{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":493,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":493,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"91e942cd5edf","filters":{"topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience"}},"results":[{"id":"W2163744914","doi":"10.1126/science.1205106","title":"Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4028,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Trophic level; Biogeochemical cycle; Ecosystem; Trophic cascade; Marine ecosystem; Forcing (mathematics); Ecology; Globe; Resilience (materials science); Carbon sequestration; Biology; Environmental resource management; Astrobiology; Environmental science; Food web; Neuroscience; Geology; Carbon dioxide","authors":[{"name":"James A. Estes","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Terborgh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin S. Brashares","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary E. Power","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joël Berger","is_ca":false},{"name":"William J. Bond","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen R. Carpenter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy E. Essington","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert D. Holt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy B. C. Jackson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert J. Marquis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lauri Oksanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tarja Oksanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert T. Paine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ellen K. Pikitch","is_ca":false},{"name":"William J. Ripple","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart A. Sandin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marten Scheffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas W. Schoener","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. R. E. Sinclair","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael E. Soulé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Risto Virtanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Wardle","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02338683726472213,"gpt":0.2623754426922353,"spread":0.2389886054275132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002908829,0.000707036,0.0007275421,0.001391781,0.0003668741,0.0008838772,0.0005863062,0.0007660704,0.003281411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005189179,0.0001661134,0.0003185081,0.001484392,0.0006056279,0.001027457,0.0008130663,0.0008888071,0.001055019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001024179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001126517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003582824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004561465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998744,0.00002409547,0.00001084581,0.0000298502,0.00004320902,0.00001755502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998505,0.00004543662,0.00004246378,0.00000805421,0.00003509584,0.00001848116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006807922,0.00002544912,0.0005444751,0.009985472,0.0001111568,0.0002912092,0.0001778514,0.0007521269,0.002286322,0.01418804,0.0184638,0.9531059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009669279,0.00007034835,0.004367512,0.004352049,0.0001252182,0.00108776,0.0002212439,0.0001823288,0.001022513,0.01727681,0.9712557,0.00002885134],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006827895,0.9959736,0.0001260813,0.0004313265,0.0001367512,0.000002181607,0.00002138348,0.00001145779,0.002614435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009891327,0.9887161,0.0001429096,0.0002052725,0.0001418061,0.000003878687,0.00003558352,0.00000249754,0.0008606639],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003582824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01097745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094520873","doi":"10.1038/nature11018","title":"Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1950,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Biosphere; Forcing (mathematics); Earth system science; Ecosystem; Regime shift; Warning system; Scale (ratio); Global change; Environmental science; Alternative stable state; Critical point (mathematics); Ecology; Astrobiology; Environmental resource management; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Computer science; Physics; Biology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Anthony D. Barnosky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth A. Hadly","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jordi Bascompte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric L. Berlow","is_ca":false},{"name":"James H. Brown","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mikael Fortelius","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wayne M. Getz","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Harte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan Hastings","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pablo A. Marquet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neo D. Martinez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arne Ø. Mooers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter D. Roopnarine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geerat J. Vermeij","is_ca":false},{"name":"John W. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rosemary G. Gillespie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin Kitzes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles R. Marshall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas J. Matzke","is_ca":false},{"name":"David P. Mindell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eloy Revilla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam B. Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01121551320523939,"gpt":0.2600032617995714,"spread":0.248787748594332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008942705,0.0008585103,0.0009762867,0.001873736,0.000396541,0.001514162,0.0007771282,0.002017514,0.003046813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001680948,0.00020785,0.0002992409,0.002822864,0.001053242,0.002491545,0.001052331,0.00187631,0.0007365773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001303062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002951053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004028016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01050695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999809,0.00003601674,0.00002127636,0.00003808217,0.00007181998,0.00002374555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994815,0.0003013786,0.00007136734,0.00001189426,0.00008968799,0.00004412912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003199712,0.00004220593,0.0002113263,0.01689023,0.0000757396,0.000141264,0.0001598482,0.0006635335,0.0005738142,0.01495242,0.0437076,0.9225501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007677438,0.00003078267,0.0007624789,0.007156026,0.00009330147,0.000400275,0.0002227161,0.00009820178,0.0001745158,0.009437531,0.9815985,0.00001813313],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008875746,0.997459,0.0001316155,0.0009506397,0.0002991142,0.000002040276,0.000008005888,0.000003419528,0.001057434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001013437,0.9977714,0.0001531248,0.0003854527,0.000249911,0.000003149665,0.00001053775,9.701276e-7,0.0004120476],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004028016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01019257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2508512371","doi":"10.1002/fee.1311","title":"Changing disturbance regimes, ecological memory, and forest resilience","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1448,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Disturbance (geology); Ecosystem; Ecology; Psychological resilience; Environmental resource management; Abiotic component; Ecological resilience; Forest ecology; Climate change; Resilience (materials science); Environmental science; Geography; Biology; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Jill F. Johnstone","is_ca":true},{"name":"Craig D. Allen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jerry F. Franklin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lee E. Frelich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian J. Harvey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip E. Higuera","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michelle C. Mack","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ross K. Meentemeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret R. Metz","is_ca":false},{"name":"George L. W. Perry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tania Schoennagel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Monica G. Turner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004626586475283125,"gpt":0.2026885297367945,"spread":0.1980619432615114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006127689,0.00083837,0.001020518,0.002220895,0.0003032323,0.001076323,0.0007467655,0.001159193,0.002422007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001454271,0.0002213837,0.0005122384,0.002677756,0.0008333935,0.001429011,0.0007160768,0.001001857,0.0005230051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008174918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001353569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002899788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00418306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998186,0.00003467338,0.0000298728,0.00004730083,0.00005043914,0.00001908889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993525,0.000353196,0.0001359923,0.00001956774,0.00009317173,0.00004556305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004519711,0.00004304258,0.001153571,0.02166902,0.000208073,0.0001006434,0.0001757948,0.0007625596,0.0004863422,0.008222769,0.01240624,0.9547267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001334981,0.00009794859,0.01058902,0.01695355,0.0004202454,0.001339376,0.0003396008,0.000240539,0.0004315208,0.01319895,0.956322,0.00005383493],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001926368,0.9987845,0.0000779559,0.0002095003,0.00006721226,0.00000210307,0.00001589596,0.000003865689,0.0006463354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00232896,0.997154,0.00007760733,0.00009566497,0.00009304304,0.000003592135,0.00002665453,8.201182e-7,0.0002196113],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002899788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008102417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146073476","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0376:assie]2.0.co;2","title":"Alternative stable states in ecology","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1318,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Alternative stable state; Theme (computing); Psychological resilience; Ecological systems theory; Environmental change; Population; Resilience (materials science); Subject (documents); Constant (computer programming); Climate change; Sociology; Biology; Psychology; Computer science; Demography; Ecosystem; Social psychology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Beatrix E. Beisner","is_ca":true},{"name":"DT Haydon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim Cuddington","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005318285912505156,"gpt":0.2127426237561489,"spread":0.2074243378436438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001770884,0.0008023244,0.001313418,0.001771907,0.000960077,0.002339773,0.001290268,0.002349461,0.002555995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002440944,0.000269773,0.0006611027,0.002077503,0.007991506,0.00724102,0.002109078,0.002941626,0.0009280201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001659662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009804388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007179463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006613715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989823,0.0003440995,0.00005961134,0.0002320515,0.000316951,0.00006496267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986753,0.0009136333,0.0001113774,0.00009566703,0.0001572651,0.00004668254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002094177,0.00001913513,0.0002891738,0.002108771,0.00005200809,0.0002530844,0.0007567269,0.002430258,0.0008316882,0.8124352,0.006447049,0.1743561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003987695,0.00002735573,0.0003302745,0.0006352696,0.00001491008,0.000499708,0.0002330507,0.0008079151,0.0002610602,0.864987,0.1321757,0.00002390982],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004310624,0.921563,0.03367578,0.004901544,0.0009593842,0.00002146787,0.00003942503,0.00006610187,0.03446276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1222851,0.8538361,0.01126013,0.002718017,0.001970838,0.0001133174,0.00009057349,0.00002276152,0.00770312],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002555995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01204175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378905467","doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8","title":"Safe and just Earth system boundaries","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1254,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Future Earth","funders":"Tiina ja Antti Herlinin säätiö; Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Stockholms Universitet; Porticus Foundation; Oak Foundation; Australian Government; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Global Environment Facility; Open Society Foundations","keywords":"Biosphere; Environmental science; Earth system science; Resilience (materials science); Earth (classical element); Safeguarding; Natural resource economics; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Johan Rockström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joyeeta Gupta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dahe Qin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven J. Lade","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jesse F. Abrams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lauren Seaby Andersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"David I. Armstrong McKay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xuemei Bai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Govindasamy Bala","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart E. Bunn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Ciobanu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabrice DeClerck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristie L. Ebi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lauren Gifford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Syezlin Hasan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norichika Kanie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy M. Lenton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sina Loriani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diana Liverman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Awaz Mohamed","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nebojša Nakićenović","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Obura","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Ospina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Klaudia Prodani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Crelis Rammelt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Boris Sakschewski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joeri Scholtens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ben Stewart‐Koster","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thejna Tharammal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Detlef P. van Vuuren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter H. Verburg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ricarda Winkelmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caroline Zimm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elena M. Bennett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stefan Bringezu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wendy Broadgate","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pamela Green","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lei Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa Jacobson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher E. Ndehedehe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simona Pedde","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan Rocha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marten Scheffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lena Schulte‐Uebbing","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. de Vries","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cunde Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chi Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xinwu Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noelia Zafra‐Calvo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xin Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003494790175330189,"gpt":0.2107092487211088,"spread":0.2072144585457786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004323148,0.0005126137,0.0005392621,0.003232925,0.001389694,0.004702702,0.001130925,0.001360357,0.006834091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01823137,0.0001846291,0.0006111041,0.002610342,0.00535308,0.00872415,0.006034626,0.001477666,0.0003383313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00271836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002788424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006433828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008482074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954789,0.001706556,0.0003294801,0.0005645158,0.001512374,0.0004082848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.990532,0.003297457,0.002126741,0.001119147,0.002386201,0.0005384486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000649371,0.00002949124,0.02033985,0.0003656021,0.0001250977,0.0001783406,0.002218442,0.03843944,0.0007902174,0.8856624,0.004013625,0.0477726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006650268,0.00005488471,0.01597478,0.0004612032,0.00004930382,0.0001015066,0.003228285,0.01447419,0.000654221,0.9286415,0.03631042,0.0000430205],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3699737,0.005441822,0.2652099,0.01312449,0.0004644817,0.0002530813,0.002086542,0.0003927353,0.3430533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892077,0.0005679249,0.00842296,0.0003438729,0.00003801105,0.00005421403,0.0002216949,0.00002457921,0.001119053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006834091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02286333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093124572","doi":"10.1038/nature04887","title":"Structural asymmetry and the stability of diverse food webs","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1003,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Food web; Biodiversity; Stability (learning theory); Ecosystem; Ecology; Food chain; Persistence (discontinuity); Productivity; Biology; Environmental science; Computer science; Economics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Neil Rooney","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin S. McCann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gabriel Gellner","is_ca":true},{"name":"John C. Moore","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002537035686892495,"gpt":0.184555988130615,"spread":0.1820189524437225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009969661,0.0001701829,0.0003137774,0.0013457,0.0005662089,0.001358783,0.0003659213,0.0005235565,0.001447288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005567234,0.0001689496,0.0002097487,0.0006356918,0.001699593,0.002582594,0.001309505,0.0004843283,0.0001217178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005351502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002584304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006014601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007992046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997119,0.00008631289,0.00001721127,0.00005166999,0.00007281747,0.00006010017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996955,0.001441582,0.0008171837,0.0002880652,0.0002108964,0.0002871489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007446271,0.0001421772,0.2093333,0.0002757126,0.0005835347,0.0009205411,0.001824319,0.07194204,0.03842131,0.5400357,0.002453583,0.1333234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003240435,0.00007367531,0.09404533,0.0000256354,0.0000695519,0.0006851283,0.0005653002,0.04576538,0.001788088,0.8550481,0.001864846,0.0000365032],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988468,0.0007242608,0.006198195,0.0005766916,0.00001561006,0.000003384919,0.00006831562,0.00001812958,0.003927399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994484,0.0001127355,0.0003027715,0.00001146769,0.000008707467,0.000001545876,0.00001934941,0.000001739408,0.00009328523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001447288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005272508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2265312118","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2015.2592","title":"Interactions among ecosystem stressors and their importance in conservation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":877,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Griffith University; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","keywords":"Stressor; Psychological resilience; Popularity; Biodiversity; Environmental resource management; Ecosystem; Organism; Ecology; Adaptive management; Biodiversity conservation; Ecosystem services; Conservation science; Psychology; Biology; Environmental science; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Isabelle M. Côté","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emily S. Darling","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher J. Brown","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0247185706153162,"gpt":0.2610423542215839,"spread":0.2363237836062678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00194113,0.0008763674,0.001356804,0.002260006,0.0004889477,0.00167196,0.0009732313,0.001911314,0.002535304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00340179,0.0002854178,0.0006374212,0.002513549,0.001322194,0.002162986,0.001083395,0.001985247,0.0004704314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001006671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002703676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002270772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004123234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994011,0.0001796837,0.00009264233,0.00009381145,0.0001898285,0.00004295698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974139,0.001789534,0.0003301747,0.00004616639,0.000288478,0.0001317211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004519595,0.0000418373,0.0006982163,0.02988045,0.0002947045,0.000167948,0.0002784,0.0006736267,0.0004766035,0.009504625,0.01550846,0.94243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001863587,0.0001218754,0.005287345,0.03226272,0.0005486565,0.001163892,0.0006226975,0.0002627239,0.000336596,0.015692,0.9436231,0.00005986328],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000121024,0.9984453,0.0001007216,0.0007448293,0.0001772968,0.000002690526,0.000007014251,0.000002507021,0.0003986041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001844198,0.9971764,0.0001981341,0.0003687669,0.0002301056,0.000005683118,0.00001040326,0.00000100881,0.0001651842],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002535304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01026577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389656036","doi":"10.2307/j.ctt5vm5bn.29","title":"Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems (1973)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Yale University Press eBooks","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":692,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); Stability (learning theory); Environmental science; Ecology; Computer science; Geography; Environmental resource management; Biology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"C. S. Holling","is_ca":true},{"name":"Libby Robin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01231638546879056,"gpt":0.1680192463229959,"spread":0.1557028608542053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008057299,0.001456583,0.0007703031,0.001997824,0.001083415,0.002070572,0.0008371657,0.00145215,0.0188646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001676866,0.0006134316,0.0003912926,0.002918976,0.003660252,0.003765553,0.001203397,0.002732994,0.004918105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003157587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002488479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02196288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04461931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997374,0.00006227029,0.0000190416,0.0000496506,0.0001025142,0.00002908746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995942,0.0002262088,0.00002599839,0.00003668775,0.0000868623,0.00003010613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003764098,0.00005342531,0.0005003004,0.0002250613,0.00001803779,0.0001147655,0.001183881,0.001964656,0.0002111455,0.4634967,0.3916912,0.1405033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008725187,0.00001192158,0.001087242,0.0004467765,0.000009661319,0.0001933717,0.0002810762,0.0004277461,0.0001345886,0.3478469,0.6495358,0.00001624809],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002127066,0.3057003,0.01502065,0.01966304,0.005560649,0.00008696476,0.001000712,0.000168028,0.6506725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1146812,0.244204,0.01943539,0.005751825,0.002990828,0.000348013,0.0008335072,0.0002835944,0.6114717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02196288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06310838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3136594673","doi":"10.1007/s13280-021-01544-8","title":"Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"AMBIO","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":673,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Stockholms Universitet; Kjell och Märta Beijers Stiftelse; Marcus och Amalia Wallenbergs minnesfond; Familjen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse","keywords":"Anthropocene; Biosphere; Environmental ethics; Surprise; Futures contract; Sustainability; Earth system science; Environmental resource management; Climate change; Resilience (materials science); Political science; Environmental planning; Sociology; Business; Geography; Ecology; Economics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Carl Folke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen Polasky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johan Rockström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victor Galaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frances Westley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michèle Lamont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marten Scheffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henrik Österblom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen R. Carpenter","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Stuart Chapin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen C. Seto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elke U. Weber","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beatrice Crona","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gretchen C. Daily","is_ca":false},{"name":"Partha Dasgupta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Owen Gaffney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Line Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Holger Hoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon A. Levin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jane Lubchenco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Will Steffen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Walker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02005785070228198,"gpt":0.3133458423486319,"spread":0.2932879916463499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010861,0.0008483584,0.0009250265,0.001516527,0.0006506335,0.002550359,0.0008613917,0.002292453,0.00754251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001622187,0.0001918549,0.000585341,0.002110713,0.00161674,0.00486419,0.001408201,0.00342539,0.001881794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001274899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003713534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002761084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004046328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995636,0.0001535206,0.00003416232,0.00006087409,0.0001306813,0.00005707433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991756,0.0004354227,0.00007904701,0.00003669184,0.0001878266,0.00008530179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005818051,0.00004352622,0.000313373,0.01916708,0.0001241026,0.0002237304,0.0006573189,0.0004568769,0.001235609,0.05884986,0.1338567,0.7850137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001836911,0.00001219708,0.0003292144,0.003139973,0.00002413793,0.0001799961,0.0002099969,0.00002185329,0.00005414888,0.007234307,0.9887854,0.000006903632],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007054373,0.9950882,0.00007668514,0.002831065,0.0006586222,9.134985e-7,0.000008778969,0.000006712403,0.001258414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001677537,0.994014,0.0001715092,0.002086438,0.0008757592,0.000003989946,0.000022319,0.000003856563,0.001144578],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00754251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02523226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2485490013","doi":"10.1111/ele.12648","title":"Navigating the complexity of ecological stability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":644,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Natural Environment Research Council; Universität Zürich; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Queen's University; Irish Research Council; Sight Research UK; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Trinity College Dublin; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Higher Education Authority; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Stability (learning theory); Ecology; Ecological stability; Ecological systems theory; Biodiversity; Empiricism; Environmental resource management; Computer science; Environmental science; Epistemology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ian Donohue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helmut Hillebrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"José M. Montoya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Owen L. Petchey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart L. Pimm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mike S. Fowler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin Healy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew L. Jackson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miguel Lurgi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deirdre McClean","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nessa E. O’Connor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eoin J. O’Gorman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiang Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04643097038794173,"gpt":0.3023668216090324,"spread":0.2559358512210907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002204938,0.0007193575,0.001031938,0.003992525,0.0008380341,0.003281054,0.001091069,0.001958134,0.002202653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003571702,0.0003541827,0.0006117081,0.004000291,0.003549894,0.007323246,0.002083216,0.003133666,0.0006880206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002439084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005043368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004584898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006964792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999078,0.0003114807,0.00007723251,0.0001172569,0.000342582,0.00007354187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979423,0.001361741,0.0001718121,0.00007353706,0.0003575401,0.00009318109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003168881,0.00003355254,0.0007570812,0.01785189,0.0001975578,0.0002124764,0.001176699,0.00154479,0.0009019528,0.1440112,0.03810962,0.7951714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005246305,0.00003293052,0.001912017,0.0109294,0.00008633167,0.0005317638,0.0009628034,0.0002808624,0.0002800672,0.1036033,0.881339,0.0000362755],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00020452,0.9936587,0.0003903877,0.003431419,0.0001933926,0.000002771248,0.000005919923,0.000006281367,0.002106612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0040065,0.994177,0.000368123,0.0007033756,0.000295197,0.000005263419,0.00001095406,0.000002507475,0.0004310993],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004584898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01769686,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2892348326","doi":"10.1126/science.aat6412","title":"Transient phenomena in ecology","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":600,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Ecology; Environmental science; Biology; Geography; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Alan Hastings","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen C. Abbott","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kim Cuddington","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tessa B. Francis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriel Gellner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ying‐Cheng Lai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Morozov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergei Petrovskii","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine Scranton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary Lou Zeeman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01542655959881344,"gpt":0.2839412735366213,"spread":0.2685147139378078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007872629,0.0008093814,0.0009091153,0.001755573,0.0007191135,0.002074682,0.001064491,0.002096097,0.004061268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002230239,0.0002339131,0.0005535814,0.00226572,0.003314078,0.004459874,0.001591369,0.003321223,0.001029898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001508737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001885809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001672464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001816889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999559,0.0001244616,0.00004220451,0.00008714159,0.0001422503,0.00004488489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988396,0.0007845197,0.000101793,0.00005891618,0.0001526026,0.00006256958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003858398,0.00004803896,0.0005263456,0.01459775,0.00009654843,0.000346857,0.0009851265,0.001495251,0.001224207,0.2462872,0.05673052,0.6776235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003937572,0.00002923147,0.0008642306,0.004103195,0.00003711478,0.0008526274,0.0002416935,0.0001707668,0.0002088687,0.09542567,0.8980414,0.00002125047],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003568275,0.9906088,0.001177947,0.001705073,0.0008347909,0.000005882557,0.00001375347,0.00001587689,0.00528107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007699077,0.9865991,0.0005942062,0.001402717,0.001741357,0.00001387189,0.000030959,0.000008411648,0.001910349],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004061268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01358634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336023654","doi":"10.5751/es-02716-130240","title":"Adaptive Capacity and Traps","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Society","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":480,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Adaptive capacity; Environmental resource management; Geography; Climate change; Business; Environmental planning; Ecology; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Stephen R. Carpenter","is_ca":false},{"name":"William A. Brock","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009005851056745914,"gpt":0.1822917764713878,"spread":0.1732859254146419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001745773,0.0006525882,0.0006150455,0.00101338,0.001869177,0.003779034,0.001365703,0.002471218,0.01212658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006962289,0.0003158386,0.0008932996,0.0009717358,0.009396842,0.007996258,0.004944571,0.002514657,0.0006875749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001751874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001247954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001696138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009161439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985771,0.0004413009,0.00005877994,0.0003285574,0.0002304222,0.0003637115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964945,0.001673967,0.0005179395,0.0005388379,0.0003028117,0.0004719856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001082795,0.000008648581,0.0005247806,0.00003846019,0.00001063273,0.00005544662,0.0003021738,0.004708129,0.0001866643,0.9897684,0.0007570665,0.003628768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001230838,0.00002612749,0.0004562584,0.00004793351,0.000009815616,0.0001813455,0.0003915885,0.009621554,0.0001496598,0.9775883,0.01149682,0.00001830938],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1986254,0.005586351,0.4029547,0.01996606,0.0005288768,0.0002445002,0.000601975,0.0005436021,0.3709485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9748042,0.001119485,0.01100039,0.0006757894,0.0001424847,0.0001602066,0.00008117342,0.00005783217,0.01195854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01212658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04056752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951319617","doi":"10.1038/s41559-019-0797-2","title":"Ecosystem tipping points in an evolving world","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":441,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Ecosystem; Trait; Ecology; Climate change; Regime shift; Environmental change; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Biology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Vasilis Dakos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Blake Matthews","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew P. Hendry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan M. Levine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolas Loeuille","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jon Norberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrik Nosil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marten Scheffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luc De Meester","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01114123730548455,"gpt":0.2847898922782681,"spread":0.2736486549727836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008325577,0.000981278,0.001411622,0.002489384,0.0003334796,0.001813955,0.001038962,0.002061672,0.004267801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00232889,0.0002963411,0.0004345702,0.003159645,0.00132834,0.002739555,0.00139674,0.002251295,0.001304215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001083749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001884578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002242343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005062983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997354,0.00005681096,0.0000377527,0.00005831671,0.0000848788,0.00002680693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991845,0.0005134769,0.0001059102,0.00002200975,0.0001187858,0.00005533555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003730393,0.00002617965,0.0002599491,0.01784456,0.0001029774,0.0001321461,0.0001059412,0.0007372488,0.0003841671,0.01937195,0.03599942,0.9249982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001132815,0.00003470191,0.001123409,0.0124357,0.000207798,0.0007640505,0.0001716732,0.0002278512,0.0001506554,0.02545895,0.9593749,0.00003898661],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007695636,0.998023,0.000151977,0.0005367204,0.0002860558,0.000001729613,0.00001246414,0.000005509842,0.0009054304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009197394,0.9977406,0.000187607,0.0002964915,0.0003763311,0.000003764431,0.00001860145,0.00000177352,0.0004550208],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004267801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01427728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952938648","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.2000640","title":"Cell Fate Decision as High-Dimensional Critical State Transition","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Biology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":410,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","keywords":"Progenitor cell; Biology; Attractor; Cell biology; Progenitor; Stem cell; Cell fate determination; Cell type; Lineage (genetic); Transition (genetics); Computational biology; Cell; Gene; Genetics; Transcription factor","authors":[{"name":"Mitra Mojtahedi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexander Skupin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ivan G. Castaño","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rebecca Y. Y. Leong-Quong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hannah Chang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kalliopi Trachana","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Giuliani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sui Huang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004854086143259926,"gpt":0.2188389352379208,"spread":0.2139848490946609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038095,0.0001934694,0.0003062165,0.0005726713,0.0004167962,0.0008764216,0.0003081976,0.0004281078,0.001184012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001321423,0.0001685023,0.0003099443,0.0003124606,0.001598157,0.001149897,0.0005756132,0.0006281946,0.0001302119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000686577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002928623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000684916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005242467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998317,0.00003846211,0.000007566593,0.00005460082,0.00004133771,0.00002639384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993575,0.0002185071,0.0002038306,0.00005950773,0.00005589082,0.0001047399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002320326,0.00008931326,0.02795888,0.0001560722,0.0001264098,0.0007842605,0.0008410934,0.2660485,0.2025016,0.4768352,0.001497003,0.02292984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001133565,0.00009978098,0.01933638,0.00001895182,0.0000244036,0.0002697938,0.0001632878,0.7650329,0.01161463,0.2015322,0.001828423,0.00006785874],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7082324,0.0003821605,0.2859076,0.0004049702,0.00006272777,0.00003841104,0.0001972473,0.000369925,0.004404536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922765,0.00008165527,0.007191965,0.00003574352,0.000009565091,0.00001965049,0.00003994907,0.0000140681,0.0003308941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001184012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004981458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120964134","doi":"10.1139/x06-132","title":"Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":381,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Disturbance (geology); Environmental resource management; Resilience (materials science); Ecosystem management; Ecosystem; Psychological resilience; Adaptive management; Ecology; Ecological resilience; Forest management; Natural (archaeology); Environmental science; Biodiversity; Forest ecology; Salvage logging; Geography; Agroforestry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"C. Ronnie Drever","is_ca":true},{"name":"Garry Peterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian Messier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yves Bergeron","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mike Flannigan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00919981496726921,"gpt":0.2484680212842286,"spread":0.2392682063169594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009299283,0.0002131268,0.0002140267,0.0006233803,0.0004385689,0.000982071,0.0004074539,0.0003948661,0.001596658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003201234,0.00008199506,0.0002358912,0.0004169629,0.00166598,0.001547543,0.0008236254,0.0002751288,0.0001734305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001067603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009614652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004378095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01079015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996731,0.00009955505,0.00002040106,0.00005035778,0.00005247083,0.0001041049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989319,0.0002065733,0.0004373398,0.0001379655,0.0001013404,0.0001847264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000305843,0.0002655343,0.1976405,0.001180984,0.0004334491,0.0008693358,0.001629984,0.02394534,0.00822383,0.1408532,0.01068066,0.6139712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005463868,0.0005460359,0.5425093,0.000970968,0.0001887504,0.001153269,0.004668418,0.01036845,0.003428244,0.3480484,0.08796344,0.000100089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7398491,0.03702972,0.03772026,0.0618046,0.001021196,0.0001281003,0.0005522945,0.0004378398,0.1214568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922475,0.004523463,0.001303215,0.0008645597,0.00009417102,0.00001640821,0.00003849524,0.000008255328,0.0009039026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004378095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008705199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001653539","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2019.0105","title":"Climate change, ecosystems and abrupt change: science priorities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":378,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Division of Environmental Biology; Joint Fire Science Program; University of Wisconsin-Madison","keywords":"Climate change; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Monica G. Turner","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. John Calder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Graeme S. Cumming","is_ca":false},{"name":"Terry P. Hughes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anke Jentsch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shannon L. LaDeau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy M. Lenton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bryan N. Shuman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Merritt R. Turetsky","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zak Ratajczak","is_ca":false},{"name":"John W. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Park Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen R. Carpenter","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09864793581264236,"gpt":0.312010370582263,"spread":0.2133624347696206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002877668,0.001151357,0.002329759,0.004507464,0.0007540201,0.003004704,0.001849438,0.004110839,0.005583096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005482503,0.0004622853,0.0008453666,0.007629206,0.002614862,0.007908706,0.002111476,0.005890264,0.002340787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002418406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005556566,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002731863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004512081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992858,0.0002030556,0.0000896564,0.00010687,0.0002308256,0.0000837833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952101,0.003092202,0.0003418611,0.0001322022,0.0007784018,0.0004452393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008743301,0.00007260351,0.0003449989,0.02930653,0.0001398673,0.0001800103,0.0002514995,0.0005204529,0.0004123567,0.02891701,0.1280471,0.8117201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009255756,0.0000406492,0.0009980148,0.01209704,0.00008676618,0.0005153157,0.0002505164,0.00007229729,0.00005725108,0.01907301,0.9667753,0.0000244837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002355411,0.9965327,0.00005012634,0.002234845,0.0006719138,0.000001236922,0.000006820924,0.000004363643,0.0004745351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000551119,0.9961588,0.0001370783,0.00155316,0.001201355,0.000004206494,0.00002858864,0.000002413891,0.0003632936],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005583096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01867735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125011366","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2007.11.011","title":"Agricultural modifications of hydrological flows create ecological surprises","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":378,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Agriculture; Ecology; Geography; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Line Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Garry Peterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elena M. Bennett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01449419633876271,"gpt":0.2282960576744041,"spread":0.2138018613356414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006551213,0.0001553883,0.000187551,0.0003012645,0.0004419018,0.001062284,0.0002665971,0.0008331545,0.003580374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003962507,0.0001423412,0.0002218261,0.0003436099,0.001385169,0.001240174,0.0007165058,0.000848504,0.0004077476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004908265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002798716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001105972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001841805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997787,0.00004248434,0.00001239358,0.00005322732,0.00005204958,0.0000610857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985582,0.000382529,0.0003501571,0.0003039993,0.0001780414,0.000226931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002584496,0.0007010421,0.572076,0.0002295768,0.0006223298,0.003576039,0.003415695,0.0227574,0.0870507,0.06683515,0.03613307,0.2040185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009074628,0.0002954808,0.8154781,0.00003535745,0.0001331435,0.001113491,0.006768297,0.01407162,0.008935022,0.1149583,0.03801621,0.0001041891],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852836,0.0001560546,0.001695314,0.004802668,0.0002358054,0.000003538133,0.0001728638,0.00009228047,0.007557835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988565,0.00007614219,0.00013723,0.0003402629,0.00005578683,0.000001567198,0.00003481269,0.0000121221,0.0004854766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003580374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01197749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173994631","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13106","title":"Global impacts of the 1980s regime shift","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":353,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ouranos; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Bundesamt für Umwelt; Natural Environment Research Council; Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Sight Research UK; Goddard Space Flight Center; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Climatology; Volcano; Global warming; Climate change; Global change; Context (archaeology); Environmental science; Forcing (mathematics); Earth system science; Coupled model intercomparison project; Regime shift; Radiative forcing; Climate model; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Philip C. Reid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Renata Hari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grégory Beaugrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"David M. Livingstone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christoph Marty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dietmar Straile","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Barichivich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Éric Goberville","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rita Adrian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yasuyuki Aono","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ross Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"James L. Foster","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavel Groisman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Hélaouët","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huang‐Hsiung Hsu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard R. Kirby","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeff Knight","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexandra Kraberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianping Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tzu‐Ting Lo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ranga B. Myneni","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan P. North","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Alan Pounds","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim H. Sparks","is_ca":false},{"name":"René Stübi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongjun Tian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen Helen Wiltshire","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dong Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zaichun Zhu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02610552051146087,"gpt":0.2682910933372297,"spread":0.2421855728257688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003880965,0.0002247999,0.0001872269,0.0007236366,0.0003554877,0.0005276006,0.0001399788,0.0003507712,0.00266208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001086533,0.0000581345,0.00019953,0.0008517104,0.0008153217,0.0004456307,0.0008494678,0.0002772456,0.0001439511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00189433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004924261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01435018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01296147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999869,0.00001716935,0.000007855484,0.000030337,0.00002404383,0.00005151534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.00003967914,0.0001329904,0.00002360878,0.00005105696,0.00006769304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009526936,0.0002685592,0.7085401,0.0004988859,0.0003428858,0.002357561,0.003499347,0.0320862,0.02951761,0.04942422,0.01434073,0.1581712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001567402,0.0001072258,0.9709544,0.00007347993,0.00004020478,0.0001796599,0.001001129,0.002565547,0.0007317284,0.008653455,0.0156561,0.00002140157],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811724,0.0009593712,0.0003496858,0.001338018,0.0000657198,0.000007746386,0.0006916641,0.00004929326,0.01536615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986972,0.0005352623,0.00008626031,0.0001259218,0.00005045435,0.000003498774,0.0001956184,0.000004653734,0.0003010594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01435018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02853328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304780007","doi":"10.1038/s41586-022-05318-4","title":"A function-based typology for Earth’s ecosystems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":333,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Sciencetech (Canada); University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; MAVA Foundation","keywords":"Ecosystem services; Environmental resource management; Convention on Biological Diversity; Ecosystem management; Total human ecosystem; Ecosystem; Biodiversity; Natural capital; Context (archaeology); Sustainability; Biosphere; Ecosystem health; Business; Ecology; Geography; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"David A. Keith","is_ca":false},{"name":"José R. Ferrer‐Paris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily Nicholson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melanie J. Bishop","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beth Polidoro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eva Ramírez-Llodra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark G. Tozer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeanne Nel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ralph Mac Nally","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward J. Gregr","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kate E. Watermeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Franz Essl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Don Faber‐Langendoen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janet Franklin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caroline E. R. Lehmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrés Etter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dirk J. Roux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan S. Stark","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica A. Rowland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neil Brummitt","is_ca":false},{"name":"U. Fernández-Arcaya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Iain M. Suthers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan K. Wiser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Donohue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leland J. Jackson","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Toby Pennington","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas M. Iliffe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vasilis Gerovasileiou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul S. Giller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Belinda J. Robson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathalie Pettorelli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ángela Andrade","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arild Lindgaard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Teemu Tahvanainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aleks Terauds","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael A. Chadwick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas Murray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin Moat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patricio Pliscoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irene Zager","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard T. Kingsford","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00298266045038994,"gpt":0.2025577085714577,"spread":0.1995750481210678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00164407,0.0006515885,0.0004354099,0.006378479,0.001316756,0.004510276,0.00126305,0.001117515,0.005681127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00277296,0.0001668741,0.001140851,0.004409862,0.003442119,0.004905815,0.002297814,0.001295199,0.0009868818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002146595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001314511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007101806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006537345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991542,0.000306527,0.0001143237,0.000187288,0.0001581549,0.00007941616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979533,0.0006062947,0.0003074979,0.0005198818,0.0004122927,0.0002006346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001094639,0.0000196946,0.009754245,0.00009440048,0.00002624228,0.0001239367,0.0006937013,0.008898841,0.0004197744,0.9490817,0.006335969,0.02454063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001003289,0.00003533313,0.01412823,0.0002496146,0.00002051501,0.0005067204,0.00222026,0.03527433,0.0002424385,0.8420507,0.1052202,0.00004167518],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0968229,0.003310959,0.7358316,0.004091328,0.0005426428,0.0006045484,0.008885336,0.0008381133,0.1490726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6966189,0.001431332,0.2880868,0.0004968178,0.0002657489,0.0009059099,0.006693293,0.0002052299,0.005295903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007101806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01900524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023024638","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12337","title":"Forest resilience and tipping points at different spatio‐temporal scales: approaches and challenges","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ecology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":320,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"VLIRUOS; Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad; Ecological Society of America; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; British Ecological Society; Universiteit Gent","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Climate change; Environmental resource management; Deforestation (computer science); Vulnerability (computing); Ecosystem services; Resilience (materials science); Ecosystem; Psychological resilience; Environmental science; Forest dynamics; Forest ecology; Temporal scales; Ecology; Geography; Computer science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Christopher Reyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Niels Brouwers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anja Rammig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barry W. Brook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jackie Epila","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. F. Grant","is_ca":true},{"name":"Milena Holmgren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanny Langerwisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sebastian Leuzinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wolfgang Lucht","is_ca":false},{"name":"Belinda E. Medlyn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marion Pfeifer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jörg Steinkamp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark C. Vanderwel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans Verbeeck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dora M. Villela","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04341777361485499,"gpt":0.2251368920316132,"spread":0.1817191184167582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005454953,0.0008956583,0.001538357,0.003444251,0.0006560895,0.003104413,0.001304703,0.001417259,0.003896403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006792676,0.0003578093,0.001211283,0.003226765,0.003107312,0.006357782,0.003101056,0.001972462,0.0002087358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003367595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002418184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01117399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01105273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988344,0.0005158795,0.00009121642,0.0002866826,0.0001612411,0.0001106415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922964,0.005044227,0.001002889,0.0005909851,0.0007744526,0.0002910336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005246843,0.0001654106,0.0887069,0.01932866,0.00220767,0.0007686989,0.003935203,0.09614136,0.004909479,0.2100949,0.01695977,0.5562572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002771486,0.000275163,0.1161761,0.00746611,0.0009519816,0.0003104596,0.01794359,0.04375972,0.002761431,0.746869,0.06312523,0.0003335046],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3011892,0.4406812,0.109282,0.09404355,0.002667604,0.0003270696,0.005494068,0.0005331929,0.04578223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8401636,0.1356738,0.01796243,0.002316935,0.001004952,0.0003172947,0.0006585267,0.00007778931,0.00182466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01117399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02884895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010541785","doi":"10.1890/es11-00216.1","title":"Analysis of abrupt transitions in ecological systems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosphere","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":319,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of California, San Diego; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; University of California, Santa Barbara; New Mexico State University; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Regime shift; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Context (archaeology); Abundance (ecology); Alternative stable state; Ecology; Climate change; Relative species abundance; Oceanography; Geography; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Brandon T. Bestelmeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aaron M. Ellison","is_ca":false},{"name":"William R. Fraser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristen B. Gorman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sally J. Holbrook","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christine Laney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark D. Ohman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Debra P. C. Peters","is_ca":false},{"name":"Finn C. Pillsbury","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Rassweiler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Russell J. Schmitt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sapna Sharma","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01028646682583892,"gpt":0.1968942205206991,"spread":0.1866077536948602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003558172,0.0004190223,0.0006284583,0.004470073,0.0007496343,0.001929177,0.0008687873,0.0005832554,0.002293903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01339843,0.0003011195,0.001125791,0.002068208,0.001122064,0.00170635,0.002185016,0.001246158,0.0001696133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00138752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007191786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003095723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002024602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987342,0.0003499674,0.0001263703,0.0003777556,0.0002470196,0.0001647113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9909573,0.005658796,0.001868371,0.0005933474,0.0004536633,0.0004686006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003148777,0.0002140671,0.4910105,0.0008756735,0.001484838,0.001109771,0.002474316,0.3442048,0.00918004,0.06262673,0.001637563,0.0848667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002360161,0.0002416959,0.2666768,0.00009288998,0.0001579808,0.000524892,0.001482322,0.6127984,0.002032348,0.1103969,0.005473528,0.00009863383],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8406852,0.001123473,0.1498252,0.0003408083,0.00003686289,0.0002009248,0.002347611,0.0008134208,0.00462652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875217,0.0001112816,0.01123762,0.00002148207,0.00001256144,0.00008556383,0.000755967,0.00002078852,0.0002330035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004470073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01881766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164726634","doi":"10.1111/brv.12756","title":"Biodiversity as insurance: from concept to measurement and application","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":307,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia; Université de Sherbrooke; Université TÉLUQ; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Liber Ero Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; European Commission","keywords":"Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem; Modern portfolio theory; Environmental resource management; Conceptual framework; Ecology; Portfolio; Economics; Sociology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Michel Loreau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthieu Barbier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Élise Filotas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dominique Gravel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Forest Isbell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steve J. Miller","is_ca":false},{"name":"José M. Montoya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shaopeng Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raphaël Aussenac","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel M. Germain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick L. Thompson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Gonzalez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura E. Dee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1064594347139757,"gpt":0.3079920529041368,"spread":0.2015326181901611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009158344,0.001291943,0.001987079,0.005617713,0.001270836,0.00710915,0.002553882,0.003974786,0.002411869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01897102,0.0006305642,0.0009293137,0.005382888,0.02317164,0.01312695,0.004680041,0.007686007,0.0003757927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006555604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002980402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003612395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00132814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946609,0.002197983,0.0003899364,0.0007503987,0.001804173,0.0001964924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9868926,0.01021616,0.0009291837,0.000614126,0.001002488,0.0003453932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002863805,0.00003327659,0.001809225,0.001280151,0.00005757284,0.0001248868,0.001088411,0.002727582,0.0003622746,0.8905058,0.004426349,0.09755599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006106725,0.00005791779,0.00191943,0.002350839,0.00002686098,0.0002923661,0.0007160986,0.003093142,0.0002475186,0.9247773,0.06645606,0.00005633647],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01179341,0.8232459,0.08375236,0.04659367,0.002349972,0.00008560777,0.000222886,0.0001058355,0.03185039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3297056,0.6141735,0.03424114,0.01121072,0.006715445,0.0003171161,0.0002223423,0.0001001985,0.003313913],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009158344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04843456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336643860","doi":"10.5751/es-00510-070114","title":"Resilience of Past Landscapes: Resilience Theory, Society, and the Longue Durée","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conservation Ecology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":305,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Resilience (materials science); Sociology; Psychological resilience; Socio-ecological system; Natural (archaeology); Adaptive capacity; Environmental ethics; Mechanism (biology); Epistemology; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Geography; Climate change; Computer science; Psychology; Social psychology; Archaeology; Economics; Biology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Charles L. Redman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ann P. Kinzig","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003917974171240773,"gpt":0.1984091414818684,"spread":0.1944911673106277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002527705,0.0003590455,0.0002635927,0.002412688,0.001428371,0.003072853,0.0008628634,0.001289756,0.0026999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006113767,0.0001498227,0.0004202514,0.002082901,0.01159203,0.006688706,0.002627446,0.001214001,0.0001759097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002730642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001630359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004496843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005727218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992624,0.0004200614,0.00002516597,0.0001112311,0.0000926346,0.00008852313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970834,0.0016569,0.0005639538,0.0002386262,0.00021106,0.0002459907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001009602,0.000008105188,0.002846307,0.00005432034,0.00001572123,0.0000902727,0.002339674,0.002865906,0.0000679643,0.9762121,0.001583946,0.01390556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004050711,0.00001270153,0.003206469,0.0001745168,0.00001285094,0.0001155419,0.001365092,0.002771256,0.00006856652,0.9712304,0.02102369,0.00001480362],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2810237,0.09440981,0.1998456,0.1482798,0.001146863,0.0001086607,0.0005167326,0.00022974,0.274439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818311,0.008031278,0.005582646,0.0008991166,0.0002443788,0.00004853375,0.00005567814,0.0000134806,0.003293716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004496843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01981229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969437725","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1110245108","title":"Newly discovered landscape traps produce regime shifts in wet forests","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":294,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Archives of Australia","keywords":"Trap (plumbing); Generality; Disturbance (geology); Ecology; Geography; Natural (archaeology); Ecosystem; Eucalyptus; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Archaeology; Geology; Biology; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"David B. Lindenmayer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard J. Hobbs","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gene E. Likens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles J. Krebs","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. C. Banks","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02543595802793662,"gpt":0.2500784020995998,"spread":0.2246424440716631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003118951,0.00006600152,0.0001461888,0.0003594961,0.0003725438,0.0004548064,0.0001878727,0.0001986756,0.001823043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001081206,0.0001369376,0.0001641858,0.0002512098,0.000613326,0.00044913,0.0006119795,0.0003181773,0.0001113738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002956801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001040233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003609959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998876,0.00002237622,0.000007285926,0.00003101059,0.00002237195,0.00002933091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992792,0.0001860231,0.0003257812,0.00008832477,0.00005332853,0.0000673212],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009452403,0.0004204162,0.5154077,0.0003556967,0.0002670422,0.004306458,0.007135957,0.0103288,0.3097097,0.02699853,0.002146792,0.1219778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003823787,0.0003040275,0.9526503,0.00003762194,0.00006108612,0.002290959,0.001810634,0.01056073,0.01248148,0.01563948,0.004077649,0.00004774518],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943428,0.0001445098,0.003416824,0.00005588618,0.000006467852,0.00001188676,0.00006589663,0.00003215407,0.001923614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989547,0.00002784774,0.0007164192,0.00002377375,0.000002729108,0.000005966835,0.000028097,0.000003529735,0.0002370093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001823043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006098688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200303296","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2106140118","title":"Deep learning for early warning signals of tipping points","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":274,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Warning system; Computer science; False positives and false negatives; Artificial intelligence; False positive paradox; Deep learning; State (computer science); Point (geometry); Machine learning; Early warning system; Algorithm; Mathematics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Thomas M. Bury","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. I. Sujith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Induja Pavithran","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marten Scheffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy M. Lenton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Madhur Anand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris T. Bauch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02057111372301025,"gpt":0.2696838983739479,"spread":0.2491127846509376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008447281,0.0007677287,0.0006773514,0.0009089624,0.000340653,0.0007513296,0.001149741,0.001026595,0.002003188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003957035,0.0003959328,0.0004367678,0.0006210408,0.0005326658,0.001398847,0.001063317,0.002105518,0.0003947795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001017998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008675754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006008646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006427728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997821,0.00004925595,0.00001526935,0.00006427134,0.00004422616,0.00004483556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992455,0.0004122705,0.00009446545,0.00006433168,0.0001374517,0.00004593165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000134455,0.0001275375,0.004490921,0.0001208525,0.00008333291,0.0001060924,0.00009088159,0.7763499,0.003706842,0.01579095,0.005934891,0.1930633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002415003,0.000007565314,0.0001618275,0.000005740439,0.000002790227,0.000005028361,0.00000412745,0.9937305,0.0004079411,0.00545842,0.0002108128,0.000002741883],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1362758,0.00191912,0.8521467,0.001852049,0.000184097,0.00004915589,0.000649985,0.002861256,0.004061773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9226877,0.0004327505,0.07236892,0.0002540101,0.00007373205,0.00005447892,0.0007107939,0.00007713609,0.003340539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006008646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01194733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3167954679","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1470","title":"A guide to state-space modeling of ecological time series","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":272,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ecology; Series (stratigraphy); State space; State (computer science); Environmental science; Computer science; Mathematics; Biology; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Ken B. Newman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diana J. Cole","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanny Empacher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rowenna Gryba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aaron A. King","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vianey Leos‐Barajas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joanna Mills Flemming","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anders Nielsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giovanni De Petris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Len Thomas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02365757205640139,"gpt":0.1574489285935698,"spread":0.1337913565371684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001897674,0.001916128,0.001313704,0.001886783,0.0006205077,0.002177024,0.003093785,0.002847363,0.05094367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006137222,0.001187378,0.001737136,0.002634138,0.0007109637,0.002364585,0.001322282,0.004346231,0.02671156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009107491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002306211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007943636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0104225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991707,0.0003210637,0.0001169161,0.000136635,0.0002143221,0.00004040758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975079,0.001769881,0.0001226971,0.0001951015,0.0003526863,0.00005161413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004982696,0.0001261247,0.001009799,0.001520403,0.0001421475,0.0006045115,0.0003383625,0.07215746,0.002399101,0.3105471,0.3739271,0.2371781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003015449,0.00004349176,0.0004738923,0.0005041115,0.00003432688,0.0003824177,0.00004882128,0.1453728,0.0005123563,0.1727686,0.6797495,0.00007964366],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004402641,0.009178011,0.9539691,0.002011188,0.0008775815,0.0002163058,0.007946176,0.003635076,0.02172627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0126788,0.02222887,0.8996936,0.00205241,0.001040159,0.001718874,0.01212372,0.002123652,0.04633992],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05094367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1704236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076124820","doi":"10.1007/s00382-005-0092-6","title":"Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate Dynamics","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Reforestation; Environmental science; Climatology; Deforestation (computer science); Temperate climate; Land cover; Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Earth system science; Tropics; Carbon sequestration; Land use; Physical geography; Geography; Geology; Agroforestry; Ecology; Oceanography; Carbon dioxide","authors":[{"name":"﻿Victor Brovkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Claußen","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Driesschaert","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Fichefet","is_ca":false},{"name":"David W. Kicklighter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie‐France Loutre","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Damon Matthews","is_ca":true},{"name":"Navin Ramankutty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michiel Schaeffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrei Sokolov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004886787138588984,"gpt":0.1854405966169413,"spread":0.1805538094783524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001456744,0.0005857688,0.0005235052,0.0007788991,0.0006227212,0.00123303,0.0008424713,0.001270239,0.001393188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006866167,0.0006688987,0.0009095095,0.0007919894,0.001205272,0.00158345,0.000832714,0.001133749,0.00009951172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001638906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006653502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02530273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02259574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996021,0.0001681724,0.0000363227,0.00006935202,0.00003215007,0.00009187633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960271,0.002635806,0.0003826093,0.0002838461,0.0002903389,0.0003803961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000547706,0.0002813392,0.09917839,0.00002352117,0.0002275034,0.0001416587,0.0001165377,0.8945245,0.001054163,0.001541276,0.0004386552,0.001924771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001408023,0.0001768984,0.04359405,0.000005788179,0.0001043728,0.00003914128,0.0001555333,0.953666,0.0007627759,0.001102292,0.0002146321,0.00003778948],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992361,0.00001727138,0.0002212998,0.00009910287,0.000009271589,0.00000364693,0.0001646832,0.00001744754,0.0002311875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999629,0.0000174958,0.0001165452,0.00001030265,0.000003532199,0.000003212689,0.0001655297,0.000005621831,0.00004870278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02530273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05031091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172060360","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2004.11.012","title":"Criticality and disturbance in spatial ecological systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Criticality; Disturbance (geology); Spatial ecology; Ecology; Self-organized criticality; Temporal scales; Spatial variability; Environmental science; Statistical physics; Biology; Physics; Mathematics; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"L. Pascual","is_ca":false},{"name":"Françoise Guichard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005983518995877685,"gpt":0.2337764744660262,"spread":0.2277929554701485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001955785,0.0002585516,0.0004572623,0.002660539,0.001138165,0.003393976,0.0006077341,0.0007903158,0.003921559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01377953,0.0002752531,0.0002905501,0.001644781,0.008386491,0.005067487,0.001412601,0.000978612,0.00006966592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00220737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009167468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004239054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004140854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993153,0.0002758321,0.00004258096,0.0001440185,0.00009604024,0.0001263837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9841604,0.01128555,0.002129545,0.0007226841,0.0006376589,0.001064242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007636632,0.00004870284,0.04831236,0.0001988372,0.0001147353,0.000329939,0.00300765,0.01920514,0.0009492541,0.8967903,0.001682236,0.02928439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001634898,0.0000247008,0.02912529,0.00003522181,0.00002135129,0.000288204,0.001359065,0.01099823,0.0001498469,0.9547821,0.00318183,0.00001784088],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.9260515,0.005105228,0.03469502,0.00545219,0.00009831927,0.00002753465,0.0001206889,0.00006982812,0.02837965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989549,0.000310496,0.0004161728,0.00002837339,0.00002940596,0.000005738503,0.00001336063,0.000003043891,0.00023851],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004239054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01601565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053944950","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12123","title":"Two alternatives to the stress‐gradient hypothesis at the edge of life: the collapse of facilitation and the switch from facilitation to competition","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vegetation Science","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":226,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"European Social Fund","keywords":"Facilitation; Ecology; Ecosystem; Competition (biology); Biology; Neuroscience","authors":[{"name":"Richard Michalet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yoann Le Bagousse‐Pinguet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Paul Maalouf","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher J. Lortie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0108790440037953,"gpt":0.2367156330399189,"spread":0.2258365890361236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002814624,0.0002254286,0.0005831792,0.0009584968,0.0009040551,0.001820127,0.0008416057,0.001691639,0.001898842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004265441,0.0001660657,0.0003347879,0.0004073997,0.00998777,0.002726142,0.002594811,0.00156826,0.0002009187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007613559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003750803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00107591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001317717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991261,0.0002811007,0.00004609075,0.0001827316,0.0001861438,0.0001777991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950252,0.002226035,0.001095104,0.0004053017,0.0003903159,0.0008580561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002698716,0.0002590974,0.1904606,0.001102165,0.0002763338,0.003443406,0.009681804,0.006987825,0.06229593,0.6017159,0.005012969,0.1160653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009921928,0.0004472345,0.3398597,0.0002202515,0.00008310631,0.001993171,0.007716598,0.01836445,0.004405469,0.6165957,0.01002535,0.0001897403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9562984,0.004102367,0.01443961,0.009539672,0.0001611318,0.00002000992,0.00007199508,0.00003952016,0.01532741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984035,0.0002796526,0.0006329215,0.0003737439,0.00007229599,0.000007668084,0.00001504979,0.00000390881,0.0002113666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002814624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01488531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003251517","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1001841","title":"Emergent Global Patterns of Ecosystem Structure and Function from a Mechanistic General Ecosystem Model","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Biology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Microsoft Research","keywords":"Ecosystem; Trophic level; Ecology; Ecosystem model; Biology; Marine ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Function (biology); Range (aeronautics); Ecosystem services; Macroecology; Theoretical ecology; Functional ecology; Environmental resource management; Biodiversity; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Michael Harfoot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Newbold","is_ca":false},{"name":"Derek P. Tittensor","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Emmott","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jon Hutton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vassily Lyutsarev","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew J. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jörn P. W. Scharlemann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Drew W. Purves","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005866809773457159,"gpt":0.1915908011707417,"spread":0.1857239913972845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004386316,0.0004681745,0.0003927845,0.0003732055,0.000296225,0.0006631229,0.0007532168,0.0007868718,0.001096703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001051432,0.0002351009,0.0006309238,0.0003258699,0.0006551963,0.001173816,0.0006850392,0.0005259597,0.0001238649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008086671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004951134,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004458794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003352703,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999164,0.00003326663,0.000003278955,0.00001999398,0.000009906141,0.00001706331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997954,0.00008441928,0.00003602449,0.00003134949,0.00002371997,0.00002910355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002043118,0.00001734251,0.003241337,0.00002197869,0.00002660929,0.00008604029,0.00005666339,0.9700453,0.001701696,0.02275884,0.0003518213,0.001672018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009246225,0.00001567584,0.001618406,0.000005161994,0.0000110015,0.00003783613,0.00002621679,0.9753234,0.0001038513,0.02244078,0.0004004248,0.000008030793],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7842605,0.0003228733,0.1968817,0.001017832,0.00003412565,0.0000425861,0.0009040238,0.000238304,0.01629803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885204,0.0002073926,0.009258483,0.0001205969,0.0000112049,0.0000638859,0.0002544507,0.00002657472,0.001536974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004458794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008865654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127726653","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2006.09.003","title":"Local facilitation, bistability and transitions in arid ecosystems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Population Biology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":222,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Arid; Facilitation; Alternative stable state; Ecosystem; Bistability; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Desert (philosophy); Ecology; Regime shift; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Physics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Sonia Kéfi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Max Rietkerk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Minus van Baalen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michel Loreau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003374720080820843,"gpt":0.215830129157482,"spread":0.2124554090766612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006305805,0.0001027568,0.0002493257,0.0003960582,0.0003231994,0.0007044748,0.0003371826,0.0003907376,0.0009710399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002528956,0.0001154852,0.0001405632,0.0002818338,0.001730665,0.0009845298,0.000528662,0.0004321911,0.00004173975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004641162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002159408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001753783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002619354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999201,0.00003301955,0.000003565435,0.00001483906,0.000009568771,0.00001889835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981217,0.001422416,0.0002218255,0.00006486779,0.00003161482,0.0001376106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006460927,0.0002797723,0.1298992,0.0004035473,0.0003293053,0.0009847989,0.002645125,0.1875038,0.01746675,0.5487878,0.002754206,0.1082996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006063252,0.00007671689,0.08027663,0.00002159904,0.0000635929,0.0003729995,0.0006999644,0.1130475,0.0003806573,0.8042593,0.0007076087,0.00003285002],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865646,0.001036155,0.008879923,0.0005822168,0.00001861889,0.000002402236,0.00001591987,0.0000309791,0.002869098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995234,0.0001179394,0.0001777594,0.00001321546,0.00001199711,0.000002143902,0.000002940063,0.000001613549,0.0001489711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001753783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00348717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2762624117","doi":"10.1038/ngeo3041","title":"Enhancing protection for vulnerable waters","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Western University","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Rulemaking; Scope (computer science); Government (linguistics); Environmental planning; Best practice; Freshwater ecosystem; Business; Sustainability; Uncertainty; Environmental resource management; Adaptive management; Political science; Law; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Irena F. Creed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles R. Lane","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jacqueline N. Serran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laurie C. Alexander","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. B. Basu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aram J. K. Calhoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jay R. Christensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew J. Cohen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Craft","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. D’Amico","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward S. DeKeyser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurie Fowler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heather E. Golden","is_ca":false},{"name":"James W. Jawitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Kalla","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Katherine Kirkman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Megan Lang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott G. Leibowitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"David B. Lewis","is_ca":false},{"name":"John M. Marton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel L. McLaughlin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hadas Raanan-Kiperwas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark C. Rains","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kai C. Rains","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lora L. Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006321345543477796,"gpt":0.2445269434365055,"spread":0.2382055978930277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008251349,0.0004072019,0.0002042246,0.00097164,0.001427045,0.001953377,0.0008125133,0.001076357,0.01523484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003044993,0.0001126894,0.0003572258,0.0005352127,0.001256769,0.002485327,0.006794214,0.0009958588,0.001278838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001155508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003783827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004404563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01074262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994915,0.0001159419,0.00001756818,0.00005059444,0.0001237063,0.0002008339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989491,0.0001301005,0.0001905309,0.0001937993,0.0002074756,0.0003290854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002444853,0.0004592408,0.05559982,0.0007047984,0.0002128204,0.001749507,0.006126511,0.01523812,0.01945849,0.2812352,0.05456155,0.5644094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004947174,0.0006121127,0.06768163,0.001230523,0.0002434594,0.002384676,0.01761577,0.01097787,0.01013779,0.4286293,0.4603646,0.00007271709],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.4413191,0.002573197,0.03366628,0.04235803,0.0006305716,0.0001905559,0.0004586098,0.0004300847,0.4783735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745078,0.001231863,0.004781479,0.001240682,0.00009881204,0.00004411509,0.0001088897,0.00003443697,0.01795181],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01523484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05096555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125416062","doi":"10.1890/ehs14-0024.1","title":"Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosystem Health and Sustainability","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Environmental resource management; Action (physics); Warning system; Psychological resilience; Ecosystem management; Risk analysis (engineering); Ecosystem; Resilience (materials science); Business; Computer science; Environmental science; Ecology; Engineering; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Kimberly A. Selkoe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thorsten Blenckner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret R. Caldwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Larry B. Crowder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ashley L. Erickson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy E. Essington","is_ca":false},{"name":"James A. Estes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rod Fujita","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin S. Halpern","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary E. Hunsicker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carrie V. Kappel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan P. Kelly","is_ca":false},{"name":"John N. Kittinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Phillip S. Levin","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Lynham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Megan Mach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rebecca Martone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lindley A. Mease","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne K. Salomon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jameal F. Samhouri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Courtney Scarborough","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrian C. Stier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Crow White","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joy B. Zedler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01706820678421324,"gpt":0.2721029689418947,"spread":0.2550347621576814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009736514,0.001507544,0.0008549563,0.002600464,0.003014793,0.005834247,0.007279816,0.007423909,0.004201551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008224643,0.0007830022,0.001354052,0.001041587,0.01495166,0.006243111,0.009575861,0.00821435,0.001524185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003823837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008934188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004518079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007856049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954457,0.001582991,0.0003556891,0.0006057753,0.001607406,0.000402454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951324,0.001220055,0.0008441184,0.0004763939,0.001673356,0.0006535756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003285337,0.0003191589,0.002941073,0.0009187342,0.0001215488,0.0007659241,0.003034474,0.09178924,0.003125177,0.7883317,0.0338232,0.07479693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002776984,0.0001737492,0.0009764294,0.000729982,0.00003983606,0.0002367733,0.001762604,0.02313773,0.0006374435,0.8943229,0.0778533,0.0001014882],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01435946,0.003013809,0.7775902,0.1170686,0.001210285,0.001544353,0.0002610957,0.0006770093,0.0842751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3814197,0.004004124,0.5855109,0.01173944,0.0007203366,0.002466672,0.0001894556,0.0001497038,0.01379965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009736514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05149221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1562201543","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01956.x","title":"Ecosystem management based on natural disturbances: hierarchical context and non‐equilibrium paradigm","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Ecology","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Disturbance (geology); Context (archaeology); Ecology; Ecosystem; Natural (archaeology); Environmental resource management; Ecosystem management; Environmental science; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Akira Mori","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005045969887430546,"gpt":0.1857759569560969,"spread":0.1807299870686664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008088147,0.0003091755,0.0004673367,0.0006667258,0.0006199662,0.001738396,0.0009640381,0.0006524122,0.003229636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009927512,0.0001003455,0.0004121362,0.0007651184,0.002586322,0.001791467,0.001220942,0.00118048,0.0002078968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002268956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00160948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002531682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005178735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996322,0.0001660062,0.0000299532,0.00005404179,0.00007918766,0.00003850993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994555,0.0002450132,0.00009303918,0.00005004495,0.0001034704,0.00005294962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005302166,0.00007055892,0.002519239,0.002974276,0.0001066417,0.0003656461,0.0008051614,0.01816848,0.001095808,0.821772,0.009911894,0.1421574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001067002,0.00005446828,0.00511731,0.001580234,0.00006610919,0.0001739552,0.0009665,0.009407475,0.0003265816,0.9067963,0.07547769,0.00002267775],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07218543,0.435942,0.1798898,0.05537502,0.003981721,0.0003227474,0.0005069671,0.0002166059,0.2515798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8135665,0.1564172,0.01717393,0.003802277,0.001337624,0.0002420044,0.0002141576,0.00002736769,0.007218995],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003229636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0164625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152415179","doi":"10.1086/324791","title":"Spatial Heterogeneity and Irreversible Vegetation Change in Semiarid Grazing Systems","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Naturalist","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Grazing; Herbivore; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Spatial heterogeneity; Plant cover; Vegetation cover; Ecology; Spatial ecology; Soil science; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Biology; Canopy","authors":[{"name":"Johan van de Koppel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Max Rietkerk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank van Langevelde","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lalit Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher A. Klausmeier","is_ca":false},{"name":"John M. Fryxell","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Hearne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jelte van Andel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nico de Ridder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew K. Skidmore","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Stroosnijder","is_ca":false},{"name":"H.H.T. Prins","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01365628160315226,"gpt":0.2329520067027311,"spread":0.2192957250995788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003161637,0.000123468,0.0001959351,0.0005239715,0.0003649465,0.0005767758,0.0002873972,0.0003188815,0.000749869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001730392,0.0001597964,0.0002010222,0.000349697,0.0009582978,0.000653002,0.0005749092,0.0001984092,0.0000494765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009158494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001950174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007399252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007953131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998512,0.0000520332,0.000008137119,0.00002689967,0.00001683202,0.00004484803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992306,0.0002882204,0.0002674155,0.00007378087,0.00004008849,0.00009986016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002610786,0.0001211844,0.4012474,0.00008366164,0.0002478357,0.001297963,0.001489869,0.5229554,0.01083359,0.04401762,0.0006425823,0.01680183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003028752,0.00009635824,0.4050372,0.00001762657,0.00006881175,0.0004329462,0.001078345,0.5427617,0.0006867634,0.04884587,0.0009099134,0.00003427701],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973636,0.0000530988,0.001870797,0.00007656056,0.000001355824,0.000002019105,0.00002363994,0.0000149184,0.0005940316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998424,0.00001646503,0.00008024884,0.000003219515,9.764544e-7,0.000001020123,0.0000103773,8.359142e-7,0.00004449777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007399252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01471239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2910500871","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2018.01964","title":"Early-Warning Signals of Individual Tree Mortality Based on Annual Radial Growth","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Plant Science","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Forest Service; University of Alberta; Université Laval; Natural Resources Canada; Centre de Géomatique du Québec; University of Victoria","funders":"Horizon 2020; Vlaamse regering; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Research, Development and Innovation Office; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Autocorrelation; Gymnosperm; Biology; Dendrochronology; Tree (set theory); Variance (accounting); Ecology; Metric (unit); Demography; Statistics; Mathematics; Botany; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Maxime Cailleret","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vasilis Dakos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven Jansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elisabeth M. R. Robert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tuomas Aakala","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mariano M. Amoroso","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joe A. Antos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christof Bigler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harald Bugmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marco Caccianaga","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Julio Camarero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paolo Cherubini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie R. Coyea","is_ca":true},{"name":"Katarina Čufar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrian J. Das","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hendrik Davi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guillermo Gea‐Izquierdo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sten Gillner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurel J. Haavik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henrik Hartmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana‐Maria Hereş","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin R. Hultine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavel Janda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey M. Kane","is_ca":false},{"name":"Viachelsav I. Kharuk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Kitzberger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tamir Klein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tom Levanič","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan Carlos Linares","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabio Lombardi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Harri Mäkinen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ilona Mészáros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juha M. Metsaranta","is_ca":true},{"name":"Walter Oberhuber","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Papadopoulos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Any Mary Petriţan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brigitte Rohner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriel Sangüesa‐Barreda","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. M. B. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amanda B. Stan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dejan Stojanović","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Laura Suárez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miroslav Svoboda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Volodymyr Trotsiuk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ricardo Villalba","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alana R. Westwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter H. Wyckoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005462900890502592,"gpt":0.1999793509813989,"spread":0.1945164500908963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007761395,0.000248846,0.0002421386,0.001126668,0.0001548701,0.0003501473,0.0002345308,0.0001662823,0.0009567469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001729667,0.00008374947,0.0002139345,0.0007466524,0.0001251627,0.0003834959,0.0003613814,0.0002751531,0.0002306498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001383521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001165469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001280083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004043249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997699,0.00005579413,0.00002098127,0.0000748653,0.00004885955,0.00002959059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981167,0.0006172928,0.0007900908,0.0001568852,0.0001883989,0.0001306907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002523199,0.0000487456,0.9412625,0.00008107474,0.0001257032,0.0001070163,0.0001924296,0.003040796,0.02489177,0.0003083665,0.0003265552,0.0293628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002583116,0.00006561768,0.9909224,0.000006600433,0.00002606169,0.000101781,0.00006500238,0.006441296,0.001858337,0.0001795968,0.0003217776,0.000009053111],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926535,0.0002113744,0.005621742,0.00001579264,0.000007592766,0.000007392502,0.0007856927,0.00007815634,0.0006187485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966123,0.00006756262,0.002254487,0.000006268059,0.000009669335,0.000007133236,0.0008704907,0.000009276287,0.0001629186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001280083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004104674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092371372","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biaa088","title":"The Ecology of Disturbance Interactions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioScience","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Elitenetzwerk Bayern; Bayerische Forschungsallianz; University of Northern British Columbia; University of Nevada, Las Vegas","keywords":"Disturbance (geology); Ecology; Dependency (UML); Ecosystem; Environmental science; Cumulative effects; Natural (archaeology); Environmental resource management; Geography; Computer science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Philip J. Burton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anke Jentsch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lawrence R. Walker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007119167490152284,"gpt":0.2106823148723861,"spread":0.2035631473822338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007115344,0.000205965,0.0002771586,0.001493288,0.0007793631,0.002467774,0.000385734,0.0006610322,0.003291657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004025456,0.0002002676,0.0002137899,0.000898606,0.001821278,0.0009661305,0.00181719,0.0004632931,0.0002403164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009381271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000379974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00235455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003562474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989911,0.000420475,0.0000529441,0.0001628268,0.0001690601,0.0002034702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950098,0.00261125,0.001141571,0.0003046579,0.0004447355,0.0004881321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003476837,0.0002541819,0.8005838,0.0003259161,0.0004905769,0.001299179,0.003453939,0.01886533,0.01354197,0.05403697,0.003171385,0.103629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002995373,0.0001955932,0.905651,0.0001122796,0.0001016939,0.001751418,0.003929934,0.02189049,0.000879646,0.05230101,0.01310235,0.00005456617],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9547467,0.001321529,0.007374077,0.0007411277,0.00002582596,0.00004069799,0.000209951,0.00005285197,0.03548725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998944,0.0001561006,0.0003493589,0.00003981778,0.000007157382,0.000008740352,0.00004480588,0.00000358384,0.0004464546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003291657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01101172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2547121633","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1604978113","title":"Early warning signals of regime shifts in coupled human–environment systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Warning system; Tipping point (physics); Regime shift; Ecosystem; Variety (cybernetics); Early warning system; SIGNAL (programming language); Complex system; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; State (computer science); Computer science; Ecology; Telecommunications; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Chris T. Bauch","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ram Sigdel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe Pharaon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madhur Anand","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02041655777284664,"gpt":0.2536801567132843,"spread":0.2332635989404377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001036514,0.0003562659,0.0003558316,0.0006015016,0.0003408161,0.001095817,0.0004784705,0.0006825491,0.00176168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005687989,0.0002742127,0.0004422496,0.0002599363,0.001406494,0.001874186,0.001382296,0.0009126959,0.00006453563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008388518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003364008,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004648544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003240875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99967,0.0001423519,0.00001454222,0.00008274175,0.00004118772,0.00004905841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975694,0.001423652,0.0006443484,0.0001193504,0.00007966607,0.0001636662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002240571,0.0001076711,0.05052613,0.00009271842,0.0002343807,0.0003719439,0.0007539374,0.872122,0.007456774,0.0540606,0.001022411,0.01302738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001773301,0.00004913188,0.0164541,0.00001538172,0.00002338517,0.00005902582,0.0002020309,0.9525083,0.0004097708,0.02982477,0.0004036842,0.00003278461],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9365091,0.0001279629,0.05878065,0.0004865356,0.00002253219,0.00002032818,0.000117018,0.0001220308,0.003813826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985399,0.00002927384,0.001131578,0.0000223331,0.00000413616,0.000005145258,0.00001385305,0.00000468305,0.0002490261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004648544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009242952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3192348125","doi":"10.1038/s41561-021-00790-5","title":"Past abrupt changes, tipping points and cascading impacts in the Earth system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Past Global Changes; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Earth system science; Climate change; Geologic record; Lead (geology); Climate system; Warning system; Abrupt climate change; Regime shift; Environmental science; Geology; Climatology; Environmental resource management; Earth science; Global warming; Ecology; Computer science; Effects of global warming; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"﻿Victor Brovkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward J. Brook","is_ca":false},{"name":"John W. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sebastian Bathiany","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy M. Lenton","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Michael Barton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert M. DeConto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan F. Donges","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrey Ganopolski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jerry F McManus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Summer Praetorius","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne de Vernal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ayako Abe‐Ouchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hai Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Claußen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michel Crucifix","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gilberto C. Gallopín","is_ca":false},{"name":"Virginia Iglesias","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darrell S. Kaufman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Kleinen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabrice Lambert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sander van der Leeuw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannah M. Liddy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie‐France Loutre","is_ca":false},{"name":"David McGee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kira Rehfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachael H. Rhodes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alistair W. R. Seddon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin H. Trauth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lilian Vanderveken","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zicheng Yu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003560676304396156,"gpt":0.2086496557425326,"spread":0.2050889794381364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00125161,0.0002381867,0.0003357705,0.001701843,0.000941264,0.002078178,0.0005474994,0.0008279438,0.003258619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008118287,0.0002596719,0.0003972631,0.002002622,0.002206797,0.002263499,0.001750991,0.001083568,0.0002180095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001084571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003676155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01070097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01335746,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996951,0.00007710506,0.00002462037,0.00007931516,0.00004356295,0.00008030529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971916,0.001303211,0.0006427061,0.0002199883,0.0002202877,0.0004222117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005144202,0.0002019232,0.7376538,0.0001635366,0.0004785218,0.001099707,0.002424295,0.1741094,0.001916243,0.03528484,0.001838487,0.04431488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002210211,0.0001525532,0.8273656,0.00004012004,0.0001511653,0.0003425559,0.002978428,0.06654337,0.0002431533,0.1006479,0.001437114,0.0000758817],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960371,0.0003420331,0.001146635,0.0003557718,0.00001609496,0.000003570764,0.0001378299,0.00002591057,0.001935045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996789,0.00008749965,0.00007593312,0.000005756545,0.000005200814,9.872643e-7,0.00002293138,0.000001998266,0.000120668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01070097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02127737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972719272","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2019.09.004","title":"Long transients in ecology: Theory and applications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Physics of Life Reviews","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo","funders":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research; National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis","keywords":"Ecology; Anticipation (artificial intelligence); Population; Variety (cybernetics); Theoretical ecology; Ecological systems theory; Computer science; Biology; Sociology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Morozov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen C. Abbott","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kim Cuddington","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tessa B. Francis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriel Gellner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alan Hastings","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ying-Cheng Lai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergei Petrovskii","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine Scranton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary Lou Zeeman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03481916286230972,"gpt":0.3160609809909152,"spread":0.2812418181286055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001350233,0.001437092,0.002279685,0.003105238,0.0004098444,0.002046151,0.001464255,0.002269518,0.003864433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002865382,0.0004009559,0.000598951,0.005016661,0.001473434,0.00326501,0.001497281,0.003016955,0.00139928],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001456938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00196015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001547769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002180242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996372,0.00008354917,0.00003911008,0.00007847918,0.0001304357,0.00003110328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983674,0.001106369,0.0001410167,0.00005728779,0.0002438118,0.00008403616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004425441,0.00005510141,0.0001939381,0.015054,0.0001143248,0.00007385508,0.0001037811,0.001610064,0.0007229986,0.04328583,0.03534456,0.9033973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000203737,0.00005598439,0.0008272027,0.006004456,0.0001686675,0.0004526606,0.00008788166,0.0006318883,0.000253292,0.06814959,0.9232996,0.00004840629],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006197081,0.9980636,0.0004800537,0.0003466987,0.0002459153,0.000002658948,0.00001619508,0.000008266281,0.000774654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001028034,0.9971438,0.0004330351,0.0002526381,0.0006111561,0.000007987201,0.0000233649,0.000003368526,0.0004965469],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003864433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01292783,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947736674","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab2619","title":"Social-ecological network analysis for sustainability sciences: a systematic review and innovative research agenda for the future","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Research Letters","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Liber Ero Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Research and Development; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sustainability; Management science; Field (mathematics); Social network analysis; Computer science; Sociology; Ecology; Social science; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jesse S. Sayles","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Mancilla García","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Hamilton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven M. Alexander","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacopo A. Baggio","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Paige Fischer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrin Ingold","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwendŵr R. Meredith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy Pittman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1048186323188432,"gpt":0.4316341936000632,"spread":0.32681556128122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01086252,0.001251787,0.003144136,0.01218386,0.0008480549,0.003982346,0.001858546,0.002314486,0.005879778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0363938,0.0006207754,0.003003642,0.01577379,0.001495834,0.007274238,0.002128731,0.002453648,0.0006812013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003916479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01640993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007352338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0200278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964251,0.001679638,0.0007466582,0.0003516955,0.0006607136,0.0001362215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9540408,0.03851861,0.002646895,0.0008480761,0.003478891,0.0004666957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005563405,0.00005578531,0.001299319,0.3179514,0.001253848,0.0001620427,0.0007735051,0.0007318349,0.0002181236,0.01713515,0.02490719,0.6354561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003488703,0.0001006847,0.004701145,0.5098069,0.004392132,0.0005953709,0.001605178,0.0007308229,0.0001833157,0.01924664,0.4585055,0.0000974096],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001721182,0.9970324,0.0005134857,0.001590422,0.0002404967,0.0000279094,0.00006369934,0.000009017367,0.0003504684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002428287,0.9949574,0.00163893,0.0005691373,0.0001577838,0.00007259719,0.00007231092,0.000004832094,0.00009880761],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01218386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05744714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W223374150","doi":"10.5751/es-03720-150324","title":"Novelty, Adaptive Capacity, and Resilience","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Society","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Novelty; Resilience (materials science); Adaptive capacity; Computer science; Environmental resource management; Climate change; Environmental science; Ecology; Psychology; Biology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Craig R. Allen","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. S. Holling","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005110011312494378,"gpt":0.199545858303669,"spread":0.1944358469911746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003111871,0.0006266906,0.0004477798,0.002881425,0.001422845,0.003374904,0.00122588,0.001897605,0.004764552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007513948,0.0002030383,0.0008115245,0.001598047,0.01529492,0.007668505,0.004418324,0.001557231,0.0002452114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001814932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009259145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009085537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000633219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983575,0.0006836315,0.00008578214,0.0003098117,0.0003199875,0.0002431912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938505,0.003586797,0.0009686457,0.0006351092,0.0003789809,0.0005799601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009395338,0.0000153872,0.002764972,0.00005633113,0.00002320701,0.0001018915,0.0008693391,0.003596096,0.0002822074,0.9832283,0.0003382623,0.008714574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006187696,0.00003253113,0.00306492,0.00004763851,0.00001421769,0.0002420504,0.0005565776,0.004617725,0.000142202,0.985244,0.006010892,0.00002106205],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3061074,0.006517307,0.3180145,0.03841998,0.0002799181,0.0002681766,0.0003925494,0.0002180092,0.3297822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858446,0.0006632598,0.01107433,0.0003173307,0.00009562534,0.0001173169,0.00003292439,0.00000822733,0.001846382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004764552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01645732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971755138","doi":"10.1111/ele.13382","title":"Assessing the causes of diversification slowdowns: temperature‐dependent and diversity‐dependent models receive equivalent support","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Seventh Framework Programme; University of British Columbia; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Diversification (marketing strategy); Diversity (politics); Ecology; Environmental resource management; Biology; Environmental science; Business; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Fabien L. Condamine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Rolland","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hélène Morlon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01792838301158151,"gpt":0.2338727106984169,"spread":0.2159443276868354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01174028,0.00073029,0.001077833,0.001289013,0.0011428,0.002657999,0.002723142,0.003149129,0.005998715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08043799,0.0002925531,0.001047923,0.001276396,0.002288286,0.004184318,0.002540866,0.003088637,0.001664235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002256262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006680717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00361652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002908098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996342,0.001984949,0.0002073244,0.0008223415,0.0004248847,0.0002184074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9298978,0.0563065,0.003420765,0.005240586,0.003409704,0.00172462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003276002,0.0002521252,0.3889125,0.001242783,0.002068177,0.005165383,0.002208333,0.1130768,0.00558906,0.1255221,0.0531682,0.2995186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001398492,0.0001668093,0.05639812,0.0003392156,0.0003438032,0.002435472,0.001192634,0.5778058,0.00181909,0.3437546,0.01544052,0.0001640818],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6775676,0.01259229,0.1144727,0.1560863,0.003099865,0.00006328664,0.001317078,0.0007631195,0.03403775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832203,0.001906057,0.005635203,0.006144212,0.001724412,0.00002825443,0.0002886886,0.0001229453,0.0009298818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01174028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06208926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020705395","doi":"10.1086/593357","title":"The Allee Effect and Infectious Diseases: Extinction, Multistability, and the (Dis‐)Appearance of Oscillations","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Naturalist","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Allee effect; Multistability; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Biology; Ecology; Zoology; Statistical physics; Physics; Environmental health; Medicine; Population; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Frank M. Hilker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michel Langlais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Horst Malchow","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002067595051166128,"gpt":0.2053667765943679,"spread":0.2032991815432017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003508834,0.0001791801,0.0002238885,0.0002838073,0.0002450307,0.0007788661,0.0001971363,0.0005213853,0.0009426542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002116992,0.0001201773,0.0002268687,0.0001662557,0.001050482,0.0009916722,0.0009319969,0.0005145621,0.00006960337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000285516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001614616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003251927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003165039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998899,0.00003689681,0.000005414427,0.00002041424,0.00002159833,0.00002586352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988808,0.0006051764,0.0003157131,0.00007120945,0.0000368512,0.00009036432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002176632,0.0001393355,0.04525294,0.0003861956,0.0001550778,0.001173235,0.0009978979,0.1691257,0.1387036,0.5721243,0.00292303,0.06880108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004670607,0.000143431,0.03859153,0.00007409616,0.00008084289,0.001562819,0.0002688143,0.4270767,0.01005326,0.5175549,0.004477291,0.00006957212],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8846684,0.003314584,0.09697493,0.00303884,0.00005179902,0.00001029879,0.00005073947,0.0001205837,0.01176987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997921,0.0003060124,0.001324051,0.00005183118,0.00001743981,0.000004916297,0.000006279284,0.000003450595,0.0003650022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009426542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003153443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592998964","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1611525114","title":"Black-swan events in animal populations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Simon Fraser University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada","keywords":"Black swan theory; Population; Ecology; Density dependence; Climate change; Abundance (ecology); Productivity; Geography; Biology; Demography; Statistics; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Sean C. Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Trevor A. Branch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew B. Cooper","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicholas K. Dulvy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04101724524541989,"gpt":0.3155747534716048,"spread":0.2745575082261849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00227798,0.0003932686,0.0002900616,0.0007657183,0.0004464249,0.0007754165,0.0005167589,0.000721016,0.001538931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01291578,0.0002761895,0.0006742332,0.0005155489,0.0009756269,0.001286776,0.000921323,0.0006385786,0.0002686073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007849734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000377051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01038378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01506778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993644,0.0001766633,0.00004506748,0.0002536887,0.0001071299,0.00005308515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944352,0.002509376,0.001906109,0.0005352655,0.0003662661,0.0002476805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103858,0.00005842087,0.9195225,0.00004053899,0.0001960492,0.0002603596,0.0003850787,0.0517133,0.001883026,0.004652058,0.001113858,0.02007106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001547495,0.00009927103,0.5498484,0.00005739151,0.00006625722,0.0003783514,0.0003391611,0.4368161,0.00134512,0.009560349,0.001433432,0.00004066711],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830314,0.000104719,0.01492086,0.0002175317,0.00002242559,0.00001610485,0.0002522155,0.00008360495,0.001351153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970261,0.00006752348,0.002218525,0.00004846861,0.00001303381,0.00001062556,0.0002843298,0.00001167706,0.000319552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01038378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02064669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024306103","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.020","title":"Integrating resilience thinking and optimisation for conservation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; Ian Potter Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); Interdependence; Scarcity; Perspective (graphical); Management science; Resource (disambiguation); Psychological resilience; Environmental resource management; Outcome (game theory); Computer science; Ecological resilience; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental planning; Business; Sociology; Economics; Psychology; Geography; Artificial intelligence; Microeconomics; Social psychology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Joern Fischer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Garry Peterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Toby Gardner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Line Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ioan Fazey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Elmqvist","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam Felton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carl Folke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen Dovers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007630108543177305,"gpt":0.2498526903401288,"spread":0.2422225817969515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00387216,0.0008667327,0.0007908729,0.00125381,0.0006546885,0.002302497,0.0011559,0.001529153,0.007306142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01051842,0.0003387777,0.000861116,0.0009310858,0.004480974,0.005808953,0.002454298,0.002236577,0.0003632459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002136739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001736088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001923836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003020762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987947,0.0006537152,0.00005980032,0.0001587088,0.0002133521,0.0001197386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946767,0.003744243,0.0004911109,0.0004676492,0.0003646384,0.0002556428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003249961,0.00003650532,0.0008421714,0.0001697216,0.00008687789,0.00003622856,0.0001664913,0.1079957,0.0002080113,0.8478748,0.001812634,0.04073836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004812443,0.00001395661,0.00017792,0.00003669658,0.00001234654,0.00001215258,0.00007335233,0.03773791,0.00006686422,0.9595916,0.002263912,0.000008464921],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05496672,0.01071285,0.8165711,0.02745324,0.000785143,0.00006060415,0.0001141236,0.0001927181,0.08914361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8975049,0.003348259,0.09273352,0.0008002237,0.0004280404,0.00009042808,0.000053715,0.0000955704,0.004945285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007306142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02444142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2339044014","doi":"10.5751/es-01777-110209","title":"Variance as a Leading Indicator of Regime Shift in Ecosystem Services","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Society","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecosystem services; Variance (accounting); Regime shift; Environmental resource management; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Geography; Ecology; Natural resource economics; Business; Economics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"William A. Brock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen R. Carpenter","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002298553817348094,"gpt":0.1952178379343585,"spread":0.1929192841170104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00250988,0.0003310441,0.0003727807,0.002534304,0.0004326088,0.001035208,0.0002307235,0.0005903024,0.001086449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01684621,0.0001838663,0.0005165558,0.00104708,0.001161848,0.001164777,0.001129676,0.001169463,0.0001624562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000713792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004143675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001453722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001695714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990473,0.0002984966,0.00007624351,0.0002119045,0.0002070289,0.0001590146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9857919,0.008193571,0.003172374,0.0009088353,0.001073424,0.0008599192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000602446,0.0002009093,0.8565781,0.0001025648,0.000283488,0.0002912894,0.001018328,0.02952085,0.0188517,0.02418154,0.001128681,0.06724012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002201036,0.0003544214,0.8329088,0.0000487504,0.00005718752,0.0003576257,0.000554337,0.1061865,0.006684872,0.05117308,0.001513721,0.0001387189],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9540229,0.0001743131,0.04101736,0.0002611116,0.00004813722,0.00002485529,0.0003061526,0.0001931418,0.003952028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960952,0.00003144328,0.003539664,0.0000178527,0.00002247992,0.000008022231,0.0001071636,0.000009973587,0.0001680885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002534304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01327366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751124912","doi":"10.5751/es-09427-220317","title":"A quantitative framework for assessing ecological resilience","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Society","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); Environmental resource management; Socio-ecological system; Ecological resilience; Adaptive management; Computer science; Ecosystem; Ecology; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental science; Business; Resource (disambiguation); Biology","authors":[{"name":"Didier L. Baho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Craig R. Allen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahjond S. Garmestani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannah B. Fried‐Petersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sophia Elise Renes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lance Gunderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"David G. Angeler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01901432227790806,"gpt":0.3208285503033099,"spread":0.3018142280254019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02048355,0.002207686,0.001104274,0.008239667,0.001603641,0.005836169,0.002844891,0.002222137,0.004757242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03822388,0.0005323442,0.001748174,0.004579682,0.009697031,0.00888029,0.003809167,0.003714608,0.0008126895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003782517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002993293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003838809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002038855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9856558,0.008462026,0.001133554,0.001540493,0.002836907,0.0003713109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9774486,0.01373593,0.002756619,0.002646073,0.002858736,0.0005540121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005924276,0.0000190085,0.000632882,0.0001588446,0.00004610046,0.00004307621,0.0002406892,0.0171569,0.000420006,0.9629078,0.001560928,0.0168078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003747701,0.00002680008,0.0005263111,0.0001676186,0.00001760194,0.00006529257,0.0001996225,0.01766704,0.0001968161,0.9643336,0.01676102,0.00003452201],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002205591,0.002143205,0.9789362,0.002738053,0.0001814581,0.0001188191,0.0005055094,0.0001621484,0.01300901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2352931,0.003513125,0.7550473,0.00103674,0.000556067,0.001332826,0.0007159043,0.0001306766,0.002374231],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02048355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1083287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099073499","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0904946106","title":"Contingencies and compounded rare perturbations dictate sudden distributional shifts during periods of gradual climate change","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Limit (mathematics); Pace; Environmental science; Tipping point (physics); Intertidal zone; Climatology; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Geology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Christopher D. G. Harley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert T. Paine","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02443007746698561,"gpt":0.2612347202710161,"spread":0.2368046428040305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007074458,0.00009687566,0.0002461028,0.000485332,0.0004322057,0.0006348178,0.0002449504,0.0002632968,0.0009931249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003489534,0.00017175,0.0002202568,0.0003916023,0.0007182751,0.0006703032,0.0007041298,0.0005130938,0.000134039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000321618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002278019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002520873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008886381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996679,0.00008748367,0.00002898902,0.0001097838,0.00004774247,0.00005813663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986086,0.0004549374,0.000427342,0.0002617199,0.0001126683,0.0001346923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000178027,0.00003889986,0.9499694,0.00004268617,0.0001323339,0.0002764382,0.0004739604,0.01223742,0.02191618,0.00158675,0.0003843862,0.01276358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004139869,0.00003191335,0.989213,0.000005819052,0.00001669058,0.0001599058,0.0004453214,0.007072961,0.001070684,0.001450759,0.0005140969,0.00001465613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998091,0.00002555674,0.000987752,0.00004033052,0.000003533289,0.000003410423,0.000131744,0.00001445842,0.0007020976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995291,0.00001357105,0.0002957688,0.00001033951,0.000002149651,0.000003681449,0.0001074959,0.000002751024,0.00003518863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002520873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005012393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082246629","doi":"10.3390/d2030395","title":"Ecological Systems as Complex Systems: Challenges for an Emerging Science","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Diversity","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McGill University; Université de Montréal; University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Ecological Society of America","keywords":"Complex system; Ecology; Ecological systems theory; Systems ecology; Scale (ratio); Simple (philosophy); Systems science; Computer science; Data science; Environmental resource management; Geography; Biology; Biodiversity; Environmental science; Applied ecology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Madhur Anand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Gonzalez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Guichard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jurek Kolasa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lael Parrott","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04779141679436275,"gpt":0.270861187266778,"spread":0.2230697704724153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01618468,0.001328276,0.003653705,0.003849676,0.003049793,0.01385688,0.002910425,0.008439177,0.006518178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02010499,0.0006824749,0.001111924,0.003412803,0.02742339,0.04137511,0.007173519,0.01649587,0.001780413],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004860885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006940212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002934888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002681234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994991,0.002435569,0.0002713375,0.0006565834,0.001382055,0.0002633974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9644964,0.02627916,0.001236758,0.002435356,0.003458943,0.002093354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002717138,0.00005553003,0.0007757972,0.001335333,0.00007444259,0.0001303963,0.001323445,0.001907624,0.0002414789,0.8704451,0.03698087,0.08670281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005858952,0.00001368899,0.0002668469,0.0003162418,0.000007801822,0.00006848375,0.0006977513,0.001226422,0.00002358673,0.9385883,0.05876824,0.00001675933],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004729656,0.444602,0.0418762,0.4904271,0.005282962,0.00005256368,0.0001889227,0.0001914246,0.01264917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2152754,0.6319293,0.06541991,0.05361774,0.02703379,0.0003016966,0.000296279,0.0001672634,0.005958612],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01618468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08559382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}