{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1294,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":1294,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"80e5016da349","filters":{"topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds"}},"results":[{"id":"W2049604537","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.044","title":"Experimental and computational study of gas–solid fluidized bed hydrodynamics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":504,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidization; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Fluidized bed; Drag; Fluent; CFD-DEM; Kinetic energy; Thermodynamics; Momentum (technical analysis); Flow (mathematics); Multiphase flow; Materials science; Drag coefficient; Physics; Classical mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Fariborz Taghipour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Naoko Ellis","is_ca":true},{"name":"C.K. Wong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005548560150578558,"gpt":0.2224295025115597,"spread":0.2168809423609811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007094503,0.0004140445,0.0006545185,0.0003983593,0.001193137,0.0006737463,0.0009866506,0.0005965349,0.002102752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001688088,0.0002744994,0.000283552,0.0005265456,0.001887162,0.0008623929,0.0005285506,0.0008020992,0.0001852775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007279817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005707755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003011235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001285198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995369,0.0001133238,0.00002539088,0.00007417647,0.0001802805,0.00007002503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988632,0.0005935969,0.00007089473,0.0001845637,0.0002240897,0.00006366203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003451297,0.004533547,0.01723838,0.0007125534,0.0001043927,0.0006072203,0.0008431618,0.2651658,0.6435218,0.02845158,0.002652112,0.03271818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003530325,0.0007719587,0.01266526,0.0000152365,0.00002748139,0.0001470115,0.0001794035,0.6502157,0.3310901,0.002046156,0.002400885,0.00008775136],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913399,0.0002265739,0.004598098,0.0001369419,0.0000391471,0.00002522215,0.0001656116,0.0001055642,0.003363013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970421,0.0000836116,0.002296357,0.000009872767,0.00001433803,0.0000155377,0.0001601844,0.00001524145,0.0003627001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003011235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007034421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976691526","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2009.05.001","title":"Characterization of powder flow: Static and dynamic testing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":276,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Fluidization; Characterization (materials science); Economies of agglomeration; Cohesion (chemistry); Flow properties; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Mechanics; Fluidized bed; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Chemical engineering; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Krantz","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hui Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jesse Zhu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005830819203904388,"gpt":0.199291832448944,"spread":0.1934610132450396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001041323,0.0003872267,0.0007547216,0.0007726081,0.0006061355,0.0006920512,0.00062408,0.0006446209,0.001732277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002210868,0.0003112469,0.0004198716,0.0005798087,0.000803108,0.001325695,0.0003901253,0.0004999814,0.00030167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004330998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005123729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001240519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009063221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991112,0.0000885143,0.00008537719,0.0001484194,0.0004784527,0.00008799836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989317,0.000447512,0.00009945939,0.0001127593,0.0003404133,0.00006811861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008151145,0.0001931461,0.002555028,0.0001464134,0.00001267812,0.00009487255,0.0001503986,0.0008073717,0.966687,0.0003585053,0.0001588407,0.02802075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003956152,0.0008245591,0.006482921,0.000006683797,0.0000240373,0.0001199146,0.00006380897,0.005826475,0.9857222,0.0001265499,0.0007457111,0.00001744195],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.9366274,0.0005629816,0.05923741,0.0001467971,0.00006823766,0.0001878089,0.0004218227,0.0004918999,0.002255488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893922,0.0002403123,0.008903526,0.00004431904,0.00002053922,0.00006114739,0.0002659731,0.00004200599,0.001030061],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001732277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005795062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012611411","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2020.115646","title":"Review and implementation of CFD-DEM applied to chemical process systems","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":256,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Iran's National Elites Foundation","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Combustion; Heat transfer; Mixing (physics); Process (computing); Process engineering; Mass transfer; Computer science; CFD-DEM; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Mechanics; Chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Shahab Golshan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rahmat Sotudeh‐Gharebagh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reza Zarghami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Navid Mostoufi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruno Blais","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.A.M. Kuipers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008469216247207544,"gpt":0.2395114728543994,"spread":0.2310422566071918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002660572,0.0009551657,0.001398303,0.001792043,0.0004130026,0.001971588,0.002716305,0.00136659,0.002797413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003845944,0.0008770298,0.0010527,0.002698267,0.0007795001,0.00169834,0.00129269,0.00123763,0.001323927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001235341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002769979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003286015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002581966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988297,0.0003013777,0.0001616977,0.0002006531,0.0004449043,0.00006168069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978163,0.001030461,0.00009890375,0.0002652902,0.0007216255,0.00006735033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001402816,0.00008431513,0.0009243939,0.01652259,0.000196727,0.0001506334,0.0001395211,0.04332006,0.006253671,0.03280819,0.01207806,0.8873815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004098987,0.0002041969,0.002084749,0.004472727,0.0002493144,0.0004830732,0.0001587996,0.07108942,0.01774686,0.01218836,0.8911384,0.0001430965],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00626949,0.8177843,0.1488818,0.001889416,0.001902864,0.0001582879,0.0006068374,0.0008356503,0.02167132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08068421,0.8013352,0.1100632,0.0007730784,0.001066018,0.0001462015,0.001033294,0.0002781561,0.0046207],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003286015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01407063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115807542","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2008.06.017","title":"Flowability of moist pharmaceutical powders","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":256,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Eli Lilly (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Angle of repose; Moisture; Water content; Materials science; Agglomerate; Ingredient; Composite material; Aspartame; Food science; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Erica Emery","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jasmine Oliver","is_ca":true},{"name":"Todd Pugsley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jitendra Sharma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe Zhou","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01431003472758476,"gpt":0.224823298870363,"spread":0.2105132641427783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006846332,0.000218662,0.0004230143,0.0004707169,0.0003139916,0.0006335606,0.0002530601,0.0003998762,0.001317702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009612028,0.0001618372,0.0004329023,0.0003066059,0.0003806024,0.0009289772,0.0003292073,0.0007209493,0.0002076907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004109827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002358127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007910516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005488032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996374,0.00006297626,0.00003019393,0.00007272862,0.0001318874,0.00006484287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999788,0.00009909549,0.00004978498,0.00001682296,0.00002437212,0.00002198799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005900995,0.00008642239,0.000746999,0.000142948,0.00001421883,0.00007463204,0.0001072265,0.0008037551,0.983536,0.0005561789,0.00008260336,0.01325901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005432257,0.0008433068,0.006437512,0.00001290988,0.00002428867,0.00008041903,0.00003390658,0.004902801,0.986492,0.00017517,0.000932958,0.00001031701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934309,0.001729969,0.003427006,0.00007780294,0.00003418249,0.00002831488,0.0001045424,0.00003726257,0.001129938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967866,0.0007211059,0.001353175,0.00005371621,0.0000312607,0.00001626095,0.000161741,0.00001525426,0.0008608592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001317702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004408181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895406694","doi":"10.1007/b101079","title":"Slurry Transport Using Centrifugal Pumps","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Centrifugal pump; Environmental science; Waste management; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Physics; Impeller","authors":[{"name":"K. C. Wilson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008479742335846486,"gpt":0.1799441196938698,"spread":0.1714643773580233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002437743,0.001137525,0.001057105,0.001168868,0.000621593,0.00143817,0.001093828,0.001134367,0.008805205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000267207,0.0007025265,0.0007863123,0.001806416,0.000635706,0.00195397,0.0006984543,0.001322347,0.008440282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009494432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006293167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001705727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00195257,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997068,0.00001947703,0.00001614333,0.00005653909,0.0001839387,0.00001715478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999925,0.00002004665,0.000005327317,0.00001677392,0.00002821009,0.000004584182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001235966,0.00009885797,0.0001303542,0.0009720081,0.00003619088,0.0002151828,0.00009615054,0.006878186,0.05996544,0.0667834,0.08009075,0.7846099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000272629,0.0001645637,0.0006821565,0.0001595254,0.00006010846,0.0007478254,0.0000272318,0.02338184,0.06573456,0.01964823,0.8893103,0.00005640607],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01324077,0.09909235,0.5229747,0.002617412,0.005787675,0.0002884896,0.0005230437,0.003983729,0.3514918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05710457,0.05026076,0.1223072,0.000485161,0.0009813082,0.0001641702,0.0007167398,0.0004681796,0.7675119],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008805205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02945638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033041053","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.048","title":"DEM-based models for the mixing of granular materials","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Discrete element method; Granular material; Focus (optics); Computer science; Statistical physics; Work (physics); Mechanics; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"François Bertrand","is_ca":true},{"name":"L.-A. Leclaire","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Levecque","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01029310917182284,"gpt":0.2047794343744255,"spread":0.1944863252026027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001353824,0.001337998,0.001683392,0.001791384,0.001008963,0.001908974,0.002456673,0.003936198,0.004056745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00421508,0.0009352427,0.001542732,0.001493783,0.001738011,0.002396198,0.002055404,0.001799585,0.0006107646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002608909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008287813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008799314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005113707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999588,0.0001648292,0.0000303524,0.00005093684,0.00009640161,0.00006945084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980835,0.001111046,0.0002004217,0.0001269831,0.0002729624,0.0002051683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003309918,0.00001891603,0.0002184611,0.00003996603,0.00001867655,0.0000427138,0.00002007678,0.9501286,0.0004113605,0.04734163,0.0004273425,0.001299161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006708486,0.000002571014,0.00002923395,0.000003138021,0.000002342543,0.000005425185,0.000002486822,0.9909072,0.00006304243,0.008726196,0.0002477066,0.000003997955],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06738985,0.004246215,0.8934234,0.002358183,0.000670513,0.0001350306,0.001213793,0.0006772577,0.0298857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9165155,0.002441321,0.05304582,0.000537639,0.0004207034,0.0003399304,0.001207779,0.0002759846,0.02521528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008799314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01892906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008081336","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2006.08.006","title":"Fluidization of biomass particles: A review of experimental multiphase flow aspects","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidization; Biomass (ecology); Fluidized bed; Mixing (physics); Flow (mathematics); Environmental science; Work (physics); Pyrolysis; Waste management; Combustion; Fluidized bed combustion; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Materials science; Mechanics; Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Heping Cui","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01715204570098336,"gpt":0.2705383819753268,"spread":0.2533863362743434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001338589,0.001752045,0.003337443,0.002827631,0.0004382839,0.001495738,0.001789041,0.001629701,0.001220859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001151335,0.0008585619,0.0009002927,0.004396939,0.001124905,0.002798364,0.00112932,0.001502673,0.001610752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008071489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001284375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001010989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001315234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994941,0.00005550875,0.0000809181,0.0001553923,0.0001770486,0.00003699927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991929,0.0003941471,0.0001185964,0.00005306591,0.0002047912,0.00003656396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001741892,0.0002805975,0.0003118007,0.03049705,0.0001119743,0.0001889393,0.0001017706,0.002043257,0.02609183,0.003679306,0.004774245,0.9317449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009797476,0.000729326,0.002718436,0.005836553,0.0004347063,0.003033964,0.0002401759,0.001812018,0.0894428,0.006488421,0.8889716,0.0001940533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008390209,0.9963546,0.001995587,0.00008439949,0.00009634855,0.00001237263,0.00002744177,0.00001308198,0.000577134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002452726,0.9948714,0.001906009,0.00009961519,0.0001287719,0.00001838804,0.00007223947,0.000005844868,0.0004450635],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003337443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007079184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036494402","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2007.07.014","title":"CFD modelling of a liquid–solid fluidized bed","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Drag; Fluidization; Mechanics; Viscosity; Fluidized bed; Drag coefficient; Experimental data; Distributor; Flow (mathematics); Bubble; Materials science; Convergence (economics); Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Jack T. Cornelissen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fariborz Taghipour","is_ca":true},{"name":"Renaud Escudié","is_ca":true},{"name":"Naoko Ellis","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01147444772946013,"gpt":0.2147689372688011,"spread":0.2032944895393409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002771153,0.0005924702,0.001151992,0.0005975412,0.001038371,0.001910615,0.001107064,0.002142698,0.003326033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00103132,0.0006441403,0.0007406846,0.0005562269,0.001462437,0.0007288943,0.0009699215,0.0006876539,0.0004295715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001538487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001830818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03004946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009954941,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997688,0.00005253449,0.00001422679,0.00003622251,0.00007568314,0.00005254351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996245,0.0001773586,0.00003727978,0.00002595756,0.00006573915,0.00006904433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006933149,0.00002747114,0.0003869679,0.00001929895,0.000009427585,0.00009542705,0.00001700909,0.9939884,0.00170942,0.002283923,0.0001377723,0.001255553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001229004,0.000007981594,0.0001244183,0.000002029384,0.000002451804,0.000006655293,0.000003580226,0.9989385,0.0004842051,0.0002078784,0.0002058939,0.000004043324],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6897119,0.001552792,0.2525243,0.00129725,0.0006534723,0.0002420489,0.0009264469,0.0009730516,0.05211882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816847,0.0002579773,0.01145426,0.00006624898,0.00003802944,0.00004843525,0.0002687961,0.00005087145,0.006130668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03004946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05974913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157071768","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.001","title":"Critical state and evolution of coordination number in simulated granular materials","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":204,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Coordination number; Granular material; Discrete element method; Anisotropy; Atomic packing factor; Materials science; Statistical physics; Stationary state; Shear (geology); Contact force; Element (criminal law); Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Physics; Crystallography; Composite material; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"L. Rothenburg","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. P. Kruyt","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004818596687571746,"gpt":0.2491872733512132,"spread":0.2443686766636415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004724902,0.0003144344,0.0004455137,0.001257853,0.001096225,0.001589321,0.000717231,0.000915811,0.002731754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003701192,0.0005280909,0.0003470547,0.000650855,0.001631492,0.00102215,0.000535536,0.0006904898,0.0001243177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002193813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00125611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01159347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006591861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998686,0.00002479355,0.000005758967,0.0000278026,0.00002285392,0.00005018557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980229,0.001032842,0.0002237151,0.0001229171,0.0002433402,0.0003544292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003238167,0.0001202376,0.006173296,0.00005467107,0.00003353238,0.0002137964,0.0001194278,0.9680626,0.005816177,0.01648227,0.00109283,0.001507359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003814949,0.00003869932,0.00160785,0.000006873614,0.000008101884,0.00001355212,0.00004852557,0.9926701,0.001623191,0.003807676,0.0001209168,0.00001627334],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940561,0.0001037852,0.002325113,0.0002068574,0.0000253421,0.000013143,0.0002146655,0.0001003866,0.002954561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989634,0.00002386491,0.0005975909,0.00001223189,0.000003338978,0.000007935031,0.0001067804,0.00002338918,0.0002615566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01159347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02305198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080454857","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2003.10.006","title":"Verification and validation of CFD models and dynamic similarity for fluidized beds","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Completeness (order theory); Computer science; Scaling; Fluidization; Terminology; Dynamic similarity; Dimensionless quantity; Similarity (geometry); Similitude; Experimental data; Fluidized bed; Algorithm; Data mining; Mathematics; Engineering; Mechanics; Artificial intelligence; Turbulence; Statistics; Aerospace engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fariborz Taghipour","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01154919557922095,"gpt":0.2252188837033512,"spread":0.2136696881241302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002404335,0.0008722262,0.001267124,0.001190629,0.001110052,0.001784761,0.002209275,0.002060151,0.001750808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01236921,0.0005865177,0.001021538,0.0007469011,0.001479493,0.00154867,0.001986967,0.001000582,0.0004211597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001421715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002402901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008504883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003184877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972873,0.0004745447,0.0002310246,0.0002356511,0.001588659,0.0001828831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993739,0.002832359,0.000561776,0.001351246,0.001350937,0.000164744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000254587,0.0003291272,0.002657594,0.0001175956,0.00003258909,0.000134211,0.0001028738,0.9521674,0.01617223,0.007446661,0.0003110855,0.02027413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002523761,0.00004172303,0.0002107741,0.00000363764,0.00000364657,0.0000150104,0.000008755421,0.9919808,0.00713698,0.0004157809,0.0001512113,0.000006419779],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5959983,0.0002620002,0.3917275,0.0003228802,0.0002376495,0.0003575894,0.000473212,0.001940215,0.008680552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9690364,0.000069271,0.0298323,0.00002889571,0.00001664863,0.00008392541,0.000292902,0.00007860227,0.0005611241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008504883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01691079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063748012","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2014.07.011","title":"A drag model for filtered Euler–Lagrange simulations of clustered gas–particle suspensions","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Syncrude","keywords":"Drag; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Range (aeronautics); Two-fluid model; Fluidization; Physics; Classical mechanics; Drag coefficient; Statistical physics; Fluidized bed; Mathematics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Stefan Radl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sankaran Sundaresan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01610026818826781,"gpt":0.2239051545961266,"spread":0.2078048864078588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004400516,0.0006231593,0.0008693769,0.000591621,0.001001061,0.001255616,0.001732899,0.002277968,0.001883794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001498422,0.0005070761,0.0007258087,0.0005203278,0.0009987868,0.0009150674,0.001074445,0.0009516621,0.0003006723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001306041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001360684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01797268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01039313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997936,0.00005385278,0.00001161602,0.00002912802,0.00005797379,0.00005398575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995053,0.0001673159,0.00004911483,0.00004603319,0.0001016621,0.0001306322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000435181,0.00008058331,0.0005861085,0.00001695186,0.00001988033,0.00005125931,0.00003207829,0.9875857,0.001531783,0.008473106,0.0003560993,0.00122293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000926595,0.000005750523,0.00006777695,0.000001041685,0.000001624485,0.000002174769,0.000002703895,0.99934,0.0001299333,0.0003444974,0.00009183795,0.000003351568],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5536845,0.0006491863,0.4158961,0.001278934,0.0005429499,0.0002655954,0.0007722729,0.0008336086,0.02607682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96866,0.0001663212,0.02412028,0.0002070161,0.00009603776,0.0001776738,0.0003592917,0.0001698703,0.006043573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01797268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03573614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995763733","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20054","title":"Investigation into the hydrodynamics of gas–solid fluidized beds using particle image velocimetry coupled with digital image analysis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Digital image analysis; Bubble; Mechanics; Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Fluidized bed; Velocimetry; Coupling (piping); Phase (matter); Materials science; Optics; Physics; Geology; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Turbulence; Composite material; Computer vision","authors":[{"name":"Jan Albert Laverman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ivo Roghair","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. van Sint Annaland","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.A.M. Kuipers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006794886092667747,"gpt":0.1779003357356855,"spread":0.1711054496430178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003656941,0.0001999536,0.0003236086,0.0003902075,0.0002061719,0.0004203632,0.0002158619,0.0001794171,0.0004672149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004091889,0.0001923265,0.0001188211,0.0002287534,0.0004031634,0.0002859066,0.0001798331,0.0002366219,0.0000816938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005946652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004181849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004712323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002854488,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998407,0.00003123852,0.000008259578,0.00002242216,0.00007182924,0.00002553293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998423,0.00007334434,0.00001906701,0.000009902799,0.00003723552,0.00001822491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001119264,0.00006271915,0.001795092,0.00004529653,0.000005872109,0.0000514481,0.00002946329,0.004457981,0.9870536,0.0003875712,0.00005111281,0.005947936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004713685,0.0002389979,0.01289056,0.00000556174,0.00001072985,0.00005328027,0.00004071267,0.1193403,0.8663151,0.0002209126,0.0008137461,0.00002302142],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729407,0.0003727605,0.02590733,0.00004340069,0.00001546158,0.00003496488,0.00008454133,0.0001311657,0.0004697648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852444,0.0001880672,0.01414619,0.00001256614,0.00000472588,0.00001709409,0.00008747914,0.000008272596,0.0002912341],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004712323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009369791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014253543","doi":"10.1021/ie050490+","title":"CFD Modeling of the Hydrodynamics and Reaction Kinetics of FCC Fluidized-Bed Reactors","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Fluidized bed; Kinetics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials science; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Classical mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Sebastian Zimmermann","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fariborz Taghipour","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04358572799902486,"gpt":0.2630439802215619,"spread":0.219458252222537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002709329,0.0004317613,0.0006124691,0.0004408413,0.0005775581,0.0006835473,0.0006384754,0.0007524384,0.0007517403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001116174,0.0003422091,0.0004009246,0.0003224396,0.0006145267,0.0003406119,0.0002557583,0.0004016125,0.0001612082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001764822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001681375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05356128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01053829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998172,0.00003873853,0.00001047486,0.00002232213,0.0000709642,0.00004040789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997047,0.0001353435,0.00003370261,0.00002477762,0.00007771834,0.00002373524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003307333,0.00001280082,0.000739949,0.00001822419,0.000004029945,0.00007886672,0.00002304764,0.9899126,0.004310597,0.002303392,0.0001392004,0.002424316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005203589,0.000004476944,0.0001979331,0.000001660941,0.000001543574,0.000007502914,0.000003284518,0.9977315,0.001651623,0.000173312,0.0002190025,0.000002959607],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7384884,0.0008757213,0.2406737,0.000418983,0.000173872,0.0001649643,0.0006783801,0.0009110372,0.01761493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818817,0.00030341,0.01517528,0.00001746752,0.00001762464,0.0000685792,0.000203527,0.00002399366,0.002308453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05356128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.106499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W594539852","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511777936","title":"Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Subject (documents); Engineering; Underpinning; Resource (disambiguation); Mixing (physics); Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Computer science; Physics; Civil engineering; Library science","authors":[{"name":"Norman Epstein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaotao Bi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaojun Bao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martı́n Olazar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wenqi Zhong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Željko B. Grbavčić","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giorgio Rovero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrzej Kmieć","is_ca":false},{"name":"Toshifumi Ishikura","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. L. Passos","is_ca":false},{"name":"José Teixeira Freire","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Palmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. P. Watkinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. W. Evans","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tibor Szentmarjay","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007303559209265449,"gpt":0.158225252276261,"spread":0.1509216930669956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001624649,0.0005058701,0.000439173,0.0006211944,0.0006426812,0.002315664,0.0008337489,0.0008572514,0.004711902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003932658,0.0003159227,0.0002630361,0.0008468679,0.001218487,0.002258837,0.001017584,0.001038955,0.00204701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007157384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005317483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001303314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002123559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997719,0.00002341299,0.000008465177,0.00003818807,0.0001351266,0.0000228669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999458,0.00002021359,0.000005276083,0.000009694721,0.00001235829,0.000006656015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001873412,0.00005978869,0.0003504285,0.001164588,0.00001834276,0.0005810377,0.0004438574,0.01268125,0.01456373,0.5379847,0.05419805,0.3777669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009677492,0.0000747598,0.0008919717,0.0003291372,0.00001000984,0.0007981027,0.0001997336,0.01231622,0.01313238,0.0872335,0.8849747,0.00002983198],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03974194,0.3160376,0.1781988,0.003653842,0.007051584,0.0001721503,0.0006795877,0.001047902,0.4534166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2186528,0.1043658,0.04371675,0.001645498,0.0008214822,0.00009176404,0.0006792784,0.0002448812,0.6297818],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004711902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01576287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080373771","doi":"10.1021/ie801505z","title":"Hydrodynamic Simulation of Horizontal Slurry Pipeline Flow Using ANSYS-CFX","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Slurry; Mechanics; Materials science; Multiphase flow; Particle (ecology); CFD-DEM; Flow (mathematics); Horizontal plane; Particle size; Volume fraction; Volume (thermodynamics); Chemistry; Geology; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"K. Ekambara","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Sean Sanders","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Nandakumar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jacob H. Masliyah","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06581882308339783,"gpt":0.3162871348891109,"spread":0.2504683118057131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006132821,0.0005386321,0.0007335718,0.0003680128,0.000532212,0.0004421468,0.0008017642,0.0007608486,0.00619784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008568783,0.0003743248,0.0004558653,0.0004615221,0.0003623801,0.0004987429,0.0004001494,0.0007353857,0.0005460638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005432633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001714557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01144338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006296793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997906,0.00003646023,0.00001937785,0.00002523085,0.00009165751,0.00003666757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995911,0.0002020421,0.00003484408,0.00004040584,0.000108358,0.00002341664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007665694,0.0001113229,0.0014056,0.0001099057,0.00001500809,0.00008742049,0.0001471596,0.9617468,0.01744306,0.003997968,0.001342482,0.01351675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001726014,0.00002178013,0.0003290843,0.00000273473,0.000002392788,0.000009916413,0.000008840623,0.9957301,0.002925766,0.0002484068,0.0006981267,0.000005627562],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5536949,0.0001516192,0.4197486,0.0002714199,0.0001298585,0.0005089474,0.003712807,0.007181372,0.01460048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.833675,0.000202556,0.1582097,0.00006422216,0.00001773629,0.0006891856,0.002143282,0.0003794965,0.004618865],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01144338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02275354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987499128","doi":"10.1680/geot.2002.52.3.209","title":"Influence of particle shape on engineering properties of assemblies of two-dimensional polygon-shaped particles","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Géotechnique","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Isotropy; Discrete element method; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Granular material; Shear (geology); Polygon (computer graphics); Eccentricity (behavior); Mechanics; Composite material; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Ali Asghar Mirghasemi","is_ca":false},{"name":"L. Rothenburg","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elmer L. Matyas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01726653976327068,"gpt":0.2010555547231025,"spread":0.1837890149598318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007135484,0.0003559578,0.0003204672,0.0003377015,0.0002310954,0.0006261965,0.0002722236,0.0003699393,0.0004199989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003152317,0.0002610389,0.0002241332,0.0002342153,0.0004549094,0.0003583485,0.0003239027,0.0002464755,0.00009949682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003006049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002493632,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001257211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001064788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997857,0.0000628307,0.00001635237,0.0000248349,0.00007015203,0.00004005529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984199,0.001047947,0.0001743196,0.0001478169,0.0001260801,0.0000838906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003996446,0.00008796064,0.009345684,0.00007595679,0.00002631411,0.0002701161,0.0001118666,0.902833,0.07373092,0.0007137961,0.00006560793,0.01233917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002125153,0.0001867721,0.00349567,0.00000517879,0.00001459082,0.000055233,0.00003302,0.9583822,0.03746594,0.0001251008,0.0002021777,0.00001291354],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772215,0.00006824882,0.02134663,0.00002620656,0.00001064098,0.00001823396,0.00003283605,0.0001147823,0.001160946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958722,0.00003139672,0.003936101,0.00000417132,0.000001001483,0.000006123812,0.00002207352,0.00001870952,0.0001083103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001257211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00377363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012523109","doi":"10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00551-1","title":"Axial dispersion in the three-dimensional mixing of particles in a rotating drum reactor","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":156,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Drum; Rotary kiln; Dispersion (optics); Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Rotational speed; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Kiln; Physics; Waste management; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Richard G. Sherritt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jamal Chaouki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anil K. Mehrotra","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leo A. Behie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01096618367634024,"gpt":0.1954073396105344,"spread":0.1844411559341941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004522436,0.000293157,0.0004710228,0.0005848082,0.0008207635,0.00153989,0.0003818947,0.0007549289,0.0004878434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001137168,0.000295542,0.0002783742,0.0003414956,0.0008870207,0.0007974298,0.0007144089,0.0006428236,0.0001812796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008566304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004864877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002279608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001337339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997855,0.00005100612,0.00001954969,0.00003497421,0.00007271449,0.00003627453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995856,0.0001776468,0.0000933851,0.00002098288,0.00005695786,0.00006537498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005391961,0.0005921954,0.008203362,0.0003431206,0.00008888629,0.001119613,0.0005204641,0.1566434,0.7687768,0.02163156,0.0008058377,0.03588287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004636261,0.0008365103,0.004614792,0.0000164509,0.00005954585,0.0001317837,0.0001137848,0.7378888,0.2518945,0.002820746,0.001081257,0.00007812551],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892925,0.000398478,0.008373793,0.0002070657,0.00005098505,0.00001751071,0.00001815397,0.00006539714,0.001576026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972563,0.0001083209,0.001742766,0.00001688921,0.00002338469,0.000006360658,0.00001627783,0.00001041213,0.0008191951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002279608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006215274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055794314","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2004.11.035","title":"Heat transfer in fluidized beds: design methods","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Heat transfer; Work (physics); Scale (ratio); Range (aeronautics); Convective heat transfer; Component (thermodynamics); Convection; Constant (computer programming); Computer science; Thermodynamics; Process engineering; Mechanics; Environmental science; Engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering","authors":[{"name":"John C. Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad R. Golriz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01604545927143284,"gpt":0.2650369626184184,"spread":0.2489915033469855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002311786,0.000875597,0.001179608,0.0006794973,0.0006533453,0.001107525,0.00116076,0.001115296,0.003814255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00307185,0.0009983996,0.0009180169,0.0005984568,0.0008303235,0.0009940023,0.0007628582,0.00105641,0.0008393036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008163548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00104196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008848221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001013861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988999,0.0005593112,0.00005041769,0.00009165808,0.0003590017,0.00003969084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987653,0.0008298034,0.0000833108,0.00008240146,0.0002164921,0.00002272136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002993067,0.0003899976,0.0007489432,0.001822266,0.00008494819,0.00009350204,0.0002606752,0.6857347,0.03342827,0.05089075,0.001451559,0.2247951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001051356,0.0001924582,0.0002685111,0.00005715444,0.00004069371,0.00003514259,0.00003499322,0.9633346,0.01935315,0.008305401,0.008239817,0.00003296766],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.003945637,0.0003489848,0.9938418,0.00004820225,0.00003091983,0.0001230101,0.00002664396,0.0001378586,0.001497019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1780592,0.001699244,0.8092473,0.000086203,0.0001026886,0.002164359,0.0001144729,0.000246555,0.008279972],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003814255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01275992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975257946","doi":"10.1208/s12249-013-0007-5","title":"The Effect of Lubricants on Powder Flowability for Pharmaceutical Application","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AAPS PharmSciTech","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Magnesium stearate; Materials science; Stearic acid; Lubricant; Stearate; Lactose; Magnesium; Chlorpheniramine Maleate; Dosage form; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chromatography; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Garett Morin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauren Briens","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00700114255151391,"gpt":0.2585904266001156,"spread":0.2515892840486016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000581844,0.0002987831,0.0003488677,0.0003706591,0.0003329758,0.0007543478,0.0002276388,0.0003399324,0.001181946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001796892,0.0002113825,0.00041823,0.0003316759,0.0003717136,0.0007335142,0.0002676053,0.0003511755,0.0002035719],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002947668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003665812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001327305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001288345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995874,0.0001052027,0.00005163848,0.00004387666,0.000127625,0.00008438547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991012,0.0005121796,0.0001533049,0.00003696572,0.000137245,0.00005919906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003792278,0.0001642474,0.002021551,0.000306959,0.0000474266,0.000190318,0.0001335285,0.001331332,0.9725454,0.0002948706,0.00009700146,0.01907512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002230688,0.001483323,0.003277545,0.000008965113,0.00004846503,0.0000679195,0.00004185205,0.001753199,0.992564,0.00003932645,0.0006809711,0.00001200594],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952122,0.003178844,0.0009204614,0.00004398065,0.00002665278,0.00001183954,0.00005037576,0.00002066633,0.0005349289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975429,0.001139269,0.0008363162,0.00001503488,0.00001132139,0.000003954496,0.00006080742,0.00001246397,0.0003780595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001327305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003954053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073157044","doi":"10.1002/jps.21973","title":"Wet Granulation in a Twin‐Screw Extruder: Implications of Screw Design","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; GlaxoSmithKline","keywords":"Granulation; Plastics extrusion; Agglomerate; Materials science; Extrusion; Mixing (physics); Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Particle (ecology); Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Michael R. Thompson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jing Sun","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06638537531872384,"gpt":0.3436484492434024,"spread":0.2772630739246785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001307891,0.0003441305,0.0006880934,0.0004332276,0.0004403413,0.001584193,0.0005458024,0.0005945168,0.0005683231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003019239,0.0003873932,0.0004366084,0.0005342545,0.0006101511,0.001294345,0.0003682802,0.0003902754,0.000138217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005382582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006013406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001333056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001818042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995489,0.00008521753,0.0000727475,0.00008459792,0.000143722,0.000064826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987551,0.0007079511,0.0002323597,0.0001022356,0.0001621354,0.00004012425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004233883,0.0003369339,0.008556672,0.0003710773,0.00008713234,0.000615095,0.0001236944,0.1034187,0.8270937,0.005481748,0.0003077245,0.04937363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003992123,0.001343755,0.01012273,0.000017788,0.0001447786,0.0002329524,0.0001041915,0.3897545,0.5952796,0.001772123,0.0007690093,0.00005943231],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609951,0.000701181,0.0370191,0.0001474839,0.0000864735,0.00003801774,0.00005386248,0.0001201479,0.0008385653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930622,0.0002044366,0.006471914,0.00001407199,0.000007877114,0.000008159295,0.00002380773,0.00001773311,0.0001897042],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001584193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006916881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018208211","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780113","title":"(Gas‐)liquid‐solid circulating fluidized beds and their potential applications to bioreactor engineering","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidized bed; Liquid phase; Fluidized bed combustion; Chemistry; Physics; Waste management; Engineering; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Jesse Zhu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dimitre Karamanev","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amarjeet Bassi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ying Zheng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00477019336822665,"gpt":0.1741022133889209,"spread":0.1693320200206943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004391228,0.0002045334,0.0002663176,0.0004866087,0.0002590024,0.001010526,0.0004256759,0.0005258389,0.001675238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004336212,0.0001715554,0.0001983589,0.0004865772,0.0005039556,0.0003744942,0.0003548542,0.0003610165,0.0003529167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007346268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005718733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002166125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002565229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997485,0.00007607751,0.00001182124,0.00002183129,0.0001139586,0.0000278429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998448,0.00006479919,0.00002235683,0.000007836617,0.00003875645,0.00002135671],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008563786,0.0002171326,0.002219287,0.001321448,0.00003435386,0.001137492,0.0001501597,0.02873231,0.4628853,0.03694169,0.002725931,0.4627784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002846885,0.002498484,0.007129522,0.0003981286,0.0001454353,0.002111395,0.0003314288,0.1564056,0.6268412,0.03390893,0.1698211,0.0001241399],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3963462,0.2163527,0.3517406,0.004287343,0.001291476,0.0002735281,0.0002353094,0.0009114163,0.02856139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8915788,0.018719,0.08326662,0.0002873076,0.0001729896,0.00005146389,0.0001102268,0.00001605415,0.005797517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002166125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005604267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2742893883","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2017.08.001","title":"Electrostatics in gas-solid fluidized beds: A review","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fluidization; Electrostatics; Economies of agglomeration; Fluidized bed; Fouling; Mechanics; Static electricity; Electric charge; Triboelectric effect; Materials science; Chemistry; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Farzam Fotovat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaotao Bi","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03127904167528164,"gpt":0.3160110062827669,"spread":0.2847319646074853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006194887,0.00109523,0.00189874,0.002885904,0.0003267711,0.001415993,0.0009444967,0.001341941,0.00261919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009006474,0.0004359527,0.000632908,0.003587783,0.000509602,0.001879293,0.001014603,0.001230026,0.001194431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004052729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001213568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008629168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001669326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997914,0.00002511097,0.00003701821,0.00004719978,0.0000781503,0.00002095988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995408,0.0002172762,0.000081219,0.00001220679,0.0001115796,0.00003694476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001007734,0.0001528685,0.0003574364,0.05340107,0.0001899528,0.0002610883,0.00008948646,0.001229809,0.003620466,0.004280606,0.02182716,0.9144893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003323463,0.0001882771,0.001215713,0.006998044,0.0004363678,0.001527632,0.0001559881,0.0004928156,0.002137415,0.003762843,0.9829777,0.0000739903],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001436536,0.9990481,0.0001592356,0.00009995806,0.0001359379,0.000003056663,0.00001500686,0.000004732767,0.0003902577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007264559,0.9985142,0.0001938565,0.00009106108,0.0001616347,0.000003427922,0.00001995358,0.000001032169,0.0002882273],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002885904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008762002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967791702","doi":"10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00246-1","title":"Further measurements of flow dynamics in a high-density circulating fluidized bed riser","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Intermittency; Fluidization; Materials science; Fluidized bed combustion; RADIUS; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Particle density; Particle (ecology); Fluidized bed; Volume (thermodynamics); Thermodynamics; Geology; Physics; Turbulence","authors":[{"name":"Allan S. Issangya","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dingrong Bai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jesse Zhu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009357429794060656,"gpt":0.1999282192886185,"spread":0.1905707894945579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009206495,0.0006862734,0.001323952,0.0005750445,0.001210366,0.0008514755,0.0008713715,0.001001227,0.001482525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001540832,0.0003251738,0.000599601,0.0005145614,0.001214063,0.001262088,0.0004869869,0.001800554,0.0003469617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009327026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007668476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002424674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001456149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994634,0.00007766157,0.00002207797,0.00008643217,0.0002242417,0.0001262538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999137,0.0003359829,0.00007045376,0.0001025671,0.0002286894,0.000125302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007381309,0.0003502382,0.001380576,0.0000503648,0.000009234119,0.0001387799,0.0001695682,0.0008457847,0.9902453,0.0003636558,0.0001670887,0.005541211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002778068,0.001974867,0.01090379,0.000008649312,0.00002744251,0.0001562578,0.0001351587,0.02365815,0.9616326,0.0001817329,0.001000993,0.00004264407],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821244,0.0001656623,0.01579586,0.0001757579,0.00006058775,0.000123991,0.0002133611,0.0005539506,0.0007864813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888259,0.00009862885,0.009723607,0.00006252704,0.00001830856,0.00005620099,0.0001841242,0.00005113714,0.0009795548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002424674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006767333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171515232","doi":"10.1139/p04-025","title":"Penetration of spheres into loose granular media","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"SPHERES; Physics; Penetration (warfare); Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Scaling; Momentum (technical analysis); Projectile; Viscosity; Penetration depth; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Optics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"John R. de Bruyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Amanda M. Walsh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007309239846006938,"gpt":0.1810061325836936,"spread":0.1736968927376867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001014788,0.0007571706,0.0003627756,0.0003136807,0.0003528725,0.0005312582,0.0002825312,0.0005715279,0.0009726125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005777701,0.0002932693,0.0003011387,0.0003040528,0.0008095665,0.0006822105,0.0009358507,0.000552511,0.0002217297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006070177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002564875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005270148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002608868,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998335,0.00001461632,0.000004630423,0.00003038155,0.00005118809,0.00006575082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997048,0.0001299138,0.00007532426,0.00001512259,0.00002998693,0.0000448652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004076567,0.00006586221,0.002222411,0.0001546612,0.0000418391,0.001778899,0.0004419145,0.06412653,0.9193414,0.003646725,0.0001615604,0.007610461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012181,0.001363046,0.01307719,0.00004699761,0.00006235038,0.001171081,0.0005663226,0.3908839,0.5867755,0.003684889,0.00215132,0.00009565184],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861993,0.0003755302,0.01114585,0.00005436863,0.00001033906,0.00001728493,0.00005496232,0.00004571025,0.002096588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966435,0.0003696505,0.001988775,0.00002631628,0.000005184716,0.000007488753,0.00006752681,0.00001684651,0.000874543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005270148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01047897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093823038","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20139","title":"CFD simulation of gas–solid bubbling fluidized bed: A new method for adjusting drag law","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Calgary; University of Regina","funders":"Petroleum Technology Research Centre","keywords":"Drag; Fluent; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Drag coefficient; Work (physics); Physics","authors":[{"name":"Farshid Vejahati","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nader Mahinpey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Naoko Ellis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mehrdokht B. Nikoo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01313204556022989,"gpt":0.2490774331055688,"spread":0.2359453875453389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005820145,0.0006410845,0.0006434562,0.0005860938,0.0007178553,0.0010415,0.001122564,0.001289059,0.003610501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00126072,0.0004844989,0.000846062,0.0004471496,0.0006210994,0.0007162195,0.001005512,0.001209436,0.0007481588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000560528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009677818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006268548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00403068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997913,0.00006376933,0.00001528514,0.00002567573,0.00008393647,0.00002009575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995377,0.0001878485,0.00003424431,0.00005752509,0.0001433835,0.0000394323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001404025,0.0001581998,0.002042727,0.000146673,0.00007966257,0.0002339875,0.000122848,0.8909363,0.01805438,0.02013677,0.002740775,0.06520728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007532472,0.000005423109,0.00004238747,0.000003219164,0.000002617849,0.000007257564,0.000002676974,0.9979292,0.0007109979,0.000315252,0.0009690679,0.000004293498],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01772705,0.0002507312,0.9755998,0.0002024908,0.0002565631,0.00009418988,0.0001248875,0.0009522417,0.004792028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3350379,0.0004298734,0.6547044,0.0001886121,0.0001395141,0.0004151925,0.0002972329,0.0005774723,0.008209889],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006268548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01246417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992206235","doi":"10.1126/science.1178516","title":"How River Beds Move","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Sediment transport; Hydrology (agriculture); Sediment; Geology; Environmental science; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Philippe Frey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Church","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005762785253687991,"gpt":0.1932500341809245,"spread":0.1874872489272365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002849425,0.0002017871,0.0003939806,0.0007579156,0.001476992,0.004468477,0.0006349071,0.001920753,0.01440046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001751028,0.0005464231,0.0003846008,0.0006008441,0.00190371,0.004352021,0.001427687,0.0009448288,0.003773703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001409572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008455673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01338828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01248503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996426,0.00007296208,0.00001236297,0.0001170463,0.00005453081,0.0001004418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996935,0.00006683137,0.00002797255,0.00004846128,0.00008227897,0.00008098003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000665323,0.0001992474,0.04194581,0.0007510922,0.0003791373,0.001425021,0.004689212,0.1102803,0.08160448,0.5230796,0.06793556,0.1670452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000203012,0.0002410632,0.0769616,0.0003765739,0.0002714301,0.0006372854,0.01419144,0.1181828,0.01453241,0.4731265,0.3008026,0.0004733252],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7446345,0.006934642,0.04309621,0.02231142,0.001846514,0.00005165867,0.00184236,0.001387904,0.1778948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9776113,0.001893878,0.002663874,0.0008864945,0.00009432757,0.0000228767,0.0002907997,0.0001677427,0.01636883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01440046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04817432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008719175","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450820523","title":"Modelling Heterogeneous Slurry Flows at High Velocities","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Mechanics; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Work (physics); Mineralogy; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"Randall G. Gillies","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. A. Shook","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jihuai Xu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007508676774187525,"gpt":0.1549754509879531,"spread":0.1474667742137656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004224527,0.0006376375,0.0007383025,0.000688608,0.0004570285,0.001381961,0.0008950764,0.001664658,0.0007225812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001065028,0.0004520163,0.0005370252,0.0005190517,0.0009481211,0.0007870758,0.0005157155,0.0005555406,0.0001714664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00156262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009255704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02482559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009093927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998279,0.00003113355,0.00000996272,0.00004532065,0.00002669987,0.00005896491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995913,0.0002246947,0.00005744161,0.00002895508,0.00005014807,0.0000475089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006449711,0.00006740937,0.002053531,0.00001958649,0.000009584015,0.0001147549,0.00001973337,0.9904816,0.005256625,0.0007815945,0.00003310958,0.001098057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002126038,0.00003897991,0.0007251918,0.000002504367,0.000004272938,0.000006982131,0.000009241789,0.9976756,0.0012434,0.0001969669,0.00007115059,0.0000044389],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738879,0.0001609614,0.02350663,0.00006273181,0.00001748254,0.00004646103,0.0001157326,0.00009962405,0.002102361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973236,0.00006893417,0.002037898,0.000005965951,0.00000409137,0.00001761793,0.00005269145,0.000006547369,0.0004826979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02482559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04936218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969827454","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.012","title":"Comparative study of the mixing of free-flowing particles in a V-blender and a bin-blender","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bin; Mixing (physics); Discrete element method; Microcrystalline cellulose; Mechanics; Granular material; Work (physics); Flow (mathematics); Rotational speed; Materials science; Conical surface; Mathematics; Simulation; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Geometry; Physics; Cellulose; Composite material; Engineering; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"M. Joanne Lemieux","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Bertrand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jamal Chaouki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick Gosselin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.010911783522137,"gpt":0.2124334702365818,"spread":0.2015216867144448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004854739,0.0002342756,0.0006407458,0.0004871192,0.0005103214,0.0009029571,0.0003295587,0.0004025048,0.001075229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008012345,0.0001605647,0.0003737926,0.0003595779,0.0003079582,0.0006169121,0.0002339181,0.0004891829,0.0001886181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000345334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001980255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001350682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009255423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999728,0.00004303755,0.00002498164,0.00005661303,0.000092937,0.00005429105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995115,0.0002137988,0.00007096883,0.00002666394,0.0001019812,0.00007506696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003141287,0.0002323868,0.002758627,0.0001022871,0.00003642026,0.0001251743,0.0001315752,0.001949502,0.9810103,0.0004099167,0.00004918398,0.01005342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005843725,0.001056152,0.01099142,0.000008281685,0.00006943945,0.00006329459,0.0001123606,0.02477317,0.9621123,0.00008134972,0.0006538177,0.00001995592],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978782,0.0002957167,0.001140853,0.00001597552,0.0000177955,0.000009400601,0.00003123714,0.00002876087,0.0005820635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984377,0.0001014556,0.0006627679,0.000006358495,0.000005766602,0.000003295647,0.00004533176,0.00001186015,0.0007255884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001350682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003597021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994921928","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2010.01.008","title":"Investigation of electrostatic charge distribution in gas–solid fluidized beds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Univation Technologies","keywords":"Slugging; Fluidization; Faraday cup; Range (aeronautics); Fluidized bed; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Electrostatics; Electric charge; Materials science; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Composite material; Ion; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Sowinski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leigh Miller","is_ca":true},{"name":"Poupak Mehrani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004776151661355446,"gpt":0.1972423262619303,"spread":0.1924661746005748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000204636,0.0001542688,0.0002513447,0.0003623927,0.0003376533,0.0003510179,0.0002740363,0.0002260586,0.0006299104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004265489,0.0001235765,0.0001160557,0.0002628671,0.0005686648,0.0003096749,0.0002531412,0.0002577306,0.00006199656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003412602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001839147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006450367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003541359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999102,0.00001352701,0.000002979244,0.00001688214,0.00003403801,0.00002223861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998381,0.00006785453,0.00001679868,0.000008313627,0.00004288806,0.00002599001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001135024,0.0001573429,0.005509784,0.00008759046,0.00002856709,0.0004433587,0.00009321787,0.01414806,0.9693164,0.001808069,0.0001229905,0.007149577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001173371,0.0005444162,0.02272813,0.000008098497,0.00002543887,0.0002875073,0.0002063456,0.2215766,0.7529941,0.0009052717,0.0005728205,0.00003398068],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997757,0.000104727,0.001564949,0.00002110382,0.000008633452,0.000003522277,0.00001096523,0.000008627864,0.0005204678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995454,0.00003600484,0.0002137025,0.000004095947,0.000002961295,9.517345e-7,0.00001106922,0.00000123627,0.0001845552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006450367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002476096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154473711","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450820105","title":"Validation of a Discrete Particle Model in a 2D Spout‐Fluid Bed Using Non‐Intrusive Optical Measuring Techniques","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidization; Particle image velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Particle tracking velocimetry; Fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Velocimetry; Fluidized bed; Digital image analysis; Materials science; Physics; Geology; Computer science; Turbulence; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"Jeroen Martijn Link","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christiaan Zeilstra","is_ca":false},{"name":"N.G. Deen","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.A.M. Kuipers","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01259978460090979,"gpt":0.1990151465872833,"spread":0.1864153619863735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001192839,0.0006587,0.0007089907,0.0005667701,0.0006833503,0.001328317,0.001036741,0.0009785692,0.0007673944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002130406,0.0004450455,0.0004271153,0.0003416803,0.0009332115,0.0006537486,0.0006139249,0.000608358,0.0001708022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001104867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001322311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02266719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006550269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999612,0.00007490261,0.00003058393,0.0000732978,0.0001567494,0.00005241887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986534,0.0007538924,0.00009483396,0.000183134,0.000225324,0.00008932877],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005004837,0.0003742295,0.003508198,0.000160525,0.00002311484,0.0001165815,0.0001343265,0.9277959,0.05744517,0.001587498,0.0001019548,0.008252123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003100327,0.0001018569,0.0004379979,0.000003582912,0.000003402649,0.000006829077,0.00001405285,0.9874363,0.01184443,0.00004584198,0.00006515509,0.000009495514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9392527,0.0001407313,0.05862506,0.00007671551,0.00004641167,0.0001123362,0.0002094718,0.0003264131,0.00121001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846971,0.00008802817,0.01458599,0.00001045281,0.000003033621,0.00005970461,0.0001042903,0.00001662262,0.000434821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02266719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04507053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998555400","doi":"10.1021/ie049837j","title":"CFD Modeling and Validation of Bubble Properties for a Bubbling Fluidized Bed","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nova Chemicals (Canada); University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Bubble; Fluidized bed; Fluent; Mechanics; Turbulence; Multiphase flow; Materials science; Fluidization; Simulation; Thermodynamics; Physics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Ian Hulme","is_ca":true},{"name":"Eric Clavelle","is_ca":true},{"name":"Loni van der Lee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Apostolos Kantzas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1170014720017778,"gpt":0.2986381531822481,"spread":0.1816366811804704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009960604,0.0004144972,0.0005474532,0.0004843551,0.0005830028,0.0006109311,0.0006325509,0.0006646611,0.000753191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001921845,0.0002381949,0.0003513319,0.0003609964,0.0004563192,0.0003932738,0.0003264566,0.0004847802,0.0001615358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008111649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001034952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01284926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005453279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996918,0.00005491751,0.00002717287,0.00003891591,0.0001469533,0.00004018778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990469,0.0005062879,0.00005265334,0.00009553556,0.0002410031,0.00005758387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005703823,0.0002901397,0.00682795,0.0001722757,0.00002337613,0.0003452069,0.0002347878,0.7430294,0.2276296,0.003063121,0.0004282657,0.01738562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003642908,0.0001558185,0.001426533,0.000005345184,0.000005710849,0.00002791719,0.00001439546,0.9445482,0.05320482,0.0001247146,0.0004367283,0.00001342319],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9077399,0.0002200921,0.08811512,0.0001377128,0.00005279093,0.0001776827,0.0007299945,0.0005096528,0.00231699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735715,0.0001482582,0.02501484,0.00001226718,0.000004206608,0.00008767161,0.0004651952,0.0000329028,0.0006631166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01284926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02554893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2296357862","doi":"","title":"Evaluation of compaction equations applied to four biomass species","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grind; Compaction; Biomass (ecology); Corn stover; Compression (physics); Moisture; Materials science; Bulk density; Yield (engineering); Composite material; Environmental science; Agronomy; Soil science; Chemistry; Soil water; Food science; Fermentation; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Sudhagar Mani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lope G. Tabil","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05973312418197817,"gpt":0.2580095931951321,"spread":0.1982764690131539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002270349,0.0007886344,0.0007913298,0.001441607,0.0002798716,0.0005801793,0.0009831885,0.0006476889,0.001449714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004483593,0.0003753858,0.0009929442,0.001276864,0.000210741,0.0006341258,0.0007208232,0.0004942137,0.0003175999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001108358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009042826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008861353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008104023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989244,0.0002145042,0.0001879423,0.0001541176,0.0004517556,0.00006722308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979854,0.001185693,0.0002400001,0.00009378055,0.0004598575,0.00003541714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008864802,0.0004535362,0.08899157,0.0008851501,0.0002601392,0.0005548687,0.0007924517,0.5016198,0.09059048,0.005354153,0.001430353,0.308181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003340478,0.000450103,0.01552658,0.00002656225,0.00008561749,0.0001386072,0.0001375285,0.9537416,0.02737059,0.0004592415,0.001988207,0.00004200812],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8454055,0.0009266275,0.1485756,0.00009747654,0.00004100538,0.0004013256,0.0007918332,0.0005614837,0.003199183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.939377,0.0006254928,0.05705131,0.00002017096,0.000006321041,0.0002751369,0.0006802319,0.0001102997,0.001854092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008861353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01761955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985714041","doi":"10.1002/aic.690471007","title":"Axial and radial solids distribution in a long and high‐flux CFB riser","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fluidized bed combustion; Flux (metallurgy); Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Materials science; Fluidization; Suspension (topology); Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Fluidized bed; Physics; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"Janne Pärssinen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jesse Zhu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005119969240685258,"gpt":0.1983300840950472,"spread":0.1932101148543619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003732195,0.0002909298,0.0004560596,0.0006159671,0.0005115426,0.0006135605,0.0003703151,0.0004924604,0.0005601023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004844389,0.0002795887,0.0002176745,0.0003635343,0.0006087347,0.0003089157,0.0002776032,0.000431994,0.0001985644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007809258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003356173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00661506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004110618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996861,0.00003066073,0.00001299067,0.00008901843,0.0001142677,0.00006696543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995509,0.0001331518,0.0000689301,0.00002707571,0.0001621594,0.00005777782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001548671,0.0001327904,0.01694736,0.00003588744,0.00001491891,0.0003050875,0.0002793114,0.004997949,0.963495,0.0002642902,0.0000984155,0.01188041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001089084,0.001942234,0.1854968,0.00001586533,0.00006543755,0.0002738377,0.0003657727,0.0563936,0.7542111,0.0002093786,0.0008134928,0.0001035407],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990736,0.00002216221,0.000603095,0.000008639381,0.000001307645,0.000002720214,0.00004285686,0.00004092899,0.0002045651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987301,0.00001809397,0.0008513478,0.000006946503,0.00000132549,0.000003014253,0.00007754415,0.000009849611,0.0003018579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00661506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01315314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026891040","doi":"10.1002/aic.13982","title":"Characterization of Mixing and Size Segregation in a Rotating Drum by a Particle Tracking Method","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Drum; Mechanics; Mixing (physics); Dispersity; Particle (ecology); Dispersion (optics); Residence time (fluid dynamics); Rotational speed; Particle size; Flow (mathematics); Tracking (education); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Chemistry; Physics; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Polymer chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Ebrahim Alizadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Olivier Dubé","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Bertrand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jamal Chaouki","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00939898973306363,"gpt":0.2360578773780371,"spread":0.2266588876449735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005553566,0.0002295691,0.0002655883,0.0007173732,0.0002610999,0.0004422783,0.0004548413,0.000370089,0.0003492369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008887156,0.0001748133,0.0002045204,0.0005228225,0.0002486411,0.0003644844,0.0001526939,0.0003011479,0.0002786562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003276889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003455645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001159533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007796116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997039,0.00004213804,0.00002173203,0.00007336841,0.0001342332,0.00002462824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995788,0.0001216716,0.0001172792,0.00004630826,0.0001125212,0.00002347062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001506824,0.00002507374,0.001797857,0.00002457852,0.000005553742,0.00003411027,0.00003708974,0.001109186,0.9866785,0.0002382345,0.00003159128,0.009867621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001086467,0.0002175229,0.004179617,0.000002692687,0.00001644984,0.000078921,0.00001454988,0.03519056,0.9597723,0.00004295581,0.000460277,0.00001314559],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9013157,0.0004659025,0.09679668,0.00002986002,0.00001552401,0.00005842859,0.0001570629,0.0003303967,0.0008304073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9355677,0.0003718147,0.06292723,0.00001665165,0.0000064169,0.00003879586,0.000224226,0.00003505181,0.0008120813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001159533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002937019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W94362843","doi":"10.1007/978-94-015-9498-1_3","title":"Particle Segregation in Granular Flows Down Chutes","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Solid mechanics and its applications","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Buoyancy; Void (composites); Mechanics; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Neutral buoyancy; Particle size; Kinetic energy; Chemistry; Composite material; Classical mechanics; Physics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"James W. Vallance","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart B. Savage","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009442754253946061,"gpt":0.2051257108863348,"spread":0.1956829566323887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002105215,0.0003044824,0.0007801043,0.0007156023,0.0008756037,0.001514261,0.0005736073,0.0008572633,0.001067679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007219872,0.0005346264,0.0003205668,0.0005582266,0.001085909,0.001278493,0.0006725387,0.0007256783,0.0003090155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008543993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003689788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001240815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008569465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998778,0.00002083346,0.000006478351,0.0000256388,0.00004662358,0.00002264464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998707,0.00006088628,0.00001914405,0.000008177224,0.00002071077,0.00002030457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009824766,0.0002462905,0.002860742,0.0006608333,0.00006325739,0.001247868,0.0006181794,0.1403531,0.1086197,0.6572825,0.008228883,0.07883611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001009196,0.0001999199,0.005544122,0.00006891055,0.00004104694,0.0006093756,0.0002257058,0.619398,0.05062277,0.305727,0.01740242,0.00005976641],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6510171,0.02272709,0.2410892,0.002616425,0.00103089,0.0001059429,0.0002049709,0.000517262,0.08069123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9533653,0.002618174,0.008706844,0.0001434614,0.0001948844,0.0000394411,0.0001392846,0.0001204888,0.03467201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001514261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006199181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083034480","doi":"10.1002/aic.14259","title":"Comparison of DEM results and Lagrangian experimental data for the flow and mixing of granules in a rotating drum","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","keywords":"Dimensionless quantity; Mechanics; Discrete element method; Drum; Mixing (physics); Particle (ecology); Work (physics); Magnetosphere particle motion; Lagrangian; Particle size; Modulus; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Mechanical engineering; Magnetic field; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Ebrahim Alizadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Bertrand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jamal Chaouki","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03703747569264501,"gpt":0.2959624125711895,"spread":0.2589249368785446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008525606,0.0002972735,0.0002626402,0.0006058998,0.0002987823,0.0003348444,0.0004434642,0.0004051056,0.0007464031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002332143,0.0001328946,0.0002809488,0.0005011514,0.0003545203,0.0003947835,0.0002307184,0.0002878639,0.0001649006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005384946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002725363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001985586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001815996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998203,0.0000484812,0.00002303401,0.00002318853,0.00006913779,0.00001598869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990925,0.0005501441,0.00006377941,0.00009641809,0.0001756199,0.00002142141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007305415,0.0003816386,0.02401088,0.0004619642,0.00003350094,0.0002942262,0.0003416324,0.8149512,0.119018,0.004533309,0.0006075283,0.03463553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004064024,0.0001326464,0.004721581,0.00001289268,0.000007308531,0.00005431413,0.00006320632,0.9031416,0.09066691,0.0003610862,0.0007767459,0.00002101144],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9619867,0.0001758073,0.03370208,0.00007355155,0.00002080335,0.00003088981,0.0004390592,0.0004282051,0.003142812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897343,0.00007920667,0.009498729,0.000007734975,0.000002822748,0.00001559953,0.0003803311,0.00002350022,0.0002578056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001985586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004508793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029193570","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.027","title":"A review of monitoring methods for pharmaceutical wet granulation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; GlaxoSmithKline","keywords":"Granulation; Process analytical technology; Process engineering; Materials science; Granule (geology); Environmental science; Computer science; Composite material; Engineering; Work in process","authors":[{"name":"Erin M. Hansuld","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lauren Briens","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1219865829851251,"gpt":0.5110336891555257,"spread":0.3890471061704006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009735952,0.001333614,0.002010669,0.004319123,0.0003039336,0.0009855443,0.00130089,0.001216832,0.002017164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001342011,0.0005609674,0.0009567369,0.003813228,0.0005435976,0.001726739,0.0007173633,0.001284814,0.001130934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003968443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008145121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009002262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001406744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994565,0.0000554418,0.0000878178,0.0001167261,0.0002526817,0.00003081266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989629,0.0005142521,0.0002151236,0.00003164599,0.0002383841,0.00003771403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007438043,0.0001299117,0.0002542107,0.02600947,0.0001109412,0.0001613413,0.00003698502,0.0004387208,0.01049036,0.001282337,0.006773014,0.9542382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003979714,0.0006845763,0.003744906,0.006825512,0.0005552938,0.003025563,0.0001227211,0.0009311485,0.01991961,0.002287469,0.9617175,0.000145935],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003467542,0.997852,0.0008909168,0.0001060717,0.0001153463,0.00001154377,0.00003897862,0.00001342259,0.0006249252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002136719,0.994987,0.001785748,0.0001640468,0.0001623518,0.00001564551,0.00006603265,0.000003609214,0.0006789344],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004319123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00674808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991128146","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2010.10.014","title":"Characterization of solids mixing patterns in bubbling fluidized beds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Mechanics; Mixing (physics); Inlet; Porosity; Fluidized bed combustion; Materials science; Fluidized bed; Fluidization; Flow (mathematics); Distributor; Thermodynamics; Particle (ecology); Aspect ratio (aeronautics); Computational fluid dynamics; Geology; Physics; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Hamid Reza Norouzi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Navid Mostoufi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zahra Mansourpour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rahmat Sotudeh‐Gharebagh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jamal Chaouki","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004772197994229446,"gpt":0.1767032827403587,"spread":0.1719310847461293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002252294,0.0001660157,0.0001630758,0.0004479604,0.0002044664,0.0004197313,0.0001408592,0.0001809413,0.0005385459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006387618,0.0001768355,0.0001187411,0.0003172401,0.0002763249,0.0002628624,0.0001061471,0.0002142795,0.00008916473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001774232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001376105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006464469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007239225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998685,0.00002520898,0.0000106493,0.00002714519,0.0000506271,0.00001786044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997123,0.0001041326,0.00006992199,0.00001837931,0.00005911947,0.00003615479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002444299,0.00002046934,0.001089523,0.00001461392,0.000002913546,0.0000273233,0.00003527753,0.000208582,0.9956737,0.00006653585,0.00001256625,0.002604086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001179185,0.0002051747,0.01454783,0.000002444132,0.00000841978,0.00006406094,0.00005305391,0.003989771,0.9808034,0.00004619274,0.0002606864,0.000007230068],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969341,0.0001279742,0.002477478,0.00001652927,0.000005987305,0.000008204086,0.00003543791,0.00002640398,0.0003679706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997549,0.00009742696,0.001839184,0.00001162427,0.000003732044,0.000006466123,0.00006281371,0.000009072375,0.0004206845],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006464469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00180167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986832508","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2005.08.028","title":"Effect of particle shape on liquid-fluidized beds of binary (and ternary) solids mixtures: segregation vs. mixing","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sphericity; Ternary operation; Particle density; Particle (ecology); Rod; Particle size; SPHERES; Materials science; Settling; Binary number; Thermodynamics; Mixing (physics); Shape factor; Fluidized bed; Chemistry; Volume (thermodynamics); Mechanics; Composite material; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Renaud Escudié","is_ca":true},{"name":"Norman Epstein","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hsiaotao T. Bi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004096599331617877,"gpt":0.2099371202884829,"spread":0.205840520956865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003948614,0.0002838752,0.0004821288,0.0003162855,0.0003322395,0.001162725,0.0002948761,0.0004623404,0.001482922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002060994,0.0003174295,0.000249242,0.0002118183,0.0003979778,0.0006027346,0.0003750313,0.0004077328,0.0004392925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003566601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000281757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006345417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007129707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997582,0.00004960341,0.00002730972,0.00004534274,0.00006340168,0.00005620947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988874,0.0006267339,0.0001492704,0.00004483492,0.0001216095,0.0001701798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007346957,0.0002513791,0.003537677,0.0001440679,0.0000548383,0.0001589877,0.00009705235,0.004626783,0.9744338,0.0003987994,0.0001360955,0.008813556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001136089,0.000757859,0.003798134,0.000007441638,0.00005862933,0.00005424178,0.0000525085,0.01353493,0.9812838,0.00009740113,0.0002250302,0.00001642792],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986746,0.0002495845,0.000505203,0.00004429411,0.00001910324,0.000005374623,0.00003029371,0.00003003687,0.0004415314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994156,0.00009876654,0.0002587522,0.00001802029,0.000006376109,0.000002270053,0.00002782814,0.00001119659,0.0001612234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001482922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004960895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983038307","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2004.03.001","title":"Hydrodynamics of turbulent fluidized beds of different diameters","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","keywords":"Fluidization; Turbulence; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Fluidized bed; Superficial velocity; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Physics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Naoko Ellis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hsiaotao T. Bi","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Jim Lim","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004156587228943308,"gpt":0.1848952742512183,"spread":0.180738687022275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000274429,0.000234109,0.0004539992,0.0005898297,0.0006008839,0.0008544555,0.0002160011,0.0004222874,0.0009421092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008178279,0.0002604167,0.0003622786,0.0003124892,0.0009451826,0.0004054369,0.0003508548,0.0005477823,0.0001304006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000951799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004890516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002182118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008704006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998268,0.000034598,0.00001062577,0.00003025664,0.00004865736,0.00004912271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995713,0.0001899847,0.00004276113,0.00001646044,0.00006594392,0.0001136558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003789424,0.0004800861,0.0110889,0.000176529,0.00006644303,0.0005511684,0.0004476898,0.1625866,0.792799,0.01402273,0.001234928,0.01275655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006176614,0.001311972,0.05416027,0.00002510402,0.00006456085,0.0001757039,0.0002841344,0.6143298,0.3242915,0.002883578,0.001708131,0.0001476326],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922776,0.0002417634,0.005539197,0.0001263713,0.00004842703,0.00001778601,0.00009127977,0.00008471686,0.001572912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981132,0.0001063412,0.0009072361,0.00002230556,0.00001561484,0.000008760427,0.0001238379,0.0000101241,0.0006926454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002182118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006905794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098143958","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2004.06.018","title":"Flow behavior and regime transition in a high-density circulating fluidized bed riser","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Syncrude","keywords":"Fluidization; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Fluidized bed combustion; Annulus (botany); Momentum (technical analysis); Flux (metallurgy); Suspension (topology); Mass flux; Flattening; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Fluidized bed; Physics; Metallurgy; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Sung Won Kim","is_ca":true},{"name":"Görkem Kirbaş","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hsiaotao T. Bi","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Jim Lim","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005540519872465719,"gpt":0.1893027752190077,"spread":0.1837622553465419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001476998,0.0001352515,0.000440633,0.0004294411,0.0005031559,0.000777828,0.0003018596,0.0004091045,0.0009515805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005364096,0.0001759064,0.0002180829,0.0001960574,0.0007038896,0.0004185865,0.0002721601,0.0004730521,0.0001561815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000644644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003772847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002014882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001084967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999133,0.00001327993,0.000004157743,0.00002194612,0.00001847173,0.00002875359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997439,0.00008991452,0.00003438317,0.00002062993,0.00003636744,0.0000747683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026713,0.0008298158,0.01009334,0.00009892195,0.00004664634,0.001076461,0.0005456973,0.04538035,0.9109401,0.005237307,0.000799037,0.02228106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002187605,0.001190442,0.03720462,0.00002258247,0.00004012063,0.0002579287,0.0002322567,0.7688156,0.188954,0.001974389,0.0009929746,0.00009631655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996796,0.0001049236,0.001995358,0.00006024674,0.00001084676,0.00001053003,0.00003207963,0.0001358073,0.0008542596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999105,0.0000293773,0.0004958254,0.00001122608,0.000003759544,0.000003250888,0.00002724148,0.00001009581,0.0003140166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002014882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004677176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130131826","doi":"10.1002/aic.690490720","title":"Spanning the flow regimes: Generic fluidized‐bed reactor model","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidization; Mechanics; Turbulence; Flow (mathematics); Classification of discontinuities; Annulus (botany); Work (physics); Two-fluid model; Fluidized bed; Range (aeronautics); Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Materials science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Ibrahim Abba","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Grace","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hsiaotao T. Bi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael L. Thompson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01862395743535076,"gpt":0.2104778236039853,"spread":0.1918538661686346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008221262,0.00102187,0.001505819,0.0007139209,0.0006915234,0.001622875,0.003094116,0.002977974,0.002039949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001311181,0.0006570851,0.001201079,0.0010527,0.001595739,0.001637347,0.001266145,0.001331567,0.0003360573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001232224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001058276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01174005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003602121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995301,0.0001155922,0.00002286696,0.0001318732,0.000101108,0.00009848973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995203,0.0001613221,0.0001136735,0.00004527621,0.00008642951,0.00007302275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029206,0.0000239848,0.0003152491,0.00002157836,0.00001536382,0.00008596359,0.00002620566,0.9723114,0.0008834701,0.02460866,0.0002530217,0.001425933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009362628,0.000006676202,0.00005809118,0.000001409333,0.000004529233,0.000008996346,0.000002308019,0.9965322,0.00008379278,0.003143472,0.0001444257,0.000004779678],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2204575,0.0009274872,0.7539312,0.001143262,0.0002027861,0.0001926055,0.001067364,0.0006470823,0.0214308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9655383,0.00041187,0.02461479,0.0001491889,0.0001029862,0.0002708861,0.000334747,0.00004382826,0.008533421],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01174005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02334344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993492838","doi":"10.1007/s10035-014-0522-4","title":"Angle of repose and stress distribution of sandpiles formed with ellipsoidal particles","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Granular Matter","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Sydney Steel (Canada)","funders":"National Cancer Institute; Australian Research Council","keywords":"Angle of repose; Sphericity; Cylinder; Discrete element method; SPHERES; Ellipsoid; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Stress (linguistics); Materials science; Distribution (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Geometry; Shape factor; RADIUS; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Composite material; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Zongyan Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruiping Zou","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Pinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aibing Yu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00422672866056539,"gpt":0.1727032189009872,"spread":0.1684764902404218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002128226,0.0002440556,0.0002580295,0.0007721768,0.0004078179,0.0006581973,0.0002016376,0.0003333519,0.00361861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004043703,0.0001739517,0.0002284444,0.0005788868,0.0005924315,0.0003108528,0.0002103395,0.0003173405,0.0002928773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003492183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002933877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002353961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001834751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998369,0.00001148503,0.00001011423,0.00003419943,0.00005336054,0.00005384905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999312,0.0002119166,0.0001437765,0.00004481721,0.0001242883,0.0001631476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005766269,0.0007117476,0.06087289,0.0002429413,0.0001449832,0.002453761,0.0007646466,0.1490741,0.7448301,0.004740834,0.002105537,0.02829221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009222203,0.001183263,0.303319,0.00003155714,0.00005280535,0.0005621729,0.001338297,0.2924455,0.3980722,0.001009999,0.001721836,0.000171103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973413,0.0000920367,0.0008319817,0.00001083715,0.00001407179,0.000004978034,0.0002549368,0.00003817761,0.001411723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998919,0.00003890319,0.0002372623,0.000001940422,0.000002152502,0.000001949079,0.0002126741,0.000007269884,0.0005789959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00361861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01210541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3100115875","doi":"","title":"Confined flow of suspensions modelled by a frictional rheology","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Rheology; Mechanics; Laminar flow; Plug flow; Materials science; Hagen–Poiseuille equation; Open-channel flow; Flow (mathematics); Dimensionless quantity; Pipe flow; Constitutive equation; Shear stress; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Physics; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Brice Lecampion","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dmitry Garagash","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005225989280356554,"gpt":0.171265737125186,"spread":0.1660397478448295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003117179,0.0007331689,0.0007604158,0.0007685284,0.0003588519,0.001078329,0.0007799419,0.001345786,0.0004153381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001334226,0.0002899305,0.0007227524,0.0003361209,0.001165568,0.000914611,0.0008999573,0.0004869637,0.0001127608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008816507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003936671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00547148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001765326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998565,0.00003529522,0.0000100038,0.000042931,0.00002219669,0.00003315711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995875,0.0001876566,0.0001038871,0.00003276781,0.00003200075,0.00005616922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001445912,0.0001375386,0.00237609,0.0001315046,0.00005810216,0.0006060773,0.0001528069,0.9449838,0.03466112,0.01458508,0.000125978,0.002037213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001333728,0.00003100619,0.0003095105,0.000004437386,0.000006622869,0.00002260684,0.000009331997,0.997617,0.0009771812,0.0009111085,0.00008991906,0.000007987821],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8725867,0.0005953257,0.1230779,0.0001891231,0.00004186596,0.00006612761,0.0001452413,0.0001160994,0.003181693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941483,0.0002098927,0.004221468,0.0000266397,0.00002161855,0.00004567617,0.00006918497,0.00001430669,0.001243076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00547148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01087922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144439299","doi":"10.1139/t11-077","title":"A new interparticle friction apparatus for granular materials","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Imperial College London","keywords":"Materials science; Stiffness; Quartz; Geotechnical engineering; Slip (aerodynamics); Immersion (mathematics); Surface finish; Composite material; Wetting; Dynamical friction; Granular material; Mechanics; Geology; Geometry; Physics; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"I. Cavarretta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irene Rocchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. R. Coop","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01804900357668067,"gpt":0.2032398228858686,"spread":0.1851908193091879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001043402,0.0009297658,0.001158893,0.002393774,0.0006377906,0.0008684038,0.001759388,0.001323868,0.002092788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001345512,0.0006577978,0.0004547373,0.001121744,0.0006257216,0.00156346,0.001233353,0.001355646,0.001149226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008876265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005736404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007302458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001133157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976846,0.0001818129,0.0001762731,0.0003733694,0.001428474,0.0001554451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985209,0.0003689941,0.000264055,0.0003379257,0.0003351144,0.0001731266],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001313952,0.00005539836,0.0007173727,0.0005065926,0.00003151438,0.0001249852,0.00006253633,0.0003176547,0.9503397,0.001696583,0.0005777171,0.04543847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004755801,0.0007355087,0.009538832,0.00005925377,0.00009431009,0.001603177,0.00003748596,0.01215101,0.9284664,0.001074105,0.04603064,0.000161604],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1479664,0.01492515,0.8244833,0.0002460259,0.001094854,0.0008423509,0.001181171,0.003798836,0.005461855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4985284,0.005465447,0.484506,0.0002292736,0.0002623451,0.0010509,0.001197337,0.000200212,0.008560146],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002393774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007001042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049619750","doi":"10.1021/ie4024148","title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized-Bed Reactor Using the Eulerian–Eulerian Approach","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence; Wood gas generator; Mechanics; Eulerian path; Fluidized bed; Biomass (ecology); Fluid dynamics; Thermodynamics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Fluidization; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Lagrangian; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Hui Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Elkamel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Lohi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mazda Biglari","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.090915272083456,"gpt":0.2873315264310451,"spread":0.1964162543475891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003300275,0.0005181442,0.0007682102,0.0003367758,0.0006192027,0.0009033629,0.0008110176,0.0009654546,0.0008668206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005847051,0.0003049387,0.0005667342,0.0003679637,0.0006515615,0.0005553325,0.0005103141,0.0005646597,0.00013581],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008634318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00167323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01975814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007086108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998567,0.00003967494,0.000009553558,0.00002332972,0.00004679284,0.00002390815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998258,0.00007687643,0.00002408199,0.00001076628,0.00004587718,0.00001670296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002483141,0.00001935932,0.0004389351,0.00002310374,0.000005609489,0.00004931431,0.0000275961,0.9905882,0.003841493,0.002730878,0.00007352185,0.002177194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004539013,0.000005635076,0.00007964899,0.000001326507,0.000001201465,0.000004234681,0.000003222134,0.9992005,0.0004132387,0.0001621981,0.0001222546,0.000001924994],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3954858,0.0007564084,0.5892214,0.0004150743,0.000148594,0.0001812285,0.0004464425,0.0004451764,0.01289992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9412485,0.0003863141,0.0545447,0.00004235552,0.00002277938,0.0001872283,0.0002418427,0.00004204171,0.003284239],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01975814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03928626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022933499","doi":"10.1002/jps.22089","title":"A PAT Approach to Improve Process Understanding of High Shear Wet Granulation Through In-Line Particle Measurement Using FBRM C35","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Women's Health Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Granulation; Granule (geology); Process engineering; Process analytical technology; Particle size; Biological system; Materials science; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Composite material; Engineering; Chemical engineering; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jun Huang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gautam Kaul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julia Utz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pedro L. Hernández","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victor W. Wong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daragh Bradley","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. D. S. Nagi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Des O’Grady","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1521146795319543,"gpt":0.3548305315450979,"spread":0.2027158520131436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007701258,0.0005923807,0.0006879086,0.0005059246,0.0004705231,0.001058961,0.0008943183,0.0009994793,0.001996271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001068534,0.0005257675,0.0004650011,0.0005059743,0.0004552803,0.001444329,0.000560273,0.0009830189,0.0005151338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004788166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006018087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002106892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001932939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995418,0.0000693387,0.00002968433,0.000102337,0.0002122566,0.00004470261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993667,0.0002072053,0.00007571377,0.0001677073,0.0001671788,0.00001545674],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009227252,0.0001441088,0.0007964546,0.0001035894,0.00002201634,0.00005444791,0.0000776891,0.004823029,0.9535443,0.001463959,0.0002207381,0.0386574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001032551,0.00010258,0.0024353,0.00000508329,0.00002197476,0.0001357191,0.00002718258,0.2002105,0.7948846,0.0003974624,0.001745137,0.00002405404],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07834756,0.0001036301,0.9184232,0.00007863477,0.00002533574,0.00007579241,0.000143067,0.001436205,0.001366579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.418288,0.0001678933,0.5798625,0.00007610758,0.00001271315,0.0001230843,0.0001436797,0.0001367307,0.001189287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002106892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006678224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054452588","doi":"10.3109/03639045.2014.983931","title":"Twin screw granulation – review of current progress","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Dow Chemical Company","keywords":"Granulation; Granule (geology); Consistency (knowledge bases); Process engineering; Extrusion; Computer science; Materials science; Engineering; Composite material; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Michael R. Thompson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09873089797207142,"gpt":0.347927209565486,"spread":0.2491963115934146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001131236,0.0009263227,0.001959282,0.004697032,0.0003858772,0.001458312,0.001219189,0.001139236,0.004795861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001310383,0.0005742181,0.0009121287,0.004846286,0.0005059188,0.001905698,0.0007759106,0.001146581,0.001999058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004955489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001579077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001282676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001884828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996095,0.00004768667,0.00008183595,0.00008944372,0.0001419098,0.00002954851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990941,0.0004527532,0.0001639903,0.00002560259,0.0002076049,0.00005594386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001002682,0.0001378131,0.0002988896,0.05176484,0.0001086179,0.0002237425,0.00009180659,0.0005384694,0.002526888,0.002795002,0.01308375,0.92833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001518939,0.0002027217,0.001077642,0.007557992,0.0002440671,0.001113551,0.0001239129,0.0001643499,0.001456453,0.001445376,0.9865626,0.00003619426],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002178076,0.9987349,0.0001512358,0.0001410498,0.00009402452,0.000005691625,0.00002931331,0.000008065058,0.0006179179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008193622,0.9984519,0.000269745,0.00007297226,0.0000771106,0.000005382615,0.00004449441,0.000001800083,0.0002571881],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004795861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01604372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1676058091","doi":"10.1029/2003gc000636","title":"Numerical modeling of geophysical granular flows: 1. A comprehensive approach to granular rheologies and geophysical multiphase flows","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Granular material; Rheology; Kinetic energy; Geology; Dissipative system; Mechanics; Multiphase flow; Geophysics; Dissipation; Viscosity; Cauchy stress tensor; Compressibility; Statistical physics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics","authors":[{"name":"S. Dartevelle","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01233003957051155,"gpt":0.2089430275493122,"spread":0.1966129879788007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005358993,0.0005689301,0.0006941808,0.000709802,0.0004950657,0.001561407,0.00111665,0.001421268,0.0009466332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001507498,0.0003145255,0.0007476976,0.0009198454,0.001348052,0.002197004,0.001592817,0.0009779511,0.00030457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007416331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007579831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002943191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002012931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997453,0.00007263749,0.00002698162,0.00003742593,0.00008988053,0.00002777566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997638,0.000075966,0.00004631233,0.00004292882,0.0000464158,0.00002457613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007410629,0.00001913695,0.0006143363,0.00007389545,0.00001541582,0.00006350479,0.0000593616,0.9323481,0.001416981,0.05812118,0.000408034,0.006852611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003546682,0.000007364646,0.000238485,0.00001958569,0.000004989879,0.0000201448,0.00001238441,0.9828965,0.000258591,0.01466771,0.001863898,0.000006784772],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04563937,0.002532156,0.9339492,0.00105744,0.0001493884,0.0001023274,0.0005387293,0.0004148033,0.01561665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7812566,0.005291814,0.2044402,0.0002378447,0.0002646917,0.0003948512,0.0004656062,0.0001743807,0.007473912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002943191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005852103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077210293","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.85.453","title":"Velocity Fluctuations in Fluidized Suspensions Probed by Ultrasonic Correlation Spectroscopy","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Suspension (topology); Spectroscopy; Materials science; Ultrasonic sensor; Dynamic light scattering; Particle velocity; Particle (ecology); Scattering; Fluidized bed; Mechanics; Physics; Optics; Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"M. L. Cowan","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. H. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"David A. Weitz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00656065020990634,"gpt":0.2383085422851258,"spread":0.2317478920752194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001960882,0.000167124,0.0002850787,0.0005622751,0.0003081538,0.000786732,0.0002512714,0.0003175618,0.0003797857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001053814,0.0002339749,0.00008386894,0.0004261384,0.0007143717,0.000471425,0.0002857996,0.0006142506,0.00009624025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004963176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002633187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001133542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006022121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997988,0.00002882123,0.000009498833,0.00004706331,0.0000788368,0.00003693245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995601,0.0001569281,0.0001267906,0.00002175959,0.00008569361,0.00004878467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001673721,0.00004957622,0.001796792,0.00002552802,0.00001349267,0.0001545938,0.00009659972,0.003665895,0.9876802,0.001317912,0.0001383698,0.004893616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007030093,0.0004165971,0.01487336,0.00001549081,0.00003459249,0.0002041061,0.0001726141,0.1561663,0.8245715,0.001750982,0.00164267,0.00008158053],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892907,0.0004298876,0.009385652,0.00007519266,0.00003132162,0.000008264739,0.00003521998,0.00007003335,0.0006735745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974814,0.0001707415,0.001931582,0.00003072726,0.00001385494,0.000007199276,0.00005713409,0.000007292173,0.0003000135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001133542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003601015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}