{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":321,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":321,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"91d70c926519","filters":{"topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis"}},"results":[{"id":"W2145372548","doi":"10.1007/s00477-008-0226-6","title":"Statistical approach to inverse distance interpolation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Interpolation (computer graphics); Inverse; Mathematics; Robustness (evolution); Kriging; Applied mathematics; Smoothness; Inverse problem; Variance (accounting); Nearest-neighbor interpolation; Inverse distance weighting; Statistics; Multivariate interpolation; Mathematical optimization; Algorithm; Computer science; Bilinear interpolation; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical analysis; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03385269199773742,"gpt":0.2917775641613067,"spread":0.2579248721635693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003480966,0.0001259701,0.00013684,0.0001323161,0.0002681884,0.00003000352,0.00009392572,0.00003606041,0.00007477638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000281564,0.0001126097,0.00002426932,0.0001333411,0.0002038234,0.00009047546,0.00007256759,0.0003160052,0.00005910323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002239839,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001384842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003685303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002287404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985367,0.00006247524,0.0001601364,0.0002483596,0.0006442026,0.0003481174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994662,0.00008519772,0.00001246142,0.0001589693,0.000009031563,0.0002681513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005696413,0.004170165,0.5203663,0.0004549602,0.001749153,0.0001610243,0.008811562,0.2823223,0.04874726,0.01246247,0.03977835,0.08040687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006927929,0.0003735093,0.185174,0.00002984367,0.00003794801,0.000009999157,0.001184894,0.8102852,0.00009789642,0.0009041493,0.000848579,0.0003612234],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3198884,0.0001166931,0.6772507,0.00001465671,0.00003616694,0.0002354579,0.00007584385,0.00003258466,0.002349468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874212,0.0004283458,0.01175129,0.000005970729,0.0000473637,0.00006530961,0.00005928087,0.00001867648,0.0002025567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6675328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.459209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099738282","doi":"10.1002/pen.11141","title":"Ultrasonic in‐line monitoring of polymer extrusion","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymer Engineering and Science","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Extrusion; Ultrasonic sensor; Polypropylene; Plastics extrusion; Composite material; Polymer; Polyethylene; High-density polyethylene; Extrusion moulding; Elastomer; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00971674024288552,"gpt":0.2033093097552036,"spread":0.193592569512318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001939477,0.0001052632,0.000135449,0.000237722,0.00003490296,0.00002173236,0.0001346783,0.00002717006,0.00005872576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001009759,0.0001017208,0.00002721088,0.0007136452,0.00005544031,0.0001797429,0.0000103897,0.00008530496,0.000004222364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002280734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001071193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004298211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001146646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999196,0.000002921959,0.0001685269,0.0001476614,0.0002259871,0.000258897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999759,0.00001643063,0.000008853567,0.0001287371,0.00001097452,0.00007596322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002069133,0.00001084853,0.01084135,0.00003289732,0.00000737105,0.000001776945,0.0002533181,0.04465184,0.910129,0.00004660619,0.000001630136,0.0340213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000153076,0.00001306272,0.01571545,0.00009538382,0.00000937355,0.00000308467,0.00002617627,0.173829,0.8099511,0.000002293453,0.00004213212,0.0001598297],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921257,0.006856595,0.0002194844,0.00001339112,0.000132144,0.00002314663,8.660639e-7,0.00007662078,0.0005519974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992232,0.0003882028,0.0001646215,0.000002341242,0.00004608543,0.00000279608,2.798978e-7,0.00001061565,0.0001618565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1291772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4148053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208855740","doi":"10.3390/polym13213647","title":"Application of Wavelet Feature Extraction and Artificial Neural Networks for Improving the Performance of Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Meters Used in Oil and Petrochemical Industries","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymers","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Wavelet; Kurtosis; Monte Carlo method; Artificial neural network; Discrete wavelet transform; Multiphase flow; Detector; Wavelet transform; Computer science; Materials science; Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01320934771878828,"gpt":0.2320190951590483,"spread":0.21880974744026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001054414,0.00006955779,0.0001217211,0.00004251525,0.00002775224,0.00001050376,0.00002965893,0.00005147577,0.000002105907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001850063,0.0000601861,0.00002706842,0.0001667228,0.00003730285,0.00007521578,0.000008686799,0.0001062041,1.834446e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001288314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007846463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001829743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003426079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995816,0.00001122376,0.000137833,0.0000926802,0.0000745876,0.0001021033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998001,0.00004348667,0.00003970169,0.00007354924,0.0000225457,0.00002056739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007569112,0.00001147176,0.0006143739,0.00007107735,0.00002272045,1.860911e-7,0.0001223972,0.00673878,0.7861317,0.000003350368,0.000006624283,0.2062017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002639528,0.00002103787,0.00009347469,0.000007752566,0.00003767388,0.000001048514,0.0001394766,0.6343859,0.3650002,5.163085e-7,0.000009262641,0.00003967812],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954071,0.0007519441,0.003592232,0.0001477709,0.00004341253,0.00003571052,0.000004870329,0.000009615255,0.000007355902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996324,0.00004727016,0.0002080716,0.000007023494,0.00005331498,0.00001476139,0.00002202844,0.000007788314,0.000007310878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6276472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2454318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025028837","doi":"10.1021/ie0607548","title":"Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry To Study Pulp Suspension Mixing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Impeller; Mechanics; Fluent; Velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Mixing (physics); Rheology; Ultrasonic sensor; Materials science; Laser Doppler velocimetry; Mechanical engineering; Acoustics; Turbulence; Physics; Engineering; Composite material; Blood flow","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1359915792414998,"gpt":0.342476797289712,"spread":0.2064852180482123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002210797,0.0002403061,0.0002712207,0.0003030124,0.0001779114,0.0001366567,0.0002181296,0.000211269,0.00003829251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003363515,0.0002771505,0.00005553592,0.001061965,0.00002101863,0.000109567,0.0001057613,0.0008752536,0.000005429776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005545621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005125886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000701874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000800991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976631,0.00002460021,0.000403685,0.0003537819,0.0008633772,0.0006914106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990659,0.000204123,0.00001617766,0.0002228942,0.0002016704,0.0002891715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001510982,0.000025775,0.0009681829,0.00002837436,0.00007996341,0.00001823106,0.00009801157,0.673367,0.3244204,0.000002897096,0.00002089672,0.0009552052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006031406,0.00002143644,0.0001167888,0.00008125528,0.00002753679,0.00001370405,0.0005126104,0.9371418,0.06119572,0.000007420233,0.00001572596,0.0002629111],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769765,0.0001234776,0.02218208,0.00002178106,0.0001364085,0.0002619963,0.000005775047,0.0001696018,0.0001223711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984778,0.000004459753,0.0008969388,0.000001828515,0.000501897,0.000006967073,0.00002406859,0.00006169034,0.00002430999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2637748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1938396017","doi":"10.6000/1929-6029.2015.04.02.6","title":"Non-Parametric Test for Ordered Medians: The Jonckheere Terpstra Test","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nonparametric statistics; Statistics; Test (biology); Population; Sample size determination; Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance; Parametric statistics; Mathematics; Medicine; Mann–Whitney U test; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09337988744516092,"gpt":0.4106866710945514,"spread":0.3173067836493905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005514762,0.00009107878,0.0001913873,0.0006323825,0.00003453387,0.0001040249,0.0009984471,0.00008413736,0.0002035386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04531916,0.00006251905,0.00005664593,0.0005521176,0.0001624695,0.0000915102,0.00005279421,0.000852821,0.00002233338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002878066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004610292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003815483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001704878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951836,0.00005381666,0.0005856435,0.00009052938,0.003800571,0.0002858075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99145,0.006010117,0.00006838534,0.0001044245,0.002075924,0.000291191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002311199,0.001026651,0.0639093,0.0001623219,0.0008065207,0.001785172,0.001504876,0.008118427,0.0008598827,0.003431506,0.5626587,0.3555055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005681806,0.0008870934,0.01186635,0.0007473178,0.00006187191,0.0001573834,0.001556217,0.8855768,0.000765806,0.03255241,0.05980115,0.0003457748],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1250446,0.003473016,0.8218188,0.02870149,0.007624492,0.001176979,0.000996007,0.00006832751,0.01109626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991869,0.000593571,0.006420046,0.00007756585,0.0008644012,0.0000150468,0.00001616017,0.00001957913,0.0001246546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8774584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9627225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030657541","doi":"10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.009","title":"Investigation of wall mass transfer characteristics downstream of an orifice","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nuclear Engineering and Design","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Body orifice; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Turbulence; Flow conditioning; Orifice plate; Downstream (manufacturing); Mass transfer; Sherwood number; Momentum (technical analysis); Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Nusselt number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03233142754889545,"gpt":0.1612129140839558,"spread":0.1288814865350603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001327123,0.00009329092,0.0001581593,0.00008808308,0.00001015162,0.000006159777,0.00005754685,0.00005528703,0.00003178942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007558121,0.00009469702,0.0000295061,0.0001013127,0.00001716222,0.00009187924,0.000002037391,0.00005938282,0.000002352211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007022901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000348707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009557403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.795655e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995558,0.00001082778,0.0001752791,0.00007684573,0.00008831013,0.00009290079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997782,0.00001126951,0.00001255971,0.000109769,0.00002993885,0.00005833348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002101909,0.00001410097,0.0004905464,0.0002650565,0.00009500717,0.000002186035,0.001716189,0.01114415,0.9833052,0.0003996493,0.00002818447,0.002518774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003104812,0.0001702511,0.01117476,0.00009495096,0.0001264611,0.000002136683,0.00006630696,0.7457817,0.2417995,0.00005881391,0.0001531057,0.0002615298],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.951601,0.00005337113,0.04787468,0.000002107497,0.00005626466,0.00005421859,0.000004207553,0.0001259636,0.0002282053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986646,0.00003851013,0.0132607,0.00000322854,0.00001656208,0.00000137584,0.000003342788,0.00002570711,0.000004592573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7415056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3861632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046715895","doi":"10.1007/s10404-011-0862-x","title":"Optical measurement of pore scale velocity field inside microporous media","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Porous medium; Vector field; Velocimetry; Particle tracking velocimetry; Materials science; Microporous material; Flow velocity; Tracking (education); Optics; Field (mathematics); Porosity; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Composite material; Turbulence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02530269928410913,"gpt":0.1825474007881718,"spread":0.1572447015040626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005245779,0.000258295,0.0004007235,0.000154335,0.00007612169,0.00001975503,0.0002000478,0.0001923386,0.0001024115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006552947,0.00024595,0.0001373563,0.0002553685,0.0001173142,0.0000855012,0.00004982843,0.0001823168,0.00001159172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005579779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004553897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007246273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002635612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984317,0.00002527218,0.0004958431,0.0002491752,0.0004523896,0.0003455617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992265,0.00003442843,0.00004907104,0.0002963779,0.0002199859,0.0001736576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002558015,0.00008308901,0.003751761,0.0001027504,0.0001489835,0.00001573288,0.001012425,5.604814e-7,0.9699372,0.0001472173,0.008933072,0.01584164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003998117,0.00008040656,0.002144774,0.00006608548,0.0001407212,0.00001134954,0.0001273998,0.0001110848,0.9906337,0.000173148,0.005826788,0.0002846777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9621354,0.02815781,0.005562261,0.00006117835,0.0003880544,0.0001463169,0.00001981203,0.0001310634,0.003398159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903133,0.007405552,0.00203361,0.00009204276,0.0000778083,0.000006280409,0.00001279494,0.00003958946,0.00001904253],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02817793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983199375","doi":"10.1682/jrrd.2007.06.0089","title":"Effect of model design, cushion construction, and interface pressure mats on interface pressure and immersion","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research; Australian Government","keywords":"Cushion; Buttocks; Immersion (mathematics); Pressure sores; Structural engineering; Composite material; Materials science; Engineering; Surgery; Medicine; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03802333143464945,"gpt":0.3026371503263043,"spread":0.2646138188916548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002665125,0.00009471294,0.00018611,0.0002043765,0.0001403674,0.00001680249,0.00007374273,0.00004156561,0.0000079177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001866917,0.00005934512,0.00001808516,0.0001161706,0.000200954,0.0001321274,0.00003524515,0.00022611,9.057051e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002285291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003839675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002387501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.959308e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987527,0.0003189439,0.0002839855,0.00008266852,0.0004366209,0.0001250513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987611,0.0007601752,0.00006513638,0.00007798422,0.0002602786,0.00007536083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006859858,0.0002030659,0.02573183,0.003789551,0.001687841,0.000004551021,0.0456872,0.4977369,0.2897825,0.00008119733,0.01095611,0.1174794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005394418,0.009873796,0.02775289,0.002060246,0.0003388602,0.0002109077,0.006484245,0.2299944,0.714108,0.0006728298,0.002545911,0.0005635343],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729916,0.004670178,0.02186339,0.0001911453,0.00003136722,0.0002118158,9.221039e-7,0.000006611722,0.00003301156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922908,0.0009821744,0.006643205,0.000001723443,0.000009114119,0.000003405938,2.662712e-7,0.000007370732,0.00006192354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4243255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2420024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389001487","doi":"10.1007/s42757-023-0172-z","title":"Experimental measuring techniques for industrial-scale multiphase flow problems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Teck (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Multiphase flow; Particle image velocimetry; Velocimetry; Flow (mathematics); Scale (ratio); Computer science; Process engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanics; Turbulence; Geography; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05261308424602829,"gpt":0.2680679385365422,"spread":0.2154548542905139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002159927,0.0003335442,0.000316238,0.0002568433,0.0002846621,0.0001107349,0.0001350642,0.0001145367,0.00006686936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000153141,0.0003412377,0.0001674785,0.0003152653,0.00006980688,0.0002671616,0.00005878211,0.0001296467,0.00003316244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001225667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002090997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001470225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002652788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983853,0.00002999042,0.0004058345,0.0003968905,0.0003948221,0.000387201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994968,0.00008386173,0.00004531801,0.0001296924,0.00006410951,0.0001802194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009664464,0.0004062862,0.0002307599,0.00005993684,0.0001832382,0.00001030096,0.001660449,0.4787543,0.4922689,0.00003053163,0.003573102,0.02272559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001909002,0.0001018976,0.00002462655,0.00005282337,0.00001561954,0.00000415841,0.0004078619,0.6753977,0.3202968,0.00004972482,0.001437855,0.000301963],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8520551,0.002728862,0.1387534,0.0001472981,0.0009396305,0.001969724,0.0002936669,0.002536878,0.0005754354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.946696,0.000009116538,0.05160006,0.00004674287,0.0003671621,0.0006297539,0.0004627656,0.00006689312,0.0001214766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1966434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033577955","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2006.10.040","title":"Flow regime determination in horizontal pneumatic transport of fine powders using non-intrusive acoustic probes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Flow (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Mechanics; Materials science; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Multiphase flow; Two-phase flow; Acoustics; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006384915497071272,"gpt":0.1965777032025575,"spread":0.1901927877054862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008753022,0.0001563535,0.0003018823,0.0007125287,0.00002407822,0.00000446685,0.0001388709,0.0001795752,0.00002617509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001755371,0.0001647567,0.00006535469,0.0006676601,0.00006771359,0.00009398488,0.00001057576,0.0001526488,0.000004723859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000978219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001669083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008846398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009449653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990824,0.000007538939,0.0003558825,0.0001635798,0.0001418616,0.0002486941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996859,0.0000130207,0.00005629259,0.0001839008,0.00004604379,0.00001487296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008313918,0.0000941945,0.01551876,0.0002920286,0.00005900606,0.00004126499,0.0001863685,0.1149538,0.8601174,0.00008050142,0.00003648023,0.008611853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006709658,0.00006199769,0.003164621,0.0001725484,0.0001221902,0.00001669883,0.0001793006,0.8219924,0.1722364,0.001086717,0.00001817444,0.0002780015],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680265,0.0001968304,0.03100471,0.00008696652,0.00007973061,0.0001788987,0.000004020836,0.0001596719,0.0002626541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996201,0.000008500421,0.003687752,0.000002252973,0.00002225956,0.00001827963,0.00001344224,0.00002598834,0.00002049691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7070386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6718585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379380437","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2023.110979","title":"Robust CNN-based flow pattern identification for horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow using flow-induced vibration","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Convolutional neural network; Flow (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Pipeline (software); Mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05259444100706536,"gpt":0.2572279365074302,"spread":0.2046334955003648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004426297,0.000181607,0.0001477857,0.0001964881,0.0004421971,0.0001943977,0.0002037822,0.0000485995,0.0000606273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001166718,0.0001745234,0.00007919209,0.0005809819,0.0001001511,0.0005663615,0.00003814631,0.00005806225,0.00002982728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001182094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003455978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001634485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003673354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986211,0.00001858356,0.0002437865,0.0003559819,0.0004005312,0.0003600103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996112,0.00001623684,0.00003159487,0.0001789052,0.00005233299,0.0001097142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001890451,0.00002244062,0.00002748364,0.00001401269,0.000009466423,0.000001300316,0.0005090446,0.05487972,0.937694,0.000004052655,0.00002451664,0.006795028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001874932,0.0000524986,0.0001023416,0.00001236112,0.00000726383,5.176028e-7,0.000169995,0.5112968,0.4880442,0.000001417884,0.000008494239,0.0001165508],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9207991,0.0001468101,0.07797059,0.00004010029,0.0005032895,0.0002350446,0.00001386283,0.0002093656,0.00008183035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971727,0.000005617645,0.002473254,0.0000324851,0.0001748616,0.00005417421,0.00004969403,0.0000252834,0.00001189751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4564171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7116856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087310786","doi":"10.1002/pen.10009","title":"Application of ultrasound in the determination of fundamental extrusion performance: Residence time distribution measurement","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymer Engineering and Science","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Residence time distribution; Extrusion; Plastics extrusion; Materials science; Ultrasonic sensor; Low-density polyethylene; Mixing (physics); Die (integrated circuit); Composite material; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Acoustics; Polymer; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Nanotechnology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009414965146194755,"gpt":0.1950802871095742,"spread":0.1856653219633794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008765366,0.00005810723,0.00007082717,0.00008572739,0.00003750294,0.00001231045,0.0000979563,0.00001553858,0.000002865814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006127463,0.00004699806,0.00001434424,0.0004732351,0.00005790339,0.000141226,0.000005101961,0.00004066321,6.932842e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004566058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001135291,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008699289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001151246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992729,0.000009248953,0.0001471921,0.00008537104,0.0003784626,0.0001068487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997941,0.00002512228,0.00002435258,0.0001019967,0.00003618304,0.00001821197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001056459,0.00001068635,0.006191778,0.00004413868,0.000001541447,6.129325e-8,0.0002169665,0.004817789,0.9837749,0.0001755915,0.000001886593,0.004763613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009497626,0.00001936661,0.05318898,0.00005651977,0.00001095834,0.000003241515,0.00005259606,0.3916602,0.5547997,0.000007954871,0.00002875243,0.0000768209],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802215,0.0005997385,0.01894791,0.000004871444,0.00002959559,0.00006180633,0.00000168637,0.00001331334,0.0001195478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997802,0.00004810446,0.0001515068,0.000001083919,0.000004623131,0.000007150619,0.000001722919,0.000002731835,0.000002858105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4289752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1916525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083485727","doi":"10.3390/mi11090840","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Micro-Inertial Measurement Unit Based Intelligent PIG Multi-Sensor Fusion Technologies for Small-Diameter Pipeline Surveying","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Micromachines","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Inertial measurement unit; Pipeline (software); Inertial frame of reference; Engineering; Sensor fusion; Computer science; Materials science; Systems engineering; Aerospace engineering; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1708354402570452,"gpt":0.3172139957110302,"spread":0.1463785554539849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007360847,0.0009570423,0.003265634,0.0004800195,0.00008428311,0.00003949888,0.0006715821,0.0003238828,0.0000395746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005636318,0.0007474563,0.001515239,0.0008217006,0.0000730352,0.00003760379,0.0001358557,0.0004597801,0.00002744426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001750332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001093828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004548624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006664814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996656,0.0002553154,0.001635264,0.0006104714,0.000404049,0.0004389019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979621,0.0002404122,0.0004435287,0.000619657,0.000651226,0.00008308041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001075507,0.00007944355,0.00001208825,0.2535502,0.0005989788,0.000005151002,0.00001369588,0.0001062847,0.01121443,3.619104e-7,0.001277566,0.7331311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004356919,0.00005308496,0.000001963142,0.08902126,0.002343571,0.000005228253,0.00001510195,0.005097826,0.005553281,5.537487e-7,0.8967268,0.0007455798],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000173099,0.9703435,0.02628675,0.00009469729,0.0002937551,0.002014889,0.0004616189,0.0004794257,0.000008054571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002079249,0.9816944,0.01693566,0.00007438114,0.0001134084,0.0002295154,0.0007425932,0.0001672109,0.00002206646],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8954493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103745670","doi":"10.1109/58.883523","title":"A two-dimensional hydrophone array using piezoelectric PVDF","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","keywords":"Hydrophone; Acoustics; Transducer; RADIUS; Piezoelectricity; Ultrasonic sensor; Materials science; Optics; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009888786402584594,"gpt":0.2005983723962131,"spread":0.1907095859936285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002295209,0.000382704,0.0004229235,0.000403428,0.0003374279,0.00008394376,0.0001502969,0.0001519384,0.0006059827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000635062,0.0003864502,0.0002189583,0.001158601,0.00004712516,0.000188403,1.409994e-7,0.0005658071,0.00005388656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002049133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007494458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001308724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001051542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980859,0.00006149046,0.0004167977,0.0003893327,0.0004209538,0.0006255349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992625,0.0001349958,0.00003987742,0.0002713673,0.00008124218,0.0002099991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005999943,0.0001521534,0.00003354463,0.00001809934,0.000378789,0.0000132294,0.00005473767,0.625259,0.2770729,0.00002795242,0.00003951381,0.09689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002157064,0.000192034,0.00002073914,0.00002929262,0.0003772088,0.00005368709,0.00000406368,0.9799088,0.01628084,0.0003394276,0.00009873125,0.0005381001],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3752928,0.003114225,0.6182715,0.00007382906,0.0003549106,0.0003481395,0.00005178172,0.000372012,0.002120741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977696,0.0006376226,0.001054664,0.0001702931,0.00008501246,0.00003137129,0.00000501661,0.00006670666,0.0001797102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6224768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1618954394","doi":"10.1017/9781108671149.008","title":"Fundamentals of Compressible Flow","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mach number; Transonic; Compressible flow; Compressibility; Mechanics; Shock wave; Isentropic process; Choked flow; Mach wave; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Shock (circulatory); Viscosity; Supersonic speed; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Aerodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03496532853501425,"gpt":0.1827249872876075,"spread":0.1477596587525933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000692321,0.0002846534,0.0004602391,0.0002667438,0.0000542942,0.0000154107,0.0003371835,0.0002162693,0.00001738831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002123704,0.0003523468,0.0002901476,0.00001502549,0.00009619156,0.0000509169,0.0001348037,0.0002436153,0.00004313707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001053413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002052899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003149406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003337024,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990495,0.00001081327,0.000201279,0.0002328091,0.00030139,0.0002041844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993328,0.00003048141,0.00008414754,0.0003811668,0.0000771089,0.00009427172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009638775,0.00002818066,0.00002034828,0.002178176,0.00430853,0.0004736002,0.0001530513,0.01011628,0.007143885,0.5393039,0.4258738,0.0103039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007207127,0.00003346516,0.00002755371,0.000617139,0.0008136225,0.000001928011,0.00003628563,0.01405981,0.006421824,0.0000107223,0.9765081,0.0007488593],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001355331,0.0002496561,0.0004438317,0.00000188396,0.0002767664,0.0001594721,0.0003704599,0.0003863373,0.9979761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002894796,0.0002663172,0.00009702388,0.000004513404,0.00007137641,4.124313e-7,0.00009215081,0.00007379497,0.9964996],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5506343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395467926","doi":"10.1017/9781009343657","title":"Measurement in Fluid Mechanics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Fluid mechanics; Mechanics; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02301529781926384,"gpt":0.170139728558105,"spread":0.1471244307388412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002545349,0.0003776326,0.000422866,0.0004554277,0.00004068289,0.00005047387,0.0003893852,0.0003168374,0.000003684993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005904672,0.0004649483,0.0002594884,0.00004134425,0.00002345371,0.00005743382,0.0001293004,0.0005295673,0.00005996417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001515445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000149529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003536881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000263428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984904,0.00003000618,0.0002144189,0.0003712172,0.0005733375,0.0003206389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993541,0.000008980631,0.00003296154,0.0003932843,0.0001007657,0.0001099513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000265963,0.00001714462,8.610764e-7,0.001515907,0.001005523,0.0008549641,0.00009039485,0.002433294,0.002119408,0.1769679,0.8132799,0.001688103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003074065,0.0000134015,0.000001202487,0.0007235943,0.0004587875,0.000001961628,0.00001879658,0.01938397,0.0007440504,0.00001085698,0.9778232,0.0005127791],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003725727,0.002317327,0.001301043,0.000005374428,0.0005716085,0.0002462911,0.00006471533,0.0004478939,0.9950085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004538325,0.0002526851,0.00002350954,0.00001207117,0.0001525701,0.00000165861,0.00003345655,0.00008497194,0.9949008],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1769571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074213081","doi":"10.2118/2009-194","title":"Investigation of Gas Flow in SAGD","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian International Petroleum Conference","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laricina Energy (Canada); University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Flow (mathematics); Computer science; Environmental science; Geology; Mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02058554294574655,"gpt":0.1983311092082139,"spread":0.1777455662624673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008168457,0.00007243826,0.00009571701,0.000382995,0.00001083608,0.00002365394,0.000171916,0.00003703358,0.0003203941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002609282,0.00008430595,0.0000316367,0.0001274731,0.00001765947,0.0001102836,0.000002580818,0.00008288657,0.00002120072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002167426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001259436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006159439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1146455,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994432,0.000008458989,0.0001726076,0.00008745847,0.0001539831,0.0001342312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997005,0.000007666538,0.00001936081,0.00008203706,0.00007668743,0.0001136883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002456468,0.0000276265,0.3348033,0.00006339976,0.0002526966,0.00007838129,0.001494658,0.501213,0.07700587,0.03419341,0.01140716,0.03943588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003525599,0.00002413938,0.1328512,0.000105254,0.00001049364,0.000001899648,0.00005467846,0.8556166,0.004508119,0.003078952,0.003189307,0.0002068059],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641085,0.0000523004,0.0004391109,0.001093348,0.0001972162,0.00002543654,0.00002054333,0.00002428385,0.03403925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993911,0.00002138391,0.000234729,0.00009883445,0.0000438602,0.000002647607,0.0000398186,0.000004534852,0.0001631052],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3544036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9311271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087931417","doi":"10.1179/cmq.2003.42.2.175","title":"A Dynamic Approach to Determining the Surface Tension of a Fluid","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Surface tension; Body orifice; Mechanics; Dimensionless quantity; Weber number; Volumetric flow rate; Thermodynamics; Maximum bubble pressure method; Chemistry; Flow (mathematics); Tension (geology); Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Turbulence; Physics; Reynolds number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01188892884855892,"gpt":0.1872637431554172,"spread":0.1753748143068583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002899338,0.0001463821,0.0002351667,0.0001169182,0.00006684325,0.00003329702,0.0001818849,0.00006114325,0.00006494553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002963689,0.0001076679,0.0001283762,0.0004050724,0.0000253533,0.00005357336,0.000002250385,0.0001092953,0.00005018545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009606719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005412538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009681375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00801032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990196,0.00006055199,0.000226934,0.0001659439,0.0001930674,0.0003338837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992808,0.00002586799,0.00001659523,0.0002717111,0.00005653896,0.0003484663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006977091,0.0005213553,0.004736809,0.0007599244,0.003265066,0.0002700934,0.01513066,0.6403039,0.214581,0.01660015,0.01477531,0.08898599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008909825,0.0003120751,0.006990617,0.00005604465,0.000320075,0.00002701507,0.001440554,0.9501379,0.0004481515,0.0001834006,0.03831114,0.000882083],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773067,0.0001925102,0.009913295,0.0001149131,0.0001267941,0.0002072963,0.000009382026,0.00005044682,0.01207873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979082,0.000002091395,0.00179775,0.00008721279,0.000008538542,0.000007593806,0.000005713915,0.00002172095,0.0001611867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3098339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4469947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169364531","doi":"10.1115/imece2004-61410","title":"A Simple Asymptotic Compact Model for Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Gradient in Horizontal Pipes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluids Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pressure gradient; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Turbulence; Phase (matter); Mathematics; Physics; Materials science; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0149868954218521,"gpt":0.233642808867425,"spread":0.2186559134455729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001193736,0.0002202957,0.0002436027,0.0002394206,0.00004306277,0.00003465097,0.000119382,0.00005633331,0.00001380052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002269796,0.0002400011,0.0001364844,0.0002407492,0.000005733805,0.0001719464,0.0000100274,0.0001400624,0.000006291244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001795534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002019662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002660382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000409001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989731,0.000003354666,0.0002565327,0.0001869845,0.0001971037,0.0003828924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996922,0.00002155653,0.0000114037,0.0001456714,0.00002818183,0.0001010035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008419146,0.00005728131,0.0001245782,0.0000896803,0.00008130338,0.000003004313,0.0001782169,0.9398018,0.05822491,0.001121685,0.000176089,0.0001330408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002099462,0.00004702674,0.000232946,0.00005036733,0.00006355671,0.00000242768,0.00001149002,0.990862,0.005757964,0.0001533107,0.0004565745,0.000262891],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3683381,0.0007721701,0.6298499,0.00002031313,0.0002238606,0.0002372915,0.00005406509,0.0003649023,0.000139378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972115,0.000009699731,0.002424523,0.000006049137,0.0001656151,0.00004640761,0.00005601704,0.00005117315,0.00002904969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6288734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9786963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009321752","doi":"10.1109/jstars.2020.2977303","title":"A Microwave Sensing and Imaging Method for Multiphase Flow Metering of Crude Oil Pipes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Metering mode; Synthetic aperture radar; Multiphase flow; Computer science; Microwave imaging; Radar imaging; Volumetric flow rate; Iterative reconstruction; Remote sensing; Microwave; Computer vision; Radar; Geology; Optics; Telecommunications; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03075153887464649,"gpt":0.2380940069733999,"spread":0.2073424680987534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003168117,0.0001367176,0.0003514183,0.0001797787,0.00006896926,0.00004620409,0.00003864007,0.00005300701,5.575236e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001089322,0.0001347585,0.00005823904,0.0003954521,0.00002336841,0.00007985118,0.000009989314,0.000213616,3.829055e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002147717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003003881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001941848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009535515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990356,0.00002600375,0.0004998932,0.0001224906,0.0001468397,0.0001692048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993536,0.0001086623,0.0001414252,0.00006123657,0.0002606633,0.0000744244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001612199,0.000002673604,0.00003521035,0.0001130372,0.00005553365,0.000004692628,0.0004868776,0.01731466,0.6035169,0.000003092459,0.00001025312,0.378441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000705721,0.00001572017,0.0002779532,0.0001532933,0.00008741589,0.00002645495,0.0001329002,0.8615295,0.1364728,0.0001028914,0.000375938,0.0001193791],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3651159,0.0003288473,0.6341246,0.0002442655,0.00006903536,0.00005034116,0.000002426213,0.00001668883,0.0000479678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3703524,0.0001434755,0.6292626,0.00006524519,0.0001554064,2.474003e-8,0.000001569298,0.00001536059,0.000003925568],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8442149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5495291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039555633","doi":"10.2202/1542-6580.1726","title":"Multiphase Flow Measurement Techniques for Slurry Transport","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Flow measurement; Materials science; Multiphase flow; Acoustics; Flow (mathematics); Capacitance; Mass flow; Pressure measurement; Nuclear engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03177375084300094,"gpt":0.2221743523534138,"spread":0.1904006015104129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002901568,0.0001482865,0.0002060905,0.0001829601,0.000003285513,0.00001306507,0.0003097846,0.00006848353,0.00004425284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001412984,0.0001378966,0.0002617355,0.0000624732,0.000009452257,0.0001961552,0.000007140954,0.0001735738,0.000001410342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001980688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002073745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000020875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.61815e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987503,0.000002448528,0.0004464174,0.0000808267,0.0005639262,0.000156127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992319,0.00002671183,0.0000704495,0.00007618313,0.0004872015,0.0001074938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006116397,0.00006125637,0.0001171008,0.00003148649,0.0004538875,0.00002073008,0.0001560824,0.0006526865,0.9880564,0.00002969027,0.0002702491,0.01008929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004561056,0.00002555644,0.00004598392,0.0001626302,0.00007024027,0.00001980876,0.000007134425,0.03045916,0.9603562,0.00003310863,0.008201472,0.000162537],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3347562,0.0008026359,0.6606885,0.00007654163,0.002009866,0.0002058389,0.00003144337,0.0003293809,0.001099637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9538819,0.00004919864,0.04551689,0.00001182876,0.0004908775,0.000009911018,0.000005608135,0.00003235637,0.000001450853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6191257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.562326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077796","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2004-0029","title":"INVESTIGATION OF LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH AN ORIFICE PLATE INSERTED IN A PIPE","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Body orifice; Mechanics; Orifice plate; Discharge coefficient; Pressure drop; Flow coefficient; Flow conditioning; Dimensionless quantity; Pipe flow; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01836287452201619,"gpt":0.1885377599097672,"spread":0.1701748853877511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001386306,0.00009838584,0.0001531543,0.00005030138,0.00005328637,0.000007474811,0.0001023512,0.0001001217,0.000004124269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008252417,0.00009524816,0.000162436,0.0003242028,0.00002170108,0.0001494709,0.000001348872,0.0001384552,1.153887e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001991559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006542082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007212057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03939298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994349,0.000004552695,0.0001998524,0.00009589815,0.00009927792,0.0001654834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997113,0.00001656903,0.00001800322,0.0001336961,0.00003085236,0.00008958639],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002691034,0.000006533719,0.000005243798,0.0001586108,0.00009529416,2.037839e-7,0.001249642,0.9167444,0.08081085,0.0006063128,0.000005479224,0.0003147656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006980592,0.00004551983,0.0001391479,0.0001761617,0.0001144381,0.000002373128,0.0001865032,0.8642948,0.1333053,0.000714549,0.0001557929,0.0001673479],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6307853,0.0002240336,0.3679087,0.0004995444,0.0001548161,0.0003065938,0.00004943759,0.00006442262,0.000007208449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781262,0.00005266262,0.0217363,0.00002661089,0.00001130683,0.00001802956,0.000005824364,0.00001945454,0.000003589348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3473409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945661281","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.001","title":"Acoustic Shadow Detection: Study and Statistics of B-Mode and Radiofrequency Data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nakagami distribution; Computer science; Thresholding; Transducer; Artificial intelligence; Standard deviation; Brightness; Speckle pattern; Entropy (arrow of time); Artifact (error); Computer vision; Acoustics; Statistics; Algorithm; Physics; Optics; Mathematics; Image (mathematics); Fading","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02134560822390113,"gpt":0.2802069708630165,"spread":0.2588613626391154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003385508,0.0001016303,0.0003006008,0.0001218359,0.00001431234,0.000003350876,0.0001165566,0.00004505097,0.00008911281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002860386,0.00008069853,0.000005355107,0.0001403862,0.0001049517,0.00004872978,0.00002166644,0.0001269606,0.00000214332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001468253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006884813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003117766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008528637,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993151,0.00004371836,0.0002442687,0.0001943639,0.00007556343,0.0001269725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993487,0.0002959749,0.00002987551,0.0002679524,0.00002317948,0.00003434482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001809461,0.00005809164,0.5696296,0.0001886874,0.0001768344,0.000004857826,0.000997807,0.0004417284,0.3718569,0.00008972453,0.0002769467,0.05626073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01414479,0.006721016,0.6251183,0.00048021,0.00168454,0.000149999,0.009404491,0.3253437,0.001685086,0.007204131,0.006416823,0.001646839],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860259,0.002495317,0.01063637,0.00001819,0.000232987,0.0001766652,0.00004410461,0.00002430958,0.0003461147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983742,0.0009993655,0.0004576652,0.00001577454,0.00006463316,0.000002860977,0.00006147844,0.000008499184,0.00001551739],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3701718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.329079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897198472","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2018.2876200","title":"Oscillation Frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$LC$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Based Sensor for Characterizing Two-Phase Flows in Energy Systems","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Flow measurement; Two-phase flow; Inductance; Capacitance; Electronic engineering; Capacitive sensing; Electrical engineering; Acoustics; Engineering; Materials science; Control theory (sociology); Flow (mathematics); Physics; Computer science; Mechanics; Voltage; Electrode","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02187721860849946,"gpt":0.2548002169946329,"spread":0.2329229983861335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002128374,0.001196298,0.001504669,0.001663183,0.0008025242,0.0006926435,0.0006161075,0.0005641817,0.0001108254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003393842,0.001137835,0.0008470337,0.001338824,0.0001221252,0.001314345,0.00003666624,0.0007537105,0.0001955573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009919531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002912903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006375515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000537174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926605,0.0003049478,0.002779437,0.0009123822,0.00163213,0.001710577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958606,0.0003108002,0.0009455237,0.0008407021,0.001379085,0.0006632459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002302551,0.0002597868,0.0003257819,0.0002956016,0.0005023862,0.0001643809,0.0007317011,0.2597865,0.7329432,0.0007143829,0.0006964257,0.003349509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00591203,0.0003601813,0.0003499129,0.0007127334,0.0003703284,0.00022263,0.00006092223,0.9526487,0.02291767,0.000136854,0.01500931,0.001298751],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9514796,0.0008718513,0.0412043,0.0003144541,0.004148031,0.000778852,0.000247772,0.0004699295,0.0004852411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864522,0.000318584,0.006689825,0.0001768269,0.00514579,0.00007556334,0.0003107667,0.0003152139,0.0005151947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7100255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084638552","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2008.06.001","title":"Measurement of the acoustic velocity characteristics in a standing-wave tube using out of phase PIV","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Synchronizing; Waveform; Acoustics; Standing wave; Measure (data warehouse); Physics; SIGNAL (programming language); Particle velocity; Phase (matter); Group velocity; Phase velocity; Optics; Transmission (telecommunications); Computer science; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08421407397345018,"gpt":0.2445771261981452,"spread":0.160363052224695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008109193,0.0001887629,0.0003339393,0.0001661974,0.00009444143,0.00001284348,0.00008881359,0.00005892494,0.00002298272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008354958,0.0001616821,0.00008942897,0.0002893277,0.00007814439,0.0001744881,0.00002286439,0.0001171404,6.932924e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000398389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007853378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003034158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001402582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977905,0.00006667654,0.0006285919,0.0001617105,0.001148609,0.0002039689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999333,0.000007065836,0.0001640676,0.0001772284,0.0002702855,0.00004840125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000915525,0.0002557468,0.0432796,0.0004116583,0.0002439159,0.000002552203,0.002176327,0.003356321,0.9353371,0.000009860104,0.00008534078,0.01475002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006360233,0.0002237092,0.104751,0.001106185,0.000498254,0.000006414491,0.0006330814,0.6299186,0.2558059,0.00005008895,0.00009810399,0.0005484194],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920617,0.0002766607,0.006728188,0.00001592858,0.0004143497,0.0003078055,0.00001840764,0.00002286903,0.0001540775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993244,0.0001658929,0.0004190812,0.00000853504,0.00004450879,0.000009995164,0.000006640809,0.00001792185,0.000003026415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6795313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6593205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087472705","doi":"10.1143/jjap.41.3228","title":"The Motion of High-Intensity Aerial Ultrasonic Waves (20 kHz) Entering a Perforation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Sustainable Development Technology Canada","keywords":"Perforation; Sound pressure; Acoustics; Wavelength; Ultrasonic sensor; Sound power; Sound intensity; Intensity (physics); Acoustic wave; Optics; Physics; Materials science; Sound (geography); Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01309477799771271,"gpt":0.1797215147506688,"spread":0.1666267367529561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002104878,0.00009742576,0.0002094352,0.0000336668,0.00007700334,0.00003202787,0.0001150445,0.00002677559,0.00002033998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001056789,0.00006930612,0.0001125335,0.0001631002,0.00002831514,0.0001493255,0.00000832391,0.0001338477,0.000008632807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004259067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003325908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002882989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003287214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992128,0.00001015376,0.0003148646,0.00005519492,0.0002797493,0.0001272194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995403,0.0000321676,0.0001469307,0.0001127032,0.0001301961,0.00003769683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007790396,0.00005616629,0.0001408423,0.00002426681,0.0001637924,8.875908e-7,0.001893202,0.1730652,0.8152372,0.0003355469,0.0001182517,0.00888674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001768513,0.0001486407,0.003166223,0.00006412337,0.0002707015,0.00002397535,0.001898256,0.3798772,0.6103671,0.001890497,0.0002010446,0.0003237341],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968172,0.00002998626,0.002319854,0.00002993072,0.0002082974,0.00004787965,6.954303e-7,0.00001711905,0.0005289816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993001,0.00005666199,0.0001559121,0.000006337641,0.0004576438,8.912002e-7,0.000001510914,0.00001129977,0.000009656506],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.206812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2826222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009767520","doi":"10.3390/opt1010006","title":"Micro- and Macro-Scale Measurement of Flow Velocity in Porous Media: A Shadow Imaging Approach for 2D and 3D","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Shadowgraph; Particle image velocimetry; Velocimetry; Porous medium; Shadowgraphy; Particle tracking velocimetry; Optics; Flow (mathematics); Flow measurement; Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Porosity; Turbulence; Laser","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02100137691918706,"gpt":0.1911974106513474,"spread":0.1701960337321604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002352788,0.0001054742,0.0002089703,0.00004447657,0.00002079471,0.00002030776,0.00005485241,0.00003401737,0.000002601088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003884783,0.0001075363,0.000029224,0.0001075966,0.00002759575,0.00004888658,0.00002396491,0.00007552203,2.984173e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002743833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008889506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008065287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002675903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993519,0.000008193398,0.0001797696,0.0001418747,0.0001677446,0.0001504712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997786,0.00001452268,0.00002080818,0.00007015387,0.00005055625,0.00006541092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001921803,0.0003635528,0.1129613,0.006111786,0.0007996028,0.00002726962,0.01864293,0.1504809,0.5559145,0.0001359446,0.002347871,0.1520222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006668526,0.00001368658,0.001421383,0.00002691369,0.00007957524,0.000001294106,0.0002440359,0.9900511,0.007243902,0.00002358331,0.00008727988,0.0001404061],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8057421,0.006944681,0.1836388,0.0006145624,0.0001250851,0.0006365674,0.00007238155,0.0001343389,0.002091445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9013164,0.0000960594,0.09846982,0.00003182304,0.00004659891,0.00001010122,0.000009777573,0.00001721298,0.000002177005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8395702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4385203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993418151","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780133","title":"Axial mixing and gas holdup with reciprocating doughnut plates","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reciprocating motion; Mixing (physics); Dispersion (optics); Materials science; Stack (abstract data type); Mechanics; Axial compressor; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Optics; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006372546240767441,"gpt":0.1517236541898521,"spread":0.1453511079490847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000186284,0.0001238645,0.0001686931,0.00008978654,0.0000571803,0.00007515252,0.00014439,0.00004567787,0.00007749401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003341038,0.00008877393,0.00004554823,0.0001726589,0.00003398436,0.0001108157,0.000002748991,0.0003056447,0.000002699936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008620409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000547414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002168516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002049799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993383,0.000004582889,0.0002021571,0.00006041787,0.0001396135,0.0002549085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995539,0.00003796007,0.0000246582,0.00008140849,0.00003572784,0.0002663531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003485154,0.000006256242,0.001108557,0.0001492331,0.0005317879,0.0001494756,0.001871669,0.7239959,0.2229916,0.0001042815,0.0006160414,0.04844026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002427362,0.0001467748,0.0006991359,0.001853193,0.0005615095,0.001507415,0.0001474348,0.5600554,0.4170593,0.0003010185,0.01376664,0.00147475],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979563,0.001057623,0.000167793,0.0002230274,0.00005706495,0.00002952806,0.000001047339,0.00002523922,0.0004824014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988677,0.00001749569,0.0007942347,0.00001930242,0.0002538594,0.000001106979,7.350235e-7,0.00002544598,0.00002010595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1940677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3620096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404563713","doi":"10.1016/j.geoen.2024.213518","title":"Flow characteristics of gas and liquid in pipeline revealed by machine learning on distributed acoustic sensing data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoenergy Science and Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Natural Resources; China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China","keywords":"Pipeline (software); Flow (mathematics); Computer science; Petroleum engineering; Acoustics; Environmental science; Geology; Mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009924545253790546,"gpt":0.1949861898956207,"spread":0.1850616446418301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005828398,0.0001359965,0.000189723,0.0002551032,0.00004773954,0.00007701632,0.0001324058,0.00003446919,0.000003316434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002019957,0.0001297816,0.00001251451,0.0006875403,0.00005017449,0.0002330895,0.0000767421,0.0001748036,7.867516e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000395389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001698206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003494079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000162052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990363,0.000006625839,0.0002094792,0.0002594213,0.0002329896,0.0002551639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996607,0.0000471787,0.00001344401,0.0001726493,0.0000303524,0.00007567823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007775795,0.000006627464,0.0001895918,0.0002418176,0.0000199262,0.00002222246,0.00009825172,0.6613284,0.3129561,0.00001886434,0.0001194607,0.02499091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007897053,0.00002452654,0.0004132483,0.0002603009,0.00002046441,0.00000543482,0.00001368087,0.9953302,0.002330773,0.000001278669,0.0013874,0.0001337227],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9578425,0.002258551,0.03930245,0.00007147794,0.0002041559,0.00003852035,0.0000833631,0.0001601979,0.00003884164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986964,0.0007290037,0.0003763607,0.000006540394,0.0000471143,7.304909e-7,0.000109131,0.00001600788,0.00001870924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3340018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5292342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161263193","doi":"10.1109/ultsym.1992.275866","title":"Capacitance devices for the generation of airborne ultrasonic fields","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Transducer; Ultrasonic sensor; Lead zirconate titanate; Materials science; Capacitive sensing; Acoustics; Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers; Capacitance; Kapton; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Dielectric; Ferroelectricity; Composite material; Electrode; Engineering; Polyimide","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03694363434509161,"gpt":0.2146538389065414,"spread":0.1777102045614498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001025422,0.00003602919,0.00004895843,0.00001193703,0.00002467855,0.000006805891,0.00003767237,0.00001895231,0.00009307334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021984,0.00002344359,0.00003870335,0.00006442576,0.000005314366,0.0000336394,3.405913e-7,0.00001986141,0.000002141401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000598574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003340689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005665267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004103003,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997748,0.000004491278,0.00007458452,0.00003650852,0.00005162667,0.00005804075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999846,0.00003659434,0.000008528342,0.00007571292,0.00002568284,0.000007476605],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004823169,0.00004601685,0.004706699,0.0002423991,0.0006798442,2.275465e-7,0.0006813246,0.4116813,0.4838333,0.04358162,0.03097602,0.02356642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002484509,0.00002251156,0.001076922,0.00001019308,0.0001030076,3.606979e-7,0.0001858426,0.3109434,0.6730466,0.0001686761,0.01405495,0.0001390454],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.369196,0.003223296,0.6129665,0.0002185657,0.0003478922,0.0001985169,0.000003075294,0.00008339906,0.01376273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982616,0.00005273172,0.001323241,0.00003159368,0.0000391288,0.00001080942,0.00000132041,0.000004042561,0.0002754981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6290656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1019088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2319775169","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22486","title":"Application of ultrasound Doppler technique for in‐line rheological characterization and flow visualization of concentrated suspensions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Rheology; Visualization; Materials science; Characterization (materials science); Doppler ultrasound; Ultrasound; Biomedical engineering; Flow (mathematics); Doppler effect; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Engineering; Composite material; Radiology; Physics; Medicine; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01002221462794474,"gpt":0.2007967265370113,"spread":0.1907745119090666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002063633,0.00006161365,0.0001535768,0.0001034295,0.000009522901,0.000004607821,0.00006880653,0.0000585557,0.000008732396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001621275,0.00004086249,0.00003357373,0.0001604122,0.00003472857,0.00005644448,0.000002213844,0.00005146469,7.090318e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005785035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003395017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002859593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004891499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995007,0.000006649619,0.0002861235,0.00004089176,0.00006634418,0.00009927197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996133,0.00008250501,0.00006601174,0.00005267826,0.0001136107,0.00007185792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000512426,0.000002911011,0.001059298,0.00002518259,0.00001771986,2.715059e-7,0.00003665011,0.007001215,0.9909784,0.000407363,0.000005946162,0.0004599569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002803503,0.00001738367,0.001157006,0.0001276076,0.00002627665,0.00001128027,0.000002657973,0.08098812,0.9171978,0.00006848187,0.00006052363,0.00006246649],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5724947,0.00006567624,0.4272203,0.00006815809,0.00002522393,0.000108033,0.000009142255,0.000005570675,0.000003214968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993018,0.00001759759,0.0006157696,0.000003743576,0.0000338109,0.000006124479,0.00001044674,0.000009119976,0.0000016012],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.426807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1666324,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997278206","doi":"10.1088/1361-6501/ab6761","title":"Echo-Lagrangian particle tracking: an ultrasound-based method for extracting path-dependent flow quantities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Measurement Science and Technology","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulsatile flow; Reynolds number; Velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Particle tracking velocimetry; Acoustics; Amplitude; Particle displacement; Tracking (education); Ultrasound; Path length; Physics; Optics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06429141701328618,"gpt":0.2708775783936299,"spread":0.2065861613803437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002681502,0.0001848252,0.0002358031,0.0002293281,0.0003570035,0.0001568277,0.0003642919,0.00009484796,0.00001852415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009540673,0.0001746727,0.00005010278,0.001058341,0.0001910227,0.0004115508,0.00001985963,0.0001646706,0.000005935561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001287935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001001609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000094164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006947456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978158,0.00002527248,0.000266538,0.0004355422,0.0009618083,0.000494992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989652,0.00004112212,0.00004861655,0.0002383215,0.0005471603,0.0001595672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009999946,0.0000412833,0.003729216,0.00006064283,0.00002855265,0.000002549056,0.0002756349,0.002995585,0.955171,0.0005466665,0.00006819892,0.0370707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004965725,0.000177739,0.0003132696,0.00002369536,0.00006838889,0.000002854704,0.001315318,0.4607478,0.5353059,0.0003007548,0.0009893921,0.000258369],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3572453,0.0009817719,0.635375,0.003655536,0.0002804894,0.0006030511,0.00001257488,0.001418037,0.000428318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794406,0.00001514835,0.02027775,0.0001380899,0.00005269063,0.00005094689,0.000001677338,0.00002027144,0.000002795832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6221954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7122945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W5941359","doi":"10.1139/o66-003","title":"Simulation of the two-phase liquid-gas flow through ultrasonic transceivers application in ultrasonic tomography","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Biochemistry","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Transceiver; Acoustics; Electronic circuit; Flow (mathematics); Tomography; Electronic engineering; Flow measurement; Materials science; Engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Optics; Mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006335431463713201,"gpt":0.2146837248548781,"spread":0.2083482933911649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001706959,0.0001040439,0.0001495004,0.0001049618,0.00004015851,0.0000145164,0.0002446973,0.00009396044,0.00005948375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005597758,0.00009225552,0.0001866437,0.0004310326,0.0000708287,0.00008834021,8.795126e-7,0.0003317276,8.429095e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008174741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002231047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003757086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008260675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992778,0.00001049657,0.0003059657,0.00007985462,0.0001506259,0.0001752758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999451,0.00003282224,0.00009532685,0.0001870131,0.00009165412,0.0001421415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007790357,0.00001342266,0.002000953,0.00003420762,0.00004826175,0.000002424062,0.0002385053,0.2243939,0.7719923,0.000004130227,0.00004394139,0.001220131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001039853,0.00002784566,0.0004201031,0.0000965627,0.0000931126,0.00001029082,0.0001503902,0.04237822,0.9548832,0.00005396873,0.0006854351,0.0001610456],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972923,0.0004011369,0.001595163,0.0001016088,0.0001522547,0.00005656623,0.00002009686,0.000006180116,0.0003746305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996681,0.00001568042,0.0001731246,0.00001488427,0.0001029285,0.000001506113,0.000006220938,0.00001196058,0.000005578637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1828908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.460965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769062212","doi":"10.5539/mas.v11n12p77","title":"The Magic of Buoyancy and Hydrostatics –Buoyancy and Effective Forces","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Buoyancy; Magic bullet; MAGIC (telescope); Mechanics; Neutral buoyancy; Physics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006339823827461414,"gpt":0.2085002285515808,"spread":0.2021604047241193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003931869,0.0000817702,0.0001093488,0.00003811338,0.0005407364,0.0001753566,0.0002625896,0.00001699886,0.000001056633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003504523,0.00005719691,0.00001418786,0.000072419,0.0005994379,0.0001326484,0.00007510697,0.00005695015,0.000001771953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001215606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000877462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007987678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002145069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999347,0.000003580453,0.00009430432,0.0001515118,0.0002278872,0.0001756591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995635,0.00004332592,0.00004431929,0.0002737044,0.00002744013,0.00004776855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001111989,0.00001209969,0.007313925,0.0001025012,0.00003999717,0.000001000316,0.001980048,0.001968835,0.8050826,0.004220441,0.00003829385,0.1792291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002965028,0.00001877568,0.02921085,0.00002360517,0.00003334182,8.320604e-7,0.00008912224,0.9119487,0.04500166,0.01311871,0.0001012369,0.0001566134],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9595491,0.000617725,0.02648907,0.00004787726,0.00006491298,0.0001883969,0.000002281719,0.00003076783,0.01300993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993947,0.0001216539,0.0003955522,0.000005446367,0.00001238889,0.000009421336,1.497448e-7,0.000006201445,0.00005450263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9099799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4158962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W78020569","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-35428-1_10","title":"Towards Improving the Accuracy of Sensorless Freehand 3D Ultrasound by Learning","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Decorrelation; Speckle pattern; Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Position (finance); Motion (physics); Orientation (vector space); Plane (geometry); Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01306694221553716,"gpt":0.2096118982705086,"spread":0.1965449560549714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006660813,0.0003068485,0.0003468523,0.000215581,0.0001415407,0.0001361795,0.0007210317,0.0001617253,0.0000802126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001442929,0.0002256773,0.0001095591,0.0002143225,0.000309887,0.0001971916,0.0001324452,0.0006956838,0.00001268653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001122753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005257132,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003498911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003495639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998328,0.00001849665,0.0003112634,0.0003385816,0.0006138806,0.0003897204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988651,0.0004246006,0.0001330362,0.0004132072,0.00009898961,0.00006504389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001938722,0.000007081211,0.0003150523,0.0001126786,0.00004832934,0.00000257445,0.0007675928,0.2578009,0.04430976,0.00006170827,0.00003688131,0.6965355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003910065,0.0000879951,0.0003665237,0.0006056693,0.0002015475,0.00003229042,0.000002937602,0.9063257,0.08262009,0.002033822,0.005958721,0.001373707],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00388569,0.003894036,0.9890885,0.0000405733,0.0006295982,0.0001491049,0.000007070087,0.00008102501,0.002224433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900712,0.0001494009,0.009074457,0.00005756865,0.000410027,0.000002468923,0.000007539845,0.00003716508,0.0001901485],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9861856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9202853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096182765","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00845.x","title":"Shape Factors of Cylindrical Piezometers in Uniform Soil","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Piezometer; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Soil science; Materials science; Geometry; Mathematics; Groundwater","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04021362069617312,"gpt":0.1889555617498053,"spread":0.1487419410536322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008274023,0.00008675073,0.00013856,0.0001426554,0.000009973052,0.000006895502,0.00008833994,0.00004604707,0.0004236026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002149542,0.00005800504,0.00006464562,0.0001028358,0.00001722021,0.000102785,0.00001400135,0.00006823368,0.00004320165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002929773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001800122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001055292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009834144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994558,0.000006663278,0.0001668233,0.00007535592,0.0001096614,0.0001856788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998428,0.000004844932,0.000007649952,0.0001002448,0.00001145098,0.00003303736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008649037,0.0004886484,0.7010609,0.0004558538,0.0008880518,0.00006248104,0.03447754,0.006305079,0.2396965,0.0004108016,0.0004823643,0.01558525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002005568,0.0002310792,0.3417255,0.0001002643,0.0002234042,0.00000331285,0.001477401,0.09099138,0.5572467,0.001854657,0.002824126,0.001316608],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939933,0.00001687404,0.0002285355,0.000005924985,0.00009974235,0.00002641496,0.000001277944,0.00003710253,0.005590816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997227,0.000004543854,0.0001064794,0.000006528539,0.00001558979,0.000002060331,0.00001029539,0.00001222293,0.0001195367],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3593354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4638151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126415670","doi":"10.1007/s00348-005-0038-0","title":"A new experimental method for the determination of the effective orifice area based on the acoustical source term","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Montreal Clinical Research Institute; Université Laval; Montreal Heart Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Body orifice; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Particle image velocimetry; Acoustics; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02021215498152702,"gpt":0.2897689643994136,"spread":0.2695568094178866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003971837,0.0001553922,0.000145072,0.00005188815,0.0001049579,0.00002718611,0.0002977018,0.00005444925,0.0001168652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008191321,0.00008162356,0.0001378099,0.0001823338,0.00003506243,0.0000515796,0.00002706319,0.0001183809,0.000004047697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001964047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002061856,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001420347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005225287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990752,0.00009783445,0.000202053,0.0001519515,0.0002939379,0.0001790598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990796,0.0005174643,0.00002768175,0.0003264873,0.00002073476,0.00002806762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008512293,0.0001546702,0.0002310774,0.00001292133,0.00007475792,2.928736e-7,0.003193888,0.03408722,0.8988348,0.0001504518,0.001528063,0.06164674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000378176,0.00003342834,0.0002121515,0.00002428819,0.00002243494,1.769618e-7,0.0002470897,0.5101985,0.4881419,0.000005553751,0.0006758136,0.00006048158],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04742442,0.0005984598,0.9489583,0.0003035938,0.0003469752,0.001030385,0.00000435729,0.00005356511,0.001279918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893825,0.000001535586,0.009784078,0.000153653,0.0001456403,0.0002961034,0.000001559176,0.00002447374,0.0002104442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9419581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3328512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037131598","doi":"10.1115/1.4002717","title":"Contrapropagating Ultrasonic Flowmeter Using Clad Buffer Rods for High Temperature Measurements","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrasonic flow meter; Ultrasonic sensor; Flow measurement; Materials science; Rod; Calibration; Buffer (optical fiber); Volumetric flow rate; Transducer; Acoustics; Flow (mathematics); Temperature measurement; Mechanics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01565319041208859,"gpt":0.2125678147370177,"spread":0.1969146243249291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003231175,0.0003768307,0.0008294312,0.0002721853,0.0001862782,0.000235654,0.0002359102,0.0002113055,0.00001301991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002037358,0.0002996295,0.0002993713,0.0001648088,0.00004539829,0.0003199227,0.000007034632,0.0005080464,0.000001204537],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002226155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008819318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001714363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007593982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969805,0.0001103282,0.001054279,0.0002266282,0.001170171,0.0004580512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979431,0.00007069593,0.0003906706,0.0002311707,0.001166046,0.0001983262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007995863,0.00004010947,0.002546367,0.0002171489,0.00119389,0.000003740394,0.00005852838,0.003938822,0.9900574,0.00002593328,0.0001146073,0.001723491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03535031,0.00100858,0.008054658,0.002788868,0.006287248,0.0004549047,0.0008708144,0.8967543,0.04442295,0.0002590196,0.001234483,0.002513882],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9585041,0.004303698,0.03213922,0.0001240225,0.003992966,0.0008000699,0.000019844,0.00006590821,0.0000501194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981638,0.00004115805,0.0008926161,0.00003287829,0.0007515811,0.00002748376,0.000002594606,0.00006225413,0.00002567168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9456344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171002180","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2021.3088713","title":"Respiratory Bidirectional Ultrasonic TOF Flow Sensor Resilience to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Acoustics; Transducer; Linearity; Computer science; Flow measurement; SIGNAL (programming language); Electronic engineering; Real-time computing; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01472525959207189,"gpt":0.230164615421139,"spread":0.2154393558290671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003220984,0.0001883336,0.0002106205,0.0002424032,0.0003059837,0.0001772431,0.0001254977,0.00009374748,0.0007364618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001886657,0.0001839947,0.0001899716,0.0007622323,0.00002300486,0.0001574795,0.000008491729,0.0004993683,0.0002178502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001963568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001171775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001639864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003928093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983885,0.0001039502,0.0003490057,0.0002252198,0.0005854546,0.0003478716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990349,0.00005376539,0.00003618959,0.0002293291,0.0003750999,0.0002707195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004702006,0.00001773097,0.0002155735,0.000006374356,0.00007502678,0.00008033132,0.0001509431,0.3670365,0.6096669,0.000002966829,0.02208711,0.000655844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007275916,0.00007762212,0.01133371,0.0002047257,0.0001635747,0.000768167,0.0006201411,0.02604761,0.8877665,0.00004763364,0.07146424,0.0007784545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941362,0.0005579547,0.001449665,0.0004871709,0.00186602,0.00006608742,0.00001968118,0.0001300785,0.001287104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914194,0.0001546853,0.003885453,0.0004004536,0.001439112,0.000005455401,0.000005436832,0.00004411087,0.002645891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3409889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.806374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399663950","doi":"10.12928/telkomnika.v22i4.25847","title":"Multi objective hyperparameter tuning via random search on deep learning models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","keywords":"Hyperparameter; Random search; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Hyperparameter optimization; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01891612887932724,"gpt":0.2349294254175796,"spread":0.2160132965382523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009843935,0.0002744669,0.0003680184,0.000269319,0.000365832,0.0002607068,0.0003065908,0.00009820553,0.00001163134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003406481,0.0002684062,0.0001496178,0.0003784458,0.00004200189,0.0001728903,0.00006161301,0.001048259,0.00002516467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001991448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000319803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002839653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003382834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982883,0.0002404044,0.0003570424,0.0003387102,0.000256831,0.0005186675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988167,0.0005739402,0.00003935524,0.0003883679,0.00009579123,0.00008587105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004928186,0.00003881424,0.00006111455,0.00004117788,0.0004591323,0.000002253308,0.0007962158,0.7387106,0.01878356,0.0008491572,0.00003417326,0.2401745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00131449,0.00009622611,0.00006660271,0.00008236137,0.00008314077,0.000007287337,0.0000620966,0.9947426,0.000883388,0.0003129236,0.002060652,0.0002882431],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1349543,0.0345673,0.8272876,0.0003762222,0.0001201853,0.0003310252,0.000001389405,0.0009774657,0.001384569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949315,0.002039453,0.002626788,0.0001675191,0.0000634931,0.00001946625,0.00002325045,0.00006887436,0.00005965443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8599772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047688037","doi":"10.1115/ipc2004-0721","title":"A Simple Two-Phase Frictional Multiplier Calculation Method","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2004 International Pipeline Conference, Volumes 1, 2, and 3","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mass flux; Correlation; Homogeneous; Physics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01967940323518631,"gpt":0.2926100170570187,"spread":0.2729306138218324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001641498,0.0001815983,0.0001822666,0.0002051761,0.00008498522,0.00009529713,0.0001310629,0.00006746339,0.0005727104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004304469,0.0001798393,0.0000940821,0.0001480298,0.0000262286,0.0002349849,0.00002454643,0.0001416001,0.00006667103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009572061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004350343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001554692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001891754,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989192,0.00001659938,0.0003115042,0.0002324734,0.0003345595,0.0001856983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999481,0.00002169083,0.0000451901,0.0001119301,0.0002427544,0.00009746101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001646212,0.000746717,0.01493169,0.0001005385,0.001114472,0.00004018817,0.001097049,0.6708024,0.05149882,0.05316292,0.01936271,0.1869778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003068432,0.00002302249,0.001813876,0.00002916191,0.00005986675,0.000009098681,0.00005703971,0.9671875,0.001107203,0.004735279,0.02164122,0.0002682845],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1017781,0.000349336,0.887141,0.0003897483,0.0005889258,0.0001387175,0.00008944188,0.0002210771,0.009303688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915639,0.00009878995,0.006316276,0.00008430886,0.0004879285,0.00001696848,0.0002995148,0.00001938195,0.001112972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8897858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7333636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283580457","doi":"10.3390/separations9070160","title":"Accurate Flow Regime Classification and Void Fraction Measurement in Two-Phase Flowmeters Using Frequency-Domain Feature Extraction and Neural Networks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separations","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","keywords":"Mean squared error; Frequency domain; Two-phase flow; Perceptron; Artificial neural network; Time domain; Fast Fourier transform; Standard deviation; Computer science; Flow (mathematics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Physics; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05185398238631824,"gpt":0.3052602131434242,"spread":0.2534062307571059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004217765,0.0001388047,0.0001389125,0.0002112116,0.0003465885,0.00008346271,0.00004570324,0.0000405835,0.00002889171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001656051,0.0001593298,0.0000373529,0.0004186887,0.00001869017,0.0004322288,0.00001380167,0.0003120203,7.314832e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003401627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001791022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007633318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000763138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990149,0.0001164168,0.0002128713,0.0002149931,0.0002685353,0.0001723467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999679,0.00002046563,0.00005855503,0.0001414456,0.0000457407,0.00005476108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002237742,0.00004738575,0.001096319,0.00001127389,0.00005319954,0.000004539156,0.0002929037,0.8366669,0.158791,0.00007089564,0.0005650215,0.002378207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006350253,0.0000249561,0.002568943,0.000009136983,0.00006414326,0.00001260628,0.0005053472,0.995419,0.0001380833,0.0001379263,0.0003263299,0.0001585159],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8797291,0.001029673,0.1178306,0.0004643155,0.0003603198,0.0002937588,0.00001269005,0.0001049692,0.0001745455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968015,0.00004281382,0.002856728,0.00002964599,0.00009397702,0.00006722272,0.00007825774,0.00001807753,0.00001180018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1587521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6497281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986687085","doi":"10.2118/103087-ms","title":"Portable Multiphase Production Tester for High-Water-Cut Wells","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Separator (oil production); Metering mode; Petroleum engineering; Metre; Environmental science; Multiphase flow; Engineering; Marine engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01507389440498915,"gpt":0.218102994940415,"spread":0.2030291005354259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001536053,0.0001320436,0.0001567128,0.00007787595,0.00007500677,0.00005283639,0.00004624435,0.00009492817,0.00005786095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014473,0.0001074378,0.00004792167,0.00008462746,0.00003967421,0.0002989962,0.00001226585,0.00008672255,0.00002394024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000233637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000518514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007135533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000134606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992087,0.000007996998,0.0002149197,0.0002184838,0.0001224625,0.0002274698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996893,0.000009967542,0.00001900798,0.0001229368,0.000117852,0.00004095566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004744954,0.0001462468,0.0005662598,0.0001541401,0.00002830466,0.000004729106,0.00006291227,0.001530025,0.9620456,0.003457123,0.02641185,0.005545375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001139902,0.000272708,0.002491409,0.0001453579,0.0001669954,0.00001239502,0.0001228957,0.005420074,0.949459,0.02314208,0.01694389,0.0006833239],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9537621,0.0001148081,0.0408119,0.001298939,0.0002324469,0.0005519295,0.00007621657,0.0006278321,0.002523841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977562,0.00003277341,0.00110985,0.00002909123,0.0002686642,0.00004645366,0.0001959883,0.0000155336,0.0005454426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04399411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4381185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119266914","doi":"10.1109/tmi.2010.2041246","title":"Objective Selection of High-Frequency Power Doppler Wall Filter Cutoff Velocity for Regions of Interest Containing Multiple Small Vessels","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Robarts Clinical Trials; Western University","funders":"Adobe Systems","keywords":"Cutoff; Doppler effect; Selection (genetic algorithm); Cutoff frequency; Power (physics); Filter (signal processing); Acoustics; Physics; Computer science; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02562755338403936,"gpt":0.2419713213179173,"spread":0.2163437679338779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003194621,0.0001699014,0.0003019879,0.0002404423,0.00008980134,0.00001358644,0.000163669,0.0001146321,0.0003480032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009348438,0.0001649192,0.0001944311,0.0002662898,0.0001157219,0.0001449063,0.000001224603,0.0005360405,0.000003529959],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005486616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005468756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002773332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001512903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988723,0.00003180945,0.0004021182,0.0002090714,0.0002383974,0.0002462939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991497,0.0002647043,0.00007026835,0.0001788324,0.0002110347,0.0001254211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002504681,0.0007100864,0.002818797,0.0003924065,0.001139553,0.000009374895,0.00251628,0.01282792,0.9310287,0.0005424325,0.000785026,0.0469789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002731995,0.0001776855,0.001624997,0.0004179101,0.0003703656,0.0000230966,0.0004210974,0.3948355,0.5980005,0.0006188998,0.0002633285,0.0005146703],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.340696,0.00001345489,0.6581144,0.0002152455,0.0005722811,0.0001454584,0.00002120223,0.00009711645,0.0001248419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951758,0.00001251106,0.004581711,0.00005252226,0.00005686992,0.00005238881,0.000007131182,0.00003340544,0.00002768988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6544798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6725211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015581360","doi":"10.1115/1.4027642","title":"Evaluation of a Thermal-Tuft Probe for Turbulent Separating and Reattaching Flows","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"École Centrale de Lyon","keywords":"Tuft; Mechanics; Acoustics; Thermal; Turbulence; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Flow visualization; Flow measurement; Electrical resistance and conductance; Shaker; Vibration; Physics; Composite material; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02130822502410325,"gpt":0.2482683356314379,"spread":0.2269601106073347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002518498,0.000113282,0.0002452078,0.0001680825,0.00002454377,0.00002368474,0.00007256811,0.000040981,0.000006340094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002299927,0.0001000065,0.0001068719,0.00008911337,0.000004098114,0.0001631792,0.000006771364,0.0001073807,2.524243e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005913143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001522215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001073887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.535414e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989714,0.0000270389,0.0004062937,0.00006309356,0.0004015658,0.0001306003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994614,0.00006206889,0.00007713918,0.00008222337,0.0002663688,0.00005083504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002741884,0.000005306724,0.00009551263,0.0001113938,0.00008959719,2.516811e-7,0.0001581852,0.5468336,0.4410264,0.00002291017,0.00001854243,0.01163553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004583562,0.00005343318,0.0004613443,0.0002054554,0.0003040209,0.00001246572,0.00001894788,0.9720652,0.02609774,0.00002892131,0.0001963074,0.00009781232],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7264911,0.001558064,0.2714826,0.00002344915,0.0001460497,0.0001077582,6.006852e-7,0.00002449489,0.0001658958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986595,0.00002559845,0.01309424,0.000002953457,0.0002475463,0.000006285613,7.640994e-7,0.00002322097,0.000004396432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4252315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4078147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145753413","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20471","title":"Near wall effects in the plug flow of pulp suspensions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Spark plug; Plug flow; Pressure drop; Mechanics; Shear stress; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Pipe flow; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01333046372208946,"gpt":0.1614036963600303,"spread":0.1480732326379408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003734518,0.00009976259,0.0001848078,0.0001130015,0.00002509258,0.00001876272,0.0003516204,0.00004965935,0.00003718168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001250666,0.00006347558,0.0001088087,0.0002598307,0.00003579987,0.00005720128,0.000005009368,0.0003486176,0.000002947146],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007793884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007175306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006240289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001014486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993086,0.00001510687,0.0002503156,0.0000405276,0.0001602045,0.0002252344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995527,0.00007921059,0.00003204393,0.0001456701,0.00004229014,0.0001481256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002406311,0.00004277125,0.005023648,0.0003057524,0.0005985317,0.0004246644,0.01500777,0.7361523,0.2356064,0.001258733,0.002370205,0.003185197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001086185,0.00007984882,0.006409295,0.000724504,0.0003378808,0.0001764772,0.0001204175,0.7131124,0.2749745,0.0005638279,0.001880738,0.0005339388],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981866,0.0007018991,0.0003226307,0.0001417027,0.0001519822,0.00005795486,8.908673e-7,0.00000952765,0.0004267409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992416,0.000003596389,0.0006422798,0.00002885541,0.00006324316,0.000001357566,5.093636e-7,0.00001555666,0.000003027543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03936809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2588459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090671926","doi":"10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.08.007","title":"Survey of Formal Methods of Hip Joint Center Calculation in Human Studies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"APCBEE Procedia","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Center (category theory); Joint (building); Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Crystallography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09996350132227834,"gpt":0.3312826986349739,"spread":0.2313191973126956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006697819,0.00007650923,0.0002333274,0.0001247515,0.00001116554,0.000004029313,0.00005344577,0.00003364413,0.0000264893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001409315,0.00006737441,0.00004334391,0.0002128258,0.00001997854,0.0001552235,0.00002040468,0.00005293377,0.000003568138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002485787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000475744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000219665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002612098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993219,0.00004404923,0.0003192024,0.00007011728,0.0001153688,0.0001293625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996504,0.00004012814,0.00004855546,0.00008244909,0.0001598858,0.00001862097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006994934,0.00009063698,0.6647708,0.0009681993,0.0003645518,3.254298e-7,0.00245746,0.005043983,0.2980216,0.00009711731,0.001091809,0.0270865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003369073,0.00002220767,0.8949223,0.00006072495,0.00002264529,1.163688e-7,0.000103387,0.02433934,0.07989046,0.0001848113,0.0000104686,0.0001067001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960765,0.0006290635,0.002771095,0.000009330421,0.00005371475,0.0001157861,0.000002252914,0.00002268219,0.00031964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974911,0.00002641377,0.002404867,0.000003747631,0.00001449165,0.00001624448,0.00001122826,0.000009369285,0.00002255867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2301514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2747448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042581787","doi":"10.1121/1.1459464","title":"High power ultrasound standard","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Standards Association","funders":"","keywords":"Conical surface; Float (project management); Ultrasonic sensor; Reflector (photography); Power (physics); Acoustics; Computer science; Radiation; Optics; Marine engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009356520427238172,"gpt":0.1973189380944331,"spread":0.1879624176671949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000345443,0.0001008716,0.0002540085,0.00001171662,0.00008870258,0.00001363903,0.0003986358,0.00003826659,0.0006359211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009952117,0.00005057262,0.0004205709,0.0002473483,0.0002379585,0.00005610458,0.00002736771,0.0003199331,0.000009217865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005773426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007950909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005216945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.643755e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989093,0.00004786481,0.0003042073,0.00003792016,0.0005310055,0.0001697188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992697,0.0002322455,0.000131327,0.0002028302,0.0001087953,0.00005507825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005168247,0.0001146262,0.0003199764,0.00005289594,0.001479995,0.000001400341,0.001956256,0.2788546,0.1260136,0.000008398046,0.5805107,0.01063588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003398145,0.001408399,0.006345795,0.0004885258,0.005205008,0.0002235155,0.009368471,0.8589721,0.03330754,0.003076182,0.07698701,0.001219261],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2763558,0.004551761,0.7041237,0.0103121,0.001376675,0.000210347,0.00003936159,0.00009554585,0.002934679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990126,0.0009595234,0.008330358,0.0003367956,0.000129018,1.950129e-7,9.119719e-8,0.00001388319,0.0001041386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7137702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.696289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978066156","doi":"10.1143/jjap.49.07hf03","title":"Development of Robust Sensing System for Puncture Needle-Type Ultrasonography","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Acoustic impedance; Materials science; Acoustics; Ultrasonic sensor; Electrical impedance; Wavelength; System of measurement; Robustness (evolution); Biomedical engineering; Optics; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01549295955762541,"gpt":0.1939823762329329,"spread":0.1784894166753074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030865,0.00014826,0.0003277251,0.00009954731,0.00006496205,0.00002202647,0.0001278119,0.00005796067,0.000003229245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006844735,0.0001160853,0.0001661243,0.0003623297,0.00001953185,0.00008310098,0.000006571641,0.0002067306,0.000002002009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002574184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.949002e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000311857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990571,0.000003778522,0.0004310435,0.00007161315,0.0002703886,0.0001661131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993242,0.00004353134,0.0001800647,0.0001223005,0.000254216,0.00007565523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004660051,0.00002271717,0.00008186841,0.0001583028,0.0002309574,5.668159e-7,0.001996394,0.0891739,0.9029533,0.0001835781,0.00004253916,0.005109261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001108689,0.00003521272,0.0004619259,0.0001016554,0.0002567602,0.00001873467,0.00431897,0.02930689,0.9628993,0.0001454366,0.001005321,0.000341108],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827567,0.00001269227,0.01600403,0.000003540356,0.0003096228,0.00009478583,8.614486e-7,0.00003383084,0.000783985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9609796,0.000001235083,0.03867242,0.000005860444,0.0003120341,0.000001277461,0.000003177219,0.00002248116,0.000001901608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05994597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4733823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986341718","doi":"10.2118/166102-ms","title":"Performance of Multiphase Flowmeter and Continuous Water-Cut Monitoring Devices in North Slope, Alaska","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition","topic":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"BP (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Metering mode; Multiphase flow; Gas lift; Environmental science; Completion (oil and gas wells); Marine engineering; Oil production; Artificial lift; Petroleum; Engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01510334084055268,"gpt":0.2150908003406226,"spread":0.1999874595000699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009336388,0.0001167352,0.0001983561,0.0001007939,0.00002860301,0.00003384797,0.00005413037,0.00006819628,0.00003843385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009011654,0.00009142113,0.00002399557,0.0001050084,0.00004937798,0.0004131199,0.00003033675,0.0001180546,0.00001088249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001104196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003558964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006213602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001996019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993192,0.00001138686,0.0002309805,0.0001434509,0.0001129466,0.0001820332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997418,0.00001320175,0.00001855772,0.00008617979,0.00008675455,0.0000534907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003375465,0.00008247291,0.5694867,0.0003573053,0.00004057905,0.000006613802,0.0008065166,0.0004271901,0.3601041,0.00002220675,0.000141325,0.0684912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001366094,0.0004019161,0.6673108,0.0005299349,0.00007588626,0.000008583952,0.0008212538,0.03760868,0.2908718,0.0001105097,0.0002547115,0.0006397957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990394,0.00009600067,0.0001415794,0.00003757234,0.00002856453,0.0001242923,0.00000563229,0.00006165932,0.0004653571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991814,0.0003424994,0.0003728208,0.000007878295,0.00003419767,0.00002026514,0.00001327508,0.000008160826,0.00001948342],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09782416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3728046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}