{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":746,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":746,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"18510ed790cd","filters":{"topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies"}},"results":[{"id":"W2100965353","doi":"10.1109/tie.2004.825282","title":"A Magnitude/Phase-Locked Loop System Based on Estimation of Frequency and In-Phase/Quadrature-Phase Amplitudes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":208,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; Control theory (sociology); PLL multibit; Robustness (evolution); Quadrature (astronomy); Phase noise; Electronic engineering; Amplitude; Frequency modulation; Computer science; Engineering; Bandwidth (computing); Physics; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Houshang Karimi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Reza Iravani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02178274589004404,"gpt":0.2814964414128794,"spread":0.2597136955228354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001445407,0.0002758555,0.0003442951,0.0004131133,0.00009760196,0.00002943876,0.0001553728,0.0003570995,0.00001262659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002191288,0.0002801225,0.00006546138,0.0005659836,0.00007976018,0.0001682389,9.441428e-7,0.0008227356,0.000003968699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006115277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001418796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001715277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004169613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986087,0.00002818102,0.0004802209,0.0002684029,0.0002339619,0.0003805372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999434,0.00009029488,0.00008443101,0.00029812,0.00003588106,0.000057286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005155913,0.001116123,0.00000151243,0.0001032213,0.00006823115,0.0000143771,0.00005086587,0.8984528,0.01233373,0.001838521,0.00001309948,0.08549199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.05202828,0.007774844,0.000003368351,0.001091589,0.0002397495,0.00002481904,0.0003293341,0.2976534,0.636916,0.002645885,0.0003164935,0.0009763098],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3508256,0.0001858183,0.6474103,0.00005953051,0.0003584405,0.0005229247,0.00009321166,0.0004263371,0.0001178677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976573,0.00007314517,0.002056385,0.00001353396,0.00002790919,0.000110331,0.00001706675,0.00003582941,0.000008500459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6468317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164964876","doi":"10.1109/tcsii.2010.2043382","title":"A Brief Introduction to Time-to-Digital and Digital-to-Time Converters","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Converters; Field-programmable gate array; Electronic engineering; Robustness (evolution); Digital signal processing; Computer science; Time-to-digital converter; Electronic circuit; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Voltage; Computer hardware; Clock signal","authors":[{"name":"Gordon W. Roberts","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Ali-Bakhshian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005173164751363025,"gpt":0.191370219746058,"spread":0.1861970549946949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008769258,0.0003763181,0.00040079,0.0003916882,0.0002376054,0.0003682502,0.0003295062,0.0001915854,0.0001235599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003040581,0.0004051691,0.0000716283,0.0004415863,0.00007771786,0.0007696328,0.00001106735,0.0003841192,0.0013342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009744229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001714434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001519968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002563577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981581,0.00001104564,0.0004188884,0.0006078999,0.0003099692,0.0004941203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988174,0.00005950544,0.00004121826,0.000685556,0.00008402884,0.0003122347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006242633,0.0002221401,0.00001435585,0.0001803904,0.0002692632,0.00001275841,0.001440239,0.09935289,0.5346052,0.00009664355,0.04144604,0.3222976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008932909,0.0007150435,0.0000440265,0.0002935139,0.00006006408,0.0001922059,0.0003460666,0.006690876,0.09158232,0.00005316504,0.8976231,0.001506285],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1980462,0.0000405989,0.7898833,0.0006095812,0.003754561,0.001604195,0.0007661861,0.002688298,0.002607157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917969,0.000005115785,0.0002099677,0.0001032722,0.0003334052,0.0002822324,0.000009820803,0.00009289502,0.007166422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8561771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158959564","doi":"10.1109/tvlsi.2003.810787","title":"A digitally programmable delay element: design and analysis","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Delay calculation; Group delay and phase delay; Elmore delay; Delay-locked loop; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Propagation delay; Digital delay line; Electronic circuit; Static timing analysis; Delay line oscillator; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Digital signal processing; Digital signal; Telecommunications; Phase-locked loop; Control (management)","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Maymandi‐Nejad","is_ca":true},{"name":"Manoj Sachdev","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01251244688518255,"gpt":0.2259897415152469,"spread":0.2134772946300644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002874028,0.0002710735,0.0003194159,0.0003990229,0.0002122989,0.0001832524,0.0001224933,0.0001565656,0.00004786517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008450117,0.0002414315,0.0001258048,0.0007998784,0.00004889865,0.0004569827,9.958108e-7,0.0002464277,0.00003073796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001431059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001656809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001051727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007711173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998566,0.00007271043,0.0004333182,0.0003140349,0.0002462491,0.0003677325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938,0.0000701387,0.00006007245,0.0003306712,0.00008079899,0.0000783292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003378388,0.0002698556,0.0001836887,0.00008748646,0.001024419,0.000009120276,0.0003943233,0.9711168,0.001490174,0.001065107,0.000332872,0.02399236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001216814,0.000403905,0.000041954,0.0001678435,0.0006896083,0.00004320667,0.003074315,0.898975,0.06816996,0.0003666552,0.02595359,0.0008971713],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01080405,0.0003473234,0.9856802,0.00001057874,0.0006213541,0.0005971813,0.00007173591,0.000763119,0.001104427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907349,0.0002048717,0.007581547,0.00001267415,0.00001347195,0.0003983798,0.00001702279,0.00003336766,0.001003748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9799309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9845291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102674458","doi":"10.1109/tns.2007.903183","title":"A Fine Resolution TDC Architecture for Next Generation PET Imaging","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Effective number of bits; CMOS; Least significant bit; Time-to-digital converter; Electronic engineering; Differential nonlinearity; Calibration; Linearity; Computer science; Physics; Engineering; Jitter; Clock signal","authors":[{"name":"Abdel Yousif","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.W. Haslett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02519058125555801,"gpt":0.2576902721773037,"spread":0.2324996909217457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002203421,0.00009453706,0.00006276811,0.0002264994,0.0003872575,0.00005591653,0.0001988045,0.00002388098,0.0000198698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001052114,0.00009168639,0.00003453915,0.0004000905,0.0001848799,0.0003331702,0.000001380541,0.0001480892,0.00001619173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001088795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001034371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002696719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003410061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992253,0.000002577674,0.0001243286,0.0001977188,0.0001645936,0.0002854416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999687,0.00002546946,0.00001674385,0.0001924927,0.00003746058,0.00004088528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001472885,0.00002444301,9.705141e-7,0.00001045939,0.000003880365,0.000002214287,0.0001359287,0.4683439,0.2275156,0.0002101623,0.0002548193,0.3034828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000224989,0.00007249653,0.00004597467,0.00001788911,0.00000831683,0.00002437921,0.0001436619,0.9153038,0.07545677,0.0002227601,0.008298102,0.0001808095],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1316507,0.00002267134,0.866608,0.0001593804,0.0006602473,0.0001428534,0.000008107269,0.0004985454,0.0002495234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9485366,0.00001700661,0.05126945,0.00005366443,0.00004336266,0.00001000583,3.006873e-7,0.00001655497,0.00005301081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.816886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3738863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171277643","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2002.808235","title":"A method to derive an equation for the oscillation frequency of a ring oscillator","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Oscillation (cell signaling); Ring oscillator; Mathematics; Ring (chemistry); Topology (electrical circuits); Characteristic equation; Mathematical analysis; Delay line oscillator; Control theory (sociology); Voltage-controlled oscillator; Physics; Differential equation; Computer science; Voltage; Quantum mechanics; Control (management)","authors":[{"name":"S. Docking","is_ca":true},{"name":"Manoj Sachdev","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03664010335656036,"gpt":0.2921161700906155,"spread":0.2554760667340551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004114531,0.0001060593,0.0001220273,0.00007539128,0.00032415,0.00003405515,0.00006209125,0.00005250756,0.00000556204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004670784,0.00008477161,0.00002621047,0.0001478018,0.00005417502,0.0001083193,7.550744e-7,0.00006393225,0.000001177445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003405544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006427798,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006151541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004171389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993938,0.00005246354,0.0002023697,0.0001667699,0.00007209327,0.0001124861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993728,0.0003462906,0.00003945904,0.0001677085,0.00002949756,0.00004423185],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001109746,0.00006569074,0.00004129341,0.0001441019,0.0001030785,5.914009e-8,0.0008652866,0.08928313,0.04917374,0.6534882,0.000003174739,0.2068211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004607779,0.002017288,0.00107118,0.0006248595,0.0009330407,0.000167246,0.06596893,0.2012197,0.2912053,0.3774823,0.05198848,0.002713934],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02139612,0.000364928,0.9764946,0.00001060766,0.0001126946,0.001049294,0.00009850219,0.00009475495,0.0003785497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952053,0.00006813041,0.003600309,0.00001673617,0.00001777049,0.00102717,0.000002031862,0.00001419229,0.00004838749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9738091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3456886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113001378","doi":"10.1109/mwscas.2001.986202","title":"A new phase-locked loop (PLL) system","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; PLL multibit; Robustness (evolution); Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Realization (probability); Electronic engineering; Loop (graph theory); Amplitude; Phase noise; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Reza Iravani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02000346347757051,"gpt":0.2263507136477444,"spread":0.2063472501701739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001075171,0.00009628894,0.0001010785,0.00004695591,0.00002600334,0.00001326662,0.0001355242,0.00005275623,0.0006799782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006238324,0.00008147115,0.00002349391,0.0001236684,0.0000110622,0.0000810636,0.00002430037,0.00007174307,0.0004988452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004541493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001147498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004907934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002092814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995388,0.000001767546,0.000117074,0.00009248953,0.00007279356,0.0001771167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997377,0.000009873386,0.000009285008,0.0001992189,0.000006679607,0.00003721915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003474678,0.00004893356,0.0000824575,0.0001339708,0.00008451052,0.00003125706,0.0001086723,0.002143056,0.005001665,0.02221633,0.1865924,0.7835532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00329767,0.0002054215,0.00001698643,0.0001253903,0.00003956577,0.00005106486,0.001448166,0.4183978,0.07529777,0.0008952415,0.4993916,0.0008333305],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04157508,0.002557817,0.609529,0.0001690586,0.0009680304,0.0002638245,0.000005786014,0.01145785,0.3334736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9696051,0.0001323763,0.01485672,0.00002132273,0.0000653348,0.00001142585,0.000001251261,0.00002115205,0.01528534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7445285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099361479","doi":"10.1109/tim.2011.2172999","title":"Derivation and Design of In-Loop Filters in Phase-Locked Loop Systems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; Control theory (sociology); Harmonics; PLL multibit; Loop (graph theory); Transfer function; Delay-locked loop; Electronic engineering; Filter (signal processing); Noise (video); Stationary Reference Frame; Computer science; Phase noise; Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Ali Khajehoddin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Praveen Jain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alireza Bakhshai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09137532815439882,"gpt":0.2597303892565359,"spread":0.1683550611021371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001550051,0.00009709365,0.00011949,0.0002403791,0.00002631623,0.000007595701,0.00003458113,0.00004582745,0.00001056006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002799699,0.00009980141,0.000009691785,0.0001445382,0.00003771595,0.0001539602,5.402219e-7,0.00007794178,7.035449e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009958514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000800436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000424554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003561675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993523,0.00002202191,0.0002642659,0.0001121906,0.0001453372,0.0001039103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998353,0.00001068847,0.00003545261,0.00007308865,0.00002402666,0.00002143588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000394775,0.0007534389,0.001853754,0.0004622964,0.0001451404,0.00000467279,0.004256741,0.1267406,0.2235788,0.0003603316,0.0000304198,0.641419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008204163,0.0007357991,0.003811601,0.0005144252,0.00005113774,0.000007378021,0.006275578,0.08117356,0.8984315,0.0003154064,0.0000551745,0.000424274],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4929019,0.00008520851,0.5063551,0.000007662557,0.0002041792,0.0003091049,0.000003614883,0.00005097818,0.00008224882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973177,0.0004519787,0.002097168,0.000008763272,0.00000187059,0.0001052387,9.320685e-7,0.00000848341,0.000007878324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6748527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4069784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2219472191","doi":"10.1109/ted.2015.2503718","title":"Recent Developments and Design Challenges of High-Performance Ring Oscillator CMOS Time-to-Digital Converters","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; FedDev Ontario; Canada Foundation for Innovation; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"CMOS; Electronic engineering; Ring oscillator; Converters; Computer science; Noise (video); Phase noise; Time-to-digital converter; Dynamic range; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Jitter; Voltage; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Cheng Zeng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaoqing Zheng","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Jamal Deen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hao Peng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02350547789907072,"gpt":0.2225759626234851,"spread":0.1990704847244143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007468221,0.0001605006,0.000174283,0.0001463306,0.00004663134,0.00001760698,0.000125268,0.00006366038,0.00001124637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003369293,0.0001541449,0.00001258547,0.0001638955,0.00003418163,0.0002800989,0.000001924463,0.0001192247,0.00006021874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001058995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002381879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001088118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003507918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992367,0.00000805228,0.0001779306,0.0001723873,0.0001545265,0.0002503952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996958,0.00003379973,0.00002898327,0.0001291572,0.00004256736,0.00006966712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009034284,0.00005841635,0.00004042272,0.00008682359,0.0001639272,0.000001163391,0.0003390152,0.1084721,0.003025406,0.00002030668,0.0001046937,0.8875973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001134129,0.001061076,0.0004715364,0.0001996261,0.00004467445,0.00001564162,0.0003511931,0.02376821,0.9579862,0.0001604782,0.01414121,0.0006660764],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8026789,0.001711342,0.1930163,0.0001561573,0.0003118507,0.0003812125,0.00001200046,0.0006780212,0.0010542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948015,0.002318118,0.002696311,0.00001960216,0.000007153123,0.00003716557,7.317618e-7,0.00002265058,0.00009673414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9549608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6285849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2585026918","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2016.2647698","title":"A 28-GHz Quadrature Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for 5G Transceivers With Less Than 100-fs Jitter Based on Cascaded PLL Architecture","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Samsung; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; PLL multibit; Phase noise; Jitter; Electronic engineering; CMOS; dBc; Quadrature (astronomy); Frequency synthesizer; Transceiver; Physics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Waleed El-Halwagy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amlan Nag","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip Hisayasu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Farshid Aryanfar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pedram Mousavi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Masum Hossain","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01283329424077095,"gpt":0.2441681670631476,"spread":0.2313348728223766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001985062,0.0003677587,0.0002776843,0.0002233733,0.0006038081,0.00008495404,0.0003047229,0.000310096,0.00003002112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001068232,0.0002914841,0.0001299577,0.00006621332,0.0003377073,0.0002120352,7.085529e-7,0.0006329661,0.000002125856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006395301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001851636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008946335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000554894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989741,0.00004648903,0.0001751291,0.0003657544,0.000134675,0.0003038591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989752,0.0002884831,0.00007188969,0.0005657141,0.00004298563,0.00005575225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002847973,0.0003854195,0.00003785772,0.0004696887,0.0004946612,0.00004671033,0.000573837,0.009741347,0.793053,0.007902552,0.0003452296,0.1841018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005165028,0.0004032202,0.00003365531,0.000324045,0.00009213758,0.00002304866,0.0001374238,0.00007524731,0.9749539,0.02126005,0.001757216,0.0004235057],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08032708,0.0000631341,0.9147171,0.0004735811,0.0001590913,0.000665361,0.0001591412,0.001037086,0.002398463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986387,0.0001272628,0.01251697,0.0001980382,0.00004265071,0.0003348344,0.00000544215,0.00006852578,0.0003193263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9060599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979486444","doi":"10.1109/isscc.2010.5433972","title":"A 40GS/s 6b ADC in 65nm CMOS","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Effective number of bits; CMOS; Successive approximation ADC; Offset (computer science); Electronic engineering; Chip; Converters; Low-power electronics; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Engineering; Power consumption; Voltage; Capacitor; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Yuriy Greshishchev","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeorge Aguirre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marinette Besson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert Gibbins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Falt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip Flemke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Naim Ben‐Hamida","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Pollex","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Schvan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shing-Chi Wang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00285756631303517,"gpt":0.19523387920958,"spread":0.1923763128965448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002713639,0.00006010869,0.00005911684,0.00005128642,0.000009825069,0.000006382454,0.0001138955,0.00006195363,0.0002991935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000218282,0.00005103823,0.0000107801,0.00009273654,0.00002093009,0.00007348228,0.00003099296,0.0001928997,0.00009925169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000901658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001891014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006902153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001506368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999683,8.5251e-7,0.00007791204,0.00006793848,0.0000336339,0.0001366581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998101,0.0000117408,0.000004368806,0.0001564525,0.000004264738,0.00001305926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001111808,0.0001449312,0.04140032,0.0001088128,0.0000522104,0.00004730317,0.000388387,0.01333112,0.1396593,0.1285529,0.02130617,0.6549975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001214568,0.00007439726,0.01619454,0.00003889645,0.000007714701,0.00001661878,0.0007153601,0.07476931,0.1286868,0.03592196,0.741448,0.0009118401],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8763255,0.0000752281,0.007562461,0.0001331597,0.0006591463,0.0001008933,0.000001732203,0.001558812,0.113583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888033,0.00001727683,0.01023677,0.00002981602,0.00002137894,0.00001620279,7.771126e-7,0.00000944475,0.0008650412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7201418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3275959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151659230","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2010.2076591","title":"A 2.1-to-2.8-GHz Low-Phase-Noise All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer With a Time-Windowed Time-to-Digital Converter","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"TDC Research","keywords":"Time-to-digital converter; Phase noise; Electronic engineering; Vernier scale; CMOS; Phase-locked loop; Chip; Electrical engineering; Frequency synthesizer; Bandwidth (computing); Computer science; Engineering; Jitter; Physics; Telecommunications; Optics; Clock signal","authors":[{"name":"Takashi Tokairin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mitsuji Okada","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masaki Kitsunezuka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tadashi Maeda","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Fukaishi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008128948042326991,"gpt":0.236324029248052,"spread":0.228195081205725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001760675,0.0004616681,0.0006337535,0.0004453716,0.00006874404,0.000253727,0.0007127777,0.0001645836,0.0002883721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001751184,0.0003791754,0.0001538905,0.0003567863,0.0001379281,0.001259549,0.00004940237,0.0007424837,0.001909014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001198913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008733169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.131937e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001017131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976631,0.00001117149,0.0007695687,0.0003057886,0.0005335057,0.0007168774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984492,0.0001313243,0.0002276731,0.0004504532,0.0002897571,0.0004515629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002502565,0.0006201388,0.0004804547,0.0001304436,0.001344733,0.001318436,0.001417165,0.01249692,0.8016882,0.00001316841,0.01596433,0.1642757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02590405,0.01015581,0.002032209,0.004027533,0.000898874,0.00758264,0.0009477002,0.02300693,0.7650132,0.008533281,0.1425551,0.00934267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9788313,0.0000581804,0.01532294,0.0001652647,0.0005983319,0.0004495336,0.0002858694,0.0004126066,0.003875958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976202,0.00001552841,0.0006740504,0.0002131626,0.0002355706,0.00001676353,0.000006819431,0.0001230415,0.001094909],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1549331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168901237","doi":"10.1109/mdt.2004.34","title":"Jitter models for the design and test of Gbps-speed serial interconnects","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Design & Test of Computers","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Jitter; Bit error rate; Computer science; Gigabit; Serial communication; Noise (video); Electronic engineering; Computer hardware; Engineering; Telecommunications; Decoding methods","authors":[{"name":"Ning Ou","is_ca":true},{"name":"T. Farahmand","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Kuo","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Tabatabaei","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Ivanov","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0395368072549954,"gpt":0.2375596827076595,"spread":0.1980228754526641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001621849,0.0001722359,0.0002435541,0.00007364114,0.00004117329,0.00001759799,0.0003085915,0.00007451891,0.000001082279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008518127,0.0001335143,0.00004785499,0.0001055176,0.0001458138,0.0001626731,0.00003653373,0.00008691329,8.637819e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003126623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001674341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003522491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.710147e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992693,0.00001094642,0.0002624848,0.0001521197,0.00009910289,0.0002060452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978027,0.001808345,0.00007112377,0.0002384195,0.00005392443,0.00002547608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003244029,0.00004325899,0.00001878069,0.00006796404,0.0000534294,0.000001661727,0.0002326127,0.9355201,0.05611262,0.0005059388,0.0008082888,0.006602878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001339333,0.0006612139,0.00005186147,0.0001663799,0.00004043424,0.000009048545,0.00006703746,0.5854621,0.3945849,0.01732259,0.00007826489,0.0002168677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02736656,0.0002174399,0.9710625,0.00009958624,0.0004726858,0.0005590977,0.00001110648,0.0001946585,0.0000163377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8070031,0.00008080302,0.1927747,0.00004122234,0.00004954207,0.00002256508,7.87331e-7,0.00002309323,0.000004147775],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7796366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5444555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100403807","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2014.2374176","title":"A 40 Gb/s Serial Link Transceiver in 28 nm CMOS Technology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"SerDes; Jitter; Transceiver; CMOS; Computer science; Phase-locked loop; Chip; Intersymbol interference; Serial communication; Clock recovery; Electronic engineering; Channel (broadcasting); Frequency offset; Bandwidth (computing); Computer hardware; Engineering; Telecommunications; Clock signal; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","authors":[{"name":"Reza Navid","is_ca":false},{"name":"E-Hung Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masum Hossain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian Leibowitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jihong Ren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuen-Huei Adam Chou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barry Daly","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marko Aleksic","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce Su","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Makarand Shirasgaonkar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fred Heaton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jared Zerbe","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.C. Eble","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01214572694136371,"gpt":0.2452682738253764,"spread":0.2331225468840127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003053024,0.0002315565,0.0004672452,0.0005913906,0.00004319323,0.00002056792,0.0004847764,0.0002386638,0.00002596137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000854329,0.0002160564,0.00009667997,0.0004239762,0.0001253521,0.0003094097,0.00001700532,0.000725904,0.0000291375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001246706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003111072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001392704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001225252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983885,0.00002469515,0.0007447794,0.0001562398,0.0002261601,0.0004596459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936,0.00004922896,0.0001811791,0.0002325225,0.0001030544,0.00007399598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008192446,0.0001342731,0.002014984,0.000201886,0.0002414345,0.000336278,0.00114692,0.1372939,0.3031096,0.0004563864,0.001323996,0.5536584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01432987,0.002188199,0.006650691,0.001716387,0.0002112648,0.001367405,0.001227387,0.02457708,0.7130035,0.1109535,0.1211929,0.002581849],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9518617,0.0004850439,0.04337066,0.0004612294,0.002324732,0.000167857,0.00002008275,0.0003373066,0.000971333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980005,0.000838689,0.0006670933,0.00005044114,0.0003156227,0.000007085306,7.184038e-7,0.00004352689,0.00007631528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5510765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8810526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2290610940","doi":"10.1109/tbcas.2015.2434957","title":"A Low-Power Gateable Vernier Ring Oscillator Time-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Imaging Applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Vernier scale; Ring oscillator; Integral nonlinearity; Time-to-digital converter; Differential nonlinearity; Ring (chemistry); CMOS; Chip; Power (physics); Resolution (logic); Calibration; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Physics; Electronic circuit; Voltage; Engineering; Optics; Converters; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Cheng Zeng","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Jamal Deen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hao Peng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01524561984638931,"gpt":0.2326901157933464,"spread":0.2174444959469571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001668147,0.0002076902,0.0002745704,0.0002405967,0.0001328534,0.000113122,0.000173686,0.0001454336,0.00004385634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000128041,0.0001791025,0.00005808938,0.0002954345,0.0001840697,0.0001786436,0.000003649296,0.000168953,0.0002709151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001204791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003342772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003454981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.417636e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998621,0.00000881129,0.0003457703,0.0003161995,0.0003249555,0.0003832377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991831,0.00008190626,0.00002924835,0.0002389852,0.00006459631,0.0004022145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008647469,0.00106356,0.00008311402,0.001150026,0.0006843124,0.00003667588,0.001386066,0.006433453,0.0258338,0.0006278298,0.04701042,0.9156042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00223058,0.0003636723,0.000008282241,0.0002743287,0.00005485503,0.00008667228,0.0009448201,0.1684881,0.001678592,0.0002366564,0.8249218,0.0007116271],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003628498,0.0002021111,0.9923305,0.0001436287,0.0009848222,0.0007033314,0.0003185188,0.0006137177,0.001074892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982634,0.00001347347,0.0001928255,0.00006037289,0.0001090702,0.0005181518,0.00001616353,0.00004159437,0.0007850022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9946349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7303586,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1826188091","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2006.1693099","title":"A CMOS Integrated Linear Voltage-to-Pulse-Delay-Time Converter for Time Based Analog-to-Digital Converters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Voltage; Inverter; Converters; Integrating ADC; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Time-to-digital converter; Pulse-width modulation; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Voltage source; Engineering; Clock signal; Physics; Negative impedance converter","authors":[{"name":"H. Pekau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Adil Yousif","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.W. Haslett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006020081422505272,"gpt":0.2096276459089204,"spread":0.2036075644864151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006315181,0.0003175461,0.0003278909,0.000247065,0.00005465139,0.00006925665,0.0003185749,0.0001465907,0.0006410695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005558359,0.0002753012,0.0001008874,0.0003803618,0.00005634343,0.000220905,0.000054491,0.000129976,0.001926779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001966831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002148035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006373789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986706,0.000004366571,0.0003418179,0.0003391838,0.0001474128,0.000496613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993376,0.00009101915,0.00002581203,0.0003453231,0.00009637879,0.0001038549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003968864,0.0003411385,0.001339396,0.0001943842,0.000437514,0.00006587254,0.0001207425,0.06841528,0.1169304,0.0008528629,0.6467401,0.1641655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009990106,0.0002754112,0.00006438203,0.0000404835,0.00002333094,0.000003333213,0.00005646857,0.8616868,0.0218922,0.0003533913,0.114037,0.0005681655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02377972,0.00001884235,0.9656549,0.0002814806,0.0003029704,0.000861606,0.0003083232,0.002792047,0.006000191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9512541,0.000001285692,0.03030575,0.001117848,0.00009557278,0.0002103902,0.0003599295,0.0001178704,0.01653731],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.935349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079016261","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2003.822896","title":"A 2.4-GHz Ring-Oscillator-Based CMOS Frequency Synthesizer With a Fractional Divider Dual-PLL Architecture","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; Phase noise; dBc; PLL multibit; Ring oscillator; Frequency synthesizer; Voltage-controlled oscillator; Frequency divider; CMOS; Chip; Electrical engineering; Frequency multiplier; Electronic engineering; Physics; Engineering; Voltage","authors":[{"name":"K.L. Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bosco Leung","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01292243431477897,"gpt":0.236957944838409,"spread":0.2240355105236301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001846523,0.0003215679,0.0004131962,0.0002640029,0.0001337255,0.00004947386,0.0002931318,0.0001318743,0.00007513772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007095298,0.0002586533,0.0001318156,0.0002533074,0.0001553103,0.0003510128,0.00001507321,0.0007657627,0.00003276886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002584631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000159637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006923707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002178197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998221,0.00001847385,0.0005065606,0.0002067463,0.0005737328,0.0004734341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990167,0.0001117298,0.0002637219,0.0002676921,0.0001886456,0.0001515083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003012182,0.00009507563,0.0007131835,0.00009402348,0.00034727,0.000491779,0.0004028605,0.9638463,0.02472069,0.00005497672,0.00027212,0.008931601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02995735,0.005061751,0.02835021,0.009090405,0.001232805,0.01232919,0.002090577,0.008393162,0.5985008,0.2570756,0.0402733,0.00764478],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6004119,0.0008229347,0.3964118,0.0004286097,0.0007943355,0.0001914318,0.00005367856,0.0003194272,0.0005659194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938436,0.0001596335,0.005515406,0.0001373398,0.0002380651,0.000008977704,0.000001440014,0.00006733772,0.00002822777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9554532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128446766","doi":"10.1109/tcsii.2006.883103","title":"A Low-Phase Noise, Anti-Harmonic Programmable DLL Frequency Multiplier With Period Error Compensation for Spur Reduction","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II Analog and Digital Signal Processing","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"dBc; Frequency multiplier; Phase noise; Jitter; CMOS; Voltage-controlled oscillator; Multiplier (economics); Frequency offset; Phase-locked loop; Electrical engineering; Electronic engineering; Physics; Computer science; Engineering; Voltage; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","authors":[{"name":"Qingjin Du","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jingcheng Zhuang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tad Kwasniewski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01827238323677546,"gpt":0.2384945336597722,"spread":0.2202221504229967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000631482,0.0002267547,0.0002512129,0.0001404199,0.0005382624,0.0003420855,0.00005309308,0.0001013941,0.000001736479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001276165,0.0001902294,0.00003785478,0.0001965024,0.0001171824,0.0007203689,0.000001129205,0.0001386067,7.241498e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005042695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002367188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001500914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000656292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989816,0.000006011528,0.000293064,0.000298358,0.0001415667,0.0002794196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996821,0.00001643208,0.00007432381,0.00008666678,0.00008381894,0.00005664665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000610546,0.0004946201,0.0001662481,0.001327094,0.0001048431,0.00001089828,0.0003782386,0.08656967,0.03411071,0.0002214195,0.00001940648,0.8765358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01090342,0.003745318,0.0004394754,0.002608882,0.0004269948,0.0008964253,0.005506913,0.9270021,0.0412692,0.002505615,0.002102027,0.002593632],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.383776,0.0006955877,0.6143827,0.0000110145,0.00009125345,0.0004149577,0.00005827077,0.0002783836,0.0002918415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993221,0.00002418981,0.0002170902,0.000002705809,0.00005827114,0.0001432594,0.00002561146,0.00003210462,0.0001746954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8739422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.775733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115194774","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2003.822778","title":"An Analytical Equation for the Oscillation Frequency of High-Frequency Ring Oscillators","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Oscillation (cell signaling); Parasitic extraction; Ring (chemistry); Ring oscillator; Physics; Range (aeronautics); Control theory (sociology); Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; CMOS; Materials science; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"S. Docking","is_ca":true},{"name":"Manoj Sachdev","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03518847619314647,"gpt":0.2932027764459249,"spread":0.2580143002527784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003913008,0.0001594425,0.0002834679,0.0002127799,0.00009712011,0.00002474711,0.0003270918,0.00009031016,0.000007730144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001417326,0.0001205112,0.0001043536,0.0002695017,0.00009814201,0.0005516676,0.000008271963,0.0002227207,0.000002164257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002233532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006150712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001371209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001144407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985939,0.00001423295,0.0006919087,0.0001164726,0.0003214187,0.0002620251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989929,0.000122561,0.0003064949,0.0002358778,0.0002767679,0.00006539826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007368887,0.00004277831,0.001284717,0.00006844255,0.0001492552,0.000007433362,0.0004230369,0.9226502,0.04984567,0.006578814,0.0000250216,0.01891722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005423279,0.00155782,0.02224691,0.0007073169,0.0005062901,0.0001741861,0.001320523,0.07449313,0.2599078,0.6322483,0.0002772452,0.001137208],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5544701,0.0002748261,0.4441678,0.00006891373,0.000727052,0.0001365583,0.00002535755,0.00005919532,0.00007019175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996295,0.0003583328,0.003101433,0.00001471478,0.0001895311,0.000005421812,0.000002398309,0.00002804644,0.000005080833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8481571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4914306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985574186","doi":"10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362715","title":"Truly Random Number Generator Based on a Ring Oscillator Utilizing Last Passage Time","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Institute of Standards and Technology; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Jitter; Ring oscillator; Phase noise; Random number generation; Voltage-controlled oscillator; Randomness tests; NIST; CMOS; Computer science; Randomness; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Voltage; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Stewart Robson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bosco Leung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guang Gong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01201091583298698,"gpt":0.2154116592969984,"spread":0.2034007434640115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002938888,0.000491766,0.0005920555,0.000231413,0.0004998556,0.0001229657,0.0003798674,0.0002807704,0.0001220663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002259482,0.0004881381,0.0001883067,0.0003221604,0.00008133902,0.0002671504,0.000003909286,0.0004875283,0.0003007882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000199457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002597802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001941805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005585882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997649,0.0001139972,0.0005747711,0.0005542483,0.0004946325,0.0006133809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985815,0.000281045,0.00009842581,0.0008226085,0.00006287996,0.0001535548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005338677,0.0001913653,0.00003752458,0.0003059394,0.0001762762,0.00001419869,0.0002753257,0.8981191,0.0749575,0.000271235,0.00165053,0.02394764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006891805,0.000317768,0.00003744241,0.001401249,0.0001457535,0.00004596539,0.0002516058,0.6455688,0.1974307,0.00006113636,0.1461125,0.001735175],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06020276,0.0001073802,0.9207644,0.00002686809,0.002703085,0.0006909572,0.0001443296,0.002621772,0.01273849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977941,0.00002603097,0.0003663873,0.00008350088,0.0002224162,0.0003836483,0.000005643714,0.0001347258,0.0009835743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9375913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966954653","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2014.2348556","title":"A 4–32 Gb/s Bidirectional Link With 3-Tap FFE/6-Tap DFE and Collaborative CDR in 22 nm CMOS","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"International Business Machines Corporation; Intel Corporation","keywords":"CMOS; Transmitter; Channel (broadcasting); Jitter; Transceiver; Computer science; Equalization (audio); Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Tawfiq Musah","is_ca":false},{"name":"James Jaussi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ganesh Balamurugan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sami Hyvonen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tzu-Chien Hsueh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gokce Keskin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sudip Shekhar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph Kennedy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shreyas Sen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rajesh Inti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mozhgan Mansuri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Leddige","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bryce Horine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clark Roberts","is_ca":false},{"name":"Randy Mooney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bryan Casper","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008782161097100555,"gpt":0.23648715193962,"spread":0.2277049908425194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002737401,0.000228101,0.000393561,0.0003190451,0.00007106545,0.00004180297,0.0001839567,0.0001028458,0.00001564013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000897066,0.0001879406,0.00003736007,0.0004397796,0.0001293818,0.0003946458,0.00001996226,0.0004837216,0.000007163006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001285932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005713499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002554195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002371695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987245,0.00003057651,0.0004710233,0.0001640958,0.0002902408,0.0003196225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992099,0.0001198108,0.00021073,0.0001378756,0.0002214987,0.000100116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003094121,0.0005189202,0.04981078,0.0005617533,0.00122582,0.001140157,0.004940458,0.2881556,0.1163412,0.001187206,0.006724245,0.5290844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02921152,0.008083797,0.1966242,0.004468051,0.0006829374,0.005075822,0.006332117,0.04292616,0.4156089,0.04392615,0.2409412,0.006119241],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.977661,0.0009728523,0.01800312,0.0001544929,0.0009188742,0.0002618596,0.0000396413,0.0001576418,0.001830538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973548,0.001207957,0.0009629708,0.00006008076,0.0002192308,0.00002367265,0.000001260145,0.00003748979,0.0001325179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5229651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7663996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050607432","doi":"10.1109/4.845188","title":"Differential CMOS circuits for 622-MHz/933-MHz clock and data recovery applications","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Jitter; CMOS; Phase-locked loop; Ring oscillator; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Electronic circuit; CPU multiplier; Filter (signal processing); Chip; Controller (irrigation); Clock skew; Clock signal; Electrical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"H. Djahanshahi","is_ca":false},{"name":"C.A.T. Salama","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03435196677715407,"gpt":0.2924389003723104,"spread":0.2580869335951563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001726286,0.0002586392,0.0004175123,0.0001753606,0.0001461975,0.00007326848,0.0007396744,0.0001295674,0.00008815237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003859251,0.0002457727,0.00008629196,0.0001775506,0.00009494506,0.0006388039,0.00005166301,0.0003530392,0.00001885706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008005852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003940358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001336517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004777773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983555,0.0000156452,0.00068052,0.0002808058,0.0002445661,0.0004229547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988664,0.0001303452,0.0001943771,0.0005606549,0.0001144101,0.0001338134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000260847,0.0001165712,0.0001600844,0.0002168273,0.0003449377,0.00001410296,0.0001722371,0.0168292,0.02278549,0.00008156413,0.006174836,0.9530781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008020004,0.001173062,0.003300198,0.0008426328,0.0008178693,0.001283439,0.0005940677,0.02329277,0.05461395,0.04850478,0.8549225,0.002634696],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4439927,0.002985364,0.5478672,0.0001566664,0.00141311,0.0008336559,0.001350469,0.0003462007,0.00105465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891239,0.008287908,0.001161656,0.00006790432,0.0006055037,0.00004810186,0.00004453296,0.00007655869,0.0005838982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9504434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166155244","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2013.2259031","title":"A Digital Phase-Locked Loop With Calibrated Coarse and Stochastic Fine TDC","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Loop (graph theory); Phase-locked loop; Phase (matter); Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Amer Samarah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01253014514547824,"gpt":0.2378546619340376,"spread":0.2253245167885594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005410834,0.0002198715,0.0003367684,0.000174129,0.00004884262,0.0001006548,0.0001845903,0.00006419693,0.00003512051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003266596,0.0001670318,0.00003680499,0.0002024205,0.0001417848,0.0009078818,0.00001991316,0.0003059481,0.00001942029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004655073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002968106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001654824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002512042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989125,0.000006181338,0.0004204666,0.0001215943,0.0002166621,0.0003225635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993426,0.00005261664,0.0001613774,0.0001412194,0.0001599062,0.0001422539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001305969,0.0004643967,0.0007942842,0.000262446,0.0009843564,0.0006584592,0.001041363,0.2246586,0.1031783,0.00004726294,0.009056417,0.6587235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.05749724,0.01326089,0.00295798,0.004287494,0.0009028161,0.009827775,0.005642976,0.5970337,0.2690975,0.0227513,0.01009266,0.006647687],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8972106,0.0003814711,0.1015083,0.00005945619,0.0002596063,0.000172853,0.00004632103,0.0001641296,0.0001973071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992156,0.00008964296,0.0002861293,0.00002483981,0.00006469765,0.000007718115,0.000002698849,0.00004169521,0.0002669916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6520758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6811358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2525320820","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2016.2602224","title":"A 20 Gb/s CMOS Optical Receiver With Limited-Bandwidth Front End and Local Feedback IIR-DFE","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Fujitsu","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; Intersymbol interference; CMOS; Bandwidth (computing); Electronic engineering; Front and back ends; Photodiode; Bandwidth extension; Analog front-end; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Amplifier; Physics; Operational amplifier; Telecommunications; Optoelectronics; Channel (broadcasting); Digital signal processing","authors":[{"name":"Alireza Sharif-Bakhtiar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01258461821103225,"gpt":0.2253113048931827,"spread":0.2127266866821505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001774181,0.0002746003,0.0004276975,0.0001735718,0.00006445263,0.00003508999,0.0002597988,0.0001283086,0.0000633463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004489013,0.0001707019,0.00006405085,0.0001153968,0.0003368216,0.000492778,0.00003098112,0.0003666586,0.00003358876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001603007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000435928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001089246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009575533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984844,0.00001853214,0.0004886595,0.0001951265,0.0003498468,0.0004634646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991522,0.000120058,0.0001597103,0.0002102873,0.0001558181,0.000201938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002803837,0.0001803906,0.003625344,0.0001782824,0.0008196167,0.0009415864,0.0008725608,0.01727464,0.09122611,0.0001610312,0.01125524,0.8731848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02618656,0.006716498,0.02333996,0.005850008,0.0008188096,0.006594857,0.002233523,0.00529537,0.7776759,0.01742568,0.1234855,0.00437738],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6775575,0.001148876,0.318168,0.0004390616,0.0007832457,0.0001770281,0.00006451697,0.0002059349,0.001455773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956675,0.002356594,0.00126314,0.0000619483,0.0001562399,0.000004778965,6.701417e-7,0.00004945373,0.0004397339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8688074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6961021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121955149","doi":"10.1109/test.2001.966708","title":"A synthesizable, fast and high-resolution timing measurement device using a component-invariant vernier delay line","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Vernier scale; Jitter; Computer science; Field-programmable gate array; Delay calculation; Computer hardware; Propagation delay","authors":[{"name":"A.H. Chan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gordon W. Roberts","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07123008876189064,"gpt":0.2339315738458216,"spread":0.162701485083931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001227379,0.0001652372,0.000159538,0.0001061512,0.0001124339,0.00003023883,0.00009736024,0.00007608074,0.00011955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003689786,0.0001487834,0.00001962784,0.0001532339,0.00003808377,0.0001641597,0.0000698712,0.0001171933,0.00002463005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001623456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002771556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004409776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002227276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991153,0.00001149944,0.0002018791,0.0001793744,0.0002163561,0.0002756116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996868,0.0000241799,0.00002893604,0.0001775767,0.00003930737,0.00004325065],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003010987,0.000248206,0.0009199525,0.0004716574,0.0004611055,0.00008000348,0.000377128,0.6033844,0.2105189,0.003622556,0.001497547,0.1783884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002895792,0.00002632628,0.0001088744,0.0001172486,0.0000391627,0.00001512276,0.0001280641,0.983288,0.01358687,0.0001077565,0.002062437,0.0002305881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.186338,0.002440134,0.8084309,0.0001051704,0.0002195826,0.0002076069,0.000006792751,0.0009097017,0.001342145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9443262,0.0002776219,0.05524689,0.00002853395,0.00003190392,0.00001056455,0.00000142318,0.00002372878,0.00005313694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7579882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6067212,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094282675","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2012.2190669","title":"A Digital Implementation of a Dual-Path Time-to-Time Integrator","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Integrator; Trimming; Realization (probability); Computer science; Asynchronous communication; CMOS; Electronic engineering; Response time; Computer hardware; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Ali-Bakhshian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gordon W. Roberts","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008867781280808507,"gpt":0.2215193299566381,"spread":0.2126515486758296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009186497,0.0001553346,0.0002097817,0.0001344873,0.00006835383,0.00003211651,0.00005970114,0.00007520925,0.00009053013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003859567,0.0001375687,0.00005158202,0.0001677492,0.00003789067,0.0002207269,0.000001091019,0.00009667222,0.00007846134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000578019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008731975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000441752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.892966e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992212,0.00001469442,0.0002469532,0.000128562,0.0001550983,0.0002334596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996444,0.00003070406,0.00003525315,0.0001586104,0.00002434681,0.0001066923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009800247,0.0001318388,0.0002171165,0.0002827802,0.0004178039,0.000003290739,0.00153177,0.01392334,0.2794453,0.0002624557,0.0008514906,0.702923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006722294,0.00337485,0.002215729,0.001873901,0.0007674289,0.0004786236,0.04288271,0.02876777,0.5604898,0.0001278769,0.3478096,0.004489382],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7404729,0.001201906,0.2379493,0.000071274,0.001531879,0.001620204,0.0005667402,0.001433146,0.01515272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982706,0.00003743191,0.00004722923,0.000007992986,0.0000280046,0.00006457268,0.000004965376,0.00002624197,0.001512976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6984336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.560989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153506412","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2003.822898","title":"A CMOS 10-Gb/s Power-Efficient 4-PAM Transmitter","year":2004,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transmitter; CMOS; Electrical engineering; Transmitter power output; Power (physics); Modulation (music); Voltage; Block (permutation group theory); Radio transmitter design; Electronic engineering; Pulse-amplitude modulation; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Channel (broadcasting); Pulse (music); Mathematics; Acoustics","authors":[{"name":"K. Farzan","is_ca":true},{"name":"D.A. Johns","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.016831649733661,"gpt":0.2607117921951085,"spread":0.2438801424614475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004467306,0.0005423499,0.0007664089,0.0004321765,0.0001444308,0.00008385855,0.000718731,0.0003158717,0.0004817024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007385769,0.000528694,0.000410149,0.0005031795,0.0003192777,0.0005104349,0.00003827769,0.001120911,0.0003825031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007621551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002048633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001043319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004637479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996554,0.00004468215,0.001351986,0.0003174978,0.0006877892,0.001044097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983817,0.00007791437,0.0004811391,0.000413662,0.0003448387,0.0003006838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004175489,0.0005877964,0.00005519995,0.0003328917,0.0005686881,0.001572804,0.003713012,0.865123,0.02979039,0.0005760781,0.005285638,0.09235277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01640824,0.00424305,0.002023976,0.007348078,0.0009842864,0.006284233,0.003179742,0.003855878,0.4845618,0.05657137,0.4106227,0.003916638],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.599922,0.01624839,0.3621244,0.003726778,0.01468661,0.0003989483,0.0001989862,0.0002621885,0.002431639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908484,0.003161412,0.002244449,0.0002290318,0.0005159148,0.000007211381,0.000001421355,0.000116969,0.00287517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8612671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163903773","doi":"10.1109/tim.2009.2024699","title":"An All-Digital Self-Calibration Method for a Vernier-Based Time-to-Digital Converter","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Vernier scale; Time-to-digital converter; Calibration; Quantization (signal processing); Effective number of bits; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Algorithm; Jitter; CMOS; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rashid Rashidzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Majid Ahmadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"William C. Miller","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02379023111361554,"gpt":0.2684918784568229,"spread":0.2447016473432073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008785966,0.0001613959,0.0001171351,0.0001345537,0.00009095309,0.0001445612,0.00006965457,0.0000613221,0.00003844789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002952488,0.0001621058,0.00004288321,0.00009511844,0.00001215272,0.0005818416,3.108532e-7,0.00007019933,0.0000234191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001536165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000174368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.308877e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001373576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991679,0.000008964668,0.0002033199,0.0002026532,0.0002471971,0.0001699214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996847,0.00001561151,0.00002525341,0.0001330455,0.00005451221,0.00008691558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001187536,0.0002868203,0.000007309955,0.00002744137,0.00009144362,3.954678e-7,0.0002382636,0.0333762,0.02833367,0.00004183327,0.000368732,0.9371091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003116807,0.001914157,0.00009341523,0.00005540173,0.00009650501,0.000004463172,0.0003584454,0.6659142,0.3143564,0.0004935997,0.0130514,0.0005451649],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01009768,0.000005978252,0.9879346,0.0002697307,0.0001743462,0.0005450188,0.00008460759,0.0006249713,0.0002629947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9697687,0.000005562616,0.02953657,0.0004648822,0.00001557031,0.0001171222,0.00002870584,0.00001784818,0.00004505424],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.959671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6610484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1862926453","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2002.1010739","title":"An overview of design techniques for CMOS phase detectors","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Detector; Lock (firearm); Computer science; Reliability (semiconductor); Sensitivity (control systems); Electronic engineering; Phase detector; Sampling (signal processing); Nonlinear system; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"S.A. Soliman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fei Yuan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kaamran Raahemifar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09661998807205523,"gpt":0.3642144563972239,"spread":0.2675944683251686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008713925,0.00007974204,0.0001081844,0.00004764045,0.00001682512,0.000003918959,0.00009926422,0.00005106974,0.00005256414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003693691,0.00006710264,0.00002525275,0.00008533343,0.00002179045,0.00009371418,0.000004689914,0.0000325846,9.578888e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001495704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004013401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.804701e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.061062e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996343,0.000006667563,0.0001249289,0.00007577137,0.00004019896,0.0001181364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997375,0.00003283263,0.00001563477,0.0001792594,0.00001877979,0.00001600209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000212764,0.000217946,0.00007691178,0.0003176166,0.00006376165,0.000001341766,0.00005655856,0.002273485,0.3143259,0.05627365,0.001879875,0.6244917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001970244,0.0002529525,0.000001288504,0.00001281199,0.000006619106,7.360904e-7,0.00004692411,0.002809461,0.9704583,0.008111721,0.01800833,0.00009385861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005813263,0.0007331506,0.9909214,0.000002306835,0.00005052536,0.0002972065,0.000005249057,0.0009569575,0.001219915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5937839,0.0003590504,0.4056968,0.00001142827,0.000005152085,0.00008840967,0.000001128985,0.00001570582,0.00003850825],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6561324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2736366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149726555","doi":"10.1109/cicc.2012.6330576","title":"A digital phase-locked loop with calibrated coarse and stochastic fine TDC","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"DPLL algorithm; Jitter; Phase-locked loop; dBc; Time-to-digital converter; Calibration; Phase noise; CMOS; Electronic engineering; Noise (video); Physics; Computer science; Engineering; Clock signal","authors":[{"name":"Amer Samarah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01082532775848642,"gpt":0.2257444667458037,"spread":0.2149191389873172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001406928,0.0001147403,0.0001020978,0.00003979234,0.00002485061,0.00002565538,0.00005300827,0.00003925094,0.00006213681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001169465,0.00008124291,0.000007360621,0.0001091603,0.00006676815,0.0003834594,0.00003323769,0.00007246863,0.00001787474],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001130401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002660247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000108741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002522163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999554,0.000001016054,0.00008299611,0.00007744252,0.00006043588,0.0002240752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997957,0.00001878023,0.00001028638,0.0001124488,0.00000924312,0.00005350416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000291562,0.0009473797,0.01149461,0.0002466325,0.0006103039,0.00004748633,0.0006615954,0.02272068,0.01225289,0.01090039,0.01196397,0.9278625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01894919,0.002337412,0.00113927,0.0003136861,0.00025033,0.0003715805,0.003704693,0.8401268,0.07257336,0.002111971,0.05433811,0.003783579],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7062672,0.0003918781,0.2868263,0.0000354315,0.00009184507,0.0001462458,0.00001935909,0.001312486,0.00490926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960985,0.000005935271,0.002771418,0.00001280066,0.00002068555,0.00001334469,0.00001111903,0.00001875042,0.001047482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9240789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.331299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2899996489","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2018.2874013","title":"A Type-I Sub-Sampling PLL With a &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\"&gt;$100\\times100\\,\\,\\mu\\text{m}^{2}$ &lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt; Footprint and −255-dB FOM","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; CMC Microsystems; Intel Corporation","keywords":"Voltage-controlled oscillator; Phase-locked loop; Figure of merit; Phase noise; CMOS; Jitter; dBc; Physics; Electrical engineering; Loop (graph theory); Electronic engineering; Voltage; Mathematics; Engineering; Optoelectronics","authors":[{"name":"Ahmad Sharkia","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shahriar Mirabbasi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sudip Shekhar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02356724713707766,"gpt":0.2703665669631488,"spread":0.2467993198260711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001083337,0.001312105,0.001656223,0.001042504,0.0005868364,0.0003504814,0.001197346,0.0005700465,0.00004045982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003129368,0.001116823,0.0003591572,0.001231102,0.000587408,0.00138504,0.0002627191,0.001332064,0.0001971823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006077774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000365129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007211213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000118148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934158,0.00007611093,0.00238441,0.0009317077,0.001399278,0.001792712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951972,0.0003588683,0.001251364,0.001050612,0.001517165,0.000624836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000991598,0.001084936,0.001754918,0.001603777,0.003528046,0.001276056,0.007121603,0.1367027,0.6008462,0.01044112,0.002962033,0.231687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02542836,0.01088102,0.01303311,0.00818966,0.002390668,0.007791841,0.001565592,0.266246,0.3755963,0.02860662,0.2494937,0.01077713],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9173028,0.002859087,0.07471073,0.0002373457,0.002077867,0.0008255951,0.0001661454,0.0007651203,0.001055327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853297,0.003882302,0.008715197,0.0001957827,0.001013817,0.00004403941,0.00003397044,0.0003331464,0.0004520085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2465317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964894970","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2005.843604","title":"A multiband /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N frequency synthesizer for a MIMO WLAN transceiver RFIC","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Frequency synthesizer; Phase-locked loop; Phase noise; Delta-sigma modulation; Electrical engineering; Electronic engineering; Transmitter; Transceiver; Physics; Engineering; CMOS","authors":[{"name":"John Rogers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fa Foster Dai","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Cavin","is_ca":false},{"name":"D.G. Rahn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02082761935543508,"gpt":0.2697756687117381,"spread":0.248948049356303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002550674,0.0003009127,0.00044789,0.000289551,0.0001246999,0.00004016197,0.0003702692,0.0001598375,0.00008521365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009653978,0.0002730977,0.0002373443,0.0001743647,0.00009169103,0.0007015702,0.000006775782,0.0004533538,0.00002365446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002251999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005558568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002957999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002001286,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998205,0.00001924366,0.000749356,0.0001980091,0.0003357299,0.0004926833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990033,0.0001661155,0.0002463547,0.0002113969,0.0002383432,0.0001344995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001746587,0.0005929409,0.001077919,0.0005722008,0.001581239,0.0002536624,0.002828781,0.3705899,0.4094926,0.0004931424,0.009607298,0.2027356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01596322,0.001727581,0.005984848,0.002148877,0.001075338,0.001812962,0.001901926,0.1020179,0.5875352,0.0277406,0.2479582,0.004133377],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4963818,0.002728847,0.4975126,0.0002847023,0.001541287,0.0004349613,0.0002933256,0.0003091238,0.000513386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924212,0.0012618,0.00537287,0.0001137476,0.0005014241,0.00002688276,0.000003770072,0.00007014514,0.0002281404],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4960394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164132892","doi":"10.1109/mwscas.2001.986327","title":"A coupled two-stage ring oscillator","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Voltage-controlled oscillator; Ring oscillator; Vackář oscillator; Delay line oscillator; Variable-frequency oscillator; Ring (chemistry); Physics; Frequency drift; Local oscillator; Digitally controlled oscillator; Stage (stratigraphy); CMOS; Pierce oscillator; Voltage; Power (physics); Quadrature (astronomy); Phase noise; Electrical engineering; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Quantum mechanics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"A. Rezayee","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Martin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02163439170263021,"gpt":0.2344132064136503,"spread":0.2127788147110201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000193679,0.00008054565,0.00007593081,0.00003991265,0.00003191683,0.00001244148,0.0000998698,0.00003010297,0.001235831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001210896,0.00007015095,0.00001839228,0.00009377465,0.00002046501,0.00008361952,0.00003248871,0.00007377729,0.0002560031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002701196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":4.39809e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002719858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005147164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995903,0.000001101606,0.00008825056,0.00008315125,0.00006584718,0.0001713148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997873,0.00001234373,0.000007072793,0.000165333,0.000006258715,0.00002166995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001203852,0.0002130378,0.01221132,0.0003935771,0.0004292952,0.0001673703,0.00107375,0.3633251,0.1264483,0.1821514,0.03832004,0.2752548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004160104,0.0000168732,0.00006794472,0.000009610849,0.000004019048,0.000002766771,0.0001602982,0.8555936,0.01314224,0.0004028146,0.1299515,0.0002323555],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5789235,0.001107303,0.09155461,0.0001110487,0.0006383468,0.0001877735,0.000005467825,0.006737132,0.3207349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865405,0.0001485326,0.006652717,0.00003108667,0.00002553873,0.000009723994,4.226737e-7,0.00001474989,0.006576743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4922686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168354895","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2008.917516","title":"A 5.2-GHz BFSK Transceiver Using Injection-Locking and an On-Chip Antenna","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; Voltage-controlled oscillator; Transceiver; Loop antenna; Chip; Electrical engineering; Transmitter; Demodulation; Frequency synthesizer; Engineering; CMOS; Antenna (radio); Electronic engineering; Phase noise; Dipole antenna; Voltage; Channel (broadcasting); Antenna factor","authors":[{"name":"P.H.R. Popplewell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Victor Karam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Atif Shamim","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Rogers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Langis Roy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Calvin Plett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04606699650005958,"gpt":0.2858812155701485,"spread":0.2398142190700889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001342186,0.0001981734,0.0002990543,0.0002985683,0.0001703517,0.00002272806,0.0001725246,0.00008363541,0.000007650649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002146849,0.0001824461,0.00006845099,0.0001897843,0.0001161569,0.0005476821,0.00000722332,0.0004167808,0.00000278366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009421381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002802344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003759982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003498289,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988915,0.00002026523,0.0004146088,0.0001380162,0.0002349193,0.0003006878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994848,0.00003973836,0.0001340173,0.0001410714,0.00009474123,0.0001055754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007362413,0.0002026499,0.006639339,0.0001497241,0.0003960634,0.001019884,0.006144849,0.5273522,0.4014436,0.00005401038,0.0002752937,0.05624875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01560775,0.007546884,0.0547726,0.004201801,0.0006690801,0.03569691,0.007740976,0.3115197,0.52819,0.02225128,0.006103327,0.005699737],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9587955,0.0004683614,0.03958134,0.00001500663,0.0007640241,0.00007077646,0.0000131625,0.0001267855,0.0001649901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978681,0.001288975,0.0005224573,0.00004840802,0.0002037823,0.000001065359,3.948189e-7,0.00003852621,0.00002825065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2158326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7439937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1961930787","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2003.1205659","title":"Performance characteristics of an ultra-low power VCO","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Voltage-controlled oscillator; CMOS; Electrical engineering; Transistor; Voltage; Low voltage; Power (physics); Electronic engineering; Ultra low power; Engineering; Materials science; Physics; Power consumption","authors":[{"name":"M. Jamal Deen","is_ca":true},{"name":"M.H. Kazemeini","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sasan Naseh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006077647699996453,"gpt":0.2031803743698056,"spread":0.1971027266698092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003459077,0.00007178335,0.00009026302,0.00003140673,0.00001606183,0.000003852458,0.00008879738,0.00004244727,0.0001942372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000190717,0.00006165403,0.00001625234,0.00006822468,0.00003034894,0.0001234193,0.000003370271,0.00006053654,0.00001711078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001018011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002808008,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.339824e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.175115e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996336,0.000002516616,0.0001219132,0.00006229044,0.00005687138,0.0001228346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997655,0.000007389384,0.00001505729,0.0001790794,0.00001569373,0.0000173482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004004861,0.0006232961,0.09268813,0.0009114986,0.0002871247,0.00002222831,0.0009770548,0.008801389,0.4011106,0.05951432,0.001816988,0.4332074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002648155,0.0001753085,0.01266412,0.00003245126,0.000008776295,0.000008205286,0.0002921218,0.003780337,0.9643384,0.0003371884,0.01777801,0.0003202292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9386642,0.00002397267,0.002481706,0.000002228868,0.0001930031,0.00003875891,0.000003941642,0.0003155457,0.05827667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952371,0.0001118665,0.004324461,0.00001186896,0.000005147191,0.000003746349,0.000002366975,0.00001057713,0.0002929223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5632279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2514179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199475090","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2021.3109167","title":"A 112-Gb/s PAM-4 Low-Power Nine-Tap Sliding-Block DFE in a 7-nm FinFET Wireline Receiver","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Wireline; Computer science; Digital signal processing; Digital subscriber line; Electronic engineering; Computer hardware; Engineering; Telecommunications; Wireless","authors":[{"name":"James Bailey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hossein Shakiba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ehud Nir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Grigory Marderfeld","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Krotnev","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marc-Andre LaCroix","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Cassan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Davide Tonietto","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01332243341087471,"gpt":0.2522967356030443,"spread":0.2389743021921696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000330007,0.0003345495,0.0006102622,0.000368912,0.00006238154,0.00004885514,0.0004021482,0.0001809715,0.000146033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002471757,0.0003231436,0.0001702058,0.0005919893,0.00006282485,0.0004644808,0.00006081063,0.0008546484,0.00005035222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002465337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001087866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002037612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001945244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976746,0.00004259047,0.001015539,0.0002486448,0.0004232673,0.0005953994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988267,0.00009088361,0.0002748071,0.0003426564,0.0003213706,0.0001435275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009694496,0.001036765,0.009511256,0.0006541495,0.00100439,0.01259942,0.003785234,0.4122665,0.4306528,0.000233005,0.04122686,0.08693267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01461305,0.001283003,0.0262217,0.005350583,0.0003510968,0.005021131,0.003087953,0.01555311,0.7829085,0.009958002,0.1315379,0.004114017],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864085,0.002432031,0.006529671,0.0002434087,0.002462112,0.0001645365,0.00005646103,0.0002118066,0.001491503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937634,0.004643902,0.0004898585,0.0001576881,0.0002014487,0.00001093307,0.000003588845,0.0000678313,0.0006613539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3967134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2540986639","doi":"10.1109/edssc.2005.1635283","title":"A Segmented Digital Pulse Width Modulator with Self-Calibration for Low-Power SMPS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulse-width modulation; Converters; Power (physics); CMOS; Electronic engineering; Calibration; Delta-sigma modulation; Pulse (music); Computer science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Guowen Wei Olivier Trescases","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002777412007152581,"gpt":0.174010371604041,"spread":0.1712329595968884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001414851,0.0001253557,0.0000944889,0.00004466753,0.00003630856,0.00005501829,0.0000760923,0.0000538419,0.00003080328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004612075,0.00009511098,0.00002333447,0.0001037936,0.00001966968,0.0004182842,0.00001722165,0.00004431579,0.000006941477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003916555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004657757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001403513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004104526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994664,9.654284e-7,0.0001285547,0.0001302959,0.00008494451,0.0001889008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997817,0.00001393598,0.00001687879,0.0001485288,0.00002102087,0.00001795859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005128053,0.002704663,0.03695306,0.001040551,0.00126758,0.00005063192,0.0004351015,0.61806,0.03714119,0.1393003,0.0664774,0.09605674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004160455,0.0008856303,0.001813474,0.0001010365,0.00006050014,0.00001768852,0.0003866434,0.7580377,0.1688236,0.01921748,0.04502385,0.001471965],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2735623,0.00003860284,0.7153395,0.00004625897,0.00009856952,0.0003532309,0.00002960581,0.002468742,0.008063084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714615,0.000003318684,0.02761605,0.00001857182,0.00002746174,0.00006840251,0.00004591244,0.00002797388,0.0007307783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6978992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3878514,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1518040729","doi":"10.1109/4.938372","title":"A GMSK modulator using a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ frequency discriminator-based synthesizer","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; ON Semiconductor (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Delta-sigma modulation; Minimum-shift keying; Direct digital synthesizer; Frequency synthesizer; Electronic engineering; Modulation (music); dBc; Phase noise; Delta modulation; Voltage-controlled oscillator; Electrical engineering; Phase-locked loop; Engineering; Physics; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Pulse-amplitude modulation; Bit error rate; Acoustics; CMOS","authors":[{"name":"W.T. Bax","is_ca":true},{"name":"M.A. Copeland","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03269387281517813,"gpt":0.2758057032428001,"spread":0.243111830427622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002855099,0.0003798504,0.0005575956,0.0004138208,0.0001315638,0.00005865777,0.0005256269,0.0001630196,0.00006014998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001292964,0.0003418353,0.0002132099,0.0003917024,0.0001373104,0.000630421,0.00002488511,0.0005312482,0.0000140658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003689725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009919891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000827364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005981291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977408,0.00003824164,0.0008679044,0.0002265665,0.0004795665,0.0006469271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988016,0.00007724098,0.0003345088,0.0003714105,0.0002229092,0.0001923683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005435497,0.0003040723,0.004244299,0.0003359247,0.0005209348,0.001825983,0.000660683,0.6686478,0.2769288,0.0003338238,0.0007377519,0.04540548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006913503,0.001115482,0.005352883,0.003609889,0.0009454757,0.002938634,0.001833372,0.3677106,0.5564797,0.04002009,0.009055817,0.004024585],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.788763,0.0009578238,0.2084642,0.00004199681,0.0010879,0.000140781,0.00004394946,0.0002273275,0.0002729663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951342,0.0005130973,0.003899539,0.00008095505,0.0002233469,0.000006898462,0.000001423419,0.00009254213,0.0000479487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3009373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1870585997","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2004.1328243","title":"A CMOS time amplifier for Femto-second resolution timing measurement","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Femto-; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Amplifier; CMOS; Dynamic range; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Computer network","authors":[{"name":"Mourad Oulmane","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gordon W. Roberts","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04559912367675475,"gpt":0.2417280845472336,"spread":0.1961289608704789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001075265,0.0001016875,0.00009383102,0.00004983695,0.00006239576,0.0000146782,0.0000996629,0.00006254708,0.0001636018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003560679,0.00009264116,0.0000349412,0.00006666264,0.00001967431,0.0001034788,0.0000231401,0.00006144264,0.0001011949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001986225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008404681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001778601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001114931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993946,0.000001567175,0.000135844,0.0001260996,0.0001203108,0.0002216043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997508,0.000009742442,0.00001403724,0.000164998,0.00003797478,0.00002247305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009392895,0.0002329752,0.00009509436,0.0005750244,0.0004771909,0.000008850559,0.0005256063,0.2869544,0.3825797,0.04908184,0.0862605,0.1931149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003279562,0.0003123984,0.0002946047,0.0001806722,0.00005660598,0.00001137384,0.0003420656,0.03624715,0.3598747,0.06848779,0.5298423,0.001070855],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01199373,0.0003671158,0.965306,0.0001514431,0.0003413487,0.0004203054,0.00001029586,0.001450952,0.01995882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8822138,0.00002925766,0.1137919,0.0001049328,0.00008443415,0.0001917714,0.00001058648,0.00004366096,0.003529661],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8702201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3777797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157461133","doi":"10.1109/82.924072","title":"Differential signaling with a reduced number of signal paths","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II Analog and Digital Signal Processing","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Viterbi algorithm; SIGNAL (programming language); Viterbi decoder; Encoder; Computer science; Algorithm; Transmitter; Noise (video); Differential (mechanical device); Sequence (biology); Decoding methods; Electronic engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Channel (broadcasting); Physics; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Farzan","is_ca":true},{"name":"D.A. Johns","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01625076950116733,"gpt":0.2266688635296004,"spread":0.2104180940284331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004366945,0.0002295208,0.0003101329,0.0001108065,0.0002775394,0.0001664762,0.0000725737,0.0001027124,0.00002088732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001071357,0.0001806629,0.00003965901,0.0002154313,0.0001364605,0.0004490172,0.000002202342,0.000183129,9.680748e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002164698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001741563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007322894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001646264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989703,0.00000908415,0.0003138545,0.0002460194,0.0002070728,0.0002537179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.00004142156,0.00006979007,0.00008325937,0.00005391654,0.00008294457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006123058,0.0001761257,0.0007334447,0.0005625992,0.0001719296,0.00003075961,0.0005350686,0.02891533,0.02927269,0.000140645,0.00000650219,0.9393937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01117168,0.005122147,0.0009539476,0.01103111,0.001119846,0.00417843,0.01676784,0.7391182,0.19645,0.005136315,0.002465963,0.00648448],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5022696,0.0003207868,0.4957883,0.00000324906,0.00004993633,0.00009246175,0.00002191882,0.0001472946,0.00130647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996323,0.0000833286,0.00002949069,0.000004418346,0.00003668547,0.0000205285,0.0000032578,0.00002678081,0.0001631936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9329092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7367219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015749170","doi":"10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9063130","title":"6.3 A 10-to-112Gb/s DSP-DAC-Based Transmitter with 1.2V<sub>ppd</sub> Output Swing in 7nm FinFET","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Transmitter; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Scalability; Bandwidth (computing); Lookup table; Swing; Digital signal processing; Computer hardware; Electrical engineering; Embedded system; Channel (broadcasting); Engineering; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Eric Groen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charlie Boecker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masum Hossain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roxanne Vu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Socrates D. Vamvakos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haidang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcus van Ierssel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Prashant Choudhary","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nanyan Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masumi Shibata","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Hossein Taghavi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nhat Nguyen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shaishav Desai","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01475614215930855,"gpt":0.1947607834865383,"spread":0.1800046413272298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000527767,0.0002652443,0.0002655088,0.000143407,0.00003603552,0.00003061938,0.0002579344,0.0001050487,0.0002093026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003143339,0.0002219254,0.00004863232,0.0004627234,0.00003794834,0.0001571652,0.00003991935,0.0002602059,0.0003137267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005820389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001734411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004560588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003765777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988056,0.000008975551,0.0002610454,0.0003141836,0.000184447,0.0004257875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995735,0.00003798062,0.00001870043,0.000251248,0.00001980448,0.00009878943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003010768,0.0001790811,0.004314273,0.0006347506,0.0001850834,0.0003175508,0.001492366,0.668124,0.08149394,0.0005611972,0.02775706,0.2146396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004045625,0.000960625,0.002378518,0.0003345077,0.00005398829,0.000005991953,0.0006047396,0.1646231,0.6802993,0.0002938953,0.1446527,0.001746972],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5944097,0.0001553959,0.3875949,0.005117231,0.0001139375,0.0005844235,0.00001677441,0.003180584,0.008827077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987985,0.00001464516,0.01006897,0.001544428,0.00003844472,0.00007991106,0.000006965708,0.00006073662,0.0002009137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5988053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9049857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163544529","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2011.2131730","title":"7.4 Gb/s 6.8 mW Source Synchronous Receiver in 65 nm CMOS","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Jitter; CMOS; Transmitter; Bandwidth (computing); Computer science; Latency (audio); Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Masum Hossain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0259291089733842,"gpt":0.2397087555167392,"spread":0.213779646543355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002498105,0.0002293824,0.0003888811,0.0003365609,0.00004470154,0.00001717997,0.0004512969,0.0001246616,0.00008952291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005177577,0.0002133287,0.00009540904,0.0002596281,0.00009356764,0.0004388813,0.00002936712,0.0005712035,0.00006262971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002042938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003645453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008867658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001227268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984698,0.00002386177,0.0006585434,0.0001456916,0.0002447103,0.0004573848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993126,0.00004141802,0.0002101344,0.0002343305,0.0001000111,0.0001015405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001022451,0.0005387112,0.0145639,0.0003902015,0.0006637644,0.001949826,0.01403886,0.1686801,0.05786489,0.0001459016,0.007831151,0.7332304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01243439,0.00283971,0.0657779,0.003359659,0.000388573,0.003222639,0.006875268,0.01400791,0.7475375,0.04485276,0.09378749,0.004916187],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9440019,0.00101181,0.04911208,0.00002610544,0.001652026,0.0001508222,0.00001412809,0.0002458088,0.003785316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974253,0.001422465,0.0006830264,0.00004716666,0.000124159,0.000004907919,4.79947e-7,0.00005167656,0.0002408222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7283142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8699293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025154037","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2006.870915","title":"A CMOS Finite Impulse Response Filter With a Crossover Traveling Wave Topology for Equalization up to 30 Gb/s","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"CMOS; Amplifier; Bandwidth (computing); Electronic engineering; Topology (electrical circuits); Equalization (audio); Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications; Channel (broadcasting)","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan Sewter","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02565671665033866,"gpt":0.2806999674452626,"spread":0.255043250794924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003496894,0.0002174434,0.0003390562,0.000235049,0.00009214344,0.00004748532,0.0001863225,0.0001068131,0.00002999949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001481575,0.0001842286,0.00008291865,0.0002183131,0.00006365543,0.0002650363,0.00001594107,0.0002106258,0.000008663361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001437832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004941897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000038177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001138089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985577,0.00003055082,0.0006032457,0.0001637373,0.0002100415,0.0004346678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990601,0.0002267629,0.0002010774,0.000180551,0.0002540576,0.00007746003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001152785,0.00005964823,0.0001673401,0.0001179287,0.0001709698,0.0001785223,0.002300139,0.84404,0.1317726,0.0001748762,0.005108268,0.01475687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01790087,0.005892617,0.004260192,0.001413819,0.0003753442,0.001597101,0.002425755,0.06446627,0.8026841,0.03665889,0.05944005,0.002884958],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5006477,0.00008873008,0.4981169,0.00008026671,0.0006881186,0.0001857744,0.00006901828,0.00007515745,0.00004838699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967114,0.00005752513,0.002120596,0.0001555651,0.0002097699,0.00002166375,0.000003969524,0.00005515657,0.0006643617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7795737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7512626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2354420835","doi":"10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2558105","title":"5-bit 5-GS/s Noninterleaved Time-Based ADC in 65-nm CMOS for Radio-Astronomy Applications","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; CMC Microsystems; University of Calgary","keywords":"Effective number of bits; Flash ADC; CMOS; Dynamic range; Successive approximation ADC; Comparator; Electronic engineering; Nyquist frequency; Spurious-free dynamic range; Nyquist rate; Analog-to-digital converter; Calibration; Oversampling; Computer science; Voltage; Electrical engineering; Physics; Sampling (signal processing); Engineering; Detector; Bandwidth (computing); Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Yongsheng Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ge Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leonid Belostotski","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.W. Haslett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00800949869732335,"gpt":0.2199419210098973,"spread":0.2119324223125739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002189499,0.0003307813,0.0003655445,0.0004061809,0.0001670728,0.00006111336,0.0002955221,0.0002330837,0.0001106561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007961503,0.0002675028,0.0001747397,0.0003296262,0.00007444176,0.0003854655,0.00000164152,0.0002485001,0.0002370217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004822373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004079179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001486174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001446481,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982815,0.00004377658,0.0006178074,0.0004109711,0.0001968878,0.0004490222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989948,0.000209062,0.00009339943,0.0005214737,0.0001038113,0.00007744859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005192642,0.001648468,0.0004031308,0.0006193364,0.0004682104,0.000006266581,0.0006693854,0.3684086,0.1442472,0.001905469,0.006124507,0.4749801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006932415,0.0005819618,0.00009129597,0.0015169,0.0001320789,0.00001732447,0.001935455,0.3809012,0.4120833,0.0002678622,0.1940479,0.001492355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006380375,0.00009355236,0.9890409,0.0001370053,0.0009506964,0.001550442,0.00054278,0.000840639,0.0004636516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880382,0.00003060661,0.00533384,0.00002288867,0.0001012142,0.004110496,0.00004075855,0.00006740227,0.002254629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.983707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112074917","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2005.853902","title":"Feedforward symbol timing recovery technique using two samples per symbol","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Algorithm; Phase-shift keying; Symbol rate; Feed forward; Quadrature (astronomy); Computer science; Kalman filter; Clock recovery; Mathematics; Electronic engineering; Bit error rate; Decoding methods; Telecommunications; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Wei‐Ping Zhu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yupeng Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Omair Ahmad","is_ca":true},{"name":"M.N.S. Swamy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03146547427327808,"gpt":0.2724089489576354,"spread":0.2409434746843573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002338235,0.0002153287,0.000215568,0.000150967,0.0004869657,0.00009109777,0.0001046948,0.0001036946,0.00003551007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001450147,0.0002075897,0.00005013017,0.0001332126,0.0001349932,0.0002426855,0.000003218634,0.0002131048,0.0000137043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001088253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008263678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008510793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003374532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990709,0.00003892597,0.0002839103,0.0002739904,0.00010228,0.0002299563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999484,0.0001446973,0.00004480283,0.0002369634,0.00001828871,0.00007124321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002988263,0.0002581963,0.00007132726,0.000421445,0.0003311391,0.000001994719,0.0006930142,0.1471374,0.200129,0.05679919,0.00003268726,0.5940948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007020866,0.001188696,0.0003527247,0.003185503,0.001658732,0.003092466,0.06667344,0.1277167,0.570975,0.07689622,0.1328803,0.008359296],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08293018,0.0008038004,0.9137234,0.00001353299,0.0001501893,0.000791753,0.0001436186,0.0004220222,0.001021526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975809,0.0003656627,0.0008885957,0.0000277766,0.00008836229,0.0007724995,0.000004936539,0.00003473978,0.0002364642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9146508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8465263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099286176","doi":"10.1109/newcas.2010.5603945","title":"A novel 10 ps resolution TDC architecture implemented in a 130nm process FPGA","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Field-programmable gate array; Computer science; Process (computing); Resolution (logic); Architecture; Computer hardware; Embedded system","authors":[{"name":"Marc-André Daigneault","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Pierre David","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01042149745548852,"gpt":0.2654455975046026,"spread":0.255024100049114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006679121,0.000122942,0.0001026536,0.0001367312,0.00003034936,0.00001243735,0.0001808361,0.00009811356,0.0003343789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005647987,0.0001038506,0.00001896475,0.0002549999,0.00003550442,0.00008750487,0.00004793476,0.0003482964,0.00001768121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002493782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008336005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001554215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006969989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993101,0.000002025043,0.0001664707,0.0001493478,0.00009813415,0.0002739404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997217,0.00001542623,0.00001690583,0.0002025361,0.00001974038,0.00002367386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001033166,0.000371888,0.003565655,0.0004142557,0.00009979706,0.00001901688,0.001170358,0.05870651,0.6556582,0.01218961,0.006962023,0.2607394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007061132,0.0004092372,0.01229823,0.0002258885,0.00004241199,0.0001204589,0.003604144,0.1605557,0.4400597,0.04548557,0.32767,0.002467495],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7405062,0.00007822572,0.233325,0.0004505716,0.0004230912,0.000487352,0.00002901459,0.002276664,0.0224238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804515,0.000008642002,0.01900676,0.0000296728,0.00003413318,0.00007047097,0.00001151273,0.00001826786,0.0003690196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.320708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4234904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031801696","doi":"10.1109/cicc.2013.6658551","title":"A 5GS/s 4-bit time-based single-channel CMOS ADC for radio astronomy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Effective number of bits; Spurious-free dynamic range; CMOS; Successive approximation ADC; Analog-to-digital converter; Figure of merit; Electronic engineering; Physics; 12-bit; Electrical engineering; Sampling (signal processing); Voltage; Engineering; Capacitor; Optoelectronics; Detector","authors":[{"name":"Andrew R. Macpherson","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.W. Haslett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leonid Belostotski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01233437115746067,"gpt":0.1887858941237042,"spread":0.1764515229662436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003024886,0.0001514668,0.0001434912,0.00006740919,0.00004265033,0.0000305898,0.0001709173,0.00007483052,0.0005602482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002185369,0.0001335814,0.00005466931,0.00007267621,0.00003612205,0.0001681483,0.00002514825,0.00007227361,0.0003560522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005813754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000625263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004417303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001027347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993328,0.000002458729,0.0001511385,0.0001472587,0.00006086712,0.0003054491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996302,0.00005771335,0.00001921127,0.0002231498,0.00002986909,0.00003981745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003314676,0.000267257,0.0002979694,0.0002384331,0.0002612376,0.000002667098,0.00009400271,0.1188994,0.05283497,0.002325885,0.23154,0.593205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002018936,0.0004228065,0.00009386288,0.00005938386,0.00003239305,0.0000025751,0.0002802336,0.4270191,0.1844887,0.005563394,0.3791932,0.0008254387],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01457091,0.0001241939,0.9734665,0.0002829907,0.0002099781,0.0006192807,0.0000114836,0.00186232,0.008852347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7252076,0.000004233288,0.2684587,0.0001503139,0.00009418502,0.0007273605,0.00003041604,0.00006698944,0.005260184],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7106367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6134325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996194487","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2015.2402218","title":"A 0.41 pJ/Bit 10 Gb/s Hybrid 2 IIR and 1 Discrete-Time DFE Tap in 28 nm-LP CMOS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Infinite impulse response; Electronic engineering; Computer science; CMOS; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Bandwidth (computing); Telecommunications; Digital filter","authors":[{"name":"Shayan Shahramian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Chan Carusone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02070358841723818,"gpt":0.2593329889042551,"spread":0.2386294004870169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004162504,0.0002815369,0.0005124605,0.0003264292,0.00004534309,0.00005369402,0.0003622142,0.00009358698,0.00004420264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001592419,0.0002501346,0.00007641548,0.0002263916,0.0001242163,0.0005930663,0.00005908072,0.0005109725,0.00006509069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001917343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005852552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003401106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004682477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981837,0.00003057692,0.0007464906,0.0001881178,0.0003633846,0.0004877291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991071,0.00006439281,0.0002323655,0.0002344754,0.0001421367,0.0002195806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003734095,0.0007891177,0.01493536,0.0008071941,0.001390111,0.007263954,0.006365915,0.2323625,0.1565715,0.0002397915,0.1192179,0.4596832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03572112,0.005703303,0.01707876,0.004767578,0.0008034999,0.009690305,0.005518528,0.09996187,0.4047127,0.1054214,0.3023552,0.008265773],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886038,0.001792268,0.006002033,0.0001572247,0.0009154883,0.0002173407,0.00007006306,0.0002022959,0.002039472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975596,0.0008886901,0.0005049757,0.0000507433,0.0001796612,0.00001031072,0.000002622243,0.00005496726,0.0007484459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4514175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017417353","doi":"10.1109/icecs.2013.6815376","title":"Highly-linear voltage-to-time converter (VTC) circuit for time-based analog-to-digital converters (T-ADCs)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Zewail City of Science and Technology","keywords":"Converters; Electronic engineering; CMOS; Linearity; Computer science; Voltage; Analog-to-digital converter; Successive approximation ADC; Sample and hold; Integrating ADC; Digital-to-analog converter; Electrical engineering; Capacitor; Boost converter; Engineering; Buck–boost converter","authors":[{"name":"Hassan Mostafa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yehea Ismail","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01034228713585351,"gpt":0.2093835737530952,"spread":0.1990412866172417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005591054,0.0003200183,0.0003414524,0.0002326586,0.00006351355,0.0001010102,0.00042637,0.0001449334,0.001503564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006942765,0.0002869696,0.0001058904,0.0002583054,0.00006503482,0.0003760188,0.00007716264,0.0001182944,0.0094187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001006809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001599692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009891331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001045746,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985473,0.000003943496,0.000326111,0.0003644356,0.000176765,0.0005814538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991083,0.0001170425,0.00002842734,0.0004596116,0.0001009397,0.0001856904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007898449,0.0002161908,0.00159875,0.0002975967,0.0005344342,0.00001648265,0.0002224755,0.01677118,0.1192073,0.001760007,0.5476062,0.3116903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002118125,0.0006568701,0.0004247741,0.00008206295,0.00004735908,0.000004039128,0.0001508592,0.7444597,0.05859846,0.002376872,0.18961,0.001470887],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04033801,0.00002549321,0.943932,0.0006775372,0.0004594248,0.001616381,0.000154414,0.003005135,0.009791632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976088,0.00000274694,0.009220953,0.00199284,0.00009033416,0.0004181953,0.00009785957,0.0001018226,0.01198719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9357501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074853895","doi":"10.1049/ip-cdt:20045063","title":"High-resolution flash time-to-digital conversion and calibration for system-on-chip testing","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Jitter; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Flash (photography); Chip; Time-to-digital converter; CMOS; Computer hardware; Engineering; Clock signal","authors":[{"name":"Peter M. Levine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gordon W. Roberts","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009977435183330746,"gpt":0.2021272247279264,"spread":0.1921497895445956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004715024,0.0001852441,0.0001680661,0.0001391199,0.00009825469,0.0004076425,0.00009395476,0.00008945097,4.185472e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004112436,0.0001748333,0.00002113534,0.0001155049,0.00004812901,0.001034924,0.00009184292,0.00007321773,0.000006364798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008824804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003083936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.702329e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.941949e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992688,5.952022e-7,0.0001885603,0.0002435837,0.00009522734,0.000203238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999727,0.00005444233,0.0000440221,0.00005341134,0.00005800953,0.0000631858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000762476,0.00005741794,0.000704852,0.0007278425,0.00004553389,0.000001986538,0.0001329213,0.0009294259,0.008597737,0.01045649,0.02554759,0.952722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009445597,0.001932923,0.0001861207,0.001425991,0.00002994302,0.00008433936,0.0002038224,0.803371,0.1083011,0.00446398,0.07784481,0.001211481],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6804616,0.0001417577,0.300072,0.0003649263,0.0001765054,0.001491294,0.0001287929,0.008829301,0.008333823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9334948,0.000007324754,0.06615785,0.00004865606,0.0001267457,0.00005275712,0.00001380948,0.00002661477,0.0000714385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9515105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7129495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155089828","doi":"10.1109/ecce.2011.6064180","title":"Comparison of two methods for addressing DC component in phase-locked loop (PLL) systems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; PLL multibit; Control theory (sociology); Converters; Component (thermodynamics); Transient (computer programming); Computer science; SIGNAL (programming language); Electronic engineering; Filter (signal processing); Block (permutation group theory); DC bias; Loop (graph theory); Engineering; Voltage; Physics; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Phase noise","authors":[{"name":"Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Ali Khajehoddin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Praveen Jain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alireza Bakhshai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2310894209202713,"gpt":0.4637215212273236,"spread":0.2326321003070523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002124259,0.0001255914,0.0003684187,0.0001269879,0.00002369037,0.000007172594,0.0001812652,0.00006361618,0.00002376143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002814052,0.000110012,0.00003651871,0.0001238546,0.00004824679,0.0000827465,0.000042965,0.00009905543,0.000001912615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004352815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003820999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004653625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009139454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991571,0.00002292573,0.0004206403,0.0001248221,0.00006162912,0.0002128363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995782,0.0001025459,0.00006528628,0.0002049047,0.0000273551,0.00002170156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000143045,0.001049098,0.009348949,0.001324718,0.0002488864,0.000003846083,0.002099878,0.03714944,0.3179674,0.0327277,0.001095008,0.596842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001686841,0.0001228999,0.00008706729,0.0001415567,0.00001915275,0.000001183149,0.00152405,0.5011337,0.4913538,0.001140698,0.002579183,0.0002099362],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1320789,0.00131879,0.8612475,0.000003400849,0.0004294333,0.0003554772,0.000006241984,0.0003942492,0.004166023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7212481,0.00001350519,0.2786006,0.000002279628,0.00001154483,0.00005577377,0.000004427639,0.00001499722,0.00004876295],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.596632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4486158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}