{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":2315,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":2315,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d096f4f3ee97","filters":{"topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth"}},"results":[{"id":"W1537056716","doi":"","title":"Applied General-Equilibrium Models of Taxation and International Trade: An Introduction and Survey","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economic Literature","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":910,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Foundation (evidence); Work (physics); Research council; Sociology; Economics; Political science; Management; Law and economics; Law; Philosophy; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"John B. Shoven","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Whalley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04038481709952466,"gpt":0.2257000270390938,"spread":0.1853152099395692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004719767,0.001632023,0.001989825,0.003457816,0.001098288,0.003975565,0.002966737,0.003770064,0.007448577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008962846,0.001399599,0.001884295,0.01037865,0.002291817,0.00650365,0.001934645,0.00389726,0.002050413],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003365117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001464486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006663295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004238807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998436,0.0009338033,0.000107519,0.0001544079,0.0002676385,0.0001006262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965008,0.002458671,0.000216855,0.000363821,0.0003710568,0.00008869131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001816847,0.0001201906,0.001294627,0.0003641664,0.00005312592,0.0002005678,0.0001986562,0.06056289,0.0001157557,0.8820749,0.01108329,0.04391374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008911983,0.00002404944,0.0003747176,0.0001682925,0.00001497144,0.000179466,0.00006436755,0.05567825,0.00004996026,0.8947399,0.04867283,0.00002426732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01378858,0.2558544,0.6360811,0.02220949,0.001380246,0.0001274241,0.0009289972,0.0004345821,0.06919505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3044486,0.4464154,0.1882922,0.003416823,0.007360762,0.000666387,0.001890317,0.0004405608,0.047069],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007448577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02496082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W655022340","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4327127","title":"Economic Freedom of the World: 2022 Annual Report","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":779,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fraser Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Economic freedom; Economics; Political science; Market economy","authors":[{"name":"JAMES D. GWARTNEY","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert F. Lawson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joshua C. Hall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan Murphy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simeon Djankov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fred McMahon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01260688561759724,"gpt":0.2241549801468863,"spread":0.2115480945292891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001922488,0.001752474,0.0007066123,0.004215456,0.0007652522,0.003501129,0.0009880371,0.002838355,0.02241731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00319423,0.0005274073,0.0005795927,0.005977811,0.000312435,0.002129807,0.001852501,0.002599962,0.01542509],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003260789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0101289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06083784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05325375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987996,0.0001093892,0.0000671836,0.00007254441,0.0006288697,0.0003224886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977326,0.0001630616,0.0001843003,0.00009450413,0.00135675,0.0004686504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009318809,0.00004431631,0.001214326,0.0002111261,0.00001529769,0.000035234,0.00003649044,0.0002577094,0.0001009415,0.002493319,0.9802383,0.01525975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002190929,0.00002463704,0.01836044,0.0002514073,0.0000178214,0.00003399545,0.0001174955,0.0001787171,0.0003385253,0.0008128937,0.9798205,0.00002161331],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.009504541,0.04028624,0.001959107,0.03411125,0.0374052,0.0005942829,0.6406362,0.001177878,0.2343253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05871877,0.04348192,0.004478297,0.007933472,0.004042615,0.002025802,0.4241647,0.0009068098,0.4542476],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06083784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1209674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166271455","doi":"10.3386/w16045","title":"Decomposition Methods in Economics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":745,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Decomposition; Economics; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Econometrics; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Nicole M. Fortin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Lemieux","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sérgio Firpo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4510095802167093,"gpt":0.5551465955629125,"spread":0.1041370153462032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006074404,0.001616668,0.001516223,0.003214195,0.0008180279,0.002910784,0.001129552,0.001623073,0.0119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01026557,0.0006570403,0.001707717,0.004608684,0.002599014,0.003190079,0.001944252,0.003553787,0.003964444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002342037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002246842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003120998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002187104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968719,0.001748312,0.00017465,0.0003028089,0.0007770048,0.0001253439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949191,0.003686194,0.000231458,0.0005201576,0.0005467823,0.0000962515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007208035,0.00001998255,0.0002600058,0.0002414519,0.00004220655,0.00002421793,0.00009482273,0.005210747,0.0000843313,0.9354392,0.01060516,0.04797066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000934017,0.000009049403,0.0002266136,0.0001602383,0.000009674201,0.00004210067,0.00004071682,0.01140389,0.00006247728,0.9358134,0.05221291,0.000009665504],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001573187,0.0473371,0.8950577,0.004480455,0.001275259,0.0001171787,0.0004820482,0.0003073841,0.04936959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1145311,0.09485392,0.7409663,0.002339545,0.005876794,0.001200533,0.001108557,0.0007860701,0.0383371],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03980947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037238221","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00061","title":"Testing the endogenous growth model: public expenditure, taxation, and growth over the long run","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":551,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Endogeneity; Economics; Welfare economics; Growth model; Public investment; Fiscal policy; Econometrics; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Michael Bleaney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norman Gemmell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Kneller","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2053070014457957,"gpt":0.1830581907059945,"spread":0.02224881073980117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007565095,0.0005483329,0.0006800758,0.000848641,0.000548714,0.002325674,0.00107379,0.001165507,0.006187892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02172542,0.0002239171,0.001148256,0.001826176,0.001349144,0.001523257,0.001681767,0.001387264,0.0005320333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001748475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002378712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02672045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009685745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974115,0.001615005,0.0001228419,0.0003670841,0.0002558326,0.0002277337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9504176,0.03730448,0.007958753,0.001991726,0.00125998,0.001067479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009563689,0.0004790483,0.8849664,0.0002327512,0.001183224,0.0004393697,0.000604598,0.0523986,0.0005847788,0.02783721,0.00188029,0.02843743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004256229,0.001308296,0.6924934,0.0003483233,0.00166021,0.0002602586,0.002978795,0.2339658,0.002471755,0.05565337,0.008323899,0.0001100918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9761586,0.001395877,0.009125514,0.003516613,0.00007928183,0.00006211306,0.001561505,0.00005957851,0.008041005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952858,0.0007296538,0.001201829,0.0002374555,0.00006617461,0.00005802571,0.0007542182,0.00001098598,0.001655898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02672045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05312979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125593734","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02391.x","title":"The Level and Distribution of Global Household Wealth","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Economic Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":368,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Distribution (mathematics); Library science; Sociology; Computer science; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"James Davies","is_ca":true},{"name":"Susanna Sandström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony Shorrocks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward N. Wolff","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0404777970797019,"gpt":0.2293268583563388,"spread":0.1888490612766369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005196443,0.0001039448,0.0002284888,0.001651262,0.0004382195,0.002882738,0.0001629062,0.000346968,0.02732904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003834552,0.000107107,0.000111882,0.003584808,0.000919135,0.002702699,0.001150886,0.0003985999,0.002697221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007957633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003764103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01018607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0149771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996866,0.00007075451,0.00001680727,0.00005490743,0.0001015565,0.00006945022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989894,0.000276202,0.0001934304,0.0001013448,0.0002066451,0.0002330134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003658546,0.0000741937,0.3077408,0.0004125836,0.0002352043,0.0004230356,0.009184261,0.002073344,0.001188319,0.1758602,0.1734409,0.3290013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001912992,0.00006627325,0.7524103,0.000477275,0.00003556371,0.0003593216,0.007376402,0.0006546882,0.0002410812,0.05066019,0.1876558,0.00004398339],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5182269,0.01430437,0.002237155,0.01648399,0.0002992293,0.00003760499,0.01039679,0.0001008151,0.4379131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9553217,0.006344341,0.0004390558,0.0004375743,0.0001906665,0.00001944425,0.001833178,0.00004304177,0.03537108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02732904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0914247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1555034039","doi":"10.3386/w9732","title":"Fifty Years of Mincer Earnings Regressions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":355,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Economics; Econometrics; Rate of return; Population; Cornerstone; Actuarial science; Accounting; Geography; Finance; Demography","authors":[{"name":"James Heckman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lance Lochner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Petra Todd","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4261931608926481,"gpt":0.4786065707334028,"spread":0.05241340984075471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00905799,0.001311424,0.00130967,0.004833615,0.0008283391,0.003551282,0.00162817,0.000767879,0.01034908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04326668,0.0007733727,0.001474453,0.00759572,0.001269387,0.003601233,0.002444976,0.002749932,0.004567018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00167627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001479422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0146834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009071551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962887,0.001405903,0.0003341376,0.0007007656,0.001056963,0.0002137039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9803699,0.01112139,0.001925003,0.003252661,0.002989454,0.0003416187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019751,0.0002228027,0.07847081,0.0005157121,0.0008085264,0.0003507787,0.0005043559,0.04155273,0.0002444714,0.1964065,0.08158614,0.5991396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006356985,0.00024537,0.09638014,0.001873472,0.0004837387,0.0006219632,0.0006019413,0.09969888,0.001795961,0.1680467,0.6299581,0.0002301449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1904472,0.2231621,0.3405925,0.0302822,0.004421588,0.000425118,0.02083659,0.003052037,0.1867807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6414506,0.1490745,0.0775528,0.005563632,0.007279078,0.0003828242,0.02690895,0.002022116,0.08976548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0146834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04790378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005610721","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.064","title":"Information communication technology and electricity consumption in emerging economies","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Policy","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":347,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"World Bank Group","keywords":"Information and Communications Technology; Electricity; Consumption (sociology); Economics; Developing country; Odds; The Internet; Business; Economic growth; Engineering; Logistic regression","authors":[{"name":"Perry Sadorsky","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01918228687999909,"gpt":0.2278644488328439,"spread":0.2086821619528448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006140674,0.0002017038,0.000234708,0.0007022665,0.0004704292,0.002254181,0.0002178633,0.0008869742,0.003400493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004479139,0.0002091663,0.0002869063,0.002229797,0.0008603213,0.002320343,0.0004765836,0.001206385,0.0001659606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002215878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001289782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04071777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04313914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998191,0.00006709656,0.00001474207,0.00001471468,0.00002863873,0.00005575507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965757,0.002163279,0.0007048824,0.00007989837,0.0003263889,0.0001499326],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007747244,0.0006320857,0.5179712,0.0003047763,0.0002312762,0.001969653,0.001906911,0.1373138,0.001117302,0.2838291,0.009761669,0.0441877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001610819,0.0002630679,0.4816785,0.0003451745,0.0004211919,0.0006660575,0.008684642,0.1569762,0.002970735,0.322363,0.0253634,0.0001069554],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9679474,0.004332819,0.002228605,0.009789085,0.00007979311,0.00000995715,0.0003559324,0.0000172611,0.01523894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946733,0.002759223,0.0001408612,0.0001021179,0.00005844516,0.000003041413,0.0001171748,0.000003042971,0.002142774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04071777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08096153,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125216850","doi":"10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00016-5","title":"Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: International Lessons for Developing Countries","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Development","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":311,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mandate; Flexibility (engineering); Developing country; Economics; Business; Public economics; Development economics; Economic growth; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Richard M. Bird","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Smart","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0716837340762843,"gpt":0.2448730395009748,"spread":0.1731893054246905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006991033,0.0009935952,0.001056316,0.002349975,0.001923834,0.01046005,0.00125448,0.004232403,0.0176758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01596544,0.000241898,0.0008478651,0.009337717,0.003305721,0.009606562,0.003435613,0.007446681,0.001235585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00752048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01605288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04420032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04414344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986628,0.0004396864,0.00003953305,0.00009576552,0.0002696044,0.0004925872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949684,0.002178306,0.0005066419,0.0003352306,0.001323632,0.0006877406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005432793,0.0003015995,0.007883072,0.000365708,0.0001066306,0.0001689013,0.0009356238,0.006997245,0.00008370201,0.6580383,0.1897988,0.1347771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002451025,0.00007219798,0.01446532,0.002613347,0.0001808,0.0001065091,0.005254569,0.002211662,0.0002817246,0.5958463,0.3786626,0.00005982832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03228572,0.1210956,0.00405818,0.7056404,0.005391012,0.00003107737,0.002346622,0.0002210859,0.1289303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7281197,0.2009514,0.00294032,0.03064085,0.00676149,0.0001303193,0.001658437,0.0001524115,0.02864508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04420032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0878861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123347893","doi":"10.1162/08893360052390220","title":"How Large Are Human-Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NBER Macroeconomics Annual","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":272,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Externality; Economics; Human capital; Labour economics; Attendance; Wage; State (computer science); Capital (architecture); Zero (linguistics); Demographic economics; Microeconomics; Market economy; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"Daron Acemoğlu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joshua D. Angrist","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03387050605655197,"gpt":0.2386092758602129,"spread":0.2047387698036609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002460853,0.0002669926,0.000545833,0.001545734,0.0005267499,0.001640668,0.0006418808,0.0008817124,0.01025018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01898417,0.0002819962,0.0006035486,0.002072851,0.001939455,0.001184969,0.001624749,0.001681139,0.0007878108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009824767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008110041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02513147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02443736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986784,0.0003354287,0.0001102408,0.0003145978,0.0002561568,0.0003050725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.924661,0.03707979,0.02555503,0.005465652,0.003272215,0.003966174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006239077,0.0004468239,0.9443584,0.0001984027,0.0005970267,0.0004421538,0.0004953336,0.002500517,0.0005481998,0.01643562,0.006775303,0.02657832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005027113,0.0000673611,0.9864694,0.00008942434,0.0001827884,0.00008336951,0.0005584932,0.0006306946,0.0006940747,0.004178569,0.006977781,0.00001776878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.95338,0.00275212,0.0008511583,0.009208871,0.0000756775,0.00003009657,0.003346354,0.00008170625,0.03027404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951624,0.001102083,0.0000810292,0.0007358062,0.00006093494,0.000008541034,0.0009134713,0.00001477747,0.00192085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02513147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04997039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049736266","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00085","title":"An empirical analysis of intergovernmental tax interaction: the case of business income taxes in Canada","year":2001,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":268,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Welfare economics; Income tax; Economy; Value-added tax; Political science; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Public economics","authors":[{"name":"Masayoshi Hayashi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin Boadway","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.101997504073413,"gpt":0.2094869420750213,"spread":0.1074894380016083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002805436,0.0004338,0.001125967,0.002000027,0.003538463,0.003929083,0.001906926,0.001107243,0.007574348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01594992,0.0003323253,0.001058295,0.006638726,0.002107142,0.001153075,0.001770885,0.002221951,0.0004022495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05178876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03092034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9863473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9876525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963204,0.001061826,0.0001324795,0.0004544494,0.0008596093,0.001171278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9829228,0.008565914,0.003115271,0.0008445591,0.002950914,0.001600527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003968254,0.0002497972,0.9163433,0.0001093899,0.0006697132,0.0008667315,0.002642801,0.03276351,0.0003941833,0.02164324,0.005930801,0.01798981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001341093,0.00009512495,0.8893366,0.0001334099,0.0006319307,0.000195647,0.008780508,0.07803022,0.0004439221,0.004550049,0.01758453,0.00008388073],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783443,0.001259372,0.0009943153,0.002001184,0.00001926356,0.00008283611,0.001796128,0.00004860511,0.01545399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958157,0.0003025391,0.000212528,0.000107773,0.000006866273,0.00001512602,0.0006803753,0.00001269194,0.002846336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05178876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3757555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166890592","doi":"10.3386/w18754","title":"Incentives and Outcomes: China's Environmental Policy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":255,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; National University of Singapore","keywords":"Incentive; Environmental policy; China; Business; Public economics; Natural resource economics; Economics; Political science; Microeconomics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Jing Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongheng Deng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jun Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Randall Mørck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernard Yeung","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2523982996807927,"gpt":0.4429219731407612,"spread":0.1905236734599685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003221126,0.0003553419,0.0004913824,0.00147268,0.001179202,0.003186699,0.0004650794,0.001107427,0.008498074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006557064,0.0001692262,0.0003755504,0.002475111,0.0008229214,0.001293026,0.001419994,0.001000541,0.0003786522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006419656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0143016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0772178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1310608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980308,0.0004992238,0.00008642921,0.0001543185,0.0004639669,0.0007652101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965661,0.000501161,0.001076834,0.0001452467,0.0007309353,0.0009797482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004976781,0.0004698536,0.6488234,0.000364766,0.0002150433,0.0006060136,0.000917085,0.01513006,0.0008495893,0.2170876,0.03722118,0.07781763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002353886,0.0002183436,0.8808632,0.0001856263,0.0001116733,0.00007875806,0.0009140339,0.01210339,0.0008593463,0.03666011,0.06768766,0.00008242446],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8185834,0.004842549,0.00169408,0.03827587,0.0003179662,0.0002306892,0.004143788,0.0001320755,0.1317796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990634,0.0006421061,0.0002039382,0.001047633,0.00009316515,0.00004854011,0.0006314845,0.000008920772,0.006690354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0772178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1535367,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3087176812","doi":"10.1002/sd.2132","title":"Does fiscal decentralization and <scp>eco‐innovation</scp> promote sustainable environment? A case study of selected fiscally decentralized countries","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Development","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":235,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Panel data; Economics; Renewable energy; Gross domestic product; Business; Econometric model; Macroeconomics; Econometrics; Market economy; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Xiangfeng Ji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Umar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shahid Ali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wajid Ali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kai Tang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zeeshan Khan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01377658523600953,"gpt":0.2012674989356763,"spread":0.1874909136996668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001352777,0.0001487843,0.0003202033,0.0008187063,0.001012909,0.001327477,0.0002489464,0.0004239542,0.001304005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002201764,0.0001085228,0.0003561366,0.00166438,0.0009254073,0.0006030009,0.0009089507,0.0005566247,0.00007410775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002218074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002041749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04531479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04920088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994389,0.0002486333,0.00002598779,0.00003769909,0.00005148552,0.0001972227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982548,0.0006281106,0.0006286877,0.00009555081,0.0002094511,0.0001834125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001150534,0.001414104,0.7669196,0.0005403223,0.0003843783,0.01260045,0.004229503,0.09385346,0.002031656,0.06747694,0.00510837,0.04429073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004637021,0.0007048681,0.8678329,0.00036027,0.0002686771,0.001123614,0.04469236,0.03895389,0.003103689,0.01309962,0.02930088,0.0000956122],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954227,0.0001435427,0.0002607352,0.0002422269,0.000004093057,0.00001748927,0.00008153991,0.000003380528,0.00382436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99938,0.0001180912,0.0001625072,0.00001802952,0.000002909627,0.000005528863,0.00003745073,9.274556e-7,0.0002746577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04531479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09010208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003719845","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00037","title":"The determinants of municipal tax rates in British Columbia","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":231,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Economics","authors":[{"name":"Craig Brett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joris Pinkse","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08614064106126584,"gpt":0.1863856532700548,"spread":0.100245012208789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003795984,0.0002072101,0.000386179,0.001710124,0.001184835,0.002160171,0.0007162081,0.0002698831,0.008051063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004574281,0.0002966798,0.0002529009,0.004366905,0.0004760299,0.000311644,0.0005521601,0.000656722,0.0008424701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01856439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01118753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9890886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9929247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993587,0.00009159791,0.00003141024,0.00009107805,0.0001690702,0.0002581284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972255,0.0004402726,0.0004900381,0.0001618314,0.001250551,0.0004318041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013171,0.00005588934,0.9324167,0.00009073735,0.0001646547,0.0006268058,0.001641983,0.01242919,0.0008530071,0.005747216,0.01299718,0.03284504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001219683,0.000008659806,0.9780462,0.00004630752,0.00002999153,0.00008026978,0.00205472,0.00619802,0.000159189,0.0004486175,0.01288527,0.00003060801],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758332,0.0009073096,0.0004947477,0.001232471,0.00002072772,0.00003314435,0.005395171,0.00007964091,0.01600358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894313,0.0004492932,0.0001909797,0.00004687025,0.000003782376,0.00001324762,0.001383638,0.00001924208,0.008461677],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01856439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1346947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081908668","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00026","title":"Infrastructure, specialization, and economic growth","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Romer; Welfare economics; Endogenous growth theory; Transport infrastructure; Economics; Humanities; Geography; Economic growth; Human capital; Cartography; Engineering; Art","authors":[{"name":"Spiros Bougheas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Panicos Demetriades","is_ca":false},{"name":"Theofanis P. Mamuneas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06436609375600146,"gpt":0.1673861121584712,"spread":0.1030200184024697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005003022,0.0003882615,0.0002711102,0.001282797,0.0002513514,0.001020295,0.0003224276,0.0006572244,0.005934298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002010867,0.0001376729,0.000489599,0.001809573,0.001189222,0.0009835436,0.00116537,0.0005418293,0.0006096084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001444632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006395476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008686959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007276564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997664,0.00007675612,0.00001167412,0.00003673539,0.00003461564,0.00007383782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985508,0.0005410114,0.0005727884,0.00009337762,0.00009356276,0.0001483509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001281822,0.0001945504,0.2395081,0.0003762071,0.0001753962,0.0009691555,0.001034894,0.1508123,0.00161436,0.5235452,0.009614179,0.07202749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009831459,0.0003058969,0.3573413,0.0004632536,0.0001872174,0.001301342,0.001667103,0.1178493,0.001037675,0.4602546,0.05940754,0.00008639712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7777,0.008660939,0.04649743,0.01009291,0.0000733045,0.00009544311,0.001783827,0.0002623203,0.1548339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878072,0.003113432,0.002015194,0.0001481754,0.00004818665,0.00003375434,0.0002808006,0.000009094773,0.006544197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.991313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01985222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1576250024","doi":"","title":"Redistribution via Taxation: The Limited Role of the Personal Income Tax in Developing Countries","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":207,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; International taxation; State income tax; Personal income; Double taxation; Gross income; Developing country; Public economics; Tax reform; Economic inequality; Redistribution of income and wealth; Progressive tax; Tax deduction; Direct tax; Indirect tax; Redistribution (election); Income tax; Poverty; Value-added tax; Labour economics; Inequality; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Eric M. Zolt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard M. Bird","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009617045667332088,"gpt":0.1960727019205566,"spread":0.1864556562532245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002054642,0.0001832769,0.0004009043,0.0009672362,0.001842358,0.00370652,0.000385563,0.0007833642,0.005257447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005015114,0.0001105182,0.0002642174,0.002052556,0.003597793,0.003770151,0.002191271,0.001415785,0.0003472806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003337618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003207096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01418932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01142606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991385,0.0003958016,0.00003648854,0.00008103755,0.0001471686,0.0002010208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986941,0.0005057175,0.0003406036,0.0001553747,0.0001996743,0.0001044985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001282158,0.00003661384,0.01098805,0.0002182595,0.00001946812,0.0002419246,0.001208422,0.002119093,0.0002547513,0.9016035,0.006420423,0.07676119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009677853,0.0001251025,0.03729124,0.002725563,0.00008214804,0.0006330935,0.005321087,0.003653023,0.002113736,0.5661076,0.3817992,0.00005144444],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3469971,0.07009674,0.02421018,0.1113969,0.0005427237,0.0001639619,0.0007246081,0.0001201213,0.4457478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593709,0.02714109,0.001868394,0.002083924,0.0002131983,0.00003302073,0.00008308998,0.0000151831,0.009191242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01418932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02821344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1589330497","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12038","title":"Does Agriculture Really Matter for Economic Growth in Developing Countries?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d agroeconomie","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":205,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Agriculture; Causation; Developing country; Economics; Gross domestic product; Product (mathematics); Development economics; International economics; International trade; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Political science; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Titus O. Awokuse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruizhi Xie","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01562979925396176,"gpt":0.1648254873651435,"spread":0.1491956881111818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001487857,0.0002679052,0.0003305263,0.001677197,0.001181767,0.002095261,0.0002050923,0.000435367,0.002476173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004148621,0.0001005124,0.0003174834,0.003171377,0.002435382,0.001384736,0.001203398,0.00101903,0.000188358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001361867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001551715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01233438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01455862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995624,0.0001563284,0.00002134174,0.0000607107,0.00004531277,0.0001538752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966214,0.001799101,0.0009188492,0.0001378037,0.0002824978,0.0002403508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002540673,0.0000580876,0.870707,0.0002555204,0.0001854713,0.001012171,0.00135778,0.00352239,0.0005972122,0.06385753,0.002375042,0.05581777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004715389,0.0001006283,0.8939828,0.000336343,0.0002610979,0.0005401137,0.008116476,0.002216194,0.001003416,0.06687704,0.02647871,0.00003999403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9182989,0.01495863,0.001477184,0.02058479,0.0001373168,0.00001790378,0.0007102573,0.00002220469,0.04379288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949131,0.004335763,0.0001297633,0.0003132142,0.00003772016,0.000002533696,0.00007567282,0.000002485083,0.0001897399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01233438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02452517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082908681","doi":"10.1162/rest.88.4.671","title":"Growth and Convergence across the United States: Evidence from County-Level Data","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Ordinary least squares; Instrumental variable; Convergence (economics); Economics; Econometrics; Real estate; Least-squares function approximation; Sample (material); Demographic economics; Mathematics; Statistics; Economic growth; Finance; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Matthew J. Higgins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Lévy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew T. Young","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1179656446041985,"gpt":0.288395463596842,"spread":0.1704298189926436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004745179,0.0002687472,0.0005790946,0.004405027,0.0006169236,0.001532352,0.0004800629,0.0003177211,0.001474544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02637151,0.0002890388,0.0003972159,0.00946412,0.0009008667,0.0009755814,0.002103252,0.0007244038,0.0003898088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006028417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007768568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0632886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0546164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969323,0.001492253,0.0002646142,0.000536387,0.0005177078,0.000256709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9607251,0.0180087,0.009943295,0.003238012,0.006785476,0.001299341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000577728,0.00002660306,0.9854553,0.00003723875,0.0001434445,0.00007127412,0.0005193925,0.001057143,0.00002065772,0.001158717,0.002676985,0.008775479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001319386,0.00003253442,0.989754,0.0001061056,0.00008312812,0.00008814998,0.001392279,0.002616479,0.000112027,0.001032997,0.004754666,0.00001453045],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852733,0.003149546,0.001328392,0.0007554441,0.00003277668,0.00001777575,0.003969337,0.00005734581,0.005416009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912187,0.001523669,0.0005954329,0.00009269657,0.00002934066,0.00002242508,0.006137715,0.00002284432,0.000357256],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0632886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1258404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050162946","doi":"10.1016/s0147-5967(02)00012-4","title":"Soft budget constraints, social burdens, and labor redundancy in China's state industry","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Comparative Economics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Budget constraint; Subsidy; China; Economics; Constraint (computer-aided design); State (computer science); Market economy; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Xiao‐yuan Dong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis Putterman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03577776677359765,"gpt":0.2605155782158795,"spread":0.2247378114422818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001404824,0.000227498,0.0007138848,0.001973686,0.001548737,0.002104549,0.0005575149,0.0008879771,0.006168369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004394276,0.0002868303,0.0004252768,0.001899671,0.001554476,0.001335731,0.001460442,0.0006328301,0.0001924931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004468944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007100071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07616735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1309358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992647,0.0001220324,0.00004538368,0.00006023443,0.0001006394,0.0004070687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961452,0.001172635,0.001471431,0.0001670827,0.0004251348,0.0006185067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009546476,0.0002794391,0.7903689,0.0001750344,0.0002064613,0.001165926,0.003891969,0.03100724,0.001964925,0.1374796,0.004226245,0.02827972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002861313,0.0002064759,0.8915941,0.00009498882,0.0002446797,0.0002040186,0.006115389,0.02733504,0.0006281207,0.06852844,0.004696461,0.00006614639],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953329,0.0001866964,0.0002037796,0.0009777665,0.000004801247,0.00001169819,0.0001385808,0.000005011129,0.003138835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992816,0.00008108364,0.0000418143,0.00005418231,0.00001125065,0.000005233888,0.00005175169,0.000001006058,0.0004722484],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07616735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.151448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991337840","doi":"10.1007/s11116-006-7472-6","title":"Empirical analysis of transportation investment and economic development at state, county and municipality levels","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Spillover effect; Economics; Econometric model; Output elasticity; Investment (military); Econometrics; Lag; Economic impact analysis; Transportation infrastructure; Capital investment; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics; Production (economics); Finance; Transport engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Berechman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dilruba Ozmen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaan Özbay","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04968363328995985,"gpt":0.2527839745822624,"spread":0.2031003412923026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001150387,0.0002372497,0.0005512454,0.001326366,0.0005299008,0.001457021,0.0005768448,0.0005518739,0.004103262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005943469,0.0003428057,0.0006969377,0.004398676,0.0006272721,0.001063589,0.0008806323,0.001171041,0.0003538123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002456506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002514697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.183045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2585842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991657,0.0003340451,0.00003566258,0.00009208018,0.00007584031,0.0002966927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925645,0.003248219,0.001776062,0.0002884906,0.001094128,0.001028704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001832156,0.0001114795,0.9898323,0.00001391407,0.0001873316,0.00007427795,0.0002146131,0.0046197,0.0001172587,0.001836248,0.0008085546,0.002001127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001662333,0.00009101537,0.9836832,0.00001627924,0.0002138108,0.00003365479,0.002000776,0.01176163,0.0002124366,0.000650118,0.001312406,0.000008080493],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979131,0.0001717487,0.0001760246,0.0002721019,0.000002920396,0.00000371778,0.0007064303,0.000006005662,0.0007478699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973266,0.0001275173,0.00009389767,0.00001398333,0.000006478166,0.000006641925,0.001153408,0.00000267478,0.00126876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.183045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3639591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140350449","doi":"10.1093/restud/rdt042","title":"Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality: A Cross-Country Analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economic Studies","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Wage inequality; Inequality; Wage; Economics; Human capital; Capital (architecture); Labour economics; Economic growth; Art; Visual arts","authors":[{"name":"Fatih Guvenen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Burhan Kuruscu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Serdar Ozkan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0634856183302664,"gpt":0.3197702222188091,"spread":0.2562846038885427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001407091,0.0003738329,0.0006958913,0.001337367,0.0007420838,0.001544228,0.0005205165,0.0007867215,0.003686555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00288116,0.0003212083,0.001720165,0.001827772,0.0007101839,0.0007391823,0.001202051,0.001177414,0.0003838761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001010982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000468408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0384717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02188046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993739,0.0002830736,0.00002633474,0.00007694831,0.00005610385,0.0001837152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971426,0.001463472,0.0007505562,0.0002471468,0.0001718928,0.0002243219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009467448,0.001190737,0.8268374,0.0001892093,0.002766005,0.002366666,0.0007863839,0.1110474,0.0009591018,0.02394039,0.004491855,0.02447819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001868279,0.000563929,0.8776313,0.0002163871,0.001221911,0.0005231806,0.001841848,0.1067058,0.0008055194,0.005143837,0.005070391,0.0000891513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939057,0.001570881,0.001300904,0.0002816932,0.00002453566,0.00002195797,0.0004269071,0.0000129618,0.002454356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976979,0.000706658,0.0002114196,0.00005025344,0.00001434181,0.00000946841,0.0005025502,0.000004272291,0.0008030787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0384717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07649553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1021933989","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2015.07.003","title":"Transportation intensity, urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the G-20 countries","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Utilities Policy","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Urbanization; Per capita; Economics; Intensity (physics); Granger causality; Developing country; Econometrics; Panel data; Economic geography; Agricultural economics; Economic growth; Population","authors":[{"name":"Mak B. Arvin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rudra P. Pradhan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Neville R. Norman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03675740182661894,"gpt":0.2336070658409977,"spread":0.1968496640143788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006524881,0.0005586668,0.0004906855,0.001598523,0.000402962,0.001990427,0.0003507344,0.0007707837,0.002160428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000986635,0.0002958364,0.001404307,0.003822689,0.000835027,0.001121825,0.0009180795,0.0008755023,0.0003144626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002301862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001711268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1414088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1007424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996755,0.00007053645,0.00001951926,0.00004427596,0.00002137208,0.0001687568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993267,0.0001115938,0.0002795214,0.00002961264,0.0001295595,0.0001230171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00116288,0.0003279427,0.8335065,0.0002071648,0.0008428768,0.00138357,0.0005383215,0.1020499,0.0009375631,0.03801731,0.01124115,0.009784835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001350566,0.000240693,0.9382539,0.0001672318,0.0007163564,0.0003598118,0.003275908,0.03243705,0.001821401,0.006748154,0.01574705,0.00009731512],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904447,0.001214716,0.0003416563,0.0009448693,0.00004097852,0.000009771085,0.002428396,0.00002932443,0.004545596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950631,0.001238838,0.0001329052,0.00009312684,0.00002858826,0.0000111403,0.002116711,0.000009751678,0.001305832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1414088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2811713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951613157","doi":"10.1017/9781108292337","title":"Incentives to Pander","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Politics; Revenue; Economic policy; Excise; Investment (military); Public economics; Economics; Tax revenue; Tax incentive; Business; Finance; Market economy; Political science; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Nathan M. Jensen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edmund Malesky","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03719951846842284,"gpt":0.1920357606280866,"spread":0.1548362421596637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002666712,0.0003964592,0.0003143307,0.001096664,0.002064988,0.006287575,0.000643444,0.002576999,0.03511328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008803699,0.0004222222,0.000459485,0.0009481348,0.002123266,0.005041719,0.003108134,0.003637789,0.006302339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002177477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003092591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001908642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004652157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978491,0.00062736,0.00009921384,0.0002923556,0.0007487529,0.0003831884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975106,0.0008851702,0.0003223558,0.0004730584,0.0004328531,0.000375971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006008614,0.0001352899,0.002345902,0.00008704529,0.00001739999,0.00008241313,0.0007152408,0.0009790494,0.0008777992,0.8068514,0.08270933,0.105139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002377767,0.000066154,0.002918594,0.0001392096,0.00001557035,0.0001647216,0.0004219482,0.001087355,0.0009140529,0.06868961,0.9255322,0.00002687858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02510854,0.0029205,0.009925191,0.01854037,0.0014331,0.0001448495,0.0002404995,0.0003978887,0.9412891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2699555,0.004205154,0.007068364,0.009356826,0.000986648,0.0001866265,0.0003242022,0.0002468502,0.7076698],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03511328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1174656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W12419775","doi":"10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400001","title":"Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Business Studies","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign direct investment; Corporate governance; Transparency (behavior); Legislation; Government (linguistics); Business; Economics; International economics; Property rights; Finance; Political science; Macroeconomics; Law; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Steven Globerman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Shapiro","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03486369990123147,"gpt":0.2304802125117186,"spread":0.1956165126104871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001407469,0.000198947,0.0002683876,0.001386867,0.0005101918,0.00312633,0.000216726,0.0007440552,0.00710022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01297419,0.0001481029,0.0002421326,0.002963337,0.001310279,0.001944756,0.001013069,0.001248144,0.0003881899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002629651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002489199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04694377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05189674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995943,0.000142506,0.00002902984,0.00003730212,0.00004970095,0.0001472092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869064,0.005441953,0.004229008,0.0004426212,0.001573588,0.001406449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003930867,0.0003095046,0.7828113,0.00008016364,0.0002025742,0.0004112171,0.001155291,0.01918188,0.0002100649,0.1528404,0.0123021,0.03010236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001485427,0.0002550999,0.7793312,0.0003111124,0.0004827258,0.0002988788,0.008246128,0.01972198,0.0008724853,0.1561209,0.03414733,0.00006369747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9478825,0.002500434,0.001383473,0.0118315,0.00007489097,0.00002157569,0.0007981308,0.00006242932,0.03544509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973027,0.0006252126,0.00006471425,0.0001275788,0.00002121825,0.000005175039,0.0001429981,0.000004508036,0.001706004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04694377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040155841","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.01.008","title":"The fiscal impact of high-skilled emigration: Flows of Indians to the U.S.","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development Economics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Counterfactual thinking; Economics; Earnings; Revenue; Fiscal policy; Fiscal year; Work (physics); Demographic economics; Macroeconomics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Mihir A. Desai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Devesh Kapur","is_ca":false},{"name":"John McHale","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keith Rogers","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02404292469846864,"gpt":0.2153822362430078,"spread":0.1913393115445392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003643454,0.0001050387,0.0001137902,0.0008142704,0.0006589445,0.00119525,0.0002651317,0.0004827538,0.004934245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001959281,0.00008451233,0.0002134988,0.00173288,0.0003021936,0.0007469175,0.00127407,0.001054869,0.0003497759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00116011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001747254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.153506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2676913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997808,0.00004219496,0.00001050862,0.00001045917,0.00002042362,0.0001356235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989287,0.0001594892,0.0004243483,0.00002169456,0.0001702057,0.0002954476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003504266,0.0002437251,0.9638417,0.00007096139,0.0000870642,0.000366724,0.001602366,0.0008686883,0.0001408934,0.005442883,0.009607644,0.01737697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000189929,0.00005091904,0.9813818,0.0001045916,0.00005712111,0.0001253992,0.009847427,0.0007107596,0.0001216744,0.0009437103,0.006627419,0.00001016809],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873825,0.0006470056,0.00002397166,0.005388775,0.00004802988,0.000004246627,0.001260905,0.000003706073,0.005240893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967344,0.000826382,0.00001851515,0.0003210058,0.00005043737,0.000002471191,0.0005933455,0.000001803152,0.001451883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.153506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.305225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103039992","doi":"10.3386/w15088","title":"State Capacity, Conflict and Development","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Vetenskapsrådet; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"State (computer science); Capacity development; Computer science; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Timothy Besley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Torsten Persson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5111036109630253,"gpt":0.4559456522155255,"spread":0.05515795874749974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001226596,0.0001977191,0.0002498368,0.00162132,0.001603394,0.003618426,0.0004563848,0.0006055872,0.01492755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00427176,0.0001189632,0.0003152241,0.003396154,0.004031572,0.00396655,0.00325979,0.001187175,0.0003357567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003647465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002203239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005354291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008388311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991016,0.0004249918,0.0000263983,0.00007279571,0.00009604957,0.0002781055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951482,0.002880559,0.0007660267,0.000233571,0.0004147911,0.0005568966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006736119,0.0000238329,0.009312061,0.00003528525,0.00001017272,0.0000553961,0.0004603794,0.002807143,0.00002541753,0.9765586,0.0014527,0.009252206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009325729,0.00003900412,0.02185098,0.0001762506,0.00001823192,0.0002919456,0.005805138,0.006817799,0.0002902012,0.8776807,0.08699048,0.00002996033],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.4076313,0.009457384,0.01628111,0.03427723,0.0001692117,0.00006129694,0.000674689,0.00003826799,0.5314096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896668,0.003658992,0.0008984866,0.0002909746,0.00004681457,0.00001965279,0.00007413193,0.000006597541,0.005337497],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01492755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04993767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W179818733","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511754234.013","title":"China's Fiscal System: A Work in Progress","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"China; Work (physics); Public finance; Politics; Distribution (mathematics); Economics; Public sector; Political science; Economic policy; Economic growth; Economy; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Christine Wong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard M. Bird","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02794790974275281,"gpt":0.1737300621779213,"spread":0.1457821524351685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001948294,0.0004809994,0.0003501799,0.00116884,0.001545778,0.002737829,0.0006453617,0.0009310317,0.004676024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001059936,0.000157924,0.0002711668,0.00357196,0.001287564,0.002314364,0.00103791,0.00140559,0.0003953742],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008743674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03172653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1644055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1798241,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997413,0.0000507943,0.00001244708,0.00002630697,0.0001051891,0.00006395072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999669,0.00005201449,0.00002090242,0.00003107948,0.0001540045,0.00007318114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003691969,0.00004327375,0.004647047,0.000905659,0.00002445505,0.0002161842,0.002500089,0.001543836,0.0003500826,0.2994563,0.2325996,0.4576765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001837455,0.00003198427,0.01581813,0.0006792183,0.00001896318,0.00007281818,0.001189505,0.0008877702,0.0002686349,0.0249913,0.9559967,0.00002648427],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05729861,0.3930764,0.002980576,0.1974146,0.008246963,0.0001018963,0.001070551,0.000236903,0.3395735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3797317,0.3738905,0.00769476,0.01206789,0.002802556,0.0001196078,0.001527476,0.0001013814,0.2220641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1644055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3268971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951452977","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01974","title":"Urbanization-globalization-CO2 emissions nexus revisited: empirical evidence from South Africa","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heliyon","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Urbanization; Globalization; Economic geography; Empirical evidence; Development economics; Geography; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Salahuddin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeff Gow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Md. Idris Ali","is_ca":true},{"name":"Md Rahat Hossain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Khaleda Shaheen Al-Azami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Delwar Akbar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayfer Gedikli","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07109483865129597,"gpt":0.2563690963613892,"spread":0.1852742577100932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007503193,0.0003820054,0.0003974256,0.001978774,0.0006646357,0.00115975,0.0002504639,0.0003254293,0.003416539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002995429,0.0002148744,0.0005850914,0.004558236,0.001133477,0.001238288,0.001043755,0.0005582519,0.0001618469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009622767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00118413,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03392496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05061591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997032,0.0000977388,0.00002061019,0.00004489381,0.00004062158,0.00009286913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963413,0.002004963,0.00118026,0.0001001795,0.0002026414,0.0001706976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003241856,0.0002413001,0.9162217,0.0014926,0.0006637979,0.006590221,0.01999121,0.002250653,0.001944906,0.009275995,0.001482368,0.03952092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002224747,0.00006152251,0.9575555,0.0006744536,0.0004759628,0.0004381865,0.02995902,0.001370891,0.0006011194,0.00120848,0.007610424,0.00002220389],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943124,0.002342082,0.00009951594,0.0007937897,0.000005379472,0.000007905585,0.0001384653,0.000001360925,0.002299113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965279,0.003037099,0.00006410492,0.00005641265,0.00000917034,0.000004009183,0.0001077405,0.000001606981,0.0001919215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03392496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06745499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123418364","doi":"10.3386/w13150","title":"The Growth Effect of Democracy: Is It Heterogenous and How Can It Be Estimated?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":156,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Università Bocconi; Vetenskapsrådet; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Democracy; Econometrics; Mathematics; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Torsten Persson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guido Tabellini","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.280352456882289,"gpt":0.4363920496423725,"spread":0.1560395927600834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01901939,0.0008165097,0.003291337,0.002301437,0.001033058,0.003391812,0.001903728,0.001820706,0.004585189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0711211,0.0006509222,0.002649708,0.003411637,0.005904575,0.004509373,0.003468188,0.00299578,0.0008098767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009348005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000885394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006218675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004173022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.991007,0.005087607,0.0004266116,0.002070598,0.0007940429,0.0006141061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8408829,0.1136077,0.02518555,0.01716881,0.001933115,0.001221884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003031639,0.0003269092,0.7699488,0.0004144194,0.003472782,0.0007808324,0.001134352,0.05982767,0.0008720934,0.07113323,0.002783205,0.08900258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001921525,0.0004592996,0.5419458,0.000490117,0.001356946,0.0007708506,0.001656971,0.1380692,0.002646526,0.3045416,0.007664936,0.0002057485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7801873,0.003572768,0.1907561,0.007915367,0.0002716439,0.0002444503,0.001748644,0.000486588,0.0148172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884464,0.0006414772,0.008384072,0.0004533961,0.0002062483,0.0001006039,0.0007212923,0.00008412307,0.0009624589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01901939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1005854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017669258","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00024","title":"The bargaining family revisited","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Humanities; Economics; Welfare economics; Political science; Microeconomics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Kai A. Konrad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kjell Erik Lommerud","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1218705542486453,"gpt":0.1789114313983163,"spread":0.05704087714967103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003284564,0.0006942704,0.0006245902,0.0008055462,0.002822336,0.003804966,0.001671717,0.003496238,0.0340756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004465182,0.0003869861,0.001504133,0.001053958,0.00505248,0.006920447,0.001538495,0.00358772,0.003575164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003432679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002431451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005860325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002726447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983171,0.0008972351,0.00003830107,0.0002580884,0.0002315158,0.0002577468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985666,0.0008433415,0.0001243483,0.0001710185,0.0001539214,0.0001407737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003791444,0.000003018407,0.00003935185,0.000006321126,0.000001968388,0.00002152669,0.0000987914,0.001744003,0.00002005173,0.995017,0.00117328,0.001870956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008400379,0.00001041086,0.00006030314,0.00002679378,0.000003466584,0.00006047419,0.0001181918,0.007448661,0.0000293112,0.9711089,0.02111922,0.000005816154],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02541876,0.006000045,0.2280523,0.03017723,0.000982573,0.00008227916,0.0002044101,0.0001391285,0.7089433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7933702,0.005962662,0.03530261,0.003772845,0.0009057651,0.000265248,0.0001374067,0.0001342183,0.160149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0340756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1139942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569305775","doi":"10.4324/9780203851081","title":"The Taxation of Petroleum and Minerals","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum; Petroleum engineering; Geochemistry; Geology; Paleontology","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02005362453269628,"gpt":0.1942626566615235,"spread":0.1742090321288272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005011255,0.0005027553,0.0003219515,0.001433754,0.001252463,0.002345705,0.000411674,0.001156228,0.04598509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002125614,0.0002882165,0.0002398395,0.00166955,0.0009669159,0.002089113,0.001063325,0.002256411,0.01720788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003485376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003290639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01946251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0137828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995209,0.00008285946,0.00002392872,0.00007420472,0.0002518372,0.00004618315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995477,0.00009243704,0.00003526434,0.00004979827,0.0002158088,0.0000589652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001836066,0.0000112656,0.0001995866,0.000104356,0.000002542389,0.00003513343,0.0001718212,0.0003168661,0.0001529868,0.1964481,0.7270167,0.07552224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000128498,0.000002972424,0.0002904637,0.00007353618,5.625636e-7,0.00002383314,0.00003953504,0.00004134505,0.00004181208,0.01333345,0.9861491,0.000002144079],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002748647,0.1541133,0.00306044,0.07654367,0.01487075,0.00007353321,0.002346684,0.0002229501,0.7460201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04232691,0.08783127,0.002015749,0.005534666,0.005411095,0.00007909924,0.001502533,0.0001695286,0.8551291],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04598509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1538355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032379165","doi":"10.1068/c0328","title":"Closing the Gap: Fiscal Imbalances and Intergovernmental Transfers in Developed Federations","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment and Planning C Government and Policy","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Closing (real estate); Fiscal federalism; Economics; Fiscal union; Fiscal policy; Fiscal capacity; Fiscal imbalance; Fiscal year; Macroeconomics; International economics; Political science; Finance; Decentralization","authors":[{"name":"Richard M. Bird","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrey Tarasov","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02667177580496805,"gpt":0.2187081573978899,"spread":0.1920363815929219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003569657,0.0001352905,0.0003530924,0.003395174,0.001529478,0.00254899,0.0004244646,0.0006982949,0.002483603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01439676,0.00008880613,0.0003214442,0.007879282,0.002105133,0.004290265,0.00271353,0.001277499,0.0001171402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004112274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002606021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02457654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02860965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978454,0.0007346512,0.0001336029,0.0001275637,0.0003198423,0.0008389635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993541,0.002338464,0.002938263,0.0002319918,0.0004849722,0.0004652701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004131882,0.0001966511,0.5262998,0.0001282412,0.0001302034,0.0006898312,0.006823788,0.01397738,0.0001230115,0.3917134,0.006400175,0.05310434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005012403,0.0001070907,0.7619896,0.000248186,0.00007303632,0.0002531931,0.01613089,0.006791946,0.000265125,0.1924177,0.02163726,0.00003577884],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9541827,0.002379641,0.002229579,0.004897817,0.0000595178,0.00002112422,0.0008074217,0.00001363977,0.03540839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985716,0.0004088214,0.0001325542,0.0000644189,0.00003467981,0.00001021936,0.0001846885,0.000001704396,0.0005912197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02457654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04886699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129213533","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00106","title":"Optimal Redistribution with Heterogeneous Preferences for Leisure","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Comparability; Economics; Redistribution (election); Microeconomics; Welfare; Redistribution of income and wealth; Preference; Public economics; Income tax; Government (linguistics); Optimal tax; Econometrics; Public good; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Robin Boadway","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maurice Marchand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Pestieau","is_ca":false},{"name":"María Racionero","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05218968011853275,"gpt":0.2196734250619408,"spread":0.1674837449434081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001834176,0.0004310084,0.00078803,0.0005016678,0.0005350161,0.001641899,0.0006471555,0.0008802564,0.004045314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007317369,0.0004186209,0.0004404322,0.0005345573,0.001315816,0.002771072,0.001171981,0.0008095098,0.0005362513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002518988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001305078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003841009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002586947,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993643,0.0003274043,0.00002720228,0.00009142301,0.00006601508,0.000123667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987767,0.0006733033,0.0001878659,0.0001446442,0.0001244224,0.00009299097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004488049,0.0001783718,0.00159348,0.00012233,0.00004714013,0.0001593199,0.0002854546,0.3622344,0.002675122,0.6090586,0.001509327,0.02168757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001359513,0.00006404918,0.001142661,0.00002871584,0.00001773926,0.00003502376,0.0002009169,0.5948536,0.0006504639,0.4013795,0.001473212,0.00001813809],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6788281,0.0003935529,0.2777264,0.003510805,0.0000597384,0.0001512821,0.0003544121,0.0001137596,0.03886199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9732125,0.0002340489,0.01707949,0.0001193287,0.00002125183,0.00008397034,0.00008812597,0.00003214729,0.009129167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004045314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01827657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090114741","doi":"10.1080/00036840500293813","title":"Economic growth and tax components: an analysis of tax changes in OECD","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Economics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Per capita; Value-added tax; Payroll; Ad valorem tax; Indirect tax; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Tax reform; Labour economics; Public economics","authors":[{"name":"Mehmet Serkan Tosun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sohrab Abizadeh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02385774654260164,"gpt":0.2106190796072198,"spread":0.1867613330646181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007206128,0.0002795236,0.0002795199,0.003269323,0.0004132619,0.001205416,0.0002079709,0.0002275806,0.001647618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004241519,0.0001080187,0.0004486377,0.005287305,0.0003694959,0.0005624496,0.0006393373,0.0006134479,0.0002635301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002691628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008643014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04447031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02162358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996983,0.00006115672,0.00002141552,0.00002650988,0.000107812,0.00008474866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979899,0.0004697712,0.0007546463,0.00009827421,0.0005597379,0.0001276614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004615902,0.00009335843,0.9376282,0.00007219562,0.0001793042,0.0006483716,0.0004905058,0.02030562,0.0007326414,0.005795635,0.003004835,0.03058775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001037941,0.00004708451,0.9843954,0.00002288153,0.00005066005,0.0002055912,0.0005925491,0.005506477,0.0006278893,0.001532016,0.00699698,0.00001211175],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989001,0.0006108402,0.0004594912,0.0002300647,0.00001473547,0.00002543149,0.0020603,0.00002894002,0.007569093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951875,0.0006658133,0.0002377481,0.00003729455,0.00001779421,0.00001634094,0.002710219,0.00001070415,0.001116481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04447031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08842295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168310863","doi":"10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00107","title":"Time‐consistent optimal fiscal policy*","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Review","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"University of Pennsylvania; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Economics; Commit; Capital income; Capital (architecture); Zero (linguistics); Monetary economics; Fiscal policy; Income tax; Value (mathematics); Tax rate; Labour economics; International taxation; Tax reform; Public economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Paul Klein","is_ca":true},{"name":"José-V́ıctor Ŕıos-Rull","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03738913077176251,"gpt":0.2648463575005983,"spread":0.2274572267288358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002849315,0.0006414152,0.001454584,0.000626167,0.0004739537,0.001686571,0.0007244094,0.001414747,0.003975286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01178961,0.0007058376,0.0005758497,0.0006332198,0.0008946548,0.001929151,0.0008246786,0.001366405,0.0005586439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002227447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003390629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006031486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003840384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991338,0.0004077528,0.00004133652,0.0001310754,0.00009795974,0.0001882534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968843,0.001748874,0.0007401035,0.000148843,0.0002708479,0.0002069762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003876895,0.00008802998,0.001853491,0.00009545654,0.0001205159,0.0001195133,0.00007608689,0.7787268,0.0007394986,0.2043571,0.004769579,0.008666297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001460363,0.0000799646,0.001220376,0.00004406679,0.00003416176,0.00004107284,0.00007779953,0.8191856,0.0003092243,0.1769983,0.001839747,0.00002365246],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5263665,0.002032975,0.4154618,0.01477064,0.0005516938,0.0001967256,0.002309459,0.0006372026,0.03767303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981432,0.0007186841,0.01089459,0.0002944751,0.0000787464,0.00007787241,0.0004371408,0.00004856707,0.006017861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006031486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01616126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1607357473","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2008.00482.x","title":"Viewpoint: From cities to productivity and growth in developing countries","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Urbanization; Productivity; Developing country; Economics; Economic geography; Development economics; Developed country; Business; Economic system; Economic growth; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Gilles Duranton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1301362734056385,"gpt":0.1756820176454144,"spread":0.04554574423977595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002305756,0.0004713745,0.0005192202,0.002231441,0.0007495942,0.00408589,0.0007867834,0.001554813,0.00841081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006998216,0.0001841317,0.0004950551,0.003433643,0.004112805,0.004585668,0.001919181,0.003064079,0.0007891483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002857512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003041585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01273374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009666824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992113,0.0004097382,0.00003510184,0.0001328744,0.0001183445,0.00009245899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994941,0.00311275,0.000695772,0.0001491328,0.0008114034,0.0002899672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001601004,0.00005172655,0.02519644,0.001481783,0.0001848028,0.0003026556,0.001096043,0.004305735,0.0001972572,0.837862,0.07594016,0.05322131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008552919,0.00009382926,0.02648712,0.003615362,0.0002899009,0.0002509058,0.004702146,0.00267214,0.0007919974,0.7472209,0.2137312,0.00005900155],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.04121638,0.2546169,0.006983638,0.5981044,0.003490712,0.00001425263,0.001488554,0.00008107723,0.09400412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7541286,0.1884207,0.002369919,0.04305319,0.005259737,0.00002660122,0.000383843,0.0000507612,0.006306567],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01273374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02813697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005506411","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2011.04.007","title":"Simulating the impacts of policy scenarios on the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Automation in Construction","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Work (physics); Transportation infrastructure; Sustainable development; Commission; Transport engineering; Performance indicator; Engineering; Environmental resource management; Environmental economics; Business; Environmental planning; Environmental science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Hong Yao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liyin Shen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yongtao Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianli Hao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02617692659712794,"gpt":0.2314796659418591,"spread":0.2053027393447311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002040721,0.0008121294,0.0007165918,0.0008019281,0.0006097453,0.001621738,0.001272173,0.00314364,0.004914687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007633709,0.0006807568,0.001201769,0.001473888,0.00113616,0.001501068,0.0008456547,0.002173259,0.0002397593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003899898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002391279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05856381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04063396,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991719,0.0004280283,0.00003882714,0.0000832254,0.00004482324,0.0002333491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940001,0.004316847,0.0005474722,0.0002353117,0.0003282683,0.0005720734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001720986,0.0001336079,0.002899525,0.00001211716,0.00002308708,0.00004484087,0.00002325639,0.9935376,0.0001632924,0.002093595,0.000221338,0.0006756138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001470485,0.0001578714,0.00242139,0.000006783177,0.00002940813,0.000007710566,0.0001343085,0.9938136,0.0003020066,0.002699576,0.0002628349,0.00001752957],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927768,0.0000563076,0.001526389,0.0005360809,0.00003195083,0.00003104132,0.0004723655,0.0000404608,0.004528557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998888,0.00004200394,0.0004782187,0.0000232794,0.000004315505,0.00001675783,0.000142682,0.000005637758,0.0003992548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05856381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1164458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970988600","doi":"10.1016/j.jmoneco.2013.04.011","title":"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Solely a government jobs program?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Monetary Economics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Economics; Private sector; Government (linguistics); Offset (computer science); Instrumental variable; Point (geometry); Block grant; Job loss; Labour economics; Government revenue; Public economics; Business; Finance; Unemployment; Econometrics; Economic growth; Welfare","authors":[{"name":"Timothy G. Conley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bill Dupor","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01730345149473891,"gpt":0.1918436593381811,"spread":0.1745402078434422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008175076,0.00068584,0.001132861,0.001157398,0.003598788,0.006001323,0.002260107,0.01470188,0.01661797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01760108,0.0005827364,0.0011786,0.0009442118,0.004444532,0.004434157,0.00336074,0.01072089,0.002228676],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002761811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03547863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0460951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09417249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948201,0.00120531,0.0001939363,0.0003896569,0.001230185,0.002160933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9886839,0.003185875,0.001332034,0.0008864849,0.001709049,0.004202621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000619517,0.001171886,0.009205783,0.000203218,0.0001545413,0.0004462526,0.00053547,0.001109385,0.001093257,0.4121958,0.4972807,0.07598425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001450198,0.0006798781,0.1140126,0.00135578,0.0005480748,0.0003541535,0.00296373,0.003841452,0.002244848,0.1431315,0.729076,0.0003418888],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09959958,0.004209052,0.002119498,0.6940825,0.01266372,0.0002384336,0.001764296,0.0005869899,0.184736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5270268,0.002426901,0.002179759,0.3540337,0.006366696,0.0003874873,0.0006663029,0.0001487873,0.1067636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0460951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09165359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123355417","doi":"10.1111/j.0008-4085.2005.00288.x","title":"Monetary union in West Africa: who might gain, who might lose, and why?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Seigniorage; Economics; Currency; Monetary economics; Monetary policy; Price of stability; Incentive; Inflation (cosmology); Welfare; Currency union; International economics; Market economy","authors":[{"name":"Xavier Debrun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul R. Masson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Catherine Pattillo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08719561628504181,"gpt":0.1666026927488843,"spread":0.07940707646384247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008480315,0.0003418876,0.0006317565,0.0006254874,0.001260558,0.003856347,0.0004671525,0.001825973,0.005828303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002680172,0.0002306593,0.0002734984,0.001020271,0.001694634,0.003885929,0.001052838,0.001415384,0.0004774464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00267346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00121029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01889519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01803645,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996564,0.000178568,0.000007751307,0.00003735293,0.0000205335,0.00009943792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994098,0.0002590368,0.0001822701,0.00001354723,0.00003621009,0.00009914013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000515455,0.0002067285,0.02814301,0.0002296515,0.00005109096,0.002256112,0.002074494,0.1366545,0.0004101073,0.7914181,0.008719599,0.02932119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006243153,0.000295228,0.01947637,0.0009559206,0.0001296535,0.001262338,0.0153817,0.3262524,0.0008135248,0.580481,0.05423839,0.00008922748],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8721448,0.007941118,0.01247575,0.03261072,0.0001935377,0.00008212135,0.0004904823,0.00003606697,0.07402533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911216,0.002156156,0.0006249044,0.0002656933,0.00004042988,0.00002316487,0.00004456254,0.000004539569,0.005719028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01889519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03757048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003520996","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v4n3p72","title":"Government Expenditure on Human Capital Development: Implications for Economic Growth in Nigeria","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Development","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government expenditure; Human capital; Economics; Government (linguistics); Capital expenditure; Physical capital; Capital formation; Variable (mathematics); Capital (architecture); Gross fixed capital formation; Capital deepening; Economic growth; Macroeconomics; Financial capital; Gross domestic product; Public finance; Geography; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Stephen Oluwatobi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oluranti. I. Ogunrinola","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0389317360316755,"gpt":0.2360792732214289,"spread":0.1971475371897534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005204632,0.000205206,0.0001899007,0.0007458328,0.0004667893,0.001968831,0.0001245209,0.000354749,0.001944334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002153786,0.00009469133,0.000165612,0.001436855,0.0006849007,0.0009515972,0.0008303121,0.0007756504,0.0001396957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001797256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00199457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01732943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02400775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997656,0.00005613574,0.00001384298,0.00001768171,0.00003365909,0.0001132218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980951,0.0007774917,0.0005692886,0.00003481536,0.0002268807,0.0002963197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003597615,0.0002024979,0.8769152,0.0003169676,0.00007870764,0.002579643,0.001935788,0.01603186,0.001042384,0.04737155,0.002593763,0.05057179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002127178,0.0001579501,0.9484835,0.0005292814,0.00008256691,0.0006630216,0.009404764,0.01582666,0.001041239,0.01339655,0.01036826,0.00002502945],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787462,0.003152961,0.0003901944,0.003938038,0.00004261182,0.00001172611,0.0004251919,0.000008028032,0.01328499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971868,0.001809018,0.00008505605,0.00004968008,0.00001145823,0.000004052874,0.00009973626,0.0000010145,0.0007530524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01732943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03445709,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054758197","doi":"10.3386/w10478","title":"Education, Work, and Crime: A Human Capital Approach","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Human capital; Work (physics); Capital (architecture); Criminology; Political science; Economics; Sociology; Geography; Engineering; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"Lance Lochner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3673787399258568,"gpt":0.4586369282926854,"spread":0.09125818836682864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007003299,0.0009304814,0.0007032687,0.001517662,0.0009288942,0.00255467,0.001425741,0.001969219,0.01022119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001661895,0.0004418591,0.0006883906,0.002142202,0.001857677,0.002365332,0.00148789,0.001783682,0.001057868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003056164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002817152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02316556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01774634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995502,0.0002039934,0.000009968478,0.00005815097,0.00006199916,0.000115654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990355,0.0004991731,0.0001122931,0.00003657127,0.00007483057,0.0002417494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005128267,0.0003087625,0.01302649,0.00008234935,0.0001135065,0.0004780094,0.000475636,0.1284562,0.0001173862,0.8275576,0.009961432,0.01937136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000128106,0.0002179362,0.01191422,0.0002847297,0.0001254386,0.0003151248,0.0009469938,0.2072955,0.000125294,0.7384951,0.04008345,0.00006798023],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2501535,0.01736224,0.3202154,0.08298109,0.000938876,0.000299396,0.00380272,0.0003210093,0.3239259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9331499,0.01006269,0.009243154,0.001382374,0.0004643115,0.0002302983,0.0003662518,0.00003033912,0.04507074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02316556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04606146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970362088","doi":"10.1016/j.jeem.2010.10.009","title":"Growth and pollution convergence: Theory and evidence","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Convergence (economics); Economics; Panel data; Pollution; Econometrics; Sustainable growth rate; Sustainable development; Sulfur; Pollutant; Parametric statistics; Scale (ratio); Endogenous growth theory; Growth model; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Chemistry; Macroeconomics; Statistics; Ecology; Economic growth; Biology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Simone Valente","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thanasis Stengos","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02555452690727001,"gpt":0.1839501917862698,"spread":0.1583956648789998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005744502,0.0005815075,0.001217057,0.003396414,0.0009923602,0.003845982,0.001099294,0.002360278,0.01308581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03707289,0.0003366595,0.0008844593,0.003914946,0.006202826,0.00354141,0.002925773,0.002616344,0.0009976123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001401216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001436751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01081623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005045749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981939,0.0007233665,0.0001451588,0.0003592675,0.0003082342,0.0002701268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9196513,0.05946154,0.01082698,0.002663195,0.005976069,0.001420918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002796555,0.0008274732,0.6747927,0.001511942,0.001455794,0.001211605,0.00181005,0.01379047,0.0003803717,0.1624558,0.008082003,0.1308854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000743811,0.0004452922,0.5652171,0.00264651,0.002234642,0.001121416,0.008503282,0.01685403,0.002639777,0.366731,0.03273699,0.0001261568],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8103886,0.08535932,0.0075238,0.02706921,0.0003281793,0.00005500311,0.000832024,0.0000875417,0.06835636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851119,0.012163,0.0004661624,0.0006150147,0.0003243225,0.00001127473,0.0002848113,0.00001691372,0.001006531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01308581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04377639,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2927382003","doi":"10.3386/w25695","title":"GDP-B: Accounting for the Value of New and Free Goods in the Digital Economy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Digital economy; Economics; Business; Commerce; Accounting; Mathematics; Computer science; Statistics; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Erik Brynjolfsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Avinash Collis","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. Erwin Diewert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Felix Eggers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin J. Fox","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3475727899996001,"gpt":0.4437706689731625,"spread":0.09619787897356241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003099662,0.0008529676,0.0004470661,0.003235194,0.000724105,0.00256793,0.000880532,0.001012564,0.00560827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01263371,0.0002189565,0.0007623407,0.005807059,0.001308261,0.004177839,0.001862902,0.001824968,0.0009376215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003044594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003178959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02039172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0237277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977264,0.000919761,0.0001038715,0.0002369874,0.0008566887,0.0001563312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962996,0.001331681,0.0008840088,0.0005672114,0.0007366551,0.0001809728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002070899,0.0003509574,0.05955946,0.0006892178,0.0002104278,0.0001535607,0.0005326946,0.07997404,0.001263701,0.6596503,0.07213038,0.1252782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001016502,0.0003166722,0.1092415,0.0006325201,0.0002232316,0.0003075947,0.001254432,0.08890243,0.00724563,0.4558595,0.3357002,0.0002145891],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.3482653,0.008385796,0.2882026,0.009893089,0.001255178,0.001097433,0.06991728,0.001139652,0.2718436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8726303,0.004762704,0.07472306,0.0005218752,0.0002181731,0.001104414,0.02329017,0.0002468224,0.02250251],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02039172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04054606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108437177","doi":"10.1111/j.1538-4616.2009.00254.x","title":"The Composition of Government Spending and the Real Exchange Rate","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of money credit and banking","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Depreciation (economics); Government spending; Exchange rate; Economics; Consumption (sociology); Government (linguistics); Monetary economics; Investment (military); Differential (mechanical device); Macroeconomics; Microeconomics; Market economy; Capital formation","authors":[{"name":"Vahagn Galstyan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philip R. Lane","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02279446955317985,"gpt":0.2150877273436614,"spread":0.1922932577904816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003739485,0.0003556956,0.0002780188,0.0003619466,0.0002173692,0.001496762,0.0002114049,0.0004388941,0.00415627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002182665,0.0001810695,0.0003422212,0.0006224206,0.0005216805,0.0009770859,0.0005384334,0.000747745,0.0005746845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006264655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004251072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003233725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002440737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999826,0.0000565157,0.000009255165,0.00002449538,0.00002397841,0.00005979441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987007,0.0005362402,0.000491526,0.00008471134,0.0000864441,0.0001003022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00234427,0.0006151556,0.2089635,0.0004180739,0.0004279519,0.001697046,0.0009160597,0.2817684,0.03222755,0.412359,0.003536704,0.0547263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003557232,0.0005460087,0.2775968,0.0001986048,0.000566068,0.001383072,0.001169112,0.4380445,0.01501307,0.2472431,0.017673,0.0002109478],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9670596,0.0007670608,0.009649006,0.0009354005,0.00003759129,0.000008900744,0.0003468547,0.00003055929,0.02116496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967448,0.000448911,0.0005097726,0.00002792006,0.00001782754,0.000005698515,0.000113886,0.000008224616,0.002122927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00415627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01390409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072764623","doi":"10.1177/0275074012451523","title":"Developing a Method to Assessing the Municipal Financial Health","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Review of Public Administration","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Weighting; Multivariate statistics; Principal component analysis; Vulnerability (computing); Actuarial science; Flexibility (engineering); Population; Socioeconomic status; Multivariate analysis; Conceptual framework; Business; Econometrics; Accounting; Computer science; Economics; Statistics; Environmental health; Medicine; Mathematics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Roberto Cabaleiro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Enrique Buch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antonio Vaamonde Liste","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1451723956335881,"gpt":0.3997179666732894,"spread":0.2545455710397013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005745456,0.0008137274,0.0006876221,0.009980771,0.001161213,0.003531101,0.001101412,0.0008446996,0.00419935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02215363,0.0004066182,0.0007724679,0.008158294,0.001024281,0.002034101,0.002175336,0.0009569437,0.0009961653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002170667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003660199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01316006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01544861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950859,0.002209026,0.000392159,0.0007020434,0.001372274,0.0002385912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9902857,0.004130659,0.001303491,0.0007137317,0.003338792,0.0002275571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455926,0.0001917577,0.09493587,0.0005292059,0.0001622461,0.0002655906,0.005394658,0.02139971,0.004191235,0.07669535,0.008553741,0.7875351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001904526,0.0005647303,0.1396046,0.000842888,0.000323579,0.001345338,0.01949456,0.5025563,0.01598218,0.1633258,0.1552262,0.0005433413],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.04174789,0.0003069559,0.9379286,0.000531911,0.00009292246,0.0008565935,0.001409515,0.0009074035,0.01621837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1985559,0.000238454,0.7963775,0.0000554481,0.0000499586,0.000990766,0.0009017854,0.00007022847,0.002759795],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01316006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03038526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1480840010","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.710903","title":"Regional Grants as Pork Barrel Politics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Cabinet (room); Legislature; Politics; Seniority; Competition (biology); Public administration; Political science; Government (linguistics); Economics; Political economy; Public economics; Law; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Kevin Milligan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Smart","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01985448421394609,"gpt":0.2219864109229211,"spread":0.202131926708975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001816528,0.0001809817,0.0005199005,0.0009792234,0.001268255,0.007905889,0.00052972,0.001913557,0.02704762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008737051,0.0002193042,0.0002829455,0.002090311,0.002552573,0.003309732,0.001768766,0.001961899,0.00200245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003282165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001771758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01565168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02739663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985789,0.0006178427,0.00003078408,0.0001357316,0.000170989,0.0004656934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950193,0.002484163,0.001004178,0.0002224239,0.0005482583,0.0007215949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006413264,0.0001791806,0.04509645,0.0001537611,0.0001002377,0.000526159,0.003377584,0.00351508,0.0009244097,0.8898924,0.02436411,0.03122936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002351281,0.0004398443,0.1877345,0.0003336736,0.0004695045,0.0005330788,0.03685211,0.008266586,0.002401451,0.4894721,0.2731309,0.0001312067],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5663336,0.004360721,0.001930002,0.02730223,0.0002461406,0.00002425709,0.000660078,0.0001257739,0.3990172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819142,0.0005871371,0.0001012602,0.0005283974,0.00008510231,0.000004079709,0.00004857843,0.00002604474,0.0167053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02704762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09048337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2778013034","doi":"10.3386/w26284","title":"Use It or Lose It: Efficiency Gains from Wealth Taxation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Economics; Microeconomics; Monetary economics; Business","authors":[{"name":"Fatih Guvenen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gueorgui Kambourov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Burhanettin Kuruşçu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sergio Ocampo-Diaz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daphne Chen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5121403497946884,"gpt":0.4756034712121522,"spread":0.03653687858253613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001593798,0.0004413558,0.0008367024,0.0004822458,0.0005332449,0.002332934,0.0007540162,0.001268779,0.006997835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009694568,0.000244574,0.0007688748,0.0005474488,0.001714431,0.00398363,0.001483595,0.001404644,0.0005248842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001460652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000965147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002692672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002015823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992386,0.0003051165,0.00003045686,0.0001194758,0.00008995595,0.0002164013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974482,0.001360577,0.0005010591,0.000416802,0.0001417511,0.0001316257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000520831,0.0005040137,0.0219838,0.0002087106,0.0002318933,0.0006625372,0.0005051118,0.1102609,0.00297778,0.7513892,0.004858588,0.1058967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001767337,0.0002915573,0.01816268,0.0001578545,0.0002146639,0.0004107315,0.0006867411,0.1191622,0.002593964,0.8469692,0.01112744,0.00004613717],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7224526,0.003150948,0.1244094,0.01194549,0.0002878902,0.0002233099,0.000720023,0.0002474929,0.1365628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903661,0.00044869,0.003499208,0.0004255964,0.00004577657,0.00002504207,0.00005483384,0.00002899658,0.005105752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006997835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02341008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064119911","doi":"10.1257/000282803322655554","title":"Returns to Education: Evidence from U.K. Twins","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Thomas Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Economics","authors":[{"name":"Dorothé Bonjour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lynn Cherkas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan Haskel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denise Hawkes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim D. Spector","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05127695023781457,"gpt":0.2869164194467005,"spread":0.235639469208886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002829969,0.0003438377,0.001013373,0.002277479,0.001205147,0.001742208,0.0008467864,0.0009904564,0.00501172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02645427,0.0004632997,0.0007846806,0.00746029,0.0006851677,0.0008078042,0.003066131,0.0009397764,0.001557721],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001052967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00103593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1494851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1592268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968036,0.0008724495,0.0005868456,0.000561747,0.0006224606,0.0005528987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9733765,0.005070633,0.01118756,0.002360905,0.006032987,0.001971401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008737113,0.0001120192,0.9686121,0.0001677661,0.0008673324,0.0002711213,0.001382681,0.000156618,0.0001221865,0.001017581,0.01243765,0.01397917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004895262,0.00007713366,0.9901215,0.0001307019,0.0003930879,0.0002164206,0.001601533,0.000102028,0.0001480659,0.0003001172,0.006838574,0.00002192541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9760568,0.005769941,0.0001794103,0.001849738,0.0001464544,0.00002317774,0.01067162,0.000005293977,0.005297513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817046,0.005466802,0.0001587684,0.0006427519,0.00007155646,0.00003913812,0.008237088,0.00001985822,0.003659446],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1494851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2972299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160851725","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-2354.2011.00636.x","title":"TRANSPORTATION COSTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND CROSS‐COUNTRY INCOME DIFFERENCES*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Review","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Agriculture; Arable land; Agricultural productivity; Natural resource economics; Economics; Agricultural economics; Production (economics); Business; Economic growth; Geography; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Tasso Adamopoulos","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04200094811382708,"gpt":0.249657748591515,"spread":0.207656800477688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008843868,0.0004446367,0.0003285244,0.001582355,0.0003399158,0.001210787,0.0003570499,0.0004884548,0.005946265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003723753,0.0001307278,0.0007523775,0.002536886,0.0006287867,0.001182768,0.0007576719,0.000841254,0.0004130762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00142239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000587508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01222804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009280382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997579,0.00008943756,0.00001411234,0.00003044597,0.00003070279,0.00007741526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964516,0.001889547,0.001216326,0.0001210496,0.0001836215,0.0001377421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003918737,0.0003168703,0.5811254,0.0003834138,0.0009421936,0.0007973056,0.0003961324,0.09417657,0.000523104,0.2383667,0.008544653,0.07403579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001011172,0.0003808841,0.6477081,0.000396262,0.0008852574,0.0006469835,0.001902628,0.1245464,0.001617726,0.1886321,0.03307353,0.0001091017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.919157,0.01395441,0.01702922,0.005957949,0.0001735042,0.00007367215,0.002086799,0.00004274745,0.04152473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908621,0.0044189,0.0009800546,0.00010764,0.00007367408,0.0000303963,0.0004210745,0.000005655825,0.003100432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01222804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02431375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3145586010","doi":"","title":"The Marginal Cost of Public Funds: Theory and Applications","year":2008,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"MIT Press Books","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Excise; Public economics; Economics; Public finance; Public sector; Revenue; Marginal cost; Government (linguistics); Public capital; Public good; Tax revenue; Marginal utility; Public expenditure; Government revenue; Government spending; Finance; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Public fund; Public investment; Market economy; Economy","authors":[{"name":"Bev Dahlby","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05875616175610626,"gpt":0.223961483793416,"spread":0.1652053220373097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001890407,0.001110874,0.001224064,0.003026376,0.001290788,0.004895442,0.001632851,0.003407974,0.01260888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01104379,0.0006730587,0.001031378,0.005161653,0.005660515,0.007686956,0.002292678,0.004293917,0.001721979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00651232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002338835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005747916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001924527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988223,0.0004464047,0.00005089802,0.0001455437,0.0003810368,0.000153869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956955,0.003224037,0.0002401142,0.0002207638,0.0004972906,0.0001222373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003755559,0.00001088231,0.0001043256,0.00004945993,0.000004217217,0.00002165747,0.00004198086,0.006218043,0.0000218157,0.9815377,0.003045149,0.008941041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003126213,0.000005138852,0.0001180812,0.00008113147,0.000004231565,0.00003893606,0.00005526916,0.01036687,0.00003038582,0.9749603,0.01432892,0.000007706257],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02181615,0.1299795,0.365779,0.02964123,0.001766915,0.000135696,0.0006070446,0.000245677,0.4500287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7148458,0.1417755,0.06589397,0.002046921,0.004339949,0.0005157689,0.0003575057,0.0002656858,0.06995881],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01260888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04725039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110389150","doi":"10.1006/redy.2000.0117","title":"Financial Intermediation and Occupational Choice in Development","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Economic Dynamics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Financial intermediary; Intermediation; Economics; Intermediary; Capital (architecture); Per capita; Monetary economics; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Andrés Erosa","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02776477657934267,"gpt":0.2587782355074059,"spread":0.2310134589280632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001561605,0.000235513,0.0005169782,0.001656673,0.000413964,0.002033232,0.0003896068,0.001237786,0.004045702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003433252,0.0001725859,0.0002156124,0.003726484,0.002623822,0.002499016,0.0006227559,0.001081977,0.0003554315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001830473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002147243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008364563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01103472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997297,0.000132144,0.00001444635,0.00002990891,0.00004461271,0.00004926694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970918,0.002169171,0.0002620366,0.00005989631,0.0002211436,0.0001959096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001370158,0.0002070281,0.02729101,0.0009534844,0.0001226515,0.0002129076,0.0004780045,0.00942474,0.000271651,0.68923,0.01515757,0.256514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004326491,0.00005427164,0.04486759,0.001398418,0.00006121648,0.0002315628,0.00110591,0.003947578,0.0001802801,0.833012,0.1150606,0.00003720875],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06000485,0.8662539,0.00484337,0.03959401,0.0003483261,0.00001244106,0.0002763802,0.00001430342,0.02865242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3736213,0.6187907,0.001036843,0.0007840653,0.001065461,0.00001277676,0.0001130632,0.000004253792,0.004571483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008364563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01663172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}