{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1060,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":5,"predictions_cover":1060,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"e6ddc7a62fc4","filters":{"topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production"}},"results":[{"id":"W2023211216","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.030","title":"A critical review on inhibition of anaerobic digestion process by excess ammonia","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1263,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Ammonia; Anaerobic digestion; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Anaerobic exercise; Waste management; Raw material; Environmental science; Methane; Biochemistry; Biology; Organic chemistry; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02294496672186485,"gpt":0.2906293501125026,"spread":0.2676843833906377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001643733,0.0004967756,0.001340217,0.000607515,0.00005188185,0.0000189366,0.0003060391,0.0009557659,0.00008057143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002657713,0.0004142937,0.0002056535,0.00111123,0.0003221156,0.00009115499,0.00004612215,0.0006458029,0.0002404114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001377031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003694445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000473394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.305612e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980871,0.00006360518,0.000779834,0.0004905658,0.0002263919,0.0003524874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989675,0.00004718206,0.0002305219,0.0005358118,0.000141209,0.00007782513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001672158,0.0001005863,9.064118e-7,0.03470087,0.00004892052,0.000003925298,0.000005332432,0.000003779392,0.00007366824,0.005194126,0.01552321,0.944343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007350845,0.0001415169,6.027509e-7,0.04229073,0.0002823394,0.00004485342,0.000008404132,0.000004476927,0.0005369371,0.0001145775,0.9561269,0.0003751835],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001876293,0.9967616,0.0001432364,0.0003636756,0.0002069645,0.0009943912,0.00005079162,0.001017886,0.0002738272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005585533,0.9983251,0.0001626604,0.00003924799,0.00007994413,0.0004022886,0.0002363717,0.00008409589,0.0001117201],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9439678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2483561765","doi":"10.2166/wst.2016.336","title":"Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":988,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Standardization; Blank; Biogas; Test (biology); Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Process engineering; Statistics; Operations research; Environmental science; Mathematics; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00534817617648202,"gpt":0.2133450046926803,"spread":0.2079968285161983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002063165,0.00005643055,0.00007359635,0.0006926269,0.00003802199,0.000008461535,0.0002007143,0.00006636654,0.00004062304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003613225,0.00003110559,0.00001403854,0.0008484227,0.0005640902,0.00018313,0.00005319604,0.00002966935,0.00003027179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005376044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002140548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002205789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001021401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993897,0.000003164678,0.0001131553,0.0001490988,0.0001497176,0.0001951659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996775,0.00000103622,0.00001448878,0.0001781993,0.0001044967,0.00002427543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000171781,0.000005612948,0.0001001447,0.000001811258,0.000001673172,7.635069e-7,0.0000256831,0.0001690881,0.960178,0.004214593,0.00003143866,0.0352695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001130491,0.00005351276,0.0002902226,0.000009184461,0.000002585315,0.0000140001,0.00001573342,0.00006616829,0.9912743,0.00183746,0.006267825,0.00005599065],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.684821,0.00003569432,0.3106757,0.002627783,0.0006078565,0.00008158829,0.000004863458,0.0005582167,0.0005873214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980778,0.00002877933,0.001768664,0.000004206502,0.00001848591,0.000003461922,7.580203e-7,0.000004652666,0.00009326574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3132567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2078414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989500698","doi":"10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.02.004","title":"Advances in fermentative biohydrogen production: the way forward?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Trends in biotechnology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":562,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Biochemical engineering; Energy carrier; Renewable energy; Fossil fuel; Biofuel; Hydrogen production; Fermentative hydrogen production; Environmental science; Metabolic engineering; Production (economics); Dark fermentation; Process engineering; Biotechnology; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Waste management; Engineering; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02387709890082816,"gpt":0.3118621370865435,"spread":0.2879850381857153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000189808,0.000332462,0.0006983367,0.001176321,0.00003613977,0.00001085898,0.0003388905,0.000636131,0.00004566252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002320978,0.0002290359,0.0001244822,0.002118643,0.0001751625,0.0001121021,0.00003909073,0.000744748,0.00005116152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000277812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001488608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005242437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001452017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986443,0.00006066355,0.0004640872,0.0004260707,0.0000912911,0.0003135676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994493,0.00001457176,0.0000954917,0.0004135794,0.000008887463,0.0000182057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001479135,0.00002453203,8.792404e-7,0.0001594597,0.00001503713,0.000006304595,0.00003287498,0.000108888,0.000002573928,0.003841826,0.0004686043,0.9953375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008455644,0.00004291795,0.000006850291,0.0007571045,0.00003978499,0.00006114464,0.00003844923,0.000008899233,0.0001799598,0.0003703092,0.99818,0.0002300414],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001759524,0.9951141,0.00002131318,0.001173265,0.0006998946,0.0002920913,0.000006534094,0.000386678,0.002288546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003687865,0.9987319,0.000161925,0.00001103675,0.0001250265,0.0001121278,0.00006876616,0.00002822649,0.0003921884],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9977114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9339812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079535773","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.12.080","title":"Fermentative hydrogen production: Principles, progress, and prognosis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":545,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Dark fermentation; Fermentative hydrogen production; Biochemical engineering; Fermentation; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Biohydrogen; Renewable energy; Energy carrier; Yield (engineering); Production (economics); Chemistry; Process engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Biology; Food science; Ecology; Organic chemistry; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01254927622735573,"gpt":0.2394515762661164,"spread":0.2269023000387606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000140131,0.0001251375,0.0001338607,0.0001759945,0.00003485162,0.00004062396,0.0001769281,0.00004525609,0.00002985004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002026448,0.0001100684,0.00006637288,0.0001058823,0.00005728242,0.0003431124,0.0000177378,0.00009788886,0.000003101346],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009551809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002635302,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002690798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002953875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990353,0.00002100445,0.0003459066,0.0001280344,0.0003476935,0.0001220791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994597,0.000005200821,0.0001458034,0.00006493495,0.0002410607,0.0000833424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006371324,0.001431499,0.02021131,0.00002965057,0.003446293,0.0006828163,0.002049503,0.07752044,0.1132827,0.1225671,0.01417881,0.6439629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001267516,0.0006142349,0.01163651,0.0001888825,0.0001135966,0.003316711,0.0002067834,0.001875002,0.7170449,0.004097791,0.2591027,0.0005353756],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910923,0.002155638,0.0002536781,0.004508699,0.0009697965,0.00007067461,0.000003574083,0.00008799605,0.0008576035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972802,0.0008303088,0.0007493909,0.0001157927,0.0007692375,0.000004051854,0.000009284686,0.00001209302,0.0002295908],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6434275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4488459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979754465","doi":"10.1002/jctb.2622","title":"Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of solid organic substrates: evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability using data from an international interlaboratory study","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":544,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Biotechnology Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Biodegradation; Methane; Cellulose; Chemistry; Anaerobic exercise; Starch; Biomass (ecology); Substrate (aquarium); Food science; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Biology; Agronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06235666869463804,"gpt":0.3159298441483609,"spread":0.2535731754537229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009668541,0.0002145005,0.0005521172,0.0007332658,0.00001388154,0.000004646532,0.001398299,0.000852755,0.0001751497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005080701,0.0001979599,0.00007646481,0.0007718736,0.0006456174,0.0003396574,0.0002647855,0.0007108493,0.000002010037],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001680066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000133493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001822479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006597392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978744,0.00007630087,0.001082326,0.0003669992,0.0003966365,0.0002033476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976543,0.0000176053,0.0005798815,0.0009084962,0.000780837,0.00005889608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099791,0.0007126082,0.00109529,0.000006885312,0.0003525553,0.000006837355,0.00007412977,0.00002520007,0.9928936,0.0001379729,0.000029863,0.004565244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008764919,0.0003688658,0.0005515547,0.00003628977,0.0003446725,0.00008352342,0.001117446,0.002639988,0.9923962,0.001410862,0.00002556947,0.0001485469],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960812,0.0005138666,0.002229661,0.0001833136,0.0005792579,0.0001829382,0.00007096928,0.000150139,0.00000869822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902233,0.00008854172,0.009539696,0.000004989349,0.00007904621,0.00000194727,0.00004007466,0.00002205892,2.853283e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007310035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8072569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2617020938","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.075","title":"A critical review on inhibition of dark biohydrogen fermentation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":416,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Western University; University of Alberta; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Dark fermentation; Fermentation; Chemistry; Substrate (aquarium); Biochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Hydrogen; Biology; Organic chemistry; Hydrogen production; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05238941371434721,"gpt":0.3224810085082224,"spread":0.2700915947938752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008319491,0.0004569027,0.002011403,0.0002437918,0.0001819739,0.00006878835,0.0001555001,0.0002485237,0.00005210824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003297996,0.0003565884,0.0003801958,0.0002979529,0.00009531551,0.000270388,0.00006269894,0.0001572721,0.00001634205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001652511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001038297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001100184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005333097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978795,0.0001931213,0.0009499557,0.000407158,0.0001760973,0.0003941747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987692,0.00004012355,0.0003379779,0.0006080656,0.0001235069,0.0001211826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001618282,0.00002937549,6.545604e-8,0.1313872,0.00004405951,0.00001456028,0.000004361562,0.00001777533,0.000003775704,0.0138659,0.02141404,0.8332173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006443068,0.00006437625,6.089023e-8,0.06756641,0.0005149658,0.00002845662,0.000009259225,0.000004648667,0.00003317014,0.0003509758,0.9310632,0.0002999995],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[3.808041e-7,0.989979,0.0002377392,0.00004902775,0.0001803916,0.0006638009,0.00001058597,0.00007009174,0.008808963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001068841,0.9932303,0.00007245067,0.00008549062,0.0001581932,0.0002848975,0.0002840219,0.00005286607,0.005821086],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9096492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010907899","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117494","title":"A critical review of pretreatment technologies to enhance anaerobic digestion and energy recovery","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":415,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Erciyes Üniversitesi","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Biochemical engineering; Biogas production; Resource recovery; Methane; Digestion (alchemy); Yield (engineering); Substrate (aquarium); Process (computing); Process engineering; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Waste management; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Biology; Chromatography; Wastewater; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01828560858617402,"gpt":0.2840131099359173,"spread":0.2657275013497433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006887539,0.0002493256,0.000831659,0.0001100536,0.00001582374,0.00001397349,0.0001067565,0.000175865,0.00001750901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003269929,0.0002061819,0.0001260808,0.0003551707,0.00004333182,0.00006915056,0.00005606105,0.000134257,0.00002708846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001011248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000321292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004300625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001989262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990618,0.00003147132,0.0003688304,0.0002968335,0.0001027872,0.0001382527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995551,0.00004636354,0.00005838207,0.0002412088,0.00004387498,0.00005512993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[9.793976e-7,0.00001096415,6.014051e-8,0.04495665,0.00004036346,0.000003488052,0.00000381442,0.000001290518,0.000002504844,0.002671887,0.00264749,0.9496605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001161677,0.0001085154,4.725504e-7,0.05563765,0.0002152923,0.000018016,0.000002925005,0.000001611278,0.00005134117,0.00008238645,0.9437014,0.0001687419],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[2.17264e-7,0.9972446,0.0007930392,0.0004719522,0.0002810666,0.0002252118,0.00002974409,0.0003477323,0.0006064204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002610986,0.9981205,0.001405466,0.00004593405,0.00005750698,0.0001246717,0.00005227998,0.00002779535,0.0001397399],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9494917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8407853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943193170","doi":"10.3390/w11050921","title":"Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Assay Method for Anaerobic Digestion Research","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":381,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochemical engineering; Comparability; Anaerobic digestion; Standardization; Methane; Digestion (alchemy); Computer science; Key (lock); Process (computing); Environmental science; Engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Mathematics; Chromatography; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02253003953084844,"gpt":0.299653403745393,"spread":0.2771233642145445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001146046,0.0001045587,0.0001226863,0.0001350728,0.00004172268,0.00003938791,0.0001022504,0.000136239,0.0002710627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003038678,0.00007674104,0.00006746653,0.0001100468,0.00002527962,0.0001200772,0.00003152479,0.0001886989,0.0005780048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006840815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007241557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001676225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001122544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989949,0.00007702126,0.0001443361,0.0002435834,0.0001886305,0.0003515161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995862,0.00003288267,0.000008123307,0.0002020061,0.0001087813,0.00006206878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003398277,0.00001888069,0.00001894789,0.00002612677,0.00002523237,8.84414e-7,0.00006930483,0.00179733,0.9826132,0.002245927,0.01006862,0.003081575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003334183,0.00006971465,0.0001275195,0.0000115391,0.00001281094,0.000009039748,0.00003386281,0.004285441,0.8829324,0.0006357115,0.1114058,0.0001427219],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8270864,0.0001846444,0.1619416,0.002651313,0.003120732,0.001130875,0.00001597409,0.0006296572,0.003238748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788687,0.00001676055,0.01592555,0.0000313918,0.0003693572,0.00004037226,0.000155436,0.00003280828,0.004559587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1517823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7429275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173984669","doi":"10.1139/a10-011","title":"Anaerobic digestion from the viewpoint of microbiological, chemical, and operational aspects — a review","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Reviews","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":360,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Methanogenesis; Biochemical engineering; Acetogenesis; Anaerobic digestion; Process (computing); Anaerobic exercise; Biology; Environmental science; Ecology; Computer science; Methane; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02253342610094059,"gpt":0.2457859308729337,"spread":0.2232525047719931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004019754,0.0004138794,0.001366732,0.00002434572,0.00005649796,0.00002042331,0.0002508004,0.0002485718,0.0002891231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008131455,0.0002363006,0.0003546755,0.0001092219,0.0002116943,0.00007155332,0.0000823725,0.0005440201,0.0002672297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008471265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001497854,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003532777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001483554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983089,0.0001722468,0.0008656283,0.0003783854,0.0001190481,0.0001557826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991575,0.00008231324,0.0002532383,0.0004371183,0.000001322914,0.00006845209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.572842e-7,0.00003300798,0.000001449193,0.001761397,0.00003706439,6.004675e-7,0.00000654493,1.097584e-7,0.001264717,0.00009601605,0.006816308,0.9899823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004315425,0.00001629529,0.0000142597,0.01504461,0.0003836278,0.00003267334,0.000001324746,7.919205e-7,0.00007591955,0.00001475247,0.9841415,0.0002310951],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004231286,0.9979784,0.00001662019,0.000131861,0.0002239561,0.001376427,0.00007418418,0.00003550782,0.0001207154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001642909,0.9975745,0.0006703458,0.0002927994,0.000194181,0.0001528932,0.00101956,0.00003256396,0.00004673933],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9897512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9636058,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971778088","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.008","title":"Use of biochars in anaerobic digestion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":350,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Projektträger Jülich","keywords":"Biochar; Hydrothermal carbonization; Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Chemistry; Methane; Carbon fibers; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Ammonia; Pyrolysis; Fermentation; Bioenergy; Biomass (ecology); Manure; Ammonium; Food science; Environmental chemistry; Waste management; Carbonization; Adsorption; Agronomy; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Biology; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01192418112303935,"gpt":0.1919883124596508,"spread":0.1800641313366114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008419114,0.00008784624,0.0001268574,0.000516438,0.00001302317,0.000005329384,0.00009558194,0.0001887677,0.00001095717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078891,0.00008748387,0.00002206234,0.0005301013,0.0001085622,0.00005188653,0.00002204074,0.0001140881,0.00002220408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003075726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003046458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002529483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002275527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994732,0.00001295256,0.000174837,0.0001345387,0.00005414189,0.0001503764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996979,0.00001237496,0.00003061182,0.0002187533,0.00002024596,0.00002014635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003821632,0.0001746724,0.07373106,0.00005644335,0.000039998,0.000005515418,0.0001921789,0.02017171,0.4691483,0.2581744,0.003460091,0.1748074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088587,0.0003544264,0.1087333,0.0001515536,0.00002371117,0.00003300216,0.0001781335,0.008925904,0.4056592,0.00182508,0.4726021,0.0006278292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968845,0.00009997188,0.001677513,0.000405293,0.0001180752,0.00008037737,0.000001885034,0.0005386764,0.0001936995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984667,0.00004393887,0.001363971,0.00001596459,0.00002204123,0.000006597469,0.000007848627,0.00001355898,0.00005933047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.469142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3567489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093559463","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.09.027","title":"Hydrogen production from the fermentation of corn stover biomass pretreated with a steam-explosion process","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":347,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","keywords":"Corn stover; Hemicellulose; Fermentation; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Steam explosion; Biomass (ecology); Fermentative hydrogen production; Hydrogen production; Raw material; Lignocellulosic biomass; Dark fermentation; Carbon dioxide; Waste management; Hydrogen; Lignin; Agronomy; Biohydrogen; Food science; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006516429969979257,"gpt":0.207807227713421,"spread":0.2012907977434418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000108342,0.0001229251,0.0001308465,0.0001302163,0.00003242567,0.00002060078,0.0002170385,0.00004640029,0.00003623156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001428608,0.00008188702,0.00006577044,0.0001802468,0.00005071516,0.0003351353,0.00001197031,0.00007858856,0.000002353928],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001152428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003381232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002171992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008453029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988484,0.00003273,0.0003914734,0.0001192239,0.0005150859,0.00009310296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991421,0.00001212219,0.0002975592,0.0001004273,0.0004187539,0.00002902703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006217076,0.0003749195,0.01563407,0.00001132281,0.001007552,0.00003589274,0.0004221939,0.2863034,0.6878091,0.001450785,0.001635634,0.004693492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007019663,0.0001363616,0.004835397,0.0001033089,0.00008237732,0.0001617404,0.0001551895,0.001412364,0.9891616,0.00130651,0.001812262,0.0001309234],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969869,0.000303016,0.001524047,0.0003438581,0.0005090615,0.00006020534,0.00001518384,0.00003727163,0.0002204517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990329,0.00007406338,0.00009790748,0.00002321196,0.0005616777,0.000004919918,0.00007803823,0.00002008819,0.0001071572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3013526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3339256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923095658","doi":"10.3390/en12061106","title":"A Review on Anaerobic Co-Digestion with a Focus on the Microbial Populations and the Effect of Multi-Stage Digester Configuration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energies","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":344,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Bioenergy; Digestion (alchemy); Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Population; Waste management; Bioreactor; Methanosaeta; Methane; Environmental science; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Biology; Engineering; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04775146957602548,"gpt":0.3004012117287534,"spread":0.252649742152728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004219933,0.0003621811,0.0008375157,0.000101379,0.0001015613,0.00005002973,0.0001360382,0.0001298022,0.00002282431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007578657,0.0001567442,0.0001826676,0.0002011712,0.0001463269,0.00007251101,0.00001330965,0.0002869166,0.00003588885],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005411156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002268868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002786391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002201525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987422,0.0003604125,0.0003699466,0.000243069,0.0001455005,0.0001389193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989871,0.000311242,0.0002268931,0.0004210698,0.00003149687,0.00002224774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003201301,0.0000825478,0.00001559394,0.05094302,0.0008147722,0.00000461352,0.0003066368,0.02280185,0.00007343838,0.114472,0.01253106,0.7976343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008144896,0.0003895349,0.00003231331,0.03956476,0.0009127904,0.00001909989,0.00001107509,0.00005623227,0.0003817834,0.000004547982,0.9574713,0.0003421503],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003767013,0.9964268,0.00005985644,0.0002566246,0.0002750194,0.001899288,0.00003393292,0.00009821061,0.0005736133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003007222,0.9957693,0.00002611216,0.00005932124,0.00008373945,0.0001857371,0.000168054,0.0000438164,0.0006566873],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9449401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6391842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2248091142","doi":"10.2166/wst.2005.0494","title":"Fundamentals of the fermentative production of hydrogen","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":337,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Fermentation; Fermentative hydrogen production; Hydrogenase; Hydrogen; Thermophile; Chemistry; Hydrogen production; Sugar; Biochemical engineering; Mesophile; Biochemistry; Enzyme; Biohydrogen; Organic chemistry; Bacteria; Biology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007400328690099878,"gpt":0.216723549034513,"spread":0.2093232203444131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000152729,0.00004599387,0.00006166043,0.0002032133,0.00005292723,0.000003046093,0.0002254644,0.00003246484,0.00001816746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001123074,0.00002695984,0.00001649647,0.0005901628,0.0007759214,0.0001441173,0.00005895422,0.00004993434,0.00001207769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005617563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001048776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002643728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000327541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995174,0.000004262319,0.0001219958,0.0001171198,0.0001143916,0.000124821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997299,6.673175e-7,0.00002568322,0.0001906536,0.00004347253,0.000009576602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[9.659108e-7,0.00001465393,0.000643682,0.000002497129,0.000002753671,2.922721e-8,0.000365785,0.001937083,0.9902079,0.002257359,0.00004160446,0.004525671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003986642,0.00002284216,0.0004227341,0.000006236492,0.000003150567,0.000007286656,0.0002183522,0.00008249738,0.9954592,0.0004066327,0.003298975,0.00003221876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967521,0.00002893444,0.0001024786,0.002114972,0.0002875234,0.0001092343,5.809202e-7,0.00008986349,0.000514303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993398,0.00001086853,0.0003824494,0.000009866412,0.00001657578,0.000005475484,3.558141e-7,0.000002911027,0.0002317111],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005251292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2858915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905165195","doi":"10.1007/s12649-018-00546-0","title":"Biogas Production from Organic Waste: Recent Progress and Perspectives","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":327,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Digestate; Biogas; Waste management; Anaerobic digestion; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Biodegradable waste; Raw material; Greenhouse gas; Methane; Biomass (ecology); Biofuel; Engineering; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01345218437051872,"gpt":0.2072463541556056,"spread":0.1937941697850869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007935543,0.0001315712,0.00009582559,0.0001008252,0.0001236863,0.00006651406,0.00003521768,0.00007949297,0.00004678346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000246931,0.0001170191,0.000012255,0.0003261919,0.0001388635,0.000262886,0.00002252227,0.00004739964,0.00001835558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003880727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009357633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009218978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993029,0.00002095715,0.0001366532,0.0002991603,0.0001073934,0.000132977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999649,0.000004113952,0.00003697362,0.0001208979,0.0001327223,0.00005624358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008952627,0.0001242245,0.007307564,0.00005438428,0.0001527516,0.000002151816,0.004188894,0.00001913616,0.8923137,0.007650873,0.003635197,0.08446156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008843961,0.000436546,0.01276017,0.0001138626,0.0001262149,0.00002823966,0.006861726,0.002327121,0.9366049,0.001133262,0.03805497,0.0006685797],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936698,0.001455284,0.001671915,0.001239052,0.001158413,0.000217102,0.000007124903,0.0002838208,0.0002974541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962628,0.001692827,0.0005051998,0.00000975177,0.001285374,0.000007076831,0.00006724706,0.00002056175,0.0001491745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08379298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042721530","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.059","title":"Model selection, identification and validation in anaerobic digestion: A review","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":318,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Biochemical engineering; Identification (biology); Process (computing); Biogas production; Biogas; Computer science; Selection (genetic algorithm); Process modeling; Field (mathematics); Management science; Risk analysis (engineering); Engineering; Work in process; Machine learning; Ecology; Waste management; Mathematics; Operations management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1634648466832455,"gpt":0.3755279664953964,"spread":0.212063119812151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001834769,0.0002215149,0.0005049454,0.0006159282,0.00009192092,0.00007772389,0.0001669434,0.0002195483,0.00009458294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004739414,0.0001662431,0.00007226978,0.000654814,0.00006008955,0.0002548468,0.00005673154,0.000615314,0.0003216317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002406563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005132246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002814108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001550036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981822,0.0002606815,0.0005485327,0.0004100759,0.0002484373,0.0003500691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994366,0.00000895064,0.00003810069,0.0002776977,0.0001651992,0.00007346369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003743313,0.00006433423,0.000007228097,0.04389225,0.00005960204,0.000003304841,0.0002212991,0.0002905327,0.0001249149,0.004146541,0.009911935,0.9412743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005453877,0.00001731352,0.00000623849,0.01176652,0.00006786363,0.00002922843,0.000003579492,0.0004366392,0.0001446718,0.0003257018,0.9869143,0.0002333486],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002862967,0.9978859,0.0002706559,0.00007686932,0.0001188592,0.0009999535,0.00000412767,0.0001331085,0.0004818465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00043216,0.9970218,0.0001111347,0.00000508141,0.00008542173,0.0003476,0.0002864817,0.00004817126,0.001662164],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9770024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6779199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080011247","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2011.10.019","title":"Biogas prediction and design of a food waste to energy system for the urban environment","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":295,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Garbage; Food waste; Waste management; Electricity; Bioenergy; Biodegradable waste; Environmental science; Digestion (alchemy); Municipal solid waste; Process (computing); Engineering; Process engineering; Biofuel; Computer science; Chemistry; Methane","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01779003015749896,"gpt":0.1562047649217679,"spread":0.1384147347642689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001041139,0.0000964201,0.00009977512,0.00006245517,0.00005318529,0.000007546969,0.00006754455,0.00005255901,0.000008056546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004410932,0.00007358484,0.00002924954,0.00007629269,0.00002098929,0.00004878213,0.00001774581,0.0000145301,6.143728e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004713017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006646703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005917232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003299133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994832,0.00001742185,0.0001511813,0.0001402045,0.00007711616,0.0001309225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999709,0.00002085797,0.00002995846,0.0001711782,0.00001533278,0.00005367857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005083937,0.00002352265,0.00001947321,0.00002199221,0.00009938955,2.678402e-7,0.0002002199,0.9242762,0.02978629,0.03832651,0.004041165,0.003154081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003992745,0.0006450377,0.00005695157,0.00005647582,0.00007910015,0.00001070319,0.0006353561,0.04793993,0.8091298,0.0002299142,0.140635,0.0001824596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002567371,0.001054209,0.9949152,0.00002055665,0.0003875591,0.0001320884,0.00001540544,0.0001153326,0.0007922684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964435,0.0003970256,0.002090784,0.00001441828,0.0001501469,0.0001071032,0.000006714994,0.00001998757,0.0007702833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9938762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3000703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989905549","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.008","title":"Athermal microwave effects for enhancing digestibility of waste activated sludge","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":291,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BIOCAP Canada","keywords":"Mesophile; Chemistry; Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Biodegradation; Chemical oxygen demand; Pulp and paper industry; Methane; Activated sludge; Biopolymer; Bioreactor; Food science; Waste management; Sewage treatment; Organic chemistry; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03136431019781945,"gpt":0.307232143869567,"spread":0.2758678336717476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002171375,0.00008375075,0.0001153261,0.0001457989,0.00006866905,0.00001530894,0.0001009797,0.0000802935,0.00001794494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009594504,0.00006205907,0.00004473995,0.0001505993,0.00007199743,0.00008952115,0.00003889735,0.000186628,0.00002806789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008848471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001008933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002704658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003202079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989339,0.00005004379,0.0001819506,0.000175545,0.0002030029,0.0004555771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994877,0.00007592885,0.000009705841,0.0001930694,0.0001648882,0.00006871314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009177004,0.00003217593,0.00008385355,0.0001777423,0.00001603997,0.000001856811,0.0004067604,0.0001484592,0.9912232,0.0002249947,0.0002042955,0.007388873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002527602,0.0001330361,0.0003959474,0.00003365858,0.000003129047,0.000001721599,0.0000840471,0.00008633416,0.9963973,0.0001224428,0.002418554,0.00007105441],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901091,0.00004028294,0.008155182,0.00005235675,0.0001979403,0.0004443571,0.000002262894,0.00008393747,0.0009145899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989534,0.000007201389,0.0003749111,0.000003985152,0.0001385085,0.00001437227,0.00001750382,0.00002076045,0.0004693462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008844321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2530695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145722651","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.018","title":"Influence of total solid and inoculum contents on performance of anaerobic reactors treating food waste","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":289,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universidad de Cádiz; Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine","keywords":"Acidogenesis; Food waste; Mesophile; Methane; Anaerobic digestion; Municipal solid waste; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Microbial consortium; Yield (engineering); Environmental science; Chemistry; Biodegradation; Food science; Microorganism; Materials science; Biology; Engineering; Bacteria; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008461641299762583,"gpt":0.18730985422532,"spread":0.1788482129255574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002051175,0.00006567001,0.0001103441,0.0001623225,0.0000207024,7.964061e-7,0.00004648541,0.00009193089,0.000002614861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000220382,0.00005972019,0.0000141005,0.000163403,0.0001521261,0.00002505577,0.00001715585,0.00007448605,0.000003618143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001134966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003079167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003700048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.061574e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996521,0.000003287213,0.0001273312,0.00008315581,0.00004844269,0.00008564053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998009,0.00000477509,0.00004294966,0.0001128568,0.00002410799,0.00001440325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007644094,0.0001592295,0.1671834,0.0001635309,0.0001537324,0.000007090198,0.0007069461,0.02237131,0.7592458,0.00928446,0.0004680091,0.04018012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004926931,0.001213011,0.06991667,0.0001410414,0.00001529773,0.00008489988,0.0003485919,0.001715021,0.9245045,0.00001461514,0.001344041,0.0002095862],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991672,0.0001088653,0.000004679227,0.00002133156,0.00002860354,0.0000493068,0.000002253386,0.0001259899,0.0004917399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997116,0.00009492505,0.0001099349,0.000003596132,0.00001108044,0.000002196711,0.000001324755,0.000007197626,0.00005816351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1652587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2435319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042667789","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2020.110037","title":"Review of biochar role as additive in anaerobic digestion processes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":285,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Anaerobic digestion; Raw material; Circular economy; Biomass (ecology); Biochemical engineering; Renewable energy; Carbonization; Waste management; Environmental science; Pyrolysis; Environmental economics; Computer science; Business; Engineering; Chemistry; Methane; Ecology; Biology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008976639795947787,"gpt":0.2148636168697292,"spread":0.2058869770737814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002760303,0.0001713328,0.0004386891,0.00008205189,0.00003957687,0.00001519532,0.00008579997,0.00006412024,0.0001006971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000345953,0.0001494231,0.0000491189,0.0008590498,0.00003204826,0.0002497965,0.00003496519,0.00006954442,0.000008998785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004706412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007273124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004683618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003872105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998956,0.00005665455,0.0004084669,0.0002338033,0.00008365767,0.0002614218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995371,0.00001583385,0.00008806464,0.0001291248,0.0001294809,0.0001003903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001704217,0.000411993,0.0005148842,0.2064275,0.0002075135,0.000135769,0.001985402,0.02299124,0.01896147,0.1076361,0.2371206,0.4034371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001329881,0.00008894946,0.00001023819,0.003227679,0.00002388288,0.000005648812,0.0003695078,0.00007880473,0.01128914,0.0002714583,0.9843322,0.0001694934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002177828,0.9889598,0.0006668899,0.000694375,0.00004209983,0.0004067359,0.000004088949,0.0001032786,0.006944867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05449476,0.9430042,0.0001245289,0.0008813021,0.0000775367,0.00008160241,0.00005989346,0.00001882229,0.001257346],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7472116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6093296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000739589","doi":"10.1002/ceat.201900452","title":"Biohydrogen Production Through Dark Fermentation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering & Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":283,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Dark fermentation; Biofuel; Biomass (ecology); Fermentation; Lignocellulosic biomass; Renewable energy; Hydrogen production; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Fermentative hydrogen production; Environmental science; Chemistry; Hydrogen; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Food science; Agronomy; Organic chemistry; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00914441645081477,"gpt":0.1915945876852097,"spread":0.1824501712343949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002331033,0.0001420345,0.0001282262,0.00007061607,0.00001934774,0.000009828519,0.0001209282,0.0001741623,0.00002013431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009266432,0.0001543502,0.0000333068,0.0005558085,0.00004134914,0.0001221277,0.00002899964,0.0002191844,0.00009705203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007268962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000508188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.27296e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.734332e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999339,0.000001812603,0.0001437099,0.0002390706,0.00007973796,0.0001966927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999773,0.000002766846,0.0000164908,0.000142965,0.0000241577,0.00004066023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003089781,0.000008303192,0.00001849557,0.00002708553,0.00002104259,0.000001701494,0.00005164608,0.01919947,0.9717664,0.004661703,0.002697253,0.001543834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001255624,0.0000213205,0.00001428273,0.00001249569,0.00001209172,0.00001910962,0.00002331268,0.006243067,0.9659367,0.0003305734,0.0270838,0.0001776932],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9447915,0.0004493149,0.03529965,0.01161387,0.0007720319,0.0002501102,0.000003462423,0.006331664,0.000488428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945623,0.00005010382,0.004983883,0.00007147318,0.0002285546,0.00002661542,0.00002651053,0.00003240953,0.00001820864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04977077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6294221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974028579","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.05.017","title":"Influence of initial pH on hydrogen production from cheese whey","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biotechnology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":279,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Fermentative hydrogen production; Lactose; Fermentation; Hydrogen production; Food science; Hydrogen; Yield (engineering); Sugar; Biohydrogen; Gompertz function; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007421869589517584,"gpt":0.2327168073926532,"spread":0.2252949378031356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001214321,0.00008003036,0.0001565251,0.0002465713,0.00001669887,0.000003239254,0.0001292633,0.0002055853,0.0000237915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009925723,0.00007025518,0.00004594452,0.0001683789,0.00007606477,0.0001527744,0.00001268924,0.0003028365,0.0000240952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006062079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001626312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006203173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007775014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993713,0.00001161358,0.0003163259,0.00008556007,0.0001173687,0.00009784807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996122,0.00000379448,0.0001521419,0.0001438319,0.00006120106,0.0000268732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003989577,0.00005378735,0.0000826315,0.00000355755,0.00004200077,0.00000366849,0.00006587851,0.06864901,0.911445,0.000607158,0.0006245182,0.01838285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002070516,0.0001801662,0.002068837,0.00003974939,0.00001542254,0.00006957781,0.00003386929,0.00007330172,0.9815836,0.000261449,0.01540209,0.00006489727],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958869,0.000203518,0.0000918306,0.003303688,0.0002865452,0.00004309227,0.000002554936,0.00007882465,0.0001030567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984866,0.0003777592,0.0006347499,0.00003775834,0.0004323055,6.215823e-7,0.000001266527,0.000008920119,0.00001998656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07013854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2864923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079829378","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.022","title":"Anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater and sludge","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":273,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Paper mill; Pulp and paper industry; Wastewater; Waste management; Pulp mill; Sewage treatment; Environmental science; Anaerobic exercise; Mill; Activated sludge; Pulp (tooth); Sewage sludge treatment; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Effluent; Methane; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05989181764360837,"gpt":0.3257664641085506,"spread":0.2658746464649423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009898925,0.0002324612,0.0006238529,0.0003622716,0.00007236011,0.0000623298,0.0001246534,0.0002601561,0.00008914045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002554998,0.0001434212,0.00007079841,0.0001488645,0.0001801556,0.0001223679,0.000129115,0.0004467604,0.00009046147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004800607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001292693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003623579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005767894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984689,0.0002029455,0.0003460272,0.0003328977,0.0002629303,0.0003862862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994705,0.00002395647,0.00002397773,0.0002910478,0.00008111291,0.0001094417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009971161,0.00003090056,0.00001187555,0.01981158,0.0001476749,0.000007666671,0.0002938207,0.00001226127,0.003086163,0.001436039,0.003627439,0.9715246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008872571,0.00006481848,0.00001276959,0.00151751,0.00004719209,0.00002839216,0.00001137538,0.000009022935,0.001008954,0.00007320123,0.9969647,0.000173329],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002825532,0.9956809,0.00001035662,0.00008153569,0.0001647458,0.0004935893,0.0000102715,0.00007345082,0.0006595846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007532558,0.9906542,0.00007757705,0.000003332847,0.0001559026,0.00004283133,0.0001069455,0.0000522317,0.001374419],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9933373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5848548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2009023009","doi":"10.1006/jaer.2000.0529","title":"High Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Methanogenesis; Manure; Total dissolved solids; Chemistry; Ammonia; Digestion (alchemy); Chicken manure; Methane; Organic matter; Biogas; Volatile suspended solids; Nitrogen; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Suspended solids; Agronomy; Environmental science; Chromatography; Environmental engineering; Biology; Wastewater; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.012728804461126,"gpt":0.2496908414446689,"spread":0.2369620369835428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000486778,0.0001277397,0.0002301507,0.0002354131,0.0000442205,0.00003488347,0.0002039,0.00009993628,0.0002359695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000622193,0.00008630623,0.0001000244,0.0005523318,0.00003506793,0.0003059152,0.0000131525,0.0005748834,0.00002881257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001215269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001591474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001300325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001440786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986866,0.00002907608,0.0004061408,0.00009265188,0.0005077338,0.0002778268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993359,0.0000404349,0.00005056169,0.0001071791,0.000347216,0.000118742],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002825371,0.0000547638,0.0000548668,0.00006348909,0.00009333013,0.00001182402,0.0001719199,0.7889522,0.195112,0.001093712,0.008376305,0.005987307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001852951,0.00147766,0.603626,0.001144384,0.00009097398,0.001030912,0.000651119,0.002680688,0.348803,0.0001806189,0.03760269,0.0008589977],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982073,0.0004421784,0.0001083454,0.000410474,0.0003833174,0.00008743333,0.000002662644,0.0000628066,0.0002955268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967518,0.0008336931,0.001158195,0.000002055251,0.0005357174,0.000002009343,0.000006990487,0.00001456031,0.0006949779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7862716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3519466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072202447","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.025","title":"Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of food waste and primary sludge: Influence of inoculum pre-incubation and inoculum source","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":257,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"GreenField Specialty Alcolhols (Canada); Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Food waste; Methane; Biodegradation; Wastewater; Anaerobic exercise; Food science; Incubation; Chemistry; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Biology; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003402077031496397,"gpt":0.1812943684871932,"spread":0.1778922914556968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001450174,0.0001341796,0.0002158054,0.0002836915,0.00002209537,0.000004262226,0.00009976916,0.0002987825,0.000003574542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006753129,0.0001316147,0.00002581933,0.0002901236,0.0003693866,0.00009902749,0.0001178269,0.0001550095,0.000001024949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002252701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006561306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008428191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.439301e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992422,0.00001733885,0.0002603204,0.0001646861,0.000108436,0.0002070529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999586,0.00001188449,0.00009402628,0.0001977142,0.00005262057,0.00005773892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002516628,0.00005380298,0.01305436,0.0001378675,0.00004972496,2.546883e-7,0.0002241938,0.000311405,0.9729183,0.002406825,0.00007413026,0.01074398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005116801,0.0002514207,0.02448614,0.00004581325,0.0000627048,0.00006769181,0.0004034038,0.0002429273,0.971638,0.0002499046,0.001829017,0.0002112512],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955029,0.002212543,0.001670433,0.0001222525,0.00005905758,0.0001469222,0.000006216427,0.0002078437,0.00007186444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984711,0.000136884,0.001274739,0.00001206913,0.00005127232,0.000008291398,0.000009319954,0.00001645176,0.00001989916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01143178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.536709,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009135475","doi":"10.1007/s10529-006-9299-9","title":"Improving the yield from fermentative hydrogen production","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biotechnology Letters","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":243,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sparging; Yield (engineering); Chemistry; Fermentative hydrogen production; Dilution; Pulp and paper industry; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Food science; Environmental chemistry; Hydrogen production; Biohydrogen; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03491094787117727,"gpt":0.2588454976229888,"spread":0.2239345497518115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001852248,0.0003443267,0.000479286,0.0002694516,0.0001083052,0.0000209478,0.0003450724,0.0006788495,0.00002748306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005808523,0.0002427222,0.0001760447,0.0004277269,0.0002211496,0.00006984758,0.00006253429,0.0008344009,0.0001890685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002232952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001515253,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000522923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001184945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987663,0.00003280096,0.000350949,0.0004371921,0.0001168268,0.0002958989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992709,0.00004165142,0.000136473,0.0005133833,0.00001115351,0.00002640985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001125447,0.000007015741,3.928672e-7,0.0002162029,0.0001745231,0.000007262024,0.00002559405,0.0000171395,0.003235882,0.0002008679,0.003824014,0.99229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003136815,0.00001125679,0.000001445348,0.0005851467,0.0002487121,0.00003773722,0.00003817142,0.000005111505,0.008021633,0.000009656477,0.9907343,0.0002754506],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005127211,0.9916412,0.001677827,0.002365266,0.001946414,0.0006744557,0.00001843762,0.001115376,0.00004834015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001681874,0.9983197,0.0003787949,0.00022403,0.0006195505,0.00006554797,0.00009207032,0.00005951615,0.00007258871],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9920145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9897925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966839079","doi":"10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00593-5","title":"Anaerobic degradation and methanogenic inhibitory effects of oleic and stearic acids","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":234,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Stearic acid; Oleic acid; Methanogenesis; Chemistry; Palmitic acid; Myristic acid; Fatty acid; Biochemistry; Food science; Methane; Organic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0255464207788863,"gpt":0.2747283591251479,"spread":0.2491819383462616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004443849,0.00006775559,0.00008900416,0.0002241405,0.00006087139,0.00002534996,0.00004348139,0.00005858298,0.00002112068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002365174,0.00005099134,0.00001307415,0.0001824829,0.00009522854,0.0001269116,0.00004500575,0.0001475783,0.00001822697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002798047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000563713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003650947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008971272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992852,0.00008007114,0.000101655,0.0001420595,0.0001807003,0.0002103156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997504,0.00001742178,0.000006041791,0.0001112428,0.0000552505,0.00005964734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001986,0.00002460388,0.003416935,0.0001471855,0.00002900456,0.000008270289,0.0004664372,0.00005326936,0.9787839,0.0006334771,0.0004176426,0.01599939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005070961,0.0001890539,0.02241378,0.00005501047,0.00001293587,0.00002681007,0.000119081,0.0004004768,0.9678971,0.0003618199,0.007885047,0.0001317486],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980844,0.001044864,0.0001732123,0.0001187675,0.00009772716,0.000164717,3.759173e-7,0.00005008501,0.0002659135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981143,0.0008995164,0.0001638283,0.000004106758,0.00005457991,0.0000108999,0.000007328525,0.00001192568,0.000733453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01899684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2079367,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009144379","doi":"10.1186/s13068-020-01679-y","title":"New insights from the biogas microbiome by comprehensive genome-resolved metagenomics of nearly 1600 species originating from multiple anaerobic digesters","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":232,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Università degli Studi di Padova","keywords":"Metagenomics; Biogas; Microbiome; Biology; Biotechnology; Genome; Bioenergy; Biofuel; Ecology; Bioinformatics; Gene; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01915669689779966,"gpt":0.1979205899907486,"spread":0.178763893092949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003207026,0.0003023306,0.00040505,0.000105644,0.0001250998,0.00004886181,0.000527321,0.0004285722,0.00004023951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005492877,0.0002472905,0.0001551863,0.0004311243,0.0002688939,0.0001242549,0.0001035864,0.0002613498,0.00003760091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000708679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003001185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004410563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005032212,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987218,0.00002473055,0.0004156346,0.0004503388,0.00009460385,0.0002928485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991648,0.0001352179,0.0001565113,0.0003923364,0.00005746579,0.00009369418],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003866778,0.00001643697,0.0001028036,0.000009141682,0.0002468569,0.000001092493,0.0004554937,0.0002367302,0.9915422,0.00163146,0.003370236,0.002348942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000649598,0.00009844358,0.0004651691,0.00001095598,0.00005877095,6.518616e-7,0.0004316074,0.0002712921,0.5843963,0.0002355281,0.4131679,0.0002137689],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9478208,0.006560956,0.03729887,0.004989385,0.0006478198,0.0006960762,0.001347113,0.0006184499,0.00002054377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9763085,0.0006770785,0.02121991,0.0004772093,0.0003294936,0.00001507427,0.0008448457,0.00006314053,0.00006477715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4097977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944880475","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.002","title":"Recent developments on thermal municipal sludge pretreatment technologies for enhanced anaerobic digestion","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":231,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Waste management; Sewage treatment; Environmental science; Reuse; Resource recovery; Thermal hydrolysis; Sewage sludge treatment; Renewable resource; Renewable energy; Wastewater; Engineering; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01232696637586892,"gpt":0.2258401308493926,"spread":0.2135131644735237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002740144,0.0002396719,0.0003285817,0.0001272682,0.0001315184,0.00004384744,0.0001082919,0.0001313289,0.00003058088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005084743,0.0001890257,0.00005849708,0.0002597141,0.00002356357,0.0001718408,0.00004365112,0.00006576751,0.00001437665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002434959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002969463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006981169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000250402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988303,0.00003102711,0.000284548,0.0003153778,0.00009063647,0.0004481564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995,0.00002183539,0.00006469052,0.000293375,0.00007196927,0.0000481711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001589823,0.0001943514,0.0002480783,0.0007029832,0.0001621972,0.000006843278,0.000322938,0.06490951,0.02237889,0.04948987,0.005297674,0.8561277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004131666,0.000218402,0.0000664066,0.000114786,0.00002028502,0.00000184513,0.000464689,0.0002534297,0.05757347,0.0002701608,0.9403685,0.0002348553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7646038,0.1607283,0.01047176,0.001123213,0.00178573,0.005804764,0.00001191232,0.002411853,0.05305869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.707952,0.2477078,0.001722523,0.0001314398,0.00007287319,0.000775226,0.0001324803,0.00005703075,0.04144863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9350708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7708245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975507006","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.053","title":"Microwave, ultrasonic and chemo-mechanical pretreatments for enhancing methane potential of pulp mill wastewater treatment sludge","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":223,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Sonication; Mesophile; Pulp and paper industry; Anaerobic digestion; Paper mill; Methane; Chemistry; Waste management; Pulp (tooth); Wastewater; Activated sludge; Materials science; Chromatography; Effluent; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01308408005734593,"gpt":0.2044170207618927,"spread":0.1913329407045468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006517075,0.0001751415,0.000231236,0.0001891072,0.00003084354,0.000004091132,0.00009167609,0.0002550443,0.00003224237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001842079,0.0001445166,0.00006459543,0.0001277686,0.00009713054,0.00003156283,0.00002714222,0.00006090888,0.000007533434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006824826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007781444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001882185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002037757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992253,0.000009056099,0.0002149959,0.0002484383,0.00004964608,0.0002525438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996521,0.000009187935,0.00004765461,0.0002173172,0.00002760182,0.0000461577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005058831,0.00009435492,0.0002160307,0.00002209301,0.0001168085,0.00000287819,0.0001330645,0.000005703882,0.9856755,0.001118532,0.00004660216,0.0125179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007536546,0.0005446281,0.0002242656,0.00001611675,0.00008256677,0.0000474882,0.000183083,0.00008922485,0.9947405,0.0003229165,0.002864209,0.0001313546],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995962,0.0005277997,0.002488466,0.00007370632,0.0001219424,0.0003639059,0.00001642128,0.0003145945,0.0001311991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922802,0.000145335,0.007234342,0.000005841969,0.00003261938,0.00005433976,0.0000166369,0.00002645462,0.0002042648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01238654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5893216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064313631","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.007","title":"Techno-economic evaluation of ultrasound and thermal pretreatments for enhanced anaerobic digestion of municipal waste activated sludge","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Chemistry; Activated sludge; Hydrogen sulfide; Thermal hydrolysis; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Methane; Sewage treatment; Sewage sludge treatment; Sulfur; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02506204234678841,"gpt":0.2372216631591861,"spread":0.2121596208123977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002674307,0.000120906,0.0001396605,0.0001313718,0.00002771869,0.000006103678,0.00007464662,0.00004992075,0.00003854596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007597257,0.000116814,0.00003694365,0.00008175663,0.00004041264,0.0001307787,0.00002447185,0.00003131118,0.000002276954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001011279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004995575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003656404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000925826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993341,0.00002078908,0.0002339598,0.0001681129,0.0001181323,0.0001248898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996165,0.00001019718,0.00009655721,0.0002051304,0.0000479872,0.0000236308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002635489,0.0002756603,0.0004490341,0.0003537536,0.0008548054,3.999585e-7,0.002007858,0.1027322,0.791631,0.01220314,0.0001260804,0.08910247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001303909,0.0002100292,0.00505378,0.00007564246,0.0002663514,6.5227e-7,0.001200443,0.008127082,0.9832873,0.0002249895,0.0001005605,0.0001492436],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936801,0.00007200722,0.001077506,0.000005092355,0.0001873007,0.0008351688,0.00001076302,0.00005911734,0.004073014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983749,0.0001071155,0.001228565,0.000001845189,0.00001995792,0.0000902641,0.00003527048,0.00001651882,0.0001256079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1916563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4763538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120658122","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.008","title":"Dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste: Focusing on the inoculum sources","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Thermophile; Biogas; Municipal solid waste; Chemistry; Methane; Sewage sludge; Silage; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Fraction (chemistry); Biodegradable waste; Environmental science; Food science; Sewage treatment; Environmental engineering; Chromatography; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006513724245696884,"gpt":0.1915611848520382,"spread":0.1850474606063414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001644608,0.0001577669,0.0001916533,0.0002411209,0.0001285974,0.000009513204,0.0003297808,0.0002540046,0.00003262128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006998253,0.0001015032,0.00007853395,0.0007692714,0.0003524918,0.00004048417,0.00006790885,0.0002889101,0.00001000055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007171437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001082681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001165172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007539691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991019,0.00004471208,0.0003105545,0.0001724244,0.0001659083,0.0002045254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992096,0.00003520645,0.0001746488,0.0005114529,0.00005532759,0.00001370642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002609389,0.0001375051,0.01225992,0.00002697174,0.00005821843,8.110303e-7,0.0002439821,0.01029875,0.9390109,0.03202524,0.0003652444,0.00554631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000245023,0.0001310655,0.01446762,0.0001029836,0.00004600843,0.000008570431,0.00137946,0.001090089,0.9749808,0.001880534,0.00548791,0.0001798921],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972016,0.0002597343,0.0003136327,0.001186555,0.0001643754,0.0002040898,0.000002802197,0.0002940032,0.0003732233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996462,0.00002924248,0.00007416272,0.00001965293,0.0001184731,0.00000937435,0.000003627365,0.00002727696,0.00007202283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0359699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.413918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969364023","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.017","title":"Pretreatment technologies for advancing anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper biotreatment residues","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":208,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"FPInnovations","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Paper mill; Waste management; Capital cost; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Aerobic digestion; Anaerobic exercise; Activated sludge; Sewage treatment; Methane; Engineering; Chemistry; Effluent; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08195595195056922,"gpt":0.3725489251367319,"spread":0.2905929731861627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008244021,0.0002732906,0.0006065869,0.0006248137,0.0001066525,0.00003883071,0.0001434326,0.0003265836,0.00001439954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005960612,0.0001671347,0.0001209281,0.0002636095,0.0001541805,0.0001114201,0.00009137554,0.0002725422,0.00001681679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003497973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003050103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003692597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002924912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984047,0.00006053075,0.0003864979,0.0003699102,0.0002527885,0.0005255297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993882,0.00005728946,0.00003662272,0.0003455871,0.0001203413,0.00005193669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001104138,0.00004221325,0.000005482394,0.004771513,0.0001414257,0.000004903031,0.00007085591,0.00001742108,0.0003705273,0.0007437847,0.0004722407,0.9933486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000145393,0.0002784999,0.000004663109,0.002550998,0.0001047679,0.00001274251,0.0001031564,0.000005067647,0.01181762,0.0002162638,0.9845797,0.0001811678],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002970794,0.9972423,0.0001363108,0.00008682319,0.0001244622,0.001590342,0.00002685184,0.0002847498,0.0002110449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001557122,0.9956092,0.001638262,7.785803e-7,0.00006125076,0.0003158804,0.0001848549,0.00005220947,0.0005804509],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9931674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6815555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3017094240","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.017","title":"Pollution to products: recycling of ‘above ground’ carbon by gas fermentation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; Suncor Energy Incorporated; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Raw material; Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Waste management; Syngas; Flexibility (engineering); Greenhouse gas; Population; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Ecology; Economics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05208400133004827,"gpt":0.3300425111822353,"spread":0.2779585098521871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001547404,0.0003410023,0.0008274602,0.0006570147,0.00002111624,0.00001238422,0.0002457489,0.0005706565,0.000006101493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001203994,0.0003455743,0.00009592756,0.001436377,0.00006445076,0.00006223359,0.00007314575,0.0006128047,0.0000300652],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004180667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005860701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001595107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001014357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998228,0.00006325125,0.0007765955,0.0005216387,0.0001482146,0.000262375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993784,0.000009916343,0.000209036,0.000312384,0.00003804048,0.00005218167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004156798,0.000045837,0.000001403578,0.005180389,0.00002710867,1.773093e-7,0.0000416769,0.00003485282,0.0003496224,0.002026134,0.003106534,0.9891821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001205708,0.00008217748,0.000003189514,0.004766694,0.00003934265,0.000008601809,0.00002865994,0.00004609108,0.0006052118,0.00004603915,0.9939701,0.0002833366],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006866833,0.9893659,0.0004532296,0.001039319,0.007622868,0.0009660429,0.00005257198,0.0003952715,0.00003607892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003250483,0.9985021,0.0002142445,0.000004182626,0.0003333652,0.0001027177,0.0004624973,0.00004574946,0.00001006865],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9908636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004176048","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.083","title":"Co-production of hydrogen and methane from potato waste using a two-stage anaerobic digestion process","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Methane; Anaerobic digestion; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Hydrogen production; Raw material; Anaerobic exercise; Pulp and paper industry; Animal science; Nuclear chemistry; Organic chemistry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01331471774705159,"gpt":0.2574133088661112,"spread":0.2440985911190596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002661716,0.0001697506,0.0002155266,0.0004980833,0.00005536536,0.000007431498,0.000111878,0.0002242583,0.00001379226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006528542,0.000172907,0.00002979389,0.0005874141,0.0002356441,0.00009317028,0.00002073159,0.0001768285,0.000005363979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006153494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001125797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000905137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003750695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990042,0.00001454487,0.0002906215,0.00030829,0.0001286734,0.0002536693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995126,0.00001312562,0.0001002446,0.0002589273,0.00006047546,0.00005462337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003980716,0.00003340145,0.005773007,0.0000280275,0.00004757519,0.000006236281,0.0002353868,0.00473956,0.9787343,0.001184667,0.00002077458,0.009157299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003358917,0.00006201957,0.0008203121,0.00004306792,0.00003978809,0.00003690564,0.001183639,0.001025854,0.9940649,0.0003071026,0.001884386,0.0001961264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951597,0.0007350738,0.002888682,0.0001281223,0.0001785972,0.0001954862,0.000008810965,0.0005939467,0.0001115151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974386,0.00005217595,0.002270035,0.000008627075,0.0001190875,0.000004299622,0.00002317068,0.00002929436,0.00005467738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01533065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7050942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970635778","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2019.109287","title":"Pretreatment and co-digestion of wastewater sludge for biogas production: Recent research advances and trends","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario College of Pharmacists","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Valorisation; Digestate; Sewage sludge; Waste management; Biogas; Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Organic matter; Sewage treatment; Sewage sludge treatment; Biodegradable waste; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Methane; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Agronomy; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0255509649582172,"gpt":0.2905661133639407,"spread":0.2650151484057235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007649587,0.0001490092,0.0003008303,0.0002111686,0.0001252118,0.00003642247,0.00003821307,0.00007091319,0.00002878093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004637568,0.0001144796,0.0000291113,0.0003066921,0.00007256486,0.0002883075,0.00003066443,0.00005148835,9.476229e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006781399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001601049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001139395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002267315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989377,0.00006509531,0.0002578105,0.0003165052,0.0001073206,0.0003155513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995093,0.00002477337,0.00004998876,0.000194469,0.0001479806,0.00007342577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003308741,0.0002169455,0.002729384,0.006329836,0.0001626405,0.000005906921,0.00069846,0.007420306,0.01816525,0.07720564,0.0326407,0.8540941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002988434,0.0002802807,0.00007061746,0.0001044286,0.00002133543,0.00001264616,0.0004839047,0.00008601446,0.02324112,0.0008012912,0.9744756,0.0001238672],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.2776088,0.6974633,0.000696553,0.002319607,0.0007411596,0.002400945,0.00001504971,0.000207363,0.01854717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.255041,0.6804536,0.0007208782,0.00001645866,0.0001638296,0.0002324954,0.00007086747,0.00003026648,0.06327061],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9418349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4668342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990285206","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.033","title":"Co-digestion of cattle manure with food waste and sludge to increase biogas production","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Rural Affairs; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Mesophile; Manure; Food waste; Sewage sludge; Methane; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Hydraulic retention time; Environmental science; Biogas production; Bioenergy; Digestion (alchemy); Biofuel; Chemistry; Sewage; Agronomy; Sewage treatment; Environmental engineering; Biology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008753460572886307,"gpt":0.1996727785239045,"spread":0.1909193179510182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001707774,0.0001283356,0.0001068771,0.0001703745,0.00004200793,0.00001482699,0.00005006085,0.00003125432,0.00001321174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000542833,0.0001122152,0.00001632649,0.0002081769,0.0000283252,0.0001823001,0.00002531214,0.00005121204,0.00002375513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004713457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002054952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001121402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007758595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993268,0.00001525932,0.0001395584,0.0001701496,0.0001531363,0.0001951243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996324,0.000002927143,0.00003338348,0.0002048811,0.00002788454,0.00009853024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001102693,0.001787727,0.03897751,0.003252754,0.002059008,0.00001681109,0.007497515,0.1855434,0.08933642,0.3221543,0.1536255,0.1946463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003007838,0.00206769,0.08577649,0.000813579,0.0007473874,0.000111657,0.01755929,0.0003942824,0.6356747,0.00023186,0.2517013,0.001913965],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907686,0.0001720007,0.001698901,0.0003528469,0.0003981248,0.0004970672,0.000006368602,0.0001367459,0.005969327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972982,0.00007158635,0.001287815,0.0000271141,0.0001980844,0.00003147999,0.00002329685,0.00001965908,0.001042771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5463383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4576003,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027152159","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.075","title":"On farm biogas production: A method to reduce GHG emissions and develop more sustainable livestock operations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Manure; Anaerobic digestion; Manure management; Livestock; Slurry; Biofuel; Renewable energy; Bioenergy; Waste management; Agronomy; Environmental engineering; Methane; Engineering; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01912404564625449,"gpt":0.2674977064260022,"spread":0.2483736607797477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003104371,0.0001064856,0.00009510212,0.000524172,0.0004407042,0.00003887101,0.0001401626,0.00008604333,0.00001096658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003854222,0.00009270044,0.000006354042,0.00193871,0.0003463797,0.0001695005,0.00009634277,0.0001347657,0.00001002018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005203582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009263027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003623153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001153517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991294,0.000007361066,0.0001104737,0.0003714936,0.0001082965,0.0002730184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994277,0.000005580464,0.00001111437,0.0001676669,0.0002865679,0.0001013313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001658448,0.00003676984,0.0002035341,0.000006082817,0.000006841654,0.000006145583,0.0008466254,0.00007039285,0.2292837,0.7560619,0.0005501091,0.01291138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000397726,0.001664876,0.01770572,0.00007604221,0.00003806697,0.0005269133,0.01609414,0.0009840891,0.9123274,0.01294819,0.03646738,0.0007694688],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866554,0.0000989958,0.002268088,0.007664695,0.0001267645,0.0003350956,0.000001072895,0.0004584052,0.002391492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9645586,0.00003447367,0.03438367,0.00009035136,0.00002529853,0.00003629244,6.493233e-7,0.000007925797,0.0008627194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7431136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3780214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153215233","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.004","title":"Photofermentative hydrogen production from wastes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Dark fermentation; Biofuel; Biochemical engineering; Effluent; Waste management; Environmental science; Biohydrogen; Biomass (ecology); Energy carrier; Hydrogen production; Chemistry; Process engineering; Hydrogen; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03080687705537281,"gpt":0.2548788456785416,"spread":0.2240719686231688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006919578,0.0004268367,0.000788199,0.0005978107,0.00005931851,0.00001131346,0.0003490436,0.0007589244,0.0001978613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003526021,0.0003691804,0.0001752046,0.0006395332,0.0001966766,0.00005178137,0.00008129491,0.0004581393,0.0007341441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001562927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002553003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001862662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005285058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986729,0.00003564575,0.0003971949,0.0005196054,0.0000845472,0.0002901292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992291,0.00001067488,0.0001394701,0.0005415905,0.00002955981,0.00004957413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001828542,0.00002949706,0.00000396579,0.0003910701,0.0002291359,0.000004511301,0.00008056243,0.000002754965,0.0000959531,0.001076726,0.002087765,0.9959962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005144759,0.00003451441,9.745008e-7,0.001065635,0.000286788,0.00003573175,0.00008922562,0.000001972633,0.002190667,0.0002674285,0.995625,0.0003506368],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004868132,0.995021,0.00002780499,0.00003254099,0.0006493285,0.000589716,0.00004515662,0.002141625,0.001005953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002031435,0.9980583,0.0003695152,0.000005598508,0.0003051675,0.0001859784,0.0002089375,0.00009240788,0.0005709265],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9956456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125968323","doi":"10.1128/aem.00103-07","title":"Molecular Diversity of Methanogens in Feedlot Cattle from Ontario and Prince Edward Island, Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Feedlot; Phylotype; 16S ribosomal RNA; Methanogen; Hanwoo; Rhinotermitidae; Botany; Veterinary medicine; Animal science; Gene; Genetics; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002630033554407139,"gpt":0.1391317547036018,"spread":0.1365017211491947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004107071,0.00007018947,0.00009736733,0.00002068767,0.00002235303,0.000001129271,0.00003033893,0.00005276155,0.00004430263],"category_scores_gemma":[4.364307e-7,0.00007136317,0.000006461006,0.00001792594,0.0000681649,0.0000107383,0.00007310078,0.00006348579,0.000001211265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001149387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007460206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2235893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.766872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996631,0.000003898158,0.00008569654,0.000123948,0.00001788131,0.0001054778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998973,0.000008877654,0.00001455885,0.00005065126,6.757662e-7,0.00002795043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001663898,0.00001573186,0.07046187,0.000002973838,0.00002444214,0.000002965943,0.0003359541,0.000268802,0.9270889,0.0001249195,0.00006529069,0.001591502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006202845,0.00002616654,0.6254863,0.0000041259,0.00002037409,0.00001445804,0.0004660357,0.000002780092,0.3578145,0.00006927457,0.01527637,0.0001992905],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990062,0.0002104422,0.0001775347,0.00001768972,0.00006125175,0.00005882823,0.0000405492,0.000005758317,0.0004217661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995727,0.00009574355,0.000160597,0.00005260532,0.000006751658,6.615006e-7,0.00008354845,0.000003925466,0.00002348469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5692744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7815809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2619366422","doi":"10.18331/brj2017.4.2.3","title":"Methods for determination of biomethane potential of feedstocks: a review","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biofuel Research Journal","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Methane; Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Biodegradation; Bioenergy; Biofuel; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Agronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3362401681934502,"gpt":0.5625511441815396,"spread":0.2263109759880894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008546502,0.0002205046,0.001304308,0.00105052,0.0001439299,0.00005521117,0.0006298017,0.0002759003,0.00007377363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002091356,0.0001677479,0.0006893665,0.0004407366,0.0001982923,0.0001581466,0.0000720382,0.0006707024,0.000007501543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001502095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003619209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000347725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.573372e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973658,0.0006170028,0.0009863933,0.0001958625,0.000490438,0.0003444544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975726,0.0002260644,0.0006236687,0.000421171,0.001014887,0.0001415889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005547641,0.00002445673,5.349593e-8,0.050674,0.00008846886,0.000002063405,0.0000043561,1.987329e-7,0.0001462043,0.0000790236,0.00138098,0.9475946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001386419,0.0001598478,8.131233e-7,0.0367562,0.0002896225,0.000209417,0.000004852046,0.00002867909,0.0001940763,0.0002913492,0.9617926,0.0001338616],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[2.526797e-7,0.9584972,0.03949355,0.00005106705,0.0007020847,0.0009585965,0.00004196116,0.00001656978,0.0002387497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000002271669,0.9597877,0.03923234,0.000001472928,0.0004350191,0.00006144801,0.00003358422,0.00004137154,0.0004047495],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9604117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6840562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2408495080","doi":"10.18331/brj2016.3.2.4","title":"Recent updates on biogas production - a review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biofuel Research Journal","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":179,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Environmental science; Waste management; Biomass (ecology); Renewable energy; Fossil fuel; Biodegradable waste; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Ecology; Methane; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.178162759687391,"gpt":0.4272458836449969,"spread":0.2490831239576058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003775618,0.0004084466,0.0008904057,0.0008917167,0.0002958151,0.0001603536,0.000497249,0.0002857308,0.001172559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001139928,0.0002464875,0.0003624482,0.001061078,0.000141248,0.0002169459,0.00006780544,0.00189902,0.003461638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008374335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000365814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.320667e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.915143e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964212,0.0006212289,0.0007648233,0.0004560893,0.001025535,0.0007111443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982992,0.0000895573,0.0001743943,0.0005432027,0.0005619499,0.0003317308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003425377,0.0000296078,1.011356e-7,0.004522079,0.00007839716,0.00001581075,0.000001860516,2.556081e-7,0.000002696848,0.0005658877,0.2099146,0.7848653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006116574,0.0000981922,3.344216e-7,0.09152462,0.00006635763,0.0005278657,0.000003349319,1.342955e-7,0.00001557884,0.0002319784,0.9072249,0.0002455294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[3.742823e-7,0.9907116,0.00001028673,0.002420682,0.00258053,0.0008600567,0.0000220219,0.0001642196,0.003230266],"genre_scores_gemma":[4.520186e-7,0.9940456,0.00006955169,0.00003674222,0.003156336,0.00007577149,0.00004561569,0.00008776002,0.002482184],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7846197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999987,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095383989","doi":"10.1021/es102728m","title":"Potential of Wastewater-Treating Anaerobic Granules for Biomethanation of Synthesis Gas","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Biotechnology Research Institute","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Syngas; Methanogenesis; Chemistry; Methane; Biogas; Waste management; Carbon dioxide; Pulp and paper industry; Mesophile; Anaerobic digestion; Hydrogen; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008017731323550572,"gpt":0.1880612987864435,"spread":0.180043567462893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001663415,0.00007167351,0.0001036371,0.0004839656,0.00005491091,0.000002309881,0.0001832189,0.00006617681,0.00005614557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002280155,0.00006615078,0.00003199366,0.000407267,0.0007632068,0.0001317756,0.00003861027,0.00003337394,0.000004190622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005524084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004481584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001339412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001642419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994027,0.000004369828,0.000170627,0.0001570935,0.0001107601,0.00015443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997631,0.000005565855,0.00006220346,0.0001412381,0.000007137265,0.00002080453],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004426423,0.0000398,0.0007922031,0.000006268928,0.000005913873,2.081929e-7,0.00007268912,0.0002255039,0.9743098,0.001796681,0.000003529178,0.02274298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007498293,0.00009402559,0.003285563,0.000009474129,0.00001311696,0.000004641446,0.0004715862,0.0005280876,0.9948081,0.0005569614,0.00009040858,0.00006306187],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960511,0.0000497852,0.003339618,0.00004721417,0.0001149687,0.0001235758,0.00001016363,0.00007644574,0.0001870869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892707,0.00004755384,0.0106327,0.000001011858,0.000007475043,0.00001610228,0.000002675251,0.000006709409,0.00001500457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02267992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2812067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000516305","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.077","title":"Hydrogen production from sugar industry wastes using single-stage photofermentation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Sucrose; Sugar; Sugar beet; Chemistry; Food science; Pulp and paper industry; Biofuel; Sugar industry; Waste management; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Organic chemistry; Horticulture; Engineering; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02583826448102464,"gpt":0.2315864742153019,"spread":0.2057482097342772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008672596,0.0001533623,0.0001232128,0.0002734543,0.00007655199,0.00001265231,0.0001043931,0.00046437,0.000119769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003994052,0.0001587305,0.00002944436,0.0004143407,0.0001010263,0.0001775172,0.00003611604,0.0002891973,0.00006625341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001566301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006331565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003413999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004553384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991893,0.00001607302,0.0001846714,0.000202831,0.0001038028,0.0003033169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996021,0.000005067627,0.00005487611,0.0002551629,0.00002550827,0.00005728013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006666209,0.00007097871,0.02069434,0.000006641442,0.00003496504,0.000001038434,0.0002038547,0.001408966,0.9712292,0.0005166514,0.0002948517,0.005531846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001503874,0.00002846941,0.001748508,0.00002178252,0.00003081469,0.00001892251,0.001122563,0.0004761555,0.9611922,0.0000735943,0.03491998,0.0002166231],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966033,0.0005527922,0.0003252818,0.0002492001,0.0005968692,0.0001798935,0.000009111904,0.001186959,0.0002965949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978948,0.0000143658,0.001319433,0.00002412919,0.0004333962,0.00001293392,0.00003750329,0.00003332019,0.0002300728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03462513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.647284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034727423","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.019","title":"Comparative assessment of single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion for the treatment of thin stillage","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"GreenField Specialty Alcolhols (Canada); Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Stillage; Anaerobic digestion; Biohydrogen; Biogas; Chemistry; Acidogenesis; Bioenergy; Chemical oxygen demand; Raw material; Pulp and paper industry; Methane; Biofuel; Waste management; Food science; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Sewage treatment; Engineering; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03444331745178463,"gpt":0.2912064597751866,"spread":0.256763142323402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001136816,0.0001290729,0.0002242597,0.0001528284,0.00005139753,0.000005276751,0.00007884662,0.0001034936,0.00001166072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001129854,0.00008987725,0.00004212517,0.0001889281,0.0002361631,0.00004541725,0.00001652012,0.00005152041,8.448772e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007523703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006585606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002209098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002055918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994215,0.00001568433,0.0002005748,0.0001169734,0.00006753617,0.0001777535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995564,0.00006454311,0.00009421696,0.000218257,0.00003831439,0.00002827937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133575,0.001462731,0.06001455,0.0001698652,0.0005533831,0.000001313239,0.004437459,0.02490705,0.6018882,0.2731503,0.0003849408,0.03291686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002601719,0.002699538,0.06286571,0.00006732529,0.0002451063,0.00001283488,0.006287975,0.01608338,0.6282499,0.0001441534,0.2802565,0.0004858821],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989417,0.001893856,0.007358495,0.0002071615,0.0001446704,0.000481676,0.00003801316,0.0001930281,0.0002660959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967765,0.0002032399,0.002727608,0.000004218698,0.00004173592,0.00004229506,0.00001201964,0.00001198456,0.0001803544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2798715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3665088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964634378","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.012","title":"Anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste combining two pretreatment modalities, high temperature microwave and hydrogen peroxide","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Mesophile; Hydrogen peroxide; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Municipal solid waste; Waste management; Methane; Bioenergy; Biofuel; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Biology; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01094483060207778,"gpt":0.1997732211612777,"spread":0.1888283905591999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001343728,0.0001925729,0.0002463343,0.0001641074,0.00005062393,0.00001310486,0.00009242728,0.00006845804,0.00004311656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000353969,0.0001875683,0.00004704725,0.0001766303,0.0000560433,0.00015846,0.00007369417,0.0001005837,0.000004237458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001012491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005322043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001776701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004151919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990637,0.00003509638,0.0003311537,0.000224453,0.0001577251,0.0001878688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995024,0.000006927894,0.0001107542,0.0002838219,0.00004389666,0.00005224953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002430273,0.000608083,0.0013389,0.0008657943,0.001578537,0.00002901958,0.006878572,0.03453776,0.9000637,0.04245884,0.0004313773,0.01096638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001448531,0.0003531299,0.002409663,0.0002826358,0.0002953323,0.00001184662,0.008417078,0.001431596,0.9840697,0.0007479767,0.0001972406,0.0003352882],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976251,0.0002796918,0.0003257298,0.00002034055,0.0001800049,0.000325907,0.000007109724,0.00009043628,0.001145719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972663,0.0004472549,0.001792107,0.00001059507,0.0000416738,0.00001652063,0.00004823324,0.0000293488,0.0003479654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08400597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7648813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050062216","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2011.02.032","title":"Evaluation of continuous mesophilic, thermophilic and temperature phased anaerobic digestion of microwaved activated sludge","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Mesophile; Thermophile; Anaerobic digestion; Acidogenesis; Chemistry; Biogas; Pulp and paper industry; Sewage sludge; Waste management; Sewage treatment; Methane; Bacteria; Biology; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0796551787583141,"gpt":0.3026343767215278,"spread":0.2229791979632137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001996608,0.0001049668,0.0001642883,0.0002518048,0.00004988736,0.00001254384,0.00009938975,0.0001188015,0.0002169145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006433277,0.00007674075,0.00003073067,0.0002321011,0.0001515676,0.0001331601,0.00002421402,0.0002035204,0.000007390075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004716325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002636503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008247768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000783063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986035,0.0002487284,0.000221294,0.0001852278,0.0005145731,0.0002266936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999002,0.000009280286,0.00002598896,0.0002196401,0.0006910696,0.00005197921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005658635,0.00006787919,0.000150454,0.00003049922,0.00004711838,6.090418e-7,0.001284408,0.00003808499,0.9937617,0.0002632625,0.0001122685,0.004187122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005971846,0.0001361258,0.008616795,0.00003703222,0.00002763086,0.000004056871,0.0001872797,0.0001181766,0.9895611,0.0004682101,0.000166812,0.00007954422],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997454,0.0003478098,0.000007932164,0.00008095665,0.00008143728,0.0004174847,0.000007609289,0.00005262905,0.001550127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996343,0.00008870207,0.00006687826,0.000002319605,0.00003531398,0.0000210649,0.00003203928,0.00001916332,0.0001002567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008466341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3129397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061862058","doi":"10.1007/s11274-004-5972-0","title":"Influence of Culture Parameters on Biological Hydrogen Production by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum ATCC 27021","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Sucrose; Lactose; Maltose; Chemistry; Sugar; Fructose; Yeast extract; Nitrogen; Yield (engineering); Monosaccharide; Food science; Carbon fibers; Hydrogen production; Carbohydrate; Nuclear chemistry; Biochemistry; Hydrogen; Fermentation; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006217218884764904,"gpt":0.1962497471456427,"spread":0.1900325282608778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002190474,0.0001605256,0.00029652,0.0002483603,0.0000453673,0.000003902655,0.0001628435,0.0003894677,0.00001601152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005428406,0.0001133178,0.0000636589,0.0002399781,0.0003841899,0.00007819774,0.00002909452,0.0005079458,0.00001116777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004897731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001225879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001478686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006177645,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991345,0.00004812291,0.0003994023,0.000185524,0.00003417447,0.0001982097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995564,0.00001636629,0.0001895418,0.0001306369,0.00006774958,0.000039363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007596877,0.00005748053,0.0001740674,0.000005118484,0.00006705373,0.000001896299,0.00003365067,0.00353952,0.9850911,0.000468756,0.006493545,0.003991796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002437767,0.0003904235,0.00007300615,0.00003430446,0.00001419475,0.0003754761,0.00003529449,0.000005546873,0.8422408,0.00003627348,0.1564439,0.0001070815],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912348,0.003421748,0.00002756164,0.004902748,0.0002170749,0.00008988068,0.00001135734,0.0000642361,0.00003061032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939935,0.004877049,0.000725554,0.0001580659,0.00008479613,0.000001282649,0.000008693428,0.000007874285,0.000143228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1499504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4620966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002806732","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.022","title":"Evaluation of continuous mesophilic anaerobic sludge digestion after high temperature microwave pretreatment","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Mesophile; Anaerobic digestion; Chemistry; Activated sludge; Anaerobic exercise; Pulp and paper industry; Digestion (alchemy); Sewage sludge; Waste management; Environmental science; Chromatography; Sewage treatment; Methane; Environmental engineering; Biology; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04374303808189082,"gpt":0.2869808786418752,"spread":0.2432378405599844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001333204,0.0001352356,0.0001566271,0.0002427866,0.0001009305,0.00002375661,0.00009703985,0.0001291262,0.0003279516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003928405,0.0000973514,0.00005011098,0.0002371029,0.0001248631,0.0001488672,0.00003587662,0.0002418913,0.0001559884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002318879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004159736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007277396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002009143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980198,0.0002444604,0.0002149372,0.0002475022,0.0009321427,0.0003411257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989173,0.000007489131,0.00001401757,0.0002940072,0.0006972943,0.00006988597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000898655,0.0001795,0.001640198,0.00004003194,0.0001258883,0.00002848874,0.001562357,0.002729962,0.9840012,0.0003648939,0.004340366,0.004897203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007152543,0.0002002637,0.02593794,0.00004311568,0.00004180654,0.00003452371,0.00007712483,0.0002055603,0.9709097,0.0003912067,0.001288092,0.0001553826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997493,0.0006405648,0.00001190117,0.0002826741,0.0002230715,0.0005488317,0.000008306773,0.0000918708,0.0006997911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984378,0.0002087208,0.0001553164,0.000007066175,0.0001373496,0.0001289299,0.00009834332,0.00002525783,0.000801198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02429774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3969875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006294138","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.006","title":"The Long-Term Relationship between Microbial Metabolism and Greenhouse Gases","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Trends in Microbiology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biology; Microbial metabolism; Term (time); Greenhouse gas; Ecology; Bacteria; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05462286897025121,"gpt":0.3025610659571289,"spread":0.2479381969868777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001827211,0.0003577111,0.000876447,0.0002815879,0.0001023555,0.00004000737,0.0002452764,0.0004090432,0.00002758317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004665061,0.0002540403,0.0001689592,0.0004276997,0.0001919222,0.00004739802,0.00007955938,0.0006222551,0.00008146434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007282136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002547217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005951016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009971629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985916,0.0001978586,0.0005253055,0.0003597499,0.0000251566,0.0003003239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993223,0.0002509025,0.0001087792,0.0002489444,0.00001192761,0.00005714289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002918144,0.000006643215,0.000693283,0.0003650605,0.000100334,0.000009262743,0.00003611629,0.000002014857,0.00001822342,0.000713044,0.003126898,0.9949262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001428513,0.00001435527,0.003240502,0.0003461346,0.0002643256,0.0001243608,0.00000196146,2.361697e-7,0.000007095964,0.00001228535,0.9955934,0.0002525062],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004041952,0.998216,0.00002339373,0.0001510824,0.0006169018,0.0001694036,0.0001320843,0.0001702175,0.000116701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001803786,0.9962057,0.00007670723,0.00001413714,0.0004824652,0.00002304348,0.0008060163,0.00005426001,0.0005338595],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9946737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027806613","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.103","title":"Evaluating and modeling biogas production from municipal fat, oil, and grease and synthetic kitchen waste in anaerobic co-digestions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biogas; Anaerobic digestion; Grease; Methane; Biodegradation; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Substrate (aquarium); Anaerobic exercise; Waste management; Biogas production; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05075430541880116,"gpt":0.265112400361629,"spread":0.2143580949428278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002003463,0.0001814209,0.0001878489,0.0004653957,0.000103373,0.00001924023,0.00008150033,0.000229435,0.00001048905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001261736,0.0001834103,0.00001420901,0.0002774349,0.0002451291,0.0001048193,0.00007131091,0.0002381044,0.000004248349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003807359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006473158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004040592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001305845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990122,0.00003317537,0.0002329875,0.0004091994,0.00007615376,0.0002363157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995896,0.00001454304,0.00003998266,0.0002617688,0.00002751144,0.00006657091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000285706,0.000422253,0.07972665,0.0001983936,0.0002872006,0.00006074952,0.01387192,0.02332319,0.3602226,0.02859398,0.0001494077,0.492858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005826067,0.001397626,0.02801061,0.001637155,0.0007046036,0.0007832352,0.02963578,0.79725,0.1067326,0.01994327,0.004488196,0.003590829],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967785,0.001847307,0.0001566321,0.0004107863,0.00008597047,0.000105692,0.000006818116,0.0004489606,0.0001592793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955283,0.0006471628,0.003660766,0.000009607871,0.00005280558,0.00002858782,0.0000107231,0.00002524666,0.0000367793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7739269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7479256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}