{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":438,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":438,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"2c62ea1d30f7","filters":{"topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion"}},"results":[{"id":"W2086953172","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.003","title":"Production, properties and catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to fuel additives and value-added chemicals","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":737,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Furfural; Furfuryl alcohol; Biofuel; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biomass (ecology); Furan; Renewable energy; Production (economics); Waste management; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Engineering; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Kai Yan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guosheng Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Todd Lafleur","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cody Jarvis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00950740968558394,"gpt":0.1915074901162548,"spread":0.1820000804306709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003855059,0.0003733441,0.0002538466,0.0003913899,0.0001755033,0.0004633103,0.0005762709,0.000330307,0.0009428806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042524,0.000207762,0.0002626427,0.0003628271,0.0003031777,0.0006121134,0.0002415778,0.0004195335,0.0005676197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005100965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000189507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001203458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001456157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997559,0.00003267821,0.00001511186,0.00003277596,0.0001158452,0.00004769679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999146,0.00002204932,0.00001615209,0.0000133742,0.00002777896,0.000005918444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001544007,0.0001062314,0.0004741063,0.0006924412,0.00003390326,0.0001277044,0.00009829656,0.001418802,0.9441792,0.001494287,0.0005778152,0.05064288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000390708,0.0001462129,0.001120264,0.00001291365,0.0000194327,0.0001451623,0.00002846537,0.0007331892,0.9870964,0.0001227711,0.01056372,0.000007560397],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.8621283,0.1139292,0.006819911,0.0005068629,0.00008391328,0.00004355798,0.0002514101,0.00007239782,0.01616454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9585634,0.03215941,0.001594266,0.00004579078,0.00005087552,0.00001058691,0.0002799259,0.00002710144,0.007268689],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001203458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003701031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2324991668","doi":"10.1021/cs5008393","title":"Carbon Materials as Catalyst Supports and Catalysts in the Transformation of Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Catalysis","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":692,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Catalysis; Lignin; Biorefinery; Carbon fibers; Cellulose; Chemical engineering; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biomass (ecology); Chemistry; Materials science; Catalyst support; Carbon nanotube supported catalyst; Hemicellulose; Organic chemistry; Carbon nanotube; Carbon nanofiber; Nanotechnology; Raw material; Composite number; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Edmond Lam","is_ca":true},{"name":"John H. T. Luong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003818985296367819,"gpt":0.1950826680872523,"spread":0.1912636827908845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004450179,0.0005690182,0.0003204858,0.001338742,0.0005236721,0.001038908,0.0005874268,0.001505687,0.001870541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003915678,0.000381928,0.000182106,0.0008861219,0.0006705911,0.0008365418,0.0004512319,0.0004860031,0.001455786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005769111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003160826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004956673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001040744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996077,0.00006505023,0.00001962604,0.00006816394,0.0002000929,0.00003934573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998548,0.0000650552,0.00001800606,0.00001575046,0.00002526255,0.00002106907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004592515,0.0002581429,0.001258613,0.002992276,0.00006860153,0.001057953,0.0001520013,0.006456791,0.6805587,0.08243345,0.009656937,0.2146473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003847773,0.000365464,0.001587436,0.0003250545,0.00004795166,0.000767613,0.0001519454,0.008281651,0.7880977,0.01550461,0.1847731,0.0000590884],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3592405,0.4719113,0.05545137,0.004531242,0.002418492,0.0002630571,0.001071888,0.0006689347,0.1044432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8210015,0.1149005,0.03637706,0.0004520027,0.0006373075,0.0001149767,0.0007377212,0.0001477032,0.0256312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001870541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006257594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000283953","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.11.007","title":"Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomass and Bioenergy","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":506,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Levulinic acid; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Biomass (ecology); Production (economics); Sustainable production; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Convertibility; Ecological footprint; Business; Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Natural resource economics; Sustainability; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Furfural; Economics; Catalysis","authors":[{"name":"Agneev Mukherjee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie‐Josée Dumont","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vijaya Raghavan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02326944391339345,"gpt":0.2100472609781858,"spread":0.1867778170647924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001323962,0.001380404,0.001937669,0.001954444,0.0004866602,0.002642084,0.001653538,0.002674795,0.004774785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002082005,0.0004245545,0.0005579846,0.004377629,0.0008543219,0.00312982,0.001015586,0.001643802,0.003295707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001210903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003764171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001502443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995178,0.0000626184,0.00007626646,0.00007908902,0.0002167094,0.00004752095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979231,0.0005975045,0.0003549607,0.00004069732,0.0008804552,0.0002033409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001386292,0.00004197864,0.0001533827,0.03747537,0.0002102691,0.000309019,0.000107639,0.0003726735,0.004788921,0.003559268,0.390313,0.5625299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001146942,0.00003919304,0.0002454268,0.001961306,0.00007464549,0.0003198606,0.00008768454,0.00003830168,0.0005509648,0.0006868482,0.995968,0.00001621718],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001876963,0.9894092,0.0002034673,0.002996956,0.005577745,0.00001194679,0.00005074627,0.0000127054,0.001549603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001156703,0.99349,0.0001704962,0.001253729,0.002302354,0.000009725226,0.0000695694,0.000003253833,0.001544272],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004774785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01597321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2280367163","doi":"10.1039/c5cy02197a","title":"Solvent effects in catalysis: rational improvements of catalysts via manipulation of solvent interactions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Science & Technology","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":364,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Catalysis; Selectivity; Solvent; Chemistry; Rational design; Solvent effects; Combinatorial chemistry; Organic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Paul J. Dyson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip G. Jessop","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006198279250844417,"gpt":0.2272540069032707,"spread":0.2210557276524263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000639501,0.0006649652,0.0005399724,0.0002613378,0.0002798994,0.0006948874,0.0004527388,0.0004568906,0.001039412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007956075,0.0003396913,0.0003233363,0.0003626765,0.0004944844,0.001270502,0.0005216202,0.0008102881,0.0004100048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003869442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003115168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003514292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001144457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996777,0.00007515067,0.00003093459,0.00005752551,0.00009630037,0.00006235761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998571,0.00006909761,0.00003670303,0.00001244834,0.00001571532,0.000008953257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004978558,0.0002240907,0.0006622231,0.0009116326,0.00005242104,0.0003903995,0.0001390666,0.009230139,0.931705,0.008218233,0.0006182558,0.04735065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007569631,0.0003108985,0.000411614,0.00002642655,0.00003215042,0.0001314712,0.00004000932,0.0082664,0.981636,0.001036888,0.008004921,0.00002736965],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8896902,0.0275919,0.0665093,0.001185281,0.0003279822,0.0002078923,0.0002791194,0.0006053574,0.013603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9659335,0.01427433,0.01774568,0.000193998,0.00006333012,0.00007316406,0.00009336005,0.00007172924,0.001550888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001039412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003477216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1910249335","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.021","title":"Production and catalytic transformation of levulinic acid: A platform for speciality chemicals and fuels","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":356,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Levulinic acid; Commodity chemicals; Biomass (ecology); Context (archaeology); Lignocellulosic biomass; Raw material; Renewable energy; Fossil fuel; Renewable fuels; Waste management; Chemistry; Biofuel; Biochemical engineering; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Catalysis; Cellulose; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Kai Yan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cody Jarvis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jing Gu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong Yan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02685441824801831,"gpt":0.2423620056567315,"spread":0.2155075874087131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002599226,0.0006979929,0.0002910974,0.0003553341,0.0002285551,0.0005773286,0.0005478115,0.0005158311,0.0009385872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001590077,0.0001843511,0.000367879,0.0003091175,0.0002944789,0.0005804858,0.0005330998,0.0006615115,0.0007208412],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005204066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002681628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005950627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008238067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998397,0.00002887419,0.000008294135,0.00002876546,0.00005270342,0.00004167784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999636,0.000005388349,0.000006009681,0.000006064336,0.000009928323,0.000009040376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006182063,0.00007018776,0.0001296663,0.0003941326,0.00003549914,0.0002538399,0.00006445068,0.0007427586,0.9698882,0.003326444,0.000540211,0.02449282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003210645,0.000085989,0.0001114207,0.000007381966,0.00001109666,0.0001464921,0.000017435,0.0005039461,0.9837294,0.0001720314,0.01520623,0.000005266997],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.7749429,0.09182333,0.07249322,0.001723299,0.0009434858,0.0001916705,0.0003178299,0.0005654003,0.05699876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9448033,0.02582951,0.01129183,0.0001421547,0.00007419212,0.00003376309,0.0002840128,0.00006696067,0.01747435],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009385872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003775835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013349709","doi":"10.1038/nchem.1609","title":"The hydrodeoxygenation of bioderived furans into alkanes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":346,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","keywords":"Hydrodeoxygenation; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Biomass (ecology); Furan; Carbon chain; Carbon fibers; Oxygenate; Alkane; Molecule; Selectivity","authors":[{"name":"Andrew D. Sutton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fraser D. Waldie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ruilian Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel Schlaf","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis A. Silks","is_ca":false},{"name":"John C. Gordon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.000908049287013537,"gpt":0.1577334315945592,"spread":0.1568253823075457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000120614,0.0002804018,0.00009489037,0.0001277977,0.0001110842,0.0001452627,0.0001487152,0.0001856691,0.0009637649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001101149,0.0001056085,0.0001552766,0.0001010916,0.0001982394,0.0003419959,0.0002323162,0.0003175469,0.0003492764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002462859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002803927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006819096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001591905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999238,0.000007341215,0.000005812078,0.00001529629,0.00001409683,0.0000336456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999512,0.000008571631,0.000009007166,0.00001023842,0.00001006326,0.00001084729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000104138,0.00003334866,0.0003124395,0.00006457307,0.000007682416,0.0001547126,0.0000797692,0.0004364146,0.9880611,0.001174506,0.0001187599,0.009452609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002836005,0.00007067189,0.000350281,0.000002138242,0.000003090049,0.00006524217,0.00001152459,0.0001812526,0.9977757,0.00008527161,0.001448597,0.000003260333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901658,0.000624425,0.004625218,0.0001253516,0.00006015001,0.00001972183,0.0001377427,0.00003756869,0.004204124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947693,0.0004049562,0.001474587,0.00003868797,0.000005192218,0.000006543897,0.0001033024,0.00001436848,0.003183089],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009637649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003224134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046768652","doi":"10.1039/c1ee02743c","title":"Revealing pyrolysis chemistry for biofuels production: Conversion of cellulose to furans and small oxygenates","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Environmental Science","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":319,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; Office of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Cellulose; Pyrolysis; Pyrolysis oil; Oxygenate; Biomass (ecology); Chemistry; Biofuel; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Biopolymer; Waste management; Polymer; Catalysis","authors":[{"name":"Matthew S. Mettler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samir H. Mushrif","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alex D. Paulsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ashay Javadekar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dionisios G. Vlachos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Dauenhauer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008978407868499514,"gpt":0.16119664180461,"spread":0.1522182339361104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001532352,0.0003399268,0.0002144532,0.00009666656,0.0002758063,0.0003715698,0.000231553,0.000347812,0.0008708768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002408419,0.000212929,0.0002224641,0.0001191664,0.0003413892,0.0005966455,0.0001868748,0.0006603487,0.0001399469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003632139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003880136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008243223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009879448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999548,0.000007856841,0.000001791578,0.000008554643,0.00001976283,0.000007137734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999603,0.00002095437,0.000005583614,0.000004991924,0.000004351137,0.000003753598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001193035,0.00008472888,0.001065102,0.0002568328,0.00002089463,0.0001472564,0.00008139008,0.04710846,0.9361708,0.006483681,0.0001609746,0.00830062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004131016,0.000128522,0.0009517615,0.00001073028,0.00001492322,0.00008883885,0.00004656427,0.2378616,0.7555838,0.003555756,0.001697005,0.00001916256],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9565861,0.001209065,0.0381471,0.0003862596,0.00003997353,0.00003298805,0.0001164595,0.0001226493,0.003359313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793189,0.001266065,0.01864945,0.00002730736,0.000005293288,0.00001677297,0.00007750713,0.00001883829,0.0006198171],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008708768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002913415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810881574","doi":"10.1039/c8gc00234g","title":"Catalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to some value-added derivatives","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":309,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Nanjing Agricultural University; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","keywords":"5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Catalysis; Chemistry; Value (mathematics); Hydroxymethylfurfural; Organic chemistry; Furfural; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Xiao Kong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yifeng Zhu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhen Fang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janusz A. Koziński","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian S. Butler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lujiang Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Song He","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaojie Wei","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006884274361076009,"gpt":0.2068045479448922,"spread":0.1999202735838162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001794474,0.0007668172,0.0003273483,0.0003950084,0.0002693466,0.0003369905,0.0005621001,0.0004262363,0.002268126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001885229,0.0001826219,0.0004239458,0.000457583,0.0001727648,0.0005877382,0.0002568955,0.0005834809,0.00160237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005887617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002914628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008465286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001573042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998965,0.00001338432,0.000008487802,0.00001656913,0.00003319571,0.00003192778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999597,0.000009033843,0.000009244987,0.000005562437,0.00001017267,0.000006252328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001558136,0.0001210491,0.0003845209,0.002504466,0.00006236891,0.0007291746,0.00009672683,0.003032872,0.9009298,0.009929162,0.002332985,0.07972109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009770747,0.0003160294,0.0006791191,0.00008505638,0.0000419454,0.0007802522,0.00004490289,0.001311377,0.9305837,0.0008904546,0.06523245,0.00002499661],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5053899,0.2624901,0.135991,0.002500871,0.001315605,0.0005460555,0.002252223,0.0008571362,0.08865704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8417428,0.1112592,0.02687495,0.0003627229,0.0001361094,0.0001562875,0.001401314,0.00006469677,0.01800214],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002268126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007587671,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011876999","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2012.04.001","title":"Solid acid mediated hydrolysis of biomass for producing biofuels","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":275,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrolysis; Chemistry; Cellulose; Catalysis; Lignocellulosic biomass; Organic chemistry; Biomass (ecology); Biofuel; Waste management","authors":[{"name":"Feng Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhen Fang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard L. Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01123634088852634,"gpt":0.2597281318028765,"spread":0.2484917909143502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000317596,0.000554333,0.0003074797,0.0004375855,0.0002637918,0.0005461611,0.0003781138,0.0004401476,0.002118113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003016349,0.0002331952,0.0003194815,0.0003924032,0.0002538351,0.0006803115,0.0004660611,0.0007604804,0.0009139843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003715809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003702595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000505532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001240431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998186,0.00002668827,0.00001387305,0.00002310593,0.00007125305,0.00004650607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999305,0.00001651082,0.000008715099,0.000009840941,0.00001911026,0.00001541194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001457074,0.00005179107,0.0001102624,0.0001537168,0.00001520114,0.00008774489,0.00002749706,0.0004225466,0.9886429,0.0008826841,0.0001822004,0.009277798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001048468,0.00008390363,0.0002233416,0.00000616125,0.000007971426,0.00003331172,0.00001779104,0.0009258849,0.9956624,0.0001386409,0.002885468,0.000004704747],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689956,0.006393971,0.01291602,0.0003570354,0.0002738747,0.00006275768,0.0003716293,0.0001325668,0.01049661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855592,0.002921041,0.003804544,0.00005353917,0.00003314066,0.00002196265,0.0005252509,0.00003066899,0.007050664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002118113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0070858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965790634","doi":"10.1039/c3gc42436g","title":"Direct conversion of chitin into a N-containing furan derivative","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":267,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Ministry of Education, India","keywords":"Furan; Chitin; Derivative (finance); Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Combinatorial chemistry; Chitosan; Business","authors":[{"name":"Xi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shu Ling Chew","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesca M. Kerton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ning Yan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003806692743786417,"gpt":0.1771597454169551,"spread":0.1733530526731687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007557808,0.000222671,0.0001010028,0.00008957524,0.0001314116,0.0001281599,0.0002101556,0.0002564347,0.001700347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009697187,0.00006147155,0.0001325997,0.0001311075,0.0001308273,0.0002365656,0.0001525993,0.0003497621,0.0003690319],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002384683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002336662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001527614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003349922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999355,0.000005703404,0.000003127927,0.00001393466,0.00001829673,0.0000234695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999741,0.000005177138,0.000004957971,0.000004609457,0.000003875338,0.000007113387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005414097,0.00002841185,0.0001265742,0.0000634423,0.000005148826,0.0001743801,0.00004568427,0.0001236329,0.9921583,0.0007401682,0.0001629222,0.006317105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006142429,0.0001241809,0.0005872091,0.000005179395,0.000003227927,0.0001716474,0.00002227726,0.0004161679,0.9955636,0.0001378717,0.002954859,0.000007641228],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9685782,0.0007820752,0.01253929,0.0001691124,0.00005338325,0.00004813475,0.000337202,0.0001186461,0.01737407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991538,0.0003343933,0.003065816,0.00004297305,0.000002844931,0.00001476189,0.0001998567,0.00001399941,0.004787344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001700347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00568819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088743335","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.050","title":"Acid-catalyzed conversion of xylose, xylan and straw into furfural by microwave-assisted reaction","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":266,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu","keywords":"Furfural; Xylose; Chemistry; Xylan; Catalysis; Straw; Biomass (ecology); Nuclear chemistry; Organic chemistry; Hydrolysis; Inorganic chemistry; Fermentation; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Oktay Yemiş","is_ca":true},{"name":"Giuseppe Mazza","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007695827572901204,"gpt":0.1781828716266275,"spread":0.1704870440537263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001835047,0.0002902928,0.0002222714,0.0002034493,0.0001440126,0.0001436203,0.0002515046,0.0002066241,0.0008216152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001166155,0.00009806368,0.0002257308,0.0002048807,0.0001321158,0.0002691058,0.0001785534,0.0002758448,0.0002634188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001851931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002308294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007687664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001064376,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999218,0.00001727794,0.000005418505,0.000008999131,0.00001564537,0.00003092329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999797,0.000004038162,0.000003184697,0.000002935963,0.000004643421,0.000005436398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001809704,0.00003339707,0.0002253999,0.0001007387,0.00001498095,0.0001209839,0.00004662114,0.0002588906,0.9925331,0.0004595476,0.00008674207,0.005938515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001310753,0.0001233541,0.0007626641,0.000003060916,0.00001309463,0.00007716566,0.00001332769,0.000747511,0.9962847,0.00007353894,0.00188274,0.000005843651],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858912,0.001993317,0.008574879,0.0001044504,0.00004855361,0.00002996955,0.0001201913,0.00006325825,0.003174343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962514,0.0005394802,0.001837017,0.00001253399,0.000006517006,0.000006544822,0.00009214678,0.000004916724,0.001249365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008216152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002748609,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128033526","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2013.06.042","title":"Selective hydrogenation of furfural and levulinic acid to biofuels on the ecofriendly Cu–Fe catalyst","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":261,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Furfural; Levulinic acid; Catalysis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Chemistry; Hydrodeoxygenation; Desorption; Materials science; Biomass (ecology); Yield (engineering); Nuclear chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Selectivity; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Kai Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aicheng Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007960001020504244,"gpt":0.1953636612117856,"spread":0.1874036601912814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001653138,0.0003342454,0.0002356821,0.0002855781,0.0002422908,0.000278063,0.0005557789,0.0003341629,0.0008754572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001900277,0.0001769004,0.0001794287,0.0002049967,0.0001660912,0.0003978666,0.0002748946,0.0003315921,0.0004236292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003768618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001918053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001754612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003992811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998657,0.00002168688,0.000009125552,0.00002175051,0.00003123367,0.00005048298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999605,0.000006195666,0.000006189488,0.000006763757,0.00001235536,0.000007912129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002562656,0.00005382346,0.0003903616,0.0001256563,0.00002559215,0.0002442339,0.00006276261,0.0004654446,0.985081,0.0007845178,0.000685625,0.01182476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009020995,0.00006156142,0.0005340527,0.000003238709,0.0000100882,0.00008111721,0.00001949416,0.001599168,0.9949313,0.0000511063,0.002693815,0.000006012615],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913446,0.001105372,0.00331703,0.0001510673,0.00006847211,0.0000154488,0.00009851063,0.00009150058,0.003808028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99669,0.0003170223,0.0007483801,0.0000171718,0.00000906171,0.000003845711,0.00009513229,0.00001224033,0.002107128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001754612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003488839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2211578417","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.008","title":"Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":238,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Glycerol; Biodiesel; Chemistry; Catalysis; Biodiesel production; Organic chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Malaya R. Nanda","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yongsheng Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhongshun Yuan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wensheng Qin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hassan S. Ghaziaskar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01769090377193097,"gpt":0.2693890951841382,"spread":0.2516981914122072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004388021,0.001077755,0.001299111,0.002574804,0.0002643278,0.0009553582,0.0007991075,0.0006860622,0.00260602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004334513,0.0003858353,0.0005596037,0.002939598,0.0002498468,0.001206684,0.0006730144,0.0008943612,0.001320305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000400613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000923658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001032321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002942322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998174,0.00001659334,0.00002357051,0.00003545726,0.000082112,0.00002478557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998318,0.00006071403,0.00003667415,0.00000552589,0.00005088167,0.0000142964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001007386,0.0001489502,0.0002634482,0.05670121,0.0002503484,0.0003484594,0.00009528232,0.0007537937,0.02279334,0.005128885,0.01968904,0.8937266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001635774,0.0001328043,0.0006644027,0.003187567,0.0002886404,0.0007675785,0.0000830869,0.0002484186,0.008100847,0.001246399,0.9852278,0.00003605389],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005671894,0.9973553,0.0003402924,0.000105058,0.0001502256,0.00000857573,0.00003523135,0.00001081943,0.001427198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002082546,0.9965694,0.0003305839,0.00006313001,0.00005513927,0.000006369784,0.0000395737,0.000001997642,0.0008512767],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00260602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008718073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993813154","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.100","title":"Acidic deep eutectic solvents pretreatment for selective lignocellulosic biomass fractionation with enhanced cellulose reactivity","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Lignocellulosic biomass; Cellulose; Fractionation; Chemistry; Reactivity (psychology); Biomass (ecology); Deep eutectic solvent; Eutectic system; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Agronomy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Dong Tian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yüjie Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jinguang Hu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gang Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jing Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ling Luo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yinlong Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shihuai Deng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ouping Deng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fei Shen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008743145793611426,"gpt":0.2296040647204619,"spread":0.2208609189268505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001152424,0.0003868773,0.0002213421,0.0001920877,0.000148566,0.0002057522,0.0001556427,0.0002036061,0.0008846637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009676625,0.0001515623,0.0001995707,0.0001545823,0.0001529597,0.000254338,0.00032089,0.0004154401,0.0004356703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001533179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001753094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003646507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001019308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999216,0.000008073209,0.000006389199,0.00001442522,0.00002522532,0.00002421504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999704,0.000005757033,0.00000755266,0.000003805587,0.000006409016,0.000006019038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005903396,0.000008024786,0.00006414985,0.00002702895,0.000003186762,0.00003618268,0.000009477762,0.00008048397,0.9978532,0.00006679544,0.0000305731,0.001761821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004113921,0.00003886925,0.0004739701,0.000001847212,0.000006861876,0.00004678985,0.000007815566,0.0004310594,0.9982646,0.0000214166,0.0006996405,0.000002875337],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846245,0.001795593,0.01054178,0.00007646704,0.00003970093,0.00002928237,0.0001630273,0.0000792249,0.00265041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937162,0.0007878097,0.002899951,0.00004605155,0.00001041888,0.00001574685,0.0001184105,0.00002252855,0.002382919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008846637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00295943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150845672","doi":"10.1039/b608007c","title":"Selective deoxygenation of sugar polyols to α,ω-diols and other oxygen content reduced materials—a new challenge to homogeneous ionic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis catalysis","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dalton Transactions","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Deoxygenation; Hydrogenolysis; Homogeneous; Catalysis; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Sugar; Ionic liquid; Ionic bonding; Homogeneous catalysis","authors":[{"name":"Marcel Schlaf","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01217476402160915,"gpt":0.20378132209276,"spread":0.1916065580711509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001599322,0.000223609,0.0001768217,0.0001056091,0.0001633667,0.000409547,0.0002464586,0.0002934277,0.001022919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000210442,0.0001061264,0.0001168975,0.0001586801,0.000397681,0.000934415,0.0002565469,0.0005672495,0.0006691696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001592584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001403449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001466714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003943359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999216,0.0000100833,0.000003724421,0.00002174219,0.00002623202,0.00001668097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999052,0.00002561018,0.00001630623,0.00001939048,0.00001896049,0.00001448236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009861525,0.00002178255,0.0003828008,0.0001530649,0.000007515546,0.00008236234,0.00006036295,0.0002581598,0.9426839,0.00853352,0.001027226,0.04669059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000612934,0.00009563591,0.0003217696,0.00000923829,0.000007193346,0.0002326524,0.00007081011,0.0007296606,0.9644854,0.003676859,0.03035677,0.00000788039],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.833154,0.0478047,0.07845149,0.006132699,0.000873278,0.0000376911,0.0003459443,0.0005853818,0.03261478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9549975,0.02087962,0.01303398,0.0006331768,0.0001238681,0.00001510682,0.0002267384,0.00010157,0.009988543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001022919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003421962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009727970","doi":"10.1039/c0cc04699j","title":"Towards “green” electronic materials. α-Oligofurans as semiconductors","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Communications","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Furan; Organic semiconductor; Thiophene; Semiconductor; Electronics; Solubility; Organic electronics; Materials science; Molecule; Fluorescence; Nanotechnology; Combinatorial chemistry; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Computational chemistry; Chemical physics; Physical chemistry; Optoelectronics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Ori Gidron","is_ca":false},{"name":"Afshin Dadvand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Y. Sheynin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Bendikov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dmitrii F. Perepichka","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008018198056575207,"gpt":0.2292416611038414,"spread":0.2212234630472662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001620047,0.0002410737,0.00009414814,0.0001863076,0.0001368598,0.0002680478,0.0002189726,0.0003701644,0.0008940511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001381358,0.0001233225,0.00009065687,0.0001440438,0.0002957862,0.0004441398,0.0002107022,0.0003841743,0.0006494567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002965406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001267582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002214208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005014974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999304,0.00001906137,0.000003706552,0.00001279374,0.00002116793,0.00001286365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999536,0.00001550856,0.000007431366,0.000003567891,0.00001119244,0.000008668739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006392934,0.00005704215,0.000205198,0.0004050918,0.00000864092,0.0003115084,0.0001440927,0.001866909,0.9334697,0.03779626,0.001140728,0.02453092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002379844,0.0002151909,0.0002994264,0.00004361216,0.000008729305,0.0003033766,0.00004206306,0.004690462,0.941185,0.00684187,0.04633665,0.000009794033],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.753536,0.05753763,0.1188485,0.003433038,0.0009222372,0.0002200277,0.0002510816,0.0004906122,0.06476084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8966503,0.02447719,0.05911332,0.0009311915,0.0001273755,0.0000996263,0.0001778855,0.0000427527,0.01838027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008940511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002990842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901440519","doi":"10.1039/c8re00226f","title":"Origins of complex solvent effects on chemical reactivity and computational tools to investigate them: a review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Hospital Edmonton; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reactivity (psychology); Solvent; Selectivity; Chemistry; Catalysis; Solvent effects; Computational simulation; Computational chemistry; Biochemical engineering; Combinatorial chemistry; Computer science; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Medicine; Computational science","authors":[{"name":"Jithin John Varghese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samir H. Mushrif","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04124132279388559,"gpt":0.2731293102387738,"spread":0.2318879874448882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005104615,0.0007533069,0.000989781,0.001147927,0.0002841948,0.0007413081,0.0007865645,0.0007119495,0.002979523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000848588,0.0003632009,0.000473967,0.001315897,0.0004568697,0.001348988,0.0006711556,0.001038279,0.001200384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003951076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008020079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007027686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001254535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998564,0.00002652115,0.00001592296,0.00003483714,0.00004988029,0.00001649491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996411,0.0002314983,0.00003829215,0.00001607798,0.00006195946,0.00001114203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009521529,0.0001020492,0.0005546002,0.05293334,0.0002368669,0.0005085739,0.0001519536,0.00402668,0.01595961,0.05038542,0.02032246,0.8547232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000165081,0.0001242869,0.0006288475,0.003349099,0.0002123078,0.001032489,0.00007758526,0.001013861,0.009643294,0.01087563,0.9729769,0.00004922006],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008758428,0.9947067,0.001304968,0.0002927972,0.0001591226,0.00000772987,0.00004335624,0.00002116964,0.002588314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004258429,0.9939168,0.0008424493,0.0001209665,0.0000977473,0.00001323733,0.00004477609,0.00000811384,0.0006975283],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002979523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009967506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063857989","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.066","title":"Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of a catalytic process to convert glycerol into solketal as an oxygenated fuel additive","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Imperial Oil (Canada); Lakehead University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Acetone; Catalysis; Glycerol; Yield (engineering); Batch reactor; Organic chemistry; Biodiesel; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Malaya R. Nanda","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhongshun Yuan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wensheng Qin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hassan S. Ghaziaskar","is_ca":false},{"name":"M A Poirier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007444594845588257,"gpt":0.240865278121387,"spread":0.2334206832757987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004025015,0.0002718854,0.0002476684,0.0004300767,0.0004166144,0.0003908076,0.0006411161,0.0002616167,0.001486351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007038661,0.0001714616,0.00027944,0.0003057818,0.0005413956,0.0004266935,0.0001830115,0.0005255059,0.0002603266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006093003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005306615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005142387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004429526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997668,0.00003147192,0.00001288599,0.00003530677,0.000103468,0.00005010873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998506,0.00006889096,0.00001577785,0.00001068266,0.00004110447,0.00001287467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001901218,0.0004634823,0.004205807,0.0002485403,0.00007001968,0.000264947,0.0002305755,0.00542822,0.9720252,0.004276644,0.0003690892,0.01051619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002521016,0.0002813321,0.002936176,0.000005582607,0.00002149111,0.00008899366,0.00008792926,0.01591686,0.979362,0.0002391285,0.001012949,0.00002228416],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960563,0.0003130366,0.001715362,0.00005332928,0.00001332037,0.00001344715,0.0002199586,0.00001672488,0.001598496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988519,0.0001210551,0.0004015285,0.000004583168,0.000003117141,0.000004944535,0.0001587656,0.000006363421,0.0004478631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005142387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01022494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068808702","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.035","title":"Efficient hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural and levulinic acid on the facilely synthesized noble-metal-free Cu–Cr catalyst","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Furfural; Furfuryl alcohol; Levulinic acid; Catalysis; Noble metal; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Chemistry; Yield (engineering); Metal; Inorganic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Kai Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aicheng Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008390423818877214,"gpt":0.1749808251360939,"spread":0.1665904013172167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001610544,0.0004037652,0.0003391975,0.0002263638,0.0001738235,0.0002669923,0.0005893366,0.0003680033,0.0008725809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001682449,0.0001793598,0.000245286,0.0002424755,0.0001653758,0.0003146572,0.0002925213,0.000378917,0.0004521288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003067316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002639594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00139221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003059068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999832,0.00002109935,0.00001163297,0.00002817386,0.0000454409,0.00006153197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999529,0.000006620326,0.000008999214,0.000008381057,0.00001255834,0.00001061666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001325385,0.00002421258,0.0001291128,0.0001128789,0.00002069105,0.0001438866,0.00003773833,0.0002285805,0.9920924,0.0006081476,0.0002572222,0.006212406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008916402,0.00005197875,0.0002814254,0.000002139714,0.00001111683,0.00006003894,0.0000152673,0.001215295,0.9967789,0.00003395265,0.001535043,0.000005961743],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98873,0.00122383,0.005757607,0.0001398218,0.00007548305,0.00002125692,0.0001456526,0.0001597007,0.003746605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960383,0.0003186194,0.001833325,0.00001565392,0.000006972661,0.000005176144,0.000105199,0.0000165396,0.001660213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00139221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002919078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2184781793","doi":"10.1021/jacs.5b10257","title":"Highly Selective Formation of <i>n</i>-Butanol from Ethanol through the Guerbet Process: A Tandem Catalytic Approach","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":188,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Division of Chemistry; Center for Enabling New Technologies Through Catalysis; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Chemistry; Catalysis; Acetaldehyde; Crotonaldehyde; Dehydrogenation; Iridium; Tandem; Butanol; Nickel; Yield (engineering); Bifunctional; Organic chemistry; Ethanol","authors":[{"name":"Sumit Chakraborty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paige E. Piszel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cassandra E. Hayes","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Tom Baker","is_ca":true},{"name":"William D. Jones","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01239113319843341,"gpt":0.2273114388748428,"spread":0.2149203056764094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002621376,0.0007085013,0.0004676201,0.0003785199,0.0002544073,0.0003749967,0.0006490638,0.0004124115,0.0008147198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002289852,0.0002336417,0.0002544013,0.0002726902,0.0002955781,0.0006215643,0.0006165683,0.0006230756,0.0007175215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000392351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003182416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007121436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002070361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997547,0.00002978021,0.00001536051,0.00007964781,0.00006056657,0.00005997746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999926,0.00001015137,0.00001800976,0.00001166719,0.00001615959,0.0000179554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004262598,0.00002220275,0.00007679228,0.00007229765,0.00001082356,0.0001301076,0.00003095276,0.0001388821,0.995052,0.0004430262,0.0001359135,0.003844458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000514821,0.0000521834,0.0001009019,0.000001915979,0.000006749701,0.0001027061,0.00000966956,0.0004188576,0.9976427,0.00004201916,0.001611009,0.000006144166],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9172451,0.006385339,0.05578697,0.0004866497,0.0001931316,0.0002501385,0.000370706,0.0008629659,0.01841891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9667437,0.003118608,0.0227472,0.0001437577,0.00003549918,0.00006017893,0.0002595844,0.00008837594,0.006803181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008147198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002846718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969679057","doi":"10.1002/bbb.1360","title":"Product developments in the bio‐based chemicals arena","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Biorefinery; Value added; Biofuel; Production (economics); Chemical industry; Business; Investment (military); Renewable resource; Biorefining; Biochemical engineering; Biotechnology; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Engineering; Waste management; Economics","authors":[{"name":"E. de Jong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrian P. Higson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick Walsh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Wellisch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01607194837133891,"gpt":0.2107330620232885,"spread":0.1946611136519495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001478042,0.000585022,0.0001960996,0.001913377,0.0006977202,0.003832096,0.0007861055,0.002521514,0.04149802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007858007,0.0002183719,0.0004679898,0.0017859,0.000725735,0.002852218,0.001360604,0.002290792,0.01607158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002667728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002488428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001692064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001536846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993166,0.00008516995,0.00003087606,0.0001061432,0.0003688731,0.0000923975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989631,0.0001722258,0.00008897611,0.00007909097,0.00048722,0.0002094592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002420647,0.0008091294,0.001585005,0.001805642,0.00002886125,0.0009303275,0.000274772,0.001531281,0.07028852,0.2740226,0.1165265,0.5319552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006984001,0.0001038406,0.000714893,0.0001610196,0.000003245707,0.0001394015,0.00007418322,0.0001286693,0.01103043,0.002906028,0.9847243,0.000007052121],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0260176,0.06982385,0.006993805,0.01533878,0.002376393,0.000219543,0.001907126,0.0003398853,0.8769831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1978873,0.1662188,0.02543759,0.008767252,0.001584192,0.000320445,0.004681179,0.0003121728,0.5947909],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04149802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1388248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063189006","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2012.12.010","title":"Liquid phase chemo-selective catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Catalysis A General","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":179,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"University of Saskatchewan; Canadian Light Source","keywords":"Furfuryl alcohol; Furfural; Catalysis; Alcohol; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Liquid phase; Phase (matter)","authors":[{"name":"Rajesh Sharma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Umashankar Das","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ramaswami Sammynaiken","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ajay K. Dalai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01009899544161643,"gpt":0.2399743476024588,"spread":0.2298753521608423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001229477,0.0002499512,0.0002291584,0.0001758286,0.0001731338,0.0002933057,0.0004025635,0.0002899089,0.002153072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001507684,0.0001725094,0.0001808952,0.0001520974,0.0002816052,0.0004501422,0.0003715823,0.0003965421,0.0008602124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004586779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002885211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001229238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002225699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998735,0.00001522082,0.000006174871,0.00002563541,0.00003158754,0.000047867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999554,0.00001126212,0.000009643057,0.000006703322,0.000009567577,0.000007471601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001226421,0.00004639736,0.0001081083,0.00005480951,0.000004860123,0.00008775875,0.00002513937,0.000152841,0.9938589,0.0004783843,0.00031567,0.004744531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000854156,0.00006860081,0.0001371668,0.000001377308,0.000002453816,0.00002701821,0.000008817987,0.0005731181,0.9979296,0.00002795653,0.00121244,0.000002876404],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772307,0.0008636066,0.01077237,0.0004402886,0.00009020269,0.00005496408,0.0002739587,0.0003026882,0.009971297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947445,0.0002866625,0.001385663,0.00005606184,0.00001380559,0.00001310167,0.0001461042,0.00002148505,0.003332606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002153072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007202744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797748398","doi":"10.1186/s13068-018-1034-y","title":"Deep Eutectic Solvents pretreatment of agro-industrial food waste","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biotechnology for Biofuels","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Choline chloride; Biomass (ecology); Chemistry; Glycerol; Deep eutectic solvent; Pulp and paper industry; Sugar; Biofuel; Ionic liquid; Ethylene glycol; Hydrolysis; Food science; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biotechnology; Eutectic system; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Catalysis; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Alessandra Procentese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesca Raganati","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giuseppe Olivieri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Elena Russo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lars Rehmann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Antonio Marzocchella","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01843565359175212,"gpt":0.21556618237768,"spread":0.1971305287859278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000924675,0.0003951359,0.0002481473,0.0002242157,0.0001066451,0.0001800297,0.00009365565,0.0001596986,0.0007430441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009047957,0.00009486956,0.0002491774,0.000241634,0.0001269094,0.0002035872,0.0002268882,0.0003031103,0.0002820037],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000145524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001283826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004567522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001218246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999081,0.00001173471,0.000008387637,0.00002145117,0.00002875879,0.00002169134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999565,0.000008565915,0.00001343354,0.000005049477,0.00001040757,0.000006008252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000295409,0.000005579033,0.0001352078,0.00003688295,0.00000364131,0.00003225602,0.00001123795,0.0001272164,0.9981474,0.00001512281,0.000008274216,0.001447754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.938203e-7,0.00004223698,0.0009527756,0.000002050583,0.000004486913,0.00003954945,0.00001277573,0.00009874949,0.9982096,0.00001044386,0.0006247192,0.000001717128],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936007,0.001102817,0.003831777,0.00002602521,0.000009114186,0.00001495272,0.000216547,0.00002585725,0.001172142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906307,0.001951527,0.004267356,0.00003000684,0.000005948319,0.0000134592,0.0004707676,0.00002551127,0.002604785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007430441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002485693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993556141","doi":"10.1016/j.catcom.2013.01.010","title":"One-step synthesis of mesoporous H4SiW12O40-SiO2 catalysts for the production of methyl and ethyl levulinate biodiesel","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Communications","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Levulinic acid; Catalysis; Mesoporous material; Ionic liquid; Yield (engineering); Chemistry; Biodiesel production; Transesterification; Organic chemistry; Biodiesel; Methanol; Ether; Polyethylene glycol; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Kai Yan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guosheng Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jiali Wen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aicheng Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02589574725182155,"gpt":0.2386187826269975,"spread":0.212723035375176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001185982,0.0003596555,0.000250062,0.0003228641,0.0001956314,0.0001992356,0.0002877462,0.0002389669,0.001400804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001222992,0.0002026016,0.0002172633,0.000206935,0.0001406786,0.0002787487,0.0002396754,0.0002754466,0.0004345097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002175681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002895355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009528175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003354778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999935,0.000003870356,0.000006096757,0.00001039129,0.00002684454,0.00001776781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999972,0.000005304824,0.000004849996,0.000003180632,0.000005864171,0.000008800881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009834008,0.00003111509,0.0001815067,0.0001046873,0.00001297838,0.0000799352,0.00002533253,0.0002166784,0.9952331,0.0001892199,0.00008420848,0.003742988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001307179,0.00009382059,0.001262164,0.000004680854,0.00001069963,0.0000434249,0.00002008061,0.001219965,0.9958753,0.00004434502,0.001406959,0.000005603873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922863,0.0006952172,0.002731629,0.00005406621,0.00003728977,0.00003579067,0.0003163141,0.0001348004,0.003708631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952148,0.0004874818,0.001688562,0.00001290786,0.000009262051,0.00001506121,0.0002482397,0.00002382573,0.002299853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001400804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004686117,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075909800","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.031","title":"Optimization of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production from wheat straw by a microwave-assisted process","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu","keywords":"Furfural; Xylose; Chemistry; Straw; Response surface methodology; Hemicellulose; Yield (engineering); Furan; Sugar; Central composite design; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Catalysis; Raw material; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Nuclear chemistry; Food science; Organic chemistry; Lignin; Chromatography; Fermentation; Inorganic chemistry; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Oktay Yemiş","is_ca":true},{"name":"Giuseppe Mazza","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005165245107678773,"gpt":0.1956473513839067,"spread":0.1904821062762279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003251421,0.0005294532,0.0005004213,0.0002928106,0.0002479408,0.00048851,0.0003206515,0.0003636466,0.0005179153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000238179,0.0002067437,0.0005569562,0.0004904344,0.0001606322,0.000299489,0.0002245557,0.0003908998,0.0002326068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003339181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003216999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001246795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002336819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997707,0.0000491238,0.00002610239,0.00004297057,0.00005997316,0.00005115657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999347,0.00001443601,0.00001690269,0.00000730254,0.00001600128,0.00001070931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002156471,0.00008779031,0.0001835727,0.00005968018,0.00001371641,0.00005028615,0.00001747175,0.0007503151,0.9962967,0.00005348075,0.00002392352,0.002247443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001754857,0.0003022024,0.001097107,0.000002951501,0.0000223594,0.00002698092,0.00001891646,0.00147916,0.9964411,0.00001386349,0.0005706732,0.000007053573],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958691,0.0004391746,0.002834775,0.00004280994,0.00001414993,0.00002600087,0.00009748316,0.0000214308,0.0006550527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960103,0.0003381498,0.002897748,0.00001050525,0.000004545072,0.00002153846,0.0001487945,0.000008849421,0.0005596451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001246795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002479076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086533911","doi":"10.1007/s11244-010-9568-7","title":"High Yield Conversion of Residual Pentoses into Furfural via Zeolite Catalysis and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural to 2-Methylfuran","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Topics in Catalysis","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Enerkem","keywords":"Furfural; Toluene; Yield (engineering); Catalysis; Chemistry; Xylose; Selectivity; Mordenite; Zeolite; Organic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Fermentation","authors":[{"name":"Jean Lessard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Morin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean-François Wehrung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Delphine Magnin","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Chornet","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005618111561803957,"gpt":0.21001321146529,"spread":0.2043950999034861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000211701,0.0004447639,0.0003572254,0.0003163853,0.0002600381,0.0003211146,0.0003110322,0.0003637525,0.0008977986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001583877,0.0001778036,0.0003676158,0.0003852974,0.000285811,0.0006420635,0.0004207487,0.0004895112,0.0004639502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004430639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003717308,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001747571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003513224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998223,0.00002255029,0.00001299447,0.0000236696,0.00004189426,0.00007662532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999599,0.000006697741,0.000008135514,0.000007749787,0.000005932981,0.0000115787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003819137,0.0001153327,0.0005626824,0.000150739,0.00004102835,0.0004906075,0.0001615193,0.0009170615,0.9868358,0.001259863,0.0002496767,0.008833824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002544809,0.0001613306,0.001502046,0.000005603739,0.0000159678,0.0001466751,0.00004657217,0.001048595,0.9950541,0.0001742611,0.001804491,0.00001473835],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881719,0.000975149,0.004960145,0.0001633758,0.00003999953,0.00003157061,0.0002522868,0.00006918777,0.005336445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970224,0.0004104921,0.0008811429,0.00001422598,0.000003914938,0.000008747282,0.0001474542,0.00001282068,0.001498736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001747571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003474772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2590783540","doi":"10.1002/pola.28527","title":"Advances in polymer precursors and bio‐based polymers synthesized from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Polymer; Chemistry; Polymer science; Natural polymers; Furan; Organic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Biochemical engineering; Materials science; Catalysis; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Daihui Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie‐Josée Dumont","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006523530990529826,"gpt":0.233014590188129,"spread":0.2264910591975991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004396958,0.0006625437,0.0002651466,0.0007849704,0.0001680814,0.0004162571,0.0003341617,0.0004955503,0.001847828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004615049,0.0003830887,0.0003063027,0.0007266264,0.0002238917,0.001185719,0.0003646095,0.0008576224,0.001464312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003754449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003015067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002791819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004720825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997837,0.00003179595,0.00002856244,0.00006809107,0.00006364982,0.00002416543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997596,0.00007414929,0.00007702442,0.00002446826,0.0000455333,0.00001924896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001143139,0.0001342108,0.0004868976,0.004977643,0.00003387955,0.0005111753,0.0001798565,0.001412657,0.8695469,0.007122491,0.0007461267,0.1147338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008145196,0.0003550333,0.001228986,0.00021661,0.00004951407,0.0009237074,0.00005372288,0.001093114,0.8730072,0.0008259791,0.1222099,0.00002812368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2991842,0.5772956,0.06330101,0.001172096,0.0007919995,0.0002153433,0.0005735329,0.0003631523,0.05710309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6944095,0.2475253,0.04767886,0.0004270459,0.0003490486,0.000163226,0.0004991848,0.0001453151,0.008802527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001847828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006181598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2337732633","doi":"10.1039/9781849732017","title":"Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Oxygenate; Fischer–Tropsch process; Refining (metallurgy); Catalysis; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Selectivity","authors":[{"name":"Arno de Klerk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Edward Furimsky","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004342029102729718,"gpt":0.1709182210437689,"spread":0.1665761919410392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000177031,0.0006021087,0.0003289861,0.0005823727,0.0002662722,0.0009780849,0.0004383633,0.0005128422,0.00486406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001692532,0.0003520494,0.000291599,0.0008229978,0.0004604703,0.001416513,0.0004920869,0.001166344,0.00456059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006080591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004435906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004933923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00136224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997852,0.00001594625,0.000008106422,0.00003805127,0.0001370716,0.00001558197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999646,0.00001508698,0.000004340136,0.000004167588,0.000009224414,0.000002711539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001549859,0.0001281672,0.0002432791,0.00329761,0.00004225586,0.0006431072,0.0009373737,0.003815131,0.2068003,0.3210551,0.06782895,0.3950537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005915074,0.00005867775,0.0002111588,0.0001489874,0.00000823739,0.0003835766,0.00005679557,0.0006617692,0.04271953,0.009090069,0.946644,0.0000113795],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02458549,0.4029037,0.02891832,0.001548929,0.00272269,0.0001205752,0.0002494313,0.0003030968,0.5386477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06641236,0.2170747,0.01477375,0.0009678589,0.0006054324,0.00009329042,0.000394337,0.0002451078,0.6994332],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00486406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01627195,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897676046","doi":"10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.002","title":"Insights into HMF catalysis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Biorefinery; Biochemical engineering; Commodity chemicals; Sustainability; Production (economics); 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Catalysis; Scale (ratio); Sustainable production; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Economics; Raw material","authors":[{"name":"Guillermo Portillo‐Perez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Agneev Mukherjee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie‐Josée Dumont","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007719086536083529,"gpt":0.1795745142976659,"spread":0.1718554277615824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001870677,0.0004144098,0.0002810254,0.000337257,0.0003514111,0.0008774386,0.0004863083,0.0008329254,0.005346039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002293302,0.0001446868,0.0002240802,0.000208376,0.0007558358,0.001547,0.0004662737,0.001016857,0.0007906145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008445257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003640875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001182332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001141275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999118,0.000008838224,0.000002414381,0.00001140115,0.0000342703,0.00003129087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999655,0.00001466522,0.000002283802,0.00000473509,0.000006480804,0.000006317281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002249638,0.0001509295,0.000783699,0.0007270853,0.00003469391,0.001263664,0.0005574676,0.003379106,0.1991302,0.6225473,0.00826739,0.1629335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005092694,0.0002626668,0.002314507,0.0002286123,0.00003744425,0.001666813,0.0008573359,0.01593166,0.158023,0.570258,0.2503116,0.00005757712],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4496271,0.1152199,0.06996202,0.02148137,0.00212873,0.00008256747,0.0007262729,0.0004205424,0.3403515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9327157,0.03433036,0.006324915,0.0009958259,0.0005551493,0.00002781247,0.0002454984,0.0000295747,0.02477512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005346039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01788425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170048695","doi":"10.1039/c5ra00382b","title":"Conversion of chitin and N-acetyl-<scp>d</scp>-glucosamine into a N-containing furan derivative in ionic liquids","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RSC Advances","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chitin; Ionic liquid; Derivative (finance); Furan; Glucosamine; Chemistry; Ionic bonding; Organic chemistry; Medicinal chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Ion; Chitosan","authors":[{"name":"Xi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yi Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francesca M. Kerton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ning Yan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009401815344745544,"gpt":0.2267711855754792,"spread":0.2173693702307337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009604021,0.000267799,0.00008536897,0.0001080365,0.0001063726,0.000146204,0.000236098,0.0002118112,0.001143334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001407327,0.00009400416,0.0001714873,0.0001651179,0.0001226671,0.0002644549,0.0002269984,0.0003164731,0.0003817675],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003910707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003699167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002535548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005558656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999218,0.000008002185,0.000006953452,0.00001311439,0.000025421,0.00002479296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999721,0.000004391132,0.000006321885,0.000003135921,0.000006238802,0.000007894449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006183783,0.0000142382,0.0001065786,0.00006566589,0.000005658575,0.0001212032,0.00003051648,0.0001562865,0.9960995,0.000330568,0.0001482449,0.002859643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003842534,0.00005533527,0.0002300578,0.00000422036,0.000003092544,0.00005616826,0.00001109396,0.0004043833,0.9977587,0.00002778402,0.001442223,0.000003038785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791226,0.001007009,0.005189246,0.0001408044,0.00005172106,0.00003591296,0.0002634575,0.0001055844,0.0140836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926979,0.0005278086,0.002384685,0.00003462591,0.000003571008,0.00001334926,0.0001937515,0.00001948514,0.004124809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002535548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00504154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385672113","doi":"10.1039/d3gc02816j","title":"Deep eutectic solvents for catalytic biodiesel production from liquid biomass and upgrading of solid biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Eutectic system; Biomass (ecology); Catalysis; Biodiesel; Biodiesel production; Chemistry; Biofuel; Production (economics); Chemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Waste management; Agronomy; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Lijuan He","is_ca":false},{"name":"Long Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baohong Zheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heng Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hao Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hu Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heng Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Song Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01186607889792428,"gpt":0.2310154007637288,"spread":0.2191493218658046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001705596,0.0003547002,0.0002313586,0.0003666498,0.0002156104,0.0003266307,0.0001810441,0.0003561553,0.002760207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002967762,0.0001580261,0.0002141567,0.0003176814,0.0002015477,0.0006080539,0.0005234106,0.0006712327,0.001424013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002866105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002695254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003085833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001037429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998152,0.00002613462,0.00002118629,0.00003099634,0.000071869,0.00003469854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999266,0.00001596897,0.00001800558,0.000008902757,0.00001999948,0.00001057975],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000156637,0.00002945882,0.0001741929,0.0002380363,0.000007770782,0.0001391295,0.00004713013,0.0005880301,0.9846325,0.002142127,0.0002851656,0.01155986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007156648,0.00006835109,0.000148663,0.00001364803,0.000005378465,0.00009335119,0.00001935198,0.0006735069,0.9948375,0.0002350155,0.003893573,0.000004616521],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8907422,0.01442507,0.07174101,0.0006523302,0.0002407838,0.0001363085,0.001068669,0.0004538754,0.02053971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785523,0.003820132,0.01140381,0.0001145973,0.00001727511,0.00004057036,0.0003578279,0.00007464208,0.005618961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002760207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009233773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060764284","doi":"10.1039/c2gc35203f","title":"Catalytic conversion of biomass using solvents derived from lignin","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Levulinic acid; Furfural; Hemicellulose; Lignin; Cellulose; Biomass (ecology); Catalysis; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Solvent; Lignocellulosic biomass; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Pooya Azadi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ronald Carrasquillo‐Flores","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yomaira J. Pagán‐Torres","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elif I. Gürbüz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ramin Farnood","is_ca":true},{"name":"James A. Dumesic","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01412573226160095,"gpt":0.2078988063311691,"spread":0.1937730740695681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001399551,0.0003812138,0.0001767986,0.0001786697,0.0001828679,0.000312075,0.0003081988,0.0002956557,0.0005535833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001267309,0.00007726052,0.0002596799,0.0001866629,0.000204026,0.0003018844,0.0002687717,0.0005084252,0.0003678795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001852148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000218949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003930645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008307231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999174,0.000009567814,0.00000515527,0.00001608077,0.00002579875,0.00002611815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999597,0.000008139631,0.000008728595,0.000006587577,0.000007921884,0.000009043461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001883288,0.00003247965,0.0001026831,0.00008690911,0.000007828104,0.00008642799,0.00002182195,0.0002054724,0.9922401,0.0009661124,0.00005395646,0.006177376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002491145,0.00003435251,0.00008662178,0.000001959322,0.000003744633,0.00005369208,0.000006047892,0.0002519392,0.9977689,0.00007286053,0.001715227,0.00000221708],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9186006,0.005042596,0.06426115,0.0003626231,0.0001973729,0.00007548407,0.000205594,0.0002079096,0.01104675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97905,0.002912131,0.01436525,0.00009976288,0.00002599087,0.00001971805,0.0002038237,0.00002481514,0.003298519],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005535833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001851916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138024151","doi":"10.1002/cssc.201200113","title":"A Simple One‐Pot Dehydration Process to Convert <i>N</i>‐acetyl‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucosamine into a Nitrogen‐Containing Compound, 3‐acetamido‐5‐acetylfuran","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Yield (engineering); Boric acid; Pyrolysis; Nitrogen; Dehydration; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Khaled W. Omari","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda Dodot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francesca M. Kerton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01182403732980176,"gpt":0.2269910164910871,"spread":0.2151669791612854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008971064,0.0004439916,0.000209063,0.0001312581,0.0001969956,0.0001320476,0.0003071817,0.0002426295,0.001146662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000713815,0.0001441077,0.0002717115,0.0001211518,0.0001245108,0.0003589304,0.0002098951,0.0004844469,0.0006348112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002846463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000473899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001065085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999298,0.000004980075,0.000005138581,0.00002397317,0.00001908206,0.00001706598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999753,0.000002742976,0.000007769213,0.000005060419,0.000003912381,0.000005229735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002751653,0.00002427913,0.00007248577,0.0001111103,0.000007441217,0.00008241466,0.00002087552,0.0001062289,0.9910051,0.0002318841,0.0001409871,0.008169637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006544828,0.0001595873,0.0007829687,0.000005861981,0.00001012137,0.0003719983,0.00001353243,0.0004774737,0.9915755,0.00007444141,0.006511263,0.00001064068],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8716565,0.004924356,0.1081068,0.0002732936,0.0002445854,0.0002489392,0.0008565294,0.0006588037,0.01303012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9611398,0.001905787,0.03189583,0.00006551116,0.00001425171,0.00005777553,0.0004012346,0.00003714971,0.004482649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001146662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003836036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976921063","doi":"10.1002/cssc.201100023","title":"Synthesis of Furfural from Xylose by Heterogeneous and Reusable Nafion Catalysts","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Biotechnology Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Furfural; Nafion; Xylose; Catalysis; Chemistry; Yield (engineering); Methanol; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Fermentation; Electrochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Edmond Lam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ehsan Majid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alfred C. W. Leung","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.H. Chong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Khaled A. Mahmoud","is_ca":false},{"name":"John H. T. Luong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00848361159162385,"gpt":0.1612313969472179,"spread":0.152747785355594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001661726,0.00048369,0.0004093261,0.0003896876,0.0001431038,0.0003782879,0.0003759038,0.0004786455,0.0007033404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002031479,0.0001874098,0.000335212,0.0003390087,0.0001721654,0.0005930416,0.0002901014,0.0004565909,0.000460611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003580502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001679704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005842781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001455161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998183,0.00001211631,0.00001894254,0.00004630147,0.00006986575,0.0000345293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999498,0.00000657718,0.00001469904,0.000006993297,0.00001352979,0.000008411932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002360164,0.000009533714,0.00008726025,0.0000801983,0.0000108593,0.0001235262,0.0000172855,0.0001563873,0.9952832,0.0002688236,0.00006110169,0.003878128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005161844,0.00004977373,0.0003375526,0.000006863788,0.00001372837,0.00009232858,0.00001239758,0.0006302436,0.9959995,0.00004354827,0.002802556,0.000006463631],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680007,0.007689275,0.01779399,0.0001616845,0.0001208745,0.00006190761,0.000394642,0.0001683205,0.005608692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984519,0.002335356,0.0101013,0.00002535688,0.00001778207,0.00002702894,0.0003509889,0.00002969879,0.002593373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007033404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002597809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799720970","doi":"10.1039/c8gc00961a","title":"Unraveling the mechanism of the oxidation of glycerol to dicarboxylic acids over a sonochemically synthesized copper oxide catalyst","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; National Research Foundation Singapore","keywords":"Catalysis; Glycerol; Chemistry; Oxalic acid; Yield (engineering); Copper; Oxide; Copper oxide; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Prince N. Amaniampong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Quang Thang Trịnh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jithin John Varghese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ronan Behling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sabine Valange","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samir H. Mushrif","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Jérôme","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004949224439336096,"gpt":0.1896029107084551,"spread":0.184653686269119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001224156,0.0002674792,0.0001292568,0.0001855591,0.0001467019,0.0002522247,0.000375071,0.0002907055,0.0005705405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000167214,0.0001462829,0.0001455366,0.0001052355,0.000348536,0.0003970354,0.0001447888,0.0004359816,0.0001738411],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003989725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004565726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001894785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001675089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999487,0.000004620316,0.000003104052,0.00000911869,0.00001558816,0.00001875972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999615,0.000009606775,0.000009357567,0.000004665325,0.00000862938,0.000006309176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001603075,0.00004319176,0.000653011,0.0002503613,0.00001502479,0.0002691555,0.00006703714,0.0006419772,0.9803582,0.005721591,0.0001876712,0.01163238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001074609,0.00008665933,0.0005861257,0.00000708951,0.00001950448,0.0001747057,0.00004453834,0.004251162,0.9905722,0.0005141728,0.003724075,0.0000090115],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775485,0.003680702,0.0142751,0.0004640167,0.0001039169,0.00005291674,0.0001096832,0.0001105621,0.003654448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915974,0.001780714,0.004338057,0.00003171808,0.00001616008,0.00001734206,0.00009787081,0.000009077049,0.002111703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001894785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00376749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015666820","doi":"10.1039/d0gc00661k","title":"A biomass pretreatment using cellulose-derived solvent Cyrene","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Biological Sciences","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Cellulose; Solvent; Renewable energy; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Lignocellulosic biomass; Sustainability; Biotechnology; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Biology; Engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Xianzhi Meng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yunqiao Pu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mi Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arthur J. Ragauskas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01795646953109496,"gpt":0.1973293396219545,"spread":0.1793728700908595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009817548,0.0004377596,0.0002668834,0.000181088,0.0002325045,0.0002765837,0.0002398691,0.0004534015,0.0008331981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001362645,0.0001120742,0.0003097134,0.0002209743,0.0001371646,0.0003683657,0.0002456928,0.0005503587,0.0004144668],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003388857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006771872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001636677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003234735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998875,0.000007307386,0.000007740214,0.00003146381,0.0000357366,0.00003028258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999604,0.000005998336,0.000008692789,0.000006513393,0.000009301611,0.00000907476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000193182,0.000009900997,0.00005968145,0.00004776488,0.000002844951,0.00007208555,0.000005143314,0.0001148787,0.9978487,0.0001521366,0.00001804202,0.00164946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002697287,0.00003873531,0.0003180728,0.000001735294,0.000002937838,0.00005766993,0.000003446305,0.0004930805,0.9978766,0.00001824292,0.001183534,0.000003182643],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9550082,0.002677874,0.03439922,0.000222806,0.0001477631,0.0001435593,0.0004111536,0.0001603832,0.006828937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811279,0.001549946,0.01302365,0.00006207145,0.00001467628,0.00002765717,0.0002604034,0.00002040016,0.003913401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001636677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003254294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309962041","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.004","title":"Lignocellulose pretreatment by deep eutectic solvents and related technologies: A review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Hemicellulose; Biorefinery; Lignin; Pulp and paper industry; Cellulose; Raw material; Deep eutectic solvent; Eutectic system; Biomass (ecology); Biofuel; Process engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Waste management; Organic chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Penghui Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhengwei Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongcan Jin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wenjuan Wu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01160161578121296,"gpt":0.2249472006124447,"spread":0.2133455848312317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004491266,0.001170269,0.00142343,0.003260275,0.0003850088,0.001009181,0.0007616081,0.0008619386,0.004004993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005191183,0.0004655038,0.0008193565,0.003737312,0.0002716458,0.001551038,0.0005392447,0.001028168,0.001625366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004261981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001249198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001242089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001954832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998301,0.00001600053,0.00002801589,0.00004057416,0.00006716267,0.00001817755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997045,0.0001187852,0.00005878348,0.000010728,0.0000844402,0.00002269641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007564886,0.0001922156,0.0003651324,0.07453784,0.0002265775,0.0003565339,0.0001067976,0.00119439,0.01162991,0.004355777,0.01984212,0.8871171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000111315,0.0001749557,0.001055886,0.004102953,0.0003214038,0.000994402,0.00007639406,0.0002293964,0.003990154,0.001267079,0.9877402,0.00003607623],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000417009,0.9976366,0.000304021,0.0001093305,0.000136832,0.000009178118,0.00004741383,0.00001164398,0.001328123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001036698,0.9978581,0.0003582321,0.0000700135,0.00005620691,0.00000769364,0.00005637983,0.00000168964,0.0005549376],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004004993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01339799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332210251","doi":"10.3183/npprj-2014-29-01-p006-014","title":"Auto-catalyzed acidic desulfation of cellulose nanocrystals","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"FPInnovations","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cellulose; Catalysis; Nanocrystal; Industrial chemistry; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Nanocellulose; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Biochemical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie Beck","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean Bouchard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02427621975663992,"gpt":0.2846339724180549,"spread":0.260357752661415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000142755,0.000221379,0.0001392412,0.0001142914,0.00009510742,0.0001885517,0.0001900535,0.0001807063,0.00145809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001374029,0.00009470894,0.0001604243,0.00008821901,0.00009253206,0.0002248271,0.0001609141,0.0003033757,0.0002964818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003793712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002791343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002324553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00519167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999113,0.000006129574,0.000005770582,0.00001881721,0.00002633158,0.00003166854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999946,0.00001215212,0.00001055134,0.000006866333,0.00001351265,0.00001092203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133455,0.00002592737,0.0001203813,0.00004641268,0.000008032385,0.00005479756,0.00003060561,0.0002536676,0.996204,0.0002991019,0.0001004525,0.002743401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007704881,0.00005450264,0.000473039,0.000001980633,0.000004529828,0.00002474796,0.00001124414,0.001237663,0.9972937,0.00002100116,0.0008667301,0.000003175016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930779,0.0003793852,0.001340579,0.00003499631,0.00003186946,0.00001171821,0.00008537189,0.00003296864,0.005005242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971222,0.0001872869,0.0004800484,0.0000119802,0.000004809259,0.000004294959,0.00006545719,0.000007988505,0.00211588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002324553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004877746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395010383","doi":"10.1038/s41929-024-01131-6","title":"Progress and roadmap for electro-privileged transformations of bio-derived molecules","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Catalysis","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Computer science; Nanotechnology; Systems engineering; Engineering; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Cong Tian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roham Dorakhan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joshua Wicks","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhu Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kyoung‐Shin Choi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nirala Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joshua A. Schaidle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Holewinski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aleksandra Vojvodić","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dionisios G. Vlachos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda J. Broadbelt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward H. Sargent","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002485364005732688,"gpt":0.2118303294012613,"spread":0.2093449653955286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002668011,0.001162464,0.0008728622,0.0009258201,0.0006065001,0.002597666,0.001292505,0.001854444,0.009728489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00142323,0.0003524275,0.0006072338,0.0007735898,0.001605962,0.005080642,0.00301268,0.00304312,0.003175177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001195439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003065329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009710666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001311871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992937,0.0001252488,0.00004078035,0.0001267782,0.0001703673,0.0002431445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992685,0.0002607392,0.00006189416,0.00008684227,0.0002013611,0.0001206668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008054826,0.0009028848,0.001449388,0.00883236,0.0001597291,0.0008359163,0.0005574764,0.007888432,0.1479691,0.2538499,0.02868385,0.5480655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001086185,0.002183343,0.001416471,0.000927987,0.0001050156,0.001032056,0.0008397587,0.008997138,0.1318012,0.1178726,0.734614,0.0001017699],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0872844,0.6764523,0.1031632,0.02390691,0.002347916,0.0002831746,0.0009568963,0.000996086,0.104609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4920176,0.4319996,0.04580235,0.003345354,0.0009421112,0.0003727071,0.002443108,0.0001923841,0.02288485],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009728489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03254503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001778584","doi":"10.1007/s10562-010-0493-y","title":"New Process for the Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass (AC3B) into Alkyl Levulinates and Other Esters Using a Unique One-Pot System of Reaction and Product Extraction","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Letters","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Cellulosic ethanol; Raw material; Yield (engineering); Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Gasoline; Distillation; Extraction (chemistry); Vacuum distillation; Diesel fuel; Cellulose; Biomass (ecology); Diethyl ether; Biodiesel; Kerosene; Biofuel; Waste management","authors":[{"name":"R. Le Van Mao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Qing-long Zhao","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Dima","is_ca":true},{"name":"D. Petraccone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01284990948019494,"gpt":0.2330704439321014,"spread":0.2202205344519065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002914401,0.0005994776,0.0005954765,0.0004154744,0.0004611513,0.0004600659,0.0006768949,0.0005910004,0.001178775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001123288,0.0003641682,0.000438361,0.0003222285,0.0003626798,0.001062634,0.0006790448,0.00112286,0.0008376932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002994715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004320094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003788193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006400122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998103,0.00001830749,0.00001809655,0.00005154543,0.00006383596,0.00003790048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999369,0.000008487635,0.00001116646,0.00001220614,0.00001271442,0.0000183861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008327947,0.00007021158,0.00007816371,0.0001089286,0.00001388196,0.0001293738,0.00004221767,0.0001472225,0.9856305,0.0007324407,0.0001771725,0.01278674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000262855,0.0001713209,0.0002696321,0.000003871372,0.00002237938,0.0003769375,0.00001151287,0.001312533,0.9923849,0.0001485164,0.005251816,0.00002031108],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6458971,0.004542343,0.3352033,0.0005092315,0.0004740805,0.0004272352,0.0006614786,0.001455995,0.01082929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8470451,0.002584089,0.1340149,0.0002193908,0.0001046628,0.0002755241,0.0009988833,0.0001417853,0.0146156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001178775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003943384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955690744","doi":"10.1039/c9gc01283d","title":"AuPd-nNiO as an effective catalyst for the base-free oxidation of HMF under mild reaction conditions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Canadiana.org","funders":"Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","keywords":"Catalysis; Base (topology); Chemistry; Reaction conditions; Combinatorial chemistry; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Danilo Bonincontro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alice Lolli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alberto Villa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Prati","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolaos Dimitratos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriel M. Veith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lidia E. Chinchilla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gianlugi A. Botton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fabrizio Cavani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefania Albonetti","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006780142343267479,"gpt":0.2194729576944786,"spread":0.2126928153512111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009288826,0.000206223,0.0001647547,0.0001192953,0.0001074539,0.0001706315,0.0002939602,0.0003066188,0.0005175886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001341352,0.0001206326,0.00009914611,0.000100385,0.0001182714,0.000208475,0.0001596902,0.0002304511,0.0002301253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002072156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001062339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008965659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001911503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998758,0.000009651019,0.000009101623,0.00003265829,0.00005407707,0.00001876411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999743,0.00000360899,0.000005747976,0.000003936381,0.000006714363,0.000005782857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003758533,0.00000890825,0.00007211172,0.00004947732,0.000003041227,0.00004187329,0.00001245913,0.00004801103,0.997253,0.00009130236,0.00007668109,0.002305603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004178651,0.00005018757,0.0004348383,0.000002154108,0.000006423598,0.00007977454,0.000006909915,0.000711729,0.9973123,0.0000137091,0.001375627,0.000002283046],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9845347,0.002776779,0.007469806,0.0001260479,0.0001022655,0.00002896827,0.0001371777,0.0001829453,0.004641396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936714,0.0005247978,0.003122546,0.00001922777,0.00001094784,0.000009489398,0.0001118917,0.00001599725,0.002513673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008965659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001782715,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883648940","doi":"10.1002/cssc.201800989","title":"Inexpensive but Highly Efficient Co–Mn Mixed‐Oxide Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ciência sem Fronteiras; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; FPInnovations; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Catalysis; Mixed oxide; Coprecipitation; Chemistry; Calcination; Oxide; Inorganic chemistry; Manganese; Nuclear chemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"K. T. Venkateswara Rao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jennifer Lorraine Rogers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sadra Souzanchi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Luana Dessbesell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhumita B. Ray","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chunbao Xu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008397399892667533,"gpt":0.2310865112600871,"spread":0.2226891113674196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001648869,0.000403138,0.000237954,0.0004248832,0.0001220967,0.0002594408,0.0003360901,0.00026153,0.0003056603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001612136,0.0002171451,0.0002850787,0.0002078119,0.0001209738,0.0002726951,0.0002839416,0.0003022481,0.0001990018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002572275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001880637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000849584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002620395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998272,0.00001356336,0.00001725905,0.00003101783,0.00007293047,0.00003802516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999461,0.00000712723,0.00001473843,0.000004986972,0.0000142842,0.00001265316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003058794,0.00001730765,0.000125274,0.00003847638,0.000005054531,0.0000223377,0.000004300551,0.00005366712,0.9983852,0.00003858941,0.00001934192,0.001259997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007552397,0.0001011732,0.001018605,0.000003830885,0.00001653856,0.00005122018,0.00000891872,0.001300818,0.996403,0.00001162399,0.001073245,0.000003507153],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890537,0.002327469,0.006833522,0.00005300771,0.00005519736,0.00005379586,0.0001509378,0.00006049792,0.001412023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913263,0.0008736275,0.00649279,0.00001246298,0.00001013799,0.00002699718,0.0002046136,0.00001539967,0.001037705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000849584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001866281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2950714235","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1904636116","title":"Integration of renewable deep eutectic solvents with engineered biomass to achieve a closed-loop biorefinery","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Biorefinery; Biomass (ecology); Renewable energy; Lignin; Biofuel; Biochemical engineering; Renewable resource; Lignocellulosic biomass; Pulp and paper industry; Process engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Waste management; Organic chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Kwang Ho Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aymerick Eudes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keunhong Jeong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chang Geun Yoo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chang Soo Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arthur J. Ragauskas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01593763430078543,"gpt":0.236017853834216,"spread":0.2200802195334306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001486221,0.0004032915,0.0002469118,0.0001791432,0.0001219723,0.0004083547,0.0002093141,0.0003046356,0.0004931545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001688563,0.00014475,0.0002508862,0.0001908588,0.0002155421,0.0004874667,0.0005733452,0.0005815637,0.0003280181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002103078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002321317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002056804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004734026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998715,0.00001289875,0.00001381469,0.00003256969,0.00004256506,0.00002667912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999421,0.000008469961,0.00002016984,0.000008853972,0.00001004729,0.0000104163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001763899,0.00002381789,0.00007542318,0.0000206924,0.000003391968,0.00003797561,0.000009488064,0.000279406,0.997196,0.000246984,0.00001393169,0.002075344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003172747,0.00006492381,0.0001470302,0.000002781522,0.000003952232,0.0000355877,0.000007023028,0.001166134,0.9975871,0.00004983967,0.0009295815,0.000002933696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9352622,0.0008811802,0.06112941,0.0001095678,0.00005824589,0.00007645786,0.0001465129,0.0003171276,0.002019314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9726644,0.0005276468,0.02509011,0.00005339946,0.000008466952,0.00004043677,0.0001255968,0.00004392737,0.001446019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004931545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001649797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4223519922","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127126","title":"Recent progress in direct production of furfural from lignocellulosic residues and hemicellulose","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Furfural; Lignocellulosic biomass; Biomass (ecology); Hemicellulose; Biochemical engineering; Production (economics); Pulp and paper industry; Hydrolysate; Environmental pollution; Environmental science; Biofuel; Chemistry; Waste management; Biotechnology; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Environmental protection; Lignin; Economics; Biology; Agronomy","authors":[{"name":"Tingwei Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wenzhi Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huining Xiao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yongcan Jin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shufang Wu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01725718024546397,"gpt":0.2382052067642492,"spread":0.2209480265187852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005165718,0.001183399,0.001131484,0.001709515,0.0001921361,0.0008904346,0.00055639,0.0006865737,0.002715463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004492133,0.0003336708,0.0005327716,0.002247619,0.0002715445,0.001104887,0.0007323735,0.0009899026,0.001246536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000335847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007121124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007706955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001786634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998642,0.00001445346,0.00001592693,0.00003260267,0.00005517357,0.00001759316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997948,0.00009848754,0.00003528211,0.000008575277,0.00004541997,0.00001742845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001046128,0.0001228335,0.0002103328,0.03609569,0.0001757795,0.000248986,0.0000606109,0.0009483926,0.0205812,0.002864017,0.008200824,0.9303868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002234906,0.0002604755,0.001183583,0.002825619,0.0003955414,0.0006924412,0.00007514783,0.0002391035,0.01034368,0.001430037,0.9824917,0.00004032929],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009445799,0.9959628,0.0007113233,0.0001147006,0.000148213,0.000009313715,0.00004789,0.00001116387,0.002050163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002686424,0.9953686,0.0006606812,0.0001099074,0.00006994667,0.000009099701,0.00007721479,0.000003172624,0.001014951],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002715463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009084165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791358667","doi":"10.1002/cssc.201800334","title":"Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Diformylfuran or 2‐Formyl‐5‐furancarboxylic Acid in Water by using MgO⋅CeO<sub>2</sub> Mixed Oxides as Catalysts","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca","keywords":"Catalysis; Calcination; Chemistry; Selectivity; Base (topology); Inorganic chemistry; Heterogeneous catalysis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Redox; Nuclear chemistry; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering","authors":[{"name":"María Ventura","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francesco Lobefaro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elvira De Giglio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Monica Distaso","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francesco Nocito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angela Dibenedetto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008061981350927607,"gpt":0.2168446177169552,"spread":0.2087826363660275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001219971,0.0005570541,0.0002529776,0.0001317555,0.00008972228,0.0002627917,0.0002054752,0.0002263485,0.0003647649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001181721,0.0001931911,0.0001849998,0.0001312196,0.000169054,0.0002666146,0.0002549622,0.0002171548,0.0001444214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002211065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001839834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001753935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003170298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998746,0.00001443968,0.000008153903,0.00002670468,0.00003043988,0.00004577641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999611,0.00000635685,0.00001340601,0.000003015695,0.000006601669,0.000009629328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003474061,0.000005063719,0.0001542706,0.0000186719,0.000002923259,0.00001931361,0.000008158517,0.00003621824,0.9989303,0.00001842079,0.000008587806,0.0007632292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003269743,0.00006736001,0.001174304,0.000002108483,0.000005808061,0.0000271491,0.0000139481,0.0003838156,0.9979091,0.000008382181,0.0004030884,0.000001826403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977738,0.000479136,0.001102816,0.00001850368,0.000008468831,0.000009932824,0.0000669177,0.00001828212,0.0005221206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978632,0.0003382649,0.001087292,0.000007712516,0.000003395707,0.000005848178,0.00008187175,0.000007872737,0.000604429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001753935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003487408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546490489","doi":"10.1039/c6gc02620f","title":"Synthesis of maleic and fumaric acids from furfural in the presence of betaine hydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Ministère de l'Éducation Nationale","keywords":"Furfural; Fumaric acid; Maleic acid; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrochloride; Chemistry; Aqueous solution; Betaine; Nuclear chemistry; Organic chemistry; Yield (engineering); Benzoyl peroxide; Polymer chemistry; Monomer; Materials science; Catalysis; Polymer","authors":[{"name":"Nahla Araji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Désix Diane Madjinza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grégory Châtel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Audrey Moores","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Jérôme","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karine De Oliveira Vigier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004535893172778864,"gpt":0.1686178877442348,"spread":0.164081994571456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001451804,0.0004646608,0.0003275512,0.0002109836,0.0001607135,0.000156501,0.000224145,0.0003379643,0.001433789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001289936,0.0001575342,0.0003004639,0.0002618648,0.00008829602,0.0002307974,0.0002146916,0.0002799077,0.0006408878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002275587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002531405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007088924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001200066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999106,0.00001206183,0.000008161244,0.00001599663,0.00002400783,0.00002922066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999332,0.000005397411,0.00001249974,0.000008096712,0.00002020829,0.00002052977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007116504,0.00002511112,0.00007751296,0.0001364311,0.000008241628,0.0001349354,0.00003787235,0.0002710698,0.9935887,0.0003769408,0.00008238757,0.005189552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001097679,0.0001242533,0.0004483951,0.000006160816,0.000008784967,0.00008572191,0.00001314909,0.0003187584,0.9939614,0.00004979819,0.004965448,0.000007134706],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.958925,0.006208923,0.02217077,0.0002107255,0.0001219787,0.0001759049,0.0008963309,0.0002016602,0.0110887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780521,0.002671853,0.01259839,0.00004581764,0.0000178773,0.00006297607,0.0005159036,0.0000253791,0.006009812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001433789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004796505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210116490","doi":"10.1039/d1ee02818a","title":"Selective hydrogenation of furfural using a membrane reactor","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Environmental Science","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Furfural; Membrane reactor; Palladium; Chemistry; Membrane; Chemical engineering; Waste management; Catalysis; Organic chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Roxanna S. Delima","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mia D. Stankovic","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benjamin P. MacLeod","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arthur G. Fink","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael B. Rooney","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aoxue Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ryan P. Jansonius","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Dvořák","is_ca":true},{"name":"Curtis P. Berlinguette","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005017344273450424,"gpt":0.1776495388587304,"spread":0.17263219458528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001647998,0.0003142887,0.0002608061,0.0001571929,0.0002989817,0.0003669016,0.0004414357,0.0006004271,0.0008188554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001919969,0.0002277289,0.0002524668,0.000147648,0.0001703254,0.0004996865,0.0003560538,0.0004170575,0.0005585297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003859606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002826656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008529676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001034961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999832,0.00001826962,0.000008755734,0.00004692186,0.00004694383,0.00004713791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999597,0.00001315851,0.0000050399,0.000007331068,0.000007660067,0.000007148566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002874363,0.000009154963,0.0000820606,0.00002553875,0.000003834286,0.00004374141,0.00000990745,0.00007194126,0.9968797,0.0002799828,0.00006597988,0.002499451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006140999,0.00003400529,0.0002177797,0.000001300391,0.000003417873,0.00007375277,0.000005677633,0.0009293694,0.9975545,0.00004267091,0.001127883,0.000003423869],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.973518,0.001031113,0.02001011,0.0003847526,0.00006777253,0.00003273945,0.0002482674,0.00033859,0.004368669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904931,0.0005271152,0.00661023,0.00006136787,0.00001270574,0.00001650781,0.0001557067,0.00001557399,0.002107586],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008529676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002800286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977386732","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2014.03.007","title":"Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol by using Cu:Zn:Cr:Zr mixed metal oxides catalyst","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Catalysis A General","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Saskatchewan Canola Development Commission","keywords":"Catalysis; Glycerol; Hydrogenolysis; Chemistry; Polyvinyl alcohol; Inorganic chemistry; Selectivity; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Rajesh Sharma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pardeep Kumar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ajay K. Dalai","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005612240128631631,"gpt":0.191944705416096,"spread":0.1863324652874644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009193409,0.0004327395,0.0001972356,0.0003029737,0.0001670075,0.0003143813,0.0004785408,0.0002918939,0.0006595797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001040019,0.0001844899,0.0002398986,0.0001766683,0.0001866971,0.0003528002,0.000311736,0.0003031621,0.0003075096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003604419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003292378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002116949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003701968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999068,0.000006713948,0.000006792598,0.00001698343,0.000022584,0.00004019217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999788,0.000003150402,0.000004700599,0.000002857241,0.000004619565,0.000005858119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001826671,0.00002044426,0.0002164528,0.00009282499,0.00001387865,0.0001674356,0.00002977687,0.000169201,0.9949347,0.000266674,0.0001987916,0.003707117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008460826,0.00003599665,0.0002840644,0.000002324689,0.000009858859,0.00004715395,0.00001845543,0.0006018447,0.9982008,0.00001934465,0.0007678619,0.000003889262],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924073,0.001102449,0.002171373,0.0001929628,0.0000813005,0.00002783817,0.0001681322,0.0001246887,0.00372404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972404,0.0004572045,0.0005862879,0.00001831541,0.000006870374,0.000005615849,0.0001031669,0.00001174307,0.001570287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002116949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00420934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005430231","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.056","title":"Clean and selective production of γ-valerolactone from biomass-derived levulinic acid catalyzed by recyclable Pd nanoparticle catalyst","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Levulinic acid; Catalysis; Biomass (ecology); Nanoparticle; Mesoporous material; Yield (engineering); Solvent; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Biofuel; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Waste management; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Kai Yan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Todd Lafleur","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cody Jarvis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guosheng Wu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00691294627177426,"gpt":0.199254154696225,"spread":0.1923412084244507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001511242,0.0004383019,0.0002374011,0.0003417417,0.0001597367,0.0003460324,0.0003300089,0.0002871178,0.0004736927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001554596,0.0001659845,0.0002530922,0.0001621891,0.0001464747,0.000340948,0.0003452583,0.0004004551,0.000397579],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002708262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002419441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004879443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001393179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998801,0.00001276444,0.00001177483,0.00002648514,0.00003715821,0.00003163701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999506,0.000007462927,0.000008952251,0.000007699033,0.00001478597,0.00001044367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004202388,0.00001503608,0.0001008004,0.00003628777,0.000007945333,0.0001010372,0.00001632995,0.0001338842,0.9969433,0.0001195275,0.00006859461,0.002415098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002707821,0.00002333331,0.0001266632,0.000001329487,0.000004458128,0.00002997692,0.000007651367,0.0004103553,0.9987783,0.0000168007,0.0005962575,0.000002175476],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846437,0.001853776,0.008694311,0.0001806891,0.00007570258,0.00002835657,0.0002114745,0.0001634482,0.004148507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994471,0.0005365259,0.002055806,0.00003290833,0.000006216272,0.000009300456,0.0001593585,0.0000160785,0.002713016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004879443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001964986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016032472","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.0c00414","title":"Dual-Site-Mediated Hydrogenation Catalysis on Pd/NiO: Selective Biomass Transformation and Maintenance of Catalytic Activity at Low Pd Loading","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Catalysis","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; UK Catalysis Hub; Diamond Light Source","keywords":"Furfural; Catalysis; Furfuryl alcohol; Non-blocking I/O; Chemistry; Selectivity; Adsorption; Dissociation (chemistry); Chemical engineering; Metal; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Sebastiano Campisi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carine E. Chan‐Thaw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lidia E. Chinchilla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arunabhiram Chutia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gianluigi A. Botton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Khaled M. H. Mohammed","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolaos Dimitratos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter P. Wells","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alberto Villa","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0065018699874586,"gpt":0.1864639095715049,"spread":0.1799620395840462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001481409,0.0003222232,0.0002769582,0.0001542148,0.000130123,0.0003275496,0.0004599276,0.0003513234,0.000792416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001999795,0.000179853,0.0001767418,0.0001307288,0.0002318307,0.000280402,0.0002978852,0.0004326071,0.0004193078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002859563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001428915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007114934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001950052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998263,0.00001093001,0.00001756103,0.00005442454,0.00005111967,0.00003981268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999436,0.00001018078,0.0000128263,0.000009570119,0.00001455139,0.000009216775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004328574,0.00001666004,0.00007375128,0.00004063993,0.000003362779,0.00002351036,0.00001247134,0.00004724621,0.9982833,0.00005817982,0.0000287135,0.001368963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001808835,0.00003462715,0.0002989159,0.000001309924,0.000003746654,0.00002231741,0.000007678754,0.0005748711,0.9984664,0.00001007876,0.0005759189,0.00000248307],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910607,0.0004827402,0.005654364,0.00007152542,0.00003169082,0.0000241275,0.0001476476,0.0001188279,0.00240849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933392,0.0002790733,0.004343001,0.00002052388,0.000004649574,0.00001946195,0.0001716906,0.00001951465,0.0018029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000792416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002650917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}