{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1112,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1112,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"81f432d2cd81","filters":{"topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis"}},"results":[{"id":"W2006233420","doi":"10.1038/nature10855","title":"Preservation of organic matter in sediments promoted by iron","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1465,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Total organic carbon; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Carbon sink; Environmental science; Geology; Oceanography; Materials science; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003960166261410156,"gpt":0.1955969477534298,"spread":0.1916367814920196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008993904,0.00004117315,0.00005363153,0.0000170688,0.00001428267,0.000003842929,0.00006730526,0.000183236,0.008650008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007495179,0.00003253541,0.00001340001,0.0001608476,0.000007562583,0.0001719938,0.000004834579,0.0002418106,0.00008667492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000216076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003139614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001899099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001566773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996149,0.00001384701,0.00007860285,0.00006299841,0.0001161389,0.0001135299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998618,0.000007252636,0.0000325216,0.0000604627,0.000008886567,0.00002911972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005999023,0.00002289547,0.9847383,0.0000178679,0.000004546722,1.342629e-7,0.00006702447,0.000008218476,0.009218955,2.406297e-7,0.005552584,0.0003632478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001207571,0.00001074509,0.9643423,0.000006952287,0.000008405374,6.78155e-7,0.00004062988,0.0001451138,0.03298646,0.00004053102,0.002247348,0.00005007858],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966137,0.0005440891,9.56091e-7,0.0003557872,0.00004124445,0.00003971413,0.00002831024,0.000003347699,0.002372782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984648,0.000003750043,0.0000465697,0.0002236255,0.00002416398,2.305446e-7,0.0004535389,7.361198e-7,0.0007825405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02376751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9922562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041762395","doi":"10.1038/nature06811","title":"Tracing the stepwise oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1080,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA Astrobiology Institute; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Authigenic; Geology; Proterozoic; Weathering; Sedimentary rock; Precambrian; Biogeochemical cycle; Banded iron formation; Geologic record; Paleontology; Earth science; myr; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006586412418277817,"gpt":0.1837467240030939,"spread":0.1771603115848161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000977904,0.00004295561,0.00004535514,0.000008764822,0.0002004764,0.000006037899,0.0001776139,0.0001181056,0.0004232769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002188575,0.00001940381,0.0000545357,0.0001916605,0.00004702881,0.00004778406,0.000005892166,0.0004057432,0.000008194883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000129543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001222122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001245673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000226549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995667,0.00002511918,0.00007433761,0.00007126503,0.0001874676,0.00007506902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997768,0.00001903131,0.00004948291,0.0001180755,0.00002131546,0.00001523172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002977115,0.00002842992,0.9735376,0.00004464667,0.00005847939,0.00000518812,0.001443816,0.003445862,0.001789283,0.00002007399,0.006612881,0.01298398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000105965,0.00001556453,0.9687553,0.00001234814,0.00002129265,0.00002278788,0.0002722019,0.001791337,0.02589825,0.0002747692,0.002768656,0.00006153813],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951476,0.0004079062,0.000001827804,0.001265115,0.00006402357,0.00007724079,0.00001825557,0.000005307978,0.003012681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989914,0.000008114327,0.00002190457,0.0002779216,0.00004864746,1.828037e-7,0.00002073042,5.676537e-7,0.0006305078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02410896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4634585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998680662","doi":"10.1126/science.1140325","title":"A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1008,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Rhenium; Geology; Geochemistry; Archean; Pyrite; Sedimentary rock; Sulfide; Molybdenum; Osmium; Early Earth; Earth science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Inorganic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006862989068447968,"gpt":0.218144849733067,"spread":0.211281860664619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009893522,0.00004069196,0.00004556379,0.00003623544,0.000215371,0.00002060964,0.0003193611,0.0000120426,0.001154581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003645344,0.00002365843,0.00002929886,0.0006911713,0.0003056618,0.0001717277,0.00001309832,0.00003394855,0.00005484044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003014419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002578603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004712528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002570644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992509,0.000006454828,0.0001130011,0.0001259356,0.0003222989,0.0001813729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997,0.00001695597,0.00005280856,0.0001377055,0.00003902959,0.00005356719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009012778,0.000008997413,0.8984551,0.000007460887,0.00000582439,0.000001702627,0.0004485109,0.0006718342,0.0148771,0.00005568199,0.0000659551,0.0853928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003658071,0.00003096296,0.9611776,0.000004154086,0.00000718919,0.000004115024,0.0004390288,0.001287716,0.03525784,0.0008629977,0.000857125,0.00003466718],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926888,0.00005452144,0.0001608881,0.0002879351,0.00005968182,0.00003555619,0.000005767954,0.000005638231,0.006701166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993963,0.000002369102,0.0001308489,0.00006296591,0.00002879004,1.075114e-7,0.00001170053,3.034582e-7,0.0003666368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08535814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994930702","doi":"10.1007/s10498-005-4471-8","title":"Rare Earth Element and Yttrium Variability in South East Queensland Waterways","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aquatic Geochemistry","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":671,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Yttrium; Estuary; Rare-earth element; Rare earth; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Alluvium; Sediment; Environmental science; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Mineralogy; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006205818945389622,"gpt":0.17144637481886,"spread":0.1652405558734704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005268315,0.0001947089,0.0002290901,0.00003141212,0.0001020798,0.00005967484,0.0001385457,0.00009125491,0.003456746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005208209,0.0001686931,0.00005690922,0.0001845174,0.00008720186,0.00007968149,0.00002569288,0.00015111,0.00007863363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006644448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003292789,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003656034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002132761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985293,0.00005672063,0.0003615083,0.0004132444,0.0002449965,0.0003942598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999458,0.00007308084,0.00008320792,0.0002543763,0.00001851157,0.0001128921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001874018,0.0000401932,0.995517,0.00008720406,0.00001278138,0.00001893162,0.0001706831,0.0003125826,0.002521731,0.000003102949,0.0001193991,0.001177642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001682945,0.00006220914,0.8751376,0.00008057716,0.0001157581,0.00004144652,0.001652627,0.0341212,0.07862836,0.006510903,0.001144098,0.0008223124],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985921,0.0001455604,0.00006255319,0.0002191283,0.00002763236,0.00009469394,0.00009706939,0.00002399765,0.01340842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980171,0.000004694805,0.0003434509,0.00004478996,0.00009223838,0.000003107336,0.0007270933,0.000002636127,0.0007649082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1203794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073562922","doi":"10.1038/nature12426","title":"Atmospheric oxygenation three billion years ago","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":641,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Billion years; Oxygenation; Astrobiology; Environmental science; Astronomy; Physics; Medicine; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003755212980384957,"gpt":0.1775249878185611,"spread":0.1737697748381762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004899647,0.00005751326,0.00005580961,0.000006275779,0.0000556624,0.00003803914,0.0001043573,0.0002640571,0.0157878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001151002,0.00004403151,0.00004048033,0.0002355815,0.00001417839,0.0001451197,0.000004982802,0.0003580067,0.001253533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002511369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006426928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00107182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009123345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995134,0.000007716993,0.00006767775,0.0001253775,0.0001611738,0.0001246329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997929,0.00001175508,0.00002816687,0.00009020167,0.00002614939,0.00005087833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006793361,0.0000161435,0.7111551,0.00001306474,0.00003800187,0.000006453231,0.00005820547,0.001177727,0.001182079,0.00002350357,0.02191976,0.2644032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007069582,0.00001572352,0.9799033,0.000003107627,0.000009110497,0.000002637453,0.00004929462,0.008116204,0.0003287201,0.001594738,0.009825132,0.00008129013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903684,0.0006454599,0.00001554743,0.000677913,0.0001196664,0.00005805522,0.000009265148,0.00002593819,0.008079739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977784,0.00001830783,0.0006532031,0.0004571642,0.00009016065,7.884937e-7,0.0001881158,0.000001097074,0.0008127773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2687483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045036940","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2122","title":"Evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis half a billion years before the Great Oxidation Event","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":607,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Photosynthesis; Atmosphere (unit); Water column; Geology; Anoxygenic photosynthesis; Oxygen; Geochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Earth science; Chemistry; Oceanography; Phototroph","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01603402890249677,"gpt":0.2447245618616446,"spread":0.2286905329591478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009193376,0.0001099655,0.000104692,0.00004627879,0.0003677889,0.00008621225,0.000506012,0.0001029924,0.0005849959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005291109,0.00006737505,0.0001114894,0.0004977736,0.0001180686,0.00026093,0.00001854731,0.0001669064,0.00006793406],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008392515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002647976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007467172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00283683,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987683,0.00004952267,0.0001496019,0.0003523317,0.0003888197,0.0002914366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999266,0.0002377266,0.0000916002,0.0002736665,0.00005204171,0.00007899779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001193869,0.00004370662,0.4964046,0.00008990549,0.00004495421,0.000003328986,0.0005592536,0.002244885,0.009648439,0.0004041872,0.001558289,0.4888791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001838953,0.0002112483,0.9043379,0.00009579022,0.00008991477,0.00001753997,0.0002103359,0.05846279,0.008251337,0.003849157,0.02403439,0.0002557339],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948946,0.0004835249,0.00153618,0.002370451,0.000246978,0.0002084759,0.00002506361,0.00002463492,0.0002101332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980347,0.00003407096,0.0006933531,0.0005450399,0.0001436887,0.000006854376,0.00004468673,0.00000172402,0.0004958771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4886234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6405295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969023317","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.020","title":"Trace element content of sedimentary pyrite as a new proxy for deep-time ocean–atmosphere evolution","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":529,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Yukon University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Trace element; Diagenesis; Sedimentary rock; Pyrite; Precambrian; Seawater; Proterozoic; Geochemistry; Phanerozoic; Archean; Atmosphere (unit); Deep sea; Earth science; Mineralogy; Paleontology; Oceanography; Cenozoic; Structural basin; Tectonics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006536666851042005,"gpt":0.1727311368406115,"spread":0.1661944699895695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005730921,0.0001800969,0.0002269883,0.00004190093,0.000288261,0.00005966768,0.0002653441,0.00003820673,0.001461084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004695841,0.0001512118,0.00007054878,0.0002711003,0.0003018178,0.0003909201,0.00001436663,0.00008951109,0.00007077072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004947485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007008754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004377039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003194704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983385,0.00003433706,0.0002922133,0.0004293828,0.0004356985,0.0004698941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991782,0.0000967282,0.0001308623,0.0001790664,0.00002716063,0.0003879411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000288283,0.00003975858,0.901709,0.0001087353,0.00008539238,0.000007187286,0.0003644946,0.0186405,0.0325252,0.00003297922,0.005940697,0.04025773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001749188,0.001184784,0.7064364,0.00007319678,0.0001654576,0.00007103595,0.0005461445,0.2562759,0.01205176,0.0005002902,0.02029154,0.0006543435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943324,0.0004237318,0.0006387127,0.003497418,0.0001185549,0.0003106709,0.00009927458,0.0000223743,0.0005568915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928114,0.00001412644,0.003533847,0.002640066,0.0001321834,7.663076e-7,0.0004355866,0.000002380402,0.0004296895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2376354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062900030","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1208622110","title":"Proterozoic ocean redox and biogeochemical stasis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":524,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Alberta","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Proterozoic; Biogeochemical cycle; Seafloor spreading; Geology; Ocean chemistry; Anoxic waters; Sedimentary rock; Early Earth; Precambrian; Earth science; Pyrite; Geologic record; Paleontology; Oceanography; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Seawater","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01943649809197761,"gpt":0.2352662494819212,"spread":0.2158297513899436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004400674,0.00006426166,0.00009512062,0.00005576743,0.0001521463,0.000031796,0.0003774196,0.00004283042,0.0004324419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001241926,0.00003842643,0.00004231643,0.0004395311,0.0006420078,0.0003624712,0.00003915487,0.00007822242,0.000005155911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002293092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007982609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000135213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.700539e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989313,0.000003003959,0.0001922006,0.000171291,0.0005780804,0.0001241177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996437,0.00004112713,0.0001710639,0.000004617247,0.00009464643,0.00004484523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006935393,0.0000201745,0.8475229,0.00007795392,0.00002250121,3.213231e-9,0.00009020817,0.00003405238,0.1461687,0.0005458666,0.002335019,0.003175747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009022048,0.00003653916,0.4906159,0.00003726898,0.00001429074,0.000008409433,0.0003054423,0.002387396,0.4342714,0.0719963,0.0001483649,0.00008846043],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911852,0.00009354547,4.198772e-8,0.00300474,0.000003974204,0.0001015875,0.00003220225,0.000004909349,0.005573734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990733,0.00001648775,0.0006573607,0.0001455945,0.00002893209,9.640481e-7,8.042576e-7,5.050584e-7,0.00007602009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3569069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4734936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046892047","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.027","title":"Quantifying chemical weathering intensity and trace element release from two contrasting basalt profiles, Deccan Traps, India","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":519,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Trinity College Dublin; Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Geological Society of London","keywords":"Weathering; Basalt; Geology; Trace element; Earth science; Geochemistry; Deccan Traps; Paleontology; Tectonics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0145813037839798,"gpt":0.2115168758517189,"spread":0.1969355720677391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001387657,0.0002101389,0.0003455534,0.00002771562,0.0001029995,0.00004371026,0.0001886501,0.0001340321,0.004966313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001206473,0.0001847848,0.00007381114,0.0001190877,0.0002167371,0.0001156686,0.00005282058,0.000315251,0.0001114198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009542545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001937853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006078943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002212475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998493,0.00003480083,0.0003410864,0.0004870317,0.0001435911,0.0005005161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992157,0.0001906585,0.0001009838,0.0001631973,0.00004569097,0.000283831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000529924,0.00002460217,0.694617,0.00002480072,0.00007182925,0.00001679644,0.000151651,0.00001577474,0.271354,0.000007687923,0.0001803841,0.03348252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001758523,0.00007740924,0.3212817,0.0000660341,0.0001615321,0.0001006388,0.001395606,0.03773659,0.6337239,0.001896261,0.001006442,0.00079538],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980674,0.0005381454,0.0000556272,0.0005012378,0.00005868805,0.0001388568,0.00003241729,0.00004840942,0.0005592005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972259,0.00002603013,0.001823583,0.0002936997,0.0001766609,0.000005599086,0.0004114899,0.000004614184,0.00003235406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3733353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158909637","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.031","title":"Lithium isotopic composition and concentration of the upper continental crust","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":518,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Canadian Mounted Police","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Continental crust; Crust; Geochemistry; Weathering; Lithology; Sedimentary rock; Isotope fractionation; Loess; Chemical composition; Mantle (geology); Mineralogy; Fractionation; Geomorphology; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006736530548778683,"gpt":0.1978949956805759,"spread":0.1911584651317972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117685,0.0001372445,0.0001720465,0.00002182674,0.0001819036,0.00004521996,0.0001900158,0.00006263531,0.0005087383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001800088,0.00009877387,0.00009529199,0.0001498209,0.0001884192,0.000158447,0.00003266668,0.0001550836,0.00001284215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006899736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004966829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007136311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000352078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990466,0.00005790835,0.0002500188,0.0002253125,0.000210698,0.0002095088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999517,0.00004165619,0.0001353109,0.0001956554,0.00003485402,0.00007548268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001946089,0.0002468174,0.5356626,0.0001121583,0.0001705307,0.000004026323,0.001175382,0.0008244473,0.456756,0.001877386,0.001255013,0.001721057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001002084,0.0000765601,0.8385872,0.00007584422,0.00009853669,0.00006299365,0.0002665063,0.0005268562,0.1553199,0.002940822,0.000809169,0.0002334564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881455,0.00006724567,0.00001347079,0.006109099,0.0001125034,0.0001638151,0.0001391098,0.00001888425,0.005230353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985219,0.00005059088,0.0002684823,0.0007589654,0.00004030343,0.000001265352,0.0002751181,0.000002479083,0.00008086035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3029246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5570328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053767451","doi":"10.1038/nature07858","title":"Oceanic nickel depletion and a methanogen famine before the Great Oxidation Event","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":505,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Precambrian; Nickel; Methane; Ultramafic rock; Geology; Atmospheric methane; Geochemistry; Early Earth; Archean; Weathering; Environmental chemistry; Earth science; Chemistry; Oceanography; Greenhouse gas","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004575409207034065,"gpt":0.2097286879151128,"spread":0.2051532787080787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001344572,0.00006869357,0.00006262797,0.00001728958,0.0001278158,0.00002629887,0.0000860505,0.0001815131,0.0005633351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001889907,0.00004027837,0.00003683073,0.0001465045,0.00001700197,0.00007884634,0.000004270919,0.0003149703,0.00002193816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002592513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004841427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006692687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005344755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995196,0.00002119781,0.00007503511,0.0001305659,0.0001457961,0.0001078144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998038,0.00001268096,0.00003390177,0.00009447762,0.0000172159,0.00003790627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007416429,0.00003891604,0.5460356,0.00003044346,0.0001085918,0.00001409838,0.0005128982,0.0002935134,0.007117422,0.0001993078,0.007010082,0.438565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001414495,0.00009112664,0.9857744,0.00000756735,0.00005862867,0.00002193925,0.0001450504,0.002419215,0.003263689,0.002193849,0.005806479,0.00007663325],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935064,0.001571483,0.0000184979,0.003647625,0.00003797841,0.00006021042,0.00002007803,0.00001307667,0.001124659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978866,0.00004364454,0.00008517742,0.000954686,0.00008165123,2.188777e-7,0.0003713135,6.450977e-7,0.0005760869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4397388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6168125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2330293686","doi":"10.2113/gselements.8.5.355","title":"Hydrothermal Mobilisation of the Rare Earth Elements - a Tale of \"Ceria\" and \"Yttria\"","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Elements","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":484,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rare earth; Hydrothermal circulation; Rare-earth element; Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Hydrothermal synthesis; Materials science; Geology; Astrobiology; Geochemistry; Metallurgy; Physics; Cubic zirconia; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01001325746066068,"gpt":0.2024471257344738,"spread":0.1924338682738131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003125082,0.00007747798,0.0001162096,0.00002249831,0.00007500718,0.000006371074,0.0001196,0.00002523853,0.004146696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001809944,0.0000535548,0.00005090186,0.0001131737,0.00006357193,0.0001543488,0.0000250513,0.00003898165,0.00001040515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001774507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000933645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005770667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003045599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991486,0.00005073156,0.0002810868,0.00009592225,0.0002372794,0.0001864011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995871,0.00001879073,0.0001791901,0.0001431692,0.0000177025,0.00005402779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001649187,0.00003702712,0.9886252,0.00002839221,0.00004602759,9.479384e-8,0.0002528235,0.00003513578,0.004621126,0.000006686216,0.00006852151,0.006262459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004621775,0.00005417355,0.920187,0.00001743317,0.00005233279,0.000001867992,0.0004054219,0.0005561837,0.07613409,0.00007250282,0.001975319,0.00008150509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967934,0.000248558,0.000003890234,0.00002731878,0.00006981237,0.0001403379,0.0001613475,0.000003715809,0.002551564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992709,0.00001232286,0.0002019858,0.0000312531,0.00004047083,0.000001543297,0.0001028625,0.000001542555,0.0003370854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07151296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081666363","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2005.11.007","title":"The behaviour of the rare earth elements during estuarine mixing—revisited","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Chemistry","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":371,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Estuary; Rare-earth element; Salinity; Geology; Oceanography; Remineralisation; Endmember; Biogeochemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Mixing (physics); Seawater; Rare earth; Mineralogy; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003168791267228775,"gpt":0.166433484939051,"spread":0.1632646936718222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001326256,0.0001333107,0.0001269681,0.000007122302,0.0003507241,0.00004241877,0.0003948479,0.00004139937,0.003850153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002284499,0.00007915268,0.0001235878,0.0002348935,0.00009042654,0.00004046167,0.0001112428,0.0001401546,0.00001494345],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004431322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001382447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002899543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001037617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989569,0.00001592676,0.0003078702,0.0001910498,0.00026984,0.0002584171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993827,0.00002993956,0.0001553896,0.0003531237,0.00003375394,0.00004512901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001370048,0.00001963799,0.9853514,0.00004959829,0.00002220448,0.000004085882,0.000004575701,0.0001130814,0.0127914,0.000001034876,0.0002345239,0.001394684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001960552,0.000003978695,0.7839316,0.00001096383,0.00003511715,0.00001121307,0.00005473053,0.000168737,0.2139997,0.00008237622,0.001418174,0.00008735745],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755882,0.0000965091,4.1034e-7,0.000173373,0.00003189681,0.00005812428,0.00004324633,0.00001549866,0.02399273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828026,0.00001489381,0.00004254995,0.00001411277,0.0001079735,0.000001443919,0.0002823425,0.000002708136,0.01673135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2014199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094485738","doi":"10.1038/nature10511","title":"Aerobic bacterial pyrite oxidation and acid rock drainage during the Great Oxidation Event","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":359,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Lakehead University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pyrite; Authigenic; Geology; Weathering; Sedimentary rock; Precambrian; Geochemistry; Anoxic waters; Geologic record; Environmental chemistry; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005792773115119313,"gpt":0.1815200287621209,"spread":0.1757272556470016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001069696,0.00008106898,0.00006437624,0.00002169372,0.0002109023,0.00004075614,0.0001009266,0.0001909441,0.003913145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000141976,0.00005324033,0.00003324718,0.0001086946,0.00001693671,0.0001892232,0.00001279564,0.000305712,0.00004918982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003316357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004911064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001750689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006512513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994813,0.00002742013,0.00009152607,0.0001531691,0.0001200494,0.0001265861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997743,0.00000936924,0.00004924676,0.0001075617,0.00001743803,0.00004202032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005243621,0.00006144264,0.4186991,0.0001757877,0.0002096573,0.00003560397,0.002659216,0.0002287389,0.5424767,0.0001165181,0.001281426,0.03353152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002302645,0.00002982574,0.869557,0.00001088869,0.00004018876,0.00001853471,0.0001771138,0.0003379442,0.1272789,0.0003783491,0.001821347,0.0001196743],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972407,0.0002675348,0.00001088998,0.0002100177,0.0001175359,0.00006430703,0.00001414347,0.00001617721,0.002058749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988869,0.00002460913,0.00006935302,0.00009500098,0.000131525,8.198606e-7,0.0002934329,0.00000132913,0.0004970108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4508579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143905584","doi":"10.1126/science.1161925","title":"Neodymium-142 Evidence for Hadean Mafic Crust","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":355,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Hadean; Mafic; Isochron; Neodymium; Geochemistry; Geology; Granulite; Crust; Felsic; Physics; Geomorphology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09480272723457192,"gpt":0.2801433707760871,"spread":0.1853406435415152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004817395,0.00008822016,0.00009567013,0.00006028026,0.0007694881,0.00005066052,0.0005344794,0.00001844626,0.001815169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001992123,0.00007090121,0.00006323449,0.0006983486,0.0006183711,0.0005291258,0.00001897147,0.00005699846,0.0002973629],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000648172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000135874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004433556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002471147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998708,0.000009585105,0.0001405469,0.0003618398,0.0003872199,0.000392828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994035,0.00009704258,0.0000488652,0.0002139123,0.00006550614,0.0001712162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007080988,0.00003889774,0.9163068,0.00005186359,0.00001406412,0.00004132528,0.000558072,0.003403809,0.01872925,0.00006364949,0.003769235,0.05695223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002452242,0.000184218,0.9278176,0.00004308228,0.00002582531,0.000123157,0.0003929491,0.02355431,0.03564385,0.0009537484,0.01063117,0.0003848952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933131,0.0006802443,0.0002630405,0.0005723527,0.000201256,0.0001111133,0.00003152293,0.00003449657,0.004792869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964356,0.00007320782,0.001537471,0.0002495295,0.00008468424,0.000001753539,0.0000139519,9.820595e-7,0.00160286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05656733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088244679","doi":"10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00367.x","title":"Research Priorities for Conservation of Metallophyte Biodiversity and their Potential for Restoration and Site Remediation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Restoration Ecology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":346,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Threatened species; Revegetation; Phytoremediation; Environmental planning; Biodiversity; Restoration ecology; Environmental resource management; Resource (disambiguation); Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; Native plant; Business; Environmental science; Environmental protection; Land reclamation; Ecology; Introduced species; Biology; Computer science; Hazardous waste; Habitat; Soil water","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03040814135822718,"gpt":0.2526330728358652,"spread":0.222224931477638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005448684,0.00005062418,0.0001010002,0.00008640749,0.0002759478,0.00002210896,0.00003093313,0.00006934348,0.00002124816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001080664,0.00004646534,0.00002216265,0.0001024168,0.0001175012,0.0002242476,0.00000678454,0.00003718745,0.00000185621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001098362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000574757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005769087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009024465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994809,0.00005175824,0.0001427459,0.0001409281,0.00007612109,0.0001075288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999473,0.0001566124,0.00008810485,0.00005093747,0.0001994885,0.00003186932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001275216,0.00007624683,0.9041801,0.0004904966,0.0001384656,0.000001530914,0.002642047,0.01006003,0.07020421,0.001731217,0.001757518,0.007442935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001579562,0.0009587094,0.9512796,0.000008896049,0.00006338802,0.000004711329,0.0014546,0.01318892,0.01454585,0.01471098,0.002058673,0.0001460825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956177,0.0001267687,0.001766366,0.001931523,0.00007323555,0.0002893342,0.0001693875,0.000006670035,0.000018999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978313,0.00007126445,0.001237389,0.00005501212,0.00005069742,0.000005971999,0.0007151549,7.451213e-7,0.00003249155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05565836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5035864,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966412956","doi":"10.1021/es061040r","title":"Mechanisms of Gold Bioaccumulation by Filamentous Cyanobacteria from Gold(III)−Chloride Complex","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":312,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Western University","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Colloidal gold; Cyanobacteria; Chemistry; Bioaccumulation; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Chloride; Sulfide; Aqueous solution; Metal; Inorganic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Absorption spectroscopy; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005546375162640099,"gpt":0.1787032068962029,"spread":0.1731568317335628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001566646,0.0001624271,0.0001986218,0.0001711063,0.0001599527,0.00003206981,0.0005536765,0.0001061871,0.005436375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005565399,0.0001493566,0.00005261771,0.0006538376,0.00100987,0.0002476042,0.0000806387,0.00009243034,0.0001626575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004037138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001167294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000385556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984261,0.00001248341,0.0003106744,0.0004653722,0.0003939631,0.0003913582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994445,0.00001828868,0.000176478,0.000285351,0.00000497128,0.00007044155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001262238,0.00005117657,0.06417063,0.000001236392,0.000007260906,0.000002390133,0.0000117163,0.0003601141,0.9308122,0.00007835992,0.0001562543,0.004336027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002646862,0.00009603598,0.2080938,0.000004425043,0.00002232775,0.000005522681,0.0003831021,0.00237931,0.7802681,0.006832439,0.001452978,0.0001972508],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968114,0.00006583935,0.000442161,0.0002062012,0.00007477075,0.0001039213,0.0004374968,0.0000534786,0.001804684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975161,0.00001488717,0.001194154,0.0000512361,0.00001796931,0.00000200648,0.0008815423,0.000002637327,0.0003194536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1505441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076179867","doi":"10.1007/s00126-014-0554-z","title":"Hydrothermal transport and deposition of the rare earth elements by fluorine-bearing aqueous liquids","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mineralium Deposita","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":301,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrothermal circulation; Chloride; Fluoride; Rare-earth element; Geology; Deposition (geology); Solubility; Geochemistry; Aqueous solution; Rare earth; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Inorganic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003972706155760928,"gpt":0.1673036447685352,"spread":0.1633309386127743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001133183,0.0001166671,0.0001363252,0.00001891291,0.0001413883,0.00001987129,0.0001503275,0.0000442327,0.0002834667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004189816,0.00008323997,0.00006711044,0.0001162435,0.00005349737,0.00009370824,0.00001228996,0.00007256732,0.000006105389],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001716859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005334182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01357087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007490019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991564,0.00004454954,0.0002264766,0.0001851875,0.000195742,0.0001916751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.00001576452,0.00006966604,0.0001595433,0.00001513186,0.00007119103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002284848,0.00001564344,0.9083211,0.00003350324,0.00003316037,0.00000160993,0.00005952976,0.0002012432,0.08830697,0.000005511474,0.0001098802,0.002889006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004406149,0.0001398893,0.8574551,0.00003621124,0.0001129426,0.00003784664,0.00004119092,0.008890603,0.132288,0.00003109708,0.0003255944,0.000200918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959623,0.0002717374,0.00008118208,0.0001921354,0.00004925723,0.00007825394,0.00004888696,0.00001336225,0.003302835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986399,0.0000110405,0.0002805503,0.0001176345,0.0000480111,0.000001306952,0.0001692647,0.000003117026,0.000729209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05086604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9929978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046007293","doi":"10.1126/science.1241396","title":"Abundant Porewater Mn(III) Is a Major Component of the Sedimentary Redox System","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":298,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Redox; Anoxic waters; Dissolution; Manganese; Environmental chemistry; Abiotic component; Dissolved organic carbon; Sediment; Chemistry; Sedimentary rock; Mineral redox buffer; Inorganic chemistry; Geology; Oxygen; Geochemistry; Geomorphology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004505641555405908,"gpt":0.169886590274764,"spread":0.1653809487193581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003184972,0.00008109846,0.0001063462,0.00003453079,0.000313404,0.00005659744,0.0005887168,0.0000174402,0.004268872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003906003,0.00004492431,0.00006500108,0.0004549104,0.0004716135,0.0002271612,0.0000550784,0.00005792269,0.0002801261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009673397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004401066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009304456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000170739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987866,0.00001956547,0.0001941847,0.0002310003,0.000503634,0.0002650342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994707,0.0000133086,0.00008710501,0.0002788043,0.00004882387,0.0001012683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002400209,0.00007173199,0.7934073,0.0001869403,0.00006640967,0.000008876459,0.002030715,0.0005594195,0.1893366,0.00003965471,0.008409427,0.005858866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002449689,0.0000513249,0.5361803,0.0000572982,0.0000402107,0.00003718935,0.002231417,0.01204226,0.446652,0.0002438128,0.002022427,0.0001968592],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942752,0.00004493958,0.000004692349,0.0012011,0.0001924238,0.0001474033,0.00004673422,0.00001142147,0.004076106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987423,0.000001198043,0.0001451861,0.0004718156,0.00002404704,0.000001677748,0.00001267801,7.547699e-7,0.0006003815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2573154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3085497393","doi":"10.5194/bg-18-1269-2021","title":"Reviews and syntheses: The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the modern ocean","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":288,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; University of Victoria","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Silicic acid; Biogenic silica; Environmental science; Pelagic zone; Benthic zone; Carbon cycle; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Diatom; Ecology; Geology; Biology; Ecosystem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02082126384896091,"gpt":0.2250514957809765,"spread":0.2042302319320156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007524567,0.00007028598,0.0001244857,0.00001978798,0.0001300253,0.00005015367,0.0003187602,0.00002443635,0.0003919278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001928267,0.00003250482,0.00005321741,0.0005058699,0.0003413818,0.0000826238,0.00002174653,0.00005827491,0.000007902735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.955028e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002280187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002546306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001789819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991503,0.0001104317,0.0001875866,0.000196417,0.00019869,0.0001565989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995036,0.0002158141,0.0000598609,0.0001744411,0.00001445725,0.00003184359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004414495,0.00003269478,0.9598872,0.00002687114,0.000005603255,0.00000564213,0.0007827596,0.00002428093,0.003213808,0.00004088996,0.0002535712,0.03572229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003520479,0.0001920373,0.7684886,0.0002871334,0.0001538251,0.0002021428,0.01736494,0.03503241,0.08850822,0.05214671,0.03657313,0.0006988237],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884745,0.005693602,0.000001525646,0.001660248,0.00003040394,0.00006397338,0.000057187,0.000002993684,0.004015549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988258,0.0007630996,0.00004595855,0.00029292,0.0000218953,6.460802e-7,0.00002095776,3.957704e-7,0.00002835182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1913986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4291335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092802537","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.026","title":"Decoupling photochemical Fe(II) oxidation from shallow-water BIF deposition","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":286,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Banded iron formation; Ferrous; Precambrian; Abiogenic petroleum origin; Hydrous ferric oxides; Hydrothermal vent; Anoxic waters; Seawater; Geology; Ferric; Chemistry; Hydrothermal circulation; Environmental chemistry; Photochemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Geochemistry; Methane; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005685765641630897,"gpt":0.1799973457750241,"spread":0.1743115801333932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005564464,0.0001572222,0.0001322274,0.0001173261,0.0006373954,0.0001254339,0.0002176825,0.00005606311,0.002036738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001181936,0.0001207887,0.00003933482,0.0002527649,0.0002715387,0.0005251825,0.00002334603,0.0001530697,0.0001549377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003832894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001228439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003682655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002264744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998352,0.00001244823,0.0002278927,0.000451179,0.0004171172,0.0005393591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994527,0.00006560334,0.00004667404,0.0001490928,0.00001468883,0.000271275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004461302,0.000006982033,0.4365597,0.000004908455,0.00001095547,0.00003238566,0.0001545871,0.0006638279,0.5561914,3.850483e-7,0.00006881356,0.006261469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002174111,0.00005157035,0.6492059,0.00001487177,0.00002795647,0.00003857979,0.0001114959,0.01156829,0.3377865,0.0000576884,0.000658081,0.000261725],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977478,0.0001083752,0.0004144889,0.0007182655,0.0001457578,0.00008827119,0.00004606717,0.00003972467,0.0006912911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937193,0.00001372715,0.00223139,0.001924296,0.0001689136,3.258377e-7,0.001907347,0.000001708134,0.00003295558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2184049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076100780","doi":"10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.037002298.x","title":"REDUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF ORGANICALLY BOUND IRON BY <i>THALASSIOSIRA OCEANICA</i> (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Phycology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":279,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Siderophore; Chelation; Reductase; Redox; Biology; Seawater; Nuclear chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Chemistry; Enzyme; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004713246008006343,"gpt":0.1872617725649159,"spread":0.1825485265569095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002500314,0.00007990029,0.000245427,0.00004017283,0.0000616839,0.000007889232,0.0001148617,0.0000816291,0.00381423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001592731,0.00006305059,0.00007887156,0.0001491469,0.0001197412,0.0001236052,0.000004314578,0.0001468928,0.000004484162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004640274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003878069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001095694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001018085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991516,0.00003798467,0.000400548,0.0001036297,0.0001630192,0.0001431985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994319,0.00003554445,0.0002943354,0.00006499948,0.00006646553,0.0001067331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004209182,0.0001697543,0.6852257,0.00004624088,0.0001466921,0.00008860155,0.0002128837,0.0002570712,0.2917466,0.000006620175,0.003103801,0.01857516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002858145,0.004200745,0.8623757,0.00006096908,0.0007426481,0.00587129,0.001143665,0.0002730304,0.05530577,0.001905654,0.06477337,0.0004889619],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967748,0.0006263882,0.00002578476,0.0006029975,0.0001275888,0.00002523196,0.00001482318,0.000002703255,0.001799712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988582,0.0005893539,0.0001608528,0.00007431881,0.00009954785,4.304661e-8,0.0000171119,0.000001573401,0.0001990479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2364409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168628209","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01041.x","title":"Rare earth element geochemistry of scleractinian coral skeleton during meteoric diagenesis: a sequence through neomorphism of aragonite to calcite","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sedimentology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":277,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Aragonite; Diagenesis; Geology; Calcite; Rare-earth element; Geochemistry; Carbonate; Mineralogy; Rare earth; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02920493379995579,"gpt":0.2419979309561047,"spread":0.2127929971561489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001221337,0.000191452,0.0003930122,0.00007419964,0.0001438778,0.000005461681,0.0002530986,0.00008691549,0.002981838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000300912,0.0001816891,0.0001251528,0.000416785,0.0001646759,0.0001209497,0.00003828899,0.0001172629,0.00005455696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009570537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006175628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003354835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003415397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983798,0.0000586707,0.000475361,0.0003620545,0.0003031469,0.000420971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991787,0.00006078296,0.0002489182,0.0002887806,0.00007420722,0.0001486049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002049135,0.00009313675,0.6253895,0.0001460687,0.0001806989,0.0001732852,0.001073363,0.001507573,0.3698239,0.000006135868,0.0001589188,0.001242544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005030127,0.000178884,0.2068593,0.00002813801,0.0000693382,0.000117436,0.0002926901,0.0001834892,0.7908367,0.000054517,0.0006670378,0.0002094453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975605,0.0003854276,0.00003720115,0.0002174031,0.0001097758,0.0001302182,0.0002192238,0.00001837525,0.001321875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975451,0.00009634245,0.001483969,0.000132995,0.00006048979,0.000004536117,0.0002757655,0.000003673952,0.0003971542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4210128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995185530","doi":"10.1007/bf02901743","title":"Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu, China","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chinese Science Bulletin","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":265,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Nutrient; Geology; Shear stress; Waves and shallow water; Environmental science; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003834870850998683,"gpt":0.1972889835187614,"spread":0.1934541126677627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00185552,0.0001086431,0.0001851792,0.00005433676,0.0002235614,0.00002592322,0.000455283,0.00002816816,0.0006172019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002403562,0.00005131743,0.00005814702,0.0007221039,0.001583084,0.00006042888,0.00005693363,0.0001307653,0.00001070179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006615179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005721923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001326788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003785612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998677,0.00006019109,0.000274757,0.0002375751,0.0005154025,0.000235034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994215,0.00009875359,0.0001307976,0.0002451302,0.00004310369,0.00006065539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000802179,0.0005677749,0.9468061,0.0001236858,0.0000348478,0.00004446858,0.01450407,0.01151201,0.002233232,0.0209328,0.0003508924,0.002087993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005917802,0.00029455,0.9427417,0.000151988,0.00005178476,0.00004843168,0.01192939,0.01996794,0.003986728,0.01306903,0.001501929,0.0003387255],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899038,0.00023603,0.00002192438,0.007478303,0.00003874188,0.0001609943,0.00005506074,0.000003804661,0.002101321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995377,0.00004951346,0.0001337202,0.0001728142,0.00001753942,0.000001331157,0.00004375893,9.756609e-7,0.00004263216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009633895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6757928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031076000","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.008","title":"Heavy metals in coastal water systems. A case study from the northwestern Gulf of Thailand","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":265,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Estuary; Heavy metals; Vanadium; Environmental science; Particulates; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Coastal zone; Nickel; Oceanography; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00992233344835278,"gpt":0.1938951294026389,"spread":0.1839727959542861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001831158,0.0001135815,0.0002121808,0.000004619508,0.00007157905,0.00004285424,0.0001470153,0.00003405555,0.001843328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002332928,0.00006008907,0.00005758905,0.0001127243,0.00004402171,0.0000744042,0.0000204358,0.000074307,0.00004721958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002231846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009154707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4496257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5171531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99912,0.00005013269,0.000278379,0.0001940727,0.000172078,0.000185336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996211,0.00005725035,0.00005490309,0.0002140139,0.00001934218,0.00003337368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002129262,0.00007877909,0.994583,0.00001315828,0.00004352194,0.0004520759,0.0005697139,0.00352229,0.0001544401,1.015577e-7,0.0001621652,0.000399447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002327855,0.0002083911,0.8819978,0.00005874803,0.0003339054,0.000483653,0.0830513,0.005478253,0.02375739,0.0001625789,0.001596987,0.000543143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977558,0.0004261893,0.000004152931,0.00004765612,0.00004734416,0.0001550578,0.000214347,0.000007580132,0.001341829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999016,0.000001930808,0.00001496623,0.00001723038,0.00006423906,0.000002301804,0.0002903517,0.000001953177,0.0005910484],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1125852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039561509","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.009","title":"Adsorption of rare earth elements onto bacterial cell walls and its implication for REE sorption onto natural microbial mats","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":264,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Adsorption; Sorption; Chemistry; Bacteria; Environmental chemistry; Bacterial cell structure; Microbial mat; Mineralogy; Biology; Cyanobacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007411382833501197,"gpt":0.2042978494281651,"spread":0.1968864665946639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001010729,0.0001114545,0.0001750212,0.00002687989,0.000043496,0.00001095573,0.0001094732,0.0001205478,0.001535441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002095646,0.0001029255,0.00006343166,0.00005465817,0.00004521618,0.0001222323,0.00001985429,0.00007160101,0.00004091957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006934827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001291876,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001426465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005301434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991325,0.00001868837,0.0002797946,0.0002572018,0.00007735123,0.0002344378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996135,0.0000374729,0.0001287988,0.00009466374,0.00005616223,0.00006945682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002076751,0.00002934677,0.009895399,0.00005035693,0.00001572396,1.047875e-7,0.00004249482,0.00001509994,0.985628,0.000008075518,0.0003056147,0.003802113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008739773,0.00007617497,0.02510671,0.000006896361,0.00004229057,0.000009216722,0.00002581474,0.002429014,0.9680278,0.0001667073,0.003097409,0.0001379405],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988589,0.0002058496,0.00001554874,0.0002765493,0.00008304582,0.0001697961,0.000100048,0.00001271121,0.0002775777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963297,0.00003109726,0.0007928589,0.00007342733,0.000238894,0.000004386151,0.002144279,0.000002197029,0.0003831409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01760015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055506725","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.020","title":"Rare earth elements (REEs): Effects on germination and growth of selected crop and native plant species","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":261,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Germination; Raphanus; Panicum virgatum; Agronomy; Weed; Biomass (ecology); Panicum; Solanum; Biology; Phytotoxicity; Phytoremediation; Canola; Crotalaria; Cinnamomum camphora; Native plant; Arundo donax; Horticulture; Botany; Soil water; Bioenergy; Introduced species","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004721664841639489,"gpt":0.1712100576612699,"spread":0.1664883928196304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000498165,0.00010308,0.0001359141,0.00001082637,0.00007872164,0.00002930783,0.00005405745,0.00003977007,0.002351973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000375041,0.00008098281,0.00001760081,0.0001559342,0.00005590709,0.0001169782,0.00001077315,0.00006181146,0.00002240937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002128815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007955276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003367139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000228782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994037,0.00002042012,0.0001233557,0.0001735733,0.0001422476,0.0001367584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996697,0.00007186306,0.00007020785,0.00006006523,0.00006166331,0.00006650899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004074616,0.00002525472,0.9681957,0.0002371461,0.00005977847,0.000005210246,0.0002415916,0.000006929869,0.01015833,0.00001853206,0.001086391,0.01992443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002754544,0.0001318231,0.7306708,0.00003446866,0.00001724983,0.000003336153,0.0001358909,0.0009259841,0.2674389,0.0002048186,0.00007269956,0.00008854399],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941105,0.0001887546,0.000002060277,0.00009324466,0.0000172257,0.0001260688,0.00004787758,0.00001035767,0.00540394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986152,0.00004523617,0.0002120992,0.00005383689,0.00002551615,0.000001911198,0.0002023006,0.000001627085,0.0008422559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2572806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103820702","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00055.x","title":"The potential significance of microbial Fe(III) reduction during deposition of Precambrian banded iron formations","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geobiology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":247,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Banded iron formation; Precambrian; Diagenesis; Photic zone; Geology; Sedimentary depositional environment; Archean; Environmental chemistry; Phytoplankton; Ferrous; Deposition (geology); Deep sea; Early Earth; Water column; Chemistry; Geochemistry; Nutrient; Oceanography; Paleontology; Sediment","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003769213436703773,"gpt":0.1761188830280979,"spread":0.1723496695913941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001047323,0.0000482704,0.00008244324,0.00001678293,0.0001705205,0.000005796703,0.00008448267,0.00004313641,0.0003176253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004791108,0.00003545909,0.00005021836,0.00007456855,0.00009746834,0.00007615456,0.000006571695,0.00004345207,0.00001199856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003478075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001169556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008695184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00179337,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994896,0.00004063159,0.0002132673,0.00008590208,0.0000435646,0.0001270403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997303,0.00001438664,0.0001248292,0.0000852268,0.00002602397,0.00001923623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001941968,0.00002166793,0.006612078,0.00002799819,0.0000362016,2.670859e-7,0.0001528419,0.01174255,0.9653064,0.0000100433,0.0001014359,0.0157943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005059192,0.0001103949,0.2146363,0.00001154753,0.00006392593,0.00007131939,0.0005733675,0.002744107,0.7807508,0.0001220049,0.0003012661,0.0001091036],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988295,0.00008229107,0.00007993873,0.0002633097,0.00009074625,0.00008563215,0.00004481473,0.000005843325,0.0005178621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992928,0.00003525444,0.0001563632,0.000005913831,0.00009592794,0.000001320653,0.0002357686,5.858643e-7,0.0001760993],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2080242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3477775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2548586674","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013","title":"Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth-Science Reviews","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":224,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Waterloo; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Trace element; Precambrian; Earth science; Sedimentary rock; Geology; Geologic record; Biosphere; Trace fossil; Paleontology; Geochemistry; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01995070452993594,"gpt":0.231940611803349,"spread":0.211989907273413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001058287,0.00007956405,0.0001442616,0.00002126279,0.0001751791,0.0000129742,0.0001750172,0.00002523845,0.007167186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001618273,0.00003398332,0.00005986483,0.0002890995,0.0005503755,0.0001457822,0.00006037934,0.00004256689,0.0001694966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001122271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001549526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001030796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004259342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990649,0.00005596032,0.0002653228,0.0002362995,0.0001815134,0.0001959798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995733,0.00004852625,0.0001253314,0.0001556217,0.00002398619,0.00007317805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001334603,0.000009920929,0.2744325,0.00001062187,0.000003946631,3.46349e-7,0.00002394592,0.000001185057,0.409793,0.00002241273,0.0001006048,0.3155883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003081321,0.0002389457,0.6748341,0.0001026137,0.00003808457,0.00005719463,0.0001248467,0.0003433587,0.2542709,0.001135918,0.06831608,0.0002298398],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945756,0.001614305,0.000442173,0.000353204,0.00005994429,0.0001274094,0.00001321845,0.00000499349,0.0028092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974028,0.001338299,0.0006869893,0.00002621715,0.00002944772,0.00000148892,0.000008440388,4.82928e-7,0.0005058032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4004016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006491332","doi":"10.1126/science.1136328","title":"Was There Really an Archean Phosphate Crisis?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ferrihydrite; Phosphate; Archean; Coprecipitation; Seawater; Sorption; Particle (ecology); Ferric; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Arsenate; Hydrous ferric oxides; Inorganic chemistry; Geology; Adsorption; Arsenic; Geochemistry; Oceanography; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01261713645331482,"gpt":0.243180713214191,"spread":0.2305635767608762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001505212,0.00008069733,0.00007447541,0.00005559129,0.0003939092,0.00009377944,0.0005124718,0.00002242965,0.002627999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002395962,0.00006128945,0.00003261252,0.0006719155,0.000297796,0.0004404061,0.00001686997,0.00007906236,0.000257488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005189097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005825674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001668366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003430214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986562,0.00001149461,0.0001360069,0.0003204896,0.0004247768,0.0004510299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993798,0.00002091582,0.00004149011,0.0002363677,0.00004326645,0.0002781275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005436983,0.00006186526,0.7386438,0.00001399515,0.00001136785,0.00006626603,0.001059578,0.0006942758,0.01403306,0.0001663107,0.0003750231,0.2448201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001016018,0.0001046857,0.9343588,0.000005460734,0.000009979111,0.00001355679,0.002637209,0.001867612,0.05462519,0.002830798,0.003249255,0.0001958292],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9661073,0.0001463605,0.000118646,0.0002993432,0.00009850718,0.00003335588,0.000009007648,0.00003143314,0.03315601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983142,0.00001471035,0.0008717394,0.0003472535,0.00005893612,1.177906e-7,0.00002089666,9.274202e-7,0.0003712358],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2446242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080079409","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.061","title":"Lithium isotopes in large rivers reveal the cannibalistic nature of modern continental weathering and erosion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre de Géomatique du Québec; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris","keywords":"Weathering; Geology; Sediment; Erosion; Sedimentary rock; Geochemistry; Igneous rock; Amazon rainforest; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Mineralogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00366005434116713,"gpt":0.1722770957245915,"spread":0.1686170413834244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000551453,0.0001014588,0.0001316524,0.00006150275,0.0002260635,0.00004936404,0.0001808405,0.00003887672,0.0001094512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002699049,0.00006811157,0.00001935664,0.0002048346,0.0003754716,0.0002017878,0.00002120472,0.0001908383,0.000003752103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001190925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001002542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002751983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003411371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990582,0.00004246002,0.0001376318,0.0002488239,0.0002312293,0.000281606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996585,0.00007767679,0.00005331294,0.000110164,0.000007414369,0.00009297701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002136268,0.000003694031,0.9850372,0.00001822465,0.000003869687,0.000005271377,0.0003378581,0.001070941,0.009122184,0.000006818495,0.0000712445,0.004301347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002056847,0.00003770004,0.9694007,0.0000241903,0.00000972148,0.00001818668,0.0001397859,0.02867904,0.0006743585,0.00007690828,0.0006359759,0.00009772374],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974853,0.0004434218,0.0000229066,0.001346159,0.00006839866,0.00006819006,0.00008148931,0.000005791782,0.0004782842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984316,0.00003294959,0.0001666122,0.001214499,0.00003431514,2.161825e-7,0.00007459594,8.89498e-7,0.0000443748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0276081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4160193,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045082996","doi":"10.1016/s0883-2927(99)00096-7","title":"Rapid development of negative Ce anomalies in surface waters and contrasting REE patterns in groundwaters associated with Zn–Pb massive sulphide deposits","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Groundwater; Carbonate; Geochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Surface water; Precipitation; Lithology; Carbonate minerals; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Dolomite; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006692338607653374,"gpt":0.1668050313636412,"spread":0.1601126927559878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002034951,0.0002111169,0.0003130284,0.00003096816,0.00008669726,0.00002905099,0.0001306481,0.00009091537,0.0006712593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001150374,0.0001780012,0.000023699,0.0002281883,0.0001012782,0.0000802233,0.00001546573,0.0001527844,0.000004172631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000226425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004159394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009565037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003771531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986786,0.0000233015,0.0003700898,0.0003480079,0.0002068903,0.0003730998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995332,0.0001316517,0.0001251846,0.0001064943,0.00002064523,0.00008284173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455216,0.00004271163,0.9710529,0.00006493012,0.0000903347,0.00002931016,0.001454421,0.001325892,0.01181574,2.40649e-7,0.000003289359,0.01397467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008880845,0.00001660138,0.6909355,0.0001033938,0.00001986115,0.000002977158,0.002319736,0.0003256855,0.3051332,0.0000302887,0.000004353664,0.0002203643],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966238,0.00005516003,0.000008292069,0.00005030922,0.000004901003,0.0001129615,0.00004715605,0.00001339979,0.003084037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987971,0.00001880137,0.0006009787,0.00003200379,0.000005466734,0.000004498027,0.0004330256,0.000003838913,0.0001043231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2933174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7349818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592193615","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.112.3.483","title":"Sedimentary and Igneous Phosphate Deposits: Formation and Exploration: An Invited Paper","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Acadia University","funders":"","keywords":"Carbonatite; Igneous rock; Geology; Geochemistry; Fluorapatite; Sedimentary rock; Carbonate; Mineralogy; Apatite; Mantle (geology); Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01175880186831849,"gpt":0.1975456542630691,"spread":0.1857868523947507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008264733,0.00006546031,0.00009098749,0.00001701903,0.0003442266,0.00007473362,0.00007837154,0.00003933398,0.001247344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003547475,0.00006158318,0.00001075418,0.000005458913,0.00008851109,0.0009872083,0.00001954864,0.00003397176,0.00006257577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002516312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003875306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003243106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01204658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995842,0.00001638106,0.0001151055,0.0001529842,0.0000175321,0.0001138134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996976,0.00001285051,0.00008046361,0.0001351892,0.00000434527,0.00006959011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003467208,0.000006357892,0.958565,0.0000104313,0.00003038501,0.000007366635,0.0002787159,0.0005701308,0.0001544818,0.00002952488,0.0003642023,0.03994873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006101598,0.0001624893,0.9598814,0.000003696111,0.00003772845,0.0001162693,0.0006121619,0.02829476,0.001674855,0.005075898,0.003338275,0.0001922692],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954629,0.0002498016,0.00001229442,0.0028336,0.0000850166,0.00004338609,0.0000125425,0.000008990757,0.001291465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985303,0.000149835,0.0001429855,0.0007809621,0.00005716574,0.000001183112,0.0002650607,8.872848e-7,0.00007162691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03975646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119546410","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.006","title":"The nitrogen budget of Earth","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth-Science Reviews","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":212,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Earth (classical element); Astrobiology; Nitrogen; Environmental science; Geology; Earth science; Chemistry; Biology; Physics; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03206391072955309,"gpt":0.2504293157151191,"spread":0.218365404985566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002740353,0.0001062517,0.0002178077,0.00003647537,0.0003169244,0.00007397211,0.0005958956,0.00002119914,0.0006988301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003146481,0.00005862229,0.0001112294,0.0008453996,0.0005262608,0.000241929,0.00003182063,0.00008546785,0.0008786566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001688225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001381069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002939852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008008662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984983,0.00008408522,0.0003483059,0.0002281177,0.0004956667,0.0003455052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999085,0.00004959072,0.0001671664,0.0003693323,0.00008826028,0.0002406584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004299882,0.0000639686,0.2849551,0.00009699493,0.00004038982,0.00000979142,0.0007836562,0.0005725952,0.03891106,0.0004288279,0.005342722,0.6687518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001537191,0.000129053,0.01251335,0.00003569047,0.00003200237,0.00002063733,0.0003737929,0.0007406474,0.07470733,0.0013135,0.909783,0.00019727],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7395909,0.08081052,0.0007431429,0.001747695,0.0009215305,0.0009463159,0.00007944182,0.00006669403,0.1750937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864531,0.004718824,0.005881307,0.0002549172,0.0001464547,0.00000369526,0.00002935758,0.000002580329,0.002509735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9044403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087811149","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.11.013","title":"Trace elements record depositional history of an Early Archean stromatolitic carbonate platform","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":196,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Archean; Geochemistry; Facies; Sedimentary depositional environment; Sedimentary rock; Hydrothermal circulation; Trace element; Rare-earth element; Carbonate; Stromatolite; Banded iron formation; Petrography; Craton; Paleontology; Mineralogy; Rare earth; Tectonics; Structural basin","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01227854808618937,"gpt":0.2003484620923275,"spread":0.1880699140061381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007172156,0.0001055299,0.0001895302,0.00003515277,0.00002507869,0.000003592058,0.0001823105,0.00008780535,0.003384744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001340111,0.0001000224,0.00007082168,0.00005959175,0.0001317531,0.00009561482,0.000007206691,0.0001282059,0.00002894937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002111724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003392865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009373382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001353291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990426,0.0000185879,0.0002756126,0.0002199972,0.000149951,0.0002932445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995707,0.00003437158,0.00008351378,0.000131882,0.00002508255,0.0001544758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000461943,0.0004126367,0.7908196,0.00007485047,0.0001568066,0.0001037098,0.0004636887,0.0002109987,0.1404263,0.0004756294,0.0008058063,0.06558802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001878995,0.001340964,0.8109813,0.00003224016,0.000185207,0.0002091211,0.0002532318,0.01807701,0.1253004,0.03783429,0.003070332,0.000836925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833695,0.0001563203,0.000005270707,0.0001152012,0.00006020219,0.00003660144,0.00002102258,0.00001832149,0.0162175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978664,0.000004008356,0.001051035,0.0001657483,0.00005102518,6.123079e-7,0.0004131715,0.000001311369,0.0004467072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0647511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560180892","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2016.11.043","title":"Soluble Mn(III)–L complexes are abundant in oxygenated waters and stabilized by humic ligands","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Delaware; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Chemistry; Manganese; Redox; Environmental chemistry; Metal; Biomineralization; Colloid; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00888367171546385,"gpt":0.2031966912094988,"spread":0.1943130194940349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004133553,0.0003577028,0.0005021731,0.0001374844,0.0002221625,0.000116409,0.0003983138,0.0001341127,0.002113189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005522198,0.000245679,0.0001124954,0.0003071141,0.0002595018,0.0003350748,0.00008107488,0.0002248143,0.00008021861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001978427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004376828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001324535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003320964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976488,0.000102609,0.0005026282,0.0006848727,0.0003170396,0.0007440443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989215,0.0002107989,0.000188444,0.0003607198,0.0000420869,0.0002764084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005178908,0.0001898222,0.223087,0.00007259277,0.0001544809,0.00002129243,0.000517791,0.00002369123,0.7517803,0.00001934006,0.02080765,0.002808214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00974733,0.0004707521,0.3901849,0.0004908193,0.0002262348,0.0001087791,0.001882689,0.00236789,0.5558715,0.008584798,0.02756976,0.002494477],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909816,0.0001790782,0.000007245765,0.006895729,0.0001006009,0.0002044493,0.0006314229,0.00008193044,0.0009179823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972164,0.0005025874,0.0001150877,0.0006117153,0.00002798936,0.000005964998,0.0007470488,0.0000103994,0.000762788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1959087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214941914","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105006","title":"Assessment of scientific gaps related to the effective environmental management of deep-seabed mining","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Policy","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Sight Research UK; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Natural Environment Research Council; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts","keywords":"Harm; Obligation; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; Environmental resource management; Seabed; Environmental planning; Business; Task (project management); Deep sea; Convention; Computer science; Environmental science; Political science; Oceanography; Law; Engineering; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003976511336084936,"gpt":0.219640475045961,"spread":0.2156639637098761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004563426,0.00008082181,0.0001227775,0.0001037479,0.0002831437,0.00001457755,0.0002737785,0.0000100566,0.007552403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004831901,0.00006290495,0.00007319943,0.0006050697,0.00007739787,0.00002982925,0.0002517329,0.00007436361,0.00001771514],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002393591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001438777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001709675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001701359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989717,0.00008195155,0.000206561,0.000195853,0.0003610541,0.0001828838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995779,0.00003757167,0.00009708582,0.0002276695,0.000005322082,0.00005443933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002848107,0.0001006847,0.8554932,0.00004891228,0.0002101437,0.000007569487,0.0004935462,0.02756796,0.00152355,0.0001856202,0.0001796102,0.1141607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002050574,0.0001245241,0.9894151,0.000003685884,0.00005176283,0.000004078322,0.00155153,0.005415526,0.001084704,0.0002491803,0.001819801,0.00007506077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.971702,0.00003442706,0.000005422591,0.0003606116,0.0000634132,0.0002050492,0.0001044568,0.000005675873,0.02751896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969823,0.000003792051,0.000340378,0.00005313096,0.00001245396,0.00001155888,0.0003200771,0.000001826447,0.002274515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1339218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089953931","doi":"10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00400-2","title":"Interactions between metal oxides and species of nitrogen and iodine in bioturbated marine sediments","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":179,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Iodide; Anoxic waters; Sediment; Manganese; Metal; Nitrate; Organic matter; Ammonia; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Nitrite; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01281766697079651,"gpt":0.2172486838292099,"spread":0.2044310168584134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001794743,0.0001888526,0.0003351042,0.0001352834,0.00008707905,0.00004050159,0.000141834,0.00005550352,0.007421444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002399499,0.0001652329,0.0000599756,0.0002825134,0.0001562461,0.000218136,0.00005024293,0.0001901921,0.00002121168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004962567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001557259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001507556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008797731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988402,0.00006908263,0.0003501314,0.0003124199,0.0001630463,0.0002651157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994788,0.000128918,0.00008954264,0.0001583346,0.0000196514,0.0001247477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001150195,0.00006059282,0.9715659,0.00003135642,0.0001635906,0.000004903885,0.0001838729,0.00002242844,0.01793294,0.000007264999,0.0002541526,0.009657951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006344868,0.00008805493,0.9664084,0.00003178917,0.0001285876,0.00002570795,0.0001705079,0.0005451393,0.02714647,0.002045481,0.002538574,0.0002368376],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884207,0.00007129835,3.346589e-7,0.001024065,0.00002058904,0.0001033317,0.0003016291,0.00001926191,0.0100388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977228,0.0003000393,0.0004301662,0.0001137163,0.00003706875,0.000001267036,0.0007872663,0.000003599377,0.0006040508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009434748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9934859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983329463","doi":"10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00076-8","title":"Paleoproterozoic Huronian basin: product of a Wilson cycle punctuated by glaciations and a meteorite impact","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sedimentary Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Geochemistry; Unconformity; Provenance; Rift; Orogeny; Sedimentary rock; Paleontology; Breccia; Structural basin","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004106267205424466,"gpt":0.2016389553952299,"spread":0.1975326881898055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001658981,0.0001414446,0.0002200438,0.00006393416,0.0001105826,0.00001037133,0.0001030794,0.00003963666,0.007141945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001146234,0.0001139225,0.00006282016,0.0002653201,0.0001290366,0.0001403542,0.00001620111,0.00008905509,0.0000343958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005130115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002161435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02385483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001861323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990211,0.00006837727,0.0002198939,0.0002740548,0.0001266711,0.0002899635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995763,0.00003835646,0.00009341114,0.0001576065,0.00002395049,0.0001103436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005751551,0.00003872292,0.9876375,0.000009918816,0.0001358328,0.000006737001,0.0001077519,0.0001907472,0.002746038,9.765643e-7,0.0009116136,0.008156652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007140719,0.0004642922,0.9852359,0.000008400972,0.0001441555,0.00008069184,0.0002928618,0.002960369,0.005300123,0.0006950935,0.003868057,0.0002360089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962648,0.0007541869,0.00001822921,0.001435665,0.0000609481,0.0001472543,0.0001478483,0.0000166637,0.001154473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998,0.00007573305,0.0001824853,0.0002384679,0.00004979587,0.000002236543,0.001081498,0.000001993723,0.0003677372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02199351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944539067","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.4642","title":"The Genesis of Regolith-Hosted Heavy Rare Earth Element Deposits: Insights from the World-Class Zudong Deposit in Jiangxi Province, South China","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":175,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Rare-earth element; Regolith; Geochemistry; World class; Rare earth; China; Earth science; Earth (classical element); Mining engineering; Astrobiology; Archaeology; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003913651679568484,"gpt":0.1635053625992178,"spread":0.1595917109196493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001746625,0.0001645661,0.0002840258,0.00005460808,0.0001828046,0.0000383361,0.0004684482,0.00006811885,0.001660636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001113724,0.0001020286,0.00009608696,0.0001311576,0.0001228195,0.00009465531,0.00006097769,0.0001462095,0.0003996429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001513392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008156282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02989971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3789018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986233,0.0001514736,0.0004526568,0.0003520188,0.00008110201,0.0003394197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990172,0.000274887,0.0002178888,0.0004169728,0.00001125068,0.00006183357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009589027,0.00001084688,0.9925396,0.000009571576,0.00008864349,0.000005114581,0.0004114065,0.004625657,0.00007690944,0.00007664198,0.0001751206,0.001884546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004098691,0.00006028897,0.9874075,0.0000146848,0.00003000534,0.000004847785,0.0009823543,0.005457878,0.002507258,0.0003236729,0.0026616,0.0001400147],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911808,0.001225342,0.000002762444,0.001232489,0.0002153729,0.0002641991,0.00005060365,0.00001125406,0.005817115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977651,0.00005626646,0.0000584054,0.0002364201,0.00007886416,0.000004656658,0.0001843056,0.00000354917,0.001612395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3490021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2736970980","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(95)95670-0","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(95)95670-0","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":174,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Yttrium; Fractionation; Oceanography; Geology; Distribution (mathematics); Chemistry; Chromatography; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004578193169904514,"gpt":0.1455982662580134,"spread":0.1410200730881089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001021797,0.0001063779,0.000118407,0.0000228704,0.0001170898,0.00004279591,0.0001963419,0.00003725237,0.9998657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007607607,0.00009272175,0.000064918,0.0002237141,0.00002618268,0.00009334944,0.000007168606,0.00006538616,0.9982226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002769407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001059989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005159957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001369697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99923,0.0000198376,0.0001310623,0.0002041313,0.0001597582,0.0002551562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996012,0.00002199088,0.00001848726,0.000168556,0.00001303144,0.0001766719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003892556,0.00001464166,0.00003546643,0.00000418255,0.00002102714,0.000006831024,0.000008626866,0.001211443,0.00001177777,3.61959e-8,0.1379274,0.8607196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008079976,0.00006284253,0.0006278352,0.000004442705,0.00002112799,0.0000064714,0.000003204056,0.001182289,0.0001499466,0.00001060586,0.997711,0.0001394429],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008444448,0.0001032527,1.171737e-7,0.0002141962,9.716281e-7,0.00004992824,0.00006874267,0.00004583748,0.9910725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006012566,5.965234e-7,0.00005650887,0.00005812234,0.00009941478,8.235982e-7,0.0002923346,0.000002092237,0.9934775],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8605801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3781083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996128165","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010","title":"The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"United States Science Support Program; Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Diagenesis; Geology; Alkalinity; Rare-earth element; Geochemistry; Sediment; Total organic carbon; Pore water pressure; Scavenging; Mineralogy; Geomorphology; Rare earth; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005283782584729712,"gpt":0.1725275872748131,"spread":0.1672438046900834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001881352,0.00007439126,0.0001214273,0.00001109164,0.00005413088,0.000002198557,0.0001200473,0.00006041797,0.0002945354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005969739,0.00004001667,0.00005302206,0.0001201761,0.0001840879,0.0000204962,0.00002126233,0.00005761204,0.000002874189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003344674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008675486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000896938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002364366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993898,0.00008148833,0.0001809893,0.0001238866,0.00009483086,0.0001290391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996239,0.0001429994,0.00006274405,0.0001244647,0.00001681629,0.00002907746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001470035,0.00001105708,0.981117,0.00001844865,0.00001633261,0.000001500389,0.0000703692,0.00002955069,0.01256219,0.00001117762,0.00006200224,0.005953381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001698976,0.0001164193,0.615805,0.000008216336,0.00001987605,0.00000440126,0.00005225308,0.0006356597,0.3828148,0.0001213346,0.000210309,0.00004182247],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989723,0.0002792215,0.000002928884,0.000219269,0.00002763185,0.00009083814,0.00005739027,0.000002543932,0.0003478945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993769,0.00005461781,0.000007437148,0.00001551849,0.00001398602,0.000003239931,0.0004866767,8.583943e-7,0.00004078905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3702526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3224956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131802900","doi":"10.4319/lo.2004.49.2.0322","title":"Dynamics of silicon metabolism and silicon isotopic discrimination in a marine diatomas a function of pCO<sub>2</sub>","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Chemistry; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Diatom; Frustule; Biogenic silica; Silicon; Dissolution; Environmental chemistry; Isotopes of silicon; Isotope; Flux (metallurgy); Chemistry; Stable isotope ratio; Fractionation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Oceanography; Geology; Chromatography; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004179153077424736,"gpt":0.1739744134094441,"spread":0.1697952603320194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009784482,0.00009276307,0.0002001914,0.0002102121,0.00004333418,0.000005223088,0.00004640147,0.00009382294,0.0000368872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001009984,0.00008154116,0.00005155773,0.0003232199,0.0001896596,0.0001121044,0.00001654472,0.00008038184,6.426292e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001457215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007744909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005563997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993907,0.00002874226,0.0002102173,0.0001710091,0.0000668599,0.0001325064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997416,0.00003018509,0.00009291802,0.00007943307,0.00001880591,0.00003710587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007630489,0.00004592635,0.9708658,0.00007790132,0.00004586652,0.000001717592,0.0001921665,0.00009309647,0.006091835,0.0008265518,6.31893e-7,0.02168218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000536259,0.0001461585,0.9557328,0.00001275803,0.00008059149,0.00000492974,0.0004567253,0.0004306528,0.03212559,0.01039245,0.000004941905,0.00007616005],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986773,0.0007055869,0.00001787026,0.000220217,0.00003983622,0.0000659751,0.00002837809,0.000007784712,0.0002370348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992118,0.0005287207,0.0000404825,0.0000357372,0.00001032446,8.691018e-7,0.0001676688,0.000001215804,0.000003128551],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02603376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3325152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2596426057","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-00494-0","title":"Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments by inner-sphere interactions with reactive iron","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); Concordia University","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; U.S. Department of Energy; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; University of Saskatchewan; Canadian Light Source; National Research Council Canada; University of Chicago","keywords":"Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Sediment; Chemistry; Inner sphere electron transfer; Ferric; Iron oxide; Sedimentary rock; Mineralogy; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Inorganic chemistry; Geochemistry; Ion; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007652558188007568,"gpt":0.2113418710033645,"spread":0.2036893128153569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003016471,0.00007473389,0.0001067134,0.00004025474,0.0002429627,0.0001430729,0.0001397088,0.00002273465,0.01042843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002912293,0.00005758777,0.00002397838,0.0001561217,0.000124711,0.0006366046,0.00003306836,0.000073266,0.00004618842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007948194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000292054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003196689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01139013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990301,0.00001496654,0.0002418624,0.0003202236,0.0002523564,0.0001405029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999011,0.00000993206,0.0003709479,0.0005049774,0.00005585745,0.00004724505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001512,0.00003608969,0.9728513,0.00001334765,0.00001259019,0.00002441674,0.00008424038,0.00009191989,0.02156602,9.402552e-8,0.004551754,0.0007530888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001443581,0.00002845421,0.9063115,0.00003789013,0.00002496103,0.00003744583,0.0002038518,0.0002603132,0.08697708,0.0005866602,0.005266728,0.0001207997],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814914,0.000006204431,0.000005053176,0.0003107124,0.0003526974,0.00008095974,0.000009436523,0.000004899991,0.01773859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875224,7.285012e-7,0.0001102648,0.000017605,0.00001207603,0.000001429682,0.0004816282,0.000001602238,0.01185224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06653986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9904762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106633126","doi":"10.1128/aem.01240-07","title":"Direct Identification of a Bacterial Manganese(II) Oxidase, the Multicopper Oxidase MnxG, from Spores of Several Different Marine <i>Bacillus</i> Species","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of California, San Diego; Bentham-Moxon Trust","keywords":"Multicopper oxidase; Chemistry; Oxidase test; Enzyme; Manganese; Biochemistry; Laccase; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003496857642311598,"gpt":0.1495276886116089,"spread":0.1460308309692973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001409255,0.000145442,0.0002300031,0.00002622205,0.0001172173,0.000007373039,0.0001365442,0.00007044261,0.003068554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002417493,0.0000958099,0.00006306005,0.00004164159,0.0004042491,0.00002957198,0.00007885737,0.00006456375,0.00001405461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005785738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002242588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006264732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006668981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991521,0.00002346484,0.0003381738,0.0002346762,0.00006067949,0.000190941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995599,0.00007902126,0.0001536077,0.0001595358,0.00000239271,0.00004555601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001372626,0.00006949474,0.09845,0.000009407374,0.0000587497,0.000001234973,0.0002286031,0.00003371756,0.8986206,0.000003581539,0.00003565698,0.002351695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003140788,0.00003711541,0.4943861,0.000002395826,0.00004495477,0.000005089812,0.0006163066,0.00002316005,0.5035702,0.00003712027,0.0008743533,0.00008915643],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979219,0.0001092888,0.00001547785,0.00003226069,0.00006364518,0.0001120084,0.001107394,0.000005241466,0.0006327619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954843,0.00009776996,0.0000619483,0.00005098411,0.00005565767,0.000001144528,0.004044021,0.000002552847,0.0002016509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3959361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W653289464","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0129936","title":"Uptake and Effects of Six Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Selected Native and Crop Species Growing in Contaminated Soils","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Panicum virgatum; Agronomy; Crop; Biomass (ecology); Phytoremediation; Raphanus; Crotalaria; Germination; Soil water; Biology; Chemistry; Bioenergy; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02192589379660767,"gpt":0.1916284042084174,"spread":0.1697025104118097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001395154,0.00009809889,0.00021268,0.00006473657,0.00004376013,0.00001800772,0.00005314194,0.00003555204,0.0001573693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001415413,0.00008468523,0.00001237224,0.0002564144,0.00005458278,0.0001310867,0.00001274093,0.00008447209,0.000007290893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003682276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000141993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003841667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001439688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992128,0.0000520209,0.0001642828,0.0001727685,0.0002316981,0.000166454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996344,0.00009286004,0.00006015588,0.00006060193,0.00006050924,0.00009148664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001227372,0.0002201864,0.9688997,0.0001961944,0.0001951008,0.00002664796,0.000715458,0.00003674969,0.02729635,0.000007911944,0.00003632616,0.002246599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070466,0.0004022283,0.7828138,0.0001912443,0.00006697499,9.730876e-7,0.0004543873,0.002234826,0.2125528,0.0000648983,0.00002835977,0.000119094],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979566,0.0003059949,5.018826e-7,0.00006553592,0.000009389072,0.0001273474,0.00003579959,0.000009732254,0.001489073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992401,0.00005058136,0.0001435299,0.00005018242,0.00001508583,0.000001303973,0.0001101436,0.000001666417,0.0003873902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.186086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3453364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097892430","doi":"10.1007/s00244-020-00773-4","title":"Review of Rare Earth Elements as Fertilizers and Feed Additives: A Knowledge Gap Analysis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":163,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Carleton University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","keywords":"Ecotoxicology; Rare earth; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Mineralogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01738041454904082,"gpt":0.2604243436634523,"spread":0.2430439291144115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000125229,0.0002490083,0.001273779,0.0001910385,0.00006584087,0.000006633989,0.0001470293,0.00008222543,0.004091366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004495423,0.0002106785,0.0003303823,0.0002352951,0.0003690065,0.00005893804,0.00007097497,0.0001298249,0.00001740293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004377395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002945162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002758448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001163076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984303,0.00027675,0.0006281416,0.0003845199,0.0001195566,0.0001606932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989195,0.0003204587,0.0004902409,0.0001299997,0.000004226195,0.0001355683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000171871,0.00006134453,0.00326317,0.01270659,0.001094925,0.00000489003,0.000139212,2.515267e-7,0.0000262443,0.00001398576,0.00001509271,0.9826571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007705181,0.0009727696,0.06083561,0.01005859,0.01103053,0.00003873493,0.0008143587,0.000358117,0.0000876352,0.0001000219,0.9143421,0.0005910255],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001865886,0.991912,0.000005203346,0.00003279345,0.0000149915,0.0003443834,0.001012134,0.000004354728,0.004808256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03554516,0.9615059,0.00009127041,0.0001032986,0.00001099511,0.000007462399,0.002444415,0.000003860016,0.0002876399],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9820661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055019317","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.11.007","title":"Biogenic and abiogenic low-Mg calcite (bLMC and aLMC): Evaluation of seawater-REE composition, water masses and carbonate diagenesis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Alberta; Brock University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Brock University","keywords":"Geology; Abiogenic petroleum origin; Diagenesis; Seawater; Calcite; Carbonate; Geochemistry; Aragonite; Carbonate minerals; Siliciclastic; Paleoceanography; Water mass; Upwelling; Paleontology; Mineralogy; Sedimentary depositional environment; Oceanography; Chemistry; Methane","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00673337909545725,"gpt":0.2025725901688299,"spread":0.1958392110733727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002799042,0.0001161429,0.0001851391,0.0000403233,0.00006622837,0.00001455077,0.0000678416,0.0001239827,0.001202562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000185268,0.00008447929,0.00003308985,0.00006168441,0.0003683147,0.00005935577,0.00004174953,0.0000871263,0.000008458011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001675879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009920381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008644962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003973641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991547,0.00004343058,0.000184298,0.0002720776,0.0001355617,0.0002099112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996101,0.00005732486,0.00004087342,0.0001113308,0.0000650686,0.0001152477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001989729,0.000009880587,0.4229771,0.00002697687,0.00003811229,0.000001502874,0.00005811213,0.000009461424,0.5742905,0.000002495899,0.00001145691,0.002554522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005662233,0.0000374862,0.2556001,0.000005375072,0.0002341237,0.00007582631,0.00003898257,0.006232106,0.7353446,0.001575564,0.00011818,0.0001713758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986004,0.0005782337,0.000001824975,0.0004106714,0.00004670954,0.00007575228,0.00003075101,0.000008698376,0.0002469606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992682,0.0000697062,0.0001408693,0.00006241597,0.00003997096,0.000002505585,0.0003860062,0.000001995677,0.0000282678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.167377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103420592","doi":"10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1774","title":"A role for manganese in superoxide dismutases and growth of iron‐deficient diatoms","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Thalassiosira pseudonana; Thalassiosira weissflogii; Manganese; Superoxide dismutase; Chemistry; Phytoplankton; Environmental chemistry; Seawater; Antioxidant; Reactive oxygen species; Diatom; Oxygen evolution; Limiting; Botany; Biology; Biochemistry; Ecology; Nutrient; Electrochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003953322852234662,"gpt":0.1779209196600523,"spread":0.1739675968078176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000851451,0.00008337769,0.0001464612,0.0001207607,0.00006903227,0.000007502474,0.00005878332,0.00006073651,0.00003605857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001172696,0.00006787659,0.00004929213,0.0001993396,0.0001984414,0.00006415947,0.00001010005,0.00005104669,9.235013e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.917729e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005694064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005089304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001195327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994474,0.0000133145,0.0001364945,0.000175824,0.00004677893,0.0001801883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997928,0.00005452651,0.0000321766,0.00006044511,0.00001026907,0.00004985478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004999556,0.00003664276,0.9980503,0.00004713771,0.00001711793,0.000003132109,0.0002675931,0.00005234424,0.0003490748,0.0003042709,0.000003918107,0.000818441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006687081,0.0002159987,0.9833316,0.00001327309,0.00003677894,0.00001404621,0.0009659459,0.0001475398,0.0043938,0.01006197,0.00004457655,0.000105782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970388,0.002370096,0.00001256467,0.0002405662,0.00001664909,0.00007371481,0.0001025305,0.000007897513,0.00013721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993523,0.0002377729,0.0002124808,0.00008274664,0.000009130655,0.00000158673,0.00009784919,0.000001111875,0.000005073883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01471875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2767927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2472931104","doi":"10.1002/2016gl069109","title":"Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of New Brunswick; University of Guelph","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Mars Exploration Program; Geology; Evaporite; Impact crater; Geochemistry; Astrobiology; Manganese; Atmosphere (unit); Meteorite; Earth (classical element); Deposition (geology); Mineralogy; Paleontology; Sedimentary rock; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03196338841466855,"gpt":0.2845783950006877,"spread":0.2526150065860191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005335003,0.00007984716,0.0001208378,0.0001336627,0.00008282447,0.00003204487,0.0002372653,0.00003048296,0.001109106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000653246,0.0000533242,0.00004741662,0.0004690448,0.0001672028,0.0005494778,0.0000231613,0.0001068096,0.0003288629],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000162254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001928988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001361311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998378,0.0001687985,0.0002096393,0.0002224433,0.0006017247,0.0004194179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993975,0.0001312524,0.00004188716,0.0002125995,0.00007984931,0.0001369808],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009805853,0.00009083923,0.1552728,0.00004408595,0.000007264763,0.00001561243,0.0001781363,0.00009667101,0.821706,0.00002157479,0.001805299,0.02066365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004950046,0.0001832341,0.8706678,0.00004247047,0.000005150249,0.00000186836,0.0002493024,0.001447489,0.1251921,0.000795705,0.0007685377,0.000151351],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970075,0.00001563081,0.00005512685,0.002377523,0.00002479268,0.00009666737,0.00003075555,0.000008387995,0.0003835443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993765,0.00001172006,0.00007064238,0.0001769271,0.00006337538,0.000003763917,0.0001305766,0.000001795169,0.0001647122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.715395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}