{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1327,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1327,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"5a7c11dba464","filters":{"topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies"}},"results":[{"id":"W154477499","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226516981.001.0001","title":"Wolves","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography","authors":[{"name":"L. David Mech","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luigi Boitani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007962458518563068,"gpt":0.1622630232452767,"spread":0.1543005647267136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002942513,0.0007347248,0.0004652505,0.0007451597,0.001383961,0.003901345,0.0006763805,0.001054607,0.2756503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007435633,0.0003166464,0.0003546371,0.0008616376,0.0005506594,0.00259404,0.002115768,0.001236589,0.174915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005918919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007120941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001736198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00609734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996359,0.00004267557,0.00002436609,0.00009068308,0.000161501,0.00004486545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997517,0.00003194672,0.00001847352,0.00002974805,0.00009579408,0.00007230758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003569263,0.00004332947,0.0008606848,0.0002112286,0.000006027619,0.0001571381,0.0005952846,0.00006026335,0.0007405269,0.02194308,0.61362,0.3617268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001046776,0.00000757303,0.000408839,0.00005500087,7.817117e-7,0.0001106508,0.00009984792,0.000009540398,0.00005219251,0.000817846,0.9984346,0.000001977941],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003419515,0.01893052,0.002201573,0.004637616,0.00544761,0.0001163354,0.002469996,0.0007537371,0.9620231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006558045,0.007869973,0.001410835,0.00233569,0.0006921403,0.00004665729,0.001615926,0.0002023902,0.9792683],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2756503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135546836","doi":"10.1029/2005wr004560","title":"Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater–surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":290,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Beaver; Overbank; Hydrology (agriculture); Riparian zone; Water table; Environmental science; Surface runoff; Floodplain; Wetland; Surface water; Alluvial fan; Groundwater; Flood myth; Groundwater recharge; Aquifer; Geology; Ecology; Habitat; Geography; Fluvial; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true},{"name":"David J. Cooper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce W. Baker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02517071849791572,"gpt":0.2788909120890948,"spread":0.2537201935911791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001545871,0.0001012115,0.000139895,0.0002330712,0.000337372,0.0004685873,0.0001362851,0.0001635294,0.0008075144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006432649,0.000118038,0.0001218793,0.0001665189,0.000272422,0.0001851959,0.0003763009,0.0001410126,0.00005215549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003662448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004016257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03766606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1102963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998602,0.00005323054,0.000004821872,0.00002649123,0.00001457658,0.00004076088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995877,0.0001028889,0.0001345297,0.00001880664,0.00004231422,0.000113734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009783434,0.0001150923,0.9803479,0.00001573832,0.00009127307,0.0003392853,0.001186925,0.0009103289,0.008101515,0.0001323909,0.000349741,0.008311954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001869928,0.00004728825,0.9980934,0.000002677915,0.00001411284,0.00003887915,0.0006484041,0.000733337,0.0001393179,0.0000326474,0.0002452811,0.00000280793],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997298,0.00001153689,0.00002089014,0.000008338866,2.701604e-7,0.000001011487,0.000009247905,0.000001341383,0.0002175479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997728,0.00001971615,0.00005108676,0.000009018314,8.534961e-7,0.0000017432,0.00002536265,9.263075e-7,0.0001185372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03766606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07489359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1519570384","doi":"10.1023/a:1008194205292","title":"Issues related to the detection of boundaries","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Landscape Ecology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre de Géomatique du Québec; Simon Fraser University","funders":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Ecotone; Landscape ecology; Context (archaeology); Remote sensing; Wetland; Field (mathematics); Riparian zone; Ecosystem; Geography; Computer science; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Ecology; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Marie‐Josée Fortin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Randall J. Olson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott Ferson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louis R. Iverson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carolyn T. Hunsaker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geoffrey Edwards","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel A. Levine","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. Butera","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Klemas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004241646298064994,"gpt":0.1970253362770547,"spread":0.1927836899789897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0637204,0.000577954,0.001499636,0.005272498,0.006160382,0.01114306,0.009977473,0.01218814,0.008561767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.47596,0.00100845,0.001085469,0.004795925,0.02742714,0.02720049,0.006254819,0.008576497,0.001536931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002654517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004533131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009341216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00854979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9528041,0.03132644,0.002861963,0.003483389,0.007724884,0.001799307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.486259,0.447409,0.01521538,0.02316395,0.02459717,0.003355514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001436414,0.00008203479,0.0159768,0.0009178271,0.00007271978,0.0005712992,0.005975052,0.003032319,0.0006679218,0.7575477,0.03043674,0.1845761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003836195,0.00005718264,0.008605652,0.001111454,0.00004258155,0.002429993,0.008701613,0.006535696,0.001481338,0.9190776,0.05184528,0.00007317259],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08951002,0.02139591,0.4614029,0.2423406,0.007884835,0.0004639906,0.0005101235,0.0004532783,0.1760384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7668735,0.008787477,0.1956591,0.01224819,0.005339149,0.0006196661,0.0004138078,0.0003014472,0.009757655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0637204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3369896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042047158","doi":"10.1002/rra.1359","title":"Beaver assisted river valley formation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"River Research and Applications","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Beaver; Overbank; Floodplain; Willow; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecosystem engineer; Vegetation (pathology); Erosion; Deposition (geology); Environmental science; Ephemeral key; Geology; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true},{"name":"David J. Cooper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barry W. Baker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05078173153668133,"gpt":0.3137009552205473,"spread":0.262919223683866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000289312,0.0001464179,0.0001518238,0.0004258448,0.0006162009,0.0006932135,0.0002757803,0.0001797743,0.002964483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001559591,0.0001032239,0.00011144,0.0002933085,0.0003984024,0.000354579,0.001009436,0.0002162985,0.0002854121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005328879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006025416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007712956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03536675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997721,0.00006215835,0.000008394794,0.00005218473,0.00004292377,0.00006222638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993883,0.00007531673,0.000184721,0.00008312635,0.00009788794,0.0001705052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002570493,0.0003583608,0.8250094,0.0001207302,0.0001159421,0.001787945,0.004678502,0.006896058,0.02928124,0.006398588,0.002587809,0.1225083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001550927,0.0004680229,0.9710791,0.00004247077,0.00005262452,0.0006554105,0.002816976,0.004214284,0.003392343,0.001990518,0.01523842,0.00003440126],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960504,0.00004333274,0.0003022845,0.00001598729,0.000003824895,0.000008601139,0.00004921443,0.00002207232,0.003504378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989941,0.00001926938,0.0002741751,0.000006108553,9.125135e-7,0.00000363965,0.0000433054,0.000002076614,0.0006564405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007712956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01533616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077079430","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00035.x","title":"Wolves, white‐tailed deer, and beaver: implications of seasonal prey switching for woodland caribou declines","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecography","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Predation; Woodland caribou; Odocoileus; Beaver; Ecology; Biology; Population; Canis; Geography; Demography","authors":[{"name":"A. David M. Latham","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Cecilia Latham","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kyle H. Knopff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark Hebblewhite","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stan Boutin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009081371740205584,"gpt":0.2089467701706193,"spread":0.1998653984304137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002783485,0.0001647957,0.0001299142,0.0005707436,0.000534271,0.0007235004,0.0003611759,0.0002556949,0.0009664213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006418454,0.0000860685,0.0001262325,0.0004326519,0.0004922117,0.0002432173,0.0002223101,0.0001931023,0.00004963642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001562916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001541438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4728501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.74882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999069,0.00002002325,0.000003812469,0.000017831,0.00001512911,0.00003630461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997453,0.00002736839,0.00006613207,0.000008913511,0.00005029748,0.0001020178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000781056,0.00003379285,0.9874303,0.00001639989,0.00003947734,0.000129199,0.0005059742,0.0001758912,0.00103606,0.0001584668,0.0002461489,0.01015018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.293683e-7,0.00001026375,0.9987269,0.000007954168,0.000009256893,0.0000324611,0.0007889145,0.0001327934,0.00002767834,0.00005347736,0.000208229,0.00000126661],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981447,0.0006820709,0.00004773829,0.0001921169,0.000004659852,0.00000241023,0.00005097284,0.000003641783,0.0008715342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993675,0.0002599921,0.00004647782,0.00004423683,0.000003990883,0.000001577508,0.00004775744,7.484109e-7,0.0002277728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4728501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9401955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095754872","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12487","title":"Ecological engineering and aquatic connectivity: a new perspective from beaver‐modified wetlands","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Freshwater Biology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Wetland; Beaver; Habitat; Environmental science; Ecology; Riparian zone; Ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem engineer; Digging; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Glynnis A. Hood","is_ca":true},{"name":"David G. Larson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01189957350630627,"gpt":0.2002450806257187,"spread":0.1883455071194125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003876102,0.0004298716,0.0004865016,0.001454016,0.0005484996,0.00183594,0.0004579022,0.0007886498,0.00210223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001335246,0.0001642639,0.0003154113,0.001083756,0.002913221,0.002409426,0.001497837,0.001293966,0.00006742564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007769316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002885564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004288962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008684615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998622,0.00005960731,0.000008423421,0.00002875925,0.00001871561,0.00002220957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987082,0.0007631018,0.0002087247,0.0000490752,0.00009772025,0.0001731577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003408284,0.0003317268,0.525809,0.001016973,0.0004730936,0.008425038,0.01229449,0.01601202,0.008371948,0.1786019,0.007214225,0.2411087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002145693,0.0005446123,0.647085,0.0007630473,0.0002111077,0.006742397,0.01545188,0.02196718,0.001032354,0.2353848,0.07060401,0.0001921641],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9238006,0.03815163,0.0105295,0.008760751,0.0002302759,0.00002328858,0.0002008838,0.00003844364,0.0182646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841841,0.01134184,0.002675431,0.0005678943,0.0002944143,0.00001015111,0.00005388569,0.000008189821,0.0008640627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004288962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008527994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4291497810","doi":"10.3138/9781442669574","title":"The Natural History of Canadian Mammals","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of Toronto Press eBooks","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Natural history; Natural (archaeology); Geography; History; Zoology; Biology; Archaeology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Donna Naughton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01584720817389489,"gpt":0.1593279364175383,"spread":0.1434807282436434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000468655,0.000352317,0.0002069607,0.001482769,0.007255338,0.002708652,0.0006385506,0.0004885738,0.008367359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009799098,0.0002416027,0.0001966621,0.002521788,0.004507646,0.0009295093,0.0009120348,0.001262213,0.000957933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04400996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05617774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9913098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994254,0.0000420362,0.000008601926,0.00006684608,0.0003309046,0.0001263009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996069,0.00004148954,0.00001219323,0.00001946115,0.0002492912,0.00007074455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003328815,0.00001013074,0.004314523,0.0002381363,0.00002345782,0.0002002733,0.01181661,0.0004839808,0.0007244903,0.2067055,0.5323777,0.243072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001109109,0.000002186476,0.006731327,0.00008724315,0.000005634487,0.00004336216,0.0007706733,0.00003056046,0.00004024769,0.002040315,0.9902393,0.000008085807],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01516501,0.1649989,0.00141816,0.04338292,0.001844921,0.00004406515,0.00228804,0.00009758852,0.7707604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.233526,0.1658804,0.004437227,0.008009372,0.0008315601,0.0000635,0.001690867,0.0001423235,0.5854186],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04400996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3193161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130355458","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00492.x","title":"Habitat suitability and source–sink dynamics of beavers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Animal Ecology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Australian Government; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Metapopulation; Biological dispersal; Beaver; Ecology; Territoriality; Habitat; Population; Occupancy; Abundance (ecology); Biology; Geography; Demography","authors":[{"name":"John M. Fryxell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009777182102500821,"gpt":0.2128982569282174,"spread":0.2031210748257166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001952047,0.00008565895,0.0001319644,0.0006877086,0.0003190195,0.0004915337,0.0001757206,0.0001444494,0.00101893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001309472,0.0001185451,0.00008524986,0.0002874783,0.0004194627,0.0002562213,0.0002330279,0.0001292878,0.00008418223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005105459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001762966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03749485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1243777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999082,0.00002007432,0.000005641084,0.00002654184,0.00001412293,0.00002554376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993012,0.0001902506,0.0002320119,0.00004062113,0.00008841857,0.0001474256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004017526,0.00001555654,0.9943968,0.000006782796,0.00001867823,0.0001184883,0.0004900656,0.0006966081,0.002155059,0.000114693,0.00005397724,0.001893213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002232113,0.00001477452,0.9979023,0.000002119215,0.000005285672,0.000105773,0.0002886872,0.001418185,0.0000593574,0.0001153015,0.00008310563,0.000002884564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998081,0.000007691038,0.00003603887,0.000003474639,1.732113e-7,7.344801e-7,0.00001269522,0.00000120045,0.0001298612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9999026,0.000004988434,0.00002385473,0.00000130511,2.377743e-7,5.773133e-7,0.00002178212,7.28326e-7,0.00004384092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03749485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07455319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131232239","doi":"10.1139/juvs-2015-0005","title":"Aerial photography collected with a multirotor drone reveals impact of Eurasian beaver reintroduction on ecosystem structure","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; University of Exeter","keywords":"Beaver; Orthophoto; Ecosystem services; Aerial photography; Wetland; Ecosystem; Butte; Environmental science; Ecosystem engineer; Biodiversity; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Remote sensing; Geography; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Alan Puttock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew M. Cunliffe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard E. Brazier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01165842549117788,"gpt":0.2209974233088446,"spread":0.2093389978176667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007666962,0.0001277923,0.000105854,0.0005588109,0.0001899201,0.0002131174,0.0001209968,0.00019497,0.002955339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001735268,0.00008700079,0.0001086946,0.0003030844,0.0001290415,0.000159495,0.0002613353,0.0002798111,0.000478933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001381557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001091246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01020847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04482565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999353,0.00000520655,0.000003218937,0.0000181185,0.00002468354,0.00001346875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998688,0.00001823141,0.00002898843,0.00001903353,0.00004171592,0.0000233165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005634014,0.0002422772,0.238564,0.0002878123,0.0001177751,0.005173912,0.002696328,0.003420799,0.5968165,0.000345703,0.006503556,0.1452679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004820068,0.0001018432,0.9827048,0.00002687723,0.00001639604,0.000824734,0.0009730916,0.001932247,0.009435769,0.00003486668,0.003933278,0.00001129244],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902962,0.00009942325,0.001322897,0.00004519504,0.00002074404,0.00002738686,0.001400874,0.00009733737,0.006689808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894027,0.0001505723,0.00488042,0.00004620249,0.000004166839,0.00001156632,0.001190401,0.00002625243,0.004287824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01020847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02029806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141055527","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0476-z","title":"Beaver-Created Habitat Heterogeneity Influences Aquatic Invertebrate Assemblages in Boreal Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wetlands","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Wetland; Species richness; Habitat; Biodiversity; Beaver; Invertebrate; Abundance (ecology); Biology; Boreal","authors":[{"name":"Glynnis A. Hood","is_ca":true},{"name":"David G. Larson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009509733863922008,"gpt":0.1993513489776371,"spread":0.1898416151137151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004248575,0.0001638333,0.0002585883,0.001016302,0.00249075,0.001256974,0.0005956196,0.0002781153,0.00153867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001456355,0.0002134825,0.0002517118,0.001064812,0.00141958,0.0004887368,0.001092193,0.0003445725,0.00007632036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008626943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006795562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9487656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9924204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999512,0.00007922427,0.00001544558,0.0001068195,0.00008803466,0.0001985048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987249,0.0001527094,0.0002598417,0.00005667916,0.000287792,0.0005181347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001741203,0.00007440972,0.9898555,0.00001422634,0.00009515679,0.0001660419,0.002261974,0.0002434578,0.002035981,0.0002014665,0.0003988461,0.004478791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002234074,0.000008013668,0.9972571,0.00000446098,0.00001164913,0.00002685092,0.002243418,0.00013608,0.00004710806,0.00003021404,0.0002283153,0.000004555946],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994685,0.0000345133,0.00001860612,0.00002103745,0.000001216817,0.000001928564,0.00004797798,0.000001121667,0.0004051494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996604,0.00003056069,0.00004354649,0.0000130852,7.898337e-7,0.000001609722,0.00004480677,0.000001950489,0.0002032538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05123436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1030721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178577635","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[1:eiftcr]2.0.co;2","title":"Environmental Indicators for the Coastal Region of the North American Great Lakes: Introduction and Prospectus","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Watershed; Geography; Abiotic component; Environmental change; Prospectus; Natural (archaeology); Climate change; Drainage basin; Land use; Structural basin; Ecology; Environmental science; Oceanography; Geology; Archaeology; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Gerald J. Niemi","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Kelly","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas P. Danz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02307402119050766,"gpt":0.2698142850569329,"spread":0.2467402638664252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00303205,0.0008988365,0.0005434862,0.00312744,0.0005098566,0.001288599,0.0008715961,0.0007265612,0.001099465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002554549,0.000287338,0.0005463007,0.005260406,0.0009865491,0.001748705,0.0009550829,0.0009227559,0.0002271884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000920857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001600938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03825408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08753625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995589,0.0001139759,0.00006704411,0.00006500755,0.0001606674,0.0000344187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979364,0.000501573,0.0002557583,0.00008968856,0.001056552,0.0001601402],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003728035,0.0003525693,0.1973729,0.003330556,0.0002588829,0.00030182,0.0009989012,0.007692004,0.005039596,0.0152828,0.07833401,0.6906632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004173832,0.001268642,0.5992509,0.001345457,0.0003382257,0.0006939689,0.002522419,0.006685435,0.002313904,0.01066824,0.3746921,0.0001790223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2630562,0.5444776,0.07215225,0.04452251,0.009658696,0.0007227482,0.01785162,0.0008709264,0.04668733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6394237,0.2309251,0.07513428,0.005892177,0.007655865,0.0006600571,0.006586156,0.0002175371,0.03350516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9617459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07606286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131737558","doi":"10.22230/jem.2009v10n1a412","title":"Changes in riparian area structure, channel hydraulics, and sediment yield following loss of beaver dams","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Riparian zone; Hydrology (agriculture); Channel (broadcasting); Castor canadensis; Sediment; Environmental science; STREAMS; Geology; Habitat; Ecology; Geomorphology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Kim C. Green","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01267296775657313,"gpt":0.203716615980518,"spread":0.1910436482239449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001974544,0.000175401,0.0001981126,0.0008779232,0.0007202702,0.0006619318,0.0003263471,0.0001895764,0.0009217436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001119697,0.0001532529,0.0001314925,0.0009433312,0.0004639668,0.000212472,0.0002936695,0.0002856767,0.0001422557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003369728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001855917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6161609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.905851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997975,0.00001668014,0.000008189495,0.00003102667,0.00006755,0.00007895158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999184,0.00007245587,0.0002335786,0.00003210727,0.0002620328,0.0002158202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001152098,0.00006904665,0.9889044,0.00001015857,0.00003549992,0.0003134739,0.0003818979,0.0004072772,0.001626903,0.00001796609,0.0002265957,0.007891526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.039008e-7,0.00001613191,0.9995813,6.327136e-7,0.000002603929,0.00002421692,0.0001580654,0.0000800018,0.00005207082,0.000003179568,0.00007967972,0.000001405013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994753,0.00002608709,0.00002499841,0.00000895596,5.967847e-7,0.000004587901,0.0001714731,0.000002968517,0.0002850282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988093,0.00004030999,0.00006137051,0.000008718163,6.965466e-7,0.000004696024,0.00030648,0.000001303703,0.0007671746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6161609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7721993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168021955","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01732.x","title":"Variation in abundance across a species' range predicts climate change responses in the range interior will exceed those at the edge: a case study with North American beaver","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Beaver; Range (aeronautics); Abundance (ecology); Climate change; Environmental science; Ecology; Spatial variability; Physical geography; Geography; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Biology; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"STACEY I. JAREMA","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jason Samson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian J. McGill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Murray M. Humphries","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0576966079413057,"gpt":0.2869516249457498,"spread":0.2292550170044441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007255517,0.0002019951,0.0002800187,0.0004222001,0.001221995,0.0007144545,0.0006085032,0.0003744417,0.000919739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002517576,0.0001534485,0.0003714896,0.0008090668,0.0005648023,0.0003582969,0.0004031513,0.0004940058,0.00006493738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00191264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008133539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4664216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6960504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997317,0.0001116475,0.00000923991,0.00006318182,0.00003845929,0.00004564076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984148,0.0009128015,0.0001491322,0.000119895,0.0002427831,0.0001606001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008055132,0.0002311613,0.9819157,0.00001331283,0.00008195085,0.001268944,0.00102352,0.008505754,0.0008598288,0.0002805774,0.000492494,0.005246228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001790032,0.0001174753,0.9410503,0.0000106085,0.00004982251,0.0004794787,0.003420705,0.05317888,0.000298265,0.0004771787,0.0008781332,0.00002134591],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999382,0.00001537173,0.000156097,0.00004427259,8.281382e-7,0.000005110745,0.00004215401,0.000004642297,0.0003493798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994261,0.00001629879,0.0003494486,0.00001480711,0.00000135955,0.00000462595,0.0000563848,0.000002418517,0.0001287128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4664216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9274135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114775800","doi":"10.1139/z04-067","title":"An extensive study of the foraging ecology of beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) in relation to habitat quality","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Foraging; Castor canadensis; Beaver; Habitat; Forage; Ecology; Biology; Optimal foraging theory; National park","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Gallant","is_ca":false},{"name":"Céline H. Bérubé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Éric Tremblay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liette Vasseur","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01659096362554022,"gpt":0.2354656349972988,"spread":0.2188746713717585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001933737,0.0001925177,0.000264119,0.0004554355,0.000537992,0.0002801589,0.000186195,0.0001434463,0.000600975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006669279,0.00009127535,0.0001063385,0.000614788,0.0003324182,0.0001529985,0.000267968,0.0001744759,0.0000835918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003255572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003552072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07120547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3007062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998417,0.00002791226,0.00000832953,0.0000360852,0.0000455977,0.00004026854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999493,0.00009711781,0.0001930341,0.00003540116,0.00007188354,0.0001096255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001574675,0.0001402894,0.9306113,0.0001472451,0.0001109178,0.0003205228,0.001286083,0.000239225,0.03421104,0.00008587109,0.0002109139,0.03247926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.794308e-7,0.00003891129,0.9993204,0.00000431994,0.00000583314,0.00008632147,0.0001614635,0.00002703701,0.0001490339,0.000005942382,0.0001978965,0.000002144288],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994802,0.0001599173,0.00004098096,0.000008352621,8.720878e-7,0.000002221984,0.00002822644,0.000001151998,0.0002781032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991286,0.0002657468,0.0002119203,0.00001938475,0.000002185698,0.000003885467,0.00009612135,0.000001199058,0.000270989],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9287945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.141582,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026683034","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13828","title":"Hydrological functioning of a beaver dam sequence and regional dam persistence during an extreme rainstorm","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrological Processes","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Beaver; Flood myth; Riparian zone; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Habitat; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amanda Lee Ronnquist","is_ca":true},{"name":"Angela Bedard‐Haughn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1175740094185284,"gpt":0.2304256689815135,"spread":0.1128516595629851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002532266,0.0000959484,0.0001595272,0.0006390839,0.0003661231,0.0004827241,0.0002680956,0.0001806291,0.001042453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001122235,0.00006244751,0.0001125513,0.0005467971,0.0003706361,0.0002306263,0.0003379036,0.0001811215,0.00009803478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007311229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004769367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09343965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2314355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998815,0.00001396132,0.000008008456,0.00003093305,0.00002939312,0.00003621371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991482,0.00009054433,0.0003275534,0.00004174406,0.0001902034,0.0002016507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008550303,0.00002810152,0.9937605,0.000007522276,0.00003593088,0.0001284612,0.0003369193,0.0004894295,0.002546278,0.00003992912,0.000131782,0.002409609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.14908e-7,0.00001136725,0.9995369,8.165437e-7,0.000002493724,0.00001808228,0.0001390334,0.0001987805,0.00004718011,0.000006175189,0.00003781294,0.000001079218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999582,0.00001249394,0.00004415544,0.000007540473,7.586959e-7,0.000002026818,0.0001407149,0.000003789181,0.0002066182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998345,0.000004535894,0.00002612376,0.000001977264,7.610982e-7,9.448536e-7,0.00008762343,4.983332e-7,0.00004305449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09343965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1857915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119457573","doi":"10.1139/x04-151","title":"Response of beaver, moose, and snowshoe hare to clear-cutting in a Quebec boreal forest: a reassessment 10 years after cut","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Snowshoe hare; Beaver; Taiga; Castor canadensis; Logging; Forestry; Boreal; Habitat; Geography; Ecology; Riparian zone; Clearcutting; Shrub; Silviculture; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"François Potvin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laůrier Breton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Réhaume Courtois","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02373625441113244,"gpt":0.2899024241682966,"spread":0.2661661697571642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002746934,0.000235524,0.0002476233,0.0004078333,0.0006934901,0.0004872049,0.0003686065,0.0004676228,0.000993325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004955775,0.0001385542,0.0001751099,0.0002643074,0.0003669548,0.0002336853,0.0002435364,0.0004317424,0.000230302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002986548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008991259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7032466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8963493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998488,0.00001901389,0.000004513843,0.00003204314,0.00003564805,0.00005992376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993604,0.00004890973,0.0001108359,0.00002437871,0.0002134646,0.0002420726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000414943,0.0002793553,0.9854945,0.00001301686,0.00005463488,0.0003447527,0.001393128,0.0001158006,0.00715309,0.00001084316,0.0004248431,0.004301196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002082812,0.00006383895,0.9993873,0.000001305198,0.00000364276,0.0000175597,0.0002733683,0.00006306519,0.00005719399,0.000001086142,0.0001274822,0.000002044985],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996977,0.00003909409,0.00001372482,0.00001745654,0.000002092695,0.000003832093,0.00009922101,0.000001045596,0.0001257936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985526,0.00005003074,0.00004805558,0.00005690964,0.000003535725,0.000008390331,0.0003813539,0.00000109756,0.0008980041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7032466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.597002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153691863","doi":"10.1139/f01-166","title":"The impact of beaver impoundments on the water chemistry of two Appalachian streams","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Tributary; STREAMS; Hydrology (agriculture); Castor canadensis; Sink (geography); Acid neutralizing capacity; Environmental science; Dissolved organic carbon; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Acid deposition; Geology; Soil water; Soil science; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Brian E. Margolis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark S. Castro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard L. Raesly","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01534177924263688,"gpt":0.2159071292016787,"spread":0.2005653499590418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001840052,0.0003902633,0.0003757915,0.0007558837,0.001300437,0.0008706694,0.000279228,0.0003878814,0.0005285995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007689283,0.0002494217,0.0002168304,0.0008268987,0.0006793303,0.0003413391,0.0007818025,0.0004391586,0.000081996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009476647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006544736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06637616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1464542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996727,0.00006205355,0.00001784984,0.00006314146,0.0001035562,0.00008072696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995407,0.00008391711,0.0001137499,0.00002036941,0.0001315049,0.0001096749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007883575,0.0003368727,0.9426973,0.00006104029,0.0001077929,0.002340843,0.002873137,0.0006524099,0.03846279,0.0000937027,0.00009353404,0.01149227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008040397,0.0001793468,0.9963269,0.000004186124,0.00002973842,0.0001466746,0.001149892,0.0003721789,0.001548967,0.00002676817,0.0001984526,0.000008811637],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998209,0.0000134587,0.000016605,0.000003661984,6.900153e-7,0.00000304739,0.000009816617,9.696612e-7,0.0001308503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995486,0.0000502134,0.0001402821,0.00001280506,0.000001793835,0.00001122419,0.00006357904,6.968243e-7,0.0001707854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06637616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1319796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028482297","doi":"10.1139/b01-018","title":"Macrophyte succession in Minnesota beaver ponds","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Botany","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Northern Michigan University","keywords":"Macrophyte; Beaver; Ecological succession; Ecology; Species richness; Keystone species; Wetland; Biological dispersal; Ecosystem engineer; Habitat; Waterfowl; Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Biology; Population","authors":[{"name":"Andrew M. Ray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan J. Rebertus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heather L. Ray","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008371455471353878,"gpt":0.1925226735675624,"spread":0.1841512180962085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000199151,0.0001712979,0.0001286124,0.000725013,0.00049483,0.0003380186,0.0001585608,0.0001235857,0.0004857081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004766217,0.0001596235,0.0001139535,0.0003908799,0.0003355447,0.0002517966,0.0004483036,0.0001215172,0.00009453751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007995771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004569743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09998345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3747484,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998833,0.00001423371,0.0000093588,0.00004124392,0.00001840304,0.00003340372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996002,0.0000384134,0.0001532676,0.00002240224,0.00007057643,0.0001152098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005888898,0.00002725578,0.9916005,0.00001290312,0.00001268568,0.0001468141,0.0009537864,0.0001411156,0.004325855,0.00001986892,0.00005162756,0.002648648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001038379,0.00002692687,0.9992248,0.000003392278,0.00000429208,0.00007001257,0.0002377974,0.00016366,0.0001444204,0.000007468705,0.0001147729,0.000001461103],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997273,0.00002966239,0.00004242277,0.000002364023,5.063181e-7,0.000003059462,0.00006761557,0.000002044212,0.0001250699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996443,0.00002840499,0.00009829454,0.000003832992,4.254719e-7,0.000003050073,0.00008167421,7.073593e-7,0.0001393151],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09998345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1988029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3106470443","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abc5439","title":"Outsized effect of predation: Wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing ecosystem engineers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Beaver; Predation; Ecosystem; Wetland; Ecosystem engineer; Trophic cascade; Ecological succession; Ecology; Trophic level; Biology; Food web","authors":[{"name":"Thomas D. Gable","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sean Johnson‐Bice","is_ca":true},{"name":"Austin T. Homkes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steve K. Windels","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph K. Bump","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00453835283213828,"gpt":0.2107021090647463,"spread":0.206163756232608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002986541,0.0001817966,0.0001553687,0.0001959774,0.0002138739,0.0003273583,0.0001452065,0.0002199259,0.00100923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006746497,0.0000919311,0.0001313759,0.00006650709,0.0002686726,0.0002189413,0.0003273483,0.0002579899,0.00006900434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001648507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001167726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001604763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005831274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998316,0.00006852448,0.00001209449,0.00002897209,0.00002717583,0.00003176229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994404,0.0001872355,0.0001630369,0.00006509115,0.00005452393,0.00008971321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006018552,0.0004629821,0.8684099,0.00006370877,0.0001722532,0.0004651689,0.0005208837,0.0002740743,0.1070216,0.0003218684,0.0002363238,0.02144924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004054074,0.0003448595,0.9925289,0.000006752503,0.00002813286,0.0002703962,0.0002821711,0.0003577892,0.005789667,0.0001113843,0.0002727902,0.000003080779],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995548,0.00004721705,0.00006300843,0.00001337549,0.000001104779,0.000001028614,0.00000980305,0.000001212627,0.000308537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995938,0.00003608768,0.0001317375,0.0000239797,0.000001255453,0.000001477626,0.00001208664,6.300937e-7,0.0001988896],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001604763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003376186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138446583","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.017","title":"Beaver (Castor canadensis) as a surrogate species for conserving anuran amphibians on boreal streams in Alberta, Canada","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Conservation","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Conservation Association","keywords":"Beaver; Castor canadensis; Amphibian; Boreal; Ecology; Habitat; Taiga; Abundance (ecology); STREAMS; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Cameron E. Stevens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cynthia A. Paszkowski","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Lee Foote","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02310970422001837,"gpt":0.1993244464300243,"spread":0.176214742210006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001356943,0.0003287776,0.0003888586,0.001084423,0.002622913,0.001056894,0.001144398,0.0003760032,0.0004137716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001605213,0.0001747978,0.0001425869,0.000867115,0.0009093202,0.0003405586,0.0004885093,0.0004245807,0.00007137081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007677121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005644638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8821119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9883876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991818,0.0002705502,0.00002985929,0.0000977114,0.0002874956,0.0001325027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998743,0.00012334,0.0002812707,0.00005995095,0.0004706571,0.00032182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0043855,0.001751944,0.8886836,0.0002981852,0.0002558897,0.001121455,0.003996752,0.002995911,0.02838735,0.00143106,0.00406867,0.06262361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001206664,0.001097642,0.9807072,0.00007802974,0.0002361189,0.0003498014,0.005695822,0.004090411,0.00337526,0.0001854669,0.004026868,0.00003663488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984895,0.0002001275,0.0001246445,0.00004588009,0.00001089773,0.00003147467,0.00007511376,0.000005701808,0.001016608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977782,0.000139795,0.0009743662,0.00002711506,0.000002323944,0.0000160304,0.0001592299,0.000002385014,0.0009005817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1178881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2371647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985234244","doi":"10.1007/s13280-014-0575-y","title":"Beaver-mediated methane emission: The effects of population growth in Eurasia and the Americas","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AMBIO","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Beaver; Environmental science; Riparian zone; Population; Ecosystem; Methane; Wetland; Habitat; Greenhouse gas; Ecology; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Aquatic ecosystem; Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Colin J. Whitfield","is_ca":true},{"name":"Helen M. Baulch","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kwok Pan Chun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003931123932247776,"gpt":0.1939439524819103,"spread":0.1900128285496625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005680516,0.00021004,0.0002291521,0.0003360369,0.0001912077,0.0005129652,0.0003495067,0.0002696521,0.001382394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001297794,0.0001026657,0.0003558723,0.0004678321,0.0006121721,0.0005826939,0.0006506305,0.0002842154,0.00008920665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005868456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004834827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05363748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08095226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997422,0.0001134721,0.00001076867,0.0000595934,0.00001964131,0.00005427153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999292,0.0002200046,0.0001687097,0.000051423,0.00008772241,0.0001801427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001256224,0.0001344945,0.9714533,0.00003552474,0.0003578881,0.0002860337,0.0008558728,0.001406494,0.009025931,0.00105525,0.0003148042,0.01381815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007667645,0.00004500405,0.9976458,0.000004963841,0.00005320918,0.00003987427,0.000610165,0.0009614841,0.0002152706,0.0001630254,0.0002493252,0.000004167697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990684,0.0001155016,0.00003631796,0.00006377465,0.000002289871,7.153493e-7,0.00003920483,0.000001957967,0.0006718085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999697,0.00005861454,0.00003377097,0.0000142082,0.000002014209,8.390166e-7,0.00003841404,0.000001637019,0.0001534459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05363748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1066505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1551610058","doi":"10.1201/9780203495087","title":"Boreal Shield Watersheds","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Boreal; Shield; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Geography; Archaeology; Geotechnical engineering; Paleontology","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01046740028895271,"gpt":0.1783003057451592,"spread":0.1678329054562065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001302442,0.0003922326,0.0001474893,0.000590903,0.000619896,0.001071393,0.0003494693,0.000165417,0.04343735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001659366,0.0001524379,0.0001328769,0.001103367,0.0002150585,0.0007104832,0.0005350003,0.0003006112,0.005519313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008183725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001047955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09124024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2248706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999144,0.000005333859,0.000003722427,0.00001907827,0.0000455688,0.00001194856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999281,0.000005666739,0.000006835502,0.000006282056,0.00003945835,0.00001371986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004839534,0.00003624896,0.009260422,0.0002388649,0.00001408035,0.0003182688,0.0005365089,0.0005786104,0.002619603,0.05635554,0.4754972,0.4544962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003450745,0.000007305018,0.007253145,0.00002726921,0.000003257797,0.0001691163,0.00009070367,0.0000769734,0.0001513634,0.001258631,0.9909557,0.000003159662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01489339,0.007814001,0.00200717,0.001023625,0.0006385958,0.00007823556,0.003782341,0.001127643,0.968635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07755567,0.01131945,0.00845011,0.000580898,0.0002170448,0.00008036895,0.007424466,0.0002769252,0.8940951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09124024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1814183,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021732447","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18160.x","title":"The importance of aquatic vegetation in beaver diets and the seasonal and habitat specificity of aquatic‐terrestrial ecosystem linkages in a subarctic environment","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Beaver; Ecology; Terrestrial ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Habitat; Lake ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Food web; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Heather E. Milligan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Murray M. Humphries","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008589607701851217,"gpt":0.1972036498184194,"spread":0.1886140421165682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001681988,0.0001519874,0.0001671115,0.001037848,0.0003552884,0.000604538,0.0001431955,0.0001333712,0.0008086524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004258229,0.0001595569,0.0001180952,0.0005883168,0.0005036722,0.0002804328,0.000482916,0.0001708026,0.0001005977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003113535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002146725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01344501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06661418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999206,0.00001559912,0.000006383067,0.00002562325,0.00001162062,0.00002012562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994414,0.00008296665,0.0002734274,0.00002568567,0.00004785102,0.0001285875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001619658,0.00003928423,0.975639,0.00002866554,0.0000567868,0.0001253051,0.0005182446,0.0001505515,0.01832346,0.00004496063,0.00002833482,0.004883312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[2.037483e-7,0.00001085223,0.9997609,8.317311e-7,0.000003061556,0.00001765198,0.00009353126,0.00002800049,0.000057014,0.000006385712,0.000020866,6.399902e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996611,0.00006733985,0.00003435623,0.000002374075,3.353171e-7,6.530707e-7,0.00003364071,0.000001335619,0.0001988154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996899,0.0000516763,0.00008956598,0.000003721364,8.31152e-7,0.00000113571,0.00005702126,0.000001060731,0.0001051156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01344501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02673352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143727657","doi":"10.1007/s10933-004-7616-7","title":"A paleolimnological record of Holocene climate and environmental change in the Temagami region, northeastern Ontario","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Paleolimnology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Holocene; Holocene climatic optimum; Eutrophication; Palynology; Pollen; Ecology; Subfossil; Geology; Macrofossil; Paleolimnology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Robert E. A. Boudreau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jennifer M. Galloway","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Timothy Patterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arun Kumar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frederick A. Michel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02846312884740984,"gpt":0.2171361047091621,"spread":0.1886729758617523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002142098,0.0001039586,0.0001689444,0.001233494,0.002696329,0.000771535,0.0005358444,0.0001867601,0.001367545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007112894,0.0002051222,0.0001055862,0.002934674,0.0007944548,0.0003712272,0.0007447359,0.000243202,0.0001327939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009397689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01149116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9828787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9979689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998796,0.000009937909,0.00001003247,0.00002505792,0.00003262725,0.00004273465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994321,0.00004591268,0.000138106,0.00002246804,0.0002614167,0.0001000048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001327393,0.00002241813,0.9530846,0.0001248263,0.00005628,0.0004317396,0.0259448,0.0002482015,0.004567301,0.0004707043,0.001352255,0.01356406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001786384,0.000004092592,0.993468,0.00001522138,0.000009348029,0.00005005861,0.003272556,0.00006739464,0.00008999866,0.00001626148,0.003002307,0.000002927478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951362,0.0002793361,0.00007058738,0.0001201412,0.000002578468,0.00001269557,0.000957594,0.0000038922,0.003417047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974534,0.0002754781,0.0001551543,0.00002388501,0.000002163311,0.000009213956,0.0004390735,0.000003565989,0.001638126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01712132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06818533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175897719","doi":"10.2980/i1195-6860-13-2-164.1","title":"Riparian disturbance due to beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) in Alberta’s boreal mixedwood forests: Implications for forest management","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecoscience","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Riparian zone; Castor canadensis; Environmental science; Ecology; Riparian buffer; Taiga; Riparian forest; Forest management; Logging; Boreal; Habitat; Chronosequence; Disturbance (geology); Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Forestry; Ecological succession; Agroforestry; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Kathryn A. Martell","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Lee Foote","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steve G. Cumming","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007144475651463252,"gpt":0.202448640341248,"spread":0.1953041646897847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002915779,0.0002014441,0.0001278666,0.0008347147,0.0009072765,0.0007970504,0.0004643005,0.0002115299,0.0008347052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004456248,0.0001040638,0.0001613731,0.0008234127,0.0006217649,0.0001651435,0.0003673974,0.0002155762,0.0000751428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004909306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002895505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7844479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.955433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998179,0.00002126787,0.000007448428,0.00002861599,0.00004644461,0.00007835761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995092,0.00003571528,0.0001546839,0.00001364807,0.00009316493,0.0001935944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001506035,0.000102149,0.9870003,0.0000202055,0.00003672167,0.0004103823,0.0004728356,0.0003499776,0.002268874,0.00006949693,0.000403746,0.008714795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002082332,0.00001172525,0.9992225,0.000002843537,0.000005808754,0.00003322187,0.0004582771,0.00009025129,0.00004551639,0.00000912943,0.000116799,0.000001883443],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988218,0.0001432314,0.0000279244,0.00005224029,0.000003095832,0.000007276016,0.0001119289,0.000003898293,0.0008284523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993657,0.0001146798,0.00007362509,0.00003048919,0.000003144267,0.000003329795,0.0001468727,9.625031e-7,0.0002611775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2155521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.433643,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307888916","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14222","title":"The ghosts of ecosystem engineers: Legacy effects of biogenic modifications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functional Ecology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Montana State University; National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Texas Tech University","keywords":"Ecosystem engineer; Ecosystem; Biodiversity; Ecology; Species richness; Ecosystem services; Habitat; Biology; Resource (disambiguation); Environmental resource management; Keystone species; Computer science; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Lindsey K. Albertson","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. S. Sklar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benjamin B. Tumolo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wyatt F. Cross","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott F. Collins","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Arthur Woods","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007201727459477715,"gpt":0.17164933040678,"spread":0.1644476029473022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002017405,0.0002392334,0.0003946612,0.001228028,0.0006861874,0.003192708,0.0003865214,0.0009844314,0.003626033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004239817,0.0001333726,0.0003782586,0.001428238,0.002025939,0.003606763,0.001769659,0.001390085,0.000430693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000818752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006160244,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001797224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004554447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991546,0.0003551531,0.00005386986,0.0001121329,0.0002664587,0.00005788731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940169,0.003968256,0.0008375175,0.0002791471,0.0007134377,0.000184709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003260249,0.0001071059,0.04268364,0.008311193,0.0005501413,0.001917634,0.01179697,0.001175166,0.005497286,0.1245571,0.09386299,0.7092147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002685678,0.000245374,0.068537,0.009481695,0.000412479,0.002700335,0.01356824,0.0009591893,0.003966432,0.103816,0.7961449,0.000141494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.157007,0.6546292,0.01135369,0.07603155,0.006686249,0.00005114994,0.0007131257,0.0001336098,0.09339457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.648199,0.3064069,0.004873113,0.02035965,0.003451898,0.00003818798,0.0003293528,0.00007677442,0.01626507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003626033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01213026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001509031","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7249","title":"Beaver dams along an agricultural stream in southern Ontario, Canada: their impact on riparian zone hydrology and nitrogen chemistry","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrological Processes","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Riparian zone; Beaver; Hydrology (agriculture); Water table; Groundwater; Environmental science; Nitrate; Wetland; Geology; Ecology; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Alan R. Hill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tim P. Duval","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00924757338735857,"gpt":0.194207325730372,"spread":0.1849597523430135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337634,0.000124612,0.0001252864,0.0003476488,0.0008634182,0.0004965495,0.0002306239,0.0001737012,0.0009231441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005746158,0.0001231493,0.0001089596,0.0005170341,0.0005036175,0.0001243362,0.0003288466,0.000151416,0.00006651794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009008846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009311732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9309529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9913073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998153,0.00001352486,0.000005083459,0.00002291767,0.00007330831,0.00006984329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993379,0.00004269891,0.0001548653,0.00001425353,0.0002152926,0.0002349988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001854343,0.00004948444,0.977212,0.00003827612,0.00003452496,0.0006594101,0.00153842,0.0007407692,0.006421587,0.0001170079,0.0006344685,0.01236869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000024337,0.00002559471,0.9981441,0.000003863976,0.000005203854,0.00002189295,0.0007090852,0.0001846063,0.0001633624,0.00001038069,0.0007267163,0.000002771776],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989767,0.00004609405,0.00003370477,0.00003461998,0.000001495253,0.000006808839,0.0001177941,0.000004294461,0.0007784148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986401,0.00007190642,0.000108732,0.00001549185,8.59141e-7,0.000003987016,0.0001026039,0.00000116206,0.001055203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06904709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1389074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240932216","doi":"10.1139/z99-226","title":"Dispersal pattern and effective population size of the beaver","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Beaver; Biology; Population; Ecology; Castor canadensis; Zoology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Lixing Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dietland Müller‐Schwarze","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce A. Schulte","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003086863858475325,"gpt":0.1634622310425711,"spread":0.1603753671840958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002099209,0.00007777634,0.0001352242,0.0008404548,0.000210307,0.0002538118,0.0001616247,0.00007887954,0.000584874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001142018,0.0000907772,0.00004751909,0.0003182968,0.0001814932,0.0001853487,0.0001365348,0.0001178248,0.0001202458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000327309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001239486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03530075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09420256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999088,0.00001389668,0.000006324072,0.00003252767,0.00002031027,0.00001812908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995221,0.0000965525,0.0001812853,0.00003340956,0.00008669201,0.00007993407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006315388,0.00002640027,0.9847564,0.00001245324,0.00003217921,0.0001924367,0.0003612259,0.0003347635,0.004523373,0.00007677427,0.0001782481,0.009442685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002853883,0.00002289745,0.9989636,0.000003277587,0.000005967441,0.0001975354,0.00006347981,0.0003932707,0.000103056,0.00002900467,0.0002123241,0.000002802696],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995974,0.00008058828,0.00006677461,0.000005747799,7.253425e-7,0.000001054946,0.0000633016,0.000001830545,0.0001825576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995335,0.00005890743,0.000105323,0.000002580355,0.000001316723,0.000001693128,0.0001424956,0.000001184423,0.0001530168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03530075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07019055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070607165","doi":"10.4296/cwrj3604846","title":"Hyporheic Flows Along a Channelled Peatland: Influence of Beaver Dams","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Saskatchewan; University of Calgary","keywords":"Riparian zone; Peat; Beaver; Hyporheic zone; Hydrology (agriculture); STREAMS; Environmental science; Hydraulic conductivity; Stream restoration; Geology; Surface water; Soil science; Ecology; Soil water; Environmental engineering; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"K. F. Janzen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01597916379274045,"gpt":0.1756521762706071,"spread":0.1596730124778666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001494241,0.0001326208,0.0001460024,0.0003670268,0.000259994,0.0004097895,0.000129911,0.0001301134,0.0004289307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007114303,0.00008836811,0.0001022676,0.0002138243,0.0003755924,0.0001648336,0.0002267719,0.00011425,0.00003821898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007591455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007622794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1157186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2099609,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998934,0.00002374343,0.000006413071,0.00002249761,0.00002044681,0.00003334581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996196,0.0001036385,0.00009527271,0.00001990013,0.00006965303,0.00009181022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003777302,0.00007680139,0.9141815,0.00002923125,0.00007713956,0.0008591359,0.0006412846,0.008407605,0.0579147,0.0002748602,0.000160487,0.0169996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002844162,0.00004269701,0.9952475,0.000003589136,0.00001667167,0.00007415048,0.0002378389,0.002924115,0.001195514,0.00004685139,0.0002017265,0.000006431235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999779,0.00001145122,0.00004058485,0.000004161659,3.914051e-7,7.670725e-7,0.00001254016,0.000002782672,0.0001482137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998292,0.00001577455,0.00005922858,0.000002078676,3.137418e-7,6.900106e-7,0.00001075182,0.000001046379,0.0000809531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1157186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2300901,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177667855","doi":"10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[302:hdobcc]2.0.co;2","title":"Habitat dynamics of beaver Castor canadensis at two spatial scales","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wildlife Biology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Castor canadensis; Deciduous; Habitat; Ecology; Taiga; Ecological succession; Geography; Flooding (psychology); Biology","authors":[{"name":"Terho Hyvönen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petri Nummi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01314903335403012,"gpt":0.2111604192970473,"spread":0.1980113859430172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001588154,0.000205343,0.0002305344,0.001202346,0.001040654,0.0005265293,0.0004613571,0.0001520306,0.0006524508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005891777,0.0001211184,0.0001205202,0.001055553,0.0004491103,0.0002149134,0.0005121554,0.0001824437,0.00008273272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002444114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001191955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7833343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9532565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998248,0.00001464105,0.00000438051,0.00004314664,0.00004384805,0.00006909993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996102,0.00003345574,0.0001263676,0.00001758926,0.00009789296,0.0001144868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008711644,0.0000577603,0.9815499,0.00002837337,0.00004511863,0.0002400612,0.002013983,0.0004360191,0.003233736,0.0001121095,0.0002316411,0.01196413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001933786,0.00002143445,0.998482,0.00000476713,0.00001019232,0.00007865349,0.0007256836,0.0002358393,0.00007075693,0.00001627225,0.0003480368,0.000004396539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995039,0.00008647352,0.00002786243,0.00000803803,5.819115e-7,0.000002659856,0.00005793301,0.000001532802,0.0003111484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995222,0.00006788959,0.0001036413,0.000004771609,7.107165e-7,0.000002289777,0.0001225437,6.326026e-7,0.0001753332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7833343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4358835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W123546154","doi":"10.14321/j.ctt1mtz6pt.19","title":"The offshore fish community in southern Lake Ontario, 1972-1998","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Michigan State University Press eBooks","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Submarine pipeline; Geography; Oceanography; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Randall W. Owens","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. O’Gormanl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas H. Eckert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian F. Lantry","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01948217359881047,"gpt":0.1717408922897406,"spread":0.1522587186909302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001350119,0.0001885693,0.0001531404,0.001229352,0.001942832,0.0008485909,0.0004064764,0.0001758666,0.003359239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003256015,0.0002389521,0.0001338627,0.004250756,0.0006764057,0.0004923377,0.0005826675,0.000177953,0.0004324627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01363484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01101322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9742479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998745,0.000004209688,0.000006218858,0.00001707532,0.00006188027,0.00003618919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999827,0.000009652849,0.00004398619,0.000003995083,0.0000756913,0.00003972942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001854912,0.00002882323,0.6009593,0.0006337549,0.0000796864,0.001355372,0.04313072,0.0009310852,0.002323761,0.004617398,0.07108619,0.2746685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002512034,0.000006972969,0.9103099,0.00005955093,0.0000109341,0.0001224934,0.003645766,0.00008545534,0.00009999665,0.00009227791,0.08555884,0.000005481902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8516024,0.02676685,0.0004733598,0.002991558,0.0001291814,0.00005637342,0.01525506,0.00007938782,0.1026459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.751293,0.01350148,0.0008491942,0.0001883,0.0000553316,0.00004070992,0.004034363,0.00003263217,0.2300049],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02575207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09892815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027998847","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01286.x","title":"Stream flow, salmon and beaver dams: roles in the structuring of stream fish communities within an anadromous salmon dominated stream","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Animal Ecology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fish migration; Beaver; Species richness; Salmo; Species evenness; Ecology; Fishery; Oncorhynchus; Electrofishing; Biology; Geography; Abundance (ecology); Fish <Actinopterygii>; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"S.C. Mitchell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard A. Cunjak","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01260632134222873,"gpt":0.2331930209641492,"spread":0.2205866996219205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005338147,0.0001462504,0.0001548703,0.0006681975,0.0003389287,0.000608777,0.0002057083,0.0002155532,0.000838072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001305249,0.00012956,0.000114599,0.0004244692,0.0005463616,0.0003961255,0.000372071,0.0001557661,0.00008782401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004222273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007421068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01963511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06391565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997779,0.00009359727,0.00001617104,0.00003349366,0.00003841499,0.0000405016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990581,0.0001866886,0.0003071545,0.00001919089,0.000100809,0.0003281745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000171702,0.00003433831,0.9886422,0.00002496422,0.00003885233,0.00008449039,0.0004927292,0.0001423908,0.00316189,0.000176411,0.00008504164,0.006944969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002475693,0.00006405912,0.9990559,0.000005228167,0.00001166123,0.00003286838,0.0002637156,0.0003043302,0.00006710285,0.00005457578,0.0001346076,0.000003593804],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994,0.0001686287,0.00007001196,0.00003106652,0.00000138272,0.00000268614,0.00002215569,0.000002352642,0.0003016205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995214,0.00007708777,0.0001686008,0.00001085721,0.000003508447,0.000003079138,0.00002883742,0.000001002083,0.0001858158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01963511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03904164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014234614","doi":"10.1139/cjz-78-3-393","title":"Dispersal pattern and effective population size of the beaver","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Beaver; Biology; Population; Ecology; Castor canadensis; Home range; Habitat; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Lixing Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dietland Müller‐Schwarze","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce A. Schulte","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003086863858475325,"gpt":0.1634622310425711,"spread":0.1603753671840958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002099137,0.00007976424,0.0001371008,0.0008791115,0.0002209453,0.0002563657,0.0001695339,0.0000780272,0.0005831086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001124987,0.0000898777,0.00004918981,0.0003399066,0.0001810656,0.000190869,0.0001420666,0.0001211011,0.0001246517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003518333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001286815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03883205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1036702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999057,0.00001384317,0.00000659533,0.00003505168,0.0000207924,0.00001813258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999516,0.00009521579,0.0001821416,0.00003378493,0.00009142991,0.00008137949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005631711,0.00002525156,0.9862816,0.00001171461,0.00003046285,0.0001661483,0.0003211147,0.0003034312,0.00380192,0.00007059062,0.000162437,0.008768986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002693665,0.00002164977,0.9990268,0.000003184631,0.00000559559,0.0001895942,0.00006174371,0.000362052,0.00009548191,0.000027744,0.0002009694,0.0000026859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995741,0.00008585719,0.00006863075,0.000005765079,7.639793e-7,0.000001149935,0.00007130958,0.000001841923,0.0001906886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999503,0.00006238692,0.0001116848,0.000002679242,0.000001375714,0.000001882144,0.0001618675,0.000001243144,0.0001537798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03883205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0772121,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158980953","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147333","title":"Beaver dams: How structure, flow state, and landscape setting regulate water storage and release","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Beaver; Dam removal; Castor canadensis; Ecosystem engineer; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Context (archaeology); Ecosystem; Flood myth; Geography; Ecology; Sediment; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Amanda Lee Ronnquist","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004231071158910769,"gpt":0.1637251674047158,"spread":0.159494096245805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009605478,0.000222991,0.0003384605,0.0004795184,0.0004498458,0.002882963,0.0006586868,0.0007964609,0.003086372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004030267,0.0004003946,0.0002646844,0.0004158732,0.001570688,0.00169624,0.001164612,0.0005156843,0.0002119943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006342602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008374207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01706281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0308035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995564,0.0002043701,0.00001231441,0.00009185451,0.00004817899,0.00008701007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989505,0.0005017467,0.0001867782,0.00008234525,0.0001256698,0.000153068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001357131,0.0006979829,0.5275762,0.0003971694,0.0009316842,0.001118343,0.009933141,0.05667568,0.1068264,0.1298052,0.009203636,0.1554775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008996414,0.0003797388,0.8142962,0.00008946593,0.0005409093,0.0004089075,0.006048475,0.09841976,0.00527192,0.06757168,0.006666872,0.0002161192],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832718,0.0003975405,0.009187214,0.0007085111,0.0000320518,0.00001228225,0.0001020746,0.0000741485,0.006214568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980425,0.0001280759,0.000972072,0.00005588918,0.000005236619,0.000004704983,0.00002125846,0.00001961491,0.0007506717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01706281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03392696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1874914962","doi":"10.14288/1.0104005","title":"Bankslanders : economy and ecology of a frontier trapping community","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frontier; Ecology; Geography; Trapping; Economics; Economic geography; Biology; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Peter J. Usher","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01208685327323826,"gpt":0.1453802697650542,"spread":0.1332934164918159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003993971,0.000106082,0.0001272965,0.00116122,0.00322661,0.002307896,0.0005285381,0.0003690314,0.005667113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006583208,0.0002266748,0.00005214037,0.001928201,0.002305625,0.00099338,0.001668814,0.0003274847,0.0003494936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003312122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005018066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3299992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6524369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996291,0.0001087346,0.000009219747,0.00005983328,0.0000623547,0.0001307322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991597,0.000109347,0.0001461658,0.00001488283,0.00009633294,0.0004736173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001884054,0.0003596774,0.8063754,0.0001075714,0.00002437267,0.001531802,0.09834597,0.0002178089,0.001768218,0.01486431,0.00814562,0.06807082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001546951,0.0001046054,0.8881381,0.00007672124,0.000006657681,0.0002890626,0.09705558,0.0004390691,0.00007801114,0.0008851074,0.01289758,0.00001402724],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895837,0.0002771274,0.0000530175,0.0006355291,0.000003990007,0.00001454963,0.0001579041,0.000002322761,0.009271765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947857,0.0006506326,0.0002246351,0.00006394398,0.000008860669,0.00001791589,0.00013774,0.000002243869,0.004108176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6700008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6561568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2492147840","doi":"10.5962/bhl.title.114294","title":"Status of the Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) in Alberta : update 2010 /","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alberta Conservation Association","keywords":"Ursus; Grizzly Bears; Geography; Ursus maritimus; Environmental health; Meteorology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"John L. Kansas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marco Festa‐Bianchet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009405960985509816,"gpt":0.1938584193317563,"spread":0.1844524583462465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009490557,0.001002266,0.0004959191,0.004468851,0.0007055165,0.001377441,0.002394306,0.0008839167,0.008617389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009619577,0.0003525844,0.0003199821,0.006163843,0.0006553,0.0007755687,0.0007644337,0.0009614908,0.002394314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008387272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01862017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9392186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9766729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995489,0.00001228556,0.0000268853,0.00003365528,0.0003034541,0.00007476591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998704,0.00006264168,0.0001133572,0.00002170424,0.0009295587,0.0001687555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009157976,0.00003323093,0.01100703,0.001909178,0.00004471164,0.0002802946,0.0003520179,0.000510625,0.0003974748,0.000752445,0.7304956,0.2541259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001222957,0.00003296158,0.06295226,0.001021106,0.0001403259,0.0003815797,0.0006705162,0.0001615649,0.0003609111,0.0002984274,0.9339405,0.00002755803],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02955708,0.6282405,0.00132146,0.01635797,0.01494541,0.0001922995,0.1023865,0.001293036,0.2057057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0965059,0.4359011,0.007897568,0.005739502,0.004220367,0.0001280942,0.127585,0.0002729671,0.3217496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06078142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1222787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2523130678","doi":"10.5194/hess-21-1039-2017","title":"Rapid surface-water volume estimations in beaver ponds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrology and earth system sciences","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Forest Service; Division of Environmental Biology; Utah State University; U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; University of Calgary; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Beaver; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Surface water; Water storage; Geology; Ecology; Geomorphology; Environmental engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Daniel J. Karran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph M. Wheaton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carol A. Johnston","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angela Bedard‐Haughn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02122033232572309,"gpt":0.2194039323823464,"spread":0.1981836000566233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003075504,0.0003128526,0.0003599826,0.001786846,0.0002107632,0.0004933554,0.0003319055,0.0001489116,0.0005859706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001178097,0.0001708778,0.0002207362,0.001222397,0.000236717,0.0005856962,0.0005869268,0.0001738124,0.0001429124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002896354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002001932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005492011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997539,0.00004293699,0.00001470303,0.00008505588,0.00008159845,0.00002186483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938,0.0001669003,0.0002034097,0.00006529537,0.0001452307,0.00003914665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001978606,0.00005030842,0.8411782,0.0001656334,0.0001248108,0.0002468924,0.001250866,0.00859686,0.06296476,0.0002381053,0.0003185697,0.0846672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008996961,0.00008485335,0.9656186,0.00001717851,0.00003491266,0.0002665761,0.0004714936,0.02634032,0.005983802,0.0003466844,0.0008049549,0.00002169708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913833,0.00008742286,0.007492092,0.000004294818,0.000002363028,0.00002899158,0.0002829345,0.00009487888,0.0006238179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990315,0.00005937371,0.009126385,0.000004292924,0.000002108392,0.00002680016,0.0003053341,0.00001038223,0.0001502783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005492011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01092005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1565687668","doi":"10.5962/p.363741","title":"Effects of Beaver, Castor canadensis, herbivory on streamside vegetation in a northern Ontario watershed","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Castor canadensis; Watershed; Vegetation (pathology); Herbivore; Geography; Environmental science; Ecology; Forestry; Solidago canadensis; Hydrology (agriculture); Biology; Geology; Invasive species","authors":[{"name":"D. M. Barnes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Azim U. Mallik","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00782038111864879,"gpt":0.1824943061693693,"spread":0.1746739250507205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001461056,0.0001580572,0.0002003884,0.0005366867,0.002000895,0.0006230358,0.000356396,0.0002317759,0.001252815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000534367,0.0001445862,0.0001168384,0.000538876,0.0006421507,0.0001674388,0.0004383975,0.0002190217,0.00009111682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005817805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003270616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8799108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9877154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998623,0.00001797373,0.000004955889,0.00001857563,0.00003911582,0.00005707538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995053,0.00004463486,0.00008763953,0.00001343778,0.0001106811,0.0002382669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006482619,0.0002405798,0.9697564,0.00003696863,0.00008482388,0.0009116574,0.004057253,0.0005007514,0.01540281,0.0003464851,0.001001435,0.007012547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005137886,0.00003278832,0.9975039,0.000004090915,0.00001415792,0.00005998019,0.001540366,0.0001486645,0.0001768213,0.00002054609,0.0004904917,0.000003075133],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992166,0.00001886566,0.000006526773,0.00001367726,6.68105e-7,0.000001928891,0.00003585168,0.000001254227,0.0007045114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989927,0.0000485795,0.00003110499,0.000011093,6.589437e-7,0.000001777183,0.00006682892,0.000001034192,0.00084618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1200892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2415929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146502183","doi":"10.1666/06085.1","title":"Woodcutting behavior in beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia): estimating ecological performance in a modern and a fossil taxon","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paleobiology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Castor canadensis; Transect; Assemblage (archaeology); Ecology; Taxon; Biology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Natalia Rybczynski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02021211819195066,"gpt":0.2117756786226442,"spread":0.1915635604306935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001905432,0.0002334797,0.000148269,0.0007730029,0.000346605,0.0002940233,0.0002349283,0.0001539944,0.0005321694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005165068,0.0001548017,0.00007709683,0.0003388328,0.0003873666,0.0001527389,0.000256002,0.0001259774,0.0001145316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004843682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002363378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1005534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4442119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998972,0.00001380553,0.000004788752,0.0000256044,0.00002495534,0.00003366868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996535,0.00003090046,0.0001371958,0.0000206706,0.00005315583,0.0001046218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005520523,0.00003860163,0.9885083,0.00001300497,0.00001924937,0.00004074595,0.0006070461,0.00003556709,0.005576388,0.00001310854,0.00003097702,0.005061789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.601181e-7,0.0000321208,0.9995754,0.000001343164,0.000002892739,0.00005595885,0.0001536469,0.00003244666,0.00009689214,0.000002305242,0.00004541945,0.000001066343],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998403,0.00003374532,0.00001638695,0.000001197742,1.946753e-7,9.744115e-7,0.00001739491,0.000001026359,0.00008885073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996002,0.0000452224,0.0001648557,0.000003440793,5.59731e-7,0.000001425884,0.00007372592,6.315242e-7,0.0001098322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1005534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1999363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2529331856","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.045","title":"Alteration of hydrogeomorphic processes by invasive beavers in southern South America","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Saskatchewan; Colorado State University","keywords":"Beaver; Castor canadensis; Ecosystem engineer; Keystone species; Riparian zone; Ecology; Habitat; Geography; Population; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true},{"name":"David J. Cooper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher B. Anderson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007231781744787978,"gpt":0.1671743885637493,"spread":0.1599426068189614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001927861,0.0001616073,0.0002167138,0.0008609019,0.0008073397,0.0005665562,0.0002445387,0.0002463117,0.0009048518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007640662,0.0001662901,0.0001264197,0.0008285879,0.000893217,0.0005518384,0.0007412208,0.000239178,0.00006995538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006457379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004385595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08092459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.293915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998975,0.00001989056,0.000005876453,0.00003245946,0.0000174757,0.00002682475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995648,0.0000771112,0.0001546146,0.00003031378,0.00007637151,0.0000967502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001088432,0.00004384495,0.9762689,0.00002411305,0.00005324429,0.0002620321,0.006056677,0.000205751,0.01173291,0.0001113724,0.00006258425,0.005069684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.193988e-7,0.000004831384,0.9986733,0.000001393267,0.000002746331,0.00003037821,0.001105128,0.00005905223,0.00003577892,0.00001821341,0.00006704991,0.000001270558],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999795,0.00001508221,0.0000127284,0.000008230745,2.922082e-7,7.255994e-7,0.00000991556,8.545363e-7,0.0001571794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998327,0.00002861104,0.00002497653,0.000005826026,6.66295e-7,0.000001327478,0.00002229915,9.703396e-7,0.0000824727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08092459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1609071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765329541","doi":"10.1002/eco.1923","title":"Beaver‐mediated water table dynamics in a Rocky Mountain fen","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecohydrology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan; University of Calgary","keywords":"Beaver; Peat; Water table; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Wetland; Groundwater; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Daniel J. Karran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cherie J. Westbrook","is_ca":true},{"name":"Angela Bedard‐Haughn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006650461817595461,"gpt":0.1981847571665235,"spread":0.1915342953489281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001889972,0.00009723142,0.0001643031,0.0002646751,0.0003408434,0.0002770263,0.0001819735,0.0001397287,0.0006743409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003847937,0.00006706097,0.00009785098,0.0001689099,0.0002447519,0.0001962747,0.0002656985,0.0001356549,0.00004588342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003341617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002342149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01143834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02383158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999365,0.000015931,0.000003105015,0.00001545296,0.00001089646,0.00001814812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996911,0.00004967156,0.0001143867,0.00001615381,0.00005706109,0.0000715716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005854919,0.0002375582,0.8212339,0.00005058703,0.00008744706,0.001003766,0.002396726,0.002096867,0.156757,0.0002035774,0.0002418459,0.01510517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000231733,0.0001608688,0.9947364,0.000003650609,0.00001102131,0.00009065852,0.0005299583,0.001012049,0.002964399,0.00005443349,0.0004271,0.000007197246],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998226,0.00001110153,0.00004571736,0.000003426788,3.983893e-7,8.055901e-7,0.00001657108,0.000001858172,0.00009759603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999785,0.000008990857,0.00007633211,0.000002654025,4.129689e-7,0.000001860684,0.00002213486,5.146161e-7,0.0001021655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01143834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02274352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974479711","doi":"10.1111/j.1463-5224.2003.00307.x","title":"Normal ocular features, conjunctival microflora and intraocular pressure in the Canadian beaver (<i>Castor canadensis</i>)","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Castor canadensis; Biology; Beaver; Intraocular pressure; Anatomy; Ophthalmology; Medicine; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Cheryl L. Cullen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01541969278775337,"gpt":0.2167902329162046,"spread":0.2013705401284512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001388952,0.0004985064,0.0002273961,0.001126668,0.001612031,0.0004300718,0.0004015191,0.0003081597,0.001597281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005515555,0.0002020017,0.0001407888,0.0006901951,0.0007718469,0.0001763458,0.0003090323,0.0002854581,0.0002705145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00246691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002307806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8016157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9132994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997423,0.000009185123,0.000008971066,0.00004754151,0.0001005779,0.0000913583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996678,0.0000192952,0.0000731551,0.00001518744,0.0001144964,0.0001100276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004851754,0.0002295829,0.9443287,0.00008038355,0.00006202958,0.003488241,0.00145078,0.0001553943,0.03486916,0.0001096374,0.0008073855,0.0139336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006665109,0.0001774139,0.9955817,0.00001024357,0.00001639413,0.002017588,0.001069215,0.00009474824,0.0004427278,0.00001253988,0.0005614079,0.000009398369],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987001,0.00009405847,0.00005318709,0.00001840333,0.000003630569,0.00001292258,0.0002223,0.00000467799,0.0008907642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998621,0.0001117002,0.0002557793,0.00002837034,0.000002664676,0.000005389783,0.0002973783,0.000002419276,0.0006753183],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1983843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3991052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995390095","doi":"10.1890/08-1885.1","title":"Linking populations to landscapes: richness scenarios resulting from changes in the dynamics of an ecosystem engineer","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Species richness; Ecosystem engineer; Ecology; Beaver; Ecosystem; Habitat; Riparian zone; Species diversity; Population; Biodiversity; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Justin P. Wright","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01503799205584056,"gpt":0.2263641756724832,"spread":0.2113261836166426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002373691,0.0005496395,0.0004484815,0.0008834002,0.0005619507,0.001451854,0.001105561,0.001767701,0.002561149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00803557,0.0003655787,0.0008307445,0.0007624152,0.0009601736,0.002082103,0.001462362,0.001015086,0.0001508447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002156463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004206701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01389828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01049818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999428,0.00037022,0.00001822996,0.00006768067,0.00003474456,0.00008108554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971492,0.001949804,0.0003094489,0.000154798,0.0001215638,0.0003152321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003823658,0.0002101224,0.02074904,0.00003579277,0.00009143665,0.0003427093,0.0001764755,0.9664087,0.0006049449,0.007882137,0.0005582192,0.002558032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000161774,0.0002559893,0.005880379,0.0000114683,0.00006339542,0.00006037562,0.0003666817,0.9763076,0.0002805681,0.01620632,0.0003658157,0.0000396183],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922145,0.00004126807,0.003842627,0.0004397987,0.0000121015,0.0000445893,0.0003782562,0.00004261937,0.002984322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977684,0.00003763353,0.001651511,0.00005113637,0.000003278906,0.00004097551,0.0001373171,0.000006812827,0.0003029174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01389828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0276348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1509733509","doi":"10.7202/032647ar","title":"Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Vertebrates and Paleoenvironments on the Southern High Plains, U.S.A.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Géographie physique et Quaternaire","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Texas Tech University; Earthwatch Institute; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Pluvial; Fauna; Holocene; Pleistocene; Geology; Holocene climatic optimum; Radiocarbon dating; Paleontology; Period (music); Vertebrate; Glacial period; Geography; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Eileen Johnson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008374957419764536,"gpt":0.1963655925540859,"spread":0.1879906351343214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001243821,0.0002546731,0.0001434016,0.0008719508,0.0003379272,0.0004950013,0.0001412688,0.0001243749,0.002722014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001752588,0.0001065311,0.0001227055,0.001551713,0.0002005671,0.0003144667,0.000198462,0.0001177827,0.0003634917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002905875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009534894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02805478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1319943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999365,0.0000106761,0.000005844333,0.00001630151,0.00001957826,0.00001114778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999113,0.00001117075,0.00003444887,0.000002473914,0.00002730447,0.00001324299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009275427,0.0000400885,0.3868103,0.004377545,0.0003388487,0.001128606,0.003473327,0.0007634428,0.01124695,0.0020136,0.02234614,0.5673683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003261683,0.00004129846,0.9231229,0.0005088999,0.00008345638,0.0004093196,0.0007692818,0.00005584272,0.0002552738,0.0001388383,0.07460662,0.000004936991],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4628944,0.4909886,0.0009432851,0.001798224,0.0002474418,0.00005634162,0.005568158,0.0001114782,0.03739205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6311089,0.3462087,0.001857657,0.0007076801,0.0002104926,0.00004314818,0.003958451,0.00001620576,0.01588875],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02805478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05578297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157541163","doi":"","title":"ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE BEAVER INTRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Americanae (AECID Library)","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Beaver; Castor canadensis; Geography; Population; Archaeology; Scrutiny; Ecology; Biology; Demography; Sociology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Alejandro G. Pietrek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Fasola","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004982412634462588,"gpt":0.1502257575212251,"spread":0.1452433448867625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003147772,0.00008315096,0.000156777,0.001235368,0.001222595,0.0006782435,0.0002541021,0.0002870661,0.001691673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001008313,0.0001643073,0.0001137918,0.001000686,0.0007976016,0.0004250711,0.0006864056,0.0006282119,0.000137567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001617929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001354021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2224109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5345931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998437,0.00002743072,0.000008259745,0.0000540395,0.00003008521,0.00003650437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988672,0.0001884018,0.0003878975,0.00005365469,0.00026868,0.0002342428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001237916,0.00005860011,0.9545681,0.00006716941,0.00004707049,0.0008266598,0.009080242,0.0001078669,0.007310803,0.0004393012,0.0003517036,0.02701862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001404904,0.00001465698,0.9964155,0.00002404397,0.000009612339,0.0002353804,0.001690286,0.00003952342,0.0001187323,0.00004633514,0.00139861,0.000005915894],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969301,0.0003880076,0.00005819517,0.00009075401,0.000003899953,0.000005618075,0.00006928435,0.000003815643,0.002450366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998456,0.0006192548,0.0001330936,0.00006066501,0.000004571453,0.000004985218,0.0001147278,0.000003639328,0.0006031126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2224109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4422325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165660172","doi":"10.1139/f05-268","title":"The influence of fall-spawning coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) on growth and production of juvenile coho salmon rearing in beaver ponds on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oncorhynchus; Juvenile; Fishery; Beaver; Delta; Biology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Ecology; Animal science","authors":[{"name":"Dirk W. Lang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gordon H. Reeves","is_ca":false},{"name":"James D. Hall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark S. Wipfli","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01004021816794301,"gpt":0.1871389975874737,"spread":0.1770987794195307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001557201,0.0002150152,0.0001414954,0.0001658366,0.0003983543,0.0003436221,0.0001348943,0.000108975,0.0006411399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003979402,0.000109151,0.0001472715,0.0001223128,0.0003108608,0.0001528145,0.0002848059,0.0001903692,0.0001084381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009542297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007668033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07196524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2232363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998999,0.00001738124,0.000007078361,0.00002185483,0.00002233096,0.00003151129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996169,0.00004886889,0.0001020099,0.00001567622,0.00006913321,0.0001474171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009742075,0.0002295358,0.8886845,0.00004679269,0.00008204514,0.0003692547,0.0008292847,0.0005534499,0.0960682,0.00004469958,0.0002882458,0.01182984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003602818,0.0003020456,0.9971356,0.000002775352,0.00001598112,0.00003317991,0.0004877049,0.0001348445,0.001678251,0.0000110512,0.0001922852,0.000002687005],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999786,0.00001747382,0.00001083548,0.000004819541,0.00000103469,0.00000111274,0.00001656118,0.000001147188,0.0001610211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994654,0.00004617284,0.00007131441,0.00001190228,0.000001218309,0.000003652849,0.0000706872,0.000001237315,0.0003285356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07196524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1430928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1487820526","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06312.x","title":"The boreal forest as a cultural landscape","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Guelph","keywords":"Boreal; Taiga; Geography; Climate change; Ecology; Ecosystem; Human settlement; Boreal ecosystem; Physical geography; Environmental science; Forestry; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Edward A. Johnson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kiyoko Miyanishi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1568437418341259,"gpt":0.357997418270346,"spread":0.20115367643622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000222859,0.0002288093,0.00009981926,0.0004730284,0.002078946,0.004134985,0.0004150886,0.0002477381,0.001845922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000245421,0.00006557267,0.00007943495,0.0007515104,0.00222557,0.001444724,0.0009549332,0.0003912812,0.0001319137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008995578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006879557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02523841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.120356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997842,0.0000705485,0.000007437543,0.00003758067,0.00004929604,0.00005096929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998368,0.00001552095,0.00004009117,0.00001421623,0.00002736703,0.00006602733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001901154,0.0002253408,0.2223677,0.0005393972,0.00009371346,0.004674306,0.05478777,0.001957507,0.007882203,0.2762371,0.03831567,0.3927291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001102951,0.0001815088,0.4150728,0.0003122751,0.00004050077,0.00472731,0.0635293,0.0003875208,0.0003131283,0.01535315,0.5000268,0.00004472778],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.5046452,0.02399457,0.001631096,0.004181926,0.0004667066,0.00003085622,0.0005342501,0.00007196392,0.4644434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891839,0.005008066,0.0007972048,0.0003014911,0.0001478943,0.000006120507,0.0001162724,0.000009487677,0.004429562],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02523841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.050183,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2180328674","doi":"10.1676/04-087.1","title":"VARIATION IN INCUBATION PATTERNS OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS NESTING AT LAGOONS AND PONDS IN EASTERN ONTARIO","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Wilson Bulletin","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Incubation; Beaver; Biology; Foraging; Ecology; Habitat; Incubation period; Range (aeronautics); Sewage; Zoology; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"J. Ryan Zimmerling","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Davison Ankney","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01223517108328315,"gpt":0.1918904421257032,"spread":0.17965527104242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337224,0.0001638725,0.0001502168,0.0005148646,0.0008507566,0.0004773217,0.0002360435,0.0001671289,0.0009605143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004462088,0.0002378556,0.0001507769,0.0004131353,0.0005587214,0.0002184765,0.0003794211,0.0001556562,0.0001264927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003345348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001352564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7819135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9674565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998511,0.0000142339,0.000006715553,0.00003385981,0.00003293286,0.00006121334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993376,0.00004606305,0.000217109,0.00002347162,0.0001433582,0.0002324835],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008094634,0.00001549323,0.9917434,0.00001254398,0.00002313408,0.00011371,0.002523689,0.0000577427,0.003250971,0.00002126067,0.000147328,0.002009834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.778687e-7,0.000007400391,0.9993066,0.00000165298,0.000002638049,0.00001191458,0.0004792238,0.00002407343,0.00003609555,0.000001931784,0.0001265503,0.000001205569],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995522,0.00003496959,0.00002536463,0.000008541174,9.437745e-7,0.000002542969,0.00008998391,0.00000115583,0.0002843345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992047,0.00004376427,0.00005663025,0.000006888044,8.902394e-7,0.000003663945,0.0001346338,0.000001181277,0.0005477336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2180865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4387416,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122831784","doi":"10.1139/f06-077","title":"Short-term responses to watershed logging on biomass mercury and methylmercury accumulation by periphyton in boreal lakes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Periphyton; Watershed; Environmental science; Methylmercury; Logging; Hydrology (agriculture); Mercury (programming language); Surface runoff; Nutrient; Boreal; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Geology; Bioaccumulation","authors":[{"name":"Mélanie Desrosiers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dolors Planas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alfonso Mucci","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02757114055148709,"gpt":0.2456799359361403,"spread":0.2181087953846532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002366339,0.0002112058,0.0001891826,0.0003792665,0.0004625434,0.0003991667,0.0001513792,0.0001508811,0.0002577158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007089904,0.0001223112,0.000182194,0.0003027747,0.0004024457,0.0001798984,0.0002397209,0.0001766761,0.00003872793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001108963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006102936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1124505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2505929,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999863,0.00001863551,0.000007913078,0.00002695569,0.00004421249,0.00003927037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994395,0.00007604682,0.0001699027,0.00002282904,0.0001691306,0.0001225401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008979926,0.0001155191,0.9049003,0.00002755986,0.00006921726,0.0001459976,0.0006506634,0.0003273995,0.08581831,0.00001790487,0.00007772212,0.006951396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.648234e-7,0.00007549422,0.9991885,5.508152e-7,0.000004909105,0.000008600322,0.00009245089,0.00006473924,0.0005349881,0.00000217666,0.0000255311,0.000001225511],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998649,0.00002022192,0.00001444368,0.000002309624,4.175118e-7,9.456639e-7,0.00002474839,0.000001072268,0.00007075998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.0000269175,0.00004969282,0.000008109754,0.000001082786,0.000003590129,0.0001102776,7.662167e-7,0.0001146334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8875495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.223592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160829267","doi":"10.2193/0022-541x(2006)70[1360:oibbpo]2.0.co;2","title":"Older is Better: Beaver Ponds on Boreal Streams as Breeding Habitat for the Wood Frog","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Wildlife Management","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Conservation Association; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Beaver; Riparian zone; Canopy; Ecology; Castor canadensis; Habitat; Environmental science; Boreal; Biology; Abundance (ecology); Wetland","authors":[{"name":"Cameron E. Stevens","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cynthia A. Paszkowski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Garry J. Scrimgeour","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008986413580580254,"gpt":0.2138177498363459,"spread":0.2048313362557656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001852473,0.0001379796,0.000163718,0.0004374186,0.0005680239,0.0005958308,0.0002654079,0.0001473855,0.001066021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004556381,0.00009232986,0.00009039841,0.0003539208,0.000426025,0.0003147673,0.0003051356,0.0001470589,0.00007412415],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009179959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006085026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2758309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.755555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998894,0.00002003755,0.00000442844,0.00003034815,0.00002334551,0.0000324863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997115,0.00002343408,0.0001066774,0.00001120847,0.00004396165,0.0001031957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006052813,0.00004002711,0.9873945,0.00001072618,0.00001887651,0.0002210133,0.0008906631,0.00008794831,0.00345964,0.00004489073,0.0001403853,0.007630781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.853057e-7,0.00001310616,0.999297,0.00000202427,0.000004074843,0.00003987458,0.0004408534,0.00005734567,0.00003123887,0.000006938155,0.0001059381,9.010441e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997098,0.00004032872,0.00002334637,0.000008848624,6.603059e-7,0.000001818979,0.00002127741,0.000001724545,0.0001921945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999536,0.00003926476,0.0001048744,0.00001426778,0.000001548579,0.000001343075,0.00004364567,8.656938e-7,0.0002582503],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2758309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5484508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}