{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":379,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":379,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"a18566b2076e","filters":{"topic":"Categorization, perception, and language"}},"results":[{"id":"W2622700781","doi":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011817-045406","title":"Semantic Typology and Efficient Communication","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Linguistics","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Variation (astronomy); Kinship; Linguistics; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Appeal; Word (group theory); Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01549452229218275,"gpt":0.3629649230796653,"spread":0.3474704007874825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003642154,0.00007423192,0.000192856,0.00003930356,0.00006709571,0.000003805554,0.000116055,0.0000549367,0.0008916004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001316945,0.00006629589,0.00002983065,0.0001234105,0.000256748,0.000005163432,0.00004013625,0.00006262256,0.0001527367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007779528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001881347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001400768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003128339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992776,0.0001162313,0.0002915454,0.0001291968,0.00007630237,0.0001091075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987529,0.0001005781,0.0001341389,0.0003759694,0.000600048,0.00003635433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005281767,0.0004981303,0.00682223,0.004969776,0.0001247374,0.000009085453,0.04097626,0.000001168814,0.00007646202,0.8451297,0.07174151,0.02959811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005015526,0.0004222956,0.03802018,0.002259338,0.00028581,0.00004222322,0.003173409,0.00008181023,0.00003582893,0.001404622,0.9534647,0.0003082659],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1354937,0.3520595,0.003456593,0.0009755967,0.004666322,0.001232531,0.0001939186,0.0001736189,0.5017483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796616,0.01780813,0.0004941242,0.0008047399,0.0004781882,0.000005380915,0.00005710571,0.00001124773,0.0006795242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8817232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9762399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074027385","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2013.06.010","title":"The minds of gods: A comparative study of supernatural agency","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Agency (philosophy); Epistemology; Cognitive science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04040633673066119,"gpt":0.3443918385558353,"spread":0.3039855018251741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008325621,0.00006069536,0.0001056551,0.00004072617,0.00007152947,0.00001008797,0.00008163711,0.00003746531,0.003313192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001464485,0.00004278286,0.00003294258,0.0001253854,0.00007481536,0.00007302181,0.00001036827,0.0000561101,0.0001564818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006789299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007527661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003909666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002536038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993835,0.0001156037,0.0002083718,0.0001023097,0.0001052238,0.00008496224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994395,0.00007590336,0.0000946818,0.0001469267,0.0002248523,0.00001815604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003897723,0.004504567,0.06283829,0.0000559225,0.00060909,0.000005115728,0.7784739,0.000006230583,0.06201033,0.004502102,0.01495868,0.071646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001034077,0.000383199,0.909682,0.000008345947,0.0000575454,0.000003431504,0.08693338,0.00003621952,0.0008612155,0.0007322396,0.0001919963,0.00007634376],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810866,0.0001670736,0.00008218004,0.00001830176,0.0002183733,0.0004516064,0.000009025306,0.00001239602,0.01795451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986355,0.000009057031,0.000009504986,0.0000141986,0.0000597703,0.0000667928,0.00005245792,0.000005003796,0.001147718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8468437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108745737","doi":"10.1017/s1366728912000685","title":"L1 and L2 picture naming in Mandarin–English bilinguals: A test of Bilingual Dual Coding Theory","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Linguistics; Psychology; Coding (social sciences); Dual (grammatical number); Second language; Dual language; Computer science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01264169141241761,"gpt":0.2976364065766338,"spread":0.2849947151642162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001191702,0.0002587041,0.0003404208,0.0003438565,0.0001287382,0.00005081543,0.00007271424,0.0002633996,0.0006499771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009076401,0.0002402603,0.00006161804,0.0003213649,0.0002001189,0.0002321789,0.00005718685,0.0002566113,0.000007845714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002411341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005005947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002929293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003168429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982215,0.0002400821,0.000498061,0.0004076997,0.0002023622,0.0004303066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986838,0.0006110152,0.0001805516,0.00024468,0.0001501687,0.0001298206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002672488,0.0007028517,0.07253238,0.0003183169,0.00008313651,0.0001130308,0.8189027,0.000001455252,0.03822787,0.01115904,0.00004383698,0.05764813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006423519,0.0004923231,0.2134621,0.0005262594,0.000494642,0.0005611996,0.7574325,0.00007119735,0.01462723,0.003373207,0.001157325,0.001378524],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889438,0.005419503,0.0001760542,0.00001206503,0.0004302543,0.0003415836,0.00007983559,0.0001056228,0.004491297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977163,0.0001388007,0.0001431021,0.0002251642,0.0009549537,0.00002263241,0.0002126874,0.0000411823,0.0005451753],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1409297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9797532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309646944","doi":"10.1038/s41583-022-00655-9","title":"From cognitive maps to spatial schemas","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature reviews. Neuroscience","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital; York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Schema (genetic algorithms); Episodic memory; Spatial memory; Cognition; Cognitive map; Computer science; Cognitive science; Spatial cognition; Cognitive psychology; Data science; Psychology; Neuroscience; Working memory; Information retrieval","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09191427008045681,"gpt":0.4404270478265072,"spread":0.3485127777460503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007318001,0.0006710519,0.001881919,0.0003618749,0.0002867293,0.0001006079,0.001130123,0.0006137731,0.009470554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001445708,0.0005452891,0.0006736475,0.002149683,0.0001503683,0.0001240972,0.0003243621,0.00214229,0.002147511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001908882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003641628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002634296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007021148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949337,0.001127886,0.0009152467,0.001812873,0.0006486889,0.0005616065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976509,0.0003899448,0.00059661,0.001012359,0.00006638121,0.0002838066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005312169,0.00008295073,0.000003179426,0.000853504,0.000009080917,0.00005581749,0.0007393271,2.754943e-8,0.000003999136,0.0003264335,0.0196952,0.9782252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000117846,0.00008082159,0.00008097464,0.001952635,0.0003759521,0.00008423378,0.00005190245,3.160188e-7,2.452318e-7,0.00001991665,0.996702,0.000533225],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002833645,0.9790744,0.0008040998,0.00004285665,0.009454516,0.002398525,0.0008641053,0.0001114893,0.007247241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000009130523,0.9842389,0.00008245232,0.002808105,0.001461166,0.0007444216,0.001017164,0.00008846283,0.009550244],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9776919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174809059","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.011","title":"The relation between language, culture, and thought","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Current Opinion in Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Relation (database); Psychology; Linguistics; Psychoanalysis; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1637019428778144,"gpt":0.5127366277265766,"spread":0.3490346848487622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008875974,0.0004018359,0.0008753918,0.00029076,0.0001461914,0.00005449622,0.0004001432,0.0006723923,0.0002492425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000713399,0.0002744554,0.0001672805,0.0005826091,0.0002038819,0.00007535285,0.00007018923,0.0008718311,0.0005336048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000807975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007146768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002059443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001275827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969274,0.0009135368,0.0008508269,0.0007169185,0.0001883705,0.0004029907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984373,0.0002211305,0.0004242613,0.0007311864,0.00006726487,0.0001188743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007915532,0.00005331862,0.0004958068,0.0007011753,0.00004324665,8.56968e-7,0.002826159,2.046121e-8,2.280448e-8,0.007142145,0.05616381,0.9325655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005034161,0.00005469842,0.004600106,0.0009316116,0.0000948898,0.00005454892,0.0002932304,2.647691e-7,2.196159e-9,0.0006697237,0.9925094,0.0002881469],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008312794,0.9736279,0.0002232159,0.00005419937,0.01613266,0.000767617,0.00007934625,0.00007303406,0.009033719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001129624,0.9929367,0.00002287044,0.00001748757,0.002998618,0.0002316623,0.001841625,0.00005680752,0.001882952],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9363456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042417962","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01754.x","title":"Visual Attention and the Semantics of Space","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Science","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Semantics (computer science); Space (punctuation); Visual attention; Cognitive psychology; Visual perception; Visual space; Cognitive science; Perception; Computer science; Programming language; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01263034174073635,"gpt":0.3572599128396865,"spread":0.3446295710989501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007070357,0.00006367224,0.00009521998,0.00004012986,0.0001538453,0.0000300197,0.0001807196,0.00004951955,0.001127565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004713979,0.00003618069,0.00003233151,0.0004980361,0.0017344,0.0000642751,0.00003798892,0.00006555054,0.00007606213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008275932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003706799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002684945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002439587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991215,0.00007171971,0.0001561816,0.0002722798,0.0002015393,0.0001767303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996057,0.00006124999,0.0000738333,0.0001805529,0.000045268,0.00003339552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002324903,0.0007534315,0.1959767,0.000008319859,0.000007993656,0.000006938339,0.002726712,0.00001745534,0.05477629,0.7268655,0.004862214,0.01376595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006188054,0.00006732613,0.9928479,0.000001964257,0.000007644817,0.00002250519,0.0002884193,0.0001033732,0.00004563153,0.005286142,0.0006513476,0.00005897997],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9566852,0.00008301312,0.00406427,0.0008398582,0.0002808299,0.0001228316,0.000001084075,0.00002580729,0.03789711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981246,0.00001520841,0.0001803966,0.000141306,0.00008851482,0.000006067082,0.000001921997,0.000002748914,0.001439219],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7968712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094137241","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00450.x","title":"Acquisition of English Tense‐Aspect Morphology by Advanced French Instructed Learners","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Learning","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Morphology (biology); Morpheme; Communication; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006936637519323447,"gpt":0.2560317026716712,"spread":0.2490950651523477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001492531,0.0001893244,0.0002944797,0.0001761507,0.0001737988,0.00001022184,0.0001645178,0.0002088163,0.009481153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002831808,0.0001961153,0.00009188879,0.0004071186,0.000173083,0.00013399,0.00003103917,0.0003931251,0.0001494225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000459821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002657166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001326284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005464999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984711,0.0002576265,0.000333421,0.0003936436,0.0001939015,0.0003503412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991205,0.00008231126,0.0002152428,0.0003219655,0.0001829876,0.00007696829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002060669,0.0002998645,0.1577851,0.00005396052,0.0001694915,0.0003388545,0.5249195,0.0007630402,0.278046,0.0008895334,0.01138117,0.02514746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008669934,0.001256475,0.7396911,0.00008217148,0.0001553149,0.0006422869,0.1953766,0.0002198041,0.01164062,0.00006366046,0.04060913,0.001592887],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9742537,0.001031275,0.0007786253,0.00002063361,0.0006204401,0.0001487537,0.00001760216,0.0002888541,0.02284017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869343,0.0000573988,0.0003712025,0.000146177,0.0003813392,0.00001778818,0.0005808675,0.00004540859,0.01146553],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5819061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9914243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557713716","doi":"10.1177/1069397116680352","title":"AnthroTools","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cross-Cultural Research","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Ethnography; Software; Data science; Software engineering; Artificial intelligence; Sociology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1753265554994598,"gpt":0.5549460407078406,"spread":0.3796194852083808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006485019,0.0001198607,0.0001263276,0.0001100076,0.0005120712,0.0003172368,0.0003541439,0.0001569802,0.03787202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004929025,0.00006629899,0.00007672929,0.0004013311,0.001149684,0.0004549816,0.00008405741,0.00021314,0.01136672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001235417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004916908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004261599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008675085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998009,0.0001938877,0.000212036,0.0004199493,0.0004936784,0.0006714287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982829,0.0002232169,0.00003008024,0.0004638066,0.0008406724,0.0001592865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003971347,0.0002989953,0.1023458,0.00003715311,0.00008075032,0.0001030633,0.0173499,5.634203e-7,0.3812946,0.1065981,0.2328644,0.1586295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001339465,0.0001669774,0.6128137,0.00002816828,0.000003526603,0.0000430405,0.002586616,0.000001347117,0.003877643,0.001824014,0.3770706,0.0002449284],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9188253,0.0002148582,0.0001075618,0.0008703914,0.0004526944,0.0003253318,0.00003293477,0.0001259967,0.07904493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8322176,0.00006871186,0.00001660766,0.00005123674,0.0006329161,0.00009996197,0.00002428617,0.00001866213,0.16687],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5104678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9894031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1533801638","doi":"10.37693/pjos.2013.5.9651","title":"Mappings between linguistic sound and motion","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Journal of Semiotics","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Edinburgh","keywords":"Reduplication; Linguistics; Sound symbolism; Sound change; Arbitrariness; Deixis; Vowel; Computer science; Meaning (existential); Phonology; Alternation (linguistics); Psychology; Speech recognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03133203150851555,"gpt":0.2948464055622282,"spread":0.2635143740537126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004473052,0.00009663496,0.0001886884,0.0002051028,0.00008048384,0.0001454396,0.0001313557,0.0001043327,0.001638156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003527373,0.00008417282,0.00005056879,0.0001590409,0.00006928937,0.0002144215,0.00002075221,0.000217687,0.00009665272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004253601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002629999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006612938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005327471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990286,0.00006805423,0.0004138456,0.0001059716,0.0001763309,0.0002072421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988363,0.0001172451,0.0002874778,0.0001315664,0.0004565495,0.0001707946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000103246,0.0002062078,0.888722,0.00006792517,0.0002862585,0.00001951893,0.02673478,0.000008209026,0.0006921478,0.02522282,0.01264164,0.04538816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008110873,0.0001425817,0.9585143,0.00002079316,0.00009825207,0.0003005199,0.003149442,0.00008397493,0.00001150279,0.01943705,0.01723497,0.0001954999],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9601038,0.0004530649,0.03216479,0.001145804,0.0007866838,0.00009484951,0.000003738829,0.00002170269,0.005225597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968691,0.00004512617,0.0005711085,0.0001637326,0.001497442,6.289837e-7,0.00001174184,0.00001592197,0.0008251628],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06979232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947396423","doi":"10.1037/dev0000750","title":"Selective attention to the mouth of talking faces in monolinguals and bilinguals aged 5 months to 5 years.","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture; Concordia University","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Comprehension; Vocabulary; First language; Developmental psychology; Face (sociological concept); Contrast (vision); Multilingualism; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01565744570198116,"gpt":0.3321090820003711,"spread":0.31645163629839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004326,0.0001410742,0.0002367036,0.0003171604,0.00004532622,0.00001567117,0.0001753629,0.0001202148,0.0006278752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004200966,0.0001243837,0.00003120782,0.0005227206,0.00004102136,0.00005132056,0.00005888825,0.0001299301,0.0004329781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005622202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002755321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004930563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001051578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986454,0.0001403089,0.0003701776,0.0004495507,0.0001202346,0.000274276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995442,0.00005841142,0.00008898621,0.0002055232,0.00004210465,0.00006078644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003512293,0.0002290088,0.5743148,0.00001924522,0.00009909082,0.00001258398,0.2984884,0.0000528929,0.08808158,0.0003704829,0.002128571,0.03585209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007640898,0.00009913139,0.9835883,0.00002010937,0.000005276333,0.00002118179,0.01352131,0.000002106106,0.0003639914,0.0001103302,0.001347862,0.0001562623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932228,0.0001043954,0.0001514276,0.0002152549,0.0006196756,0.0007780363,0.00001346372,0.00002810543,0.004866898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968832,0.00001057677,0.0005696868,0.0009519196,0.00005164595,0.00005568812,0.00002688028,0.00002135921,0.001429041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4092736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6874793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090030647","doi":"10.1068/p3405","title":"Is the Acquisition of Basic-Colour Terms in Young Children Constrained?","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perception","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Comprehension; Psychology; Color term; Task (project management); Orange (colour); Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01600739872030914,"gpt":0.2784705781682322,"spread":0.262463179447923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002153563,0.0001177675,0.0001354188,0.0001291518,0.00008365803,0.00002043181,0.0001296543,0.0001266332,0.04643942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009638236,0.00009459975,0.00008055655,0.0002636835,0.0001288274,0.0001196001,0.00001333292,0.0001220541,0.0006459115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005378914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004702786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001087264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003770246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990088,0.0001226128,0.0002860795,0.0002407727,0.0001531457,0.0001886104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999516,0.00002449589,0.00009468501,0.0002932666,0.00004171156,0.00002982784],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005146323,0.0004510678,0.8003886,0.00001685907,0.00004392042,0.000002816225,0.1389596,0.00001830794,0.01832308,0.002421557,0.01018802,0.02913462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006171448,0.00005728257,0.9950761,0.00001167309,0.00002079644,0.00005209421,0.003463865,0.0002458354,0.00002939071,0.0002013922,0.000115194,0.0001092205],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769583,0.00006259418,0.0003833519,0.0005661891,0.000258485,0.000309351,0.00003541073,0.00004288128,0.02138347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969275,0.0000840943,0.00003665573,0.0003705756,0.0002601831,0.00003223202,0.0001039643,0.00001573733,0.002169072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1946875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9544322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402512774","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-72071-1","title":"Large language models predict human sensory judgments across six modalities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NOMIS Stiftung","keywords":"Perception; Computer science; Pairwise comparison; Variation (astronomy); Modalities; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Similarity (geometry); Task (project management); Modality (human–computer interaction); Visual perception; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Image (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02987171211641267,"gpt":0.3489717679857248,"spread":0.3191000558693122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001505123,0.000205191,0.0001981033,0.0001973049,0.000605577,0.0006713889,0.0001568649,0.0001468475,0.00524832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002232657,0.0001892644,0.0001532377,0.0004306036,0.0002337608,0.0004002208,0.00008237023,0.0001794448,0.0004027254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007955313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006849397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003950685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003563777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971998,0.00009153838,0.0005442922,0.001024096,0.0005389595,0.0006013122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985518,0.00002426829,0.0001127434,0.001078567,0.00009774212,0.0001348498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002396677,0.0006135017,0.009304348,0.0003528221,0.0002982035,0.006674218,0.6355664,0.0004470992,0.05498352,0.03062571,0.2587543,0.002355989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002223754,0.00027261,0.03471518,0.0005638478,0.0004166818,0.004354238,0.2639437,0.008346851,0.009213812,0.1218584,0.550781,0.003309981],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9481734,0.001271417,0.001449465,0.00004296988,0.01573798,0.0003103626,0.0001388412,0.0005627401,0.0323128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7682623,0.00000286867,0.00001868731,0.00004389271,0.0003770725,0.00004031609,0.0006054176,0.00003679133,0.2306127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3716227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154826630","doi":"10.1006/brln.2001.2540","title":"Morphological Representation in an Endangered, Polysynthetic Language","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brain and Language","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Endangered species; Representation (politics); Sociology; Philosophy; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03121435837466858,"gpt":0.3312474670468605,"spread":0.3000331086721919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002086761,0.000148853,0.0001783813,0.0001785428,0.00006584964,0.00004882888,0.0001215418,0.0001446701,0.02049142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008257685,0.0001344968,0.00004386921,0.0002520063,0.00008960467,0.0001349385,0.00002514815,0.0001493248,0.0002536289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002369638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003297588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001486497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001143453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987067,0.0002525401,0.0002211455,0.000410986,0.0001255333,0.0002830736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993514,0.000106302,0.00005239828,0.0003687606,0.00001302089,0.0001081316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001276883,0.0009940604,0.0522868,0.00003322611,0.00003574586,0.002177216,0.6183512,0.000007092002,0.09229566,0.00580366,0.0100182,0.2178695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003524453,0.0003674059,0.8398629,0.00002980148,0.00003782092,0.0007650052,0.1493769,0.0008697787,0.0008697722,0.0002008832,0.003306856,0.0007884738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9805826,0.001959461,0.0001377063,0.0004757936,0.0001479724,0.0001997945,0.00002225126,0.00012637,0.01634807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888246,0.00002923619,0.0001097748,0.0009664252,0.0002288079,0.00003282632,0.0001139187,0.00002345355,0.009670973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7875761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.980404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2495806371","doi":"10.1075/tsl.84.07ric","title":"Athapaskan eating and drinking verbs and constructions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Typological studies in language","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Art; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05746943969578974,"gpt":0.3617827531194009,"spread":0.3043133134236112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001769313,0.0002959773,0.0004955331,0.0001351041,0.0002060351,0.00002282634,0.00008751164,0.0003637795,0.001844954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008553636,0.0002467041,0.00005422764,0.00004673378,0.0008051425,0.00003615285,0.0001252949,0.0004131736,0.0000406218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006413998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006330346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001248551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005535117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987435,0.00004976983,0.0003331894,0.0004949059,0.0001129132,0.0002657648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993577,0.0002159011,0.0001264415,0.0002071789,0.00003335926,0.00005939615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006238708,0.00005678117,0.01333278,0.0000873509,0.0002765992,0.0005882216,0.07034947,0.000001017384,0.00007031507,0.7674432,0.001203566,0.1465283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006058665,0.00193009,0.4752271,0.001648389,0.000885311,0.002816269,0.2160043,0.00001907851,0.000009500655,0.169981,0.1209434,0.004476947],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1900688,0.03443972,0.00001626966,0.00009741443,0.0005215829,0.0003123324,0.00002272203,0.000144216,0.7743769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7857006,0.004350139,0.0004696969,0.0005085456,0.0007577616,0.00002737632,0.00006498292,0.00004022958,0.2080807],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5974622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111682975","doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.045","title":"The N2pc component in ERP and the lateralization effect of language on color perception","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neuroscience Letters","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Southwest University","keywords":"N2pc; Lateralization of brain function; Perception; Psychology; Event-related potential; Cognitive psychology; Right hemisphere; Color vision; Set (abstract data type); Visual field; Visual perception; Audiology; Electroencephalography; Neuroscience; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005844817927154015,"gpt":0.2821776004383422,"spread":0.2763327825111881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000482719,0.00008193147,0.00009824592,0.00006348334,0.0001597423,0.00004538688,0.0001507368,0.0000285038,0.00003055008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005348118,0.00004441392,0.00002916852,0.0002225722,0.0002922612,0.00006385962,0.00000988902,0.00009307994,0.000008760259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001917087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000284066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001559574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002940542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998979,0.0003617665,0.0001485858,0.0001983185,0.0001607595,0.0001516232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995408,0.0001710766,0.0000641836,0.0001968695,0.000007764776,0.00001928507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008723416,0.00009947981,0.02462612,0.0000117113,0.000002632634,0.00001718579,0.0430846,0.0007178873,0.9068318,0.006510149,0.002110204,0.01511589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001211788,0.0002535168,0.9961088,0.000008363935,0.000006776774,0.00001070812,0.0003998963,0.001033529,0.0004727073,0.00002068474,0.0004089591,0.00006431371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921322,0.00002057513,0.0001654729,0.006659588,0.0003618997,0.0003143631,0.000001572465,0.00001917668,0.0003251393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915091,0.00002138844,0.000002350601,0.008269363,0.0000470163,0.00001302695,0.000004406481,0.000004533946,0.0001288358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9714826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1811147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1592170291","doi":"10.1023/a:1010503321412","title":"Plausible Reasoning and the Resolution of Quantifier Scope Ambiguities","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studia Logica","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Commonsense reasoning; Computer science; Commonsense knowledge; Quantifier (linguistics); Computational linguistics; Simple (philosophy); Preference; Artificial intelligence; Phenomenon; Epistemology; Knowledge representation and reasoning; Mathematics; Programming language; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03145428239249323,"gpt":0.3095952774193292,"spread":0.278140995026836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004026108,0.00007871079,0.0001549032,0.0000415848,0.0001964043,0.0000177643,0.0000788468,0.00005669038,0.00165832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007288178,0.00005025147,0.00003576467,0.0001703715,0.0002944178,0.00004210253,0.00003479542,0.00007031328,0.00004554866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009765477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001449497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001140164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004658925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992669,0.0001421394,0.0001721308,0.0001691546,0.00009971901,0.0001499208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999578,0.0001003623,0.00007783475,0.0001698455,0.00005303268,0.00002095469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006715559,0.0001553789,0.06195803,0.00002106963,0.0001265531,0.00001113949,0.04054866,0.00002728268,0.0006369511,0.874562,0.01794428,0.003337132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002656647,0.0001651769,0.9328102,0.00003287253,0.00008121478,0.00005022428,0.02236831,0.00004490459,0.00003359421,0.002898818,0.03865918,0.0001988073],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7582026,0.003830609,0.0007279057,0.0003432979,0.0003097991,0.0002335549,0.000006655951,0.00004594813,0.2362997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926768,0.0009072145,0.0001026519,0.0001152918,0.0001538518,0.00002444909,0.000009811275,0.00000710472,0.006002854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8716632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3150141661","doi":"10.5334/gjgl.1210","title":"How children attend to events before speaking: crosslinguistic evidence from the motion domain","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Glossa a journal of general linguistics","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Motion (physics); Psychology; Event (particle physics); Linguistics; Task (project management); Language production; Encoding (memory); Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Cognition; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0240973930103329,"gpt":0.3147552563212715,"spread":0.2906578633109386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005250958,0.0002252252,0.0003178946,0.00008183818,0.0002886197,0.0002276038,0.0004444587,0.0001333478,0.0005700364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005583857,0.0001717621,0.0002069119,0.0003409129,0.00007082852,0.00004664971,0.00008237817,0.0003551959,0.00005758795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001250579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001532335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003965057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005783408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979756,0.0002697135,0.0005854609,0.0003165934,0.0005101899,0.000342442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972032,0.0001590742,0.0004420944,0.0004847792,0.001510605,0.0002002722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004943835,0.0006606934,0.8610305,0.00003892235,0.0009792636,0.001349176,0.06914793,0.001130779,0.00587241,0.01468655,0.03149348,0.01311586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001075156,0.0002590813,0.9611375,0.0002406005,0.0003092215,0.0004851501,0.001750971,0.00004524655,0.0002403127,0.006971499,0.02714109,0.0003441726],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9668758,0.001931415,0.02323904,0.001043549,0.006042877,0.0001634216,0.0001402769,0.00002104413,0.000542598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9725127,0.00005694214,0.006432435,0.0006573752,0.01844439,0.000002787534,0.0001007868,0.00003666335,0.001755963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.100107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7004257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022130813","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2004.12.005","title":"The role of perception, language, and preference in the developmental acquisition of basic color terms","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Nottingham","keywords":"Psychology; Preference; Cognitive psychology; Perception; Language acquisition; Developmental psychology; Cognitive science; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01376630766184205,"gpt":0.3212271863225109,"spread":0.3074608786606688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004603507,0.0001131518,0.0001953904,0.0001276212,0.00009245757,0.00001309633,0.0002697765,0.00009098268,0.001043676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001110956,0.00007068174,0.00006618816,0.0001417148,0.0002238187,0.0001137979,0.00002154823,0.0001817876,0.00001051853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004211858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001653068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004656197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007317073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987415,0.0002229984,0.0005644484,0.0001391783,0.0001761404,0.0001557311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993273,0.0000755357,0.0003484084,0.0001669834,0.00004700429,0.00003477098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001638174,0.002288836,0.09557997,0.00001212849,0.0001638205,0.00001601191,0.3807538,0.000006539778,0.4641241,0.0103642,0.002822404,0.04223006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001626223,0.0005266732,0.9022487,0.00002582347,0.00001630424,0.0008744174,0.08634432,0.000004130513,0.004909308,0.0001614678,0.003168763,0.00009380707],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.977291,0.003712205,0.00002475877,0.0004533198,0.0002208996,0.0001651486,0.00000642084,0.000003693246,0.01812254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988406,0.0001628192,0.0002087822,0.0004508437,0.0002265835,0.00001132128,0.000007993231,0.00000979982,0.00008131497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8066688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121547787","doi":"10.1177/0956797609359623","title":"An Adaptive Cognitive Dissociation Between Willingness to Help Kin and Nonkin in Samoan <i>Fa’afafine</i>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Science","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Samoan; Psychology; Dissociation (chemistry); Cognition; Developmental psychology; Social psychology; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0287131104925393,"gpt":0.3994054842641024,"spread":0.3706923737715631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001001558,0.0001601381,0.0001960728,0.0001556179,0.000239942,0.00009681033,0.0003719636,0.0001758569,0.0006857542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003089229,0.0001334611,0.00002668606,0.001215764,0.0006776326,0.000294892,0.00004575344,0.0003207883,0.0001399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000353203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002480807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002787506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005233091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980041,0.0001257155,0.0002585397,0.0008434412,0.0003072223,0.0004609673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990138,0.0001591884,0.00008412806,0.0002568959,0.0001328169,0.0003531193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001743718,0.000528561,0.8601545,0.000002618424,0.000005147737,0.00001192379,0.01763838,0.000002127433,0.03024677,0.009523164,0.00008828663,0.08162416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004756002,0.0005127884,0.9945687,0.000009469667,0.000006437842,0.000006974218,0.002223844,0.00002798391,0.0001136958,0.00164191,0.0001980877,0.0002145081],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873952,0.00001583987,0.005031093,0.0003121781,0.0005310437,0.0003669712,0.00003153662,0.0000707393,0.006245433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980764,0.000005741201,0.0005572286,0.0008164857,0.000334398,0.00005079779,0.00003142417,0.000009909468,0.0001175876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1344142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7508528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170978077","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2015.00027","title":"Brain bases of language selection: MEG evidence from Arabic-English bilingual language production","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Psychology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Cued speech; Cognitive psychology; Context (archaeology); Contrast (vision); Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04398425203749184,"gpt":0.3381932465835611,"spread":0.2942089945460693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007189888,0.000184011,0.000256604,0.0003524359,0.0001253405,0.00005296491,0.0004206377,0.00009865647,0.0002341643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002052199,0.000185915,0.00005756933,0.00100965,0.0003507193,0.0005160735,0.00005085992,0.0002353116,0.000004883419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000106781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001286357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00195037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007346998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977753,0.0003350812,0.0003967178,0.0007469882,0.000418914,0.0003269961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989499,0.00007284235,0.0001882351,0.0005056134,0.0001647201,0.0001187199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001897918,0.0004925253,0.3904462,0.00004308854,0.000011481,0.00007621485,0.3432888,0.001760119,0.1966464,0.0003660603,0.06278398,0.003895333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00334397,0.001437544,0.7134444,0.0003800189,0.000113802,0.00008600128,0.2120608,0.003228736,0.05473763,0.000955551,0.008510198,0.001701415],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852662,0.0009310848,0.006533491,0.0001103963,0.005772274,0.0003075305,0.00002004863,0.0001467858,0.000912201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940833,0.00001331482,0.0006786087,0.0002299822,0.0007645919,0.00002290453,0.00002627053,0.00002434691,0.004156651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3229982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7581394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W608320424","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139342872.001","title":"Introduction","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01573705364139226,"gpt":0.2190216239913508,"spread":0.2032845703499585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001043423,0.0003036704,0.0003099079,0.0002184732,0.0001732122,0.00002950216,0.0002944455,0.0004850994,0.0008684894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005776726,0.0003725594,0.0001802582,0.000008439079,0.0001870658,0.00004208703,0.00008845612,0.0003596325,0.0005410771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001556949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003615176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003065497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008586221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987468,0.00006022165,0.0001776477,0.0006031873,0.0001759718,0.0002362288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987737,0.00002765497,0.0001938449,0.0007364148,0.0001477728,0.0001206304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005554355,0.000006122822,0.000001878902,0.00002038404,0.00008033662,0.00003326984,0.0002549629,7.809886e-7,0.00002886226,0.6734015,0.3239749,0.00214143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000465988,0.00004894338,0.000139048,0.00001673259,0.0002018376,0.00003562991,0.0001087342,0.000004737825,0.00001818796,0.00001039512,0.9985794,0.0003703662],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000185786,0.00008785435,0.003529321,0.00004375519,0.001686714,0.000277255,0.0001003353,0.000237487,0.9938515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001663177,0.00003920757,0.00002224863,0.00008333063,0.002924506,8.802656e-7,0.0004015114,0.00006188774,0.9948032],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6746045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3031279658","doi":"10.17269/s41997-020-00325-2","title":"Identifying visible minorities or racialized persons on surveys: can we just ask?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Western University","funders":"Institute of Gender and Health; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Ask price; Sociology; Internet privacy; Criminology; Political science; Computer science; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2057580230167682,"gpt":0.3864501366742621,"spread":0.1806921136574939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002062533,0.0001588157,0.0003708198,0.0005528109,0.0004055373,0.000236808,0.0003040912,0.000110561,0.0111027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004082058,0.000144389,0.0001159528,0.0006144408,0.00009068676,0.0002148261,0.000006125382,0.0003754103,0.00008717905],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005483372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007707571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09657032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4507806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972309,0.001015302,0.0005821804,0.0002133284,0.0002460649,0.0007121981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965401,0.0001010827,0.0003362785,0.0001829374,0.000222125,0.002617501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006590843,0.0001022688,0.05192708,0.0002517702,0.0002354979,0.0005797485,0.4768878,0.000009481767,0.0000240207,0.01034029,0.3801435,0.07943261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002665444,0.001140115,0.1722672,0.0001156137,0.00003618221,0.0004027453,0.219244,0.00003001532,0.000003480681,0.0001110875,0.6035314,0.0004527115],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6805275,0.004795789,0.0134912,0.2804447,0.00807794,0.0007119068,0.0007657766,0.0001030418,0.01108215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849139,0.0001452784,0.00007915635,0.007963945,0.001510364,0.000004138127,0.00005269276,0.00003661351,0.005293952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3542103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043491086","doi":"10.1080/713756669","title":"The development of conceptual colour categories in pre-school children: Influence of perceptual categorization","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Visual Cognition","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Psychology; Perception; Comprehension; Cognitive psychology; Concept learning; Task (project management); Categorical variable; Developmental psychology; Communication; Linguistics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01448252499650667,"gpt":0.3066726392567153,"spread":0.2921901142602087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004694714,0.0001639555,0.0002045691,0.0001522871,0.0001780801,0.00001837565,0.000125774,0.0001491706,0.0008252454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002243313,0.0001418919,0.00004320519,0.0004908818,0.0003793656,0.0001723446,0.00001813917,0.0001409569,0.00005944772],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006357659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002405227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000233908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006451224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982498,0.000280148,0.0006912292,0.0002601155,0.0002712818,0.000247473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990361,0.000118152,0.0002733062,0.0001639737,0.0003490366,0.00005940554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000967724,0.001909238,0.3870257,0.0001245531,0.0003407235,0.000003815968,0.4383705,0.0006607821,0.07016025,0.08911295,0.0003329417,0.01099082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001191722,0.0002182844,0.9633914,0.00002869573,0.00004066058,0.00000823773,0.02552555,0.00001558373,0.008650089,0.0005324404,0.0001923267,0.0002050289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954033,0.0001353934,0.00186689,0.00000778613,0.0001763959,0.0004995042,0.00001432671,0.00003136606,0.001864997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990813,0.00002776294,0.0001094023,0.0000324436,0.00004772682,0.00008659363,0.0002685291,0.00001973422,0.0003265674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5763657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9035859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332017813","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.001","title":"The sound of distance","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; University of Toronto; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sound symbolism; Vowel; Meaning (existential); Perception; Psychology; Sound (geography); Linguistics; Action (physics); Cognitive psychology; Communication; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01931899406329254,"gpt":0.3025362759984087,"spread":0.2832172819351161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008245857,0.00003280559,0.00003479592,0.00001358041,0.00006989113,0.000006462553,0.00004402366,0.00002714812,0.001783893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003229304,0.00001795131,0.00002198776,0.00005215923,0.00008503845,0.00003843253,0.000004021466,0.00001560937,0.0003280443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007885554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004954993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005844985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008221748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996762,0.00003293272,0.00009002108,0.00007439205,0.00005461394,0.00007180404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996691,0.00008842673,0.0000447875,0.0001201856,0.00006433165,0.00001317788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004058401,0.0002803096,0.02640968,0.00003127286,0.0001080502,0.000005225656,0.01230964,2.041637e-7,0.04579512,0.3082413,0.02847202,0.5779414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002726284,0.0001796089,0.6564366,0.00007837402,0.0000961312,0.00002439601,0.004702256,0.000004886593,0.00493705,0.1749887,0.1554973,0.0003284673],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7644052,0.0005358901,0.1280489,0.0005220457,0.0009620322,0.0001922774,0.00005874245,0.00006639418,0.1052085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933202,0.00004650942,0.00000650509,0.00004019348,0.0001318263,0.00001468877,0.0000174922,0.000005200842,0.006417336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6300269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121711440","doi":"10.3138/carto.45.3.185","title":"Lynch Debord: About Two Psychogeographies","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychic; Sociology; Art history; Aesthetics; Environmental ethics; History; Art; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00851192545490296,"gpt":0.3369711541016185,"spread":0.3284592286467156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001205413,0.0002671515,0.0001902292,0.00142728,0.0009873321,0.0008424687,0.0005910153,0.0001998126,0.001153774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001653358,0.0002045553,0.0003151166,0.0008330331,0.0003563464,0.001105056,0.00005030822,0.0004681184,0.0000265758],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009618322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004883239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000301282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007144618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979026,0.00008602893,0.0008141234,0.0002290537,0.0006038005,0.0003643578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973959,0.0001537227,0.0005291221,0.000311852,0.001434746,0.0001746768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004813797,0.0002035791,0.1476554,0.00003253365,0.0007251215,0.000003750284,0.01572142,0.00007527744,0.0008756855,0.7116973,0.01650026,0.1060283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003734405,0.0001751455,0.2350662,0.00003601944,0.000156435,0.0007574367,0.005402127,0.001230083,0.00005109305,0.01358892,0.7392763,0.0005258086],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9278392,0.000624013,0.0433553,0.003386396,0.01636858,0.001045384,0.0001507111,0.0002457064,0.006984686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938285,0.001026768,0.0002508511,0.002535681,0.001151503,0.0001506274,0.000749301,0.00002689939,0.0002798898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7227761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159149804","doi":"10.1037/a0029382","title":"How yellow is your banana? Toddlers' language-mediated visual search in referent-present tasks.","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Referent; Psychology; Salience (neuroscience); Lexicon; Toddler; Vocabulary development; Categorization; Color term; Meaning (existential); Vocabulary; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Developmental psychology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05853577293573656,"gpt":0.3859230682850496,"spread":0.3273872953493131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004529642,0.0003310443,0.0003518022,0.000524138,0.0001095836,0.00004940568,0.0003509581,0.0003893102,0.01426424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003336049,0.0003290531,0.00008725675,0.0006898401,0.0001605454,0.0002537635,0.0001022494,0.0004114769,0.003248477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002073631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005857819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005994775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003248029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972429,0.0002926958,0.0004347415,0.0006485021,0.0003299748,0.00105114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991179,0.00006386835,0.00009260843,0.0003869464,0.00005584093,0.0002828891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003974506,0.001894369,0.6441352,0.00003784802,0.0002537424,0.0001801441,0.174171,7.966166e-7,0.01424703,0.0006245262,0.1191257,0.04493222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00242038,0.0000923277,0.9000726,0.00001146834,0.00001503759,0.0001710006,0.03090758,0.000008518731,0.0005284144,0.00002407499,0.06524456,0.0005040485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9664423,0.0006861478,0.0003064193,0.001403052,0.001918688,0.000403281,0.00004784712,0.0001210185,0.02867118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788001,0.00007899258,0.0003439892,0.002322615,0.0005302298,0.00008230037,0.0007913992,0.0000622395,0.01698817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2559374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2293559397","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2016.02.013","title":"Walking on a mental time line: Temporal processing affects step movements along the sagittal space","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Cortex","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Timeline; Psychology; Horizontal and vertical; Sagittal plane; Orientation (vector space); Space (punctuation); Cognitive psychology; Horizontal plane; Mental representation; Cognition; Computer science; Geodesy; Geography; Geometry; Neuroscience; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01356093949884261,"gpt":0.2854061500100384,"spread":0.2718452105111958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002426026,0.0004563892,0.0003526116,0.000164149,0.0003149678,0.000148533,0.0004236422,0.0005586345,0.006502857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001743707,0.0003015884,0.0001666709,0.0001750717,0.0001318475,0.0001161233,0.00007472649,0.0007906666,0.002150528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000176889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008184148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002145885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007047245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976645,0.0002141144,0.0003134159,0.000721951,0.0004958137,0.000590175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987801,0.000109677,0.000345723,0.0006418979,0.00006126694,0.00006135442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005006067,0.0000568362,0.001293409,0.00007015863,0.000108014,0.0002093511,0.003950019,1.451858e-7,0.0006535511,0.00002865551,0.9641843,0.02939545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001546568,0.0002752581,0.02411296,0.0005421599,0.0001137076,0.0001087431,0.0005564552,0.00005207867,0.0000445363,0.00006851214,0.9717738,0.0008052139],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3455248,0.00341713,0.002617526,0.4041155,0.01792663,0.007733233,0.000869667,0.001721466,0.216074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3498556,0.00003289904,0.00004801659,0.3026701,0.02021976,0.0002031406,0.00286508,0.0003299938,0.3237755],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1077014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101090051","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2008.08.005","title":"Children’s and adolescents’ perception of the authenticity of smiles","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Perception; Ethnic group; Developmental psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01421565225672405,"gpt":0.3083123173356002,"spread":0.2940966650788762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001729278,0.0001341801,0.0002989699,0.0001454584,0.0001058833,0.000003414852,0.0002428448,0.0001265124,0.001076834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001306843,0.00009742711,0.0001864015,0.0001332832,0.0004626828,0.00007763597,0.0000354242,0.0002155839,0.000006428594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002467185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001605293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008261789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004744901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986964,0.0001899219,0.0005942021,0.0001693376,0.0002003879,0.0001497317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990064,0.0000146051,0.0005643797,0.0002722874,0.00007945907,0.00006290319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005777806,0.001994986,0.8385775,0.00001350846,0.0001673228,0.000007529074,0.04551924,0.000002434528,0.1073484,0.001033942,0.003852197,0.0009051574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001708705,0.0003767124,0.9908254,0.00004741604,0.00003217587,0.001821637,0.002199405,6.787652e-7,0.002756678,0.0000461612,0.0001017418,0.00008330561],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944931,0.001637596,0.0001192074,0.0001389049,0.001001709,0.0001479894,0.00001291624,0.00000581383,0.002442745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989938,0.0001840097,0.00007312107,0.0002776585,0.0003471747,0.00000183299,0.000004097949,0.00001557387,0.0001027458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1522479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2591658583","doi":"10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.02.001","title":"The spatial alignment of time: Differences in alignment of deictic and sequence time along the sagittal and lateral axes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Psychologica","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deixis; Perspective (graphical); Sequence (biology); Space (punctuation); Sagittal plane; Variety (cybernetics); Psychology; Time sequence; Front (military); Communication; Computer science; Geography; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03017960646805861,"gpt":0.3113762284499983,"spread":0.2811966219819397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003973049,0.0001311026,0.0002014986,0.00003071198,0.0002597624,0.00006189298,0.0003467624,0.00009043197,0.0007071804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004631969,0.00007081106,0.00003274632,0.00003695535,0.0006449184,0.00007312972,0.0000803498,0.00008902503,0.00001504114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001154797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008271771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001378733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003104105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989311,0.0001691046,0.0002915124,0.0002658495,0.0001474466,0.0001950208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989828,0.0001793076,0.0002560127,0.0005217246,0.00002409618,0.00003604051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003309011,0.0003335368,0.9091736,0.00002006076,0.0001392364,0.00001662436,0.02030121,6.992875e-7,0.04514428,0.001613608,0.001748999,0.02117724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005181707,0.0002123632,0.9974675,0.00001826445,0.00002014432,0.00002228682,0.0004769069,0.00003133611,0.0001395838,0.0007259431,0.0002779724,0.00008948198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943308,0.0002676317,0.00001360239,0.00109235,0.0001688452,0.0002599781,0.0000209174,0.000009810745,0.00383605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984236,0.0003635605,0.00001801903,0.0000908236,0.00005375028,0.00002321258,0.000006854707,0.000007000893,0.001013217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08829394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7743129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800088363","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0226000","title":"Category learning can alter perception and its neural correlates","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Perception; Neural correlates of consciousness; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02682806999214494,"gpt":0.2536444492808501,"spread":0.2268163792887052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009330852,0.0001135876,0.0001530403,0.00008169936,0.00009107626,0.00003050284,0.00006129113,0.0001052832,0.01169229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001804949,0.000112531,0.00002671667,0.00008641912,0.00002453006,0.000101735,0.00002117625,0.0002151675,0.001651914],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002741969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009133588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002595305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007354126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991563,0.00009112384,0.0001433525,0.0002701946,0.0001338166,0.0002052075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996396,0.00003507161,0.00005370912,0.0001471217,0.00005889651,0.00006559034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001033118,0.0007193715,0.6849918,0.0001439943,0.0002004084,0.00001037381,0.0678865,0.00006788305,0.2402516,0.002028318,0.0005741934,0.003022245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001190489,0.0003489521,0.9841796,0.00004208323,0.0001566886,0.00002814234,0.007290367,0.005511933,0.0004669054,0.000107487,0.0002778991,0.0003994323],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99238,0.0002772681,0.00001312124,0.0002048419,0.0002059897,0.0002305066,0.000004120273,0.0001111407,0.006573011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9656712,0.000063457,0.00001541901,0.0002383242,0.0002157199,0.00001654016,0.0001160196,0.00002795219,0.03363541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2991878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2395961339","doi":"10.1111/modl.12331","title":"The Role of Statistical Learning and Working Memory in L2 Speakers’ Pattern Learning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Language Journal","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Statistical learning; Psychology; Working memory; Object (grammar); Test (biology); Statistical analysis; Transitive relation; Verbal learning; Memory test; Statistical hypothesis testing; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Cognition; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007547804397745949,"gpt":0.2761442342221596,"spread":0.2685964298244136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006802572,0.0001073603,0.0001540655,0.00009896734,0.000201031,0.00005758106,0.0001085504,0.00007180576,0.001611177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001382917,0.00006564572,0.00003826292,0.00007024356,0.00009308563,0.00007179454,0.00003402625,0.0004079025,0.00002463759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004338853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002125381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002081114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003558475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987126,0.0003486877,0.0003046971,0.0001620877,0.0001864514,0.0002854858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993101,0.000314187,0.000162713,0.0001047856,0.00003306251,0.00007516144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005457105,0.00002623192,0.2004489,0.000003638162,0.00002733014,0.00009154071,0.05708337,0.00003266143,0.00993253,0.0002023418,0.00002595896,0.7320709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004314553,0.0003247548,0.8172686,0.0003231277,0.0000785017,0.001296288,0.1595001,0.003503902,0.0004525802,0.003471791,0.008868624,0.0005972548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9458306,0.003263386,0.04655915,0.0001041299,0.0001715414,0.00006218567,0.000002366704,0.00002259735,0.003984035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967067,0.0001918165,0.00007673043,0.00002407485,0.0002994611,0.000002969133,0.000003318889,0.00002409917,0.002670809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7314737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049304476","doi":"10.3758/s13428-011-0184-7","title":"The bank of standardized stimuli (BOSS): comparison between French and English norms","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavior Research Methods","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital; McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Boss; Categorization; Linguistics; Psychology; Concordance; Set (abstract data type); Affect (linguistics); Agreement; Social psychology; Object (grammar); Communication; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2853743435963629,"gpt":0.6022035280019665,"spread":0.3168291844056036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01124934,0.000148842,0.0003562228,0.0001924065,0.0004553594,0.0000793209,0.000334108,0.0001826211,0.001645848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008123544,0.0001046239,0.00008129136,0.000503101,0.0006458866,0.0001443879,0.0001398758,0.0005548449,0.00002301496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006756995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006213092,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001132851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008640785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948745,0.003047168,0.000458242,0.0002809402,0.0006326366,0.0007064857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963624,0.002109355,0.0001035623,0.0006223954,0.000548402,0.0002538247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005766977,0.0002027157,0.7074117,0.00001656661,0.00004068271,0.000001169356,0.0320587,1.912809e-7,0.002519234,0.00126712,0.003333612,0.2530906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007289766,0.0001564044,0.9366052,0.000007137165,0.00005798605,0.000002521559,0.007359626,0.000003725551,0.001545565,0.0001212824,0.05328202,0.0001295373],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787114,0.002787412,0.01201386,0.00004669418,0.0006534289,0.0007013067,0.00008655251,0.00005598931,0.004943382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865047,0.00008904492,0.009974383,0.000004745534,0.0006345892,0.0001745172,0.00005339033,0.00003371604,0.002530924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2529611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2741805586","doi":"10.1037/xlm0000436","title":"The acquisition of simple associations as observed in color–word contingency learning.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Contingency; Word (group theory); Task (project management); Contingency management; Psychology; PsycINFO; Contrast (vision); Simple (philosophy); Cognitive psychology; Contingency table; Color term; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Machine learning; MEDLINE","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0409711792736288,"gpt":0.3798467818301021,"spread":0.3388756025564733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001009494,0.0001179108,0.0002425753,0.0001188827,0.0007853234,0.00006926685,0.000173299,0.0001616455,0.0007286235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003345764,0.0001025185,0.00009554939,0.00007483635,0.0002350686,0.0002610555,0.00002848056,0.0004547306,0.00002189274],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003497179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002388716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000100131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004731561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984235,0.0005101372,0.0005415385,0.0001727731,0.0001604413,0.0001916365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998248,0.0001934379,0.001167658,0.0001539663,0.0001828714,0.00005406492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003570442,0.001827834,0.4786833,0.00002382118,0.0004993458,0.0001286617,0.05213879,0.00009154819,0.4121111,0.003798239,0.001619696,0.0455072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003384913,0.001078863,0.9680625,0.00004156787,0.00005818167,0.0001403257,0.02158101,0.00002416194,0.003016474,0.001281849,0.001185603,0.0001445301],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832543,0.001250754,0.00007319843,0.0003403287,0.0006747764,0.0001373286,0.000002303771,0.00001232116,0.01425467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984559,0.0002273502,0.00002448647,0.0001313883,0.0002058968,0.00001259408,0.0000309532,0.00001444602,0.0008969156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4893792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7977916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987469653","doi":"10.1177/1069397103257895","title":"Cultural Complexity Revisited","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cross-Cultural Research","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Set (abstract data type); Subject (documents); Sociology; Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2374210503370686,"gpt":0.5421809654236763,"spread":0.3047599150866077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006992641,0.0002078787,0.0002353643,0.0001394038,0.001034967,0.000748387,0.0005036245,0.0002148451,0.01070331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004268951,0.0001514609,0.0001430134,0.000944621,0.001638828,0.0005984073,0.0001265278,0.0006519376,0.005618764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003268085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007230828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002606502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002896345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972482,0.0002382336,0.000349078,0.0005856805,0.000715888,0.0008628985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975131,0.00007723767,0.00005626287,0.0005473569,0.001557661,0.0002484025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007510245,0.0008713622,0.03920674,0.0001821492,0.0002042508,0.0002578374,0.09082214,0.00007021755,0.08228235,0.664807,0.1095311,0.01101378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003004652,0.0002584744,0.8288653,0.00005392196,0.00001373803,0.0001593839,0.01164062,0.00001067244,0.001146222,0.009757672,0.1445589,0.0005304599],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9308965,0.0005694972,0.00005503621,0.0007377214,0.000352043,0.000404153,0.00005043216,0.0002118471,0.06672281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9661728,0.00007277955,0.0001416025,0.0001641672,0.0008192373,0.00005302289,0.0005179088,0.00002623155,0.03203231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7896585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286494955","doi":"10.1038/s41597-022-01552-7","title":"The Multilingual Picture Database","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Data","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"Department of Education and Training; Saint Petersburg State University; Israel Science Foundation; Academy of Finland; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; National Research Foundation of Korea; Comunidad de Madrid","keywords":"Multilingualism; Computer science; Psycholinguistics; Variety (cybernetics); Field (mathematics); Value (mathematics); Linguistics; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Mathematics; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06283960389950143,"gpt":0.3644330016659291,"spread":0.3015933977664276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001683338,0.00007793624,0.00005885014,0.00006311766,0.002139842,0.0002386987,0.001810888,0.00001939085,0.01669971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001137616,0.00005795125,0.00002283848,0.0004436273,0.0002261804,0.0001484513,0.001069376,0.0001900008,0.0005577479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002384345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008929345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001634988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984283,0.0001683127,0.0001622616,0.0006328144,0.0003546064,0.0002536958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965824,0.00007730584,0.00005818171,0.003190684,0.00003770734,0.00005374156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002558474,0.0001102851,0.0004687542,0.000002789579,0.00001729838,0.00001568322,0.009018926,0.00001194011,0.001156508,0.003439551,0.966107,0.01962567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002149653,0.000009543472,0.002742975,7.122506e-7,0.00001262063,0.00002079999,0.01180704,0.000345498,0.00001792144,0.0001125149,0.9846308,0.00008458056],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7651758,0.005204816,0.003125314,0.002898743,0.08926574,0.001653808,0.08929615,0.0006881805,0.04269142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7606432,0.000007487957,0.0001559865,0.000348164,0.0005555562,0.00004815872,0.05783761,0.00002608891,0.1803778],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1376863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769979802","doi":"10.1111/mila.12159","title":"Perceptual expansion under cognitive guidance: Lessons from language processing","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mind & Language","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Cognition; Sketch; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Inference; Perceptual psychology; Cognitive architecture; Focus (optics); Representation (politics); Psychology; Computer science; Social cognition; Politics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0407297331669472,"gpt":0.3905828877859833,"spread":0.3498531546190361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002256032,0.0003089955,0.0003132206,0.0001123084,0.0007589545,0.0002861461,0.0004609891,0.0002651346,0.02228505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001250301,0.0002865992,0.0001252236,0.00009550885,0.0002751321,0.0003454988,0.0001088759,0.0002834285,0.001567003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000629232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007486469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004677617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002903297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980736,0.0001321852,0.0003142795,0.0006891062,0.0003044237,0.0004864182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985477,0.00007297807,0.0002597494,0.0008650331,0.0001031641,0.0001514273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001785344,0.0003715036,0.008395579,0.00002816253,0.0001097391,0.0004042637,0.5692263,0.000002569212,0.05268363,0.0003678425,0.002477131,0.3657548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002344234,0.00007966068,0.5800112,0.0001826774,0.000169685,0.00004036743,0.4126436,0.00008824035,0.002356655,0.00008719265,0.00132156,0.0006748977],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9594089,0.003110934,0.002405291,0.0003171817,0.0005843526,0.000265104,0.0002909559,0.0001177868,0.03349949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792308,0.00001125847,0.0002595921,0.0004622207,0.001211639,0.00004802105,0.0006815951,0.00006860541,0.01802633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5716156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999586,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327309899","doi":"10.1017/s0959774312000467","title":"Civic and Household Community Relationships at Teotihuacan, Mexico: a Space Syntax Approach","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cambridge Archaeological Journal","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Space syntax; Syntax; Materialism; Space (punctuation); Identity (music); Focus (optics); Semantics (computer science); Sociology; History; Linguistics; Geography; Epistemology; Computer science; Aesthetics; Art; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08657679724573455,"gpt":0.2941349635302779,"spread":0.2075581662845433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001991235,0.0002453181,0.000307136,0.0001688941,0.001313312,0.0000401167,0.000293112,0.0002746633,0.0007879851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002766306,0.000193759,0.0001218423,0.000244501,0.000751461,0.0002440064,0.0002923643,0.001758508,0.0001325416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001455781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002448508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001948309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006389231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966438,0.001813033,0.000397751,0.00022884,0.0002564033,0.0006601516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983037,0.0004506946,0.0001973539,0.0004225171,0.00006636887,0.0005593847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001291458,0.0004663102,0.9219433,0.00001768151,0.0000763276,0.00003378884,0.02324669,0.00002301495,0.0004980993,0.04253324,0.01020641,0.0008260072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007034923,0.0001276066,0.9806128,0.00001014362,0.00005496983,0.005197838,0.006235932,0.00003156887,0.00001946467,0.0004962556,0.0062555,0.0002544828],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682286,0.001753417,0.01193752,0.000583283,0.0004433801,0.0002019412,0.00002619751,0.0001285689,0.01669714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931411,0.0001872634,0.001029254,0.0004578603,0.0006778091,0.00002268572,0.00006493004,0.00003212884,0.004387022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05866946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161468427","doi":"10.3138/v743-k505-5510-66q5","title":"The Impact of Bivariate Symbol Design on Task Performance in a Map Setting","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bivariate analysis; Symbol (formal); Context (archaeology); Set (abstract data type); Task (project management); Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0113901430979598,"gpt":0.3219092374159246,"spread":0.3105190943179648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001566183,0.0001681164,0.0001392973,0.0006451103,0.0005519272,0.0002806843,0.0003540734,0.0001032905,0.000306134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007784104,0.0001025078,0.0002006546,0.0005299743,0.0001443333,0.000562338,0.00001612379,0.0002091868,0.00001382283],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003984886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005940126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001669232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003249034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983483,0.0001702892,0.0007259782,0.0001210457,0.0003819378,0.0002524414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986019,0.0002787226,0.0003965809,0.0001771219,0.0004862467,0.00005943884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006848782,0.0005816041,0.3072724,0.00009560231,0.001661644,0.000005936638,0.07581595,0.08759419,0.0002953588,0.08293512,0.01040295,0.4264905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00501318,0.001245451,0.8861432,0.0002210264,0.000081342,0.0002202104,0.006476594,0.05707487,0.00004987116,0.00650217,0.03645326,0.0005188093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859077,0.0002599142,0.01002518,0.000849582,0.001030767,0.0007503566,0.00005032848,0.00003690148,0.001089236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977342,0.00138025,0.00003377188,0.0002756016,0.0001717104,0.00006829468,0.000154124,0.00001197074,0.0001700079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5788708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4245033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294128352","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001038","title":"A cross-linguistic study of spatial parameters of eye-movement control during reading.","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Saccade; Eye movement; Psychology; Saccadic masking; Linguistics; Computer science; Control (management); Cognitive psychology; Word (group theory); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02412999505390936,"gpt":0.3826551271706569,"spread":0.3585251321167475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007005552,0.0002407324,0.0005576598,0.0005080185,0.0004097206,0.00001718996,0.0004295455,0.00008791198,0.0123586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001494821,0.0002452169,0.0002111579,0.000207609,0.000259443,0.0001637382,0.00006835088,0.0004280397,0.00001603076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002343661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002663622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002727199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001486991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970043,0.0003294524,0.001461576,0.000349968,0.0005504123,0.000304325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979416,0.00002784806,0.001289004,0.000437538,0.000210907,0.00009307454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002975568,0.005627669,0.391226,0.00003200933,0.0002732341,0.00003382964,0.09527543,0.0008068199,0.5029647,0.0000505313,0.000193375,0.0005407626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009332285,0.007687283,0.9530343,0.00002126063,0.00007977244,0.0001336398,0.02769946,0.00006320934,0.001626489,0.00001475019,0.00008601352,0.0002215167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962734,0.0001508727,0.0001389183,0.0000151774,0.001700076,0.0004443513,0.00001851246,0.00001842917,0.001240287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987122,0.00001442393,0.00006699741,0.0001746118,0.0003230385,0.00006276336,0.00001656552,0.00003625373,0.0005931901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5618083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075143331","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.03.004","title":"Is there a future for “Culture” in acculturation research? An anthropologist's perspective","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Acculturation; Conceptualization; Novelty; Biculturalism; Sociology; Context (archaeology); Epistemology; Perspective (graphical); Process (computing); Psychology; Cognitive science; Social psychology; Computer science; Anthropology; Ethnic group; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08120495321554118,"gpt":0.4999582555140246,"spread":0.4187533022984835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005133816,0.0001512666,0.0001854085,0.0004010637,0.0001726619,0.0001575504,0.000478996,0.0002070617,0.001982674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003095058,0.0001075536,0.0001962673,0.0003098051,0.0001592451,0.0009445083,0.00001551468,0.0005216195,0.00005207789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005772733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000731635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003413192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000785341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982892,0.0002073831,0.0005748465,0.0002465354,0.0004607345,0.0002213298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961244,0.00008841926,0.0002948644,0.000146713,0.003257522,0.00008809778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001274042,0.001289503,0.003511927,0.000004079737,0.0003935344,0.0000889795,0.4299353,0.0002150417,0.007595167,0.4599738,0.08009103,0.01562759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003575749,0.002123597,0.2919743,0.000158835,0.00006634459,0.0007233137,0.6011475,0.0003347106,0.0004091092,0.04651249,0.05253176,0.0004422962],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9118753,0.002853934,0.006501853,0.04979989,0.004371599,0.0007482934,0.000135392,0.00006088629,0.02365283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926998,0.000221455,0.0008667394,0.000441426,0.002157564,0.00001441679,0.0001075525,0.00001095315,0.0034801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4134613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147353003","doi":"10.5539/elt.v4n3p206","title":"How Colours are Semantically Construed in the Arabic and English Culture: A Comparative study","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Meaning (existential); Psychology; Linguistics; Cognition; Categorization; Semantics (computer science); Cognitive psychology; Philosophy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03302996105692439,"gpt":0.3035586452321465,"spread":0.2705286841752221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001012721,0.0002486303,0.0003386119,0.000129808,0.0002278201,0.0001883516,0.0003115183,0.0001289946,0.0003329463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000518152,0.0001791589,0.0000568658,0.0002149682,0.0001526161,0.0002538103,0.00004873681,0.000757258,0.00001053778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003279451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001507501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006273242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002388973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976088,0.001118968,0.000257678,0.0004453071,0.0002237393,0.0003454871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990817,0.0001918214,0.0001370506,0.0004306216,0.00008129061,0.00007749016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004142248,0.0005344806,0.09754027,0.000008423205,0.00005142694,0.0001424331,0.8956172,3.737172e-7,0.00005581791,0.004887664,0.0006672958,0.000453157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001193498,0.0001674103,0.1536986,0.00001761134,0.00005272325,0.00001860347,0.8440367,0.000008159315,0.0000100593,0.00004897776,0.0005403605,0.0002072964],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9601675,0.0004729243,0.0001640597,0.00003708593,0.0005218289,0.0007489112,0.00001508926,0.0001790029,0.03769365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998056,0.000003779964,0.0001764005,0.0002007262,0.0005096468,0.00008041567,0.00003414537,0.00002322182,0.0009156524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0561583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7305889,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2488492612","doi":"10.1075/clscc.2.05lov","title":"Walking like a porcupine, talking like a raven","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cognitive linguistic studies in cultural contexts","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"First Nations University of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Porcupine; Psychology; Geology; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08346406424232819,"gpt":0.3879750401658669,"spread":0.3045109759235387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000389646,0.0008652153,0.001155138,0.0003168018,0.0003438998,0.00006270943,0.0002764976,0.0005404,0.003752955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001588763,0.0007556761,0.0003239061,0.0001234879,0.0006947686,0.00008526025,0.0002429429,0.0008546381,0.000961759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003169262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005346438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001506915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000653853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996854,0.0001285518,0.000915446,0.0009578493,0.000388174,0.0007559723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966442,0.0008027216,0.0005502685,0.0003555454,0.001495308,0.0001519353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000811045,0.0003412527,0.002870346,0.0008825676,0.005090931,0.00239538,0.6527305,8.382673e-7,0.00006248051,0.157188,0.01924471,0.158382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009024701,0.0006820614,0.02859138,0.01138624,0.003373282,0.0006776083,0.08768436,0.000009323735,0.00001012368,0.02349018,0.8292592,0.005811537],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002437048,0.1178334,0.0001206959,0.00002779971,0.01126464,0.001233865,0.0002085851,0.0002284835,0.8666455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6075243,0.002175642,0.00004352161,0.0006540251,0.004533746,0.0001325599,0.0005038824,0.0001208557,0.3843114],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8100145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147113642","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.05.001","title":"Language suppression effects on the categorical perception of colour as evidenced through ERPs","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; McMaster University; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Southwest University","keywords":"Stimulus (psychology); Psychology; Perception; Categorization; Categorical perception; Categorical variable; Visual field; Cognitive psychology; Audiology; Event-related potential; Visual perception; Cognition; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Neuroscience; Speech perception; Computer science; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04082481760759667,"gpt":0.3901534139400483,"spread":0.3493285963324516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004842506,0.0002496427,0.0003426945,0.00007365461,0.0001585271,0.00001516224,0.0004909573,0.000712888,0.02035595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005482583,0.000140472,0.000165534,0.0002742247,0.0004278414,0.00005872612,0.00005458185,0.0006507777,0.001696752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000202709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001860658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002509549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002484521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977084,0.0007012077,0.0003890564,0.0006188637,0.0001810579,0.0004014595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997963,0.0009455225,0.0001781523,0.0007498662,0.00007531742,0.00008813115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007656859,0.0006834422,0.0110282,0.00001249119,0.00004647036,0.00004969405,0.007239686,5.777891e-7,0.8584812,0.06967133,0.03847116,0.01355002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001449575,0.002436686,0.9585392,0.00001786301,0.000038763,0.0001960787,0.002611697,0.000005055644,0.002514621,0.009260958,0.0225396,0.0003898944],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665353,0.0001451507,0.0004548365,0.002388578,0.002587576,0.0005228525,0.000009946553,0.000123596,0.02723216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936048,0.00007541256,0.0001236011,0.003806932,0.0006892883,0.0001145448,0.00007443333,0.00002052225,0.001490431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.947511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108664146","doi":"10.1177/0022022111420144","title":"Language and Culture Effects on Gender Classification of Objects","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Royal University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Object (grammar); Psychology; Developmental psychology; Test (biology); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Grammatical gender; Gender bias; Linguistics; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06112214168262442,"gpt":0.4186096488124476,"spread":0.3574875071298231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002812073,0.0001760271,0.0003180811,0.0001524376,0.00007703531,0.00003357756,0.0001857886,0.0002748367,0.0009259444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009627717,0.0001201444,0.0001326042,0.0001721001,0.0003027761,0.0002858693,0.00001294751,0.0003096117,0.0000563986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002502123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000143331,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002479566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001214417,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986978,0.0001640299,0.0005135844,0.0002325259,0.0001764651,0.000215551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986538,0.00005229692,0.0005559062,0.0002233665,0.0004084872,0.0001061342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002331619,0.0009823276,0.104406,0.0001633823,0.0004678374,0.0002174195,0.4637755,0.000002027283,0.3664327,0.01118037,0.02518257,0.02485815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00197695,0.0008942749,0.9860124,0.00002429374,0.00005967646,0.000632047,0.00506206,0.000001263601,0.002324971,0.00110006,0.001760507,0.0001514893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9686047,0.0009497337,0.0001872851,0.00008225199,0.001282949,0.0001303698,0.000008491766,0.00001894477,0.02873531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974946,0.0001018739,0.0002331717,0.0004850247,0.0004956723,0.000004358416,0.00001492917,0.0000176427,0.001152689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8816063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111627455","doi":"10.3758/bf03196321","title":"Spatial location judgments: A cross-national comparison of estimation bias in subjective North American geography","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Categorical variable; Geography; Location; Estimation; Psychology; Representation (politics); Statistics; Political science; Mathematics; Law; Geodesy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05356295398322804,"gpt":0.3698376354181446,"spread":0.3162746814349166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004381191,0.000205909,0.0004935561,0.0002596453,0.00006491812,0.00002476487,0.0002003458,0.00005617552,0.00682235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001120412,0.0002160524,0.0001300041,0.0007572102,0.0001837576,0.00006388352,0.00001519664,0.0001646192,0.001138657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001191988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002008028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002487474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008338348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979086,0.000251485,0.0009299708,0.0004415315,0.0002386668,0.000229734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986269,0.000106535,0.0006490764,0.0003355108,0.0002207104,0.00006127806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006126257,0.00090478,0.8313667,0.0004013724,0.00006611679,6.295446e-7,0.002467508,0.0004148909,0.000004303191,0.0003024328,0.01772939,0.1462806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007584094,0.0001087702,0.9659258,0.0002990241,0.00004110865,0.000004756694,0.0001152643,0.0007933988,0.000002410739,0.00003092084,0.03169991,0.0002202556],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.939521,0.03477516,0.008394968,0.001662574,0.0009900245,0.001967208,0.00007822878,0.0001110526,0.01249985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932014,0.004809974,0.0004657687,0.0006905305,0.00012919,0.0001971355,0.0002520464,0.00002586732,0.0002280607],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1460603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030727687","doi":"10.1007/s11422-010-9299-x","title":"TEK talk: so what? Language and the decolonization of narrative gatekeepers of science education curriculum","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cultural Studies of Science Education","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Decolonization; Narrative; Curriculum; Pedagogy; Sociology; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Psychology; Political science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01290132924448775,"gpt":0.3684028306708714,"spread":0.3555015014263837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009327866,0.0001067295,0.000186812,0.0001956573,0.0007284381,0.00007438109,0.0003429981,0.00004005003,0.0001050731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009537094,0.00006755696,0.00003507759,0.001482612,0.01370941,0.00118144,0.00006318937,0.00008917201,0.000002655955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006658225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001032175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001435996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006052526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988179,0.00005009614,0.000319676,0.0002936617,0.0003466461,0.0001719823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973691,0.00006678525,0.0004004951,0.0002479911,0.001862532,0.00005315885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001767772,0.0002774891,0.006732919,0.00004344965,0.00001661427,2.844207e-8,0.7596935,0.000004746504,0.1737769,0.03667651,0.0004231321,0.02233698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002364897,0.00004805621,0.1209457,0.00004496482,0.00002633526,0.00000716933,0.8687313,0.00002042998,0.009399633,0.0003325118,0.0001239051,0.00008345057],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922391,0.002602495,0.000009984561,0.0006433629,0.003226911,0.0003884486,0.000002044968,0.00001026317,0.0008774558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985331,0.0003796099,0.0003160089,0.0000573471,0.000130331,0.00003525582,0.00001168015,0.000004167306,0.0005325438],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1643773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9889747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970802026","doi":"10.3758/s13428-019-01289-z","title":"The influence of place and time on lexical behavior: A distributional analysis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavior Research Methods","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Lexical choice; Word (group theory); Language model; Experiential learning; Lexical density; Lexical item; Linguistics; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1018397194881408,"gpt":0.5618026561742797,"spread":0.4599629366861389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004254527,0.000114751,0.0002319857,0.0002670499,0.000252285,0.00005538313,0.0002922913,0.0001381466,0.004032927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002740587,0.00008353811,0.0001178786,0.001002678,0.0004555446,0.00006327385,0.00009406931,0.0003930707,0.0002302695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007004396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006752484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004419686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003059378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964918,0.001885354,0.0002885096,0.0003774964,0.0005821515,0.0003746967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975235,0.001379929,0.00006733814,0.0006087483,0.0002947988,0.0001257176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006110123,0.001162906,0.7722135,0.00001901844,0.0002737743,0.00002704064,0.003834942,0.00007463442,0.1100046,0.04127614,0.001009797,0.06949266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002975242,0.0002130828,0.9958249,0.00000434309,0.000141757,0.000008531357,0.0005128338,0.00004148712,0.0004069204,0.00009905176,0.002355036,0.00009455657],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973103,0.0001216337,0.0005135622,0.00008527752,0.00006489998,0.0005091949,0.0001200477,0.00002255839,0.001252512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892387,0.00002417936,0.0009064128,0.00001163882,0.00004153224,0.0002165114,0.00008272207,0.0000137943,0.009464545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2236114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402551084","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0408","title":"Beyond the episodic–semantic continuum: the multidimensional model of mental representations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Baycrest Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Psychology; Mental representation; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Computer science; Epistemology; Cognition; Philosophy; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1137687354292047,"gpt":0.383985984446551,"spread":0.2702172490173462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001108713,0.0003332703,0.0007209957,0.00003883032,0.001095566,0.00003858162,0.001235407,0.0004047477,0.0009481951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005696249,0.0001218472,0.00200995,0.0009120656,0.004569923,0.00004303311,0.00009879957,0.0007762358,0.00003928271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004578801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001381706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002253353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001957137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971269,0.0005910129,0.0008242699,0.0006028469,0.0005320615,0.0003228677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998043,0.0009089709,0.0003539316,0.0005474146,0.00008060386,0.00006605616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000153201,0.005687446,0.0006638007,0.005153282,0.0070189,0.000005489,0.03993958,0.008028308,0.0003738872,0.6011673,0.02796649,0.3038424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002861845,0.002178126,0.00284642,0.006626044,0.02238807,0.0003330074,0.01764134,0.07578848,0.0000925177,0.6499338,0.2147825,0.004527783],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001531558,0.9745167,0.00443403,0.01152399,0.001924708,0.001853692,0.0008720641,0.00008715095,0.00325605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2387271,0.7576777,0.0003372223,0.0003977002,0.0004906923,0.0002847858,0.00006651825,0.00003092135,0.001987406],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2993146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987359006","doi":"10.1080/23273798.2014.940983","title":"Perceptual functionality of morphological redundancy in Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Cognition and Neuroscience","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, San Diego","keywords":"Redundancy (engineering); Perception; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Psychology; Neuroscience; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03319772643994554,"gpt":0.3160411028193012,"spread":0.2828433763793556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003479922,0.0001080138,0.0001507054,0.000124359,0.00008947695,0.00002353122,0.0001138051,0.00007822687,0.002654281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002229601,0.0000978735,0.00003782051,0.000310003,0.0003470822,0.0001246281,0.00003377726,0.0001295337,0.00004021894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009161768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001227541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001345571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007109372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987862,0.0002005942,0.0002376514,0.0003938781,0.0001836378,0.0001981134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995387,0.00008172669,0.00007516328,0.0001875459,0.00004448683,0.00007235393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002099773,0.0007535886,0.04636888,0.00005062906,0.000004455596,0.0001080827,0.02038036,0.00001285344,0.90252,0.01232211,0.0007257073,0.01654333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009898287,0.0002046143,0.9929825,0.00001457401,0.00001123425,0.0001542566,0.002526902,0.000150223,0.001331161,0.0005009669,0.0009637057,0.00017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843512,0.0001082173,0.001540174,0.00008148816,0.0003920755,0.0001340519,0.00002420057,0.0000491201,0.01331946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997477,0.0000254111,0.000038165,0.001139504,0.0000959568,0.00001675621,0.00004497467,0.000007656403,0.001154596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9466137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996600307","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2019.1685480","title":"Motion verbs and memory for motion events","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","keywords":"Motion (physics); Psychology; Encoding (memory); Cognitive psychology; Affect (linguistics); Linguistics; Communication; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01972934352265957,"gpt":0.3225727127586755,"spread":0.3028433692360159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001842683,0.000167005,0.0001901337,0.000155709,0.00008891747,0.00001297052,0.00008438047,0.0001649087,0.002915395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008143217,0.0001756905,0.00006592517,0.0001416407,0.00008352334,0.0001109131,0.00002060647,0.00013862,0.001103164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001489821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007502245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001744526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007759268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985762,0.0002324881,0.0002173241,0.000607404,0.00008478882,0.0002817788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992631,0.0001772636,0.0001020644,0.0002234554,0.0001626597,0.00007145401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002893086,0.001654044,0.3675595,0.0001860366,0.0003042634,0.00004916731,0.02238273,0.000007516132,0.03799487,0.01408087,0.007925199,0.5449627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003643515,0.0005034392,0.9908568,0.00001164085,0.00005757621,0.0001040005,0.001428473,0.0000358977,0.0001015308,0.0009395326,0.002109842,0.0002077111],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649903,0.0001194312,0.01412439,0.0001762065,0.002495404,0.0008991386,0.00004418161,0.00009121888,0.01705969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911212,0.00002986308,0.00003112636,0.001707636,0.0003104467,0.000100415,0.0002313886,0.00004335396,0.006424561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6232973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}