{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":431,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":431,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"1bb331b3fb23","filters":{"topic":"Green IT and Sustainability"}},"results":[{"id":"W2782301536","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.239","title":"Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":881,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University; Williams","keywords":"Footprint; Ecological footprint; Information and Communications Technology; Business; Environmental economics; Natural resource economics; Carbon footprint; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Economics; Sustainable development; Computer science; Geography; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03298018769850861,"gpt":0.3381145083975909,"spread":0.3051343206990823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005428271,0.0001049217,0.0001528849,0.0001648958,0.0001456487,0.00008273977,0.0001178383,0.00005449051,0.0001601629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002973821,0.00009310135,0.00008259284,0.000432451,0.00003260508,0.0003834824,0.00002425638,0.0001977257,0.00001865376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003166754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004150998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008514596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006206639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990584,0.00004864359,0.000390077,0.0001273033,0.000187019,0.0001885184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991138,0.00001294244,0.00009511667,0.0002222154,0.0004083617,0.0001475501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003417957,0.00007712968,0.003802719,0.00003297136,0.00004920863,0.000002420063,0.0007079753,0.007649689,0.003948032,0.00005033656,0.05800863,0.9256367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002867154,0.000156415,0.06781491,0.0001100968,0.00006541798,0.0002930512,0.001144737,0.0003714501,0.004095748,0.001126973,0.9242669,0.0002676352],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9685592,0.000050838,0.008949556,0.009229842,0.003200796,0.00003945672,0.000001796951,0.00008781989,0.009880699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989792,0.0000137215,0.006782649,0.00002801796,0.001871811,0.000001556549,0.000002344701,0.00001401636,0.001493834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9253691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3796563,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214625971","doi":"10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102456","title":"Climate change and COP26: Are digital technologies and information management part of the problem or the solution? An editorial reflection and call to action","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Information Management","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":721,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Viewpoints; Action (physics); Element (criminal law); Multitude; Politics; Perspective (graphical); Information technology; Climate change; Emerging technologies; Political science; Computer science; Business; Engineering ethics; Management science; Risk analysis (engineering); Engineering; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01516044126167469,"gpt":0.2542785574707131,"spread":0.2391181162090384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002811132,0.00007506154,0.00007766193,0.0001709138,0.00007846196,0.0002403593,0.0001250571,0.00003821406,0.000002225045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003251095,0.00004477371,0.00002184707,0.0001366628,0.0000326838,0.003225435,0.0001781511,0.00009678965,8.986459e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001072593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006592973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003430588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001964601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991313,0.0000137915,0.0003823664,0.00004091013,0.0003469169,0.00008474467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993057,0.00001455897,0.0002068407,0.00008641416,0.0003625271,0.00002390678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002668362,0.00003736746,0.003827458,0.0006472047,0.0002418732,0.000003849314,0.002629651,0.002371595,0.00001690684,0.005951856,0.007110815,0.9768946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002591377,0.0003172437,0.1629503,0.0006601557,0.0001490251,0.0001873621,0.04051458,0.009318431,0.0006297479,0.00497613,0.7773374,0.000368177],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8766565,0.0002690576,0.05273758,0.02778954,0.0306845,0.003644655,0.0001888151,0.0003594685,0.007669942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970608,0.001034088,0.001183171,0.0001242861,0.000513758,0.00003579741,0.00001378059,0.000004213429,0.00003012058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9765264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2338362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2568193293","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.001","title":"ICT and environmental sustainability: A global perspective","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Telematics and Informatics","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":627,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Information and Communications Technology; Developing country; Sample (material); Sustainability; Business; Scale (ratio); Work (physics); Environmental economics; Industrial organization; Economics; Economic growth; Computer science; Engineering; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00482761047209612,"gpt":0.2250280210032061,"spread":0.2202004105311099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001781306,0.0001386734,0.0001849361,0.00002105729,0.0002759239,0.0002111218,0.0001212011,0.00006401449,0.00001019901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001377023,0.0001244368,0.00002727394,0.00001885099,0.0002325277,0.0004124981,0.0001378907,0.0000970128,0.000002706864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002640603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001858517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002905049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001202034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993467,0.000005959845,0.0002599103,0.00006004744,0.0001147507,0.0002126406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994164,0.0000227664,0.00006190318,0.000361421,0.00003684171,0.0001006919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000491473,0.0002317711,0.5186572,0.009903171,0.0004432983,0.00003575229,0.08937827,0.001172708,0.00002073583,0.2119402,0.002378565,0.1657892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001165337,0.0001765157,0.218574,0.00004643691,0.00008599694,0.00007361367,0.137855,0.4728453,0.00004767329,0.1651096,0.003336268,0.0006842946],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855214,0.0001543205,0.001583836,0.0001307679,0.00004665186,0.0002726377,0.00002867305,0.0000670313,0.01219466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998513,0.00010211,0.001292352,0.00002197037,0.00001753733,0.000007090425,0.000002957029,0.00000736168,0.00003566372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4716725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5074385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281786142","doi":"10.1038/s41558-022-01377-7","title":"Aligning artificial intelligence with climate change mitigation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Climate Change","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":461,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"Thomas and Stacey Siebel Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Climate change mitigation; Perspective (graphical); Environmental resource management; Computer science; Environmental science; Artificial intelligence; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02938920828564719,"gpt":0.2580505007950115,"spread":0.2286612925093643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004152044,0.0002328157,0.0002156743,0.0001573839,0.0003738028,0.0000504001,0.000216289,0.0001625901,0.0002516647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000156354,0.0002266947,0.00006514294,0.0005179006,0.00004479995,0.0002824261,0.0001556089,0.000813021,0.0000263759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002503679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007726988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001544569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009855685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984221,0.0000552592,0.0002304183,0.0003145966,0.0003469624,0.0006306708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994506,0.00004294459,0.00005678065,0.0002900294,0.00007026282,0.00008935087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001276916,0.000896414,0.1011164,0.007124658,0.0003024424,0.001362173,0.09303014,0.006225033,0.007223899,0.190137,0.002030228,0.5892747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003327392,0.005156592,0.1753967,0.001695356,0.001015642,0.0008008988,0.1419349,0.426413,0.07387561,0.05376799,0.1029448,0.01367099],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873511,0.002760138,0.0002262528,0.001492888,0.001799332,0.001446778,0.0003469535,0.001096353,0.003480176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977258,0.0002031942,0.0002379548,0.0003702625,0.0005796742,0.0006810901,0.0001383644,0.00005904107,0.000004627915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5756037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9244342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166527817","doi":"10.1109/mcom.2009.5116800","title":"DRX mechanism for power saving in LTE","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Communications Magazine","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Telecommunications link; Computer network; User equipment; Network packet; LTE Advanced; Idle; Wireless; Node (physics); Mode (computer interface); Power (physics); Wireless network; Base station; Real-time computing; Telecommunications; Operating system; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01981309062016432,"gpt":0.268686490520471,"spread":0.2488733999003067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002141224,0.0001009201,0.0001332051,0.0001064157,0.0000777587,0.00002308922,0.0005149336,0.0000591944,0.00001555751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007033088,0.0001126887,0.0000508954,0.0002225059,0.00002662445,0.0001175856,0.0000335593,0.0001670531,0.00003142144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001163665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001558437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000656101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002164689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993856,0.00002758463,0.0002250006,0.00009720144,0.0000568372,0.0002077721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985381,0.00009937521,0.00001881246,0.001205956,0.00009765354,0.000040066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009258805,0.001607905,0.004513183,0.0003605321,0.0001262136,0.00001449566,0.007505784,0.0134034,0.1375487,0.6899518,0.03973296,0.1051425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003448525,0.0003780104,0.1130466,0.0001679592,0.00006338969,0.00001624294,0.0007826121,0.3111651,0.004666152,0.4233882,0.1413838,0.001493407],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7665984,0.001871554,0.1117049,0.01354627,0.000982909,0.002474235,0.00005569446,0.001498824,0.1012672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889853,0.00007332772,0.01040872,0.0001226526,0.00001884094,0.00006255588,0.00001401388,0.00001538581,0.0002991706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2977617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4595311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169230786","doi":"10.1145/2714560","title":"Framing sustainability as a property of software quality","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the ACM","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Framing (construction); Sustainability; Computer science; Software; Software quality; Business; Software development; Engineering; Programming language; Biology; Civil engineering; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06238472254005423,"gpt":0.3244806711102615,"spread":0.2620959485702073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009141327,0.00007981553,0.0001812056,0.00002940323,0.00007770552,0.000006896068,0.009239156,0.00005854403,0.000004932353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04187673,0.00005121685,0.00009199911,0.0002641355,0.0003576637,0.00009213441,0.006215453,0.0001888944,0.00000216686],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001858662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002195354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008601954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001592351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990732,0.0002283918,0.0003398831,0.00007968639,0.0001551202,0.0001237398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9763517,0.0002979702,0.0000824592,0.02249265,0.0007255033,0.00004976247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009398994,0.000986637,0.8895924,0.002818204,0.000221384,4.334462e-7,0.0233263,0.009854747,0.001057502,0.0166284,0.01820016,0.03721984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005631503,0.00006467978,0.1692518,0.00006973327,0.00005157753,0.000002482729,0.01152189,0.002647119,0.003925573,0.7921192,0.01949133,0.000291434],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986531,0.001093795,0.0003618666,0.00776088,0.00007520997,0.0005226613,0.00001213938,0.0001352258,0.003507194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854177,0.00001446921,0.01436745,0.00001203794,0.000004814734,0.00002581974,0.000003195307,0.000009954452,0.00014455],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7754908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236859744","doi":"10.1109/icse.2015.179","title":"Sustainability Design and Software: The Karlskrona Manifesto","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vienna Science and Technology Fund; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Manifesto; Sustainability; Conversation; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Sociology; Political science; Engineering; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05638633299317324,"gpt":0.2862198170053897,"spread":0.2298334840122164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009255825,0.0004582618,0.0003299763,0.0001892877,0.0001034791,0.0002162284,0.0009265438,0.000189175,0.00005569202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002316596,0.0003949136,0.00009191038,0.0002042749,0.0001245847,0.0003984297,0.0001231211,0.000594084,0.0000503185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000803327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002508531,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006890377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001243248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977818,0.00007691946,0.0004416683,0.0004746841,0.0006544355,0.0005705637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974971,0.000496001,0.0000637301,0.0007783711,0.0008296967,0.0003351113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002403103,0.0001677932,0.0179162,0.0004501613,0.0003893813,0.0001852231,0.002775504,0.9152333,0.0002524198,0.009716153,0.03441386,0.01825971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003478941,0.0007077951,0.02777393,0.0003342796,0.0001455307,0.0002704736,0.00201837,0.881946,0.003201157,0.03430468,0.04261425,0.003204576],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2416243,0.0003028841,0.7497332,0.001280115,0.004230238,0.0009421931,0.00004005472,0.001508786,0.0003381624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843827,0.00004103343,0.01443341,0.0000816749,0.0003701102,0.0001573444,0.00001361941,0.00008012226,0.0004399537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7427584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2780817904","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2017.12.026","title":"Software sustainability: Research and practice from a software architecture viewpoint","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Systems and Software","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Resource-oriented architecture; Software development; Software engineering; Software system; Architectural pattern; Computer science; Software architecture; Software construction; Software evolution; Software design; Software design description; Social software engineering; Systems engineering; Engineering; Software","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03257197511214964,"gpt":0.3166073258037304,"spread":0.2840353506915807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002990232,0.0002747283,0.0006584069,0.0002086542,0.0007516285,0.000746415,0.0004432863,0.0002554146,0.00001034987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01452547,0.0002198458,0.000110063,0.0001025915,0.0003724983,0.0008032122,0.0002365885,0.001094177,0.000001957377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003022175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002137816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007048841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006876994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975318,0.000301072,0.0006878312,0.0003069946,0.0006618499,0.0005104898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947442,0.001787606,0.0003433612,0.0007658791,0.001980191,0.0003787829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001493981,0.0005051538,0.4342285,0.01415463,0.001443766,0.003584923,0.02399203,0.006071604,0.0001676543,0.000892547,0.01543726,0.498028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007048035,0.002881116,0.4047735,0.004247825,0.0005696418,0.005772664,0.06141385,0.0009259807,0.000104956,0.1950894,0.3146521,0.002520914],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.893738,0.03275014,0.06890902,0.002321656,0.001055941,0.0008546766,0.00007768509,0.0001813467,0.0001115951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881533,0.000528616,0.01031854,0.00003642216,0.0006388135,0.00002001166,0.000003268739,0.00006167151,0.0002393118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.495507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2201200918","doi":"10.1109/ms.2015.158","title":"Requirements: The Key to Sustainability","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Software","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Social software engineering; Software requirements; Paradigm shift; Software engineering; Software Engineering Process Group; Software development; Sustainability; Key (lock); Computer science; Software peer review; Focus (optics); Personal software process; Software; Engineering; Software construction; Systems engineering; Engineering management; Computer security; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02696040185903763,"gpt":0.2627659894617791,"spread":0.2358055876027415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005012446,0.0001397794,0.0001304567,0.00003663907,0.0001280676,0.00003373242,0.0002923337,0.00005978187,0.00002333578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008284907,0.0001042815,0.00005558837,0.0002672899,0.00005137965,0.0001303109,0.00007658624,0.0001428641,0.00007220612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005839989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000104752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009547611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007370548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989876,0.0000443394,0.0001806739,0.0001798632,0.0002416548,0.0003658816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987555,0.00006086532,0.00001169247,0.000587762,0.0003759408,0.0002082421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001635926,0.0002377478,0.2840909,0.0009644974,0.0001816874,0.0001112558,0.05359955,0.1566838,0.0001199094,0.001179098,0.3916114,0.1110566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001301553,0.0003247694,0.04797833,0.0000363581,0.00005752505,0.00001289572,0.01141689,0.002702089,0.001623278,0.06162327,0.8717584,0.001164615],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9625895,0.0001507064,0.03235855,0.001166516,0.0009630463,0.0006475878,0.000009621101,0.0008079954,0.001306463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983048,9.051367e-7,0.0006329431,0.000192064,0.0001274564,0.00006862306,0.000002348756,0.00002442357,0.0006463985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4801471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4252478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015941169","doi":"10.1145/2597073.2597097","title":"GreenMiner: a hardware based mining software repositories software energy consumption framework","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Android (operating system); Computer science; Software; Testbed; Energy consumption; Embedded system; Power consumption; Embedded software; Operating system; Database; Software engineering; World Wide Web; Power (physics); Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008026446724302194,"gpt":0.205929372294728,"spread":0.1979029255704258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001724668,0.0002563194,0.0002699926,0.00009232455,0.0001519055,0.00008591425,0.0001817645,0.0002451255,0.000335545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005480272,0.0002484872,0.0001112584,0.0001702834,0.00006713402,0.0001644609,0.00004158676,0.0001767487,0.00001882356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001116127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003141234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008840033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001041539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987077,0.00005596166,0.000304563,0.0003049371,0.0002344834,0.0003923213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987327,0.0003797239,0.00003806571,0.000554636,0.0001499014,0.0001449454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006324902,0.00007357611,0.8408246,0.001039868,0.0001103067,0.00004285078,0.0007974897,0.01980284,0.0001734599,0.005102633,0.02400359,0.1079655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003205118,0.0006553445,0.2103186,0.0008982753,0.0003339831,0.00007604249,0.001350938,0.3390067,0.01849441,0.02103671,0.3995755,0.005048407],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1176966,0.000187002,0.8783928,0.00006825598,0.0007186509,0.00008983676,0.000007472576,0.001856594,0.0009827343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.911177,0.000004280746,0.0874347,0.0001609514,0.0002988683,0.00004366946,0.00004657056,0.00005488002,0.0007790545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7934804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032552610","doi":"10.1007/s10796-013-9458-1","title":"Phone2Cloud: Exploiting computation offloading for energy saving on smartphones in mobile cloud computing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Information Systems Frontiers","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cloud computing; Android (operating system); Mobile device; Mobile cloud computing; Computation offloading; Efficient energy use; Computation; Embedded system; Mobile computing; Context (archaeology); Operating system; Distributed computing; Edge computing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006405268328832486,"gpt":0.1974536957036676,"spread":0.1910484273748351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003932374,0.0001834888,0.0002792883,0.0003244799,0.0001278778,0.0002102261,0.0001083138,0.0001074158,0.000002996586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000496128,0.0001968194,0.00006581304,0.0002419176,0.00001756911,0.001223467,0.00001863443,0.000108971,0.00002771785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004379741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002000886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003958398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009075491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998556,0.0000403211,0.0007369761,0.0001162906,0.000189779,0.0003606554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938,0.000111435,0.0001417764,0.0001317886,0.0001652062,0.00006980151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001137903,0.00001134462,0.00402846,0.0005672783,0.00002662838,4.115591e-7,0.006569033,0.8975086,0.00009011667,0.0004082427,0.01117556,0.07960294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006133685,0.00003505188,0.001572798,0.0001308002,0.00000372285,0.000002356074,0.02069228,0.9669623,0.0001960686,0.0001362522,0.009409357,0.0002456774],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5483754,0.0001495466,0.4465311,0.00001078567,0.002497419,0.0007540695,0.000005962375,0.0002769604,0.001398756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979236,0.000004985909,0.001461113,0.00003710829,0.0001636509,0.0002979207,0.00006468487,0.0000214034,0.00002554507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4495482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8026061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2344496621","doi":"10.1145/2884781.2884869","title":"Energy profiles of Java collections classes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bytecode; Computer science; Java; Context (archaeology); Energy (signal processing); Set (abstract data type); Java bytecode; Energy consumption; Programming language; Operating system; Java annotation; Java applet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00593581275538677,"gpt":0.1901725220792191,"spread":0.1842367093238323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002396088,0.0000390057,0.00005940516,0.00004040713,0.00001998722,0.000003417981,0.00003582025,0.00002663831,0.0003837899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001705507,0.00002421131,0.00002474245,0.000128516,0.00002409849,0.00004236886,0.000007994071,0.00001122945,0.00000372455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003089738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001596407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007455944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001515399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997455,0.000005894376,0.00008117987,0.00004575795,0.00003920348,0.00008245835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997903,0.00004145672,0.000005284961,0.00009670932,0.0000452742,0.00002104425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003482664,0.000220493,0.0916663,0.0004218818,0.0002269645,0.000006274373,0.0003567757,0.000764018,0.171375,0.1772515,0.4238735,0.1338025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007148017,0.0001304644,0.01878014,0.00003505715,0.00002054614,0.000005155043,0.0005935782,0.004456228,0.6620232,0.01892428,0.2939263,0.000390288],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4961739,0.0001208626,0.08421263,0.0003543641,0.0003064425,0.0001248088,0.00001377124,0.000548989,0.4181442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785057,0.00001463392,0.0002615821,0.000003631422,0.0000170921,0.00001056975,2.867336e-7,0.000005440359,0.02118111],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4906482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.420223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379356448","doi":"10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102668","title":"Artificial intelligence for digital sustainability: An insight into domain-specific research and future directions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Information Management","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Sensemaking; Creativity; Knowledge management; Domain (mathematical analysis); Sustainable development; Action (physics); Engineering ethics; Management science; Computer science; Sociology; Engineering; Data science; Political science; Psychology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02598279672759698,"gpt":0.3149030827987951,"spread":0.2889202860711982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009703123,0.00008700912,0.00009686139,0.0009236898,0.0001246579,0.0004480418,0.0002830434,0.00004361101,0.0000153326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004449331,0.00008125338,0.00005381604,0.0004196891,0.00006925267,0.002100653,0.00008574749,0.0001625595,0.00001361665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004303298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002716761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002300767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004649299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986665,0.0000186491,0.0005555864,0.00007206848,0.0005102572,0.000176971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981095,0.00008348566,0.00007297627,0.0001175993,0.001537274,0.00007915446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001300984,0.00004008957,0.00015533,0.0001260098,0.00008908394,0.00001224867,0.006548929,0.003014107,0.000003724964,0.1286487,0.00116556,0.8600662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001104927,0.0001077964,0.002448147,0.00001295108,0.000003226422,0.000009421046,0.02319935,0.003962801,0.00004430428,0.201352,0.7686644,0.00008512061],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5135907,0.0002768714,0.4648537,0.008880523,0.00411137,0.001320034,0.00004433591,0.0002826253,0.006639826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947604,0.0007886943,0.003515523,0.00002808756,0.0007188517,0.00004692694,0.00006572423,0.00001253491,0.00006326108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8599811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4320477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1007985657","doi":"10.3390/su71215843","title":"Organizational Green IT Adoption: Concept and Evidence","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Green innovation; Knowledge management; Industrial organization; Process management; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02025344143632665,"gpt":0.2513353689161478,"spread":0.2310819274798211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005791508,0.000158796,0.0001745804,0.00004535656,0.00007597034,0.00004387915,0.0001403745,0.00009886026,0.000088588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001462613,0.0001592377,0.0000313497,0.0003259594,0.0002344594,0.0003659722,0.00009535968,0.0001558994,0.00000923207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009969185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004188784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001725658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004304341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998878,0.00007938804,0.0002349047,0.0002701941,0.0002406658,0.0002968415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979096,0.0001158212,0.00002137527,0.0003514503,0.001362895,0.0002388799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008478313,0.0001087276,0.9318036,0.001587057,0.00005038288,0.00005398971,0.01418909,0.006740702,0.00002356504,0.02451672,0.008778023,0.01206334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00174522,0.0003559098,0.5397697,0.00007030469,0.00007443513,0.00005917232,0.02441281,0.02091187,0.0003173579,0.3900408,0.02094255,0.001299819],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849755,0.001886399,0.004615502,0.005640872,0.0002421077,0.0006474432,0.000006660859,0.0005024588,0.001483026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990028,0.000008854173,0.0002542021,0.00006898523,0.0001067063,0.00001969309,0.000005929586,0.00001796844,0.0005148828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3920339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6493523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2398625819","doi":"10.1145/2889160.2889217","title":"Sustainability design in requirements engineering","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"European Social Fund; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Vienna Science and Technology Fund; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; University of Leicester","keywords":"Sustainability; Work (physics); Process (computing); Sustainability organizations; Social sustainability; Software Engineering Process Group; Engineering; Process management; Engineering ethics; Software; Knowledge management; Engineering management; Computer science; Software development; Software development process","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01311796638906292,"gpt":0.2207097609912715,"spread":0.2075917946022086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004046165,0.0001133419,0.0001179012,0.0000894542,0.00001145492,0.00001006869,0.0001083633,0.00005479507,0.0001274721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002442327,0.00008053878,0.00002989389,0.0001659166,0.00001794746,0.0002016022,0.0000259204,0.0000552808,0.0000167504],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006358782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000282595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002287777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001458181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991912,0.00002254886,0.000195143,0.0001478811,0.00009353476,0.0003497346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995336,0.0001013851,0.000005703293,0.0002438517,0.00005385661,0.00006160843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001267177,0.0003022887,0.5126564,0.001377796,0.0001033828,0.0001993972,0.001423599,0.1606935,0.03094488,0.02100657,0.006058299,0.2651072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005106372,0.0002588414,0.6505741,0.0001809773,0.00002195113,0.00001053178,0.001049923,0.2054,0.05446643,0.05950523,0.02114014,0.002285533],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5673733,0.00004702947,0.4290118,0.0003830921,0.0001562481,0.0004284125,8.264963e-7,0.0005601546,0.002039095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998261,0.000004801258,0.001320216,0.000006366608,0.00001684018,0.00003597654,1.946841e-7,0.00001633541,0.0003382719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4308876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3284276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023465818","doi":"10.1021/es303012r","title":"Comparing Embodied Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Modern Computing and Electronics Products","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; Carnegie Mellon University","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Laptop; Electronics; Computer science; Process (computing); Environmental science; Process engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00558378250294848,"gpt":0.1936341757607611,"spread":0.1880503932578126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000143547,0.0001106445,0.0001564423,0.0001884976,0.0001571693,0.00001420442,0.0002816512,0.00006857521,0.00001529992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002836221,0.0001060998,0.00001333427,0.0003780724,0.001041154,0.0001688453,0.0002549786,0.0001891676,0.000007509067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001840842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001732268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001329239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005149063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990066,0.000006176609,0.0001693608,0.0002636613,0.0001465107,0.0004077475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996057,0.000009973496,0.00003170053,0.0002804777,0.000007958059,0.00006420141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000174205,0.00008072264,0.1768309,0.00004068002,0.000008267478,0.000001784668,0.0005720921,0.004315274,0.72381,0.0008192087,0.00002894628,0.09349046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005288072,0.0002478348,0.1588101,0.00003061113,0.00001777817,0.0000584174,0.001595846,0.5184709,0.2983368,0.02068457,0.0006690821,0.0005492072],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976246,0.0004993466,0.0007715056,0.0001493044,0.00003122662,0.0002207002,5.847287e-7,0.0001917447,0.0005110003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986926,0.00004289448,0.001218526,0.000004200452,0.000006165253,0.000007173419,6.841752e-7,0.00001019089,0.00001757937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5141557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4326625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996162360","doi":"","title":"Truth in Advertising: The Hidden Cost of Mobile Ads for Software Developers","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Android (operating system); Computer science; Revenue; Mobile apps; App store; Software; Cover (algebra); World Wide Web; Mobile device; Internet privacy; Computer security; Operating system; Business; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008646664074005639,"gpt":0.2227930755192762,"spread":0.2141464114452706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001523357,0.00006662037,0.0001044241,0.00002974416,0.00001725865,0.000004223342,0.0001160897,0.00003975665,0.00007923221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001622116,0.00003452517,0.00003651896,0.00008773934,0.00003439391,0.00006223953,0.00001806739,0.0000295996,0.000003607887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000087482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003199861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002386208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009294662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995337,0.000009125993,0.0001555614,0.0000803313,0.00005636082,0.0001649596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995199,0.0002412284,0.000009727626,0.0001559953,0.00004970951,0.00002339303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006177527,0.00004679536,0.13345,0.0003279153,0.00004342775,0.000002129462,0.001869145,0.001454983,0.00119917,0.002308437,0.003929378,0.8553069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009632927,0.0005247299,0.6606522,0.0004100417,0.00008387495,0.00001072213,0.01443796,0.01421482,0.09901351,0.02345013,0.175639,0.001930134],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9464118,0.0001086372,0.0506918,0.0001408629,0.0001406686,0.0006658218,0.00001265655,0.0001188183,0.001708919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978781,0.000006522163,0.001499521,0.00001237866,0.0000114709,0.0001166546,9.912378e-7,0.00001202501,0.0004623834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8533767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1407896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117503282","doi":"10.1007/s11036-012-0370-6","title":"A Survey of Energy Efficient Wireless Transmission and Modeling in Mobile Cloud Computing","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mobile Networks and Applications","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cloud computing; Mobile cloud computing; Mobile device; Wireless; Energy consumption; Transmission (telecommunications); Mobile computing; Efficient energy use; Energy (signal processing); Computer network; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01114820666419553,"gpt":0.2278013560846367,"spread":0.2166531494204412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003013987,0.00008582829,0.0001489819,0.00003357964,0.00005845601,0.000008969118,0.00004428295,0.00006518958,0.000002149848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001063914,0.00008347422,0.0000160199,0.0002044489,0.00003132856,0.00002567762,0.00002372118,0.00008350554,9.187868e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001872271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005106718,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001980598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004214515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994036,0.00002869756,0.0002051131,0.000115587,0.00004678484,0.0002002008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996758,0.00008236233,0.00001814019,0.0001158702,0.00003086453,0.00007699777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002266694,0.00004679703,0.01154029,0.0000395386,0.000002878993,3.743824e-8,0.0001220016,0.8889028,0.00003606093,0.000188705,0.000005121047,0.09911344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001198902,0.000008945262,0.009201724,0.00001569717,0.00000430807,6.306739e-7,0.0001209289,0.989771,0.00002516729,0.00002383723,0.0006240327,0.00008381296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5945421,0.004488585,0.4007009,8.918856e-7,0.0000153032,0.0001851571,0.000002260403,0.00002274,0.0000420204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993047,0.0003540433,0.00006110468,0.000003075497,0.00005396033,0.0001925631,0.00001574766,0.00001199124,0.000002790709],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4047626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.340398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3035995712","doi":"10.1007/s00766-020-00336-y","title":"Requirements engineering for sustainability: an awareness framework for designing software systems for a better tomorrow","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Requirements Engineering","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Agència per a la Competitivitat de l’Empresa; Generalitat de Catalunya; European Commission","keywords":"Sustainability; Software system; Software; Software engineering; Computer science; Software requirements; Paradigm shift; Social software engineering; Software development; Systems engineering; Engineering; Knowledge management; Process management; Engineering management; Software construction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04336728618799263,"gpt":0.2860637086809677,"spread":0.2426964224929751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007339094,0.0006893571,0.0007765697,0.0002005884,0.0002327684,0.0002474359,0.0005460519,0.000331384,0.000006029452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00187277,0.0008040476,0.0003287323,0.0003612932,0.00002313319,0.0007499979,0.00008502627,0.00026714,0.000001394676],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008641576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001104065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001272701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001344964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964789,0.00002326871,0.0008850332,0.0008217254,0.0003670003,0.001424107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977947,0.0005311582,0.0001007725,0.0006081217,0.0004943198,0.000470964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002127193,0.00008069037,0.00323368,0.01820365,0.000423723,0.000008254051,0.001381704,0.9615985,0.00636662,0.003586366,0.0004142186,0.004489881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001625512,0.0004488328,0.0002276131,0.000303107,0.000155589,0.000002344804,0.0005351593,0.9822161,0.003937542,0.001310032,0.008163756,0.001074408],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09595858,0.0004593683,0.8961608,0.0001413748,0.001144803,0.004547633,0.0001443922,0.001439587,0.000003407523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8209204,0.000007977861,0.1733875,0.00008881205,0.001027773,0.004007793,0.000178882,0.0003633719,0.00001749424],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7249619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055319645","doi":"10.1109/mcom.2011.5978422","title":"Leveraging green communications for carbon emission reductions: Techniques, testbeds, and emerging carbon footprint standards","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Communications Magazine","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ericsson (Canada); Prompt (Canada); Université du Québec à Montréal; University of Toronto; McGill University; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Carbon footprint; Greenhouse gas; Green computing; Information and Communications Technology; Computer science; ICTS; Environmental economics; Order (exchange); Telecommunications; Carbon fibers; Business; Cloud computing; World Wide Web; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0421068088996008,"gpt":0.2877380426786624,"spread":0.2456312337790616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007402714,0.0002401366,0.0002647356,0.0001866597,0.0004119332,0.00003533053,0.001064385,0.0001251349,0.000004480306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001160662,0.000266143,0.00007127434,0.000367171,0.0003037199,0.00008495366,0.0004078528,0.0004203159,5.209594e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003337977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009177285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003201457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986835,0.0001132518,0.0004829974,0.0002419307,0.0001624078,0.0003159811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957112,0.0001568983,0.00008566397,0.003462362,0.0004600067,0.0001238668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018692,0.001403263,0.03881742,0.001946785,0.0006786428,0.000006520609,0.03062891,0.0001630456,0.1311095,0.008985348,0.004018926,0.7820547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002262241,0.0004321247,0.01379975,0.000761596,0.0005629958,0.0001148216,0.005293547,0.3137771,0.0442722,0.04238367,0.5737071,0.002632855],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.696494,0.02548282,0.02359988,0.01085801,0.001279082,0.006977754,0.0002595255,0.006299557,0.2287494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9587927,0.00168487,0.03853584,0.00001273869,0.00005749968,0.000522345,0.00004014789,0.00006470463,0.0002891481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7794219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282047953","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.2022.4442","title":"Green Cloud? An Empirical Analysis of Cloud Computing and Energy Efficiency","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cloud computing; Efficient energy use; Vendor; Computer science; Cloud testing; Software as a service; Green computing; Cloud computing security; Environmental economics; Software; Business; Economics; Engineering; Marketing; Operating system; Software development","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01029689421457102,"gpt":0.2543286193654958,"spread":0.2440317251509247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008958001,0.00007938945,0.0001489069,0.0004519962,0.0002997431,0.00003079678,0.0004277393,0.000009243902,0.00004168375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007144216,0.00008153811,0.00004083293,0.003039428,0.0002049817,0.00009632626,0.0004932109,0.00006003465,2.876696e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001018315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000895954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001509469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002703671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988126,0.00003649788,0.0001779376,0.0002876188,0.0004259503,0.0002594422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999548,0.00002134849,0.00002830188,0.0003063844,0.00002502982,0.00007099919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008527483,0.0001512293,0.1671312,0.0001097849,0.0001561984,0.00002416347,0.00272029,0.7575774,0.0002343322,0.01587726,0.000206513,0.05580309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007834988,0.00004708068,0.1458523,9.830526e-7,0.00008593103,5.292503e-7,0.001478594,0.8504027,0.00002876639,0.0002905681,0.001630457,0.0001038339],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745103,0.00004314606,0.02054222,0.00004790175,0.0001686342,0.00005011735,0.000002553484,0.00007532816,0.004559847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994262,0.000002651339,0.0003640245,0.00005071974,0.00001470853,0.000004150135,0.00000244484,0.00000437793,0.000130764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09282523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3325028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034169615","doi":"10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00431.x","title":"Sources of Variation in Life Cycle Assessments of Desktop Computers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Industrial Ecology","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Energy consumption; Computer science; Industrial ecology; Environmental economics; Work (physics); Consumption (sociology); Environmental science; Product (mathematics); Climate change; Production (economics); Engineering; Economics; Sustainability; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02581260106013052,"gpt":0.2658706228935888,"spread":0.2400580218334582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009018086,0.00006091312,0.0003133747,0.0001775382,0.000008887188,0.000003091321,0.0001070603,0.0001778356,0.0000502786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002979372,0.00005678672,0.00005887721,0.0001415526,0.00002935753,0.0001676567,0.0000197904,0.0002528183,4.830478e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000129124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001148622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003678512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001483817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989753,0.0001117055,0.0006112708,0.00003386638,0.0001068298,0.0001610185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992763,0.0002065255,0.0002895645,0.0000628894,0.00009549496,0.00006917976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001053293,0.0002027501,0.9370203,0.00003661415,0.0001001177,0.000003933032,0.0007251301,0.05494074,0.0005924054,0.0001387415,0.0003185324,0.005815385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002190459,0.0003619803,0.9906434,0.0000273099,0.00003574508,0.00001221824,0.000421397,0.00479405,0.0009009727,0.0003336885,0.0002006411,0.00007813613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976453,0.00004150403,0.0008794339,0.00006106569,0.001128915,0.0000722308,0.00000137025,0.000003863042,0.0001663768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992406,0.000005017224,0.0004661508,0.000008625007,0.0002709814,6.801307e-7,3.308586e-7,0.000005215929,0.000002387892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05362308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2315695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976905670","doi":"10.1109/tetc.2014.2387752","title":"Energy Cost Models of Smartphones for Task Offloading to the Cloud","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; King Saud University","keywords":"Computer science; Cloud computing; Task (project management); Mobile device; Process (computing); Energy consumption; Mobile cloud computing; Energy (signal processing); Embedded system; Real-time computing; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03346589894819612,"gpt":0.2635642005685142,"spread":0.230098301620318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003888492,0.0001202185,0.0001730851,0.0001291163,0.00009734214,0.00001584559,0.0001804985,0.00005504878,0.000001762241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001184213,0.0001113413,0.00007384238,0.0002948262,0.00002014284,0.00006015425,0.00000288009,0.0001482005,7.713421e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000146209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002894958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001907685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003515351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991325,0.00003188757,0.0002966152,0.0001526525,0.0001310241,0.0002553161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994412,0.0001445035,0.00002510443,0.0002325731,0.00009334911,0.00006324135],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001163172,0.00002141473,0.00003822879,0.00003772914,0.00001385445,5.1937e-7,0.002205586,0.9292378,0.00005126535,0.0005623384,0.0001818743,0.06763776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000288618,0.00003472074,0.0000213867,0.00004284165,0.00000959118,0.000001185932,0.0006691752,0.988479,0.003175128,0.001975211,0.005175664,0.0001275433],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1051486,0.00004724472,0.8922002,0.0003261628,0.001628746,0.00020622,0.000006427041,0.00008390624,0.0003524662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968453,0.000005092515,0.002810725,0.00005166775,0.0001613431,0.00002716923,8.528567e-7,0.00002024733,0.00007759246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8916968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4540368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2526509045","doi":"10.1109/jsyst.2015.2446205","title":"Hybrid DVFS Scheduling for Real-Time Systems Based on Reinforcement Learning","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Systems Journal","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Frequency scaling; Reinforcement learning; Computer science; Adaptability; Energy consumption; Scheduling (production processes); Power consumption; Distributed computing; Set (abstract data type); Real-time computing; Embedded system; Power (physics); Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02017293328588481,"gpt":0.2381789084793867,"spread":0.2180059751935019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00222635,0.0002439092,0.000404877,0.0001972309,0.0002106121,0.0002658576,0.0001965869,0.00009425195,0.000007852335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001769781,0.0002201695,0.0001468851,0.00009480482,0.00001823018,0.0001796947,0.000008853065,0.000423168,0.0000610065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008130957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001680717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007764735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.650911e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979787,0.0001462427,0.0006647207,0.0001805557,0.0005018858,0.0005279077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986523,0.0001311746,0.0001693672,0.000259163,0.0004151066,0.0003728901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005235867,0.00001108018,0.0004027789,0.0003722836,0.00004701487,0.00003486347,0.0001478975,0.9943812,0.0006085038,0.0000422085,0.003761221,0.0001385686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001137574,0.0002815029,0.00001977759,0.000319994,0.00002397101,0.0001340115,0.0004241999,0.9888777,0.0002310585,0.00002338076,0.008273804,0.0002530796],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.573952,0.0005959848,0.4029279,0.00006289575,0.009101008,0.001472241,0.000008952106,0.0006209013,0.01125811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971161,0.00000767571,0.0002404849,0.000006309876,0.001253671,0.00006159409,0.000007004993,0.00006217176,0.001244977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4231642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8978252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131704937","doi":"10.5555/2664446.2664458","title":"Green mining: a methodology of relating software change to power consumption","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mining Software Repositories","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Software; Computer science; Consumption (sociology); Power consumption; BitTorrent; Power (physics); Operating system; The Internet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06653757338892163,"gpt":0.2953637917156099,"spread":0.2288262183266883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006982178,0.0002436303,0.0004128785,0.0001544261,0.0001332659,0.00002235823,0.0001583094,0.0002228889,0.00002592401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001662627,0.0002545336,0.00009729923,0.0002589347,0.00008043136,0.0003410202,0.0001107771,0.0001604404,0.000008251431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001404054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002394073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001460211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002225864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983762,0.0001394482,0.0004708588,0.0002349079,0.0002322242,0.0005463501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998256,0.0008777983,0.0001061409,0.0003965916,0.0001828114,0.0001806971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002368602,0.00002084556,0.9393493,0.0003686055,0.00006039938,0.000007600598,0.04649954,0.00007873096,0.0006287851,0.00004788187,0.0003235029,0.01259114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006061072,0.0005080538,0.9636118,0.0004526826,0.000201688,0.0001711644,0.01090661,0.0001414911,0.01211232,0.0002114428,0.009863535,0.001213131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704406,0.001385883,0.02518821,0.00003102662,0.00189002,0.0002552415,0.000009682086,0.000652495,0.0001468421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8204187,0.000003049008,0.1788812,0.00002210902,0.0003638851,0.00007355347,0.000007398307,0.00004880596,0.0001813076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1536929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999907,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W45156785","doi":"","title":"UNEARTHING THE VALUE OF GREEN IT","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Conference on Information Systems","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Embeddedness; Value (mathematics); Resource (disambiguation); Set (abstract data type); Natural resource; Computer science; Scale (ratio); Management science; Knowledge management; Sociology; Engineering; Social science; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01593382308832901,"gpt":0.2466912935142692,"spread":0.2307574704259402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003205038,0.0000717474,0.00008012249,0.00008359604,0.00003763582,0.00009914122,0.0002777106,0.00005464123,0.0001017641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004900598,0.00005233641,0.00003464645,0.00006340176,0.00003675831,0.0005059941,0.00001962318,0.0001976433,0.00009901442],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002803983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003163232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003366225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003555977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992176,0.00001496189,0.0003404504,0.00003919615,0.0003051113,0.00008262951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993244,0.00004906439,0.00007971738,0.0001713155,0.0003499755,0.00002550927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001361745,0.000009023702,0.002946759,0.0001197965,0.00005080472,4.151408e-7,0.005068092,0.01609777,0.0007934388,0.9675671,0.001288195,0.006044929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000304832,0.00002783701,0.008521891,0.00006487196,0.000005048131,0.00001290962,0.004816798,0.8926422,0.0007168318,0.001477563,0.09124394,0.0001652702],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6483188,0.000005237761,0.005645993,0.001588658,0.003870187,0.0003538678,0.00004830437,0.000140602,0.3400283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995558,0.000002307778,0.00003017153,0.00005907207,0.00007687609,0.00001975278,0.00001633598,0.000003399295,0.0002362686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9660896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2134217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605177178","doi":"10.17705/1cais.04003","title":"The Sustainability Imperative in Information Systems Research","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Relevance (law); Information system; Field (mathematics); Green computing; Knowledge management; Engineering ethics; Management science; Computer science; Political science; Sociology; Business; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03462928370496487,"gpt":0.3361272652840925,"spread":0.3014979815791277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007997293,0.0001071191,0.0002009664,0.000164705,0.002270726,0.0009314931,0.002826433,0.0001550737,1.492087e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009243698,0.00007631179,0.00009710849,0.0003123672,0.0002004172,0.002887777,0.0005038478,0.0003652962,0.00001166726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002187608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002018281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009094289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002729408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976659,0.0004421461,0.001008586,0.00005325572,0.000521528,0.0003085864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9908139,0.001285805,0.000733463,0.003555007,0.003578344,0.0000334543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004528525,0.00004964109,0.1139426,0.001163351,0.000146462,1.401996e-8,0.01707898,0.05598354,0.00001150558,0.7936919,0.01222884,0.005657895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009606258,0.00003154726,0.1422311,0.0001028995,0.0000166039,8.069928e-7,0.03812261,0.1744448,0.00005776453,0.002824533,0.6409947,0.000211994],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3273602,0.004370468,0.005407109,0.03540944,0.01302737,0.0491819,0.001660586,0.001011773,0.5625712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986061,0.00008997315,0.00002576737,0.00000552473,0.00002259042,0.0009054141,0.00004592583,0.000006173831,0.0002925109],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7908674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322580330","doi":"10.1177/20539517231158994","title":"The world wide web of carbon: Toward a relational footprinting of information and communications technology's climate impacts","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Big Data & Society","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Internet Society Foundation; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Carbon footprint; Information and Communications Technology; Big data; Climate change mitigation; Environmental economics; Greenhouse gas; Telecommunications; Environmental resource management; Computer science; Economics; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05201531136187061,"gpt":0.2712900727471685,"spread":0.2192747613852979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006319016,0.00005313869,0.00008518212,0.00004466718,0.00009853367,0.00001341737,0.0003649649,0.00005127,4.093284e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002165756,0.00004465508,0.0000275107,0.0005657585,0.0001746511,0.0001647424,0.0006425538,0.0001385053,7.104598e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002929914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005057422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003010158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001376277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999462,0.00001247587,0.0002468353,0.00005380076,0.00009269917,0.0001321574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988376,0.0002196582,0.00006779892,0.0007881103,0.00006970552,0.00001709769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001146499,0.00002457171,0.8907654,0.001186327,0.0002307417,2.328641e-7,0.005851948,0.0006150015,0.001367937,0.01633606,0.006578842,0.07703149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004490075,0.00001604993,0.6914006,0.0000926012,0.00004422534,0.000001519606,0.01145157,0.2438331,0.000435429,0.002208196,0.04988673,0.0001809795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959899,0.0005105663,0.0001546678,0.001703584,0.00006307548,0.0001671599,0.0001226164,0.0001781973,0.001110229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975318,0.001093242,0.001217322,0.000005717741,0.000007821908,0.000007192109,0.0001275299,0.000004642322,0.000004690482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2432181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1820981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883022143","doi":"10.1007/s10664-018-9640-7","title":"GreenScaler: training software energy models with automatic test generation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Empirical Software Engineering","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Energy consumption; Software; Computer science; Heuristics; Heuristic; Energy (signal processing); Reliability engineering; Embedded system; Software engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02741990358285117,"gpt":0.2224464383631706,"spread":0.1950265347803194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001523248,0.0003857305,0.0003568584,0.0001468425,0.000145415,0.0000764388,0.0002128442,0.0001859509,0.00008640817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003486495,0.0003544639,0.00009083945,0.000487306,0.00007405629,0.000371468,0.00004690324,0.0002527528,0.00001902279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002368058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005605214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002317786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005999627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982557,0.00001742287,0.0003622206,0.0003738427,0.0003313487,0.0006594366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989001,0.0002667249,0.0000300771,0.0004003141,0.0001475091,0.0002553099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008607566,0.00009717884,0.05407498,0.0004100178,0.0001699862,0.0000847195,0.003409525,0.8292103,0.0006142274,0.0001728793,0.004882211,0.1068654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000327124,0.0001705792,0.01130964,0.0000627864,0.00002948597,0.00003641727,0.00004398392,0.9829835,0.0006205423,0.0002205417,0.003606694,0.0005887268],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3154083,0.0001241191,0.6816744,0.00003570443,0.000224477,0.000107068,0.000008358882,0.002320431,0.0000972074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9481859,0.000004386654,0.05074977,0.0000894628,0.0006684251,0.00006478862,0.00002768064,0.000119821,0.00008973913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6327777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998907,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991638420","doi":"10.1109/glocom.2014.7036809","title":"Opportunistic WiFi offloading in vehicular environment: A queueing analysis","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Upload; Computer network; Queueing theory; Vehicular ad hoc network; Cellular network; Service (business); The Internet; Server; Wireless ad hoc network; Wireless; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004685140600610564,"gpt":0.1687710580798887,"spread":0.1640859174792781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002855331,0.00009888405,0.0001872393,0.0002443253,0.00002476883,0.00001989884,0.0000767711,0.00004998484,0.0002762244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002188055,0.00009824409,0.00007775477,0.0003429994,0.00001844936,0.00006427677,0.00001983553,0.00008696682,0.00002739951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001113025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004350639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000168234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001193232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993182,0.00002907449,0.0001911642,0.000147459,0.00009743058,0.0002166344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996576,0.00003934514,0.00001123421,0.0002302938,0.000005703976,0.00005584104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004131488,0.00004797224,0.3427195,0.000140131,0.0002181842,0.00003947704,0.0003100032,0.6162531,0.002880184,0.02890017,0.00007191881,0.008415131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001465937,0.000008124177,0.08129647,0.000004686987,0.00009738344,6.171085e-7,0.0001204058,0.9123458,0.000217577,0.001851911,0.003719363,0.0001910697],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8817051,0.00005187871,0.09484267,0.00004126297,0.00002902811,0.00007937296,7.854663e-7,0.0001389111,0.023111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999024,0.00000746048,0.0004503807,0.00001447695,0.00002150893,0.000008432127,0.000007654685,0.00001134899,0.0004547039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2960927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4006278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127112528","doi":"10.5539/jms.v4n1p96","title":"Using the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework for Analyzing Nike’s “Considered Index” Green Initiative, a Decision Support System-Driven System","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Sustainability","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Nike; Sustainability; Context (archaeology); Index (typography); Process management; Balanced scorecard; Business; Decision support system; Knowledge management; Computer science; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01015312173145756,"gpt":0.2324766677901496,"spread":0.222323546058692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001763485,0.0002285995,0.0004450766,0.0003460851,0.0003369316,0.00009128221,0.0003047351,0.0001806581,0.000007117863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004353351,0.0001715827,0.0001227974,0.0004591378,0.0001413024,0.0002367552,0.0001722851,0.0003184044,5.614739e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001137715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006430983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001011534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003699115,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982136,0.0001313547,0.0007671687,0.0002345873,0.0003042808,0.0003490412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982806,0.0003397095,0.0002840504,0.0004416558,0.0005586355,0.00009534114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001562527,0.0001058726,0.8232809,0.007222063,0.0005931002,0.00006827029,0.001345029,0.07791639,0.000005867377,0.06373291,0.0002345348,0.02533884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004350877,0.0006848237,0.2091594,0.000952823,0.001444189,0.0002322831,0.1610124,0.4484749,0.0001166572,0.1658185,0.006542151,0.001210954],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3299679,0.0001244377,0.6685981,0.0003280025,0.0001428987,0.0006823571,0.000002216157,0.0000696331,0.00008451314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868169,0.00002111355,0.01298949,0.0000180054,0.00009158441,0.00001773003,0.00000133642,0.00002965107,0.0000141699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.656849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.699694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2191399453","doi":"10.1016/j.peva.2015.04.002","title":"On optimal policies for energy-aware servers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Performance Evaluation","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Server; Computer science; Leverage (statistics); Energy (signal processing); Range (aeronautics); Routing (electronic design automation); Computer network; Server farm; Mathematical optimization; Energy cost; Distributed computing; Client–server model; Environmental economics; Economics; Mathematics; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04328865261744076,"gpt":0.2841344741478501,"spread":0.2408458215304094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005276683,0.00008222537,0.00007269953,0.00005705866,0.00004898606,0.00001738603,0.00006270616,0.00004320944,0.00002177093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004728618,0.00007893266,0.00002811053,0.00008902892,0.00001269727,0.0001986253,0.000007772246,0.00003881328,0.00001438896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002796901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005909185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001575603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001446038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993758,0.00001448858,0.00010684,0.00008704029,0.0002514809,0.0001643145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995401,0.00002226435,0.00001493443,0.0001336638,0.0002393035,0.00004974947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005357485,0.00001565359,0.002139717,0.00006363332,0.00001196356,8.823859e-8,0.001063941,0.9338856,0.00002782145,0.0003944958,0.006163825,0.05617969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000532345,0.00013122,0.004327827,0.00000771036,0.00001311733,4.579714e-7,0.0002673711,0.9905817,0.001541786,0.0005794817,0.001916978,0.0001000439],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905103,0.00004498892,0.006847451,0.00008084474,0.0002857257,0.0002076215,0.00000381881,0.0001110956,0.001908163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993742,0.000005387838,0.0001754602,0.00003234949,0.0001028549,0.000131492,0.00004325857,0.00001285775,0.0001221703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05669606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.321878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2403863631","doi":"10.1145/2901739.2901763","title":"GreenOracle","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","keywords":"Energy consumption; Computer science; Software; Embedded system; Consumption (sociology); Instrumentation (computer programming); Energy (signal processing); Software engineering; Operating system; Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003156344801724889,"gpt":0.1567500805610166,"spread":0.1535937357592917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002915082,0.00002813185,0.00002833115,0.00001019626,0.000007904543,0.000002905264,0.00003455188,0.00001448109,0.0005932694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007476049,0.00001579501,0.0000131431,0.00002738912,0.000009483643,0.00005075135,0.000006330849,0.00001092302,0.0002252384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002079512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002153232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006430263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001589951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998125,0.0000015924,0.00003688127,0.00003577456,0.00002787041,0.00008531599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998566,0.00001263119,0.000001159205,0.00009376893,0.00001074064,0.00002512371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005037157,0.00001865363,0.120739,0.00005067464,0.00002126447,0.00001121279,0.000120184,0.0000789848,0.01877662,0.01592839,0.03774468,0.8065053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001170921,0.00006953701,0.403258,0.00001900866,0.000009695256,0.000008477786,0.000217439,0.003462702,0.05257351,0.04690132,0.491603,0.0007063225],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8666238,0.00002407736,0.02224475,0.0003233424,0.00009224973,0.00003655883,7.835198e-7,0.0004871623,0.1101673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996146,0.000002289508,0.0001457003,0.0000123774,0.00002029258,0.000001988398,6.856479e-8,0.000004845269,0.003666477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.805799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6495884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2757905449","doi":"10.1007/s10664-017-9545-x","title":"An exploratory study on assessing the energy impact of logging on Android applications","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Empirical Software Engineering","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Android (operating system); Logging; Computer science; Exploratory research; Operating system; Forestry; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02799635179304365,"gpt":0.333909540122141,"spread":0.3059131883290973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002785634,0.0002272413,0.0002430168,0.00009054694,0.0002941637,0.0001439982,0.0004674335,0.00007484163,0.000009066564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002007427,0.0001682116,0.0001177091,0.0001097408,0.00004149809,0.0002724846,0.00005230238,0.0002776688,0.000003900225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002030229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003139071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002813277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005949967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989699,0.00003682205,0.0002366424,0.0002359193,0.0002219479,0.0002988202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984396,0.0002586147,0.00005391705,0.001073402,0.00005066612,0.0001238716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009612633,0.0003379398,0.4270007,0.0000601557,0.0001047957,0.00001359957,0.001216546,0.5619192,0.0005448166,0.00005896116,0.0001781725,0.008555499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003265531,0.00035256,0.9600316,0.00003502712,0.00002280456,0.000001832849,0.000468606,0.03695501,0.0006742689,0.0001093066,0.000695638,0.000326792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9006576,0.00004614396,0.0984735,0.00001799859,0.0001113483,0.0002114987,0.000005438925,0.0003786535,0.00009785537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99947,0.000002152094,0.0001975908,0.00001318096,0.0001508662,0.0001078149,0.000003819674,0.00004931438,0.000005239566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5330309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.685947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805828232","doi":"10.1007/s10664-018-9629-2","title":"What can Android mobile app developers do about the energy consumption of machine learning?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Empirical Software Engineering","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Android (operating system); Energy consumption; Implementation; Facial recognition system; Multimedia; Feature extraction; Software engineering; Operating system; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01064170486006739,"gpt":0.2364697327071582,"spread":0.2258280278470909,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002172495,0.0002221446,0.0002450875,0.00008174524,0.000100892,0.00006526616,0.000214767,0.0001212339,0.0001547754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002279613,0.0001767351,0.00008524151,0.00029493,0.0001086219,0.00016281,0.00006975102,0.0002798371,0.00001189983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001428366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002787871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004448331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003895847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99889,0.00003096258,0.0002947643,0.0002079648,0.0002081098,0.0003681307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992586,0.0002222483,0.00003126569,0.0002684932,0.0001079742,0.0001114552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004951037,0.00008102103,0.5245548,0.0007695589,0.0002714078,0.00002267845,0.008665725,0.3925394,0.001307631,0.0001618655,0.001887419,0.06968897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001531358,0.0005472779,0.2746798,0.0004096765,0.0001154108,0.00007373177,0.001125838,0.300677,0.01825181,0.0001923513,0.4004335,0.001962233],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9418951,0.003248714,0.05326625,0.00003566625,0.0006622068,0.0001550472,0.000006965699,0.0006849961,0.0000450201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985456,0.0002528513,0.0007947812,0.00003890895,0.0001408936,0.00004899888,0.00001393212,0.00004919068,0.0001147791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3985461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7207047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996741051","doi":"10.1109/twc.2019.2957092","title":"Dynamic Pricing for Revenue Maximization in Mobile Social Data Market With Network Effects","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Education - Singapore","keywords":"Computer science; Dynamic pricing; Revenue; Pricing strategies; Operator (biology); Wireless network; Mathematical optimization; Microeconomics; Wireless; Economics; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01122894838971518,"gpt":0.2479370063474688,"spread":0.2367080579577537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002564281,0.0001364304,0.0001981355,0.00009326138,0.000242802,0.00002829596,0.0006522161,0.00009117537,0.00001385319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003307798,0.0001465518,0.0000398756,0.0004243645,0.00005194122,0.0002131312,0.00000772125,0.0002991316,0.000006319794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001925513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004168495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003381716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001888048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991608,0.0001002736,0.0002122409,0.0001978655,0.00009132549,0.0002375195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979359,0.0003954375,0.00003698465,0.001547435,0.00005386567,0.00003039464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001189761,0.0003261938,0.001160827,0.0006355819,0.0001080798,8.553565e-7,0.001114982,0.9094501,0.0003654309,0.0001684733,0.0006386298,0.08591187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008238624,0.00007296028,0.003654705,0.0001273123,0.0000456653,0.000001594262,0.0002124726,0.9926873,0.00009572531,0.0001761522,0.001869009,0.000233192],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2347656,0.0001934139,0.7618675,0.0001920511,0.0002349101,0.001943379,0.000182493,0.0002016646,0.0004189958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99382,0.0001687731,0.005074864,0.00001716045,0.00001106596,0.0005510985,0.0001036591,0.00004333791,0.0002100016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7590545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5976207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2250533127","doi":"10.7939/r3-qv6m-f341","title":"The Power of System Call Traces: Predicting the Software Energy Consumption Impact of Changes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Alberta Library","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Energy consumption; Profiling (computer programming); Software; Software system; System call; Tracing; Software development; System software; Embedded system; Operating system; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004033363380838767,"gpt":0.15648299724934,"spread":0.1524496338685012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008761386,0.00007278943,0.0001403603,0.00003597115,0.0000750457,0.000005401635,0.0002408817,0.00005672958,0.00003770727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002438097,0.0000497536,0.00009391794,0.00007621008,0.0001320292,0.0001671553,0.00005592438,0.00005785087,5.676716e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002389292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002471555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001600633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003837839,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995747,0.00006417037,0.00009856522,0.00006746813,0.00008385936,0.0001112137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991094,0.0005211338,0.0000749727,0.0002334902,0.00002918885,0.0000317439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003738795,0.00009033162,0.9158859,0.002567344,0.0007482772,0.000004625801,0.03969422,0.01396102,0.0005154166,0.01109853,0.005958144,0.009102269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002265603,0.001009254,0.7909905,0.0009743655,0.000338754,0.00001705646,0.04119749,0.1323171,0.006705506,0.0004896532,0.02294724,0.0007474854],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995938,0.0001855447,0.0005542412,0.00007751006,0.00005174358,0.0000702752,0.000008929153,0.00004663683,0.003067113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994876,0.00003834232,0.00005665992,0.000002118459,0.00001032841,1.116901e-7,0.000006201527,0.000007850691,0.0003907619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1248955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2419689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410019315","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-08832-3","title":"Using life cycle assessment to drive innovation for sustainable cool clouds","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"WSP (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Sustainability; Cloud computing; Greenhouse gas; Environmental economics; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Business; Production (economics); Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007695373566136388,"gpt":0.3042933583650517,"spread":0.2965979847989154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002270759,0.0001025375,0.0001285491,0.000169058,0.0001031754,0.00004879074,0.0001038354,0.0004576601,0.000009945068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002492171,0.0001064431,0.00003324784,0.0009373601,0.000008646402,0.0001091475,0.00004254908,0.0005944413,7.505225e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004540092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001646755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001707509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007649387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993207,0.00001035894,0.0001571965,0.000146253,0.00009730094,0.0002681368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992639,0.00003390295,0.00001512612,0.0001811679,0.0004683265,0.00003760441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000149502,0.0001174458,0.009074915,0.002393439,0.0001636075,0.00001777154,0.0009828438,0.3447525,0.00399416,0.5372214,0.08899654,0.0121359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00191271,0.0001187203,0.04990693,0.0001086208,0.00009094537,0.00000178837,0.006228528,0.5283228,0.004116151,0.0533163,0.3550937,0.0007828897],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8954677,0.0001634196,0.09791537,0.0007962575,0.0003995454,0.0008596092,0.000007315115,0.0001821388,0.004208642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934082,7.071148e-7,0.004978305,0.0006871528,0.00007474,0.00005141073,0.00001544732,0.00001437237,0.0007696796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.483905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4340625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160282202","doi":"10.1145/2413038.2413062","title":"Exploring initial challenges for green software engineering","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Breakout; Sustainability; Software; Engineering; Engineering management; Process (computing); Software engineering; Green computing; Software development; Computer science; Systems engineering; Efficient energy use; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07060960159239622,"gpt":0.2348167140928424,"spread":0.1642071125004461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002690756,0.0007370046,0.0006401544,0.0003657698,0.0001342178,0.00008837447,0.00078022,0.0002783161,0.00008168485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05099652,0.0008257398,0.0002999837,0.0003382737,0.00003627818,0.001158755,0.0002292209,0.0005020232,0.00009276861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002406157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003701696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001063155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001175254,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972078,0.00001513481,0.0006007936,0.0005989938,0.0003440264,0.001233256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9799911,0.01821323,0.00005334429,0.001088332,0.0002768551,0.0003770858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007665975,0.0003009766,0.1721522,0.01913599,0.001217834,0.0001244635,0.008627833,0.3023615,0.008435643,0.001125662,0.002213449,0.4842277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004324548,0.0007769383,0.8463779,0.001352413,0.0003520685,0.0001240125,0.0008306541,0.04303722,0.03709867,0.0009385102,0.05648175,0.008305309],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9358378,0.00414607,0.04914225,0.0002636397,0.001859098,0.001387297,0.00007024259,0.007286021,0.000007582304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9446689,0.0002506796,0.05208661,0.00002465898,0.0007910706,0.001766481,0.00005368861,0.0003289272,0.00002900787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6742257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994193,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014082364","doi":"10.1145/2030112.2030159","title":"An empirical approach to smartphone energy level prediction","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Oracle; Energy consumption; Energy (signal processing); Emulation; Adaptation (eye); Work (physics); Energy management; Real-time computing; Embedded system; Software engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05784496382953228,"gpt":0.2339551022951223,"spread":0.17611013846559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008474904,0.00008284415,0.00008193883,0.00004993087,0.00002645209,0.000009453446,0.00009153847,0.00006618249,0.0001170999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006475183,0.00007319115,0.0000255139,0.0001298795,0.00001192735,0.0001071355,0.0000147272,0.00005254112,0.00001631207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005204291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009527859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002488562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006221775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994748,0.00001477558,0.0001109239,0.0001424676,0.0000800331,0.0001770134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995841,0.000004255442,0.000003450852,0.0002342735,0.00003332883,0.0001406279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002319778,0.002644911,0.5802487,0.0003386263,0.0002243696,0.00002104987,0.03034347,0.02375062,0.005325965,0.02522055,0.1321888,0.199461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002976205,0.0001923282,0.7994416,0.000002027045,0.00001238824,0.000007426343,0.001024309,0.1798549,0.005492702,0.00169789,0.01165027,0.000326581],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3787754,0.000007379275,0.4940673,0.00001174607,0.0001367574,0.00006488664,0.00000478977,0.0004638457,0.126468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892692,7.261771e-7,0.009847984,0.00006741314,0.00006475261,0.00002518968,0.000009592212,0.00001434847,0.0007007884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6104938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2984648,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387380561","doi":"10.1557/s43579-023-00480-w","title":"Toward artificial intelligence and machine learning-enabled frameworks for improved predictions of lifecycle environmental impacts of functional materials and devices","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MRS Communications","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Proxy (statistics); Computer science; Limiting; Ecosystem services; Relevance (law); Life-cycle assessment; Sustainability; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Risk analysis (engineering); Engineering; Ecosystem; Business; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03699221864395958,"gpt":0.2527698939221404,"spread":0.2157776752781809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002202058,0.00007065457,0.000134123,0.00006975284,0.00012786,0.00001559027,0.0001168966,0.00008363477,0.00002560589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001094342,0.0000727791,0.00002489123,0.0001103838,0.0001544425,0.00007746749,0.0001283708,0.0001426013,9.057806e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002084696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001098935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006092328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006820656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999487,0.00003718692,0.0002482743,0.00007788998,0.00004400779,0.0001056766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993215,0.0002767613,0.00005000673,0.0002862271,0.00002622562,0.00003931055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004724005,0.0009644204,0.1319629,0.003140514,0.0009739558,7.543202e-7,0.01793516,0.0862659,0.6519689,0.02241488,0.0005233915,0.08337677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002717053,0.0002244045,0.1898059,0.00005795617,0.0001070373,0.000003446148,0.003960755,0.7661248,0.0230317,0.01503837,0.001124106,0.0002498138],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775937,0.0005749759,0.02058104,0.0004876267,0.00006080431,0.0003291115,0.0002401467,0.00009351238,0.00003903417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980713,0.0005558452,0.001115448,0.000004846178,0.00001218776,0.00005735277,0.0001580805,0.00001121744,0.00001371905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6798589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2967845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346911060","doi":"10.17705/1cais.03830","title":"Green IS Research: A Modernity Perspective","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Modernity; Reflexivity; Perspective (graphical); Sociology; Sustainability; Epistemology; Engineering ethics; Sustainable development; Environmental ethics; Social science; Computer science; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Ecology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07250995953248723,"gpt":0.3233350032758284,"spread":0.2508250437433411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001789978,0.00006327671,0.0001197065,0.000125263,0.0002925371,0.00004336415,0.001117065,0.00009098132,0.000001478102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001309249,0.00004212308,0.00009591693,0.0003146537,0.00006821009,0.0006733491,0.0002244728,0.0001150578,0.00003326271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001280544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005700767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003065764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004569303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988899,0.0001755572,0.0003902185,0.0000445888,0.000339563,0.0001601224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954399,0.0006530326,0.0002034864,0.001544557,0.002132033,0.00002700397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003053948,0.00008493,0.03942364,0.0004795092,0.0004089176,6.640182e-9,0.03607444,0.001587743,0.0004562725,0.8509869,0.06388758,0.006579521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001540859,0.00005091545,0.02896192,0.0001867285,0.00004937855,0.000001133056,0.01864585,0.0449401,0.001226211,0.03343604,0.8706238,0.0003370691],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09452476,0.002012975,0.02613452,0.06440802,0.002438874,0.01209378,0.003394944,0.001293396,0.7936987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982605,0.00003700533,0.0001124642,0.00001773822,0.00001827464,0.0001943078,0.000007694935,0.000006570444,0.001345427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9037358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3348579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071398118","doi":"10.1145/2593743.2593749","title":"Green mining: energy consumption of advertisement blocking methods","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Blocking (statistics); Computer science; Energy consumption; Converse; Overhead (engineering); Advertising; Consumption (sociology); Web page; Phone; Energy (signal processing); Smart phone; World Wide Web; Telecommunications; Engineering; Business; Computer network; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01462950204922117,"gpt":0.2694870814437147,"spread":0.2548575793944935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003032748,0.00007397877,0.0001285949,0.00004813456,0.00001703808,0.00000413814,0.00006716385,0.00004305752,0.0001934725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002788887,0.00006908079,0.00004021834,0.0000545347,0.00002187581,0.00003771061,0.00002423127,0.00002960561,0.000001872082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003385054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004432882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001199701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004483374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994707,0.00005289936,0.0001807733,0.00008742501,0.00007545176,0.0001328173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996551,0.00008079864,0.00001773543,0.0001693444,0.00003748461,0.000039522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009706931,0.00003542244,0.07217413,0.000441066,0.00008048375,9.993795e-7,0.0006680833,0.005615148,0.01535183,0.01220681,0.0006627823,0.8927535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008129257,0.0001193713,0.07059427,0.00004461049,0.00006171846,0.000003653211,0.0003511572,0.7201806,0.1506463,0.003911897,0.05280018,0.0004733128],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4561748,0.0001107536,0.5279561,0.00003152943,0.0001264553,0.00004453256,4.419993e-7,0.0001557547,0.01539964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743882,0.000007363887,0.02519017,0.00001972088,0.00002398529,0.000006049745,0.000001532635,0.000009516898,0.0003534055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8922802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2817033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165689510","doi":"10.1109/icsm.2015.7332477","title":"GreenAdvisor: A tool for analyzing the impact of software evolution on energy consumption","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Energy consumption; Computer science; Software; Work (physics); Change impact analysis; Consumption (sociology); Profiling (computer programming); Android (operating system); Software development; Software engineering; Engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02180328459492633,"gpt":0.2629958298066115,"spread":0.2411925452116852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002003455,0.00007877357,0.0000993649,0.00004740525,0.00002896765,0.000009014393,0.00006613262,0.00004337459,0.00002501739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001217593,0.00004947276,0.0001033718,0.00007834168,0.00002362834,0.00007094607,0.000009498398,0.00003773462,0.000002597246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002691351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003592579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000459624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008465911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995644,0.00001829089,0.0001297486,0.0000742903,0.00007301299,0.0001402341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995663,0.00008999848,0.00001959026,0.0001809711,0.0001060848,0.00003711418],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000253737,0.00009191841,0.4620101,0.0001964674,0.000217434,9.080199e-7,0.0005921205,0.4504491,0.0006282615,0.008589739,0.01696494,0.06000532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001939258,0.0008171186,0.3845181,0.0000397898,0.00007471345,0.000005271805,0.0004002396,0.5839896,0.001827178,0.02478011,0.00110516,0.0005034888],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6748314,0.0001111088,0.3245187,0.00001590977,0.00004752524,0.0001226408,0.00000899851,0.00009711143,0.0002466477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994674,0.000003307488,0.0003650508,0.000003669564,0.00003098842,0.0000190905,0.000007501413,0.000009408011,0.00009361629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.324636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.201744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107863216","doi":"10.5626/jcse.2011.5.4.338","title":"Personalized Battery Lifetime Prediction for Mobile Devices based on Usage Patterns","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computing Science and Engineering","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; National Research Foundation of Korea; National IT Industry Promotion Agency; Ministry of Knowledge Economy; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Battery (electricity); Mobile device; Real-time computing; State (computer science); Operating system; Power (physics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0109451444757498,"gpt":0.2128551227716837,"spread":0.2019099782959339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001017308,0.0001002517,0.0001480973,0.0002224742,0.000090532,0.00005184019,0.0001564129,0.00003021035,0.000006441746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008433842,0.00008764187,0.00005221301,0.00017937,0.00004537399,0.0002438903,0.00001429748,0.0001265241,3.216772e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007940726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000423752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001941245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.710749e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999182,0.000006063791,0.0002358394,0.0001007575,0.0002469467,0.0002283869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995067,0.00009447084,0.00005113082,0.00007864559,0.0001650099,0.0001040614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004502699,0.00006503864,0.06549773,0.0006625642,0.00003500811,0.00001637192,0.003920529,0.9084839,0.006611699,0.00007852646,0.000102011,0.01448163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002880869,0.0002015519,0.1013879,0.0001295202,0.00001139235,0.0000150231,0.00018952,0.8964658,0.0009500761,0.00001052733,0.0002574443,0.00009316059],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8483058,0.00005270509,0.1510422,0.00001021875,0.0003792331,0.00008487026,0.000002001157,0.00004677549,0.00007625617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954243,0.000003573588,0.004396721,0.00002889052,0.0001311159,0.000002125438,2.42157e-7,0.00001055962,0.000002448939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1471186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3573932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607477801","doi":"10.1287/isre.2020.0921","title":"Matching Mobile Applications for Cross-Promotion","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Information Systems Research","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Leverage (statistics); Mobile apps; Matching (statistics); Analytics; Promotion (chess); App store; World Wide Web; Data science; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07115770294658356,"gpt":0.3770349994372165,"spread":0.3058772964906329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008507062,0.00006586922,0.00009753037,0.0001069736,0.0002019511,0.0003152658,0.000168329,0.00007212452,0.0000140272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004054899,0.00006567028,0.00003671446,0.0003485054,0.00003057493,0.0009174792,0.00003172757,0.00017323,0.0003166496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001397173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003579781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004073271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001351579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989731,0.00003348015,0.0003355759,0.0000753921,0.0003283184,0.0002541399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990392,0.00009053265,0.00002410861,0.0001712324,0.0005689759,0.0001059341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008747497,0.00006111784,0.002936218,0.01961167,0.0000917576,0.000001058749,0.0436663,0.7684435,0.002097264,0.04956933,0.01975051,0.09368385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004730464,0.0001088875,0.0004389706,0.0000188823,0.000002256617,0.000002361726,0.009005737,0.3450612,0.0005917858,0.0009502125,0.643167,0.0001796583],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.219996,0.0001393631,0.7566767,0.0001946822,0.0002158797,0.006499484,0.0001121617,0.0007144718,0.01545125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965339,0.000003743219,0.0001785797,0.00000987733,0.0001811495,0.00293146,0.00007384861,0.00001010796,0.00007738722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7765378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4069995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3032079824","doi":"10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30130-8","title":"Digital health at the age of the Anthropocene","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet Digital Health","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"U.S. National Library of Medicine; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Aging","keywords":"Information and Communications Technology; Paradigm shift; Digital health; Upload; Consumption (sociology); Business; Engineering; Telecommunications; Health care; Computer science; Political science; World Wide Web; Sociology; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02703951698876808,"gpt":0.2713264373557392,"spread":0.2442869203669711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002559901,0.0001497795,0.0003562279,0.000008212661,0.0002462816,0.0000884749,0.0005105417,0.00002852157,0.00001588485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009442461,0.00007170888,0.00010625,0.0002731043,0.0002737737,0.0001638021,0.0001954735,0.0002596645,0.00002632826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001582399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001343978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005778325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006533183,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987238,0.00005146737,0.0003240165,0.0001529373,0.0002480352,0.0004997625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990695,0.0001308743,0.0000805498,0.0005736966,0.00002546084,0.000119885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003359418,0.000237929,0.2322104,0.005081252,0.0002060064,0.00001865076,0.0193007,0.00612918,0.00003048891,0.005031409,0.2987202,0.4326978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002319013,0.0009681159,0.3944415,0.0002629919,0.00001726173,0.00005064396,0.004542878,0.006773839,0.000360495,0.01072223,0.5787202,0.0008208166],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8036914,0.002737671,0.0004367647,0.1592138,0.0004081599,0.001101829,0.0007008494,0.0003622349,0.03134725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961038,0.000107328,0.000006189222,0.003294205,0.0002246768,0.000005976908,0.00002591788,0.00002449386,0.0002073698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.431877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2924203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2487311990","doi":"10.1109/tnet.2016.2590320","title":"Performance Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization of Delayed Mobile Data Offloading for Mobile Users","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Queueing theory; Processor sharing; Computer network; Key (lock); Mobile broadband; Cellular network; Distributed computing; Mobile device; Wireless; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02397800597879845,"gpt":0.2498403927074172,"spread":0.2258623867286187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002814049,0.000154878,0.0002461335,0.0002003823,0.0001448033,0.00001894486,0.000258017,0.00009212916,0.00002051166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005856871,0.0001347564,0.00008354903,0.0004327538,0.00003581275,0.0002988027,0.000006919667,0.00008865564,4.908325e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007688427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001736646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002367413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007408918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998992,0.00001581706,0.0003201452,0.0002906915,0.0001166,0.0002647151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998969,0.0001531685,0.00004494187,0.0006921219,0.00007916641,0.00006161538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003896342,0.00001928181,0.0008097279,0.00005999916,0.0002284878,1.487714e-7,0.0001126115,0.9380154,0.0001883203,6.945704e-7,0.00001154075,0.06051484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003481255,0.00008333475,0.00003071027,0.00004956009,0.0003179463,7.780935e-7,0.00008083657,0.9981062,0.0005971772,0.00002442865,0.0001992294,0.0001616239],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3224646,0.0001327815,0.6767602,0.000004760875,0.0001974708,0.0002874377,0.00004971453,0.00008895946,0.00001405421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847813,0.000706046,0.0142305,0.000004258136,0.00007014893,0.0001256458,0.00002584092,0.00003061416,0.00002568336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6625297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5495207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W29491000","doi":"10.1373/clinchem.2017.277954","title":"Green IT: An Implementation Framework","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Americas Conference on Information Systems","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Computer science; Sustainability; Green computing; Mechanism (biology); Empirical research; Knowledge management; Process management; Management science; Data science; Risk analysis (engineering); Engineering; Business; Cloud computing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02572158274982923,"gpt":0.3076565136151482,"spread":0.281934930865319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001889372,0.0001430175,0.000169154,0.0001214786,0.00007309228,0.0001815118,0.000148367,0.00007429017,0.0000985731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000120707,0.0001373244,0.00003162239,0.0002188517,0.00002201238,0.001317259,0.000006199054,0.0001420588,0.0002343388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001037194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003263469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002437943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006487463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989789,0.00004231063,0.0004232874,0.00008542665,0.0002456073,0.0002244882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993261,0.0000232376,0.00009242534,0.0002934706,0.0001655284,0.00009920997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003722819,0.00004377649,0.002785225,0.0002049264,0.00003862599,0.000002888929,0.01891742,0.01227395,0.0001185263,0.2618792,0.004232699,0.6994655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017658,0.002542119,0.08843936,0.0002978178,0.00004992445,0.0000433892,0.1563866,0.5733764,0.0005615627,0.01420434,0.1600717,0.002261067],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4809786,0.00004350573,0.3714229,0.001855421,0.001331716,0.001817177,0.00007554361,0.001739866,0.1407353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990532,0.00001198651,0.0002977549,0.0004355905,0.00006283328,0.00003584378,0.00007442641,0.000005660187,0.00002270529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6972044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5599928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973052765","doi":"10.1007/s11367-009-0076-6","title":"Integration of life cycle assessment in the environmental information system","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment","topic":"Green IT and Sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"CATAAlliance","funders":"","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Sustainability; Procurement; Product life-cycle management; Electronics; Environmental impact assessment; Product lifecycle; Manufacturing engineering; Systems engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Environmental economics; Business; New product development; Production (economics); Marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007154917285276653,"gpt":0.2540957006791328,"spread":0.2469407833938561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001315303,0.0001256475,0.0002005938,0.000154378,0.00004423466,0.00009515776,0.0006391158,0.00004551398,0.00002982742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005043118,0.0000784563,0.0001175204,0.00009570857,0.00003343213,0.0006241125,0.00003330524,0.0003659252,0.000003267116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000712614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001474211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003148197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008972294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978954,0.0001252364,0.0008757147,0.00005730098,0.0009128252,0.000133525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999172,0.0001221579,0.0003514469,0.0001801479,0.0001182199,0.00005606188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003662688,0.0009370355,0.05125482,0.0001532182,0.0006882119,0.00004618899,0.01075267,0.8096458,0.005716805,0.0307861,0.001896262,0.08775662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009587469,0.000158968,0.7991895,0.00007940266,0.00002544171,0.00003557322,0.01164112,0.1862516,0.0001304831,0.001020951,0.0003979102,0.0001103109],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809747,0.0000573488,0.01324198,0.002647012,0.0004712306,0.0002065348,0.00001115942,0.00001560427,0.002374398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988497,0.00003394271,0.0006279534,0.0002921945,0.0001690648,0.000007298013,0.00001096258,0.000005744952,0.000003082124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7479347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3199355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}