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977198,0.0004873571,0.0001610781,0.0003573885,0.0009768402,0.0002975027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.988825,0.004742126,0.0008601778,0.002968682,0.001734372,0.0008696776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008014629,0.0005930976,0.01269959,0.0006312817,0.00004489135,0.002791232,0.008005192,0.003395484,0.06427708,0.0209196,0.1718917,0.7139494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004767404,0.0006744781,0.008119169,0.0006989148,0.0001172565,0.006973347,0.001814862,0.07989214,0.1422505,0.02549787,0.7330691,0.0004155678],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07973184,0.0008545612,0.6107665,0.001925096,0.0004387297,0.000638231,0.0008059529,0.2633478,0.0414914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4290787,0.001371757,0.4924305,0.001429684,0.0002101966,0.0005124999,0.002275394,0.03174696,0.04094426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00822014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02749908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2957305577","doi":"10.1007/s11416-019-00338-7","title":"A Cyber-Kill-Chain based taxonomy of crypto-ransomware features","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Salford Manchester","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Computer security; Taxonomy (biology); Malware; Biology; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Tooska Dargahi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pooneh Nikkhah Bahrami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mauro Conti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giuseppe Bianchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loris Benedetto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009104240919380079,"gpt":0.2354682402076756,"spread":0.2263639992882955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101396,0.0008842748,0.000374282,0.008329568,0.002436467,0.003909578,0.001182552,0.001822958,0.005944509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004716457,0.0002945719,0.0007624211,0.004463555,0.003061994,0.008266135,0.002489343,0.001938795,0.002133813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002003945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002283489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004024568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002954238,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978422,0.0003076071,0.0002265357,0.0002767605,0.001007868,0.0003390122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995229,0.001075004,0.0009985577,0.0006891412,0.001660396,0.00034789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001712704,0.0002470714,0.07019167,0.0009215992,0.00004861966,0.00224274,0.01157112,0.006065997,0.007593984,0.5195224,0.01560529,0.3658182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000299802,0.000749766,0.06649599,0.002035505,0.0001390924,0.01443878,0.0169311,0.0530736,0.007162168,0.2775663,0.5611321,0.0002456004],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3422303,0.0058198,0.4093219,0.004614535,0.0003119909,0.001554791,0.002114489,0.002347815,0.2316845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7436721,0.004163189,0.2069644,0.0006551573,0.0001412451,0.0005881536,0.004118903,0.0002903239,0.03940652],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008329568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01988637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1491356120","doi":"10.1109/sp.2015.60","title":"Effective Real-Time Android Application Auditing","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; False positive paradox; Static analysis; Audit; Android (operating system); Usability; Mobile apps; Information sensitivity; Malware; Permission; Computer security; Mobile device; Operating system; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Mingyuan Xia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lu Gong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yuanhao Lyu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhengwei Qi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xue Liu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007570340425608404,"gpt":0.2566760764462649,"spread":0.2491057360206565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001527884,0.001124687,0.0006259525,0.001773322,0.0005216559,0.001280262,0.001154251,0.0006089073,0.002458214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0149914,0.0007360952,0.0005147026,0.0005409683,0.0006065065,0.002593137,0.002026672,0.001030404,0.001685012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003882592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001216993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001516326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001905249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961765,0.0008635105,0.0002697681,0.0004799468,0.00182196,0.0003882829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9882378,0.004478799,0.001446329,0.003401106,0.002118668,0.000317395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002136393,0.000412206,0.05524734,0.001081774,0.0001629735,0.001998488,0.002373426,0.01065735,0.08162872,0.003321444,0.03671362,0.8042663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003464184,0.001825975,0.1393022,0.000940968,0.0003814781,0.007503772,0.002128631,0.4736594,0.22968,0.01518169,0.128402,0.0006474424],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.5922487,0.003324301,0.2057276,0.001297615,0.0005574367,0.00129486,0.00225242,0.1704125,0.0228846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.957442,0.0004441485,0.03546623,0.0002779829,0.00006381733,0.0002444797,0.0007340051,0.00153118,0.003796146],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002458214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008223534,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W794140516","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3264701","title":"Android Permissions Remystified: A Field Study on Contextual Integrity","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; International Science and Technology Center; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permission; Android (operating system); Computer science; Computer security; Internet privacy; Data integrity; World Wide Web; Data collection; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Primal Wijesekera","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arjun Baokar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ashkan Hosseini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Serge Egelman","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Wagner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Konstantin Beznosov","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09985135791045767,"gpt":0.3166943131726072,"spread":0.2168429552621495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007388096,0.0005084867,0.0004406844,0.001390951,0.003605281,0.001561893,0.0008532241,0.001373397,0.002086331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.018227,0.0007266516,0.0002606589,0.0005598934,0.003739639,0.002894245,0.002141242,0.001672127,0.0003475368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001015907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001227486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006166282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01106111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995242,0.002974531,0.0002530001,0.000637436,0.0003482929,0.0005447856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9710543,0.01908982,0.003615735,0.001954966,0.002789899,0.001495313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007336252,0.003855039,0.1177137,0.0003497072,0.00002396943,0.001873041,0.8349354,0.0001615461,0.01255355,0.001206542,0.001117876,0.02547618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009751885,0.004736059,0.1698981,0.0002612857,0.00003271741,0.001391188,0.8086572,0.0008808906,0.004139147,0.0008546184,0.008925241,0.0001261087],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986191,0.00003852028,0.0004313349,0.0001099112,0.000004581052,0.0001305734,0.00003661478,0.000005089355,0.0006243645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980466,0.00008124397,0.0009145628,0.0001393542,0.00001009924,0.00016301,0.00004440565,0.000005959764,0.0005948116],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007388096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03907245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913493033","doi":"10.1002/cpe.5173","title":"An opcode‐based technique for polymorphic Internet of Things malware detection","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Opcode; Computer science; Malware; Internet of Things; The Internet; Computer security; World Wide Web; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Hamid Darabian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sattar Hashemi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sajad Homayoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0161056960932537,"gpt":0.3230248090226117,"spread":0.306919112929358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002574425,0.0004512947,0.0003642159,0.003307922,0.0003295681,0.0004089509,0.0003513265,0.0003586257,0.001402325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001645474,0.0001493265,0.0003335048,0.001261472,0.0002753371,0.0004741017,0.0003605335,0.0003679046,0.0007812883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000214425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003395479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001234811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00164767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995721,0.00003679998,0.00002982439,0.00006511587,0.0002539482,0.00004224211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987687,0.0002938507,0.0003030513,0.0001294433,0.0004575603,0.00004737506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004004766,0.0001753319,0.02619077,0.0002527227,0.00008033545,0.0009491211,0.0001801689,0.00811951,0.283068,0.002499696,0.003850885,0.674233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002738491,0.0004359783,0.0490176,0.00009247362,0.0001051506,0.006417115,0.0001959977,0.6208878,0.3028304,0.00407216,0.01581351,0.0001044462],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4741755,0.0008879731,0.507937,0.0003432963,0.0002350682,0.0002710427,0.001119965,0.006527464,0.008502744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8251703,0.0003155006,0.1710513,0.00007839124,0.00005034163,0.0001028586,0.0005796526,0.00009966921,0.002551915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003307922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004691243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969394128","doi":"10.5267/j.ijdns.2019.1.001","title":"Man-in-the-middle-attack: Understanding in simple words","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Data and Network Science","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Samsung","keywords":"Man-in-the-middle attack; Computer security; Malware; Internet privacy; Computer science; Authentication (law); Protocol (science); Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Avijit Mallik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mhia Md. Zaglul Shahadat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jia-Chi Tsou","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1003283741522209,"gpt":0.3546814502843563,"spread":0.2543530761321354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005111471,0.001306308,0.001027221,0.004822096,0.004284529,0.01943817,0.002204716,0.006727981,0.004618825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01385727,0.0005592299,0.0004870127,0.0041788,0.02763422,0.04409491,0.005024968,0.008547349,0.002724985],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004611962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004316952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00414608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003058485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944249,0.003176639,0.0004432242,0.0006185185,0.0009525175,0.0003841069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9905108,0.006634227,0.0009181825,0.0005173612,0.001014963,0.0004045071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002657922,0.00001493427,0.0004332026,0.0005933554,0.000008432086,0.000278615,0.03037282,0.0002222819,0.0002270595,0.9336921,0.0176746,0.0164561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005840466,0.00002535667,0.0007075086,0.001877496,0.00001246344,0.0005866124,0.02621469,0.000718701,0.0002154963,0.4826813,0.4869231,0.00003135069],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02548679,0.2136967,0.116126,0.2898389,0.01235307,0.0002658706,0.0008032372,0.0004497101,0.3409797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.611556,0.2235645,0.04691552,0.05567385,0.0157264,0.0004755905,0.001102791,0.0008329054,0.04415253],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01943817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03346235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2853432192","doi":"10.1145/3213846.3213873","title":"Analyzing the analyzers: FlowDroid/IccTA, AmanDroid, and DroidSafe","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Rendering (computer graphics); Benchmark (surveying); Set (abstract data type); Static analysis; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Programming language","authors":[{"name":"Lina Qiu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yingying Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julia Rubin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007593334550513742,"gpt":0.2476467336094847,"spread":0.2400533990589709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003651845,0.002142243,0.0007896695,0.007351594,0.0008618154,0.001553363,0.001444131,0.0008685108,0.001980719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01537062,0.000661006,0.000989734,0.002939131,0.0008804321,0.002872204,0.001510183,0.001418877,0.0009544471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001173853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002466127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004984993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005321563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943238,0.0009810684,0.0006820945,0.001093614,0.002393167,0.0005263215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.983648,0.007823022,0.001683149,0.002799696,0.003667902,0.0003782068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002444363,0.0009566465,0.1273398,0.002685818,0.0009362338,0.001110128,0.002243127,0.01865331,0.06480634,0.01187415,0.05730475,0.7096453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004665685,0.002010505,0.1457659,0.0009956964,0.0009834896,0.003534332,0.001487303,0.3847943,0.3177778,0.01011527,0.1313452,0.0007237617],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6756948,0.004653341,0.1329766,0.000969703,0.0008540082,0.0009537873,0.01211106,0.1516088,0.02017797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8201308,0.0009225133,0.151251,0.000549781,0.0001562834,0.0007732891,0.01421999,0.007646297,0.004350069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007351594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01931304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2918664583","doi":"10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.02.022","title":"A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on artificial intelligence in penetration testing and vulnerability assessment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Electrical Engineering","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Vulnerability assessment; Vulnerability (computing); Computer science; Identification (biology); Pace; Risk analysis (engineering); Systematic review; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Computer security; Psychology; Business; Geography; MEDLINE; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Dean Richard McKinnel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tooska Dargahi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Dehghantanha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02530171119265665,"gpt":0.2914408260437499,"spread":0.2661391148510932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03808066,0.002872495,0.01631971,0.01296731,0.001135282,0.005047873,0.003032568,0.002943403,0.004321786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1165044,0.00185305,0.0323591,0.009267646,0.001953544,0.004152367,0.003804149,0.002746324,0.0003004886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005833508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01363656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0112856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03383728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9654149,0.01667447,0.01098256,0.002612873,0.003635622,0.0006795826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8950671,0.0850181,0.01239236,0.002345523,0.004457553,0.000719462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001179216,0.00007290547,0.002375376,0.7109259,0.2496414,0.0001268413,0.0004004338,0.0003829369,0.000291392,0.0003469813,0.000699717,0.03355705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008057197,0.00051798,0.003329386,0.1930749,0.7970999,0.0001626518,0.0002145301,0.0001892743,0.0001752365,0.0006155382,0.003761698,0.00005317943],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003216116,0.994122,0.0009241378,0.0003522949,0.0001930923,0.0006437279,0.000254816,0.00001701813,0.0002768759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.120611,0.8685919,0.005470345,0.002085724,0.000313032,0.002179832,0.0004138109,0.00003245981,0.0003018954],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03808066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2013921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023753091","doi":"10.5555/2486788.2486887","title":"Efficient construction of approximate call graphs for JavaScript IDE services","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; JavaScript; Call graph; Java; Scalability; Programming language; Static analysis; Field (mathematics); Theoretical computer science; Software engineering; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Asger Feldthaus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Max Schäfer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manu Sridharan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julian Dolby","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Tip","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006640940335495588,"gpt":0.2241680281055864,"spread":0.2175270877700908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009564717,0.001301395,0.000817941,0.003157018,0.001117395,0.002003806,0.001610982,0.001210365,0.003533082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01083357,0.0008096166,0.001749446,0.001663011,0.001242009,0.003140969,0.001759943,0.001677463,0.001690292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00209849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003386182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005948917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009760884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998273,0.0003667901,0.00009029314,0.0002584278,0.0007853158,0.0002261284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934353,0.003697089,0.0005446797,0.001293774,0.0008649303,0.0001642546],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000574488,0.0003677549,0.01350854,0.0008361283,0.0001230152,0.0007598465,0.001200477,0.2414505,0.0663159,0.09872682,0.02120139,0.5549353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003228803,0.00005725115,0.001352503,0.00005516932,0.00002931859,0.0001377499,0.0001449992,0.8923852,0.02035278,0.07931621,0.006099767,0.00003689924],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.05849445,0.0002027752,0.9173906,0.0003566357,0.00005037572,0.0002029325,0.0006853074,0.01930913,0.003307796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3607064,0.0002479042,0.6284323,0.000240189,0.0000567431,0.0002932198,0.002875742,0.004100283,0.003046977],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005948917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01522565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207050365","doi":"10.1016/j.cose.2021.102498","title":"A survey of remote attestation in Internet of Things: Attacks, countermeasures, and prospects","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Security","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council; China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Computer security; Adaptability; Adversarial system; Botnet; Protocol (science); Internet of Things; Service (business); The Internet; World Wide Web; Business","authors":[{"name":"Boyu Kuang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anmin Fu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Willy Susilo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shui Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yansong Gao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0173339538106198,"gpt":0.2688090880780141,"spread":0.2514751342673943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001666218,0.000649809,0.000793007,0.004568503,0.0006597592,0.001803457,0.0009169394,0.001194116,0.001813371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003922702,0.000397999,0.000687268,0.004226212,0.0006366197,0.004464824,0.0008836291,0.0009975187,0.0007616549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000607226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001158207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007557015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009446691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980324,0.0003084584,0.0002124274,0.0002697037,0.0009616627,0.0002153541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941117,0.003060066,0.001058233,0.0003495742,0.001147231,0.0002731103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001359475,0.0001910501,0.01369148,0.002853497,0.00006279912,0.0001567482,0.0001577163,0.002248276,0.004126756,0.007564712,0.00748512,0.9613258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004594394,0.002575238,0.07574996,0.007919236,0.0007839322,0.01009372,0.002038595,0.03834454,0.02877588,0.01820091,0.8152381,0.0002339861],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0706161,0.8776152,0.02271907,0.004183257,0.0007232078,0.0001468625,0.0003237508,0.0004399351,0.02323261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2873721,0.6883315,0.01431534,0.001936976,0.001014216,0.00008265563,0.0007406768,0.00007489837,0.006131582],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004568503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008811891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011698232","doi":"10.1145/1595676.1595691","title":"The developer is the enemy","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Adversary; Computer security; Software security assurance; Secure coding; Software; Security bug; Work (physics); Software engineering; World Wide Web; Information security; Engineering; Security service; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Glenn Wurster","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul C. van Oorschot","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01808814160179582,"gpt":0.2395307579151284,"spread":0.2214426163133326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006927532,0.000821027,0.0005058542,0.001543479,0.006951171,0.007864751,0.001165916,0.00606625,0.01185157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01827138,0.0005247867,0.0004178741,0.0005979685,0.0160931,0.01467855,0.007183541,0.008434732,0.005565128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00252591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004324842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002613974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002680644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933649,0.00298174,0.0002090743,0.001200561,0.001575443,0.0006682833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9838408,0.007464,0.00137612,0.001753841,0.003066297,0.00249909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003669836,0.00005151918,0.002865588,0.0001081796,0.00001756012,0.0006119481,0.008437723,0.0002332916,0.0004890643,0.8974881,0.06484143,0.02481887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003589626,0.0000937581,0.0009137389,0.0004285603,0.00002796878,0.002273218,0.01248682,0.002047579,0.001041787,0.4079534,0.5726423,0.00005490224],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.02681415,0.003404085,0.1073668,0.5722128,0.005056822,0.0001262125,0.00005726003,0.0005042803,0.2844577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6494535,0.003567968,0.0262044,0.1186903,0.00168478,0.0002296707,0.00006246089,0.0004274574,0.1996795],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01185157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03964746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984043601","doi":"10.1145/2808117.2808120","title":"PrivacyGuard","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Yihang Song","is_ca":true},{"name":"Urs Hengartner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04167709607087117,"gpt":0.2788315800350519,"spread":0.2371544839641808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004276555,0.0009683564,0.0008184376,0.001313053,0.001659679,0.004452853,0.002199057,0.002538234,0.0610477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0192385,0.0009329457,0.001059063,0.0008997935,0.001568898,0.007917405,0.005910363,0.003889524,0.03903366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009365781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002872503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00105627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006236278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9927363,0.001351924,0.000750677,0.001209173,0.002968136,0.000983739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9838232,0.003608698,0.0007647024,0.008457855,0.002856148,0.0004894743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001591087,0.0002890726,0.006549249,0.001102559,0.0001339705,0.001535352,0.002226992,0.002725479,0.01586249,0.2456857,0.3437872,0.3785109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008489389,0.0001402399,0.001371502,0.0002326133,0.0000627997,0.001856327,0.0002793602,0.008280467,0.03180902,0.05639064,0.8993946,0.00009746219],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"software","genre_scores_codex":[0.02492138,0.002382042,0.4769569,0.007115161,0.002053558,0.002065693,0.01191413,0.1350417,0.3375494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5166757,0.002406609,0.1151338,0.007867002,0.001006895,0.001802148,0.01697505,0.01863213,0.3195007],"genre_candidate":"software","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0610477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2042249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2241404614","doi":"10.1109/ase.2015.69","title":"Static Analysis of Implicit Control Flow: Resolving Java Reflection and Android Intents (T)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Java; Computer science; Static analysis; Android (operating system); Control flow analysis; Control flow; Reflection (computer programming); Operating system; Programming language; Programming paradigm","authors":[{"name":"Paulo Barros","is_ca":false},{"name":"René Just","is_ca":false},{"name":"Suzanne Millstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Vines","is_ca":false},{"name":"Werner Dietl","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marcelo d’Amorim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael D. Ernst","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02347753104785021,"gpt":0.2970837404913488,"spread":0.2736062094434986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003029668,0.001136374,0.0006326965,0.002415789,0.0009977268,0.00148803,0.001026051,0.0007179138,0.001639154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02009705,0.0006657293,0.00157696,0.0009086161,0.001856017,0.002565473,0.001803686,0.001492825,0.0003893542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008367287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002684914,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006107424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00591119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995442,0.001042111,0.0002958738,0.0007129778,0.001918282,0.0005888112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9801394,0.01056869,0.002260035,0.003869908,0.002994657,0.0001673415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008423902,0.0004362817,0.1157478,0.001079778,0.0003003924,0.002144538,0.005264502,0.09370336,0.1347173,0.05356047,0.006174498,0.5860288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009866601,0.0004526255,0.02746235,0.0002586903,0.0003595263,0.001111357,0.0009084145,0.7254337,0.189169,0.04315495,0.01139158,0.0001990532],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2604053,0.0002786773,0.7236573,0.0003506197,0.00008097544,0.0002132263,0.0003052233,0.009880548,0.00482822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8326614,0.0001053629,0.1639783,0.0001352338,0.00003853983,0.0001113931,0.0003345738,0.001008403,0.001626902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006107424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01602262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084585486","doi":"10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.210","title":"Feature evaluation for web crawler detection with data mining techniques","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems with Applications","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Web crawler; Denial-of-service attack; Session (web analytics); Web server; Precision and recall; The Internet; Web mining; Data mining; World Wide Web; Web page; Information retrieval","authors":[{"name":"Dusan Stevanovic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aijun An","is_ca":true},{"name":"Natalija Vlajic","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04390771811223085,"gpt":0.3336468362735624,"spread":0.2897391181613316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002437514,0.0009852744,0.001301826,0.005685112,0.0005371025,0.001199261,0.0008081279,0.0008152894,0.0009972811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009734444,0.0002236593,0.001021301,0.00275546,0.0002137379,0.00128493,0.0005511632,0.0005117201,0.0004836888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005768041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007257419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002998595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00373355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976777,0.0004503905,0.0003129368,0.0003044136,0.001060368,0.0001941764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9921811,0.003845051,0.0005831404,0.0007224023,0.00245385,0.0002144622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001296878,0.001032677,0.0733178,0.0004995628,0.0004026423,0.0002829072,0.000108372,0.02691959,0.04886375,0.0008000787,0.005706525,0.8407692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007154684,0.000898178,0.04436389,0.00004375715,0.0002857295,0.0006158128,0.0001182056,0.894799,0.0553325,0.001195611,0.002229584,0.00004626002],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7490863,0.001688738,0.2374235,0.0002010862,0.0001227758,0.0003400467,0.00237711,0.006436517,0.002323985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8637454,0.0002773387,0.1309259,0.00003120182,0.00004659875,0.0001709392,0.003327265,0.0001424961,0.001332769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005685112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01289099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3183350623","doi":"10.1145/3453153","title":"A Survey on Windows-based Ransomware Taxonomy and Detection Mechanisms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Malware; Computer science; Computer security; Ransom; Software deployment; Cryptocurrency; Malware analysis; Payment; Battle; Evasion (ethics); World Wide Web; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Routa Moussaileb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nora Cuppens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Louis Lanet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hélène Le Bouder","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08901242477938759,"gpt":0.3279953454396756,"spread":0.238982920660288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001992302,0.001729754,0.001213219,0.01195164,0.0008268869,0.002283115,0.001779704,0.001678135,0.004430841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009357159,0.0008797248,0.001119935,0.007090326,0.0008718615,0.005859825,0.001094422,0.001382776,0.003402989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009888343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002475171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00233923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002536813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976333,0.0003542639,0.0002936998,0.0003619392,0.001172374,0.0001842662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912245,0.005768674,0.000938105,0.0003025768,0.001603308,0.0001628595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006352635,0.00007938864,0.003152166,0.01199951,0.00005107227,0.0001507857,0.0005133734,0.0007227518,0.001666093,0.01002254,0.01773137,0.9538475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001603903,0.0003682295,0.008882834,0.01989829,0.000274743,0.00410225,0.0011459,0.003295631,0.005537346,0.01080722,0.9455178,0.0001538545],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005968818,0.963416,0.01317725,0.001100598,0.0005419057,0.0001543732,0.0003534269,0.0003175141,0.01497008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02590882,0.9466804,0.01892537,0.0009726768,0.0005342471,0.0001840152,0.001138651,0.00009963982,0.005556061],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01195164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0148226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2738263528","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-64701-2_14","title":"DNA-Droid: A Real-Time Android Ransomware Detection Framework","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Malware; Android (operating system); False positive paradox; Mobile malware; Computer security; Artificial intelligence; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Amirhossein Gharib","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali A. Ghorbani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01080483484372049,"gpt":0.2564458826776019,"spread":0.2456410478338814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004472796,0.001459472,0.001223908,0.001430204,0.0004377703,0.0009769785,0.001959366,0.001385043,0.01179278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001306069,0.0008542902,0.0007281372,0.0003800151,0.0003394823,0.001281706,0.001794783,0.00120033,0.00827202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003376342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005514454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001341308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002314876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993401,0.00005361635,0.00003033247,0.0001237944,0.0003690521,0.00008303059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996645,0.00008886511,0.00004179647,0.00007692629,0.00008926738,0.00003859942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007609265,0.0002178971,0.002180641,0.0004923997,0.0001700173,0.0005381339,0.0002741159,0.01113585,0.1285424,0.009211102,0.06107692,0.7853997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000164509,0.0005356243,0.002576453,0.0001791847,0.0001177305,0.002138043,0.0001123797,0.714871,0.17119,0.008074025,0.09974028,0.0003006961],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01908983,0.00162346,0.8064362,0.0001640298,0.0004397995,0.0003885795,0.0008233159,0.1623617,0.00867304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.230941,0.0009951947,0.7288115,0.0007306573,0.0001799158,0.0004674405,0.003411849,0.006839436,0.02762303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01179278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03945076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900044545","doi":"10.1145/3290361","title":"Context-, flow-, and field-sensitive data-flow analysis using synchronized Pushdown systems","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Heinz Nixdorf Stiftung","keywords":"Reachability; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Path (computing); Flow (mathematics); Sensitivity (control systems); Decidability; Undecidable problem; Theoretical computer science; Set (abstract data type); Field (mathematics); Algorithm; Mathematics; Programming language; Pure mathematics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Johannes Späth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karim Ali","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Bodden","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01762344739751871,"gpt":0.2833335576704017,"spread":0.265710110272883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003969205,0.001940013,0.001097362,0.002068304,0.001164535,0.003564104,0.002098191,0.001010199,0.003529875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01725411,0.001371218,0.00344129,0.001408003,0.002879447,0.007178044,0.004843171,0.002921807,0.000637402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00264466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004900813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008296489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006728485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9924549,0.00211049,0.0006592619,0.001658421,0.002427089,0.0006898392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9856012,0.00795369,0.001194366,0.003273432,0.00164138,0.0003359159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008860754,0.0003341471,0.01386208,0.001179306,0.0004205107,0.0005885449,0.001499653,0.5016466,0.05835079,0.1904013,0.004139918,0.226691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007677417,0.0001203555,0.0006359208,0.00006938953,0.0001036092,0.00009633267,0.0001205474,0.8322768,0.03223432,0.1290997,0.005094252,0.00007205845],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02934791,0.0001335525,0.9625984,0.0001509352,0.00003843625,0.000122868,0.0002312401,0.006345047,0.001031697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4694161,0.0002746418,0.5253914,0.0002401558,0.0000549334,0.0004216304,0.000935503,0.001629902,0.001635601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008296489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02099144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360602064","doi":"10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.03.001","title":"Android malware classification using optimum feature selection and ensemble machine learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Malware; Computer science; Random forest; Machine learning; Support vector machine; Ensemble learning; Majority rule; Artificial intelligence; Feature selection; Android (operating system); Android malware; Perceptron; Decision tree; Classifier (UML); Data mining; Artificial neural network; Computer security; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Rejwana Islam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moinul Islam Sayed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sajal Saha","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Jamal Hossain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Md Abdul Masud","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01787337049937917,"gpt":0.2627943389079765,"spread":0.2449209684085974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001868607,0.001409293,0.002203128,0.002902693,0.0006260524,0.0009029972,0.001217784,0.001136496,0.0006528501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003991154,0.0003601939,0.001789737,0.001456101,0.0003364458,0.001052945,0.000847949,0.001142771,0.0005167991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004840507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008255073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005095746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003908444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986487,0.0002942767,0.0001195529,0.0003483084,0.0003605141,0.0002286862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980317,0.0008212344,0.0001457484,0.0002037602,0.0007086427,0.00008893843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006256533,0.0005641086,0.01729288,0.00009809481,0.00032171,0.0004022341,0.0001625739,0.2722784,0.008039751,0.0008305389,0.005593465,0.6937905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009123849,0.00006907325,0.001353643,0.000006178682,0.00002213422,0.00004441619,0.000019482,0.9961891,0.00141297,0.000524462,0.0003388916,0.0000105357],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3753473,0.002383821,0.6144565,0.0005609015,0.0002943851,0.0002323889,0.0008700048,0.004077037,0.001777723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8827981,0.0003349277,0.1123529,0.000163436,0.0001610184,0.0001761826,0.002304568,0.0000763298,0.001632602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005095746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01013219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360948905","doi":"10.1007/s10664-022-10278-4","title":"Empirical analysis of security vulnerabilities in Python packages","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Empirical Software Engineering","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Python (programming language); Computer science; Secure coding; Software security assurance; Software engineering; Security bug; Vulnerability management; Software; Software development; Software bug; Computer security; Ecosystem; Reusability; Programming language; Vulnerability assessment; Information security; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Mahmoud Alfadel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diego Elias Costa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emad Shihab","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02247784916848785,"gpt":0.3112819751728626,"spread":0.2888041260043748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004173458,0.0003686244,0.0001700168,0.002217725,0.0005300367,0.0006799774,0.0007565536,0.000565602,0.00207358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0634051,0.0002482753,0.0003579941,0.002041621,0.00152802,0.001942544,0.0009165643,0.001416258,0.0003513661],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006971383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001007424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003588099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004568242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974871,0.00111352,0.0001499231,0.0003108634,0.000710826,0.0002277676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.867721,0.1024004,0.01676905,0.005582651,0.006508834,0.001018074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002219962,0.0009250722,0.9620502,0.0001186922,0.0001335135,0.0002008156,0.001667568,0.005037384,0.001242592,0.00520255,0.001074512,0.02212523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003390042,0.0004004063,0.9355282,0.0001065809,0.000133062,0.0009597364,0.002161467,0.05015512,0.003132174,0.005413592,0.001945111,0.00003073131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980035,0.00005434154,0.001077995,0.00007978965,0.000001379235,0.000009279566,0.0001359456,0.0000202346,0.000617333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990043,0.00003494369,0.0005206909,0.00001484686,0.000003061503,0.000008415847,0.0001798662,0.000009450981,0.0002243703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004173458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0220716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973035781","doi":"10.1109/tse.2019.2948910","title":"CrySL: An Extensible Approach to Validating the Correct Usage of Cryptographic APIs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Heinz Nixdorf Stiftung","keywords":"Computer science; Cryptography; Java; Android (operating system); Programming language; Algorithm; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Krüger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Späth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karim Ali","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Bodden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mira Mezini","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01148536240532984,"gpt":0.22432560316352,"spread":0.2128402407581902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04197494,0.003852508,0.001393404,0.005903005,0.002013648,0.007625946,0.00800713,0.00415478,0.012849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08394594,0.005479329,0.004593388,0.001583529,0.004893726,0.01620341,0.01135615,0.00818227,0.007253803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003038528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008323564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01115445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009703412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9634129,0.00990898,0.009001705,0.003850578,0.01217076,0.001655091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9016521,0.03432692,0.009582249,0.03533923,0.0174686,0.00163089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002618601,0.002140011,0.04686948,0.004733159,0.0008592127,0.004393922,0.009973049,0.07285585,0.09737901,0.2343703,0.1094718,0.4143357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004632242,0.0009986287,0.004801158,0.001781942,0.0003777583,0.002322259,0.00157238,0.3880098,0.2085498,0.05972672,0.3303967,0.0009997173],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00701,0.00007452381,0.8522356,0.0003778388,0.0001865308,0.001378907,0.001810788,0.133322,0.003603878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08874052,0.0003526112,0.8618627,0.001098339,0.0001263146,0.001617377,0.008511724,0.02925565,0.008434723],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04197494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2219874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296105182","doi":"10.3390/s22186766","title":"Explainable Malware Detection System Using Transformers-Based Transfer Learning and Multi-Model Visual Representation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Malware; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Encoder; Android (operating system); Transfer of learning; Pattern recognition (psychology); Data mining","authors":[{"name":"Farhan Ullah","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amjad Alsirhani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammed Mujib Alshahrani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdullah Alomari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hamad Naeem","is_ca":false},{"name":"Syed Aziz Shah","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02455415237552018,"gpt":0.295160512104081,"spread":0.2706063597285608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003297573,0.0006991676,0.000425609,0.0008312596,0.0002378697,0.0005692917,0.000744716,0.0004655262,0.0017314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001158537,0.0002058148,0.0007032614,0.0003644724,0.0002673734,0.001209535,0.0008142805,0.0006972515,0.0005526451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006882961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005375883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005064069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00412332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997861,0.00002208266,0.000009994326,0.00007587648,0.00006673297,0.00003917257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997488,0.00006934314,0.00003355903,0.00004556086,0.00008653563,0.0000162194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003845918,0.0002809531,0.003499995,0.00007741742,0.00007868811,0.00026281,0.0001391185,0.1678437,0.03731713,0.003631985,0.003308115,0.7831754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005554023,0.0000507835,0.0006420111,0.000002988699,0.00001045584,0.00004303557,0.00001479609,0.9890478,0.008404311,0.001288541,0.0004805688,0.00000921141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1261588,0.0002397858,0.8605824,0.000232655,0.00007061385,0.0001745291,0.0002690288,0.009539214,0.00273306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8641399,0.0001896391,0.1304503,0.0001335203,0.00003077749,0.0001500053,0.0006988703,0.0001394263,0.00406751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005064069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01006919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}