{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1566,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1566,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"23e1a320483c","filters":{"topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation"}},"results":[{"id":"W2128284613","doi":"10.1016/j.cis.2015.07.010","title":"A review of the fundamentals of polymer-modified asphalts: Asphalt/polymer interactions and principles of compatibility","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":685,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Polymer; Materials science; Viscoelasticity; Compatibility (geochemistry); Composite material; Polymer science; Forensic engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06534913026877458,"gpt":0.3932963211214589,"spread":0.3279471908526843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001378166,0.0002408497,0.001032347,0.0001772889,0.00004903928,0.00001139062,0.0004825612,0.00004828277,0.00002384988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001626391,0.0001688925,0.00008345097,0.0009640587,0.0009196313,0.0007425132,0.0002596136,0.00020679,7.286871e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001649232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002576211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001774553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004050983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978356,0.00009598189,0.001140277,0.0003054595,0.0004261723,0.0001965588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985528,0.0001550821,0.0006677188,0.0004141189,0.0001509437,0.00005933801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001438878,0.0001234802,0.0004311331,0.1939495,0.00005527914,7.468784e-8,0.0005879601,0.0007032904,0.002326987,0.000396119,0.00004516649,0.8013666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008490635,0.0004292863,0.0001710037,0.4505716,0.0004994535,0.00002515749,0.0005768346,0.009215363,0.08724613,0.00008215739,0.4495062,0.0008277185],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004142859,0.9926293,0.00008267525,0.000007782814,0.0004785483,0.0009080745,0.00006394672,0.00001053555,0.001676264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09563304,0.9041237,0.00009962281,0.00001106432,0.00000893469,0.0000459018,0.000002576092,0.00001079475,0.00006438589],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8005389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6887237,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056992058","doi":"10.1016/j.cocis.2006.09.001","title":"Relation between polymer architecture and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of modified asphalts","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":367,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Rheology; Viscoelasticity; Waterproofing; Materials science; Polymer; Asphalt; Composite material; Nonlinear system; Viscosity; Modulus; Durability; Relaxation (psychology); Polymer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03127933838233302,"gpt":0.3241378590672613,"spread":0.2928585206849282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004205101,0.0001508896,0.0001641388,0.0003559944,0.00007140982,0.00003706225,0.0002147192,0.00005000097,0.00001695326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003187238,0.0001517473,0.0000233155,0.0007120045,0.0002236724,0.0004153183,0.00006965551,0.0002145156,0.00000772313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001371104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000649175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001837215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005729549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985614,0.00002152024,0.0004363007,0.0002677013,0.0004480635,0.0002649854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995601,0.00005170436,0.00009517709,0.0001710177,0.0000663504,0.00005569206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004287417,0.0002348376,0.2111558,0.0007073842,0.00001105396,1.642101e-7,0.001371786,0.5008605,0.2372158,0.00055625,0.0002402166,0.04760331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001220308,0.0001868196,0.4209408,0.0008069985,0.00002624593,0.000002915104,0.00007210128,0.4057179,0.1699279,0.0001630228,0.0004961729,0.0004387527],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743806,0.001526832,0.02106049,0.0000212298,0.002294821,0.000405661,0.00001704488,0.000057643,0.0002356952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992204,0.00005216137,0.0005077138,7.866853e-7,0.0001300749,0.00003507876,0.00001780582,0.00001249432,0.00002353465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.209785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6188075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061132754","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.05.034","title":"Asphalt modification with different polyethylene-based polymers","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Polymer Journal","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":344,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Polyethylene; Materials science; Polymer; Asphalt; Rheology; Composite material; Penetration (warfare)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01664382205415613,"gpt":0.2285294237008995,"spread":0.2118856016467434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003542486,0.0002519469,0.0001495838,0.0002083068,0.000190632,0.0001120626,0.0002450299,0.00003092611,0.0007738919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005087461,0.0002025997,0.00006809922,0.0001555582,0.00004238069,0.0004144171,0.00001410622,0.0003705442,0.000289456],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001694851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003683205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001293421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003737913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984185,0.0001365788,0.0004003872,0.0001650725,0.0004851191,0.000394358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993315,0.00001950638,0.0001280151,0.0002578573,0.00004698345,0.0002161685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001926145,0.0002911855,0.005191965,0.00006929769,0.0003146612,0.00005273721,0.001498173,0.2131206,0.1319079,0.0002372029,0.006403829,0.6407198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005516692,0.0004865493,0.06065453,0.0002565036,0.0002071532,0.0002334955,0.0002010804,0.2981729,0.6107855,0.00000782963,0.02221381,0.001264016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9037983,0.003706426,0.0581753,0.001222067,0.0005421451,0.0001880863,0.000006531805,0.0004073513,0.03195382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997099,0.00008168245,0.000545411,0.0004220227,0.0009021215,0.000004860942,0.00001633325,0.0001000191,0.0008285758],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6394557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8473573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W147633566","doi":"","title":"EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT FRICTION CHARACTERISTICS","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Synthesis of highway practice","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ride quality; Quality (philosophy); Engineering; Transport engineering; Forensic engineering; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02419140481041538,"gpt":0.274798601356095,"spread":0.2506071965456796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003150421,0.0001193247,0.0001894115,0.00009830364,0.00003699215,0.000009782072,0.0001049912,0.0000646833,0.002005687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006561642,0.000125461,0.0000451683,0.0001681462,0.00002400465,0.0006789619,0.000007914927,0.00007887349,0.0000991066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001484294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005048003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001340654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001673925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979236,0.0002071038,0.0005056476,0.0001247207,0.001101182,0.0001377408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986303,0.0003544121,0.0002210426,0.0002834628,0.0004809057,0.000029836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000715183,0.0003492148,0.0003342264,0.0002579344,0.0004041915,6.591221e-7,0.0006562893,0.06649625,0.07070811,0.0002710367,0.0007525103,0.8596981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005336801,0.0001109375,0.01292164,0.000149368,0.001476495,0.000003555232,0.0002891202,0.3518862,0.6168761,0.0001023998,0.01538178,0.0002688034],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9606513,0.0003074514,0.001005836,0.0001202605,0.000358483,0.0004515594,0.00002346709,0.0001249761,0.03695666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975402,0.000546188,0.001677793,0.00001236902,0.00007378468,0.00007311538,0.0000123549,0.00002199811,0.0000421781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8594292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989066,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128091013","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.043","title":"Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalized polymers","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":188,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rheology; Materials science; Polymer; Asphaltene; Asphalt; Colloid; Phase (matter); Composite material; Suspension (topology); Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009338037636161972,"gpt":0.2459144825259537,"spread":0.2365764448897917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005938475,0.00008263898,0.0001675087,0.0002138634,0.00005469575,0.00001878115,0.0001594342,0.00002656665,0.0001173576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003116619,0.00006153082,0.00002399861,0.0003753079,0.0003051628,0.0006447327,0.00001934371,0.0001147398,0.000002058461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009015241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001838551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004150016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002481218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990524,0.000009806388,0.0003070679,0.00008069594,0.000395582,0.0001544293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994481,0.00001987439,0.0001749109,0.00007196052,0.0002077146,0.00007739224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002351548,0.00002694359,0.0004130172,0.00003112784,0.00004065568,6.945974e-7,0.0006172108,0.4076698,0.587334,0.0009592968,0.00002084729,0.002651194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00567598,0.002504359,0.01207368,0.0003512914,0.00007200862,0.0002471323,0.0006967629,0.07247423,0.9044245,0.0006754737,0.0005149279,0.0002896123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9448599,0.0006955867,0.0517817,0.00008711889,0.0003852334,0.00006650179,7.53561e-7,0.000009889105,0.002113262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974189,0.000118004,0.002152422,0.00002221006,0.00002549066,0.000001049715,1.00341e-7,0.000005587142,0.0002561899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3351956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2509154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135942198","doi":"10.1080/10298436.2011.573557","title":"Rheological analysis of multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR) test","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Pavement Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Federal Highway Administration","keywords":"Rut; Asphalt; Creep; Viscoelasticity; Rheology; Asphalt pavement; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Forensic engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03615124943778165,"gpt":0.2591206534561166,"spread":0.2229694040183349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003930589,0.0001470818,0.0002787651,0.0007798572,0.00001062337,0.00001636547,0.0003880665,0.00005827108,0.0004934951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001041168,0.0001389375,0.0002149514,0.0002976928,0.00001663774,0.0003484331,0.0000415708,0.0001615764,0.000006262143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001643512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001491495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005991696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000619458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984437,0.00001054735,0.0007549861,0.00008994171,0.0005427907,0.0001580182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991832,0.00008296231,0.0002450304,0.0001167882,0.0003066379,0.00006537362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001507374,0.0001916519,0.06638455,0.0000323495,0.002909892,0.00002851457,0.0004611369,0.8959545,0.03192937,0.0001347653,0.00004011909,0.001918022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006967155,0.0001697025,0.1537179,0.0001408277,0.0004182961,0.000008370149,0.00009575474,0.7792878,0.06511513,0.00001612312,0.0001441889,0.0001891946],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7220041,0.0002833116,0.2759688,0.00001230379,0.001256789,0.00007859142,0.00003526697,0.00005014212,0.0003107686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863871,0.0002210685,0.01317471,0.00001449575,0.0001338617,0.000004855466,0.00001701503,0.00001701748,0.00002986283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.264383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5665706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214986036","doi":"10.1016/j.jtte.2021.10.001","title":"New innovations in pavement materials and engineering: A review on pavement engineering research 2021","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents; Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province; Harbin Institute of Technology; Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; China Agricultural University; Beijing Municipal Commission of Education; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Commission","keywords":"Pavement engineering; Engineering; Asphalt pavement; Construction engineering; Forensic engineering; Civil engineering; Materials science; Composite material; Asphalt","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03878294772450352,"gpt":0.3063928123265149,"spread":0.2676098646020114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001709006,0.0005651159,0.001495639,0.001360133,0.00004977809,0.0001205157,0.000181455,0.0002752453,0.0001759908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002014874,0.0005720947,0.0001779948,0.001243333,0.00001586169,0.0005731134,0.00001094619,0.001094464,0.000004233505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003616695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002268188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000172612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003415253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962922,0.00005649601,0.002010349,0.0003364965,0.0008490768,0.0004553656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985234,0.0002955968,0.0003027614,0.0002274025,0.0004202116,0.0002306747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008593563,0.0001935383,0.000005875538,0.1109518,0.0009549197,0.0002250096,0.001228149,0.649083,0.0001190708,0.00213036,0.009361808,0.2257379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001159589,0.0002481074,0.0003591553,0.1352661,0.0007331882,0.00004432274,0.00008436262,0.004475507,0.00009555379,0.00000249913,0.856627,0.0009045676],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002378299,0.9914331,0.00258787,0.00005156227,0.002497174,0.000869944,0.00008418219,0.00008974132,0.000008168871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002714243,0.9930965,0.00200914,0.00001481771,0.001363372,0.000139107,0.0005287239,0.0001182399,0.00001587935],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8472652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084101260","doi":"10.1139/l07-025","title":"Use of steel slag aggregate in asphalt concrete mixes","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Aggregate (composite); Asphalt; Rut; Creep; Ultimate tensile strength; Materials science; Asphalt concrete; Metallurgy; Slag (welding); Composite material; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01931097364482911,"gpt":0.2132726038056211,"spread":0.193961630160792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007560591,0.0001456162,0.0002509774,0.0007802885,0.00001715105,0.00002357995,0.0001503508,0.00008113612,0.0001006275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001394303,0.0001647433,0.00006365307,0.0003394841,0.00002162828,0.000540958,0.000005028721,0.0002768705,0.000003710707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003117187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001808604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000382955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06047134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986762,0.00000924606,0.0006387799,0.00006546588,0.0002095565,0.0004007889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992297,0.00008630284,0.0001191768,0.0001223695,0.0001111868,0.0003312441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001063377,0.000001954007,0.01812694,0.000205027,0.00008397171,0.0002189932,0.0008857042,0.9423406,0.03450619,0.0001616765,0.00045886,0.00299941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002417462,0.0002862335,0.2138542,0.002340864,0.000102805,0.0002808417,0.0003144556,0.6600158,0.08883008,0.00005170951,0.03048732,0.001018273],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872509,0.001472533,0.009676303,0.0000157335,0.0008364535,0.00009761699,0.000007089424,0.00002004815,0.0006233677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986005,0.00007287093,0.001154075,0.00001491729,0.0000929369,0.000001046397,0.00000210157,0.00003559377,0.0000260033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2823249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9566726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162687179","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2021-0054","title":"Soil-water retention behaviour of fine/coarse soil mixture with varying coarse grain contents and fine soil dry densities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Macropore; Porosimetry; Soil water; Suction; Microstructure; Soil science; Gravimetric analysis; Saturation (graph theory); Water retention; Mercury intrusion porosimetry; Water content; Grain size; Degree of saturation; Bulk density; Mineralogy; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Porosity; Environmental science; Geology; Composite material; Porous medium; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01546803746333194,"gpt":0.2101433257786822,"spread":0.1946752883153503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004041459,0.0002158738,0.0002844219,0.0002295652,0.0001894914,0.00008513209,0.0001268787,0.0002025756,0.0002007811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004917859,0.0001852795,0.00007961804,0.0001537975,0.00009927502,0.0003226263,0.00003448798,0.0006282522,0.000007972219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002584451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002316225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001345952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02619931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984394,0.00005767223,0.0004587031,0.0001941184,0.000358304,0.0004918582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989986,0.00002069981,0.00008709655,0.0002142299,0.0002702754,0.0004090283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002193672,0.0001518657,0.02797041,0.0006475002,0.0006920971,0.003374157,0.001938292,0.6353828,0.2457398,0.0001360078,0.01160251,0.07214519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004816095,0.0004832168,0.01979707,0.001362068,0.0005450542,0.00208827,0.0006821957,0.8345356,0.1324721,0.0005912049,0.001433459,0.001193632],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926943,0.0004636609,0.005624113,0.0005544162,0.0003193183,0.0001383103,0.0000382659,0.00005488277,0.0001127089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981654,0.00009019038,0.0009838536,0.0001366604,0.0001375149,0.000009668161,0.00008232754,0.00004207863,0.0003523233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1991528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065029779","doi":"10.1021/ef0202687","title":"Thermodynamics, Phase Diagrams, and Stability of Bitumen−Polymer Blends","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Miscibility; Thermodynamics; Hildebrand solubility parameter; Polymer; Polymer blend; Intermolecular force; Phase diagram; Asphaltene; Asphalt; Branching (polymer chemistry); Materials science; Solubility; Enthalpy; Lower critical solution temperature; Phase (matter); Chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Copolymer; Molecule; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01327806630882435,"gpt":0.2393071449026488,"spread":0.2260290785938245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002280505,0.0001235388,0.000144474,0.00005378136,0.00002959321,0.000009344827,0.00005816395,0.00005265172,0.0003441515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001282114,0.0001207263,0.00002959,0.0001186012,0.00004756632,0.0001681683,0.00001186276,0.00005511099,0.000003224738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004214859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002215934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001666058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003355615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992697,0.00003872988,0.0002260625,0.0001347564,0.0001532556,0.0001775538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999631,0.00003024209,0.00003912147,0.0002194626,0.00002703995,0.00005308157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001733617,0.0001863741,0.004957441,0.0001526499,0.000123535,0.000001696443,0.0008001603,0.00140533,0.8866233,0.02773386,0.00009247848,0.07790588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007411842,0.0000745111,0.0004714199,0.00001125891,0.0000216308,0.000001027547,0.00007830696,0.01575869,0.9803839,0.0007941632,0.001506104,0.0001578428],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816385,0.001614568,0.007551988,0.0000089049,0.0002047528,0.00005759934,0.000009607145,0.00007868397,0.008835404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993519,0.0002896443,0.0001682387,0.00001723091,0.00002811101,0.00002129038,0.00001842446,0.0000219526,0.00008321927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0937606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4923078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018897361","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2014.927411","title":"Blending and diffusion of reclaimed asphalt pavement and virgin asphalt binders","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Imperial Oil (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Dynamic shear rheometer; Asphalt pavement; Materials science; Composite material; Rut; Rheometer; Mixing (physics); Diffusion; Geotechnical engineering; Rheology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02397927804737465,"gpt":0.2338634249596878,"spread":0.2098841469123131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00139093,0.0002554082,0.0003454442,0.0001284548,0.0001239475,0.0000768907,0.00006698695,0.00009307508,0.0001721892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001490829,0.0002358476,0.00001682641,0.00007268301,0.00005505793,0.0002219685,0.00006660247,0.00005498142,0.000005370257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003964212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009834594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003069381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002965168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985135,0.0001411099,0.0004949472,0.0002763427,0.0002710117,0.0003031529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994854,0.00007006281,0.0001313663,0.000174454,0.00002910224,0.0001096693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003196247,0.00002824121,0.001202608,0.0005366079,0.00006236444,7.681368e-7,0.0004734503,0.0005416778,0.9781841,0.0004594942,0.0001519958,0.01832673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002088616,0.0004648783,0.008955281,0.000275636,0.0001082659,0.000003512492,0.0001706283,0.0485351,0.9374061,0.0007592921,0.0008106977,0.000422035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791877,0.0005283485,0.01894738,0.00004799776,0.0003826787,0.000672252,0.00001079032,0.00007972356,0.0001431145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956301,0.001846841,0.002200364,0.00006598191,0.00008441802,0.00006346838,0.00002571331,0.00003455492,0.00004851647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04799342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9617584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057902554","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01796.x","title":"Low‐temperature bitumen stiffness and viscous paraffinic nano‐ and micro‐domains by cryogenic AFM and PDM","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Microscopy","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Atomic force microscopy; Microscopy; Asphaltene; Asphalt; Phase (matter); Polar; Chemical physics; Materials science; Phase transition; Optical microscope; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics; Optics; Scanning electron microscope; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00460359794116969,"gpt":0.2467592911802041,"spread":0.2421556932390344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006558786,0.0002002467,0.0002740663,0.0001432332,0.000101508,0.000105338,0.00009080602,0.0001337677,0.00002077881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001683141,0.0001806048,0.00003363337,0.0001170372,0.00007940839,0.0003793786,0.00003204885,0.0002732552,0.000003486046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000773887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004081055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001381152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006100145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988874,0.00002101987,0.0004625866,0.0001417671,0.0002025342,0.000284757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994546,0.00005914482,0.0001595005,0.0001025567,0.00007244214,0.0001518108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006866612,0.00002510069,0.001688156,0.0001069626,0.00005893034,0.00001201619,0.0003940717,0.0001150884,0.9925935,0.000001992904,0.002995688,0.00193979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003148013,0.0002598888,0.03095506,0.0002915149,0.0001099357,0.0004348845,0.000286006,0.0003995789,0.9602011,0.00003038816,0.003513898,0.0003696752],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870741,0.0117872,0.0005104569,0.0000715529,0.0003439612,0.0001424446,0.00001178571,0.00002149568,0.00003703578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946178,0.00339577,0.001607028,0.000100119,0.00015149,0.00000139576,0.000004532541,0.00003281287,0.00008909318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03239238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7364851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113971025","doi":"10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2009)135:10(773)","title":"Climate Change Implications for Flexible Pavement Design and Performance in Southern Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Transportation Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Rut; Climate change; Environmental science; Baseline (sea); Engineering; Climatology; Geography; Ecology; Geology; Asphalt","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02744534791058331,"gpt":0.2381325700723841,"spread":0.2106872221618007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002575106,0.00008853443,0.0001197636,0.0001195567,0.00002323985,0.000008786194,0.00005061312,0.00002533911,0.000002719263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002751877,0.00009264258,0.0000199643,0.000108997,0.000002108494,0.0002867826,4.324052e-7,0.00007462146,1.861355e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001103093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000281914,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007553187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001027162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993256,0.000002854564,0.0003562189,0.00005183277,0.0001064537,0.0001570066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997668,0.00002166118,0.00006842758,0.00004605463,0.00005238104,0.00004470093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013731,0.000008792872,0.007593116,0.0001048111,0.000009850867,7.097985e-7,0.0007437345,0.975996,0.002694886,0.00008298107,0.00001873651,0.0127327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006834827,0.0001302671,0.6080797,0.0001425329,0.00002616737,0.000002890147,0.0000930198,0.3877125,0.002732243,0.00001977753,0.0002409617,0.0001364619],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8180476,0.0003030947,0.1810038,0.0001578186,0.0001350741,0.0002973434,0.00001744616,0.00003152702,0.000006309617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911795,0.0002987391,0.008371537,0.00003224732,0.00006235464,0.00002887091,0.00001172289,0.00001297442,0.00000206369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6004866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3777855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1729244356","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.09.002","title":"Rheology of conventional asphalt modified with SBS, Elvaloy and polyphosphoric acid","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel Processing Technology","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Rheology; Asphalt; Materials science; Polymer; Viscosity; Styrene-butadiene; Composite material; Styrene; Shear viscosity; Sulfur; Polymer chemistry; Copolymer; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.018742024465735,"gpt":0.2374279829709756,"spread":0.2186859585052406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002093958,0.0001444523,0.0002141963,0.0002762895,0.00003747997,0.000009770871,0.0001495167,0.0001973942,0.00001597801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003803415,0.0001339844,0.00001198006,0.0004394607,0.0002476028,0.0002038385,0.00004904653,0.0001797929,0.00001027329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005774025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009812712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003260582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005404538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991266,0.00001012765,0.000250401,0.0001847259,0.0001900367,0.0002381347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995148,0.000008767772,0.00009936695,0.0001644248,0.0001622461,0.00005035725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00104995,0.0007429914,0.2154069,0.007172117,0.0008513196,0.00007780733,0.004215166,0.05226006,0.1040011,0.1378324,0.004636797,0.4717534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007327078,0.001570799,0.008210349,0.0003824655,0.0001917064,0.0003128129,0.001152052,0.7903062,0.1551185,0.03233761,0.002077959,0.00101243],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9077923,0.008864935,0.07984709,0.0003108197,0.0001872969,0.0002236437,0.000003576669,0.0006919153,0.00207842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909804,0.00005274831,0.008734526,0.00001776029,0.00002540808,0.00004414528,0.00001254932,0.0000252769,0.0001071877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7380462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5463724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W651708976","doi":"","title":"PERFORMANCE SURVEY ON OPEN-GRADED FRICTION COURSE MIXES","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Synthesis of highway practice","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Engineering; Construction engineering; Civil engineering; Highway maintenance; Transport engineering; Course (navigation); Forensic engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02948628608855857,"gpt":0.2864447745539221,"spread":0.2569584884653636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001699925,0.0001943116,0.0002440854,0.00008535797,0.000126666,0.00005959878,0.0003755891,0.00009165028,0.001059494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004420057,0.0001934299,0.0000372083,0.0002829313,0.00003528651,0.001742323,0.00002361705,0.000180302,0.0007832163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008912833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004077899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000188734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003240843,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984637,0.0002264231,0.0003891519,0.0002222234,0.0004501521,0.0002483655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981108,0.001133944,0.0001439457,0.0004351664,0.0001180693,0.00005803446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002939069,0.002583764,0.02229432,0.0006085271,0.001181965,0.00001270949,0.001367919,0.2034542,0.02271125,0.0005418151,0.04701469,0.6952899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001045491,0.0004610815,0.5100124,0.0003085794,0.0003333028,0.0000108381,0.0001955436,0.09146294,0.3468398,0.00002008232,0.0485287,0.0007811993],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9387462,0.0001102215,0.0000311817,0.000175032,0.000344582,0.0003681929,0.00002630468,0.0001956999,0.06000261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970236,0.001079028,0.001136934,0.00006067024,0.00005356484,0.00006949943,0.00002472443,0.00004316088,0.0005087563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6945086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078916101","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.12.024","title":"Internal structure and linear viscoelastic properties of EVA/asphalt nanocomposites","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Polymer Journal","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rheology; Materials science; Asphalt; Viscoelasticity; Polymer; Ternary operation; Composite material; Ethylene-vinyl acetate; Compatibility (geochemistry); Nanocomposite; Vinyl acetate; Mixing (physics); Dispersion (optics); Copolymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008432256631923478,"gpt":0.2094041226940769,"spread":0.2009718660621534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002517622,0.000144309,0.0001293013,0.0001140947,0.00008564362,0.00005627352,0.0001718948,0.00002834562,0.0002454537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002114045,0.0001133595,0.00003602778,0.00006277038,0.00007268589,0.0002910258,0.00004715848,0.0005099468,0.00002340334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001148615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001635435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001387856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002587447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991056,0.00005768965,0.000338383,0.0000908696,0.0002252534,0.0001822186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996188,0.000009486969,0.0000986318,0.0001145124,0.00005770888,0.0001008421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001568568,0.000009470721,0.002561463,0.00004847279,0.00004737291,0.000007052433,0.0006197372,0.0006362016,0.9887177,0.00002483856,0.0001356189,0.007176375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006184916,0.00009959696,0.01074766,0.0001641767,0.00004425974,0.0004066981,0.00004074919,0.03015534,0.9569594,0.000009560249,0.0005646387,0.0001894881],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946345,0.00172937,0.001049909,0.00003058365,0.0008744637,0.00006332604,0.000004254422,0.00004663311,0.001566973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985156,0.00004483544,0.0006101096,0.00003350371,0.0005984965,4.601978e-7,0.000001592073,0.0000421445,0.0001532744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03175837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4622667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159062748","doi":"10.3141/1728-06","title":"Low-Temperature Fracture Testing of Asphalt Binders: Regular and Modified Systems","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Asphalt; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Tension (geology); Fracture toughness; Rheometer; Bending; Fracture mechanics; Stiffness; Brittleness; Structural engineering; Compression (physics); Rheology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06692928581996149,"gpt":0.3350925329012263,"spread":0.2681632470812648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00380548,0.0002528704,0.00045494,0.0007039236,0.0003577053,0.0001165586,0.0005904618,0.0002604484,0.0002649338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009433932,0.0001977186,0.0001613007,0.001791156,0.0003637745,0.0008642885,0.000002832532,0.001926106,0.000009225556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001688971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002861849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001193817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001250776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939405,0.0005835313,0.001384946,0.0002806133,0.003147058,0.0006633236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962142,0.0005975848,0.0002656244,0.0003892542,0.002263267,0.000270101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001062395,0.0002707385,0.1062188,0.002966963,0.0004398405,0.00006983137,0.005625947,0.7848684,0.0656152,0.0006413949,0.004809656,0.02741081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002959775,0.0008554203,0.9339235,0.002073329,0.0001116026,0.000002414029,0.002690082,0.02344448,0.02856685,0.0009468172,0.004008806,0.0004168789],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966772,0.0008238151,0.0004417994,0.0004259434,0.0002932809,0.0009549292,0.00003655608,0.00004489869,0.0003015613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968284,0.001789566,0.000712601,0.00001738584,0.0001843577,0.00004792217,0.000021448,0.00006150484,0.0003367556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8277047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8368081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147589950","doi":"10.3141/1789-21","title":"Determining the Low-Temperature Fracture Toughness of Asphalt Mixtures","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fracture toughness; Fracture mechanics; Asphalt; Materials science; Cracking; Fracture (geology); Brittleness; Crack growth resistance curve; Asphalt concrete; Composite material; Geotechnical engineering; Forensic engineering; Toughness; Structural engineering; Crack closure; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06295445034596527,"gpt":0.3450978592537354,"spread":0.2821434089077702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003354672,0.0002718772,0.000414209,0.0006231022,0.0005272139,0.0001091252,0.001215063,0.0002444052,0.0007834188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001517642,0.0001732516,0.0003287742,0.00182258,0.0004510282,0.0008248665,0.000005660103,0.002652288,0.00002215217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001790985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001481551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002722377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002655846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9930266,0.000689753,0.001387266,0.0002557305,0.003899785,0.0007408479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995167,0.0008443519,0.0003615278,0.0005290888,0.002891504,0.0002065866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001144555,0.0009556276,0.457435,0.003126744,0.001031545,0.0001343222,0.03314183,0.2477168,0.1131132,0.000849477,0.09908115,0.04226981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001787396,0.0004190406,0.9331665,0.0006067058,0.00007933147,5.814476e-7,0.001324014,0.003993076,0.05142119,0.0004788784,0.006466593,0.0002566837],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954235,0.0006617858,0.0004248607,0.001667117,0.0006557496,0.0008897753,0.00003895293,0.00003704644,0.0002012423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973548,0.001442026,0.000417607,0.00006592439,0.0002959348,0.00005892465,0.00001810137,0.00006559933,0.0002810969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4757315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044472138","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141096","title":"Biochar removes volatile organic compounds generated from asphalt","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"ShanXi Science and Technology Department","keywords":"Biochar; Pyrolysis; Adsorption; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Waste management; Asphalt; Carbon fibers; Charcoal; Straw; Activated carbon; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Inorganic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01545542592213226,"gpt":0.1958103762638016,"spread":0.1803549503416693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000283195,0.0001072694,0.00009531449,0.00001593929,0.0001767303,0.00002361667,0.0005767877,0.0000214673,0.000688982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001854313,0.00006579849,0.00003487125,0.000275462,0.0003604866,0.000183736,0.0002078776,0.0001032342,0.0002375103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001139097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002533616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009538669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.326404e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988746,0.00002526324,0.0001930429,0.0001623032,0.0005605257,0.0001842418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994944,0.00001722691,0.0000648233,0.0003570325,0.000007545886,0.00005902331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002392739,0.000006110798,0.00002119159,0.000002837639,0.000008279058,5.704758e-8,0.000466155,0.2510983,0.7479314,0.00001132221,0.0001570463,0.0002949324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001102798,0.00002460866,0.007352349,0.000006087569,0.00001502194,4.425497e-7,0.00006838715,0.4549176,0.5373173,0.00006217178,0.00005750296,0.00006827237],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974717,0.0002179306,0.0004365345,0.0008864417,0.0002452291,0.0002034451,0.00001080114,0.00004253526,0.0004853068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993818,0.0000354217,0.0003337511,0.00005596971,0.0000792019,0.000004896643,0.000003357161,0.00001244135,0.00009313386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2106142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.754387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043719768","doi":"10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00197-2","title":"Viscosity function in polymer-modified asphalts","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Rheology; Viscoelasticity; Polymer; Materials science; Viscosity; Composite material; Styrene; Vinyl acetate; Viscosity index; Polymer chemistry; Copolymer; Base oil","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01116444948139813,"gpt":0.2548889704067123,"spread":0.2437245209253141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001103505,0.00006712154,0.0001048911,0.0002218834,0.00005788715,0.00004948435,0.0001088436,0.00002338274,0.00003248556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005592263,0.00005827278,0.00001693973,0.0004113064,0.00007293805,0.0009360992,0.00001144416,0.0001374212,0.000004366996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001187768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008115756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001521376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004618173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999188,0.00001830093,0.0002652679,0.00007465581,0.0002984123,0.0001553604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996994,0.00001455703,0.00007932178,0.00006030143,0.00007891862,0.00006754557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003897292,0.00003297077,0.003859548,0.00002065331,0.000007633561,4.634143e-7,0.000489536,0.02589295,0.9658489,0.0004450808,0.0001875357,0.003175711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008568019,0.0003631049,0.0216484,0.000100611,0.00001067411,0.0000334232,0.0003324051,0.05448481,0.9210993,0.0002113952,0.0007275598,0.0001315288],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840713,0.001233094,0.009772931,0.00002561285,0.0007782347,0.00005578749,2.30694e-7,0.000008818599,0.004054029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995732,0.00009754947,0.0001759435,0.00002438361,0.00002342607,8.52841e-7,3.503083e-8,0.000003896658,0.000100753],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04474967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2376295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070225711","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.004","title":"Effect of warm mixture asphalt (WMA) additives on high failure temperature properties for crumb rubber modified (CRM) binders","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Construction and Building Materials","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Michigan Technological University","keywords":"Crumb rubber; Dynamic shear rheometer; Asphalt; Materials science; Rut; Composite material; Rheology; Natural rubber; Rheometer; Phase angle (astronomy); Asphalt pavement; Dynamic modulus; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Polymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01233654088294647,"gpt":0.2373003417039508,"spread":0.2249638008210043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000411228,0.0002134006,0.0002912614,0.0001147819,0.0001113392,0.00005780595,0.00005495148,0.000168628,0.000127399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005595755,0.000165766,0.00003822993,0.0000748733,0.00008400089,0.0003678339,0.00001512955,0.00007920108,0.000004063283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004226414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009494623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002070173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.464893e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991105,0.00007255382,0.0002660426,0.0001525993,0.0001502874,0.0002480101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996193,0.00006057748,0.00009312645,0.000117028,0.00005358721,0.00005635276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001324601,0.000008763087,0.0002286746,0.0007542925,0.00006241629,5.702619e-8,0.0001549708,0.0008914485,0.9926117,0.001105985,0.0004291413,0.00362006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008848265,0.0001568145,0.0005460615,0.0002372962,0.00006412304,0.000007867498,0.00009850155,0.0001914082,0.9971872,0.00004441009,0.0004008716,0.0001806342],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964814,0.0001827961,0.0004180731,0.00004748841,0.001896443,0.0006766882,0.00008800774,0.0001343324,0.00007472672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980658,0.00004453827,0.001213541,0.00001815367,0.0004193645,0.000131595,0.00005585187,0.000031507,0.00001965421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004575455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6759742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026142759","doi":"10.3141/1875-01","title":"Essential and Plastic Works of Ductile Fracture in Asphalt Binders","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Federal Highway Administration","keywords":"Asphalt; Fracture (geology); Materials science; Composite material; Work (physics); Rheology; Modulus; Asphalt concrete; Dynamic modulus; Fracture mechanics; Structural engineering; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Engineering; Polymer; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04277345798477761,"gpt":0.3459904259204269,"spread":0.3032169679356493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002591917,0.0001877172,0.0003468561,0.001112596,0.0001677071,0.00005607102,0.0004486665,0.0001846955,0.0001743643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001107356,0.0001544944,0.0001359657,0.001649913,0.0003969358,0.0008835852,0.000003743243,0.001842317,0.000006044032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000254306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003521426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001903186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01750393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953184,0.0002809053,0.001156388,0.0002223115,0.002442318,0.0005796948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997818,0.0004969307,0.0002225039,0.0002391422,0.001030379,0.0001930723],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001111854,0.0002819786,0.2507332,0.000925776,0.0001876505,0.00007974508,0.007886116,0.7146438,0.01608975,0.0007108496,0.0007798881,0.006569316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002938739,0.0003578155,0.9775744,0.0008883084,0.00003720561,5.694689e-7,0.002192596,0.001845784,0.0112188,0.002290462,0.0004884854,0.0001668435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992854,0.0004620346,0.004807897,0.0007433911,0.0004386006,0.0006086786,0.00001390051,0.0000198888,0.00005162771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971307,0.001752401,0.0008878068,0.00001115314,0.0001057663,0.0000328725,0.00001206845,0.00004103369,0.0000262205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7268412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9767601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309717518","doi":"10.3390/ijerph192214863","title":"A Comparative Review of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies from Environmental and Economic Perspectives: Towards a Sustainable Asphalt Pavement","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"University of Nizwa; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","keywords":"Asphalt; Environmental science; Asphalt pavement; Greenhouse gas; Global warming; Energy consumption; Waste management; Renewable energy; Environmental pollution; Environmental protection; Engineering; Climate change; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1101712166939481,"gpt":0.4032992866659685,"spread":0.2931280699720205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002720011,0.0002975601,0.001055358,0.0006112048,0.0001514147,0.0000833009,0.0004536733,0.0000984961,0.001142527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006734476,0.0002663283,0.0001140141,0.00008625398,0.0004063579,0.0005132843,0.000552951,0.0008798604,0.000006364156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003293364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005138703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008194974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005511953,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966491,0.0003457314,0.00108027,0.0003247798,0.001139344,0.0004607622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986492,0.0003048251,0.0005891002,0.0001743577,0.00003217456,0.0002503878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002525368,0.0003168807,0.0001287004,0.008978471,0.0008967967,0.00002927092,0.001513406,0.000006588507,0.000009815877,0.0001971399,0.000807566,0.9870901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006973672,0.001003808,0.0003959023,0.004867501,0.00006198118,0.0001188185,0.01699041,0.0001995916,0.00001372637,0.0001954415,0.9752039,0.0002515907],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009218819,0.9885039,0.00003005183,0.0005964588,0.0001220118,0.0008659209,0.0005112897,0.0000126665,0.0001388408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03760675,0.9617431,0.000178064,0.00003786005,0.00009213761,0.00008742121,0.0001780045,0.00002811706,0.00004852494],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9868385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000127323","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2008.9690158","title":"Glass Transition and Phase Stability in Asphalt Binders","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary","keywords":"Glass transition; Differential scanning calorimetry; Asphalt; Materials science; Amorphous solid; Isothermal process; Phase transition; Composite material; Discontinuity (linguistics); Polymer; Phase (matter); Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05423548548697412,"gpt":0.2586451107748644,"spread":0.2044096252878903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006495068,0.0001403303,0.0001753961,0.00006853713,0.00006729473,0.00002815253,0.00003114409,0.00005666756,0.0002289459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004176948,0.0001393904,0.000009795297,0.00006612513,0.00003600814,0.000260696,0.000007890368,0.00003981695,0.000006700293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005415246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001347512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002821704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005935163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991148,0.00008421656,0.0002927298,0.0001688841,0.0001431664,0.0001962153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997907,0.00001951652,0.00002905928,0.00009452693,0.00001424381,0.00005196595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001142161,0.0001265512,0.000862341,0.0003059881,0.00003030206,0.00001211952,0.002888109,0.002982563,0.9872113,0.00004630063,0.0001483126,0.005271881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004575372,0.0003791925,0.01484117,0.00006840807,0.00002922978,0.00001004862,0.0002160634,0.06183234,0.9172476,0.0002864663,0.0001386251,0.0003754734],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828925,0.0001874499,0.01603287,0.00003469354,0.0001675378,0.0005492697,0.00001571404,0.00006915383,0.00005080914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998405,0.0007186382,0.0006690831,0.00004615264,0.0000396162,0.00006839042,0.00003269931,0.00001487677,0.00000555937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0699637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5684177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096696536","doi":"10.3390/su12219076","title":"Recycling Tire Rubber in Asphalt Pavements: State of the Art","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Rut; Asphalt; Natural rubber; Durability; Sustainability; Asphalt pavement; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Civil engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01188710987847448,"gpt":0.2439699965869124,"spread":0.2320828867084379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005575227,0.0001080004,0.0001443821,0.00002955724,0.00003174393,0.000008632925,0.000165913,0.0000332415,0.0001219837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003636215,0.00009025879,0.00004845875,0.0003789221,0.00004732829,0.0001996773,0.0000683016,0.0001816005,0.00001920066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005093644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001017483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001317109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003137616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988974,0.00007065498,0.0003867068,0.0001574967,0.0002500327,0.0002376669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994478,0.00003493908,0.00005480272,0.0002622078,0.0001555368,0.00004469052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055275,0.0001012886,0.5469635,0.002001412,0.00004287449,0.000003582546,0.006944812,0.345678,0.001227785,0.0001713192,0.00138848,0.09542175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001306788,0.0001105765,0.5456674,0.00007722933,0.00002546877,2.931829e-7,0.001398862,0.4172721,0.01675646,0.005188013,0.01183083,0.0003660205],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996531,0.00004378942,0.00058764,0.0010321,0.0001362689,0.0006466891,0.000004568438,0.00007316934,0.0009447999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996016,0.00001078854,0.00006618276,0.0001238065,0.00002672488,0.00003448961,0.000004433204,0.000014778,0.0001172108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09505573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3680647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050290286","doi":"10.1139/l06-032","title":"Fatigue damage analysis in asphalt concrete mixtures using the dissipated energy approach","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dissipation; Structural engineering; Stiffness; Asphalt; Asphalt concrete; Materials science; Strain energy; Energy (signal processing); Stress (linguistics); Composite material; Engineering; Finite element method; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01530743974562168,"gpt":0.2140471662710064,"spread":0.1987397265253847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004203029,0.0001777569,0.0002729068,0.0008875763,0.00006140245,0.00006972478,0.0002400625,0.00007824769,0.00007743806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002883027,0.0001549768,0.0001122352,0.001135158,0.00002515691,0.0002919844,0.000004809444,0.0002667448,3.864706e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003560064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001518829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002800577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06337032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998787,0.00003013315,0.0004972715,0.00009125114,0.0002193947,0.0003748756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994456,0.00003791061,0.00009766279,0.0001652821,0.0000730869,0.0001804941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001067828,0.00000101035,0.006037675,0.00002044811,0.0001292691,0.00002610868,0.000164099,0.9909797,0.002281887,0.0001266503,0.0001682221,0.00006384632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002339495,0.000009030008,0.01606075,0.00004658693,0.0001494475,0.00001771714,0.00006072622,0.9815879,0.001138692,0.00001472387,0.0005109524,0.0001694673],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6658915,0.002255473,0.3290126,0.00002704393,0.0003935007,0.00009107118,0.00001064185,0.0000344281,0.002283706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998946,0.00001163043,0.000755969,0.00001475849,0.0001988517,0.000003711845,0.00001787774,0.00003293655,0.00001831756],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3330544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9537207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010931069","doi":"10.3141/2084-11","title":"Sustainable Pavements","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Christian ministry; Engineering; Asphalt pavement; Civil engineering; Sustainable development; Forensic engineering; Waste management; Transport engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09565386744776468,"gpt":0.3673737429070926,"spread":0.271719875459328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004210062,0.0002349935,0.0003472371,0.001053765,0.0008660576,0.00007181845,0.0009444681,0.0001564125,0.0005623705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009661345,0.0001877239,0.0002681343,0.002258851,0.0004709676,0.001217736,0.00000641126,0.001879296,0.00007435637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005037093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004869086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00190632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004103712,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9924002,0.0005410603,0.001282652,0.0002573825,0.004411334,0.001107358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951329,0.0003663707,0.0002152557,0.0004461852,0.003520595,0.0003187352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001029346,0.0005299633,0.7887756,0.001319821,0.0005522065,0.0007259739,0.01484491,0.07414736,0.01338834,0.004612064,0.09258322,0.007491242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001793103,0.0004647509,0.9493519,0.000185939,0.00003587745,0.000001216884,0.003154855,0.001804911,0.007039989,0.001614257,0.0343071,0.0002461105],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947557,0.000291666,0.001966791,0.0006020283,0.0005747562,0.0009693982,0.00001623556,0.00006774895,0.0007556219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937834,0.002036977,0.0009309438,0.00002761702,0.0002252442,0.00008935288,0.00001774686,0.00006871812,0.002820007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1605763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.816471,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157455206","doi":"10.1139/l06-044","title":"Study of recycled polyethylene materials as asphalt modifiers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Low-density polyethylene; Materials science; Polyethylene; Composite material; Asphalt; Rheometer; Rheology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01072757545675852,"gpt":0.209321290101435,"spread":0.1985937146446765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003980575,0.0001638689,0.0002971669,0.0005262463,0.00003554399,0.0000317301,0.0001922585,0.00006742735,0.0002877658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003856681,0.0001798534,0.00004868004,0.0002399291,0.00001266888,0.0002860742,0.000005625971,0.0001387137,0.000005853086],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002422975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001733629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002372921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03036231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986842,0.00001917969,0.0006480623,0.00007690464,0.0002608855,0.0003107652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993463,0.0000245732,0.0001379984,0.0001535139,0.0001131133,0.0002244869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006824077,0.0000212303,0.001208899,0.00006744039,0.00009858618,0.00006708477,0.0006814789,0.9520168,0.04431111,0.0001357772,0.0009393666,0.0004453748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01243158,0.002948795,0.1594202,0.001663826,0.0008154995,0.0006475629,0.004469437,0.1686834,0.6356243,0.001201717,0.009151829,0.002941872],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933019,0.0006098314,0.003077469,0.00001438334,0.001077861,0.0001308865,0.000007048072,0.00003071111,0.001749962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994902,0.00001563394,0.0001243506,0.000007023235,0.0002649406,0.000005235441,0.000003426985,0.00004491948,0.00004426851],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7833334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.987331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149713265","doi":"10.1139/l07-092","title":"Asphalt modification with used lubricating oil","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Rheometer; Materials science; Composite material; Dynamic shear rheometer; Cracking; Rut; Rheology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02174662768134192,"gpt":0.2008674286877127,"spread":0.1791208010063707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002232622,0.0001406676,0.0001680923,0.0003504153,0.00008541324,0.00002345605,0.0001633835,0.00005018884,0.00009196853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004444486,0.0001405954,0.00003997782,0.0003016924,0.00002150471,0.0004297604,0.000002450837,0.0002343991,0.00001293283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003147038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003021009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009840733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006960307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990434,0.000007461302,0.0003377169,0.00007371044,0.0002357387,0.0003019937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992626,0.00002641495,0.00009153231,0.0001430411,0.0001324372,0.0003439427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001585058,0.000002337593,0.002754972,0.00005609053,0.00003945232,0.00004167393,0.000712869,0.9921159,0.002348209,0.0000358904,0.0006146867,0.001276394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001108395,0.0001300741,0.02582424,0.0004217892,0.00005985494,0.0007882512,0.0001304982,0.9520209,0.005779946,0.00001014475,0.01317021,0.000555639],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9097753,0.001377503,0.0836024,0.00009824654,0.0005912264,0.00007213662,0.000003786348,0.0001031533,0.00437631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980234,0.00007023042,0.001573868,0.00001647038,0.000202954,0.000005694932,0.000003702367,0.0000443674,0.00005930918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08824816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5733316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367400073","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131419","title":"A review of microstructure characterization of asphalt mixtures using computed tomography imaging: Prospects for properties and phase determination","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Construction and Building Materials","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Asphalt; Tortuosity; Void (composites); Composite material; Characterization (materials science); Compaction; Anisotropy; Tomography; Porosity; Microstructure; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05650895808282367,"gpt":0.3265088914569917,"spread":0.2699999333741681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003435294,0.0002617447,0.0009674463,0.000317968,0.00006042003,0.0000495869,0.00006186683,0.0001159029,0.000008466434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004113854,0.0002276415,0.00007637336,0.0002481938,0.0001084008,0.0002093496,0.00003117259,0.00005205505,1.288354e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003197204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003967176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001284254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.031406e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986479,0.00005725125,0.0008421833,0.0002142149,0.0001079782,0.000130456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990382,0.00002412711,0.0006356752,0.0001150395,0.0001588955,0.00002804313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004892524,0.000004014009,0.000004214157,0.2643779,0.00004579942,1.01124e-7,0.00002181423,0.000001438798,0.4489745,0.00002159968,0.000004696366,0.2865391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001179999,0.00008568864,0.0000307702,0.3347566,0.001812621,0.0001679175,0.00001453882,0.0048153,0.6407512,0.0000941461,0.01560135,0.0006898837],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.06727322,0.9260743,0.00324803,0.000003160802,0.0008498259,0.002133952,0.0003154484,0.0001012006,8.164008e-7],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001899572,0.9927613,0.00473266,0.000007283587,0.000114919,0.00009307692,0.0003402766,0.00004993706,9.900978e-7],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2858492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.928295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152816145","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2008.05.021","title":"Relationship between chemical and rheological properties of two asphalts of different origins","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Rheology; Asphaltene; Chemical composition; Materials science; Viscosity; Dynamic shear rheometer; Composite material; Composition (language); Mineralogy; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Rut","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08434972478418508,"gpt":0.2669532431741632,"spread":0.1826035183899782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007240384,0.00007198661,0.0001443251,0.00003719306,0.00001781226,0.000001460608,0.00005023445,0.00004610738,0.00002114801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004272248,0.00005641972,0.00001958466,0.00006051563,0.00008076506,0.0000782423,0.0000203266,0.00008089691,0.000004120054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002876078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009098956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000345142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.755808e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994599,0.00001372926,0.0002184418,0.00006998133,0.0001466772,0.00009131392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999773,0.0000477873,0.00003639073,0.0000868825,0.00002627148,0.00002967698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006375426,0.00001983818,0.9746825,0.0002076051,0.00001266193,2.574461e-7,0.0003796812,0.0003010132,0.02348606,0.000646084,0.00003156312,0.0002263752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005206245,0.00004977977,0.8755101,0.00004056675,0.0000221163,0.000002158818,0.00001365274,0.007413784,0.1158915,0.0004168551,0.00002974275,0.00008915861],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985937,0.0002873832,0.0003906381,0.00001418193,0.00004183457,0.0001095676,0.000003133169,0.00004367049,0.0005159298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994755,0.0000313543,0.0003777783,0.00000242092,0.00004846821,0.000009293001,0.000008851724,0.000007287776,0.00003898515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09917241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2300729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969360909","doi":"10.1002/pen.20246","title":"Temporary networks in polymer‐modified asphalts","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymer Engineering and Science","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Shear thinning; Rheology; Polymer; Asphaltene; Composite material; Shear (geology); Shear rate; Viscosity; Asphalt; Styrene; Polymer science; Polymer chemistry; Chemical engineering; Copolymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01102485231860868,"gpt":0.2198802490655574,"spread":0.2088553967469488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036299,0.0001490016,0.0001208583,0.0002805416,0.0000679377,0.00005315148,0.0001730083,0.00004792058,0.00000646877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001239835,0.0001555183,0.00001575299,0.0007285943,0.00007689846,0.0005446615,0.00003750804,0.000159257,0.000006331623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000995441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004534292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005355727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000484579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989021,0.000003528626,0.0002055295,0.0002163079,0.0002554146,0.0004171091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996684,0.00001569452,0.0000167771,0.0001637944,0.00001169627,0.0001236592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002152449,0.00001067652,0.00218719,0.00002559308,0.000003740274,0.000004553139,0.0002488532,0.9665699,0.02455755,0.0009750022,0.000005352983,0.005409448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004356665,0.00002160545,0.01405575,0.00006566417,0.000003379773,0.000007670255,0.00001941672,0.90408,0.08105017,0.00001861688,0.00001584963,0.0002261765],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9706035,0.007244329,0.02034478,0.00005225643,0.0005062516,0.0001007714,9.084917e-7,0.0002601472,0.0008870482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995406,0.0001009204,0.0001828735,0.00003210471,0.0000705876,0.00001814227,0.000002021256,0.00001871615,0.00003402085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06248986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6341851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983493512","doi":"10.1139/l06-076","title":"Effect of aggregate type, gradation, and compaction level on thermal properties of hot-mix asphalts","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Transportation","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Gradation; Compaction; Aggregate (composite); Materials science; Composite material; Asphalt; Thermal conductivity; Asphalt concrete; Thermal conduction; Thermal; Asphalt pavement; Sieve (category theory); Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.014614164054025,"gpt":0.1983810986135154,"spread":0.1837669345594904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003325311,0.0001128635,0.0001976553,0.0002983759,0.0000232416,0.00001158587,0.00006576573,0.00004269594,0.00002203131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004503942,0.0001012205,0.00003336397,0.0001448967,0.00002135886,0.0002248173,0.00000234529,0.0001201284,0.000001004271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001046951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007869403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003168545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003366419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993055,0.00001722941,0.000322675,0.00004652437,0.0001593863,0.0001486406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999581,0.00002735689,0.0001179145,0.00007173237,0.0001075459,0.00009439733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002753608,0.000003709391,0.003028112,0.0003594049,0.0000459583,0.000003311572,0.0001358636,0.9131355,0.08051141,0.00003746862,0.0001670258,0.002544745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001369456,0.0008055539,0.113863,0.001427666,0.0001008733,0.00004562065,0.00003354537,0.2430327,0.6385853,0.00001104647,0.0004368869,0.0002883894],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967501,0.001262637,0.001156561,0.00001001151,0.0003677747,0.00009639972,0.000004624761,0.0000114608,0.0003404028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997782,0.00002347611,0.00005852358,0.00000224862,0.000095715,0.000001271137,0.000002845494,0.00002093646,0.00001682481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6701028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4127654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104619326","doi":"10.3141/1998-06","title":"Comparison of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt Binders with Straight and Polymer-Modified Materials","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Asphalt; Composite material; Rheometer; Cracking; Polymer; Dynamic shear rheometer; Tension (geology); Bending; Brittleness; Rut; Ultimate tensile strength; Rheology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09005128376162318,"gpt":0.3916692582822174,"spread":0.3016179745205942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005396538,0.0002871513,0.0005925467,0.001124211,0.0003337468,0.00007939762,0.0006094234,0.0002072765,0.0003561457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004409291,0.0002147098,0.0001344276,0.00171411,0.0005670226,0.0006305299,0.000005069462,0.001290767,0.000004559613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002102842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002942601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001247889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009827914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931409,0.0003572263,0.001776724,0.0002951248,0.00355429,0.000875673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967613,0.0005000554,0.0004740384,0.0003660024,0.001558264,0.0003403128],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006458792,0.0005366422,0.3103412,0.00166781,0.0007445061,0.00008457106,0.01007925,0.02128522,0.6163689,0.004416252,0.001595952,0.02642082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001864223,0.00078644,0.6096314,0.0002908261,0.00006819937,6.090687e-7,0.001999573,0.0005923159,0.3841726,0.0001536994,0.0002470506,0.0001930604],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910343,0.000710432,0.006030123,0.000276191,0.0004073153,0.0009052708,0.0000487229,0.0000400306,0.0005475942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981711,0.000527423,0.0008531549,0.00001000939,0.0001071545,0.00002894983,0.00002760952,0.00006665788,0.0002079633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2992902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.875561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992450116","doi":"10.1139/l07-082","title":"Mechanical evaluation of asphalt–aggregate mixtures prepared with fly ash as a filler replacement","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fly ash; Filler (materials); Materials science; Asphalt; Aggregate (composite); Composite material; Portland cement; Lime; Calcareous; Cement; Metallurgy; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01781104659717251,"gpt":0.2238709808500164,"spread":0.2060599342528439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009959062,0.0001910213,0.0002753749,0.0003893815,0.0000587374,0.00001635206,0.0001769918,0.0000823772,0.000777238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001543021,0.0001824383,0.00007325225,0.0002354516,0.00002515643,0.0003316769,0.000006815224,0.000228046,0.000009431119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004894347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008667047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001171175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007969858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998206,0.00003368982,0.000547617,0.0001168534,0.0007700202,0.000325802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987546,0.00003313538,0.0001769731,0.0002125399,0.0004644834,0.0003582837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002633559,0.00000776413,0.0004951071,0.00007073049,0.0001772104,0.00003244945,0.0007790792,0.9916734,0.00410226,0.00003617991,0.001938411,0.0006610619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003218263,0.0007553703,0.006384593,0.0007760749,0.0003204034,0.0007584523,0.0001416489,0.9338514,0.04876194,0.00008477876,0.004407028,0.0005401058],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836721,0.001685747,0.01080523,0.00004267831,0.0006403661,0.0003364599,0.000006840955,0.0000405769,0.002769973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987637,0.00005480757,0.0009120057,0.00001720805,0.0001359477,0.00001584051,0.000006643607,0.00004333523,0.00005049667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05782207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8510211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3139528148","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146448","title":"Effects of pyrolysis parameters on physicochemical properties of biochar and bio-oil and application in asphalt","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"ShanXi Science and Technology Department; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Pyrolysis; Materials science; Asphalt; Chemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007242898594173265,"gpt":0.1894870622825341,"spread":0.1822441636883609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002301566,0.00005437967,0.00008606674,0.0000252105,0.00002582413,0.000003299372,0.0001003764,0.00001344923,0.000001472826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000180564,0.00003323719,0.0000161894,0.0001391136,0.000492263,0.00006206769,0.00008232242,0.00003933132,9.637286e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003537063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007722439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006487021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.310492e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994329,0.00001718068,0.0001227767,0.00009912456,0.000251256,0.00007681131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997331,0.0000226971,0.00005080744,0.000175121,0.00000488336,0.00001339324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004623699,0.00002741771,0.00004635946,0.00008453213,0.000005122072,1.663596e-8,0.0003114315,0.07370669,0.920566,0.00002246678,3.248529e-7,0.005224973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000127382,0.00002456492,0.0105782,0.0000580889,0.00001477708,3.393421e-7,0.00006560428,0.05821933,0.9308456,0.00003398782,3.573475e-7,0.00003179527],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993038,0.0004260284,0.00002651374,0.00009361226,0.0000190299,0.00009548929,7.756107e-7,0.000002747125,0.00003201003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996895,0.0001848647,0.00008541421,0.000003255276,0.000003103836,0.00001785816,2.180013e-7,0.00000320231,0.00001256806],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01548736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1813764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027598239","doi":"10.1139/l07-083","title":"Backcalculation of pavement layer moduli from falling weight deflectometer data using an artificial neural network","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Falling weight deflectometer; Deflection (physics); Equidistant; Artificial neural network; Structural engineering; Moduli; Engineering; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0927606399587903,"gpt":0.2601951565195044,"spread":0.1674345165607141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003677367,0.0001748607,0.0002620983,0.0002991114,0.00008210626,0.00002974941,0.0003165183,0.00007803486,0.0001816759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002761098,0.0001944802,0.00005703984,0.0002850664,0.00001995637,0.0009110388,0.00001725365,0.0002313096,0.000002399287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002273987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000179498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004179369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0153342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985413,0.00002282532,0.0006350433,0.0001345317,0.0003009692,0.000365329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999081,0.00003265524,0.0001418737,0.0003181381,0.0001131556,0.0003131595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002667942,0.000005077086,0.004485167,0.00001876097,0.00006794263,0.0000214476,0.0002876906,0.9746209,0.01989164,0.000007266949,0.0001155628,0.0004759177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002149756,0.00003563879,0.007573809,0.0001054279,0.00005307409,0.00002395081,0.00001787354,0.9876485,0.003838089,0.00002937375,0.0002761207,0.0001831794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8545403,0.0006872767,0.1435534,0.000007776744,0.001054645,0.00008100689,0.00002267972,0.00002158531,0.00003131726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922839,0.00002757381,0.006506843,0.00001455468,0.001058794,9.312843e-7,0.00005868568,0.00004748236,0.000001237118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1377436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8556843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157559874","doi":"10.1139/l02-101","title":"Fracture toughness of polymer-modified asphalt concrete at low temperatures","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kangwon National University","keywords":"Materials science; Asphalt; Low-density polyethylene; Composite material; Fracture toughness; Asphalt concrete; Polymer; Toughness","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007226888767886437,"gpt":0.1979019142935823,"spread":0.1906750255256959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003221259,0.0002064785,0.0003094288,0.0003566289,0.00005543322,0.00002740364,0.0001854847,0.0001167075,0.0005025218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001062646,0.000212625,0.0001000957,0.0002475251,0.00002567908,0.0002916717,0.000004397813,0.0003243934,0.000005349243],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003233498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003045232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005825052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002575301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987609,0.00001960007,0.0004948012,0.00008857444,0.000259403,0.0003766572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991069,0.0000469057,0.0001233193,0.0001737231,0.0001381599,0.0004109642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005739359,0.000001587498,0.00121614,0.0002136935,0.000121057,0.00006063021,0.0007510052,0.9530602,0.04193989,0.0002534844,0.002299263,0.00007738371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002868268,0.0002459184,0.007928496,0.001209425,0.000156789,0.0006297061,0.0003347745,0.1132036,0.8465065,0.00005311832,0.02560845,0.001254971],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810801,0.007258573,0.00742428,0.00003701118,0.001625061,0.0001375791,0.00001644044,0.00003815868,0.002382853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994634,0.00004995902,0.0001309696,0.0000499819,0.0001609483,0.000003061859,0.00000501151,0.00004942691,0.00008717602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8398566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8670596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089667114","doi":"10.2118/79011-ms","title":"Liquid Addition to Steam for Enhancing Recovery (LASER) of Bitumen with CSS: Evolution of Technology from Research Concept to a Field Pilot at Cold Lake","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Imperial Oil (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Diluent; Steam injection; Viscosity; Process engineering; Environmental science; Oil field; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Chemistry; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03253315053462529,"gpt":0.2751986527499745,"spread":0.2426655022153492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003240416,0.0001045578,0.0001905233,0.0004024014,0.00005339452,0.000005500885,0.0001287106,0.00009257375,0.001251849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001511721,0.0001028715,0.00002286845,0.000564919,0.00002670191,0.0001906455,0.00005470573,0.00009974317,0.00006075938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003291502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002284505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006035964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003571778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988599,0.00002196061,0.0003305993,0.000195979,0.0003270423,0.0002644493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991683,0.0002120106,0.00005214427,0.0002599124,0.0002612442,0.00004632904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008027356,0.0001323218,0.0003120666,0.0001835142,0.00009608304,5.798663e-7,0.0009236271,0.07532182,0.8772879,0.0003227041,0.04022132,0.004395323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006758945,0.006741707,0.0001374645,0.0002552432,0.00001523251,3.013172e-7,0.0005090716,0.01647983,0.9720095,0.00005052333,0.002990843,0.0001344073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8992485,0.00008335929,0.09820472,0.0002171116,0.00009672065,0.001116581,0.000106699,0.0001111716,0.0008150836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925386,0.00001487599,0.006198789,0.00003726916,0.00005594321,0.0003593727,0.00003658959,0.00002189737,0.0007366225],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09472158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051354549","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2005.02.017","title":"Glass transitions and amorphous phases in SBS–bitumen blends","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermochimica Acta","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Miscibility; Differential scanning calorimetry; Materials science; Asphalt; Glass transition; Polybutadiene; Polystyrene; Plasticizer; Copolymer; Styrene; Amorphous solid; Phase (matter); Polymer blend; Chemical engineering; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Polymer; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01026185894702585,"gpt":0.2264693203172472,"spread":0.2162074613702213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119693,0.0001233932,0.0001180514,0.000103579,0.00003942354,0.00001883902,0.00008314971,0.00004750264,0.0004439259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003605706,0.0001267218,0.00002058049,0.0001183998,0.00002817749,0.0002870645,0.00001009963,0.0001188974,0.00003474496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007760806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001377717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004262259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000866085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993559,0.00001667324,0.0001791762,0.000121544,0.0001177242,0.0002090372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997639,0.00002060201,0.00001754141,0.0001432485,0.000008878021,0.00004584154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004503401,0.0001446786,0.0005477967,0.00006658441,0.00006713354,0.00000629015,0.004378072,0.01541942,0.9137686,0.0002175244,0.001122607,0.06421618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004675053,0.0002008138,0.04218449,0.0001865003,0.0001210657,0.00006010661,0.000532491,0.7659764,0.17563,0.0006422645,0.008710514,0.001080257],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911849,0.0001324919,0.0002260952,0.0005448011,0.00006220768,0.0001656605,0.00001064512,0.0001894825,0.007483662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990818,0.0001559325,0.0004086734,0.00008212136,0.0001074768,0.00003131933,0.00002092617,0.00002668523,0.00008506898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.750557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5167566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980164780","doi":"10.3141/2235-05","title":"Pavement Preservation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario; The Wilson Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Service life; Greenhouse gas; Energy consumption; Pavement management; Engineering; Pavement engineering; Seal (emblem); Waste management; Environmental science; Asphalt; Civil engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1856860333089561,"gpt":0.3720317708205795,"spread":0.1863457375116234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004953979,0.0002304511,0.0003086636,0.0009056314,0.0004008692,0.00007130522,0.001015017,0.0001623817,0.001048717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007188478,0.0001811834,0.0002503032,0.001821163,0.000311845,0.001486919,0.000006166699,0.001653916,0.0000695006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003440941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002631172,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00190689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01061181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931607,0.0005869382,0.001397791,0.0002594055,0.003794552,0.0008006651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959643,0.0002798305,0.000261991,0.0004889778,0.002729993,0.0002749019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001482777,0.0008018691,0.8319942,0.001301297,0.0007422237,0.0001237584,0.02801812,0.02604416,0.02881208,0.01062841,0.03794815,0.03210297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00122549,0.0005170258,0.9610168,0.0002547491,0.00004924247,2.279877e-7,0.001448495,0.002610329,0.01653955,0.004285336,0.01183879,0.0002139735],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902846,0.000215889,0.005757572,0.0004157758,0.0009084633,0.001051009,0.00002321029,0.00007469451,0.001268814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954401,0.0009553537,0.002704277,0.00002710855,0.0001979702,0.000115634,0.00001857626,0.00006547766,0.0004755007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1290226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129412217","doi":"10.1590/s1516-14392008000300024","title":"Rheological evaluation of polymer-modified asphalt binders","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Research","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"Petrobras; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Asphalt; Materials science; Dynamic shear rheometer; Rheology; Viscoelasticity; Oil shale; Composite material; Polymer; Shale oil; Microstructure; Petroleum; Dynamic modulus; Copolymer; Rheometer; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Geology; Organic chemistry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2704236115386495,"gpt":0.404620947484553,"spread":0.1341973359459034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005019737,0.000103658,0.0001848814,0.0002477285,0.0001188481,0.00001775208,0.0001954797,0.0001114228,0.003644937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001822779,0.00009524039,0.00002472794,0.0003174895,0.0001617728,0.0001763902,0.00005729651,0.0001238738,0.0002612584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001570754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001045198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004009445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003078165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969877,0.0004432195,0.0003634124,0.0001654095,0.00166511,0.0003751588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991724,0.0000802569,0.00003614697,0.0002605887,0.0003921629,0.00005845624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005192479,0.00004839128,0.0006806608,0.00009368594,0.00003187398,0.000002520558,0.0003211321,0.01267263,0.9811901,0.000417514,0.001615282,0.002874287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006928469,0.00009380093,0.01060459,0.00001984848,0.000009902346,0.000004317858,0.00004911367,0.05440937,0.9337234,0.0002432028,0.00004589966,0.0001037208],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915819,0.0002824253,0.0002098667,0.00004057065,0.000340532,0.0005016543,0.000009183081,0.00008867754,0.006945252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992446,0.0001470735,0.00008621851,0.00000586434,0.00009368567,0.0001339346,0.00003950794,0.00002100206,0.0002280767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04746672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086085173","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105947","title":"The role of binders in mixture cracking resistance measured by ideal-CT test","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Fatigue","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Western University; University of Wisconsin-Madison","keywords":"Cracking; Asphalt; Fatigue cracking; Materials science; Composite material; Tensile testing; Ultimate tensile strength; Ideal (ethics); Test method; Structural engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02021207330130223,"gpt":0.2653383353960696,"spread":0.2451262620947674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004057554,0.0000789787,0.000115932,0.00007014681,0.00002181949,0.00003199691,0.0003608559,0.00002235801,0.00002101603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003429769,0.00006362799,0.00005102262,0.0001273264,0.00002319331,0.0002659931,0.00001475731,0.0002116064,0.00000270893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001199902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003998891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004072015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003027054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986645,0.00002680662,0.0004953805,0.00005577886,0.0006601394,0.00009742513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992569,0.0001475107,0.00024264,0.00005624582,0.0002561193,0.00004060314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004575107,0.0001524826,0.2305508,0.0001085674,0.0007199776,0.00006995603,0.004776731,0.2516744,0.4236791,0.0009105302,0.03354392,0.05335602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006253099,0.0004267166,0.05823231,0.001692975,0.00009412473,0.00005496763,0.00432056,0.3099769,0.5043393,0.004321324,0.1094744,0.0008133273],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9639046,0.008223598,0.01269127,0.008815373,0.001375528,0.0002695876,0.00004393945,0.00004680877,0.004629301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991908,0.0002561956,0.0003068382,0.00007793055,0.0001366293,0.000002109502,0.000003923487,0.00001154716,0.0000140275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1723185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2594674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105447039","doi":"10.3141/2371-02","title":"Influence of Hydrogreen Bioasphalt on Viscoelastic Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Cracking; Viscoelasticity; Asphalt pavement; Materials science; Dynamic modulus; Composite material; Moisture; Geotechnical engineering; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Polymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06511398986309656,"gpt":0.3327554649560011,"spread":0.2676414750929045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002997004,0.0002650709,0.0005205384,0.00115682,0.0002139563,0.00004509004,0.0009764929,0.0001836113,0.0002608695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002160893,0.0001912465,0.0002609855,0.001794891,0.0007003998,0.000982041,0.000006300456,0.001464416,0.00003623635],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000179986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003455073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002945562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002566992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926139,0.0006102123,0.001871921,0.0002612615,0.003949009,0.0006936561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942766,0.000544757,0.0005080546,0.0004794429,0.003941848,0.0002492642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010512,0.0003767403,0.104375,0.00210437,0.0003931504,0.00001308096,0.004093367,0.4018534,0.473547,0.0005277405,0.00199009,0.009674773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001310679,0.001106802,0.6503354,0.001447076,0.00005704505,2.775083e-7,0.0006830869,0.004891196,0.3388236,0.0008487813,0.0002937782,0.0002022635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967947,0.0004468368,0.0002947401,0.0006396933,0.0002337591,0.001403345,0.00002778812,0.00003342053,0.0001257045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981384,0.0008498493,0.0006003925,0.00001800474,0.00008381871,0.0001248893,0.000009167129,0.00005798869,0.0001175166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5459604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7798805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W571473022","doi":"10.17226/22406","title":"Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Transportation Research Board eBooks","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Software; Engineering; Computer science; Software engineering; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08593709525291618,"gpt":0.3726216904069366,"spread":0.2866845951540204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001588632,0.0002897636,0.000324569,0.0002541168,0.0001775804,0.0000375727,0.0002972987,0.0002283945,0.0002308098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001792272,0.0002509686,0.00009783976,0.0000795746,0.0001636456,0.00007476047,0.00001889893,0.0005121445,0.00002306694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003584338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004245679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008916166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001186184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967711,0.0001829394,0.000782116,0.0003269401,0.001526799,0.0004100967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987062,0.0002507393,0.0001562433,0.0004198282,0.0003575704,0.000109442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003308691,0.0001276531,0.01339196,0.01413234,0.001974567,0.0000331106,0.02088073,0.04342703,0.0208229,0.03781091,0.5746808,0.2723871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008307398,0.002391167,0.09977291,0.002940031,0.001450866,0.000002757258,0.002058984,0.03632422,0.1581926,0.06097815,0.6242605,0.003320336],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.04940921,0.000752302,0.841718,0.0003952159,0.001468961,0.0159972,0.0007703595,0.001002975,0.08848576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3994448,0.0005752344,0.03143275,0.0004399799,0.0009496574,0.002558107,0.001553868,0.0008002814,0.5622454],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8102853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W126961041","doi":"","title":"PREDICTING THERMAL CRACKING OF PAVEMENTS FROM BINDER PROPERTIES: THEORETICAL BASIS AND FIELD VALIDATION","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Proc","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cracking; Asphalt; Materials science; Rheometer; Stress (linguistics); Tension (geology); Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Thermal; Stiffness; Creep; Structural engineering; Engineering; Rheology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01018653552109632,"gpt":0.2248700897643671,"spread":0.2146835542432707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006474484,0.000157324,0.0002365518,0.0001102021,0.00007629654,0.00002380143,0.0001765057,0.0002821708,0.0003372152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004694614,0.0001509672,0.00004115803,0.0002283901,0.00007046592,0.0003410136,0.00004669966,0.0002096433,0.000007484993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001637846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002152752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003606699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005361533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985033,0.0000465655,0.000557768,0.0002040904,0.0004500481,0.0002382855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991954,0.0001650665,0.0002796086,0.0002075466,0.0001268216,0.00002557966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003893711,0.0001067037,0.7238111,0.000247956,0.000263603,6.112558e-7,0.001455758,0.006802011,0.08779722,0.0004800987,0.00008974654,0.1789062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008621164,0.0001935489,0.03766723,0.0003868241,0.0001050106,4.407069e-7,0.0003209299,0.1180716,0.8405299,0.001521672,0.00007269418,0.0002681331],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963766,0.0001565574,0.001342116,0.0002330499,0.00008367085,0.0003523071,0.00001162015,0.0003610775,0.00108304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983926,0.0001363307,0.00125757,0.0000276212,0.00003961823,0.00004638112,0.00001925845,0.0000232482,0.0000573789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7527326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6156265,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966717244","doi":"10.3141/2126-05","title":"Asphalt Cement Loss Tangent as Surrogate Performance Indicator for Control of Thermal Cracking","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Cracking; Cement; Rheometer; Materials science; Viscoelasticity; Asphalt concrete; Composite material; Structural engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Rheology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0616032693847551,"gpt":0.3639086515400785,"spread":0.3023053821553234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005628149,0.0002547623,0.0004628866,0.0008178232,0.0003842507,0.00005993472,0.0008399329,0.0001594587,0.0003016489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008351483,0.0002047398,0.0003276205,0.001019528,0.0002713877,0.0008065144,0.000002756797,0.001164016,0.00001849515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003194099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004140133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002425355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008369234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934785,0.0003815016,0.001597141,0.0002665541,0.003412996,0.0008632951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960114,0.0005045626,0.0004688582,0.0003725728,0.002372026,0.0002705493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007088151,0.0009100961,0.4386867,0.002287092,0.0009401537,0.00006194025,0.009229854,0.3144876,0.1018081,0.002791581,0.003932437,0.1177763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004419102,0.002092803,0.9348557,0.0005038717,0.0001100532,4.765293e-7,0.0006771969,0.01329314,0.03850136,0.0007044356,0.004581145,0.0002607318],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887429,0.0003845099,0.007106076,0.001301754,0.0004534879,0.001772839,0.00006699048,0.00003746196,0.0001339931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997435,0.00111522,0.0008980533,0.00005739518,0.000201136,0.0001127637,0.00002680858,0.00004977339,0.0001038269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4961689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8349046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063110136","doi":"10.1080/10298430600715667","title":"Performance grading of the Lamont, Alberta C-SHRP pavement trial binders","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Pavement Engineering","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Ministère des Transports","keywords":"Materials science; Cracking; Asphalt; Brittleness; Composite material; Grading (engineering); Brittle fracture; Structural engineering; Forensic engineering; Fracture (geology); Engineering; Civil engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009281352998695527,"gpt":0.2175078931087433,"spread":0.2082265401100477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004788878,0.0001808125,0.000199608,0.0002557254,0.0000332226,0.00003424077,0.0005157766,0.00004882981,0.0000969713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001940596,0.0001467706,0.0001588423,0.0001389671,0.00002003783,0.0003904586,0.00005005704,0.0002014018,0.000006347109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003284531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003773394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000254572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001373333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978375,0.00001514209,0.000877251,0.00009166068,0.000966088,0.0002123739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992589,0.00005982328,0.0003151492,0.0001534075,0.0001739727,0.00003876977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001034439,0.00007317698,0.005553578,0.00005733542,0.0002609833,0.000002747031,0.0001588946,0.9524288,0.03956363,0.0002622725,0.0006097142,0.0009254753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01779231,0.0003263034,0.01676935,0.0006552318,0.0001192957,0.00002638229,0.00009888525,0.6226276,0.3338758,0.00006123322,0.007226447,0.0004212296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871184,0.0001010203,0.00747305,0.0001100808,0.004288338,0.0002466624,0.000003040994,0.000025783,0.0006336038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983845,0.00005684339,0.0006008737,0.00001976403,0.0006873677,0.00001237521,0.000006077311,0.00002885927,0.0002032952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3298012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.598513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077660547","doi":"10.3141/1809-18","title":"Thermal Properties and Transient Temperature Response of Full-Depth Asphalt Pavements","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Asphalt concrete; Degree of saturation; Transient (computer programming); Saturation (graph theory); Work (physics); Thermal; Amplitude; Moisture; Compaction; Thermal effusivity; Geotechnical engineering; Asphalt; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Environmental science; Thermal resistance; Geology; Soil science; Thermal contact conductance; Soil water; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1080028952417557,"gpt":0.3313207517315981,"spread":0.2233178564898424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004712339,0.0002569679,0.0004050269,0.0008127512,0.000349994,0.0000788974,0.0005986731,0.0001821762,0.0004059187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009418496,0.0001878356,0.0002057017,0.00128025,0.0004990516,0.000815348,0.000004803246,0.001508232,0.00001341885],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001805866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001427447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00236513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993372,0.0009933914,0.001350714,0.0002699074,0.003328574,0.0006854578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968498,0.0003758036,0.0002428685,0.0003632136,0.001907887,0.0002604031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004285887,0.0003850657,0.06112074,0.001210697,0.0003936661,0.00005571256,0.01811017,0.04289396,0.8530763,0.0001233782,0.005166656,0.01317774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002637967,0.001283586,0.9316,0.0007109296,0.00007375474,9.676584e-7,0.002445762,0.007483416,0.05057694,0.00006570396,0.002853478,0.0002675105],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960642,0.001156994,0.0002200315,0.001018881,0.0003421042,0.0009989558,0.00003761504,0.00003675581,0.0001244278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966803,0.002098571,0.0005787671,0.00002019531,0.00009714887,0.00006721351,0.000007008697,0.00005949717,0.0003912599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8704792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7659714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988832641","doi":"10.3141/2444-12","title":"Effect of Waste Engine Oil Residue on Quality and Durability of SHRP Materials Reference Library Binders","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Durability; Materials science; Asphalt; Cracking; Dynamic shear rheometer; Composite material; Waste management; Environmental science; Rut; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0765928200526637,"gpt":0.3772286038127183,"spread":0.3006357837600546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01133347,0.0002289932,0.0006162063,0.0007410792,0.0001543802,0.00004179566,0.0005686443,0.000173489,0.0002551626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000345357,0.0001676862,0.00015469,0.0009710566,0.0004638286,0.0007252839,0.00000661156,0.001050369,0.000004692009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008876986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001565282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000761408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001135778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9925398,0.002307551,0.001721001,0.0002673299,0.002681927,0.0004823581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958231,0.002100355,0.0004432425,0.0004714693,0.0009632566,0.000198539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01154341,0.0003894411,0.4711254,0.01416277,0.0004738534,0.00001396981,0.003652636,0.04769008,0.3756967,0.003677655,0.001635538,0.06993857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001646822,0.001663886,0.627438,0.0006337986,0.00003926246,1.115921e-7,0.0002470684,0.0007356143,0.3667217,0.0005178268,0.0002209361,0.0001349363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979994,0.00008893316,0.0002906579,0.0004931694,0.0002423469,0.0004942362,0.00009402382,0.0000294161,0.0002678044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982287,0.00103617,0.0004343958,0.000008177001,0.00007993446,0.00003779044,0.00003383197,0.00004472485,0.00009629009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1563126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6838044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}