{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":275,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":3,"predictions_cover":275,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"865c98187c42","filters":{"topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities"}},"results":[{"id":"W2959070482","doi":"10.3390/su11133750","title":"Education Development in China: Education Return, Quality, and Equity","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":196,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"China Scholarship Council; University of Toronto","keywords":"China; Economic growth; Equity (law); Poverty; Prosperity; Political science; Sustainable development; Comparative education; Development economics; Higher education; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Lijia Guo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiashun Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhang You","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02583541245164803,"gpt":0.4167772651296426,"spread":0.3909418526779945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001835241,0.0002084645,0.0002142182,0.002204597,0.001579202,0.002265644,0.0004087445,0.0003872902,0.003213808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002562474,0.0000790204,0.0002490482,0.00317687,0.001856645,0.001996664,0.002631361,0.0006414087,0.00007814083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005946884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008965867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06672145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0950339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990018,0.0001895248,0.00006463721,0.00008686166,0.0002564767,0.0004007016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984422,0.0002282455,0.0004821143,0.00008349522,0.0003012852,0.0004625828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008824693,0.0002242424,0.6987063,0.000379856,0.00008254903,0.0005085683,0.008078259,0.001594187,0.0005675581,0.11503,0.002665891,0.1720743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001509064,0.00008122146,0.9659705,0.0002737316,0.00003174623,0.00009597198,0.006125848,0.00149954,0.0004092858,0.01218479,0.01328871,0.00002359726],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9473206,0.004513807,0.001289771,0.01105276,0.00006666579,0.00005665233,0.0002715764,0.00002380463,0.03540441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981655,0.0005400412,0.0001649999,0.0001491001,0.0000140264,0.000006999791,0.00004932882,0.000001133586,0.0009088122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06672145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1326662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1605568312","doi":"10.1163/9789087901035","title":"Private Higher Education","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Higher education; Praise; Latin Americans; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political science; Realm; Private sector; Economic growth; Education economics; Phenomenon; Comparative education; Development economics; Geography; Economics; Law; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Philip G. Altbach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Lévy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0367741815283372,"gpt":0.3521030900788456,"spread":0.3153289085505084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004068701,0.0005602463,0.0003560666,0.00108357,0.001748617,0.005667167,0.0005219611,0.001399199,0.1701892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001577208,0.0003024781,0.0002799461,0.002343883,0.0009000521,0.004257388,0.002384827,0.002046478,0.07127757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00239461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003123436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005120196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992617,0.0000907358,0.00002716117,0.0001200018,0.0003997667,0.0001006301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994797,0.00009870828,0.00003514296,0.0001147101,0.000150441,0.0001212383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009645844,0.00003424631,0.000178901,0.0001853067,0.000003035596,0.00003720828,0.0003312927,0.0001718282,0.0001538985,0.177116,0.6985263,0.1232525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.818058e-7,0.000002562876,0.0001197893,0.00005279324,3.673509e-7,0.00003159604,0.00004143291,0.00002068427,0.00002916693,0.003249544,0.9964505,8.311952e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000550408,0.007646557,0.0008201098,0.0034911,0.001236741,0.00002718794,0.0003195312,0.0001284044,0.9857799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005060454,0.004345708,0.0004306563,0.001197151,0.0003717321,0.0000165588,0.0002893553,0.00005672695,0.9882316],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1701892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5693395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125027515","doi":"10.1177/0020715220987861","title":"Worldwide shadow education and social inequality: Explaining differences in the socioeconomic gap in access to shadow education across 63 societies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Inequality; Educational inequality; Shadow (psychology); Social inequality; Incentive; Demographic economics; Economic inequality; Social class; Sociology; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Psychology; Demography; Population; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Steve R. Entrich","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.165653003001413,"gpt":0.4656958523447734,"spread":0.3000428493433603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007270066,0.000168394,0.0003516358,0.001355349,0.0006432155,0.001039547,0.0003053568,0.000271465,0.006845117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004556503,0.00006508189,0.0003265936,0.001716881,0.001401813,0.001166874,0.002918506,0.0005209424,0.0002776029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000505486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004133602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008404127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009999857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994698,0.0001565107,0.00002589821,0.00007924271,0.0000719825,0.0001966002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984772,0.0006175328,0.0004079246,0.0001630875,0.0001281762,0.0002060817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001221489,0.0001189697,0.8962936,0.0001315736,0.0001645018,0.0003114413,0.008689788,0.001631599,0.0005664062,0.04158957,0.0007201227,0.04966025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006201015,0.00006584539,0.972786,0.0001113639,0.0000443612,0.00009271187,0.007833811,0.00156507,0.0001839782,0.01427339,0.003027993,0.000009209461],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882996,0.0005167248,0.0008658845,0.0005081479,0.00001316316,0.000006195047,0.0001529001,0.000004644059,0.009632801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996256,0.00009645324,0.00005396,0.00001236448,0.000005131387,0.000002530235,0.00004343241,8.746561e-7,0.0001596626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008404127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02289921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079045704","doi":"10.1057/hep.2010.24","title":"Higher-Education Policies and Welfare Regimes: International Comparative Perspectives","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Policy","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Higher education policy; Welfare; Education policy; Higher education; Comparative education; Economics; Social policy; Public economics; Political science; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"Hans Pechar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lesley Andres","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09336016708159507,"gpt":0.4141085143165809,"spread":0.3207483472349859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005483603,0.0005923982,0.0007821222,0.007107094,0.002603767,0.01262501,0.0009614863,0.004011402,0.01528241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005640932,0.0002763555,0.0006597554,0.01257585,0.01225222,0.005874844,0.003885211,0.002892407,0.0003923455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006571586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00239779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00753233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01094793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996979,0.001776267,0.00005757818,0.0001656994,0.0003160078,0.0007055242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941577,0.004419527,0.0004967935,0.000205467,0.0004533798,0.0002670386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005975744,0.00007743393,0.001799024,0.0001734083,0.00002897007,0.00004198427,0.001259446,0.0004478172,0.00007873927,0.9833058,0.002249403,0.0104783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001111269,0.0001479072,0.03503191,0.002535191,0.0001514198,0.0001489584,0.02228031,0.0009939887,0.0004344574,0.7836162,0.1545018,0.00004674163],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09148783,0.1614994,0.004952219,0.1193468,0.0006956153,0.00004363684,0.0007456837,0.00002798935,0.6212009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9125702,0.07157617,0.0008700263,0.006578517,0.001657838,0.00009516178,0.000224566,0.00002674508,0.006400813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01528241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05112481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766533877","doi":"10.1177/0038040717739613","title":"The Worldwide Growth of Private Higher Education: Cross-national Patterns of Higher Education Institution Foundings by Sector","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sociology of Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Social and Economic Sciences; World Bank Group; Spencer Foundation","keywords":"Higher education; Institution; Normative; Private sector; Political science; Economic growth; Public institution; Sociology of Education; Sociology; Public administration; Economics; Social science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Elizabeth Buckner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04604876141223548,"gpt":0.4014454639057978,"spread":0.3553967024935624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002205889,0.0001452487,0.0003014857,0.006602092,0.0007070215,0.002141941,0.0005118023,0.0003523016,0.005515768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01097427,0.0001723658,0.0002719533,0.0102917,0.001353173,0.003198691,0.0032406,0.0007483235,0.0005336995],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001439904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001040158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01006152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01857497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983479,0.0002275559,0.0002068622,0.0003367575,0.0003793326,0.0005017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9808301,0.004851649,0.00799873,0.001286916,0.003017191,0.002015341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009315573,0.00003249382,0.9225239,0.0001775808,0.00004374991,0.0001865589,0.008029435,0.0001908481,0.001019131,0.005339639,0.002071592,0.06029192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002210561,0.00003355452,0.9823699,0.0001100778,0.000007853641,0.0001724188,0.007436867,0.0001116394,0.0003464133,0.0004029765,0.008993162,0.00001281082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852086,0.002557457,0.0002957301,0.001047461,0.00002500255,0.0000104414,0.001461168,0.00002223175,0.009371917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954323,0.001225494,0.0002314789,0.00006359941,0.00002806709,0.00001079155,0.0008927222,0.0000145552,0.002101018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01006152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02000594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107569852","doi":"10.1177/1028315306288755","title":"Toward Improved Data on Student Mobility in Europe: Findings and Concepts of the Eurodata Study","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Studies in International Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Association of Canadian Archivists","funders":"","keywords":"International education; Regional science; Political science; Quality (philosophy); Higher education; Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Sociology; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Maria Kelo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrich Teichler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernd Wächter","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1338211819801174,"gpt":0.4834130198568331,"spread":0.3495918378767157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02056541,0.0002878864,0.0006443365,0.006451665,0.0005768519,0.003625733,0.000874876,0.0008090298,0.001728489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05117145,0.0001927351,0.0004779725,0.02093914,0.001340873,0.004797603,0.004120192,0.001160158,0.0002207627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007691643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001250386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01174609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006574472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9893896,0.006033804,0.001574341,0.0009547001,0.001403905,0.0006436788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9553582,0.02589126,0.007392884,0.004625867,0.005628992,0.001102743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000473646,0.0001514407,0.8740858,0.000635808,0.0002727745,0.0002270308,0.01211517,0.001681095,0.0004670978,0.04646886,0.004594002,0.05882726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002561549,0.0001620448,0.9102637,0.0008153579,0.0001173329,0.0002503305,0.02615928,0.001583257,0.0009101546,0.006836923,0.05282971,0.00004635871],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9508106,0.005606423,0.009734659,0.004160832,0.0002307394,0.0001066164,0.01152636,0.00003874862,0.01778507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851391,0.001549573,0.004183492,0.0003772134,0.00009015011,0.00008951657,0.007688574,0.00002702503,0.0008554004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02056541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1087615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W615571797","doi":"10.1108/s1479-3679(2013)22","title":"Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"History","authors":[{"name":"Janice Aurini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott Davies","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julian Dierkes","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03400203952830873,"gpt":0.3374707496534681,"spread":0.3034687101251594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008045891,0.0003954523,0.0003268799,0.001317189,0.001657143,0.005533259,0.0005073741,0.001494188,0.02470806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001501095,0.000164658,0.0004135435,0.002657417,0.004919769,0.009798947,0.004010166,0.003076703,0.001964672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004832248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004061906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007263967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01468885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993129,0.0001905835,0.00002409409,0.00008875882,0.0002442615,0.0001395206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993237,0.0002471819,0.00005930499,0.00007052111,0.0001241858,0.0001750802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003382128,0.00003736552,0.002104504,0.0005364628,0.000009380015,0.0002523487,0.01246227,0.0002258682,0.0002494439,0.4698322,0.2919389,0.2223173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006015753,0.00001448457,0.005168421,0.0006779408,0.000004635549,0.0002101528,0.005518074,0.00007999263,0.0001147649,0.04572008,0.9424754,0.00001008647],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02235572,0.1372079,0.002131827,0.1369007,0.007289184,0.00005050611,0.0003865525,0.0001575982,0.69352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3607743,0.142679,0.004120656,0.02927399,0.006069222,0.0001143297,0.0006265661,0.0003387154,0.4560031],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02470806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08265668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366332461","doi":"10.4324/9781003318453","title":"Taming the Wild Horse of Shadow Education","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation; National Development and Reform Commission; Ministry of Education, India; East China Normal University; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Aarhus Universitet; Education Endowment Foundation; University of Hong Kong; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Horse; Political science; Biology; Psychology; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Zhang Wei","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03806195078445221,"gpt":0.3499546903686027,"spread":0.3118927395841504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006353187,0.0002515976,0.0002297129,0.0006557726,0.002422196,0.004192967,0.0004085598,0.001032149,0.01322208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001685382,0.0001139543,0.0001621463,0.0007066578,0.007502488,0.005952982,0.002008085,0.002291447,0.001244634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003570043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001920201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004890517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01278731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994677,0.0002391348,0.000006867716,0.00005536892,0.00013399,0.00009692484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994784,0.0003363811,0.00002982077,0.00004270472,0.00004270268,0.00007010245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001208173,0.000009173218,0.0002388123,0.00005129597,0.000001622344,0.000058755,0.005146514,0.0001075144,0.00006772004,0.9110818,0.04923335,0.03399133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007325234,0.00001905803,0.0006681582,0.0001370372,0.00000393693,0.00008070929,0.004439306,0.0004016678,0.0002250107,0.1992029,0.7948076,0.000007169329],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0127636,0.01212738,0.005044258,0.05081056,0.001162241,0.00001697618,0.00003618457,0.0001303883,0.9179084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4671418,0.01107518,0.003903491,0.01363453,0.0009649848,0.00005753059,0.00006192046,0.0002118273,0.5029488],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01322208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04423225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3118854552","doi":"10.1177/0020715220984500","title":"Social inequality in shadow education: The role of high-stakes testing","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Disadvantaged; Inequality; Educational inequality; Social inequality; Higher education; Economic growth; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Demographic economics; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Dieuwke Zwier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sara Geven","is_ca":false},{"name":"Herman G. van de Werfhorst","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1398875372441822,"gpt":0.4344270157903505,"spread":0.2945394785461684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002779604,0.0001918774,0.0004178095,0.001475623,0.001278275,0.001722031,0.0006453774,0.0006000812,0.006985173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01594353,0.0001056472,0.0003024816,0.002289072,0.003003028,0.001742922,0.003358094,0.001226815,0.0001923815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008432022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008704694,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01225232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01528695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949728,0.002270013,0.0001701656,0.0004718266,0.0007462423,0.001368827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9814903,0.009509554,0.004976595,0.0008970476,0.000651681,0.002474762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009374986,0.0001798735,0.9609371,0.00004825447,0.00008088451,0.0002947134,0.004841103,0.0002932729,0.0001868645,0.01596604,0.0008009568,0.01627714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008231568,0.0000585796,0.9821267,0.0001227814,0.00002535129,0.0001269784,0.006278018,0.0008049578,0.0001239213,0.008139848,0.002172231,0.00001240014],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806893,0.0007751209,0.001383276,0.003001981,0.00004340442,0.00002114059,0.0002819609,0.000006277233,0.01379747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996091,0.00006466096,0.00004740679,0.00005025755,0.00001912682,0.000004362041,0.00004155751,0.000001181608,0.0001622587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01225232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02436203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226014969","doi":"10.1007/s12564-022-09759-4","title":"A bibliometric mapping of shadow education research: achievements, limitations, and the future","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asia Pacific Education Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nazarbayev University; International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Metadata; Socioeconomic status; Educational research; Sociology; Higher education; Economics education; Social science; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Primary education; Economic growth; World Wide Web; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Anas Hajar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehmet Karakuş","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1289463569954147,"gpt":0.4170105960828712,"spread":0.2880642390874564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04413757,0.001079691,0.003629133,0.08775198,0.002011227,0.01253687,0.002781327,0.001194774,0.007204503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1852821,0.0005205242,0.001775457,0.1694014,0.002741187,0.01104355,0.004707689,0.001496602,0.001337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004569869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01667932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01757614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02890926,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9623431,0.01700003,0.005587543,0.002362003,0.01177553,0.0009317417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7625767,0.1343372,0.0184252,0.01835939,0.06397809,0.002323386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001411942,0.0001006355,0.08063097,0.03675103,0.003319206,0.0001170438,0.00256472,0.000911819,0.0004399123,0.04796914,0.06811682,0.7589375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001159813,0.0002249168,0.3009637,0.05563596,0.006231573,0.0006395856,0.01512969,0.006984077,0.001533814,0.08579561,0.5264996,0.0002456073],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07279935,0.7096134,0.02843496,0.06152835,0.005826386,0.000659121,0.02030273,0.0007702306,0.1000655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5820377,0.3548908,0.03490672,0.003968209,0.005344015,0.0007832041,0.01223968,0.0002140838,0.005615481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.912248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2334245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W1558041255","doi":"","title":"Private and Group Tutoring in Egypt: Where is the Gender Inequality?","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Inequality; Educational inequality; Gender inequality; Order (exchange); Scale (ratio); Gender bias; Demographic economics; Developing country; Psychology; Political science; Labour economics; Economics; Social psychology; Economic growth; Geography; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Asmaa Elbadawy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ragui Assaad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dennis A. Ahlburg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deborah Levison","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07980165466657094,"gpt":0.385506699926256,"spread":0.305705045259685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006676434,0.00008476302,0.0003043793,0.0009164687,0.0006194114,0.000900648,0.0002835474,0.0003297161,0.005056022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002026138,0.00007063348,0.0001039808,0.001555007,0.0008911777,0.0008289618,0.0008910834,0.0004140897,0.0002140487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001400646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007319706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04128647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06922575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999408,0.000122341,0.00003053258,0.00006907224,0.0000929388,0.0002772101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987079,0.0003401652,0.0004861317,0.00006027112,0.0001233216,0.0002821678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001823121,0.00008989748,0.9455292,0.00007222143,0.00003569595,0.0003072461,0.0108217,0.0001083222,0.0003798871,0.004947414,0.001302685,0.03622346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004469468,0.00003234304,0.9842954,0.00004265294,0.000009661215,0.000088835,0.01245439,0.0001289503,0.0001070443,0.0006505171,0.002181121,0.000004681032],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957165,0.0006943558,0.0000593076,0.001085044,0.000006565307,0.000002362071,0.0001895266,0.000001528562,0.002244853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993228,0.000193162,0.00001572994,0.00004506341,0.000005602973,0.000001108509,0.00004626374,6.471431e-7,0.0003698227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04128647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08209229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972696252","doi":"10.1007/s12564-009-9059-3","title":"Teaching in the shadow: operators of small shadow education institutions in Japan","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asia Pacific Education Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Boom; Work (physics); Face (sociological concept); Value (mathematics); Job market; Public relations; Sociology; Psychology; Political science; Computer science; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Julian Dierkes","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04341779874940178,"gpt":0.3826811448277569,"spread":0.3392633460783551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002108529,0.0001732031,0.0002509728,0.001336617,0.002501778,0.002651265,0.0005745759,0.0007554924,0.00381457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002546386,0.0001824198,0.0002547658,0.003383362,0.001821813,0.00219177,0.002095893,0.0008520412,0.0001513177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004863993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01707918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07132664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1885098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987072,0.0002903022,0.00007228075,0.0001068578,0.0001973324,0.0006261463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996057,0.0007654704,0.0007089017,0.00008329163,0.0006890401,0.001696271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008399123,0.0004939786,0.4669942,0.004151195,0.0001532218,0.002806817,0.05329646,0.0005198635,0.001805136,0.04736311,0.03156389,0.3900122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005708942,0.0001920206,0.8263133,0.0007422786,0.0001949915,0.0003510858,0.07020541,0.0002091736,0.0003719805,0.001454324,0.09987391,0.00003439983],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8879904,0.05715044,0.0002561533,0.02548968,0.0002738653,0.00005019858,0.0001985472,0.00001186122,0.02857901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9688584,0.02514083,0.0001783873,0.001433065,0.000128153,0.00002052142,0.00009476384,0.00000561811,0.004140186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07132664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1418229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210715525","doi":"10.3138/cpp.37.4.459","title":"Exploring School Choice in Canada: Who Chooses What and Why?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Banner; School choice; Demographics; Variety (cybernetics); Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Geography; Demography; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Scott Davies","is_ca":true},{"name":"Janice Aurini","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2115606584678166,"gpt":0.3025734496455075,"spread":0.09101279117769087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002946107,0.0003185317,0.0006795964,0.003624102,0.01134713,0.003905944,0.001584635,0.000897787,0.004389574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007187654,0.0003278089,0.0006404903,0.01237538,0.003269293,0.001540755,0.002663599,0.002177277,0.0002133197],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1310879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1691368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9993033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9995967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963134,0.0004561883,0.00009250896,0.0003133038,0.0009347289,0.001889887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940568,0.001107895,0.000777473,0.0001517097,0.002044278,0.00186186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001289366,0.000134491,0.8427663,0.0002440313,0.00007715813,0.0004233798,0.06733567,0.0005594063,0.0001512352,0.02704794,0.01291144,0.04822009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002054424,0.00004058,0.8315542,0.0004831469,0.00005739033,0.0001168591,0.135273,0.001622179,0.0001727187,0.003208765,0.02735555,0.00009506939],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9487222,0.005214775,0.0005470808,0.01703166,0.00006527683,0.0001055523,0.003686892,0.00001460554,0.02461181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921788,0.002294536,0.00040279,0.0007703053,0.00001103141,0.00002753573,0.0007311036,0.000007979418,0.003575827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8689122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9511134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111389223","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v4n3p1","title":"Internationalization, Deregulation and the Expansion of Higher Education in Korea: An Historical Overview","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Deregulation; Government (linguistics); Quality assurance; Political science; Higher education; Business; Control (management); Quality (philosophy); Economic growth; International trade; Economics; Management; Marketing; Market economy; Service (business)","authors":[{"name":"Christopher Green","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05560558756470618,"gpt":0.4005989310105484,"spread":0.3449933434458422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005970604,0.0005015303,0.0002223763,0.003064725,0.001239854,0.003563565,0.0004092416,0.001005736,0.002303967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00058282,0.0003055883,0.0002788733,0.007430767,0.002472276,0.004707289,0.001363811,0.001715651,0.0003057725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002818549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001762634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004656055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006208102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999629,0.0000885617,0.00004895601,0.00008196353,0.00005231747,0.00009913852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996378,0.0001380337,0.0001016886,0.00001910354,0.00006683019,0.00003646158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006928478,0.000117063,0.009860411,0.003147509,0.00004096626,0.001589744,0.009529394,0.001631673,0.0008749714,0.7763482,0.01502274,0.1817681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005105273,0.0001144811,0.02235643,0.00230687,0.00003567709,0.001443711,0.008446286,0.000710195,0.0006624311,0.02917485,0.9346781,0.00006595003],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0831225,0.683379,0.003452195,0.01189253,0.001271808,0.00007838729,0.0003660981,0.00003928947,0.2163983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3529518,0.6290075,0.001985638,0.00241218,0.0009049239,0.00005396372,0.0002406127,0.00003291006,0.01241056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004656055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02045012,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3025093973","doi":"10.1007/s10833-020-09380-5","title":"Large-scale assessments and their effects: The case of mid-stakes tests in Ontario","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Educational Change","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Excellence; Incentive; Equity (law); Transparency (behavior); Psychology; Standardized test; Scale (ratio); Pace; Test (biology); Literacy; Political science; Pedagogy; Economics; Mathematics education; Law; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Andy Hargreaves","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0907132103583014,"gpt":0.3791114910045938,"spread":0.2883982806462925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02434277,0.0004917139,0.0007700205,0.001648091,0.005582884,0.003234338,0.002695362,0.002150337,0.004229585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1359895,0.0004525964,0.0005048648,0.002951922,0.003727785,0.003469442,0.003476502,0.002686409,0.0004445524],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03448345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0549152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9272757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9610855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9794901,0.01146153,0.0006432728,0.001028784,0.004692465,0.002683889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7863542,0.1515372,0.009538953,0.01007083,0.03164849,0.01085036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002709221,0.003177702,0.5907605,0.0005946918,0.0003527233,0.002108318,0.03501081,0.009917397,0.001537009,0.02288365,0.02811014,0.3028378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004975996,0.001081841,0.9129084,0.0005410575,0.0002590265,0.000216503,0.02893975,0.01391244,0.001463553,0.01141443,0.02852662,0.0002386412],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434316,0.001050582,0.002387196,0.01029747,0.00008914495,0.0006479148,0.0007813266,0.0001660711,0.04114866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953073,0.0002054296,0.001405477,0.0002860691,0.00002207506,0.0000995102,0.00008374678,0.00001214679,0.002578381],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07272428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2501961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964617514","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-618x.2004.tb00787.x","title":"Educational Entrepreneurialism in the Private Tutoring Industry: Balancing Profitability with the Humanistic Face of Schooling*","year":2004,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Bureaucracy; Humanities; Legitimacy; Private education; Political science; Sociology; Higher education; Art; Law","authors":[{"name":"Janice Aurini","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05042576353952151,"gpt":0.3136569694445679,"spread":0.2632312059050465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008117484,0.00007201036,0.0001064356,0.0004323825,0.00365839,0.003166297,0.0003076002,0.0003990999,0.004241976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002104311,0.00008264425,0.00006910681,0.0003639851,0.003760571,0.0009444071,0.001970847,0.0004311239,0.0001945657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00888957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01155848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2058002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5694821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994012,0.0001489684,0.00001195045,0.00004189575,0.0001349677,0.0002610677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980221,0.0004688471,0.0003896668,0.00005856553,0.0002260312,0.000834868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001803899,0.0004260377,0.483036,0.000195717,0.00001501484,0.002062337,0.2548158,0.000712672,0.003094236,0.09855708,0.005119817,0.151785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002780234,0.0001843346,0.5514328,0.0001730653,0.00001510774,0.0003905445,0.3160789,0.0011365,0.001040849,0.009145075,0.1203454,0.00002956813],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700692,0.0001910293,0.0004173723,0.002015828,0.00001089529,0.0000142761,0.00001426739,0.000005165997,0.02726191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932849,0.0001005344,0.00008550646,0.00004431403,0.000003553668,0.000002842677,0.000003565651,0.00000120763,0.006473686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2058002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4092047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120096368","doi":"10.1525/can.2005.20.4.534","title":"Longing for the Kollektiv: Gender, Power, and Residential Schools in Central Siberia","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cultural Anthropology","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Sociology; Gender studies; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Alexia Bloch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04987859019438168,"gpt":0.3921667468835995,"spread":0.3422881566892178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001512901,0.0002303674,0.0003823236,0.001096806,0.009786888,0.003270967,0.0004761554,0.0006364353,0.00303625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001506281,0.0001774716,0.0001176478,0.001418353,0.009510381,0.001999109,0.004335092,0.001148228,0.0001921289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004473508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002249429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03891912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08717862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992241,0.0003887777,0.00002600067,0.00005488679,0.00006223439,0.000244081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994178,0.0002432874,0.0001488032,0.0000247802,0.00004246208,0.000122983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004520212,0.0000443519,0.03009995,0.00004204214,0.000006250926,0.0005719751,0.9435581,0.00004448673,0.0003307088,0.01448087,0.0006164817,0.01015962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005378031,0.00003179465,0.06226948,0.0001184664,0.000007514705,0.0001884314,0.9237083,0.00007378728,0.0001859206,0.002519549,0.01088092,0.00001049328],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917232,0.0007898295,0.00005882145,0.001151452,0.00001232934,0.000002534147,0.00001079826,0.000002070335,0.00624895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990332,0.0001699848,0.00001333495,0.00004552878,0.000002928097,0.000001956715,0.000003317741,8.681893e-7,0.0007288186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03891912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07738519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309467076","doi":"10.1186/s40468-022-00201-5","title":"Lessons from the Chinese imperial examination system","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Testing in Asia","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Imperial examination; Language assessment; Linguistics; Set (abstract data type); Psychology; Field (mathematics); History; Pedagogy; Computer science; Philosophy; Ancient history","authors":[{"name":"Barry O’Sullivan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liying Cheng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03157084234721545,"gpt":0.3443788321747615,"spread":0.312807989827546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008311572,0.000298495,0.0004048455,0.001860674,0.005405618,0.004078694,0.001527518,0.001200107,0.004486378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01520154,0.0001965963,0.0003384776,0.00211079,0.01341697,0.002527132,0.005449973,0.002942919,0.0003297221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01741064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01900195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1918537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.108955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931551,0.002938514,0.0003089359,0.0006061274,0.001362853,0.001628613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939728,0.002035828,0.0004065164,0.0009633473,0.001619016,0.001002327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001189679,0.00007652163,0.04715941,0.000142759,0.00002871321,0.001274433,0.05544425,0.0008578754,0.0003743565,0.8128351,0.01527626,0.06641138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002402443,0.0003512296,0.2760895,0.0009899921,0.0001553097,0.001307273,0.07214592,0.01018521,0.002611312,0.2996618,0.335991,0.0002711888],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7050065,0.001593531,0.003820313,0.08625294,0.0005138896,0.0001464041,0.0002523428,0.0001056857,0.2023082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992585,0.0001672906,0.000645015,0.001311145,0.00006315261,0.00003952683,0.00004774725,0.00001140935,0.005129594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1918537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3814741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134334193","doi":"10.1086/431182","title":"Providing for the Priceless Student: Ideologies of Choice in an Emerging Educational Market","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Neoliberalism (international relations); Consumerism; Popularity; School choice; Matching (statistics); Sociology; Public relations; Private sector; Economics; Marketing; Political science; Business; Economic growth; Social science; Market economy; Law; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Scott Davies","is_ca":true},{"name":"Linda Quirke","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03734509738193291,"gpt":0.4385120570582249,"spread":0.401166959676292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007376621,0.0001838501,0.0003217293,0.002709098,0.01006231,0.01103339,0.0007946437,0.001552165,0.001995974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005020035,0.0002033952,0.0002249447,0.001733838,0.03400586,0.004894724,0.004290297,0.002552583,0.0001134127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01393897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005963041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0636619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1163632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964903,0.001923594,0.00007180742,0.0001751749,0.0005099059,0.0008293191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944035,0.003074724,0.0008800381,0.0002198103,0.0004478264,0.0009741009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009360525,0.00009094231,0.05198506,0.00002909298,0.00000787814,0.0006431741,0.5645295,0.0001811652,0.0003084193,0.3713769,0.001149807,0.009604424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005429826,0.00003915241,0.04390744,0.0001338725,0.00001211706,0.0002491979,0.8594517,0.001535506,0.0001668485,0.06913473,0.02527134,0.00004375806],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638323,0.0003230662,0.0006971849,0.005553764,0.00001919395,0.00001086395,0.00001459697,0.000002049382,0.02954698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999307,0.0000803898,0.00009756116,0.0001137816,0.000007165543,0.000002805072,0.000003893869,0.000001572707,0.0003857421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0636619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1265827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168359871","doi":"10.5539/ies.v5n6p80","title":"Analysing the Shadows: Private Tutoring as a Descriptor of the Education System in Georgia","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Equity (law); Shadow (psychology); Quality (philosophy); Mathematics education; Private education; Psychological intervention; School choice; School system; Psychology; Political science; Higher education; Economic growth; Sociology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Tamar Bregvadze","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07281305540758094,"gpt":0.4188842960982603,"spread":0.3460712406906793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001384013,0.0000976071,0.0002594965,0.001786317,0.001664931,0.001859489,0.0004866651,0.0003937754,0.001461285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004967274,0.0001227545,0.0001235705,0.002733302,0.0045148,0.001440843,0.003855162,0.0007903392,0.00006101798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007879927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003640377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1119849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2389362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983727,0.0006665463,0.00005639186,0.0001628475,0.0002509588,0.0004905135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971494,0.00111598,0.0007662156,0.0002472359,0.000324129,0.0003970267],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001893,0.00007916964,0.620982,0.0001665122,0.0000312107,0.000737283,0.260617,0.0007553209,0.001470718,0.04819067,0.002453469,0.06432731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000534335,0.00006323616,0.8549027,0.00008230036,0.00001553541,0.0001029485,0.1325409,0.0007750528,0.0002256952,0.003312178,0.007959435,0.00001466113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944119,0.0001193226,0.000157513,0.0009414142,0.000004937323,0.000008158736,0.00006042339,0.000002811539,0.004293475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996912,0.00003563063,0.00004623175,0.0000280922,0.000001594657,0.000002287161,0.00001668739,0.000001037237,0.0001772545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1119849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2226661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970968440","doi":"10.1007/978-981-13-9863-6_9","title":"Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes in Finnish Schools","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Education policy & social inequality","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Inequality; Socioeconomic status; Equity (law); Tracking (education); Demographic economics; Distribution (mathematics); Political science; Geography; Development economics; Economic growth; Economics; Psychology; Demography; Sociology; Pedagogy; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Katariina Salmela‐Aro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna K. Chmielewski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05599899453606065,"gpt":0.4227467454896679,"spread":0.3667477509536072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009427561,0.0002955429,0.0004384078,0.002015441,0.001627788,0.002916929,0.0006793792,0.0008051885,0.007997219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003350946,0.0002081751,0.0005844095,0.002974335,0.001098206,0.001258919,0.002697669,0.0009760574,0.0004937953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002991527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003354834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07143903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1011889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987225,0.0001900677,0.00005961238,0.0001349167,0.0001661518,0.0007266005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984659,0.0003943664,0.0003084302,0.0000446024,0.0001593137,0.0006274911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004372164,0.0006022865,0.9345596,0.0001415209,0.000247426,0.0007512594,0.005032184,0.001900643,0.0001298134,0.01991938,0.005082488,0.03119613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009417751,0.00008334301,0.990502,0.00009975472,0.00008833497,0.00005440681,0.00372975,0.0004129433,0.00008200944,0.003092778,0.001828317,0.00001702629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9694188,0.003188783,0.00008697026,0.001160772,0.00008594734,0.000008118778,0.00113542,0.00000660465,0.02490855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973169,0.000428482,0.00002108007,0.00002470864,0.00002195817,0.000004830826,0.0003499878,0.000001762261,0.001830311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07143903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1420464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W2060722847","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0064.2008.00216.x","title":"Spatial inequality in children's schooling in Gansu, Western China: reality and challenges","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"China; Inequality; Spatial inequality; Economic growth; Geography; Polarization (electrochemistry); Sociocultural evolution; Sustainable development; Development economics; Political science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Huhua Cao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02698549304887689,"gpt":0.253920703559968,"spread":0.2269352105110911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009721641,0.0002595841,0.0003305981,0.00184206,0.002185772,0.001316724,0.0007181255,0.0003967431,0.001453165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001148676,0.0001874825,0.0001678647,0.004942889,0.0027529,0.0009998274,0.001897795,0.0006226927,0.00006216575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005626545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002980507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4808477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6052899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993361,0.0001610525,0.00003391616,0.00008890592,0.0001094703,0.0002704993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991156,0.0001620766,0.0003044413,0.00003951471,0.0001566158,0.0002217138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004947589,0.00006164454,0.9430577,0.0001195516,0.00003238096,0.0007165825,0.02912079,0.0001512461,0.0002205446,0.004396888,0.001143403,0.02092974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003167267,0.00002033903,0.9726353,0.00005136275,0.000009784942,0.00008886486,0.02501432,0.000126692,0.00003485129,0.0004959652,0.001511417,0.000007956132],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940963,0.0009937118,0.00003589516,0.001816176,0.000007938723,0.000006159014,0.0001702669,0.000002347416,0.002871143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990932,0.0004878493,0.00003536518,0.00007646385,0.0000113037,0.000004761785,0.00007972486,7.187451e-7,0.0002106822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4808477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9560978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W131441381","doi":"","title":"New Markets for Private Education in Canada.","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Canada","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Political science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Scott Davies","is_ca":false},{"name":"Janice Aurini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda Quirke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01678819557029186,"gpt":0.2842039668356523,"spread":0.2674157712653604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001303085,0.0002459827,0.000301278,0.001076783,0.008250287,0.006847753,0.0009633059,0.002815862,0.03671448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005079352,0.0002721494,0.0003537581,0.001795886,0.002378455,0.002925928,0.002116365,0.003376179,0.0008362449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1100093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2370599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9890165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9972351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970373,0.0001642147,0.00003247889,0.0001213225,0.0007601203,0.001884701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943866,0.0004363283,0.0001794082,0.00008896178,0.001612222,0.003296522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001570154,0.00009949982,0.01586425,0.0001215649,0.00001833849,0.0003033282,0.002498993,0.000762044,0.0003103031,0.5272385,0.3898458,0.06278027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009186476,0.00003288123,0.05638099,0.0002600613,0.00002337993,0.00008957015,0.006074931,0.001532322,0.0002847785,0.02788034,0.9072865,0.00006231009],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.134309,0.01618903,0.001779366,0.4575702,0.001903567,0.0002098065,0.006939466,0.0001780281,0.3809216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7259842,0.005228324,0.001399361,0.02084678,0.0004108065,0.00008275175,0.001133015,0.00007056194,0.2448443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1100093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.798177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982005029","doi":"10.1007/s11159-014-9441-1","title":"Revisioning Education for All in the age of migration: Global challenges and opportunities for lifelong learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Lifelong learning; China; Equity (law); Adult education; Immigration; Educational equity; Economic growth; Political science; Sociology; Pedagogy; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Shibao Guo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1491493080790399,"gpt":0.442348198940094,"spread":0.2931988908610541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006044144,0.0005369088,0.0007835859,0.001617107,0.002599773,0.006361747,0.001495901,0.003318652,0.007532008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01359525,0.0001434484,0.0004963814,0.002218128,0.006194279,0.008002987,0.008236048,0.006130188,0.0007156336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004978078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02540851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01521871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03004562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968665,0.001029031,0.0001876807,0.0002062954,0.0004746008,0.001235865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9896236,0.003342815,0.001345909,0.0004442783,0.001807317,0.003435981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008439589,0.0003993014,0.01012515,0.004506556,0.00007219789,0.0003871098,0.01126989,0.0004943167,0.0003520865,0.2731403,0.1298514,0.5693172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004575062,0.0002298443,0.02576486,0.01183751,0.00007583785,0.0003873991,0.03331514,0.0001702837,0.0003347272,0.1212499,0.8065373,0.00005155903],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02722145,0.2410102,0.001050305,0.6859491,0.007841348,0.00004512476,0.0002603761,0.00005581706,0.03656616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5048092,0.3654631,0.002769028,0.0951471,0.0107167,0.0001291741,0.0004680546,0.00006883538,0.02042873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01521871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03611863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2582134689","doi":"10.5070/b86110043","title":"Educating Competitive Students for a Competitive Nation: Why and How Has the Chinese Discourse of Competition in Education Rapidly Changed Within Three Decades?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Berkeley Review of Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Research England","keywords":"Competition (biology); China; Government (linguistics); Chinese education; Political science; Perception; Economic growth; Sociology; Psychology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Xu Zhao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04384964118278065,"gpt":0.3923248883656732,"spread":0.3484752471828925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005932568,0.0003538577,0.0005071488,0.001922047,0.009611231,0.00639265,0.001096351,0.003240317,0.001804515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004664186,0.0001926747,0.0002494058,0.004088367,0.02297183,0.004650839,0.002747899,0.004590799,0.0001608866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02004941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01896793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1100057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1113623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963298,0.001433813,0.0001139086,0.0003743939,0.001215485,0.0005325754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961693,0.002265407,0.0004563185,0.0001125531,0.0006299628,0.0003664504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006619308,0.00003479718,0.008302572,0.0007605315,0.00002334978,0.0009406409,0.4974475,0.0001648576,0.0007019265,0.4339787,0.01950439,0.03807451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005019239,0.0001397405,0.04842657,0.002421777,0.00005345332,0.0004732317,0.4452755,0.0007113456,0.001136543,0.04146172,0.459661,0.000188966],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5138538,0.05461405,0.00113935,0.3308004,0.00213598,0.00004794249,0.0001186371,0.00002058586,0.09726918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669557,0.01280397,0.0002582941,0.01245792,0.0007247486,0.00003334101,0.00003442496,0.00001302424,0.006718694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1100057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2187308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2619099737","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v6n3p99","title":"Speaking in Tongues: Can International Graduate Students Read International Graduate Admissions Materials?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Test of English as a Foreign Language; Reading comprehension; Reading (process); Graduate students; Psychology; Comprehension; Medical education; Mathematics education; Post graduate; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science; English language; Political science","authors":[{"name":"ZW Taylor","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.114100881823429,"gpt":0.478095673194008,"spread":0.3639947913705791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003859486,0.0002792375,0.0004077958,0.001368494,0.001681004,0.005120461,0.0008840195,0.001080309,0.007599843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03464774,0.0003096578,0.0003987371,0.001664019,0.001714718,0.00354755,0.002107078,0.002289527,0.00162704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001393348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002211747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01904839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03175044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972513,0.0007873216,0.0001955709,0.000253789,0.0008359689,0.0006759645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9877714,0.003437637,0.004123208,0.0003889862,0.001691217,0.002587556],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001328447,0.000632991,0.8555402,0.0001226947,0.00002568537,0.0004716171,0.06696996,0.00003873256,0.0004203706,0.001015827,0.007521328,0.06710786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000107216,0.0001588453,0.783068,0.0002688497,0.000036379,0.0002357214,0.2090504,0.000182072,0.0002802573,0.001092576,0.005577786,0.00003837075],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829023,0.0002941812,0.00009482616,0.004541979,0.00005813858,0.00002380815,0.0001281266,0.000009461021,0.01194718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964484,0.0005317282,0.0001523104,0.0008892209,0.00006126978,0.00002308566,0.0002274498,0.000009786369,0.001656719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01904839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03787506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1518166290","doi":"10.1111/cag.12017","title":"Accommodating all applicants? School choice and the regulation of enrolment in Ireland","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Audit; Context (archaeology); Inequality; School choice; Political science; Product (mathematics); Public relations; Sociology; Public administration; Business; Accounting; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Valerie Ledwith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathy Reilly","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01174483101376165,"gpt":0.2419962819669078,"spread":0.2302514509531461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01011586,0.00008812341,0.0004674087,0.001237726,0.002675646,0.00560621,0.001245416,0.00109024,0.004070087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02002851,0.0002528997,0.0004332057,0.001897851,0.006885662,0.002737767,0.005626585,0.001848395,0.0006695645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01061299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008583298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1028097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1599253,"domain_scores_codex":[0.985746,0.005083698,0.000592297,0.0008972023,0.001729475,0.005951309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.986833,0.003826729,0.003084831,0.001107552,0.001529573,0.003618237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005788864,0.0003930641,0.6478052,0.0002253415,0.00005202759,0.0005717408,0.0868047,0.001613536,0.001653064,0.1407,0.01275401,0.1068485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006455485,0.000207733,0.8164033,0.0002618524,0.00001617663,0.000172249,0.1133763,0.001181215,0.0005573466,0.02209185,0.04554238,0.0001249781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9357134,0.0003298677,0.001038707,0.01285591,0.00003794407,0.00005358386,0.0002118943,0.00001742639,0.04974123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974365,0.00006165484,0.00009684906,0.0003925639,0.00001343545,0.00001999123,0.00003518804,0.000006000888,0.001937898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1028097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2044225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131262193","doi":"10.1007/s12564-009-9007-2","title":"Isn’t it a pyrrhic victory?: over-privatization and universal access in tertiary education of Korea","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asia Pacific Education Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Engineers Without Borders Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Disadvantaged; Socioeconomic status; Higher education; Victory; Phenomenon; Access to Higher Education; Inequality; Economic growth; Political science; Sociology; Development economics; Economics; Politics; Law; Mathematics; Demography; Population","authors":[{"name":"Ki‐Seok Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yong-Je Woo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02113246007491358,"gpt":0.3670980514266204,"spread":0.3459655913517068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001671075,0.000104389,0.0001673801,0.0006801034,0.0004158869,0.002251272,0.0004567785,0.0005988939,0.003330997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002344358,0.0000915049,0.0002572739,0.001357214,0.0009792019,0.002406443,0.001372652,0.0006485732,0.00007869172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002131935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007025653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01728932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03759691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992932,0.0001881596,0.00007378802,0.00005949816,0.00009568551,0.0002897184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984849,0.0004158017,0.0004982801,0.00005016704,0.0002564745,0.000294339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008399836,0.0003429799,0.220327,0.009647666,0.0005942232,0.002206582,0.01012555,0.001634931,0.003046852,0.1977538,0.0404837,0.5129968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001077338,0.0004181401,0.6828646,0.0039377,0.0008401219,0.001704673,0.03696124,0.0007678051,0.002340808,0.02524656,0.2447081,0.0001025021],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6826121,0.1633122,0.0004008508,0.122592,0.0006846692,0.00002668106,0.0003602415,0.00001876181,0.02999254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9740697,0.02120634,0.00008780636,0.002896334,0.00009410945,0.000005077586,0.0000530477,0.000003011712,0.00158467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01728932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03437734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135980787","doi":"10.3402/edui.v4i1.22067","title":"“A raw, emotional thing”","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Inquiry","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Conflation; Redress; Ethnic group; Commodification; Disadvantage; Realm; Sociology; School choice; Equity (law); Ethnic studies; Education policy; Sociology of Education; Gender studies; Public relations; Political science; Social science; Higher education; Law; Epistemology; Economics; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Kalervo Ν. Gulson","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Taylor Webb","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05050053861090214,"gpt":0.3784830066604619,"spread":0.3279824680495598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005298679,0.0005434787,0.0004808022,0.0006265736,0.007677527,0.007347145,0.0009485996,0.003273818,0.006214595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009040912,0.0001876454,0.000351694,0.0005697384,0.05071562,0.01006378,0.00577386,0.009774276,0.002322487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00252876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002568486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005796739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006501386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952366,0.002698416,0.00009306219,0.0004344728,0.001017835,0.0005195689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951898,0.001372826,0.0005096626,0.0007881086,0.00132485,0.0008148371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005010841,0.0000350819,0.001783381,0.0002038548,0.00003383224,0.0004216942,0.09485492,0.0001197115,0.00126627,0.7277005,0.1570428,0.01648783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009263022,0.00004177288,0.001277559,0.0003187389,0.00001363044,0.0004455799,0.070659,0.0001257959,0.0004153579,0.1331434,0.7934998,0.00005008608],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0356048,0.008821576,0.01458753,0.5960681,0.01060471,0.00004463266,0.0002371657,0.0002822095,0.3337493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6955179,0.003816053,0.004908808,0.1613089,0.004374538,0.00009214719,0.000153721,0.0002196382,0.1296082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007677527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02802241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133232757","doi":"10.3386/w19607","title":"Credit Constraints and the Racial Gap in Post-Secondary Education in South Africa","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; University of Cape Town; National Research Foundation; Fogarty International Center; International Development Research Centre; University of Michigan; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","keywords":"Business; Economics; Geography; Political science","authors":[{"name":"David Lam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cally Ardington","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicola Branson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Murray Leibbrandt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2922707975026297,"gpt":0.5241431305171772,"spread":0.2318723330145475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006067814,0.0001514795,0.0001784079,0.0008584817,0.0006178183,0.000706617,0.0002298117,0.0002417098,0.004833961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002755617,0.0001046633,0.0002663636,0.001435464,0.0003250758,0.0005948673,0.001059562,0.0004864474,0.0002561053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005658956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008910105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05630922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1053031,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999655,0.00008502151,0.00001610124,0.00002795473,0.00006337332,0.0001524885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983534,0.0003487803,0.0008585017,0.00004812055,0.0001168331,0.0002742939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006321272,0.00006755179,0.9844875,0.00004080475,0.00002849343,0.0002096891,0.002244632,0.0002821275,0.0002863223,0.001712509,0.0006776195,0.009899527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003515729,0.00001883871,0.9957978,0.00004987972,0.00001034739,0.00006919067,0.001886104,0.0003185981,0.00008796738,0.0002538436,0.001501001,0.000002917696],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99621,0.0004153064,0.00009360506,0.0006560491,0.000007015366,0.000009781454,0.0006001134,0.000001833493,0.002006354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987848,0.0002848718,0.00004513973,0.00004260298,0.000009789168,0.000008047943,0.0002356361,0.000001102255,0.0005880456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05630922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1119629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144949256","doi":"10.13060/00380288.2007.43.3.04","title":"The Impact of the Structure of the Education System on the Development of Educational Inequalities in the Czech Republic","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Czech Sociological Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation","keywords":"Czech; Tracking (education); Mathematics education; Inequality; Demographic economics; Political science; Geography; Psychology; Pedagogy; Mathematics; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Jana Straková","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08932157473837891,"gpt":0.4220415422523213,"spread":0.3327199675139424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018081,0.0001384786,0.0003621605,0.002925287,0.0009477003,0.002794896,0.0004373686,0.000246531,0.001990489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00513395,0.0001364089,0.0004504753,0.003953854,0.001516336,0.0008509953,0.002630329,0.00051514,0.0001068034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005003025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007195225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05697013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06207962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997399,0.0006938145,0.0002251846,0.0002760696,0.0006021995,0.0008037811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976135,0.0005683579,0.00084152,0.0001608681,0.0004645658,0.0003512001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005544862,0.0002753604,0.7490768,0.001443819,0.0006101714,0.000901473,0.005695404,0.006442964,0.002523279,0.07825489,0.001526158,0.1526951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019112,0.00008507336,0.9880484,0.0003265916,0.0001065459,0.0001077877,0.001955495,0.000329172,0.0002944921,0.001708461,0.006998114,0.00002080207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735606,0.01004835,0.0003884527,0.001267845,0.00002493742,0.00002857993,0.0003358788,0.000009626747,0.01433577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984801,0.001147362,0.00006734548,0.00002621882,0.000004963625,0.000003889164,0.00004792258,0.00000157309,0.0002205894],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05697013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.113277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901754519","doi":"10.1080/07256868.2018.1533541","title":"<i>In Anticipation</i> : Educational (Im)mobilities, Structural Disadvantage, and Young People’s Futures","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Intercultural Studies","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Nature; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; University of Oxford; University of British Columbia; Universiteit Utrecht; University College London","keywords":"Mobilities; Anticipation (artificial intelligence); Futures contract; Disadvantage; Memoir; Sociology; Formative assessment; Gender studies; Social science; Pedagogy; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Johanna Waters","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03134595985881267,"gpt":0.4103431166106686,"spread":0.3789971567518559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003176278,0.0002513938,0.0002157383,0.0006418298,0.00582748,0.00587654,0.0005991642,0.0009206237,0.003233228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003024755,0.0002644372,0.0002845085,0.0005834906,0.009958928,0.005103415,0.005593093,0.001957802,0.0002323669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003018026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0036753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02984097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03464058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985903,0.000649449,0.00006173758,0.00009655232,0.000116026,0.000485864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998179,0.0005814711,0.000384977,0.00008301703,0.0001671348,0.0006044963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002977166,0.00003017182,0.03605083,0.00006444485,0.000007288563,0.0007504317,0.939685,0.00006371336,0.000266895,0.01715064,0.0007046034,0.005196279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000187131,0.00002164198,0.01105384,0.00006186541,0.000004244385,0.0001413201,0.9788601,0.00003688984,0.0001086072,0.001639433,0.008057298,0.00001293731],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807163,0.0004342542,0.0004198973,0.003922373,0.00005115655,0.00001452949,0.00004055265,0.000005635026,0.01439528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983565,0.0001717395,0.00007963767,0.0001585927,0.00000519331,0.000006853744,0.00001030324,0.000002932304,0.00120806],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02984097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05933458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1607461091","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1605","title":"A cultural-historical activity theory investigation of contradictions in open and distance higher education among alienated adult learners in Korea National Open University","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Sociology; Institution; Higher education; Curriculum; Competition (biology); Bureaucracy; Pedagogy; Compromise; Viewpoints; Activity theory; Open education; Variety (cybernetics); Public relations; Social science; Political science","authors":[{"name":"K. P. Joo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1012099816610957,"gpt":0.4386328433862124,"spread":0.3374228617251167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007261512,0.0002540035,0.0003434051,0.002389401,0.004866471,0.005499269,0.001100064,0.0006955257,0.001452866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006292012,0.0002782352,0.0003344568,0.002465066,0.01031533,0.004718477,0.005529684,0.001419972,0.00007979808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004759961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004544151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006426558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0117234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955995,0.002852293,0.0002136388,0.0003432985,0.0005534661,0.0004378031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938666,0.003365192,0.001425929,0.0003145425,0.0006174368,0.0004103648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002977088,0.00009527326,0.0491905,0.0001648454,0.00001995549,0.0006289589,0.8866441,0.00007735761,0.0003602807,0.04699646,0.0003567004,0.01543581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005420563,0.00002545877,0.02260255,0.0001538971,0.00001638123,0.0001969999,0.9626359,0.0002815509,0.0001620483,0.005620603,0.008284866,0.00001436091],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851538,0.0007978759,0.001774103,0.00147215,0.00002084557,0.00003487705,0.00001370735,0.000002302845,0.01073036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989454,0.0002931911,0.0003023647,0.00009108303,0.000003035421,0.00001487169,0.000007816871,0.00000131632,0.0003409645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007261512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03840303,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032975940","doi":"10.1007/s11135-011-9525-y","title":"Toward a universal higher education system: a case study of Taiwan","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quality & Quantity","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Dilemma; Higher education; Government (linguistics); Elite; Quality assurance; Human capital; Quality (philosophy); Political science; Perspective (graphical); Economic growth; Public policy; Public administration; Public relations; Business; Economics; Marketing","authors":[{"name":"Ching-Hsiao Chiang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2554266762840506,"gpt":0.4159922699972142,"spread":0.1605655937131636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001370344,0.000196192,0.0002591143,0.000796924,0.005914589,0.00281968,0.0009865509,0.001530419,0.003957952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002769752,0.000174823,0.0002681416,0.001752792,0.002338818,0.001527659,0.00339938,0.001589634,0.000192969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005363624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005911711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1043446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2029556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988638,0.0004047968,0.00004201683,0.00007953244,0.00008323364,0.0005265702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998147,0.0004916669,0.0002740056,0.0001427714,0.0001988402,0.0007456645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003962948,0.002305556,0.5317702,0.0002589657,0.0001054007,0.04274362,0.2976742,0.002504803,0.004635305,0.05676769,0.003434303,0.05740351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001070407,0.0007756041,0.3106132,0.0002724879,0.0001167106,0.004498444,0.6486541,0.005962906,0.001929099,0.003649984,0.02334317,0.00007737538],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971199,0.00002908705,0.0001061209,0.0004415218,0.000002406954,0.00001678418,0.00001062107,0.000002291255,0.002271298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986022,0.00003400256,0.0001527254,0.00008872488,0.000001666839,0.000009265327,0.0000133044,0.000002760267,0.001095349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1043446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2074745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2509493350","doi":"10.5206/cie-eci.v41i3.9210","title":"Exploiting globalization while being exploited by it:Insights from post-Soviet education reforms in Central Asia","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative and International Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Globalization; Political science; Central asia; Meaning (existential); Global education; Reflexivity; Political economy; Sociology; Social science; Economics; Law; International trade; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Sarfaroz Niyozov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nazarkhudo Dastambuev","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05078247791946145,"gpt":0.3604719154150081,"spread":0.3096894374955466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004933962,0.0003495529,0.000664975,0.002566763,0.01222454,0.01501189,0.001276466,0.002125652,0.003079425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004136073,0.0002998492,0.0003153882,0.005336405,0.02294154,0.006732332,0.01279291,0.005659959,0.0001393744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01766717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0127408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05183943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08386256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964377,0.001527063,0.00007402268,0.0001218494,0.0002340946,0.001605303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968817,0.001693023,0.0005299674,0.000117023,0.0001995896,0.0005785991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004075231,0.0001003764,0.006989657,0.0001108405,0.00001135651,0.0009009976,0.8838866,0.0001463444,0.0001967191,0.09824118,0.001296908,0.008078282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007964388,0.0000337024,0.01554023,0.0002809885,0.00001037923,0.0001166177,0.9471256,0.0000938884,0.0001759988,0.006243298,0.03035937,0.0000119366],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9084227,0.002498743,0.0002308054,0.01306188,0.00005635158,0.00003116598,0.00002919622,0.000007029429,0.07566217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996375,0.0008998063,0.00004227358,0.0007246902,0.00001774133,0.000017201,0.00001161178,0.000006193371,0.001905395],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05183943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1281849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043225508","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2013.10.001","title":"The changing determinants of high school attainment in rural China","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"China Economic Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; International Development Research Centre; Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Instrumental variable; Educational attainment; Demographic economics; China; Multilevel model; Estimation; Economics; Panel data; Rural area; Consolidation (business); Economic growth; Geography; Econometrics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Juan Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Terry Sicular","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lai De-sheng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01733091867437462,"gpt":0.317746627592103,"spread":0.3004157089177284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008573944,0.0001774114,0.0003292795,0.002389511,0.0008994366,0.001273225,0.0004334009,0.0002944803,0.002220052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001660149,0.0001331176,0.0002828279,0.004966494,0.0007607869,0.0007098016,0.00103529,0.0005909774,0.0001075681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002979633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004092054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2094569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2893737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995297,0.00009006826,0.00003112794,0.00004623574,0.00006780954,0.0002350821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988563,0.0001525517,0.0003278101,0.00005376295,0.0002393466,0.0003702834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008259677,0.00009054368,0.9619896,0.0001497765,0.0001185523,0.000225235,0.003000197,0.000514093,0.0003211473,0.006346125,0.00198689,0.02517523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000199295,0.00001215011,0.9973084,0.00001805292,0.00001859815,0.000007325994,0.001050326,0.0001398491,0.00002380427,0.0002369805,0.001178959,0.000003526547],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889403,0.004238433,0.00007324396,0.002698308,0.00003791268,0.000008679783,0.0004915273,0.000006549652,0.003504937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984185,0.0009535854,0.00001472793,0.00006411314,0.00001844608,0.000002358886,0.000139529,0.000001281438,0.0003875427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2094569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4164754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2741360054","doi":"10.1007/s10671-017-9221-3","title":"Shadowing the International Baccalaureate: private supplementary tutoring for the diploma programme in China","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Research for Policy and Practice","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Mathematics education; Private school; Quarter (Canadian coin); Remedial education; China; Private practice; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Family medicine; Political science; Law; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Moosung Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Siyuan Feng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3011052411044249,"gpt":0.571634861401615,"spread":0.2705296202971901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003537589,0.0003465482,0.0005549407,0.00108836,0.004251495,0.002453877,0.002188221,0.001969212,0.01694008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005061083,0.0002898457,0.0004396612,0.001199878,0.002110359,0.001701615,0.005017108,0.001684351,0.0006620981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009615989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05752657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1566042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2579373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968038,0.0005479482,0.00005775772,0.0002059057,0.0002620126,0.002122564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911399,0.0005463479,0.0003533177,0.0002395496,0.0004514531,0.007269436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002080049,0.003733733,0.4669535,0.0004818067,0.00009846292,0.00225729,0.03316245,0.004179792,0.005905311,0.06707543,0.06519898,0.3488732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005449759,0.001295128,0.8983983,0.0002010957,0.0001467626,0.000209535,0.03025228,0.008316839,0.00207208,0.007142109,0.05130297,0.0001179774],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790747,0.0003240844,0.0004187865,0.008615153,0.0001891794,0.0001350142,0.0001677333,0.00008578828,0.01098963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914438,0.00005823479,0.0001881544,0.0004219134,0.00004055785,0.00005518683,0.00006067987,0.000007799758,0.007723753],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1566042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3113853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028559953","doi":"10.1177/0020872814539987","title":"A production of education migrants: A case study of South Korean transnational families in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Social Work","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Citizenship; Limiting; Immigration; Production (economics); Migrant workers; Political science; Economic growth; Sociology; Development economics; Demographic economics; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Eunjung Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marjorie Johnstone","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.020484869520868,"gpt":0.3088811663755695,"spread":0.2883962968547015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008654922,0.000631269,0.0004872653,0.00149179,0.0266232,0.003202416,0.00168284,0.001259655,0.00376448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001829445,0.0003756686,0.0003321296,0.003089974,0.004072398,0.001015752,0.004157112,0.001437603,0.0002403533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03289255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04241634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9501984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9847698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988014,0.0002631812,0.00002686274,0.0001001802,0.0001261242,0.0006822661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990226,0.0001785937,0.0001137065,0.00004405269,0.0002111643,0.0004298105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009667358,0.000162943,0.08657441,0.0001491977,0.00001977215,0.02537765,0.863185,0.0001454576,0.001157312,0.0042918,0.001986404,0.01685332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003396999,0.00002339942,0.02039563,0.00005623882,0.00000956884,0.00112294,0.9713085,0.00007579187,0.0001396005,0.0001126904,0.006740516,0.00001164081],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949017,0.000329757,0.0001088961,0.000664815,0.00001126674,0.00004668188,0.00008309376,0.000003638115,0.003850117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934646,0.0009220109,0.0003361913,0.0002553425,0.000004763756,0.00002667246,0.00007118846,0.00001212173,0.004907041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04980159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2386533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085489651","doi":"10.2304/eerj.2005.4.1.6","title":"Travelling Policy and Local Spaces in the Republic of Tajikistan: A Comparison of the Attitudes of Tajikistan and the World Bank towards Textbook Provision","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Educational Research Journal","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Curriculum; Political science; Public relations; Economic growth; Public administration; Sociology; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Stephen A. Bahry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1117216627734035,"gpt":0.4698704969775966,"spread":0.3581488342041931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002612401,0.0001537728,0.0002300674,0.0009900192,0.005822168,0.004032591,0.000676524,0.000855791,0.004421763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00436769,0.0002713923,0.000187707,0.002421036,0.005108245,0.001443053,0.002480819,0.001443094,0.0003765598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008587661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00537243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09614442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1531966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983044,0.000786958,0.00007225545,0.00006655887,0.0001831984,0.0005866755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974428,0.0007540478,0.0007444886,0.00007537642,0.0003328607,0.000650477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002859372,0.0002183045,0.1890681,0.0003974596,0.00004154231,0.001439614,0.7616299,0.000289749,0.001650333,0.01041811,0.003467453,0.03109349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001826188,0.0001105401,0.2577966,0.0002161203,0.00001797927,0.0001694886,0.7235979,0.0001281244,0.0002915259,0.0002773693,0.01734586,0.0000302535],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923104,0.0002257431,0.00003429051,0.002324539,0.00001131489,0.000009549103,0.00002349398,0.000003232859,0.005057456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974509,0.0003006668,0.00003955533,0.0003851986,0.000003696367,0.00001256229,0.00001814867,0.000002092289,0.001787269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09614442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1911696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2461813885","doi":"10.1007/978-981-10-0360-8_10","title":"Politics and Argumentation in Financial Literacy Education Policy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Pathos; Argumentation theory; Premise; Ethos; Politics; Inclusion (mineral); Political science; Financial literacy; Education policy; Logos Bible Software; Positive economics; Public administration; Sociology; Public relations; Epistemology; Economics; Social science; Finance; Law; Higher education; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Laura Elizabeth Pinto","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0177658521487501,"gpt":0.3576395305987063,"spread":0.3398736784499563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00283217,0.0006700593,0.0004334614,0.001454022,0.005007466,0.01219275,0.0008218266,0.005667473,0.01493723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00559733,0.000302321,0.0002626662,0.001749741,0.01581776,0.00782796,0.00300771,0.006866909,0.002293699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007840606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005301209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004808901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008293889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972452,0.001748202,0.00007853576,0.0001897184,0.0005034557,0.0002348583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974497,0.002092292,0.00008738617,0.00008612158,0.0001773174,0.0001071704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001574264,0.000004531236,0.0000134319,0.00001246184,6.181825e-7,0.000009562576,0.0009065809,0.00004881215,0.000008473637,0.987532,0.00766943,0.00379259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004441057,0.000002092785,0.00006768294,0.0002469269,0.00000169722,0.00001827027,0.0009090255,0.0001764012,0.00005206951,0.8374445,0.1610729,0.000004073956],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002615253,0.01088255,0.002884583,0.03047996,0.001098641,0.00001492011,0.00002361327,0.00001520374,0.9519853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3775006,0.01307574,0.002533703,0.01258159,0.003077716,0.0001805167,0.00007654237,0.0001492755,0.5908243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01493723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05688781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393228018","doi":"10.1007/s12564-024-09959-0","title":"An introduction to the difference-in-differences design in education policy research","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asia Pacific Education Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Disadvantaged; Scholarship; Key (lock); Mathematics education; Natural experiment; Code (set theory); Higher education; Computer science; Psychology; Management science; Set (abstract data type); Engineering; Economic growth; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Corral","is_ca":true},{"name":"Minseok Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1157498116642925,"gpt":0.482139480538689,"spread":0.3663896688743965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06614546,0.001914086,0.003521817,0.004498559,0.002285546,0.006801412,0.004425454,0.005732108,0.014311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1090984,0.001211447,0.003959791,0.007933755,0.01198721,0.007498886,0.005109577,0.01177151,0.001985066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004465988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005712707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003723834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005768056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8961608,0.0928228,0.003793642,0.002831284,0.003678751,0.0007127203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7658423,0.2222062,0.002845909,0.004870021,0.003555076,0.0006805529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009149389,0.00008269079,0.0007133122,0.002376381,0.000206759,0.000074326,0.0007778082,0.0006314213,0.0001253891,0.9119563,0.03598571,0.04697831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001680475,0.0001671964,0.0009921555,0.002918127,0.0001723449,0.0001484143,0.0005412673,0.002191334,0.0001645755,0.7673749,0.2250633,0.00009840843],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002643692,0.1697899,0.6133349,0.1191172,0.04874445,0.002051346,0.00306233,0.0004576317,0.04079856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06410436,0.09881531,0.7039115,0.07543511,0.02749876,0.01756025,0.001209585,0.0005837237,0.0108813],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06614546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3498148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2284946094","doi":"10.1007/978-94-6209-237-2_2","title":"Private Tutoring and Social Equity in Croatia and Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SensePublishers eBooks","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Equity (law); Bosnia herzegovina; Educational inequality; Inequality; Educational equity; Political science; Demographic economics; Social inequality; Empirical research; Sociology; Economic growth; Social science; Economics; Law; Ethnology","authors":[{"name":"Boris Jokić","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Soldo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zrinka Ristić Dedić","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0679562083780112,"gpt":0.3352122687514101,"spread":0.2672560603733989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000635072,0.0001300512,0.0002054774,0.0008437905,0.001506999,0.002288403,0.0004073884,0.0004056631,0.004339843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006926384,0.00008225632,0.0001058947,0.0008755524,0.002350591,0.001016579,0.001810258,0.0007011309,0.0001286129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002638306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002168966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03262492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07937545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994853,0.0001394506,0.00001106541,0.00005171896,0.0000562626,0.000256209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996743,0.000056696,0.00007571468,0.000008723732,0.00002500675,0.0001596104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004293727,0.0008379794,0.2381473,0.0003749828,0.00007215702,0.0007137727,0.03563616,0.0008369535,0.0007271759,0.3162214,0.02186582,0.3841368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005102131,0.0001741309,0.8932037,0.0008393356,0.00003529646,0.0003217889,0.02478983,0.0006334314,0.0002402868,0.01687478,0.06281634,0.00001994823],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8951649,0.02749675,0.0001925895,0.00576376,0.0002113806,0.0000161773,0.0001304847,0.000009811421,0.07101417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957516,0.001805751,0.00005062148,0.0001068099,0.00005213587,0.000003414619,0.00002780555,0.000001286244,0.002200565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03262492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06487006,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285818209","doi":"10.2991/assehr.k.220704.205","title":"The Impact of the Double Reduction Policy on the Development of Quality-oriented Education","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Equity (law); Reduction (mathematics); Quality (philosophy); Education policy; Computer science; Political science; Higher education; Economic growth; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Yina Yao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1549231537927223,"gpt":0.5462452154237606,"spread":0.3913220616310383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01564975,0.0005092788,0.0004903507,0.002865302,0.002769133,0.008510563,0.00170686,0.003859015,0.006410417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02922459,0.0003874211,0.001178093,0.002679008,0.004193886,0.006337381,0.007479824,0.005989413,0.0004895908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01641941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04231988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04928254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02960608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9802988,0.004270415,0.001034903,0.001873384,0.008731613,0.0037909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9812993,0.005978476,0.002369421,0.001673761,0.006455772,0.002223226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001580988,0.0001328517,0.01026188,0.001019153,0.00007845872,0.0004007824,0.002851211,0.001686257,0.001586166,0.8526222,0.0441746,0.08502835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001769629,0.0002449015,0.05510653,0.00274889,0.000217221,0.0003752147,0.00388598,0.004518775,0.005072761,0.1110114,0.8164393,0.0002020622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1515316,0.02207184,0.0304523,0.3605672,0.005732004,0.0006782478,0.001914666,0.0005580392,0.4264941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.883249,0.00656898,0.009263857,0.05645873,0.001102345,0.0004440494,0.0006071392,0.0001251338,0.04218087],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04928254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1191317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W377538278","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-3524-0_10","title":"Teachers Surviving to Teach: Implications for Post-Soviet Education and Society in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Central asia; Everyday life; Political science; Coping (psychology); Sociology; Pedagogy; Social science; Psychology; History; Law; Ancient history","authors":[{"name":"Sarfaroz Niyozov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Duishon Shamatov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03275890608749892,"gpt":0.3524746615014307,"spread":0.3197157554139318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001356502,0.0002521985,0.0003182273,0.0006759028,0.01423244,0.007042533,0.0009578131,0.001201205,0.004058027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001250349,0.0001627375,0.000237145,0.002065131,0.007383408,0.003686138,0.00407648,0.003714435,0.0002633636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01140499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0245028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1060055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2565491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990754,0.0002382437,0.00002539836,0.00005096999,0.00006447439,0.0005455402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995098,0.0001345236,0.00007741369,0.00001821062,0.00008113643,0.0001788409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005521038,0.00009553382,0.01161251,0.0001333061,0.000008065997,0.0007403478,0.4162315,0.0002236722,0.0002876123,0.5067207,0.01608542,0.04780611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002430059,0.00007125388,0.03991408,0.0005036668,0.00002909144,0.0002288795,0.6476651,0.0001660453,0.0003492057,0.03828949,0.2727383,0.00002060359],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6256481,0.03138224,0.00063305,0.1002818,0.00112804,0.00005961338,0.0001542246,0.00003825465,0.2406747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9573593,0.006400886,0.0002533557,0.001578741,0.00009642717,0.00003826715,0.00004746879,0.00001501928,0.03421054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1060055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2107769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156224024","doi":"10.55016/ojs/ajer.v49i2.54974","title":"Affordances and Constraints of Immigrant Chinese Parental Expectations on Children's School Performance","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Journal of Educational Research","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Affordance; Immigration; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Cognitive psychology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Jun Li","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03895908879532392,"gpt":0.4028630371932886,"spread":0.3639039483979647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001002156,0.0002125547,0.0001874788,0.0005662358,0.001179506,0.001205495,0.000280666,0.0002114625,0.001704998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003113686,0.0001664763,0.0002324343,0.0005600642,0.001365475,0.0004143394,0.001563468,0.0004523147,0.00007097607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001633364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001498606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05812241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1004814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999181,0.0002674319,0.00005505469,0.000061404,0.0001922558,0.0002429312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978414,0.0008134436,0.0005841342,0.0001106312,0.0001980513,0.0004523167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001448593,0.0001034189,0.8972431,0.00004979205,0.00004666685,0.001045447,0.08050543,0.0002287293,0.001886877,0.00226308,0.0002054115,0.01627711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003210597,0.00004462481,0.9475289,0.00003399377,0.00001972695,0.0001483426,0.05086151,0.0001418735,0.0002537545,0.0002175606,0.0007312291,0.00001521598],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985332,0.00005037582,0.00001597846,0.00004802784,7.964804e-7,0.000001313512,0.00001686814,5.766177e-7,0.001332752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998368,0.0000349406,0.00002015726,0.000004169352,6.57684e-7,0.00000171833,0.00001036291,3.867085e-7,0.00009066386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05812241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1155682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221103426","doi":"10.1111/1467-8268.12626","title":"What drives demand for private tutoring in the Middle East and North Africa region? Evidence from a Youth Survey","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Development Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Empirical evidence; Middle East; Probit model; Ordered probit; Economic growth; Survey data collection; Probit; Political science; Economics; Demographic economics; Geography; Business; Development economics","authors":[{"name":"Ali Fakih","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathir Haimoun","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anastasia Sleiman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2982356465548628,"gpt":0.3320718888459621,"spread":0.03383624229109933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00104324,0.0001440905,0.0002188036,0.0007613139,0.0002728062,0.0007685939,0.0003000571,0.0002738034,0.002099493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003279019,0.0001289948,0.0002207829,0.001889767,0.0002585775,0.000502183,0.0004910355,0.0003852337,0.0002239927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005615103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007540387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03820223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05164684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993677,0.0002886412,0.00004993814,0.00006526941,0.0000650544,0.0001634631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973124,0.0008029743,0.001213681,0.00005281251,0.0002744209,0.0003436985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002258961,0.00003282659,0.9917151,0.00009046501,0.00003275404,0.000107143,0.001568194,0.0000517176,0.00004923951,0.0002777956,0.000591626,0.005460519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002575305,0.00002115562,0.9908925,0.0001409159,0.0000220283,0.00004794728,0.00720961,0.0001321747,0.00004096848,0.00006361974,0.0014237,0.00000276165],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962782,0.001441163,0.00004134673,0.0005070653,0.000007262901,0.000005659526,0.0007698996,0.000001147976,0.0009482272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982849,0.001092403,0.00003284235,0.00004651491,0.000007322056,0.000007236862,0.0003112651,7.592673e-7,0.0002166422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03820223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07595974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2788532578","doi":"10.1007/s12564-018-9521-1","title":"The effectiveness and efficiency of China’s special admission policies: the case of X University","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asia Pacific Education Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ryerson University","keywords":"Disadvantaged; Elite; China; Equity (law); Proxy (statistics); Higher education; Cohort; Academic achievement; Central government; Political science; Psychology; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Business; Local government; Public administration; Mathematics education; Medicine; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Sunny Xinchun Niu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guofang Wan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01723598250242642,"gpt":0.3452917175255399,"spread":0.3280557350231135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01296359,0.0004005807,0.0009286746,0.004019463,0.001642458,0.004364789,0.001542471,0.001460728,0.003100303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01519155,0.0002172184,0.0008824323,0.005853631,0.003566103,0.002230422,0.002202906,0.001641677,0.0001314177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0127348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02573035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1064079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921386,0.003068997,0.0003838293,0.000306225,0.001719283,0.002383141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9897049,0.004829206,0.001757757,0.0004381779,0.002416178,0.0008537082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001314725,0.0004486188,0.109425,0.005673469,0.001461202,0.0007533025,0.005569672,0.01178861,0.0008071646,0.4413226,0.02643278,0.3950028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007680781,0.001480578,0.6968702,0.00887819,0.003064409,0.0003739521,0.01410997,0.009129312,0.003437976,0.0616407,0.2000125,0.0002340685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5913474,0.2407031,0.001516788,0.07160115,0.001015123,0.0001406936,0.0005036427,0.00005183849,0.09312033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9644392,0.03084609,0.0002315586,0.001900122,0.0002900122,0.0000262619,0.00009437362,0.000006981403,0.002165334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1064079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2115771,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379739901","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2023.102001","title":"Educational differences in parental time devoted to childcare in China","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"China Economic Review","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"China; Demographic economics; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Sociology; Political science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Fenglian Du","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiao‐yuan Dong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yinyu Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02912850015724014,"gpt":0.344903059243564,"spread":0.3157745590863238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008390201,0.0002232081,0.000305904,0.002683031,0.0004627467,0.0007116213,0.0003641736,0.0002318309,0.001809083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001217391,0.0001213322,0.0004222757,0.005703362,0.0003509622,0.0003965276,0.0006202414,0.000384793,0.00007438196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002350532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002661285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.188947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2736619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996605,0.00005223317,0.00004386878,0.00004523716,0.00006937864,0.0001288496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990979,0.000161231,0.0002874742,0.00003977146,0.0001895557,0.0002239046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001716602,0.00008067119,0.9491243,0.0004985153,0.000423302,0.0002357682,0.00190167,0.000627819,0.0002396232,0.004516277,0.002896572,0.03928388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002505656,0.00001112149,0.9979665,0.0000431835,0.00004621761,0.00001170428,0.0003232665,0.00009136873,0.00001923611,0.00008736793,0.00139401,0.000003582717],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9698865,0.02269323,0.000088008,0.001872928,0.0001012923,0.000008552824,0.001536404,0.000005648081,0.003807388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921158,0.00608957,0.00003955738,0.0001175455,0.00003912058,0.000005646166,0.0008490685,0.000002260191,0.0007413297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.188947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3756943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980327557","doi":"10.1007/s11125-006-9009-3","title":"Educational Inequalities in the Czech Republic","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Prospects","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Czech; Inequality; Political science; Sociology; Economic growth; Economics; Mathematics; Linguistics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Jana Straková","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vladislav Tomášek","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Douglas Willms","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03378582031440407,"gpt":0.3332445762196966,"spread":0.2994587559052925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00152193,0.0002659324,0.0005568704,0.003402732,0.002291682,0.004933035,0.0007278795,0.0008005415,0.003940032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002918038,0.0002269561,0.0006466999,0.00346508,0.002144082,0.00176707,0.005158128,0.002188927,0.0001730902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009632797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01436173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1617087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1999872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980612,0.0002354043,0.0001304533,0.0001751984,0.0002043103,0.001193509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987025,0.0001959998,0.0002496564,0.00007251627,0.00023301,0.0005462376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001869494,0.0005491619,0.2746279,0.001258671,0.000692059,0.002315624,0.009704648,0.01030882,0.003341693,0.5872556,0.01658992,0.09148645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001419399,0.0001147775,0.928552,0.0005249235,0.0001629479,0.0003200204,0.006231494,0.001159749,0.0006472092,0.01818235,0.0438633,0.00009942355],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9139436,0.01245197,0.0003834073,0.01343622,0.0002213882,0.00005449869,0.001633426,0.00003772124,0.05783767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961288,0.001144926,0.00006116496,0.0003714468,0.00003230017,0.00001269175,0.0001696346,0.000005317204,0.002073724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1617087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3215349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047148252","doi":"10.1007/s11159-014-9445-x","title":"Lifelong learning in the new millennium: Voices from the XV World Congress of Comparative Education Societies","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Education","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Lifelong learning; Political science; Theme (computing); Credence; Literacy; Higher education; Economic growth; Sociology; Pedagogy; Public relations; Law","authors":[{"name":"Suzanne Majhanovich","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diane Brook Napier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04021919802288251,"gpt":0.4099708134397641,"spread":0.3697516154168816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02233609,0.0007169067,0.001384518,0.001981106,0.004277963,0.01395766,0.001757408,0.01428866,0.004400651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01893464,0.0003610205,0.0006269185,0.004864173,0.004793299,0.009963673,0.01013553,0.01171513,0.0004575178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006842789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02254706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009220445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02721192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953192,0.001677974,0.0002997368,0.000401016,0.00110923,0.001192793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.982717,0.009000673,0.0009917868,0.000315214,0.002352454,0.004622903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001607816,0.0001552401,0.004284312,0.002923157,0.00005423009,0.0003678957,0.01475409,0.0001525386,0.0003166483,0.1496367,0.6734142,0.1537802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002145936,0.0000386969,0.006705648,0.00508465,0.00002544624,0.0001136829,0.01648334,0.00003508174,0.00007981746,0.01026934,0.9611093,0.00003364396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002043642,0.2985347,0.00007339707,0.6843194,0.01051214,0.000006986855,0.00005825588,0.000003541225,0.004448035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1047637,0.5657227,0.0006028616,0.2800644,0.0359087,0.0001129643,0.0002508958,0.00004148399,0.01253232],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02233609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1181259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}