{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1287,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":7,"predictions_cover":1287,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"e5a7119d20ad","filters":{"topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills"}},"results":[{"id":"W1967291734","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200308000-00003","title":"The Importance of Cognitive Errors in Diagnosis and Strategies to Minimize Them","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1598,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dartmouth General Hospital; Dalhousie University","funders":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","keywords":"Debiasing; Cognitive bias; Heuristics; Cognition; Context (archaeology); Cognitive psychology; Process (computing); Pessimism; Confirmation bias; Metacognition; Perception; Computer science; Overconfidence effect; Psychology; Social psychology; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1352751616482657,"gpt":0.4492700642212217,"spread":0.3139949025729559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001674552,0.0004002205,0.002512255,0.0001466225,0.00004313778,0.00000479018,0.0002126677,0.0005799992,0.0001339837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1077186,0.0002099612,0.0001444277,0.0006106024,0.000604533,0.00002815112,0.00007424867,0.00136855,0.00002120732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005481437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004615959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004851322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001264653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996927,0.000214581,0.001529153,0.0005017812,0.0004395667,0.0003878838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9426552,0.05603864,0.0005402857,0.000331303,0.00009985912,0.0003347294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001050542,0.00005062806,0.02604684,0.003712268,0.0002790321,0.0001247098,0.001638271,9.743172e-8,1.543951e-7,0.001687571,0.01242627,0.9539291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002275466,0.0005252099,0.002847909,0.4197487,0.002811632,0.0002144334,0.004915125,0.000001033305,0.000001551054,0.001205252,0.5650997,0.0003540599],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002325566,0.9913857,0.00001248348,0.001650771,0.0002426566,0.001320703,0.00002061746,0.00001682676,0.003024659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001131939,0.99628,0.00004854371,0.001206237,0.0002497072,0.0003892081,0.00004171963,0.00004161055,0.0006109959],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.953575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8997974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120230938","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02127.x","title":"Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":991,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Process (computing); Cognitive science; Mental representation; Scripting language; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Computer science; Semantic memory; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2126678329713953,"gpt":0.5752715931910062,"spread":0.3626037602196109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006404717,0.0002778994,0.00168055,0.0007527171,0.00003767536,0.00001529488,0.0002123006,0.0008913872,0.001285656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1063166,0.000212731,0.0003317642,0.0006115563,0.0005560808,0.00003187035,0.0001191006,0.0034389,0.0001981696],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009859323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01100325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008731748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002526614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951147,0.0009559004,0.001539282,0.0007713679,0.001170249,0.0004485141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9819322,0.0157714,0.0003034376,0.0006653392,0.0001906155,0.001136955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001054367,0.001454729,0.000742544,0.001193085,0.00001502766,0.00001587922,0.00003846548,2.2756e-9,2.005956e-10,0.0001528862,0.1998344,0.7965425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004961495,0.0001464776,0.003679164,0.1158593,0.0002447536,0.0001031645,0.00001813269,0.00001217411,8.858463e-10,0.00001573167,0.8792735,0.0001514234],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008156065,0.9874129,0.000001952512,0.003272233,0.002672849,0.0003544559,0.000002126168,0.00003441767,0.006167473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004393653,0.990522,0.0001595481,0.0005946321,0.005140698,0.0002144666,0.0003493488,0.00004358717,0.002931779],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.796391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055476838","doi":"10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ace703","title":"A Universal Model of Diagnostic Reasoning","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":970,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Management science; Variety (cybernetics); Process (computing); Computer science; Heuristic; Schematic; Psychology; Risk analysis (engineering); Artificial intelligence; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04037542057166423,"gpt":0.3548439149639024,"spread":0.3144684943922382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005661828,0.0001625005,0.0005780392,0.0001301661,0.00003142701,9.952696e-7,0.0001446459,0.000248713,0.0001489515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1347678,0.0001218136,0.00007389183,0.0002765293,0.0002285639,0.00004609622,0.00002503614,0.000642069,0.00002154028],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004577262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001567223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003963552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.609208e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983995,0.00003152616,0.0005510029,0.0002759949,0.0004494916,0.0002925158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9893796,0.009639597,0.0001786156,0.0003133386,0.0001207952,0.0003680534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002679046,0.0007200533,0.1761888,0.0003324684,0.0004877694,0.0008950624,0.01870384,0.003549238,0.06147027,0.2094968,0.2986266,0.2268501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0695269,0.02193271,0.328602,0.1290895,0.007378773,0.00156232,0.007520066,0.2778763,0.01575306,0.1283575,0.00970098,0.002699788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9510412,0.002556511,0.006237158,0.01746369,0.0001958486,0.0003520088,0.000005425867,0.0001381877,0.02200999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910243,0.002120273,0.0008245173,0.00389902,0.0004121528,0.000002925475,0.00002454199,0.00001376693,0.00167849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2889256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8725204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2548421507","doi":"10.1186/s12911-016-0377-1","title":"Cognitive biases associated with medical decisions: a systematic review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":961,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","funders":"University of Toronto; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Cognitive bias; Overconfidence effect; Cognition; MEDLINE; Clinical psychology; Cochrane Library; Medicine; Meta-analysis; Personality; Publication bias; Psychology; Systematic review; Psychiatry; Social psychology; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1397034793305594,"gpt":0.4619458854417688,"spread":0.3222424061112095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006305424,0.0007178206,0.006364531,0.0003659342,0.0001588428,0.000108612,0.0004582285,0.001170509,0.001332149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.9364293,0.0003274071,0.0007532114,0.0007132117,0.0003869229,0.0001125758,0.0004463065,0.001055273,0.0003691129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001158153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003309393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001203936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000925084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9893911,0.0003975258,0.004444505,0.0004408495,0.00475762,0.0005684284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.2448071,0.7495853,0.002233699,0.0008514452,0.0006055193,0.001916962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003682942,0.0001254119,0.000004972946,0.1727939,0.0002957497,0.0002789497,0.00001516972,1.778285e-8,3.460525e-11,0.00004862229,0.002111607,0.8242888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001790551,0.0002918909,0.000003350547,0.9855096,0.005576146,0.002105553,0.00005700712,0.001232688,3.649639e-9,0.0001201806,0.002887021,0.0004260159],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002037862,0.9402668,0.05613848,0.00002714869,0.0001844747,0.002440081,0.00007507439,0.0001010837,0.0007464596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001401312,0.9898516,0.005527713,0.003774427,0.0001447268,0.0002846023,0.0002770927,0.00006525196,0.00006059804],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9301238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029342902","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01972.x","title":"What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":908,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Strengths and weaknesses; Psychology; Unconscious mind; sort; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04688526559608029,"gpt":0.4734279633954069,"spread":0.4265426977993266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002770538,0.0005246281,0.002585749,0.0003831164,0.00008160802,0.0001245592,0.0004017481,0.001623558,0.002430199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2918344,0.0003943336,0.001012386,0.0009222415,0.000208977,0.0001220916,0.0001470043,0.002096336,0.00248484],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005372302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01973514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009440572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006763954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950762,0.0003979886,0.001944646,0.0008071417,0.001222123,0.000551846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869873,0.008807425,0.0005192707,0.001150746,0.0002853291,0.002249957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001593662,0.001389081,0.000199027,0.00225396,0.00009614429,0.000023889,0.0001190297,7.356088e-8,2.211317e-9,0.000129352,0.1175748,0.8781987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003676735,0.0001907242,0.0002846725,0.3380887,0.0009913057,0.0001588006,0.0001005421,0.000002271205,2.919659e-8,0.00002890168,0.6595371,0.0002493596],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001289747,0.979965,0.00008085856,0.00657978,0.009695646,0.001134239,0.00000297771,0.0001435511,0.002268965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001646634,0.9697418,0.0009459187,0.008686396,0.005758316,0.0003234781,0.0005675124,0.0001074739,0.0138527],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8779494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106671991","doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.114.014508","title":"Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Circulation","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":771,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Medical Research Council; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Cleveland Clinic; University College London; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Universiteit Maastricht; ZonMw; University of Oxford; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Cancer Research UK; University of Ottawa; Vanderbilt University; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center","keywords":"Tripod (photography); Medicine; Checklist; Statement (logic); Predictive modelling; Computer science; Machine learning; Psychology; Cognitive psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2694120548083633,"gpt":0.4006866529658428,"spread":0.1312745981574795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001110834,0.0000944209,0.0003324465,0.00007160796,0.00003730286,0.00001059088,0.00003639208,0.0001308388,0.00001280621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07405359,0.00007639811,0.0001181264,0.0001721259,0.00002908653,0.00007765261,0.000009484806,0.0000749027,0.000001337751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006707956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002793196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000432763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004990063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980749,0.00002163366,0.001181132,0.0002379457,0.0003298448,0.0001544938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969459,0.001591225,0.0007586181,0.0001656476,0.0003715639,0.0001671154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003306888,0.0005663758,0.946954,0.0001028938,0.00007809041,0.000002929684,0.001072407,0.03032201,0.0001706396,0.00007973357,0.001068731,0.01925149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003131609,0.0002793506,0.4152936,0.001049664,0.0004935308,0.00001239286,0.0001087574,0.577531,0.001245975,0.0006970108,0.00006819883,0.0000888901],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8915281,0.0001016876,0.1064023,0.0003681785,0.0001775209,0.001076456,0.00007783038,0.00008406759,0.0001838675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875511,0.0000132955,0.01145928,0.00006229598,0.0001364733,0.0003947085,0.0003228118,0.00001758658,0.0000424726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.547209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.933746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964143014","doi":"10.1111/j.1553-2712.2002.tb01574.x","title":"Achieving Quality in Clinical Decision Making: Cognitive Strategies and Detection of Bias","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Emergency Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":692,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Heuristics; Cornerstone; Cognition; Clinical decision making; Medicine; Quality (philosophy); Cognitive bias; Emergency department; Resource (disambiguation); Cognitive load; Principal (computer security); Quality management; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Operations management; Intensive care medicine; Computer science; Psychiatry; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.208297777171271,"gpt":0.4949761063994055,"spread":0.2866783292281344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00319583,0.0001719593,0.0007136785,0.0001803801,0.0000362799,6.418377e-7,0.00008064549,0.0003677868,0.0006587207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1728415,0.0001295445,0.00009793556,0.0004523917,0.0003192926,0.0001099658,0.00005304655,0.0009682563,0.00001361731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002121831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000322462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001360504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004218319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996455,0.0002502773,0.00222089,0.0003969791,0.000433589,0.0002433046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.982451,0.01649814,0.0004990614,0.0002022494,0.0001566204,0.0001929121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000320499,0.0001490546,0.8658558,0.00007220134,0.0000344017,0.00001043199,0.0006536361,0.000001206547,0.0009356578,0.0001805609,0.000384076,0.1314025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002648597,0.0008803215,0.9856623,0.006722609,0.0001597711,0.00002057057,0.001946444,0.0003853572,0.00006957038,0.001258618,0.0001195453,0.0001262455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846534,0.01023482,0.0009954291,0.0006560715,0.0006798822,0.0002713352,0.000002502424,0.00003646215,0.002470134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741358,0.02499467,0.0000987848,0.0002106395,0.0004458232,0.000009099866,0.0000046393,0.00001493983,0.00008563822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1696457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8341259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897228760","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1806905115","title":"Deep neural network improves fracture detection by clinicians","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":617,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Radiography; Orthopedic surgery; Medicine; Emergency department; Diagnostic accuracy; Wrist; MEDLINE; Emergency medicine; Radiology; Surgery; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0307677605064417,"gpt":0.3539758753027643,"spread":0.3232081147963226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001061858,0.00007644066,0.0001712721,0.00004542731,0.0001794727,0.00001369335,0.0002763179,0.0001277057,0.00002144455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01605607,0.00004583816,0.0000954932,0.0005229022,0.001030793,0.0001332874,0.00005665917,0.0002239789,0.000002975978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001731298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001936392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001080237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.133006e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985377,0.000004811757,0.0003340042,0.0002095191,0.0007534005,0.0001605205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978225,0.001392803,0.000375197,0.000008159074,0.000341525,0.00005976509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007456601,0.000789364,0.2499368,0.0001666419,0.0001866895,5.075123e-8,0.000813443,0.0004816683,0.5463073,0.006851682,0.07785095,0.1158698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001013982,0.001297983,0.6313242,0.0007279235,0.0001326063,0.00003524108,0.0002338733,0.03468086,0.2822116,0.04550383,0.002632718,0.0002051805],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855651,0.0002352185,0.00001548382,0.009484828,0.00008931562,0.0001768926,0.000003074871,0.00002062197,0.004409431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950281,0.00002250026,0.0006975016,0.003438583,0.0006841358,0.000004202042,1.64417e-7,0.000003957104,0.0001208487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3813874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9922321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162360374","doi":"10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001712","title":"Cognitive debiasing 1: origins of bias and theory of debiasing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMJ Quality & Safety","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":590,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Debiasing; Heuristics; Variety (cybernetics); Cognition; Cognitive bias; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Process (computing); Dual process theory (moral psychology); Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1351860023115358,"gpt":0.4334345885807633,"spread":0.2982485862692275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002878699,0.0001350037,0.0006156312,0.00005386504,0.00004773973,0.000008601054,0.00005088281,0.0001167269,0.0002261123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1149491,0.0001057591,0.0001431756,0.000152412,0.0003715807,0.00006497437,0.0000569283,0.0001630723,0.00001990008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004395431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002077466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001410717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001653466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977313,0.0004366614,0.001091242,0.0002369353,0.0003001778,0.0002036933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9468778,0.05170074,0.0004420624,0.0003049434,0.000449133,0.0002253319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001948787,0.0008623293,0.5390735,0.0005158346,0.0003445127,0.00001696089,0.003215394,0.000002935445,0.002967186,0.03109886,0.0003586601,0.419595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002916775,0.0002846031,0.9769007,0.005004157,0.0002534624,0.00002849482,0.003622281,0.00007271852,0.004906185,0.005705544,0.000124685,0.0001804182],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920935,0.0003255382,0.002404162,0.0008248419,0.00008589521,0.0005356346,0.00003727479,0.00002973442,0.003663408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976167,0.0001436008,0.001465647,0.0005227928,0.00008224274,0.000009253997,0.00002717842,0.00001484451,0.0001177063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4378272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8925061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250431025","doi":"10.1197/aemj.9.11.1184","title":"Achieving Quality in Clinical Decision Making: Cognitive Strategies and Detection of Bias","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Emergency Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":588,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Heuristics; Cornerstone; Cognition; Medicine; Clinical decision making; Quality (philosophy); Emergency department; Cognitive bias; Resource (disambiguation); Cognitive load; Principal (computer security); Quality management; Cognitive psychology; Operations management; Computer science; Intensive care medicine; Psychology; Nursing; Psychiatry; Computer security; Management system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.208297777171271,"gpt":0.4949761063994055,"spread":0.2866783292281344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00319583,0.0001719593,0.0007136785,0.0001803801,0.0000362799,6.418377e-7,0.00008064549,0.0003677868,0.0006587207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1728415,0.0001295445,0.00009793556,0.0004523917,0.0003192926,0.0001099658,0.00005304655,0.0009682563,0.00001361731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002121831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000322462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001360504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004218319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996455,0.0002502773,0.00222089,0.0003969791,0.000433589,0.0002433046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.982451,0.01649814,0.0004990614,0.0002022494,0.0001566204,0.0001929121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000320499,0.0001490546,0.8658558,0.00007220134,0.0000344017,0.00001043199,0.0006536361,0.000001206547,0.0009356578,0.0001805609,0.000384076,0.1314025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002648597,0.0008803215,0.9856623,0.006722609,0.0001597711,0.00002057057,0.001946444,0.0003853572,0.00006957038,0.001258618,0.0001195453,0.0001262455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846534,0.01023482,0.0009954291,0.0006560715,0.0006798822,0.0002713352,0.000002502424,0.00003646215,0.002470134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741358,0.02499467,0.0000987848,0.0002106395,0.0004458232,0.000009099866,0.0000046393,0.00001493983,0.00008563822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1696457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8341259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2545846385","doi":"10.1097/acm.0000000000001421","title":"The Causes of Errors in Clinical Reasoning: Cognitive Biases, Knowledge Deficits, and Dual Process Thinking","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":555,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Dual process theory (moral psychology); Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Cognitive bias; Process (computing); Psychology; Dual (grammatical number); Representation (politics); Working memory; Component (thermodynamics); Computer science; Debiasing; Cognitive science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09262940850429977,"gpt":0.4358231361784074,"spread":0.3431937276741076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004762788,0.0005192567,0.001822895,0.0002758791,0.0001225785,0.000007423544,0.000335025,0.002233652,0.00006717918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3962277,0.0002706801,0.0001544689,0.0004046532,0.002239034,0.00005189196,0.0001789569,0.006375085,0.00002513277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006585362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007292358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001145416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002088029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946419,0.0005198371,0.00229556,0.0008737892,0.0009183145,0.0007506087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8579361,0.1400387,0.0009388205,0.0004022436,0.0004057242,0.0002784599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005827862,0.00005492118,0.09286664,0.0004774532,0.0003504658,0.0008885199,0.003385901,1.104625e-7,0.000009345051,0.0002522213,0.8730379,0.02809376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02432008,0.004239157,0.06577067,0.5786916,0.004683249,0.001307143,0.006216683,0.0000943648,0.0001990156,0.007366042,0.3056122,0.001499779],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3249464,0.03924838,0.00002023634,0.6291372,0.001502006,0.001270327,0.00005921346,0.00009887585,0.003717355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5119246,0.05868497,0.00003956415,0.3984259,0.0231954,0.0001650429,0.0004397685,0.0002185193,0.006906225],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5782142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147782722","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03507.x","title":"Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":491,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Dual process theory (moral psychology); Cognition; Commit; Context (archaeology); Analytic reasoning; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Debiasing; Process (computing); Dual (grammatical number); Confirmation bias; Psychology of reasoning; Thinking processes; Computer science; Cognitive science; Verbal reasoning; Artificial intelligence; Reasoning system; Social psychology; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05800360363798306,"gpt":0.4894126476918026,"spread":0.4314090440538196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001565554,0.0003588118,0.002090597,0.0001411539,0.00006638141,0.00003439337,0.0001664628,0.001077048,0.0005799967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5559118,0.0002604308,0.0005081634,0.0002844429,0.0002534997,0.00003133365,0.00006632943,0.00136037,0.0002851905],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001044509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006737834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004086963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005456508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966777,0.0003089802,0.00133979,0.0006752611,0.0006701426,0.0003281092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9543124,0.04282225,0.00051625,0.0007199002,0.000159345,0.00146986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005401051,0.0008814133,0.000730979,0.001422938,0.00006513832,0.0000494558,0.00001153378,2.30879e-9,2.648552e-10,0.0001444576,0.04509965,0.951589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003899064,0.0002739282,0.003302506,0.1594386,0.002084895,0.0005177685,0.00001011894,0.00001291008,4.781481e-9,0.000071531,0.8336917,0.0002061496],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001246544,0.9924343,0.00002549222,0.002700503,0.001547863,0.000748796,0.000003707466,0.00009202455,0.002322659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002764401,0.9903013,0.0008233161,0.004518218,0.002562953,0.00009304095,0.0004238506,0.00004630947,0.001203353],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9513829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143428226","doi":"10.1007/s10459-009-9182-2","title":"Clinical cognition and diagnostic error: applications of a dual process model of reasoning","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":477,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Schema (genetic algorithms); Variety (cybernetics); Dual process theory (moral psychology); Process (computing); Medical diagnosis; Computer science; Dual (grammatical number); Cognitive science; Management science; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Machine learning; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04411648419866486,"gpt":0.4876456073800888,"spread":0.4435291231814239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001225942,0.00006739081,0.0002792802,0.0001256316,0.00006441371,0.000004344695,0.00005982417,0.00004776891,0.000003661161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01848775,0.00005896878,0.00002774542,0.0005039311,0.0003696734,0.0001729617,0.000007894544,0.0001138158,6.780609e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002160868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000407514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002020741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985582,0.00004862487,0.000736358,0.0002688154,0.0002318103,0.0001562207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946256,0.004509609,0.0004229542,0.0001253673,0.0001730737,0.0001433394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005696634,0.001520504,0.3828866,0.0003753011,0.000002353986,1.898323e-7,0.0007158722,0.002199863,0.00001971632,0.007458084,0.00004102298,0.6047235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002291109,0.004383817,0.7766656,0.01680811,0.00009649816,0.00003722595,0.003866629,0.0537159,0.0003667078,0.1411649,0.0002790936,0.0003243088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811469,0.009716259,0.003668741,0.002559029,0.0001486594,0.0008509831,0.000007211181,0.00001811439,0.001884105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9779503,0.006391702,0.01483496,0.0006663835,0.00006440766,0.00006320035,0.00001356184,0.000002731638,0.00001273948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6043992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9897799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078213917","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200002000-00020","title":"Scripts and Medical Diagnostic Knowledge","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":446,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Scripting language; Categorization; Computer science; Task (project management); Cognition; Competence (human resources); Medical knowledge; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Psychology; Medical education; Medicine; Social psychology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0343281786136696,"gpt":0.3798155505099628,"spread":0.3454873718962932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001081156,0.0002171778,0.0006021936,0.00009522468,0.00007268004,0.000003524238,0.0001552154,0.0004726587,0.0128493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1623851,0.0001497841,0.00004772977,0.0002689579,0.0006811444,0.00004397963,0.00004975348,0.001097569,0.0007086055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003142733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001741633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008810981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004329332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978277,0.00007784436,0.0006110671,0.000435229,0.0006411911,0.0004069438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9768801,0.02145875,0.00005631499,0.0003061587,0.00006636991,0.001232357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001805009,0.0001032303,0.08266298,0.00009351908,0.00008062433,0.0005101938,0.002010657,3.18146e-7,0.00008968516,0.001977921,0.3101405,0.6021499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01973041,0.00253063,0.3947701,0.03587856,0.001102493,0.004220891,0.0006330945,0.001232008,0.0001815714,0.006172127,0.5327793,0.0007688205],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8844816,0.02556012,0.00005549963,0.03430721,0.0005658939,0.0003505228,0.000002651462,0.0001841099,0.05449235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9465497,0.02604068,0.00004649054,0.01146978,0.002015027,0.00002641031,0.00003267841,0.00002955519,0.01378964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6013811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9880531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027576789","doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2014.11.025","title":"Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD Statement","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Urology","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":444,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Medical Research Council; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Cleveland Clinic; University College London; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Universiteit Maastricht; ZonMw; University of Oxford; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Cancer Research UK; University of Ottawa; Vanderbilt University; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center","keywords":"Tripod (photography); Medicine; Checklist; Statement (logic); Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.239752564895561,"gpt":0.3894357175166103,"spread":0.1496831526210493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004277196,0.0001574865,0.0004548958,0.00006593817,0.00006918381,0.00001257337,0.0001516535,0.00007238132,0.00003044008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07950228,0.00009480972,0.0001477173,0.0001491529,0.0001196731,0.00003552686,0.00006266913,0.0002059237,0.000007935475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003368757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000248459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003063783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008196785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968627,0.0002725835,0.001877212,0.0003592641,0.0003083103,0.0003199466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938812,0.004226835,0.00109518,0.000327161,0.0002554802,0.0002141055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01173845,0.007667954,0.589699,0.0003200687,0.0016659,0.0004838779,0.0171027,0.0501877,0.0002570671,0.0005838615,0.1758923,0.1444011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04840319,0.02901517,0.3503582,0.001716478,0.007014636,0.000481861,0.001654899,0.46933,0.002787841,0.001402615,0.0868905,0.0009446067],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9297544,0.0007004791,0.05039727,0.01127972,0.0008219432,0.003277585,0.0004221095,0.0002322909,0.003114172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930025,0.00008727208,0.004869513,0.0009989733,0.0002189733,0.0002709874,0.0001358691,0.00004045349,0.0003754814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4191422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9282514,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122612736","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02924.x","title":"Scripts and clinical reasoning","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":439,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Espace pour la vie","funders":"","keywords":"Scripting language; Meaning (existential); Cognition; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Psychotherapist; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09509583332470403,"gpt":0.5232068158400778,"spread":0.4281109825153737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002656502,0.0002833671,0.001699088,0.0001656869,0.00005579018,0.00002662333,0.0001314339,0.001125103,0.0006170376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.277512,0.0002043837,0.0004234936,0.0002888762,0.000291287,0.00002516666,0.00007654256,0.001327277,0.0002474446],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009950149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006391745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000619542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006295986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969958,0.0001884935,0.001260723,0.0005672089,0.0006835472,0.0003042326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9858586,0.01190084,0.0003656304,0.0005179044,0.0001490387,0.001208022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007367378,0.0005598506,0.000634447,0.001766002,0.00006907492,0.00003252974,0.00001048572,2.772866e-10,4.525863e-10,0.0001980845,0.04535788,0.9513643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003273482,0.0001347416,0.0009549604,0.1226284,0.001227304,0.0004753004,0.00001297296,0.00000637364,9.196052e-9,0.00002732353,0.8740473,0.0001579397],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006674635,0.9905521,0.00006035619,0.0008608947,0.002547161,0.0004967402,0.000002276884,0.0000714545,0.005342289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000008563355,0.9892156,0.00120076,0.004422841,0.002687061,0.00003864929,0.000305569,0.00004614636,0.002074784],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9512063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080490561","doi":"10.1067/mem.2003.22","title":"Cognitive forcing strategies in clinical decisionmaking","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Emergency Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":433,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Dartmouth General Hospital; Capital District Health Authority","funders":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","keywords":"Debiasing; Forcing (mathematics); Cognition; Medicine; Medical diagnosis; Metacognition; MEDLINE; Cognitive psychology; Intensive care medicine; Psychiatry; Psychology; Cognitive science; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3034265471945446,"gpt":0.5395058199087454,"spread":0.2360792727142007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002803116,0.0001689846,0.0007572736,0.0001837468,0.00003079668,0.000001602517,0.00007999603,0.0001485104,0.0026643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1949342,0.0001256024,0.0002250438,0.0005194473,0.0001727065,0.00007615824,0.00002118165,0.0003311975,0.00002638129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005710379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001805611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001235455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004580688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970444,0.0001665659,0.001691477,0.0003385118,0.0004222494,0.0003367997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9888864,0.009711956,0.0003298115,0.0002926953,0.0004953184,0.0002838298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007000607,0.001319482,0.9176784,0.0001182201,0.0002074347,0.0001683774,0.0009612222,0.00001984079,0.0002019901,0.01556263,0.02430253,0.03875984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006318754,0.003635938,0.9378305,0.0147729,0.0002604406,0.00002601741,0.006079854,0.0001320337,0.0008471437,0.0253083,0.004452984,0.0003351367],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9279414,0.003916382,0.0008751372,0.001588431,0.001317246,0.0002686638,0.000002693259,0.00002363778,0.06406645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926081,0.005757351,0.0002279096,0.0006405592,0.0002892144,0.00000920011,0.00001284709,0.00001789708,0.0004369114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.192131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022212199","doi":"10.1007/s10459-011-9290-7","title":"Factors influencing responsiveness to feedback: on the interplay between fear, confidence, and reasoning processes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":403,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Calgary; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Psychology; Perception; Competence (human resources); Cognition; Perspective (graphical); Psychological intervention; Social psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0591990345861372,"gpt":0.4380884293424296,"spread":0.3788893947562924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001435908,0.0001116362,0.0002206791,0.0001841751,0.0002447276,0.00003138539,0.0001593642,0.00003737774,0.00002403869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04330972,0.00006864742,0.00001550941,0.0008478262,0.0002675151,0.0002349254,0.00003350904,0.0001710422,0.000007995989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009626224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00158093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008150752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001869995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986376,0.0001074543,0.0003584083,0.0003552197,0.000261417,0.0002798648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9902453,0.009002764,0.0001851438,0.0001842479,0.0001387181,0.0002437936],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005944956,0.00006975093,0.9628626,0.00009445385,0.000001738273,3.868572e-7,0.007482242,0.00001590538,0.000003136136,0.002530588,0.00009516599,0.02678458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001211344,0.0008672982,0.9778577,0.007354692,0.000005643311,0.000003895753,0.009612251,0.000009503187,0.0004312045,0.0024376,0.001200937,0.00009814948],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918824,0.001817463,0.00008487282,0.00309291,0.0003516609,0.0004708662,0.000001807187,0.00002130273,0.002276644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950332,0.000717903,0.001334112,0.002714664,0.00007607057,0.00004981636,0.000002447242,0.000005795464,0.00006599465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04187381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9647489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968642299","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02914.x","title":"Non‐analytical models of clinical reasoning: the role of experience","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":402,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Introspection; Process (computing); Centrality; Similarity (geometry); Component (thermodynamics); Psychology; Interpretation (philosophy); Medical diagnosis; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1103726393677781,"gpt":0.5216282285392397,"spread":0.4112555891714617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00325519,0.0002570364,0.002380995,0.0001238187,0.00003167308,0.000006226861,0.0004420323,0.0008661073,0.0004873585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1656782,0.0001459393,0.0009279367,0.000499516,0.0008136934,0.00002908818,0.0001004975,0.001069211,0.00003116685],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004829453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007876849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001531962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002469734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952396,0.0001941342,0.002571391,0.0004395827,0.001281112,0.0002741728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9790822,0.0178315,0.001059445,0.00100495,0.0004038715,0.0006179877],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002669373,0.001267436,0.0006444173,0.001045549,0.0001013591,0.000003692118,0.0001779405,1.898651e-7,1.120516e-8,0.002112301,0.002854288,0.9917661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004004639,0.0002583658,0.0004536358,0.08371438,0.001824114,0.00009628,0.0003352013,0.001835044,0.000001941755,0.0004121908,0.91049,0.0001783246],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007926838,0.9854069,0.0002329903,0.0003898491,0.0008516373,0.0005981665,0.000004491605,0.00001705472,0.01170622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004204739,0.9930006,0.0005225631,0.0005998018,0.000993447,0.00007025084,0.00009228521,0.00003241695,0.0004839268],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9915878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147558794","doi":"10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001713","title":"Cognitive debiasing 2: impediments to and strategies for change","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMJ Quality & Safety","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":402,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Debiasing; Variety (cybernetics); Schema (genetic algorithms); Cognition; Psychological intervention; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Knowledge management; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1699150969548431,"gpt":0.4872909223125104,"spread":0.3173758253576673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008408898,0.0001226151,0.0003258751,0.00003083637,0.00008229371,0.00004385629,0.00003501212,0.00008399902,0.0001154872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02548221,0.00009982473,0.00007408491,0.00007479046,0.00006190137,0.0001115954,0.00004878444,0.0000858092,0.00008932877],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002789858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001084934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001047056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003747465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987271,0.00006702593,0.0004947914,0.0002711969,0.0001791849,0.0002607103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9889528,0.01028551,0.00008221075,0.0001481452,0.0002178142,0.0003135821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003182159,0.0008810615,0.14345,0.0005421533,0.0003633564,0.00002276353,0.01123001,0.000001201667,0.001161773,0.008177402,0.01696779,0.8140203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004065098,0.0006916695,0.9789882,0.002204476,0.0001505181,0.00001379959,0.00852554,0.00009296593,0.0002086315,0.00371999,0.001063268,0.0002758225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824295,0.0001561235,0.00344663,0.009130998,0.0001641336,0.002623672,0.00008034603,0.00006269528,0.001905883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909794,0.00004696124,0.001740269,0.006118172,0.0003723133,0.0004009207,0.00006806054,0.00001499665,0.0002589157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8355382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9827266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980216664","doi":"10.3402/meo.v16i0.5890","title":"An analysis of clinical reasoning through a recent and comprehensive approach: the dual-process theory","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education Online","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":378,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Dual (grammatical number); Process (computing); Psychology; Medical education; Engineering ethics; Management science; Computer science; Medicine; Engineering; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1142531848525754,"gpt":0.4720448796192707,"spread":0.3577916947666953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001618737,0.0001404504,0.0006797964,0.00008694057,0.00006481491,0.000007485385,0.0001563115,0.0002097085,0.00149012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07240849,0.00008407752,0.0001635936,0.0006752726,0.0006560719,0.00005083571,0.00004113872,0.0004537343,0.000003312293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001309564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001111197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001963609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000223285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976113,0.0003939019,0.0008689284,0.0003886352,0.000559198,0.0001780551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927821,0.00532991,0.0003109961,0.0005576752,0.0004988896,0.000520468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001168759,0.02904298,0.4297259,0.0001044106,0.001954638,0.00001703409,0.01257591,0.0000151219,0.00000536643,0.01488342,0.001270251,0.5092362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001317743,0.0004985949,0.9705809,0.0004889083,0.002747565,0.00004010741,0.01091255,0.009658021,0.00001674481,0.001844693,0.001747468,0.0001467135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913381,0.0008290286,0.001512878,0.003036432,0.0003250441,0.0002294625,0.00001434392,0.00003860904,0.002676135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805492,0.001736346,0.008519814,0.008165265,0.0004583559,0.00002351862,0.0004456096,0.0000158364,0.00008600839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.540855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154102994","doi":"10.1093/intqhc/mzm062","title":"Development of medical checklists for improved quality of patient care","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":378,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Checklist; MEDLINE; Quality (philosophy); Evidence-based medicine; Systematic review; Medical literature; Task (project management); Medical education; Inclusion (mineral); Medicine; Computer science; Psychology; Alternative medicine; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2243080967752715,"gpt":0.604112524744309,"spread":0.3798044279690375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006281102,0.000291574,0.002592256,0.0003498397,0.00006300015,0.00001434663,0.0004717113,0.0005440017,0.00003898576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06294465,0.0002318596,0.00110672,0.0001360655,0.00008262567,0.00002651781,0.00009669078,0.0007122487,9.225777e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001718501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00874108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003691035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000442427,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9912104,0.0002904209,0.006078069,0.0003459546,0.001700238,0.0003749104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9791573,0.01403577,0.003364846,0.0002511452,0.002684924,0.0005060523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004481952,0.0002961825,0.000135078,0.04085081,0.0002501058,0.000005029626,0.003639428,4.52268e-7,1.598657e-7,0.0005251737,0.0002202807,0.9536291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003316164,0.0006523251,0.0003521678,0.1166719,0.00009637009,0.00005112908,0.003319072,0.000003477571,0.00001337648,0.0000714728,0.8752217,0.0002309151],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002114257,0.9897677,0.001179987,0.0008981142,0.002906,0.002015742,0.001063253,0.00001100139,0.0000439692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001542192,0.9770527,0.01724452,0.000800927,0.0007926968,0.0001861433,0.002303041,0.00005140553,0.00002630157],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9533982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080818078","doi":"10.1207/s15328015tlm1204_5","title":"The Script Concordance Test: A Tool to Assess the Reflective Clinician","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":371,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Concordance; Test (biology); Scripting language; Face validity; Construct (python library); Reliability (semiconductor); Computer science; Construct validity; Elaboration; Psychology; Test script; Test validity; Medical education; Psychometrics; Medicine; Clinical psychology; Test case; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04536207141687833,"gpt":0.4039333959057618,"spread":0.3585713244888835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007037814,0.0001660152,0.0004021931,0.00005244408,0.0007710144,0.00003782811,0.0001553704,0.00008050974,0.0001030861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2105692,0.00008188607,0.00004647837,0.0002329931,0.0003086492,0.00002916297,0.00003478888,0.002597762,0.00004679701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004964247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000769013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006728537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007648646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997817,0.0006831376,0.000473176,0.0003376484,0.0003321463,0.0003568404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9532883,0.04605854,0.00008882081,0.000338084,0.00005126686,0.0001749677],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003193366,0.0001021916,0.1316442,0.00001058615,0.00002797463,0.00005768083,0.006398117,0.0001228879,0.0001081911,0.0003824146,0.009569797,0.8512566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002829923,0.002583015,0.6363804,0.004604984,0.0001143411,0.0001283525,0.004550696,0.002237587,0.000006754681,0.0004299326,0.3459264,0.0002076885],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9184524,0.001070776,0.000123437,0.04764205,0.0002180339,0.000360263,5.629575e-7,0.0001054906,0.03202691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714492,0.000427058,0.0006588607,0.01058575,0.0006892861,0.00003512766,0.000004314198,0.00002232861,0.01612805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8510489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010036053","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01577.x","title":"Diagnostic reasoning strategies and diagnostic success","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":364,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Foothills Medical Centre","funders":"","keywords":"MEDLINE; Psychology; Medical education; Medicine; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01249266620922862,"gpt":0.3514191654319889,"spread":0.3389264992227603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006352874,0.000149171,0.0002739088,0.00007010095,0.00009159501,0.00007724779,0.00006850659,0.000182086,0.001048624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5865093,0.0001233018,0.00005037509,0.0002063513,0.0002028882,0.0001248461,0.00002078113,0.0003137463,0.00007312693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004415024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002427323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000191529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002450307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984711,0.0001125439,0.0003279469,0.0003227516,0.0004930771,0.0002725213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9581941,0.04020384,0.0001180644,0.0003954194,0.0001972942,0.0008912403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003337419,0.001951848,0.7618477,0.0001674108,0.0000554152,0.0001365282,0.0006030925,0.000004157118,0.00001175273,0.05438541,0.02723262,0.1535706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002147455,0.0004295073,0.9583746,0.006690484,0.0002975486,0.0006998502,0.001882626,0.0001932115,0.0001416321,0.005545726,0.02322269,0.0003747368],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756231,0.00416666,0.0006313634,0.006104982,0.0009121107,0.0003059671,0.000001083264,0.00008622906,0.01216856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933999,0.001172732,0.0008824582,0.003703878,0.0003155968,0.0000928096,0.00004282979,0.0000196207,0.0003702425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.585874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113256441","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.04.001","title":"The assessment of professional competence: building blocks for theory development","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":342,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Counterintuitive; Competence (human resources); Medicine; Engineering ethics; Miller; Technology assessment; Psychology; Epistemology; Engineering; Social psychology; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2439987038451954,"gpt":0.6044930499658941,"spread":0.3604943461206987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.05895921,0.0005616958,0.00355169,0.0005856966,0.0009826157,0.0001194169,0.001474534,0.002411162,0.0004037434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.915594,0.0003406662,0.001200262,0.001567697,0.002029602,0.0001093349,0.001250027,0.01023209,0.00009865233],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006741668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02254614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007042298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008047938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.983485,0.006460278,0.004783542,0.001355391,0.002397307,0.00151843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.148847,0.8420657,0.002372881,0.001476898,0.004383108,0.0008544056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001400266,0.005381339,0.0005858403,0.001724777,0.0006466659,0.0001638775,0.00002190602,1.864288e-7,1.49125e-7,0.0116066,0.002334877,0.9773937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001890941,0.003198453,0.001319425,0.004737593,0.001738874,0.00008541242,0.0002304785,0.00002908411,6.420462e-7,0.0008443129,0.985608,0.0003167787],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001286904,0.9740785,0.0005056491,0.001773093,0.01068699,0.006050621,0.0000494306,0.00004487557,0.006682143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001714986,0.952221,0.04132777,0.0002664163,0.0006782468,0.00154336,0.0001397608,0.0001067805,0.003545185],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9832731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999045,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911290735","doi":"10.1097/acm.0000000000002618","title":"Clinical Reasoning Assessment Methods: A Scoping Review and Practical Guidance","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":338,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Concordance; Computer science; Competence (human resources); Construct (python library); Construct validity; Medical physics; Management science; Medical education; Data science; Psychology; Medicine; Psychometrics; Clinical psychology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.351906936642552,"gpt":0.666586725573005,"spread":0.3146797889304531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0171072,0.0008032337,0.009829086,0.0001882502,0.00007740402,0.00001157319,0.0002629537,0.001602046,0.0005720332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3706289,0.0005150483,0.000594035,0.0005742666,0.0006124651,0.0000881968,0.0003691345,0.006064207,0.0001773513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001648842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002733932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000137214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.177665e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903767,0.002186086,0.004424804,0.001519631,0.0008056851,0.0006870939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9073637,0.08831356,0.001918174,0.001184651,0.000210328,0.001009595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009485734,0.00002707544,0.0002362431,0.1681428,0.0003120804,0.000121484,0.00001793017,5.925831e-9,6.452031e-8,0.0004350301,0.03187638,0.7988214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007213966,0.0003458208,0.00003729386,0.5584401,0.01308041,0.001282032,0.00001183963,0.000008301459,2.101414e-8,0.00003662615,0.4257832,0.0002529404],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[6.489845e-7,0.9819067,0.002584873,0.006288237,0.001076878,0.004268547,0.000006488264,0.0001212963,0.003746341],"genre_scores_gemma":[2.544088e-7,0.953382,0.03071996,0.0114939,0.002119762,0.0002554267,0.0001452749,0.0001151712,0.001768303],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7985685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921154254","doi":"10.1097/acm.0000000000002046","title":"“Rising to the Level of Your Incompetence”: What Physicians’ Self-Assessment of Their Performance Reveals About the Imposter Syndrome in Medicine","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":307,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; The Wilson Centre; University of Ottawa; Medical Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Affect (linguistics); Credibility; Psychology; Feeling; Anxiety; Self-assessment; Clinical psychology; Medical education; Social psychology; Medicine; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1168157399527416,"gpt":0.4186364759335918,"spread":0.3018207359808502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004184252,0.0002870019,0.001199477,0.0001506496,0.0002011671,0.00001093259,0.001025721,0.0002081568,0.00007219052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01019348,0.0001295747,0.00009305964,0.0003240852,0.0008123545,0.0002066323,0.0002607188,0.00114113,0.000007996367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008717866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001750534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003497293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001650416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968148,0.0001551902,0.001328751,0.0003876753,0.0008776391,0.0004359621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9910614,0.00619689,0.0009287565,0.001398862,0.0002296084,0.0001845004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000310308,0.000192141,0.8439997,0.0005490761,0.0003406828,0.00006592112,0.03649272,0.00005219682,0.01057619,0.001182615,0.008229868,0.09800851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002609988,0.001106301,0.9523925,0.03580638,0.0002177417,0.0001216717,0.005481333,0.000550243,0.0005048732,0.0003777709,0.0006984993,0.0001327229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9136818,0.002358286,0.0001069029,0.08106868,0.0007135295,0.0007941235,0.000007767672,0.00001852367,0.001250402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854574,0.007379832,0.0001645395,0.005873918,0.000701394,0.00004174131,0.000009513888,0.00002684699,0.000344831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1083927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158021615","doi":"10.1023/b:ahse.0000038209.65714.d4","title":"How Can I Know What I Don't Know? Poor Self Assessment in a Well-Defined Domain","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Psychology; Test (biology); Status quo; Argument (complex analysis); Self-assessment; Norm (philosophy); Computer science; Social psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01533466547098121,"gpt":0.4038341377515762,"spread":0.388499472280595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001611582,0.0001518437,0.0003356029,0.000292698,0.0001489314,0.000112769,0.000171735,0.00006993886,0.00002163142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00301975,0.0001265324,0.00004143593,0.00122241,0.0002078219,0.0006848385,0.00002574735,0.0002899219,0.00000909387],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001012415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005725585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001993538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00421341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978737,0.0001122401,0.0005244075,0.0005290986,0.0004528179,0.0005077726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972245,0.00191257,0.0002463634,0.0002330917,0.0000810916,0.0003024498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006087289,0.003346018,0.4357468,0.0003899275,0.000005354895,0.00001302628,0.004421089,0.001588273,0.00002110964,0.02269186,0.0004761704,0.5312394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008560074,0.004591852,0.6424856,0.03786008,0.00003057211,0.000128851,0.05983207,0.0007918492,0.0001811367,0.0870561,0.1575698,0.000912015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7369416,0.03124947,0.0002538872,0.2254226,0.002904905,0.001116134,0.0000022449,0.00006828997,0.002040811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.915125,0.03938557,0.03986542,0.005008556,0.0002246118,0.0001695205,0.00002382706,0.000009886506,0.0001876495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5303274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138676254","doi":"10.1038/s41746-021-00423-6","title":"The potential of artificial intelligence to improve patient safety: a scoping review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Digital Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":288,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Patient safety; Harm; Leverage (statistics); Health care; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; MEDLINE; Adverse effect; Medicine; Risk analysis (engineering); Intensive care medicine; Machine learning; Data science; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06301976923425544,"gpt":0.4160997882411918,"spread":0.3530800190069364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007282348,0.000452082,0.003581843,0.0001042401,0.00008167254,0.00003848979,0.0002851778,0.0002110508,0.0001819723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1314858,0.0002436734,0.000723413,0.0007435523,0.0003261372,0.00003963563,0.0002592762,0.0005359378,0.000117889],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009845656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009740477,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001201271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002867409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953353,0.0001047592,0.002630238,0.000620648,0.0008858019,0.00042328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9859941,0.01139182,0.0007243085,0.0009620239,0.0004288034,0.000498953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002999353,0.0001121232,2.759915e-7,0.02811201,0.00012699,0.0001195014,0.00001590229,2.100707e-7,3.073374e-7,0.0002898894,0.001175015,0.9700178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006487929,0.0009648678,5.07191e-7,0.735522,0.001298219,0.0001255336,0.00005077211,0.000001869791,0.00000264709,0.00007859032,0.2617266,0.0001635429],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002694599,0.9908664,0.0007934122,0.002167444,0.001231628,0.00290023,0.00007163677,0.0000336575,0.001932936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004693133,0.9973849,0.0001026637,0.0009701857,0.0008278625,0.0001423488,0.0002807957,0.00005272653,0.0001915757],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9698542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9936712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978974820","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200110001-00029","title":"Difficulties in Recognizing Oneʼs Own Incompetence","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":279,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto General Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Quartile; Competence (human resources); Psychology; Set (abstract data type); Clinical psychology; Social psychology; Cognitive psychology; Applied psychology; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06041760094654559,"gpt":0.3718384539956498,"spread":0.3114208530491042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008687383,0.0001870127,0.0005768738,0.0001917085,0.0000400841,0.000002730653,0.0001555027,0.0002778421,0.0004552803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05468636,0.000129836,0.00004834275,0.0005105136,0.0002638204,0.00005379887,0.00005711429,0.001087307,0.0001579658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007945841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007813927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003599576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002234261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980456,0.00005783674,0.0006929867,0.0003718547,0.0004215195,0.0004101525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930115,0.006220778,0.0001245926,0.0002766034,0.00007130786,0.0002952141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003437049,0.00008709948,0.8919296,0.00005019106,0.00003675219,0.0006929004,0.004523956,0.000007992078,0.003511267,0.0004794904,0.02146726,0.07686983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00973029,0.0009273788,0.9396545,0.02015021,0.0002020858,0.0009528247,0.005395898,0.0005291702,0.0004248461,0.002647115,0.01895804,0.0004276966],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.971138,0.002525846,0.00009192857,0.01644753,0.0004213282,0.0002523336,7.853225e-7,0.0001096486,0.009012613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828412,0.006746722,0.0002527896,0.005361149,0.0009797773,0.00002181535,0.00002941458,0.00002068672,0.003746466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07644213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9532764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127204700","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02911.x","title":"Science is fundamental: the role of biomedical knowledge in clinical reasoning","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":268,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medical knowledge; Knowledge base; Psychology; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Computer science; Medical education; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02174002522114453,"gpt":0.4489767582466433,"spread":0.4272367330254987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007994602,0.00009168636,0.0002737069,0.0002373377,0.00006794278,0.00001042406,0.0002680544,0.0001867571,0.0005479628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.121348,0.00005915828,0.00009704097,0.001237433,0.001658445,0.00004217126,0.00008998892,0.0005045373,0.0000685801],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001150247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005731679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002037074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003117423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974988,0.00006793184,0.0008541812,0.0003082531,0.0009471347,0.0003237442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9909657,0.007473691,0.0001826139,0.0004604595,0.0002358985,0.000681676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007642326,0.003331157,0.353204,0.0000132186,0.000009119413,0.000005039509,0.001022316,2.006854e-8,0.0001245589,0.002734964,0.005506748,0.6339725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001242763,0.0004437423,0.92685,0.002376984,0.00004471741,0.00006038516,0.002798826,0.0007863536,0.0007247215,0.000633815,0.06393726,0.000100424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768386,0.001204353,0.00009467493,0.007118377,0.001064687,0.000202593,8.430066e-7,0.00002090782,0.013455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944814,0.000127714,0.0006154207,0.003917119,0.0005580952,0.000008102189,0.0000111459,0.000008933815,0.0002720836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.633872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093549930","doi":"10.1007/s10459-014-9516-6","title":"Predictable chaos: a review of the effects of emotions on attention, memory and decision making","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":268,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; McMaster University; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Recall; Cognition; Psychology; Interpersonal communication; Field (mathematics); Psychological intervention; Cognitive psychology; Applied psychology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02960308155730451,"gpt":0.4784855391185926,"spread":0.4488824575612881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002034878,0.0001358833,0.001041538,0.0001771621,0.00009951546,0.000004805537,0.000177074,0.00007062677,0.000007459838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03904577,0.00007930485,0.0001374332,0.0009005632,0.0002904568,0.00007060482,0.00003996112,0.0001945004,0.000001687979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009023981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001597758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002975117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008749784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978377,0.0002346169,0.001029078,0.0003300282,0.0004030826,0.0001654746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.984145,0.01405975,0.001230452,0.0003703121,0.0001115684,0.00008291162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001549014,0.0001159941,0.0006785421,0.1645756,0.00000198445,4.228967e-8,0.00001767263,0.000001485782,1.129463e-8,0.0002713602,0.0002317129,0.8341041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001068078,0.0003834073,0.003386806,0.9193622,0.0001000852,0.00001239896,0.00001779955,0.00001017504,1.436091e-7,0.0006838975,0.0758822,0.00005405241],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003249723,0.995684,0.00006836685,0.0003696886,0.001569685,0.001544437,0.000003177862,0.000005755311,0.0004299235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006832221,0.9969963,0.00131811,0.0007548506,0.00009791656,0.0001048441,0.000008161021,0.000007047549,0.00002951371],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8340501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9690487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120554597","doi":"10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.02.001","title":"Overconfidence in Clinical Decision Making","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"The American Journal of Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Emergency department; Presentation (obstetrics); Overconfidence effect; Variety (cybernetics); Process (computing); Family medicine; Psychiatry; Artificial intelligence; Surgery; Social psychology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05037540079234066,"gpt":0.4211962274682767,"spread":0.3708208266759361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003993379,0.0003041532,0.002380567,0.0003703833,0.00004427475,0.000007753849,0.0005743123,0.0002689215,0.0002066697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1143944,0.0001542185,0.0004678131,0.0005672877,0.002466909,0.00003538817,0.00007289862,0.005846618,0.00003653785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001192965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005687636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001036278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003247849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947983,0.0005410085,0.00251076,0.0002960064,0.001455033,0.0003988974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9290828,0.06693009,0.002722601,0.0006951654,0.0003621058,0.0002073087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009148921,0.00006541887,0.01089789,0.00001086558,0.00009355987,0.01007214,0.0001415721,0.0000038678,0.000001764497,0.00000206964,0.7766528,0.2011431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009459741,0.01499534,0.3395355,0.08877876,0.001299476,0.03057088,0.000524878,0.00007592431,0.000002024389,0.001763716,0.5125283,0.0004654272],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.1734363,0.002485982,0.0004475478,0.8212203,0.001468509,0.0001852937,0.000002165158,0.00001245003,0.0007414066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1682042,0.01026423,0.001337726,0.8024825,0.01742699,0.000001919945,0.000005049118,0.00004839392,0.0002289256],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3286377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964469,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062618525","doi":"10.1186/1472-6947-8-18","title":"Script Concordance Tests: Guidelines for Construction","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Concordance; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Test (biology); Task (project management); Process (computing); Health informatics; Quality (philosophy); Natural language processing; Information retrieval; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1298384051838863,"gpt":0.4334338565504915,"spread":0.3035954513666053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000745735,0.0001240507,0.0003636674,0.00007831363,0.0001589457,0.00002672403,0.00007801577,0.0001651965,0.0001005582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1391698,0.00008778623,0.00007380947,0.000139498,0.0002440623,0.00008728746,0.00006642341,0.0001514041,0.00001884177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001879489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003985158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003014756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003773572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979927,0.000009315787,0.00101227,0.0001259343,0.0006559169,0.0002038832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9839103,0.01483009,0.0001944629,0.0002069815,0.0005139771,0.0003442013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002752545,0.00005303823,0.01374115,0.0001153848,0.00001429182,0.00002017845,0.00009855603,0.00002740518,0.000003192967,0.001595647,0.05859178,0.9254641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01278586,0.001128219,0.01597109,0.01905524,0.0001601791,0.005600078,0.001512655,0.8637027,0.00007772635,0.01485239,0.06457726,0.00057659],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3127335,0.000347344,0.6849474,0.0001726758,0.0004417649,0.0002410126,0.000007447718,0.00005148164,0.001057364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08486252,0.0008140043,0.9064167,0.007445702,0.0003620718,0.00002021012,0.00001478716,0.00001111948,0.00005285245],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9248875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8680813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033266691","doi":"10.1007/s10459-009-9179-x","title":"Dual processing and diagnostic errors","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":244,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Unconscious mind; Cognitive psychology; Process (computing); Dual (grammatical number); Cognition; Dual process theory (moral psychology); Computer science; Psychology; Matching (statistics); Cognitive science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02517831789010869,"gpt":0.4432553017730131,"spread":0.4180769838829045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006517374,0.00006817695,0.0001542025,0.000108763,0.0001394687,0.00002090005,0.00004145995,0.00002814881,0.000008875238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.018463,0.00005536091,0.00001183519,0.0004566933,0.0001831554,0.0002590468,0.000006636019,0.0001032951,0.000003975234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005766048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009589821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008700757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003601178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989893,0.00003023761,0.0002929217,0.0002657133,0.000191022,0.0002307975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971052,0.002479222,0.0001152155,0.00007932114,0.00004058225,0.0001804484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000794115,0.000205043,0.174201,0.00005469341,1.866431e-7,0.000001130313,0.0003588863,0.00005552184,0.00000222282,0.001172768,0.0001425613,0.823798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004289683,0.001138472,0.9747128,0.004589789,0.000006124855,0.00006770374,0.001134883,0.0007558322,0.00001907686,0.01226868,0.004756546,0.0001210773],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.917977,0.05077756,0.0001238206,0.02672085,0.0005303868,0.0003795417,5.581317e-7,0.00003836324,0.003451967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820163,0.006993836,0.005814454,0.004936064,0.000133566,0.00001582636,0.000004217739,0.000002460629,0.00008325496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8236769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9898049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971803399","doi":"10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.913","title":"The Persistence of Mind-Brain Dualism in Psychiatric Reasoning About Clinical Scenarios","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Psychiatry","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":233,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Psychology; Biopsychosocial model; Blame; Attribution; Cognition; Social cognition; Clinical psychology; Theory of mind; Psychiatry; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01545964491195398,"gpt":0.3398524634842877,"spread":0.3243928185723337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002580904,0.0001785285,0.0008049903,0.0001977424,0.00008558738,0.00002148725,0.0003000244,0.00009744796,0.00002734608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01148271,0.0001179214,0.000606876,0.0007703208,0.0007411033,0.00005202727,0.00003026901,0.0008177768,0.000008935295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004318271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008503519,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002719371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001877235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965702,0.0003025196,0.001984154,0.0002376029,0.0005466137,0.0003588719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9901759,0.007216291,0.001722705,0.000389874,0.0002507408,0.000244469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006793495,0.0007525797,0.9404377,0.00001111181,0.00007922206,0.00003808275,0.0001122994,0.00004388174,0.00000949005,0.0009339863,0.01311383,0.04378846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003152808,0.002825797,0.9846249,0.001963978,0.0002297962,0.0005018461,0.002176444,0.0001185993,0.000005882093,0.001341926,0.002895361,0.0001626773],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665609,0.004236838,0.0001164505,0.02576793,0.00164171,0.0001233778,0.000003554893,0.000006830138,0.001542391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753445,0.0005503936,0.02131057,0.00121911,0.001353914,0.000001874116,0.000002057851,0.00002339417,0.0001941557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04418718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030418672","doi":"10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00467.x","title":"The Cognitive Imperative Thinking about How We Think","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Academic Emergency Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":232,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Heuristics; Cognition; Medicine; Process (computing); Variety (cybernetics); Domain (mathematical analysis); Thinking processes; Clinical Practice; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychiatry; Nursing; Statistical thinking; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1017729973602984,"gpt":0.4490807261252031,"spread":0.3473077287649047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002439099,0.001048324,0.003530409,0.0002290017,0.0006121279,0.000005780783,0.0007916687,0.001547825,0.002886246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08476639,0.0005295146,0.0009584125,0.0009966417,0.0007877916,0.00009168596,0.0001635035,0.00549122,0.000505872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001590543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007503556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004634963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005987259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934807,0.0005609592,0.002536004,0.001077657,0.00135754,0.0009871459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9687992,0.02807686,0.001247709,0.000840673,0.0003385779,0.0006969456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005048384,0.0000434399,0.0000681814,0.001760097,0.0007212331,0.00006228572,0.001449346,3.693754e-8,2.264349e-7,0.0005337593,0.146405,0.8489059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008245285,0.0004024436,0.00003995588,0.1932623,0.005430832,0.000157023,0.0005443859,0.000004470271,5.432669e-7,0.001091395,0.7978245,0.000417624],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002840805,0.9688108,0.00001805107,0.01167781,0.003324135,0.002032785,0.00005232552,0.0002042195,0.01385145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004574587,0.9701421,0.0000196942,0.0007357144,0.006283304,0.0002673959,0.0004676997,0.0001536695,0.02188473],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8484883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055373802","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02036.x","title":"The value of basic science in clinical diagnosis: creating coherence among signs and symptoms","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Medical diagnosis; Mnemonic; Recall; Disease; Test (biology); Psychology; Lesion; Value (mathematics); Clinical diagnosis; Medicine; Physical therapy; Audiology; Cognitive psychology; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Clinical psychology; Pathology; Psychiatry; Computer science; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0178999913081985,"gpt":0.3884442146303567,"spread":0.3705442233221581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002952776,0.00007535416,0.0002209299,0.00005880843,0.0001056076,0.00002088337,0.0001570835,0.0001086669,0.00005524544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2846453,0.00004888138,0.00004340549,0.0004014687,0.001626676,0.00005734825,0.00005394187,0.000317398,0.000008317322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006813643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003267488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005953393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004264165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982689,0.00007366992,0.0005873715,0.0002619588,0.0006043257,0.0002037684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9867835,0.01222173,0.0001677821,0.000287467,0.0001588209,0.0003806865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001614503,0.0006491285,0.837713,0.00001272923,0.000004212512,0.000002931623,0.0002982054,0.000005139091,0.000009642148,0.001466818,0.0001761257,0.1596459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009732042,0.0004006311,0.9929956,0.003582583,0.00003043562,0.00001012618,0.0003223048,0.0003165668,0.0001341766,0.001053614,0.0001251967,0.00005552633],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916932,0.0005004065,0.00005454036,0.005813873,0.0004847377,0.0002323721,3.957478e-7,0.00001377494,0.001206673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977295,0.0004135761,0.0002857908,0.001264784,0.0001725823,0.00006959973,0.000002678763,0.000005724067,0.00005574429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2816926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7213804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160357909","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02923.x","title":"Teaching from the clinical reasoning literature: combined reasoning strategies help novice diagnosticians overcome misleading information","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Psychology; Task (project management); Test (biology); Cognitive psychology; Confirmation bias; Analytic reasoning; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Social psychology; Deductive reasoning; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01432967744878596,"gpt":0.3741829386336011,"spread":0.3598532611848152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005204145,0.0002611598,0.0004657911,0.0001101313,0.000348249,0.000264334,0.000300359,0.0004878232,0.0002440651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2924669,0.0001852526,0.0002020785,0.0004132116,0.0002084893,0.0005505345,0.00008273276,0.00181882,0.0001481463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001487572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001775209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001823184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001656015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965523,0.0002857258,0.001231782,0.0003733037,0.001066513,0.0004903303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9586671,0.03887582,0.0005127427,0.0007471106,0.0004227226,0.000774525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005229219,0.001527621,0.3181513,0.00007328206,0.0001490867,0.00006405878,0.008098763,0.000006361102,0.00001895185,0.01326235,0.06053853,0.5975868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003557266,0.0005625252,0.902326,0.01875671,0.0004050031,0.0001408378,0.01023623,0.00259276,0.0000421457,0.00166995,0.05922334,0.0004871685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9421144,0.001176868,0.01150676,0.02915092,0.003452834,0.0006081,0.00001372816,0.0002581523,0.01171822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9622015,0.0002686108,0.005098165,0.02796712,0.003280396,0.00003056253,0.0008917931,0.00002903923,0.0002328594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5970995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7901971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792822433","doi":"10.1111/jep.12905","title":"Developing the experts we need: Fostering adaptive expertise through education","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Excellence; Framing (construction); Curriculum; Context (archaeology); Set (abstract data type); Health care; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Medical education; Computer science; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.317056414422352,"gpt":0.5676272083374496,"spread":0.2505707939150976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01163064,0.0001196053,0.0003739125,0.00008173387,0.00009509653,0.00004594184,0.0001318458,0.0001576577,0.0001933183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4592148,0.00007693974,0.000171907,0.0003126033,0.0001782215,0.0005944936,0.00007678179,0.0005803765,0.00004333206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003741187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002456049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004790262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001239063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957001,0.001099625,0.001858222,0.0002062582,0.0009631064,0.0001727118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9270841,0.06645709,0.00200604,0.0004287447,0.003827886,0.0001961727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003547006,0.001560377,0.005870574,0.0000138833,0.0002086219,0.00005104569,0.006536532,0.00008731546,0.00005671837,0.001456406,0.03154832,0.9490632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03373553,0.0192269,0.2693894,0.03800763,0.004796353,0.006974251,0.1143821,0.02809216,0.001386815,0.1078681,0.3746821,0.001458647],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6766058,0.007611504,0.02456608,0.2511513,0.01009392,0.001337816,8.779113e-7,0.00002836523,0.02860439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9412316,0.001673933,0.04073153,0.0131154,0.003120122,0.0000222876,0.000001389322,0.0000162286,0.00008750476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9476045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5453405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989691238","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200210001-00002","title":"The Aging Physician","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Population ageing; Context (archaeology); Gerontology; Health care; Developed country; Population; Cohort; Medicine; Geriatrics; Psychology; Cohort effect; Family medicine; Demography; Political science; Geography; Environmental health; Psychiatry; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1267600966390212,"gpt":0.4540729888525732,"spread":0.327312892213552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001182662,0.0004958271,0.002540615,0.0001222488,0.0001929013,0.000008508651,0.0004625359,0.0006979348,0.0002073008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04707597,0.0002338027,0.0004238996,0.0005310581,0.000536653,0.00002236198,0.0001039157,0.003116266,0.0008704982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001198963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001931599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001595771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.715702e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967579,0.0001671677,0.001280243,0.0005304693,0.0006821827,0.0005820612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.96795,0.03020322,0.000543924,0.0008023611,0.000073103,0.0004273347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002495573,0.000006368688,0.000005427025,0.001257059,0.0001293493,0.0000464028,0.0000855175,1.249866e-8,5.163791e-8,0.0004325285,0.13248,0.8655548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004678949,0.0001185948,0.000004574501,0.1792532,0.002512206,0.0001843117,0.00006060117,0.000006297927,1.028107e-7,0.0002031646,0.8170174,0.0001717401],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001577239,0.9754632,0.00001530196,0.004924977,0.001065028,0.0007254574,0.000004249594,0.0001205551,0.01767971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000008604696,0.9708418,0.00001051535,0.00323149,0.006387855,0.00008697759,0.00009130294,0.0000830254,0.01925841],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8653831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155284013","doi":"10.3109/0142159x.2013.760036","title":"Script concordance testing: From theory to practice: AMEE Guide No. 75","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Concordance; Competence (human resources); Medical education; Psychology; Test (biology); Variety (cybernetics); Medicine; Applied psychology; Management science; Computer science; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03335734072977935,"gpt":0.3691587632072861,"spread":0.3358014224775068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001641395,0.0002127932,0.0004807578,0.00003990886,0.00005929939,0.00004200178,0.0002606522,0.00027623,0.02192793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6780049,0.0001545437,0.0001019321,0.0002157513,0.000237443,0.00009070096,0.0001432264,0.0008095776,0.01310986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007746404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003210803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001723533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005924771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971939,0.0002651883,0.0005798086,0.000500883,0.001008289,0.0004519395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.959431,0.03567024,0.0002213975,0.001136752,0.0008527678,0.00268783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001403879,0.000771646,0.06795765,0.000009645696,0.0001246289,0.0002734477,0.0003066287,4.927101e-7,0.0002028206,0.0001952483,0.7252444,0.204773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003418652,0.0009183047,0.06537399,0.003186094,0.0003287945,0.00009795817,0.0006643305,0.001900871,0.00007914047,0.002877891,0.9207127,0.0004412386],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.582793,0.001242142,0.009270092,0.05797454,0.002845478,0.001248448,0.000009090505,0.0006060692,0.3440111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5113795,0.000127017,0.1083331,0.1541424,0.008660712,0.0004605853,0.0001043427,0.0001888583,0.2166036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6763635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9876586,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035386357","doi":"10.3402/meo.v15i0.4846","title":"The Dreyfus model of clinical problem-solving skills acquisition: a critical perspective","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education Online","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Covis Pharma; McGill University","keywords":"Intuition; Dreyfus model of skill acquisition; Knowledge acquisition; Perspective (graphical); Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive science; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Computer science; Engineering ethics; Epistemology; Knowledge management; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0669307478922167,"gpt":0.5193285895816815,"spread":0.4523978416894648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003185184,0.0004515145,0.002654215,0.000139714,0.0001814125,0.00003957014,0.0005515091,0.001517803,0.0007943693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4412313,0.0002652694,0.00126533,0.0004211975,0.001432703,0.00004627048,0.0001766594,0.003346993,0.0000826825],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001441992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0219003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004207585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000245088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939534,0.0004419829,0.002943508,0.0007772872,0.001410003,0.0004737859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8862463,0.1030976,0.001803077,0.002417937,0.003372564,0.003062526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002734987,0.007834619,0.00003790018,0.001414391,0.0001236646,0.000009631899,0.00009549462,2.431825e-7,3.761287e-8,0.008364548,0.007322975,0.9747692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001011683,0.0004566301,0.0001917756,0.09815965,0.002607517,0.0003034464,0.0002896064,0.001252292,2.097202e-7,0.004535254,0.8907685,0.0004234352],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001009538,0.9763343,0.000333843,0.01655223,0.002560518,0.001043922,0.0001075586,0.00007521879,0.002891445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001057306,0.9820371,0.008962254,0.00200907,0.004269139,0.0001514581,0.0005102876,0.00007406361,0.001880932],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9743457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974039834","doi":"10.1097/acm.0000000000000105","title":"The Etiology of Diagnostic Errors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; ECW Press (Canada); University of Ottawa; McGill University; Ethica (Canada); Medical Council of Canada","funders":"McMaster University; McGill University","keywords":"Cohort; Diagnostic accuracy; Medicine; Licensure; Cohort study; Etiology; Psychology; Psychiatry; Medical education; Pathology; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03236790360632494,"gpt":0.3629665275393423,"spread":0.3305986239330174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007788643,0.0001230503,0.0004185546,0.00005033998,0.00006065199,0.000001340731,0.0001858734,0.0002290329,0.0008007338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2970128,0.0000617571,0.00005683868,0.0001873252,0.0008373265,0.00002373842,0.00004869935,0.0006350193,0.0002802296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001857271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007176328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002741989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002244576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984906,0.00007860067,0.0006373734,0.000194949,0.0003014615,0.00029698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9286605,0.07039846,0.0001823602,0.0003498205,0.0001580455,0.0002508431],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001247312,0.00005220136,0.2815292,0.00006512164,0.0001675991,0.0000302061,0.001412379,0.000004868284,0.004127809,0.01290633,0.6186112,0.08096835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00729372,0.00287839,0.8778686,0.007193528,0.0007037826,0.0003707424,0.003354891,0.0004277352,0.001473165,0.0283338,0.06976167,0.0003399481],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9180531,0.004953838,0.0001426573,0.06863244,0.0006573152,0.0005208561,0.000001183837,0.00005067636,0.006987952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853139,0.006689192,0.00005210645,0.00361561,0.0005632034,0.00006284358,0.00001346616,0.0000141241,0.00367555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5963394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8767474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158828425","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03863.x","title":"Script concordance testing: a review of published validity evidence","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux Cavendish; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Concordance; Psychology; External validity; Construct validity; Competence (human resources); PsycINFO; Content validity; Validity; Clinical psychology; Internal validity; MEDLINE; Social psychology; Applied psychology; Psychometrics; Medicine; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2272363726862678,"gpt":0.4794160776581745,"spread":0.2521797049719066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003246014,0.0003256699,0.002573998,0.0001196182,0.00003036173,0.00001407472,0.0004364014,0.0004704903,0.0032748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.8236926,0.0002277971,0.0005078718,0.0008651994,0.0002765864,0.00009118969,0.00009642808,0.0008902242,0.000177449],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001463508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01876049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002236591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001898567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961343,0.0003951872,0.001688178,0.0005869911,0.0009252177,0.0002701623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9436256,0.04663171,0.002935354,0.00268683,0.002447149,0.001673387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003275338,0.000454291,0.0001430519,0.1187024,0.00002472098,0.00000478391,0.000008832647,2.024538e-10,9.291671e-9,0.00006941958,0.1584959,0.7220933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007018021,0.0001236999,0.00009973403,0.499073,0.001009526,0.00010873,0.000001505575,7.211507e-7,1.412121e-7,0.00004130763,0.4993751,0.00009640254],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004035141,0.9902592,0.00003548689,0.001978917,0.001832844,0.001106357,0.000006240021,0.00005844329,0.004718492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000005717808,0.9903753,0.001186392,0.006196987,0.0008012505,0.0002914553,0.0002110709,0.00003638123,0.0008954693],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8204466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791886998","doi":"10.1097/acm.0000000000002142","title":"Drawing Boundaries: The Difficulty in Defining Clinical Reasoning","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Conceptualization; Analogy; Construct (python library); Psychology; Deductive reasoning; Management science; Epistemology; Cognitive science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05913878509975403,"gpt":0.4251610115444137,"spread":0.3660222264446597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004464865,0.0002309321,0.0007386528,0.0001068571,0.0003004803,0.00001960608,0.0002938035,0.0004329788,0.0003711082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2133815,0.0001295995,0.0001051689,0.0005674259,0.002582671,0.00006085185,0.000127109,0.002080713,0.0002600492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007655907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003488543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003046517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003719707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968324,0.0002122976,0.001294173,0.0005223412,0.0005742158,0.0005646303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9811885,0.01746606,0.0002595145,0.0005522995,0.0001523553,0.0003813085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004240597,0.00005765192,0.8606267,0.00002383417,0.00008235537,0.0001285508,0.00871186,0.00000123779,0.0001793565,0.009933135,0.0866601,0.03317113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009695434,0.001939629,0.8196572,0.01680552,0.0004385739,0.0004068987,0.005461036,0.001623187,0.0001203907,0.002770276,0.1406769,0.0004048678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9580367,0.002246149,0.00035906,0.02555148,0.001592756,0.0003353747,0.000001706332,0.0001210937,0.01175567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813929,0.0007737903,0.0003007056,0.01263156,0.00367798,0.00002025725,0.00002525465,0.00003106862,0.001146464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2089166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9515957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311542542","doi":"10.23970/ahrqepccer258","title":"Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Emergency department; Confidence interval; Emergency medicine; CINAHL; MEDLINE; Harm; Stroke (engine); Systematic review; Aortic dissection; Myocardial infarction; Internal medicine; Psychological intervention; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08761665898628994,"gpt":0.4176135578297489,"spread":0.329996898843459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002471479,0.000449734,0.004342619,0.0001288316,0.00006767378,0.0000111806,0.0004922943,0.0001500125,0.006648402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2615215,0.0002179118,0.00126223,0.001004754,0.00002984887,0.00001712756,0.0001175639,0.0008107128,0.0006822945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001525379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003131762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003435716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000166892,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995138,0.001154539,0.002152852,0.0004808975,0.0007130746,0.0003605853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9201525,0.0773541,0.00070192,0.001556507,0.00003499442,0.000199931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[8.440221e-7,0.000313215,0.00001498394,0.9402459,0.0001384326,0.000426687,0.00001844703,2.742214e-8,5.988902e-11,0.0001720387,0.02072449,0.0379449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000955386,0.00008595694,0.000005264929,0.5648968,0.007785004,0.0002928654,0.00001966153,3.399867e-7,4.498487e-10,0.00001436265,0.4266706,0.0001336126],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[6.464073e-7,0.9835802,0.000001878469,0.0004362527,0.0003706198,0.008653897,0.00002596711,0.00005147788,0.006879114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000001382967,0.9886709,0.00001861645,0.001929917,0.00008676844,0.006847524,0.0004703374,0.00004924635,0.001925322],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4059462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9942597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152496920","doi":"10.1007/s10459-006-9054-y","title":"The role of biomedical knowledge in diagnosis of difficult clinical cases","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Terminology; MEDLINE; Medicine; Clinical diagnosis; Intensive care medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03628295317185566,"gpt":0.4963313852204744,"spread":0.4600484320486188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005062353,0.00006413047,0.0002851227,0.000159155,0.00006628035,0.000003585268,0.0001498629,0.000059667,0.000009230072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0479347,0.00004060629,0.00004391863,0.001168969,0.0009877685,0.00007336237,0.0000243035,0.0001594947,0.000002480972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006903648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001502546,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008409501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001714379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979519,0.0001174793,0.001165327,0.0002220282,0.0002760673,0.0002671614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9596599,0.03939475,0.0004062064,0.0001917776,0.0001453788,0.0002019372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002790862,0.0009188975,0.5890011,0.00003230494,6.25068e-7,4.287786e-7,0.0002064473,0.000003468203,0.000001513185,0.001214613,0.00006962554,0.4085231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004499129,0.001109721,0.9696234,0.002576055,0.000004722544,0.000008970962,0.00468248,0.0001326354,0.0001850496,0.001841042,0.01933266,0.00005337682],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9530143,0.04277611,0.00001823476,0.001733706,0.0009552244,0.0002736587,0.000001742117,0.000005631856,0.001221395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788586,0.01959348,0.001175268,0.0001793757,0.0001398368,0.00002717217,0.000004205375,0.000002796565,0.00001919488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4084697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.960085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041600754","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200610001-00031","title":"The Value of Basic Science in Clinical Diagnosis","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Recall; Test (biology); Epidemiology; Clinical epidemiology; Set (abstract data type); Basic science; Value (mathematics); Disease; Medicine; Medical science; Medical education; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04617998667261823,"gpt":0.4205942763938308,"spread":0.3744142897212126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006425022,0.0001218032,0.0005080392,0.0001387292,0.00007933253,0.000002789535,0.0003460397,0.0001932867,0.00009239862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1561769,0.0000672196,0.00007481782,0.0008668926,0.002611425,0.00004042494,0.00008187082,0.0008762944,0.00003791616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005395596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003276126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004679131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007370125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971139,0.00009936185,0.001321671,0.0003425041,0.0007409494,0.000381555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9673979,0.03158231,0.0002454947,0.0004265035,0.0001335412,0.000214239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007687185,0.0000617965,0.9478852,0.00001168637,0.000006471151,0.00002115923,0.0001050827,0.000007690689,0.0002317352,0.009139418,0.02291569,0.0195372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002649977,0.000454954,0.9795549,0.002601162,0.0000866253,0.00002447971,0.0001743702,0.0003765931,0.0005728491,0.004750531,0.00867643,0.00007714626],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680763,0.002946964,0.00003859695,0.01971545,0.0006993154,0.0002721552,0.000001159344,0.00002522359,0.008224859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991804,0.004520349,0.00006733411,0.001697965,0.0009275418,0.00002625053,0.000004319912,0.00001088092,0.0009413344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1497519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9621903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164610426","doi":"10.1177/0163278704267043","title":"Standardized Assessment of Reasoning in Contexts of Uncertainty","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Standardized test; Medical physics; Computer science; Natural language processing; Medical education; Mathematics education; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1004936907630079,"gpt":0.5254536042443122,"spread":0.4249599134813042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007475629,0.00007780342,0.0004125875,0.00007553025,0.0001077229,0.000001947237,0.00006725996,0.00006764568,0.000152867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02828288,0.00004761865,0.00007337005,0.000303967,0.00009508114,0.00002336801,0.00003275862,0.0002966629,0.000002428985],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003519237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004706956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005610876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001684031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974061,0.0007308756,0.0007802877,0.0001516157,0.0007406235,0.0001905256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942755,0.004363343,0.0004640401,0.0003279378,0.00045543,0.0001137842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003826296,0.00851727,0.4390731,0.001428976,0.0004121723,0.00001469236,0.04592658,0.06241105,0.002112856,0.1059688,0.007622115,0.322686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01632683,0.001170417,0.9387864,0.02097092,0.0001376203,0.000004773437,0.003645034,0.00737332,0.000215076,0.01113577,0.0001309449,0.0001028629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.962121,0.0006140629,0.00156059,0.03217416,0.0003010174,0.001975537,0.00002052725,0.0000173574,0.001215742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961286,0.0001262263,0.002672793,0.0008253938,0.00003233995,0.0001056574,0.00003717862,0.00000805834,0.00006377699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4997133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9799023,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}