{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":2300,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":4,"predictions_cover":2300,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"c5991a607e24","filters":{"topic":"Heavy metals in environment"}},"results":[{"id":"W2047988525","doi":"10.1126/science.1083545","title":"The Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Metals in the Oceans","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental chemistry; Plankton; Nutrient; Seawater; Water column; Biogeochemistry; Chemistry; Microorganism; Nitrogen cycle; Redox; Bioavailability; Environmental science; Nitrogen; Ecology; Biology; Inorganic chemistry; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"François M. M. Morel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Neil M. Price","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04238689335506507,"gpt":0.3285285942427842,"spread":0.2861417008877191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002270895,0.0007739574,0.000885369,0.001175768,0.0002572874,0.0009093124,0.0006697975,0.0006051816,0.001876596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002473611,0.0002023867,0.0001925335,0.003102837,0.0004218191,0.0008008559,0.0005359228,0.000465799,0.001577651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008776347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001107653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004934631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005258225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998739,0.00001435247,0.00001708274,0.00002729277,0.00005632024,0.0000110824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998946,0.00001626443,0.00002412341,0.000006002577,0.00004832463,0.00001070504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004072627,0.00002739173,0.0009063948,0.007949571,0.0000664346,0.0002571543,0.000134126,0.000804131,0.008035986,0.003385487,0.01640681,0.9619858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005852497,0.00004315265,0.002781857,0.001305932,0.00005544895,0.0007395881,0.0001382337,0.0001043975,0.0010247,0.003823003,0.9899658,0.00001217063],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005397361,0.9970504,0.0001680384,0.0002308147,0.0001255835,0.000003157527,0.00002291228,0.00001058196,0.001848651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002671154,0.9954991,0.0001548924,0.00008023751,0.0001049891,0.000002921634,0.00002643632,0.000001014896,0.00145916],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004934631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009811819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063177163","doi":"10.1021/es9907764","title":"Solid-Solution Partitioning of Metals in Contaminated Soils:  Dependence on pH, Total Metal Burden, and Organic Matter","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Metal; Cadmium; Soil water; Chemistry; Zinc; Organic matter; Copper; Soil contamination; Contamination; Bioavailability; Soil organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Soil science; Environmental science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Sébastien Sauvé","is_ca":true},{"name":"William H. Hendershot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Herbert E. Allen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006027406253709679,"gpt":0.2345888644394817,"spread":0.228561458185772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004059631,0.0004545457,0.0003246691,0.0004126156,0.0001283377,0.0005372593,0.0002077371,0.0003067068,0.0004570024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007912008,0.0002761937,0.0003850124,0.0004625831,0.0002276047,0.0004416714,0.0003062186,0.00026193,0.0002806366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002481459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002538653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003602286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002469272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997395,0.00005692791,0.00002120354,0.00005810172,0.00008724655,0.00003707324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999529,0.000191045,0.0001099513,0.00002696524,0.000106379,0.00003659541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001453876,0.0002025385,0.0524279,0.0005656375,0.0002210299,0.0001374862,0.0001954016,0.01056252,0.910798,0.000181799,0.000110297,0.0231435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007735558,0.002028506,0.1276381,0.00003261054,0.0001699558,0.0005131222,0.0003407504,0.05088955,0.8158023,0.00105657,0.001385961,0.00006524568],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961714,0.0004404646,0.002750299,0.0000177324,0.000002940079,0.00001799571,0.0002280889,0.00002137989,0.0003495826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969203,0.0006005946,0.001596621,0.00001396559,0.000002908482,0.00001906881,0.0004581182,0.000009141158,0.0003792334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003602286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007162631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036975190","doi":"10.1038/s43017-020-0061-y","title":"Metal contamination and bioremediation of agricultural soils for food safety and sustainability","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Environmental remediation; Bioremediation; Agriculture; Soil contamination; Sustainability; Environmental protection; Environmental engineering; Soil water; Contamination; Ecology; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"Deyi Hou","is_ca":false},{"name":"David O’Connor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel S. Alessi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jie Luo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel C.W. Tsang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald L. Sparks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yusuke Yamauchi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jörg Rinklebe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong Sik Ok","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0159478691038663,"gpt":0.2745044070804599,"spread":0.2585565379765936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007235546,0.001124087,0.001633989,0.002326163,0.0002161062,0.001259636,0.0008604299,0.001472103,0.004525349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007291982,0.0003133708,0.0005922483,0.00334993,0.0004123193,0.001400988,0.0009929498,0.001113623,0.002225007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006814428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001879017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002303222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005154618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997296,0.00004048563,0.00002918054,0.00004239294,0.0001244494,0.00003395337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995852,0.0001611321,0.00008812991,0.00001324386,0.0001182826,0.0000339362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006700543,0.00005320855,0.00012505,0.02649457,0.0001170354,0.0001107129,0.00004169586,0.0005092726,0.004204912,0.003772317,0.0264806,0.9380237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001432051,0.000085373,0.0005681243,0.004172462,0.000160755,0.0003424143,0.00007057753,0.0001016897,0.0009258937,0.002451575,0.9910889,0.00001793657],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000101635,0.998576,0.0001253597,0.0002130293,0.0001718984,0.000003184913,0.00001940508,0.000005723829,0.0007836293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004792315,0.9986926,0.00009398754,0.0000925064,0.00008144919,0.000002855494,0.00002232834,8.538717e-7,0.0005342503],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004525349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01513875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130598929","doi":"10.1139/a01-012","title":"An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Reviews","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1095,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association","keywords":"Environmental science; Emission inventory; Pollutant; Combustion; Fossil fuel; Trace metal; Coal combustion products; Coal; Trace gas; Atmosphere (unit); Pollution; Environmental chemistry; Environmental protection; Atmospheric sciences; Waste management; Meteorology; Geology; Chemistry; Geography; Metal; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Józef M. Pacyna","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elisabeth G. Pacyna","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02533894936084752,"gpt":0.3323855178616674,"spread":0.3070465685008198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007106795,0.0009318268,0.000383442,0.002174321,0.0001935294,0.0008857391,0.0003388686,0.0004810159,0.0008152258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007466271,0.0002102905,0.001042368,0.003492817,0.0001823191,0.001145077,0.0008721922,0.0002672937,0.0003574385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006915781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003546077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008211876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008420587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996054,0.00007256446,0.00004344703,0.00008714206,0.0001429246,0.00004861276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995071,0.00005455472,0.0001263023,0.00003695175,0.0002469817,0.00002812074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000331458,0.00008114915,0.7632119,0.0005758589,0.001740913,0.001101227,0.0002751232,0.0745761,0.03207188,0.00187931,0.001425994,0.1227291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001636375,0.0002165291,0.9620086,0.0001146761,0.0004850806,0.0006378296,0.0007000279,0.01502334,0.006196382,0.001268066,0.01328942,0.00004385275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.956547,0.005310719,0.01336213,0.0005163434,0.0000358387,0.00006358256,0.005490268,0.000234266,0.01844007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828604,0.003334563,0.007774943,0.0001324891,0.00003338463,0.00007093955,0.00359305,0.00007124302,0.002128853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008211876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01632816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2462632654","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.166","title":"Heavy metals in drinking water: Occurrences, implications, and future needs in developing countries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1001,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Heavy metals; Bioaccumulation; Environmental science; Human health; Environmental health; Water source; Environmental protection; Environmental chemistry; Water resource management; Chemistry; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Shakhawat Chowdhury","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Omar G. Al-Attas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tahir Husain","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02343007006156206,"gpt":0.274243295790277,"spread":0.2508132257287149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001167918,0.0008691922,0.001485763,0.003364372,0.0002987663,0.001641656,0.000866769,0.001092374,0.002047756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001271865,0.0003931172,0.0007555831,0.006860028,0.0007676496,0.001471919,0.001050495,0.0008572613,0.0003892363],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009560306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003524839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00920971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01753127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995937,0.00005685445,0.00009962844,0.00008122314,0.0001264354,0.00004219813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999105,0.0003691898,0.0002437807,0.00001499533,0.0002266365,0.00004025941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001336455,0.00005352293,0.003426065,0.04890476,0.0002656835,0.0001985783,0.0002643299,0.000564507,0.0009330609,0.002985893,0.009195114,0.9330748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003066345,0.0002067155,0.01836608,0.0273889,0.001508729,0.002187428,0.001952376,0.0003937513,0.001419442,0.004937086,0.9415224,0.00008638905],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003434201,0.9990028,0.00004748161,0.0002734404,0.00004716007,0.000001540884,0.00003124862,0.000001884024,0.0002511078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001398268,0.9983369,0.00005862435,0.00005906945,0.00003558769,0.000001248245,0.00001559255,3.553814e-7,0.0000944153],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00920971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01831222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123791570","doi":"10.1002/jsfa.3916","title":"Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":740,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cadmium; Nutrient; Food chain; Micronutrient; Phosphorus; Environmental chemistry; Zinc; Chemistry; Plant nutrition; Agronomy; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Nadeem Sarwar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saif Ullah","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. S. Malhi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Munir Zia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Asif Naeem","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sadia Bibi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ghulam Farid","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01945207319002355,"gpt":0.2709489499793089,"spread":0.2514968767892853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000296581,0.0005619054,0.0008740662,0.001669889,0.000285158,0.0005702844,0.0006383625,0.0008759492,0.001595472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002734441,0.0002158164,0.0003176983,0.001470544,0.0003631299,0.0006924315,0.0004234379,0.0006896375,0.001031135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005052186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006679028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001408556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002531669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998786,0.00001830335,0.00001892469,0.00002716467,0.00004390045,0.00001305433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998595,0.00005240219,0.00002571252,0.000004704266,0.00004672167,0.00001098425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001037567,0.0001267466,0.0004276059,0.01712946,0.00008824391,0.0002747549,0.00008339665,0.0006941037,0.01882474,0.003304669,0.006432702,0.9525097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002979553,0.0002540453,0.002650334,0.001846082,0.000156047,0.002002956,0.0001216611,0.0002623073,0.01106758,0.002482631,0.9791013,0.00002533396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008491698,0.997136,0.0003259141,0.0001384774,0.00008170729,0.000004926461,0.00001498899,0.000008711936,0.001440239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004313568,0.9940566,0.0004783994,0.00008342788,0.00006089788,0.000007379732,0.00002253996,0.000001866964,0.0009753184],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001669889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005337358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971853600","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.030","title":"Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":658,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; National Taiwan University","keywords":"Sediment; Estuary; Environmental chemistry; Tributary; Pollution; Environmental science; Environmental remediation; Organic matter; Metal; Heavy metals; Water pollution; Enrichment factor; Cadmium; Environmental engineering; Contamination; Chemistry; Geology; Oceanography; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Chiu‐Wen Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chih‐Ming Kao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cheng‐Di Dong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0197422054630455,"gpt":0.264094532110744,"spread":0.2443523266476985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001403568,0.0002312697,0.0001769035,0.001827538,0.000619802,0.000456476,0.0002161845,0.0003568888,0.0004124964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002291715,0.0002328759,0.0002076919,0.001063915,0.000337033,0.0002944354,0.0005184391,0.0001845199,0.0001147994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004553697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006560723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0386251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04225376,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999167,0.000006895614,0.00001264446,0.00001996349,0.00001839495,0.00002549584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997113,0.00002789614,0.00008541105,0.0000131986,0.00009215393,0.00006999799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002835885,0.00004583136,0.9255781,0.00006203035,0.00007939048,0.0007015077,0.002447998,0.0003335141,0.06418261,0.00008190708,0.0001200977,0.006083476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006102736,0.00006832854,0.9963643,0.000004861397,0.00002257196,0.0001955704,0.001331209,0.0002277865,0.001459361,0.00002857036,0.0002851927,0.000006207435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997119,0.00003186054,0.00003216946,0.00000928675,7.632049e-7,0.000001323696,0.00006011141,0.000002810073,0.0001497493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994537,0.0000392507,0.00004769465,0.000007064995,0.000001880759,0.000003419648,0.0001533006,0.000001085059,0.0002925217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0386251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07680053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769828534","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.132","title":"Biochar application for the remediation of heavy metal polluted land: A review of in situ field trials","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":597,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Recruitment Program of Global Experts; Ministry of Environment; Tsinghua University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Amendment; Environmental science; Environmental remediation; Fertilizer; Slash-and-char; Leaching (pedology); Bioavailability; Pollution; Agricultural land; Agriculture; Environmental chemistry; Contamination; Soil water; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Agronomy; Soil fertility; Chemistry; Soil science; Geography; Ecology; Engineering; Pyrolysis","authors":[{"name":"David O’Connor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tianyue Peng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Junli Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel C.W. Tsang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel S. Alessi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zhengtao Shen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nanthi Bolan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deyi Hou","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08014368284588541,"gpt":0.3529046088110142,"spread":0.2727609259651288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00159377,0.001238381,0.002860556,0.002958432,0.0002821898,0.001381273,0.001243747,0.00118675,0.002187253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001718516,0.0004768714,0.001793623,0.003267496,0.0004752874,0.001115547,0.0006498019,0.001013978,0.0007011246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004383593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001785674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001502169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003804896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994848,0.00008417058,0.0001011849,0.0001047947,0.0001886381,0.00003644505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988896,0.0005299184,0.0001964458,0.00004101557,0.0002985821,0.00004443642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003940564,0.0003015909,0.000638739,0.1492808,0.001044559,0.0003064453,0.0001447699,0.001040727,0.02003959,0.001975944,0.006860751,0.817972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001610537,0.001662484,0.005283842,0.02571369,0.005159188,0.002592506,0.0003762429,0.0005647167,0.02272506,0.001897298,0.9336966,0.0001673259],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007203983,0.9984144,0.0002311345,0.00006739668,0.00006953615,0.00001630211,0.00004839111,0.000004563779,0.0004277625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003026399,0.9959041,0.0005373529,0.0001081933,0.00003820959,0.00001167813,0.00005224385,0.000002704835,0.0003191415],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002958432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008428752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379032242","doi":"10.3390/agronomy13061521","title":"Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil: Environmental Pollutants Affecting Crop Health","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agronomy","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":592,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Bioaccumulation; Environmental chemistry; Pollutant; Environmental science; Agronomy; Rhizosphere; Arable land; Agriculture; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Abdur Rashid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian J. Schutte","is_ca":false},{"name":"April Ulery","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael K. Deyholos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Soum Sanogo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erik A. Lehnhoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leslie Beck","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01317088836394766,"gpt":0.2413770152220454,"spread":0.2282061268580977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002507071,0.0005113895,0.0007087083,0.0008443869,0.0002545918,0.0009072284,0.0003660123,0.0007571854,0.001742694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000305365,0.0001544081,0.0003500344,0.001372562,0.0002111984,0.0006531143,0.0004008657,0.0003994206,0.0005666259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005476001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009517614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002241357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004194909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998118,0.00004159941,0.00003032676,0.00003853654,0.00005534126,0.00002248543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998384,0.0000386853,0.00004258708,0.000003817675,0.00006489104,0.00001168503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001941597,0.0001124276,0.005050141,0.05267402,0.0003880615,0.001786611,0.000714873,0.001462575,0.05931534,0.004718796,0.0320631,0.8415198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001684141,0.0003445014,0.01502791,0.004188535,0.0004497222,0.004244825,0.0008833132,0.000338652,0.01084548,0.003188711,0.9604067,0.00006494934],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006334756,0.988201,0.0009450442,0.0009275434,0.0004093677,0.00001430901,0.0001216941,0.0000345662,0.003011837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02081881,0.9747097,0.0009874165,0.0006196992,0.0002970949,0.00001261841,0.0001464067,0.000005336057,0.00240287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002241357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005829871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058414968","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.001","title":"Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in street dust of Baoji, NW China","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":573,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","keywords":"Heavy metals; Environmental chemistry; Metal; Soil test; Road dust; Chemistry; Fluorescence spectrometry; Environmental science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mineralogy; Soil water; Particulates; Fluorescence; Soil science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Xinwei Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lijun Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loretta Y. Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kai Lei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Li Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kang Dan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01175143182294307,"gpt":0.2725670029024106,"spread":0.2608155710794676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003228853,0.0002724945,0.0004283983,0.001501157,0.0008598619,0.0004822136,0.0003727979,0.0002173989,0.0004567228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003714522,0.0002134605,0.0004198558,0.001824903,0.0003235179,0.000179881,0.0003808509,0.0002049639,0.00007848704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008866151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001089111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06600313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09925684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996365,0.00006137098,0.00003216823,0.0000857332,0.0001141307,0.00006999241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996692,0.0000479426,0.00007602065,0.00001988503,0.0001221387,0.00006483937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000142302,0.0000639526,0.9830736,0.00002363245,0.0001371913,0.0001695067,0.0005876025,0.0004994232,0.01017797,0.00008933298,0.000126425,0.004909089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000152012,0.00001788121,0.9986693,6.741504e-7,0.00001590288,0.00003082376,0.0003233892,0.0005863115,0.0002459671,0.0000196474,0.00008536328,0.000003310238],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995546,0.00002173935,0.0001456533,0.000009938298,0.000001956517,0.000002414528,0.0001053335,0.000002509103,0.0001559643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999361,0.00002086154,0.0001214991,0.000004567409,0.000003839152,0.000003709391,0.0002233951,0.000001846828,0.0002593386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06600313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1312379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201824775","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132369","title":"A critical review on various remediation approaches for heavy metal contaminants removal from contaminated soils","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":556,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Contamination; Phytoremediation; Environmental science; Soil contamination; Pollutant; Heavy metals; Soil water; Pollution; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Ecology; Biology; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"Saravanan Rajendran","is_ca":false},{"name":"T.A.K. Priya","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kuan Shiong Khoo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tuan K.A. Hoang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hui Suan Ng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ceren Karaman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yasin Orooji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pau Loke Show","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08768937051521294,"gpt":0.3193696404095838,"spread":0.2316802698943709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005184376,0.001072656,0.00151736,0.002356166,0.0002676992,0.0009051498,0.00074941,0.0009849441,0.004593044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008250217,0.0003361792,0.0008094338,0.002707478,0.0002705354,0.001047757,0.0005627397,0.001134307,0.00127063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004098403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001310483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001419002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00297006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998022,0.00003066932,0.00003725147,0.00003798499,0.00007323272,0.00001874138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996825,0.0001571516,0.00005383694,0.000009059132,0.0000825737,0.00001483938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001061072,0.0001117772,0.0001118708,0.08315174,0.0002164565,0.0001966518,0.00006064287,0.0005389059,0.006996301,0.00185494,0.03655429,0.8701003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000351547,0.0002627819,0.001091164,0.01114446,0.0007082321,0.0006631861,0.00007111624,0.0001553508,0.002295993,0.001244189,0.9822854,0.00004309422],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001555101,0.9984981,0.0002110343,0.0001516123,0.0001957822,0.00001007971,0.00005102455,0.000008461393,0.0007183839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006261696,0.9982235,0.000314754,0.0001456779,0.0001008114,0.000008388357,0.00004100632,0.000001661097,0.0005381817],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004593044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01536524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963868457","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.017","title":"Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MethodsX","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":524,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; Hospital for Sick Children","keywords":"Carcinogen; Heavy metals; Risk assessment; Environmental health; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Medicine; Chemistry; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Ali Akbar Mohammadi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Zarei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saba Majidi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Afshin Ghaderpoury","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yalda Hashempour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad Hossein Saghi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abdolazim Alinejad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahmood Yousefi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nasrin Hosseingholizadeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mansour Ghaderpoori","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0225176599622831,"gpt":0.3166939695536035,"spread":0.2941763095913204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006079725,0.000338757,0.0002031548,0.0009126415,0.0004496483,0.0005424377,0.0001997952,0.0003039026,0.0005583536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004941902,0.0001327667,0.0003615609,0.0005752287,0.000232254,0.0002141196,0.0003526611,0.0001545433,0.00007929532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003912493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000850131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01410236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01699049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99963,0.00008399267,0.00002582636,0.00004503274,0.0001799421,0.0000351392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998073,0.00003405938,0.0000539765,0.00000793767,0.00008581386,0.00001095767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000308895,0.0003107435,0.8422699,0.0004936,0.0001843209,0.0004831771,0.001681641,0.002067844,0.07011399,0.0003523934,0.0007055225,0.08102803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000315758,0.000896303,0.9543773,0.00006679766,0.0002286442,0.0008710217,0.003289108,0.003789714,0.02996092,0.0007121171,0.005737452,0.00003905603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973254,0.0005903284,0.0007841575,0.00009453334,0.000007569698,0.00003513397,0.0001448451,0.000009841622,0.001008077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976623,0.0004633785,0.001264677,0.00003448315,0.000005918372,0.00001439062,0.0001326892,0.00000176878,0.0004204019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01410236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02804059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042092166","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.052","title":"Contamination assessment of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji, NW China","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":519,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","keywords":"Pollution; Environmental chemistry; Manganese; Zinc; Contamination; Environmental science; Heavy metals; Enrichment factor; Copper; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Xinwei Lu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lijun Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kai Lei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jing Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yuxiang Zhai","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01396357534210256,"gpt":0.2611320818867817,"spread":0.2471685065446792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002863041,0.0003194928,0.0003570077,0.001272287,0.001199321,0.0004290534,0.000394054,0.0003835829,0.0003072898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001794214,0.0003334037,0.0002648384,0.0008542878,0.0003170312,0.0001787655,0.0003262525,0.0002003165,0.00009401527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007576543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001236088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09963309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1510144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999772,0.00003091831,0.00002332301,0.00005096565,0.0000899971,0.0000327449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999849,0.00001279413,0.00002383057,0.000006237242,0.00007716174,0.00003102075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000220328,0.0001813711,0.9357284,0.00007731483,0.0001052027,0.0005096708,0.002204026,0.0005759241,0.05331015,0.0001521635,0.0001700288,0.006765306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009004611,0.00009311936,0.9938273,0.000005004686,0.00004864204,0.0001162836,0.001402984,0.0009682472,0.003050586,0.00004405159,0.0004291456,0.000005642712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995073,0.0000292477,0.0001062988,0.000009221349,0.000001535591,0.000005669093,0.00005296049,0.00000188558,0.0002858249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990304,0.00004498612,0.0002164474,0.00001091227,0.000001859984,0.000007816164,0.0001311855,0.000001483911,0.0005550133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09963309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1981063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015572536","doi":"10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00775-0","title":"A multi-element profile of house dust in relation to exterior dust and soils in the city of Ottawa, Canada","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":516,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Health Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Environmental chemistry; Cadmium; Barium; Soil water; Environmental science; Thallium; Antimony; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"Pat E. Rasmussen","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. S. Subramanian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Barry Jessiman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01535990120920495,"gpt":0.2247984744136958,"spread":0.2094385732044908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009553273,0.0002534793,0.0003880291,0.001487599,0.003259317,0.001111542,0.000808622,0.0004013307,0.001594083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003262535,0.0003033523,0.0003748067,0.00250849,0.0006027489,0.0001990187,0.0005639596,0.0003693771,0.0003299696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01027921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008253397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9924728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9960548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997577,0.00001336425,0.00001330458,0.00004570083,0.00007871501,0.0000912003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995692,0.00001835342,0.00003064084,0.000007522966,0.0002851298,0.00008916248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002672826,0.00004337736,0.9866981,0.0000503807,0.00006202798,0.0003779827,0.001922976,0.0003268911,0.003483369,0.0001056786,0.0007872375,0.005874651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002277607,0.00001463627,0.9965023,0.000008362943,0.00001499208,0.00008162725,0.002372106,0.0001532375,0.0002181072,0.00001729954,0.000606838,0.000008319589],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952827,0.000262244,0.0001438228,0.00009025451,0.000005450513,0.00001871465,0.00224388,0.000008324707,0.001944678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962607,0.000186767,0.0002020604,0.00004312757,0.000001926629,0.000007643342,0.0007062423,0.000004688904,0.00258681],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01027921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07458121,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091374003","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.047","title":"Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Pollution and ecological risk assessment in street dust of Tehran","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":493,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Pollution; Road dust; Heavy metals; Contamination; Capital city; Chemistry; Ecology; Particulates; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Mohsen Saeedi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Loretta Y. Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mahdiyeh Salmanzadeh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01223178766685799,"gpt":0.2572852186886763,"spread":0.2450534310218183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002536974,0.0002854926,0.0002901006,0.0007497428,0.0006092161,0.0004854407,0.0003297375,0.0004280109,0.0006370152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002196587,0.0002145649,0.0004799455,0.0005078227,0.0002212923,0.0002246304,0.0002954561,0.0002145172,0.0001282214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003574845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007206581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01358346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0140643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997774,0.00003738553,0.00002687448,0.00003834963,0.00007655863,0.00004354855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998698,0.00002922136,0.00003092174,0.000006003155,0.00004339826,0.00002071923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025694,0.0002107195,0.9805268,0.00008774309,0.0001320137,0.0009106938,0.001508404,0.0006668099,0.005379685,0.0001817557,0.0002618918,0.009876446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001635823,0.0003224914,0.9915022,0.000009549118,0.00008926433,0.0008904051,0.003478858,0.001166569,0.00156632,0.0001898032,0.0007588163,0.000009475582],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994941,0.00007576792,0.0001041642,0.00002648279,0.0000030853,0.000003558095,0.00006305088,0.000001978641,0.0002277797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992062,0.00009392689,0.0001516989,0.00001156568,0.000008028038,0.000004129927,0.00008656888,0.00000102661,0.000436886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01358346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02700877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138949886","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.004","title":"Assessment of heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from the young and old reclaimed regions in the Pearl River Estuary, South China","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":435,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Ministry of Environment; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Wetland; Estuary; Land reclamation; Environmental science; Ditch; Soil water; Pollution; Pollutant; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Geology; Soil science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Junhong Bai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Xiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baoshan Cui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kejiang Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Qinggai Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xinhui Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haifeng Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laibin Huang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008864064241679482,"gpt":0.227491264516301,"spread":0.2186272002746215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003090058,0.0004100435,0.00038597,0.001768773,0.0008649155,0.0007101162,0.0004301294,0.0003710625,0.0002862743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001687511,0.0003234381,0.0003435176,0.001190984,0.0004598895,0.0004414709,0.0005934584,0.0001823616,0.0000752589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008021211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001154751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07058629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1250791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998258,0.00001330007,0.00002541695,0.0000467311,0.00005399243,0.00003481515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997658,0.00001895382,0.00005979799,0.000008006996,0.00008858598,0.00005882696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001890876,0.00006392412,0.9649329,0.00007180953,0.00007626203,0.0004783017,0.001466461,0.0002412943,0.0266293,0.00004439289,0.00005448475,0.005751701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003928549,0.00003794234,0.9979162,0.000002450923,0.00001868609,0.00007451044,0.0007761471,0.0002248341,0.0007615965,0.00001439611,0.0001653332,0.000004097339],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996917,0.00003897274,0.0000455966,0.00000564153,8.052382e-7,0.000002359702,0.00007291196,0.000001702798,0.0001403564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991228,0.00007879311,0.000106441,0.00001103165,0.000001939607,0.000004790878,0.0001687339,0.000001143695,0.000504431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07058629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1403509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109944676","doi":"10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00115-8","title":"Iron colloids/organic matter associated transport of major and trace elements in small boreal rivers and their estuaries (NW Russia)","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":414,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Total organic carbon; Filtration (mathematics); Weathering; Colloid; Dissolved organic carbon; Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Geochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Oleg S. Pokrovsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Schott","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008359547130627627,"gpt":0.18557583652745,"spread":0.1772162893968224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001238955,0.0001619678,0.0002490404,0.0005109186,0.0006125564,0.0005205296,0.0002102001,0.0002367431,0.0004091565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001614411,0.0002059088,0.0002487117,0.0002298687,0.0002682999,0.0002744081,0.0003824763,0.0001698041,0.0001183056],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005755611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004474472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04243717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02706892,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999319,0.000007514264,0.000005416814,0.00002854987,0.000009877955,0.00001669512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999909,0.00002057125,0.00001850865,0.000003618445,0.00003066698,0.00001769042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001466986,0.0001368105,0.6295321,0.0001503151,0.0001417655,0.0004969421,0.001687853,0.001607389,0.3552917,0.0005020967,0.0002389503,0.008747174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000929991,0.0001095157,0.9903374,0.000004616461,0.00003601986,0.000104503,0.0005526761,0.001089569,0.007361632,0.00005873566,0.0003297417,0.000006380668],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995962,0.00004240588,0.00004432323,0.000003896185,0.000001120668,0.000001247066,0.00006003301,0.000002072691,0.0002488309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993352,0.00003891587,0.00006584421,0.000002998898,9.221313e-7,0.000002400352,0.0001060306,0.000001756956,0.0004457888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04243717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08438033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307432001","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.2c02976","title":"Integrating Biochar, Bacteria, and Plants for Sustainable Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Organic Pollutants","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":408,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Michigan State University; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Biochar; Environmental remediation; Pollutant; Environmental science; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Soil contamination; Soil water; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Environmental protection; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Soil science; Engineering; Pyrolysis","authors":[{"name":"Leilei Xiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean Damascene Harindintwali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fang Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marc Redmile‐Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott X. Chang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yuhao Fu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chao He","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bertrand Muhoza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ferdi Brahushi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nanthi Bolan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xin Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong Sik Ok","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jörg Rinklebe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Schaeffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong‐Guan Zhu","is_ca":false},{"name":"James M. Tiedje","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baoshan Xing","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01143124774076748,"gpt":0.2467037389832911,"spread":0.2352724912425236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001671987,0.0004338248,0.0003551045,0.0002589611,0.0001972196,0.0004692602,0.0002679979,0.0005956086,0.0006022235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001260626,0.00019727,0.0005051664,0.0001736541,0.0002716002,0.0004483064,0.0005240104,0.0005815826,0.0003020214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003068068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003802565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005671032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001620476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998378,0.00002155263,0.000008587856,0.00002872642,0.00004425929,0.00005907926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999514,0.00001159,0.0000125139,0.000004400591,0.000008913121,0.00001119672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004193656,0.0000747851,0.0003722877,0.0002839038,0.00001599896,0.0000876187,0.00002257176,0.0005956463,0.9895096,0.000608025,0.00007514277,0.00831248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002136204,0.0006831286,0.001977189,0.00005322245,0.00007055147,0.0002109008,0.0001149369,0.005424705,0.9817924,0.0006545484,0.00897563,0.00002136964],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.9260845,0.01947545,0.04412628,0.001168547,0.0002669519,0.0001915284,0.0003244806,0.0005819942,0.007780261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9685041,0.0083054,0.02124443,0.0002551583,0.00002813678,0.00007082862,0.0001058728,0.00002103508,0.001465013],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006022235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002225995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040436480","doi":"10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00226-6","title":"An evaluation of technologies for the heavy metal remediation of dredged sediments","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":406,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Dredging; Environmental remediation; Dewatering; Environmental science; Human decontamination; Vitrification; Waste management; Mercury (programming language); Contamination; Engineering; Geology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Catherine N. Mulligan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Raymond N. Yong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernard F. Gibbs","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07977023494388442,"gpt":0.3650988267877874,"spread":0.285328591843903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00116038,0.001189951,0.002289627,0.002379982,0.0003511169,0.001267525,0.001272775,0.001165586,0.001879375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008369835,0.0003886483,0.000689213,0.003270476,0.0004244215,0.001195607,0.0003974021,0.0006935569,0.0008664634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001065785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001557628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002988586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006068585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995579,0.00004838175,0.00005634058,0.00007722156,0.0002296858,0.00003032412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992793,0.0002376575,0.0001372088,0.00002893699,0.0002869134,0.00002992071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001548116,0.0001627734,0.0003389252,0.01607964,0.000134219,0.0002447105,0.00007005592,0.0008739304,0.0151957,0.002104663,0.003686263,0.9609542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007427984,0.001611238,0.004409994,0.004651716,0.0006586537,0.002471594,0.0002411303,0.0005169357,0.03057344,0.002026751,0.9527069,0.00005749215],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002359186,0.9946018,0.0007212467,0.000192561,0.00009442148,0.00001639951,0.00004147936,0.000009475501,0.001963507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005415278,0.9920226,0.001063552,0.00009725483,0.00004499027,0.000009813467,0.00005877465,0.000001500621,0.001286207],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002988586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007732868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1030035719","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.012","title":"A new index for assessing heavy metals contamination in sediments: A case study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Indicators","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":401,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV","keywords":"Contamination; Pollution; Sediment; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Biota; Aquatic ecosystem; Water quality; Pollutant; Heavy metals; Water pollution; Enrichment factor; Ecology; Geology; Chemistry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Amirhossein Pejman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mojtaba Ardestani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohsen Saeedi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akbar Baghvand","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05137159859868157,"gpt":0.3355197878136456,"spread":0.284148189214964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002589576,0.0006470011,0.0005867,0.003617764,0.000864532,0.001965394,0.000669192,0.001019713,0.001631023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003007567,0.0001605562,0.0005833633,0.003053967,0.0008907269,0.001208147,0.001091918,0.0006387372,0.0003117881],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008948066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006017196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009206773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988807,0.0003596692,0.0001067593,0.0001145766,0.0004618803,0.00007638659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981784,0.0006997031,0.0002271422,0.0001367396,0.0006323449,0.0001257235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001112429,0.001676911,0.372824,0.0007119123,0.0002755737,0.004900539,0.002727172,0.01739039,0.07027272,0.009350305,0.004916258,0.5138419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002291391,0.008032915,0.5092542,0.0002639161,0.001328303,0.01816008,0.01198158,0.2554921,0.1101935,0.022557,0.06197487,0.0005322497],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.845817,0.001273622,0.1292749,0.0009646243,0.0001400857,0.0006308848,0.001002273,0.0002858751,0.02061084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8855033,0.0006508988,0.1085826,0.00006884988,0.00004420801,0.000165519,0.0002756897,0.00004205443,0.004666843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006017196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01369518,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972893759","doi":"10.1021/es0346680","title":"Characterization of Metal−Cyanobacteria Sorption Reactions:  A Combined Macroscopic and Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":398,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sorption; Potentiometric titration; Titration; Chemistry; Deprotonation; Metal; Infrared spectroscopy; Protonation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Metal ions in aqueous solution; Desorption; Adsorption; Inorganic chemistry; Ion; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Nathan Yee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liane G. Benning","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vernon R. Phoenix","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. G. Ferris","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007072031673800932,"gpt":0.2144980145697802,"spread":0.2074259828959792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003348834,0.000452596,0.0004500823,0.0002953426,0.000182582,0.0003418359,0.0003205671,0.0003227714,0.0004210913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003341833,0.0001575762,0.0002671655,0.0003923887,0.0002175301,0.0003403476,0.0002793132,0.0004091858,0.0002506206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001278717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002177054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001008149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001036098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997033,0.00002900064,0.00001494661,0.00004195816,0.0001757649,0.00003497741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999773,0.00004796248,0.00005741305,0.00002060674,0.00008014659,0.00002091891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006972366,0.000006714064,0.0003153924,0.00002560136,0.000001688494,0.00001039411,0.000008324815,0.00003115246,0.9988976,0.00001094831,0.000005249514,0.000679919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002827727,0.0001012055,0.008201198,0.000003470864,0.000009078703,0.00009622628,0.00005536476,0.00139283,0.9895124,0.00003235449,0.0005878313,0.000005233111],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811787,0.0009061455,0.0157199,0.00007517405,0.00001670814,0.00008909126,0.0004673376,0.0001620483,0.001384829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801298,0.0009621457,0.01661716,0.00009219108,0.00001658651,0.00006711498,0.0005757974,0.0000509159,0.001488201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001008149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002004564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048759886","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.019","title":"An inter-laboratory trial of the unified BARGE bioaccessibility method for arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":374,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"British Geological Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Stomach; Bioavailability; Environmental science; Soil water; Repeatability; Extraction (chemistry); Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Soil science; Biology; Chromatography; Pharmacology","authors":[{"name":"Joanna Wragg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Cave","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. T. Basta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Esther Brandon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stan W. Casteel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sébastien Denys","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christian Grøn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Agnes G. Oomen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth J. Reimer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karine Tack","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tom Van de Wiele","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03164011288349546,"gpt":0.2830160465556425,"spread":0.2513759336721471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01015223,0.002330092,0.002095135,0.0008487987,0.001409679,0.001369696,0.00220181,0.002744248,0.001527591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0123282,0.001510175,0.00171693,0.0009851796,0.002208829,0.001712419,0.001257017,0.003606091,0.0007929569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001510444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002792343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004382262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005280913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9895334,0.004970966,0.0006941878,0.002562289,0.001847845,0.0003912739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9860314,0.005745392,0.002115238,0.002474646,0.002301641,0.001331735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.276926,0.1515179,0.00968435,0.0006450603,0.002058763,0.0001362457,0.003390578,0.003111442,0.4970625,0.0009266977,0.0009841719,0.0535563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01476368,0.6816221,0.009127411,0.00003400453,0.001531735,0.0001644197,0.0004299834,0.004143554,0.2855836,0.0003649244,0.002066309,0.0001682818],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929702,0.0002064642,0.005534514,0.00009985796,0.0001602608,0.0005500806,0.0001206335,0.00007588379,0.0002821291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795532,0.0005796649,0.01378257,0.000229316,0.0001293074,0.000973541,0.0004004903,0.00009883398,0.004253078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01015223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05369079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2942993353","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.044","title":"Status assessment and probabilistic health risk modeling of metals accumulation in agriculture soils across China: A synthesis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment International","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":360,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Agriculture Research System of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Arsenic; Soil water; Cadmium; Environmental science; Health risk assessment; Environmental chemistry; Risk assessment; Environmental health; Agriculture; Toxicology; Health risk; Medicine; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Soil science; Materials science; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Shiyan Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jian Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott X. Chang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris D. Collins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianming Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xingmei Liu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0229049644933383,"gpt":0.3177049206574979,"spread":0.2947999561641596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002595684,0.001136685,0.001226274,0.002402836,0.0003368175,0.001255921,0.0009710254,0.000808454,0.004936577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004739305,0.0005797803,0.002662319,0.00225361,0.0002132539,0.0007655334,0.0006061988,0.0004173309,0.0002765679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002105677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002825117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05977033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03492944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993523,0.0002719491,0.00006639373,0.0001425335,0.0001308765,0.0000359776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986212,0.0008269812,0.0001331461,0.00007713126,0.0003238421,0.00001782068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001025379,0.00008993449,0.01610292,0.006004536,0.001729151,0.0001743297,0.0001704763,0.8624948,0.0007937716,0.009189477,0.00244615,0.1007019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001124827,0.000313717,0.02020971,0.001376117,0.003345838,0.00006162826,0.0002656907,0.9427763,0.0007277651,0.01660088,0.01413309,0.00007671824],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3255078,0.0990425,0.5241328,0.002692604,0.0003593207,0.001669501,0.02058157,0.001275831,0.02473803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8996401,0.03734417,0.05260584,0.0001700713,0.0001428277,0.001345806,0.004464993,0.00006724101,0.004218943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05977033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1188449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037090931","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.12.002","title":"Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland, China","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Modelling","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":356,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Beijing Normal University","keywords":"Sediment; Pollution; Environmental science; Plateau (mathematics); Spatial distribution; Wetland; Heavy metals; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Range (aeronautics); Sewage; Metal; Ecology; Geology; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Geomorphology; Biology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Junhong Bai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baoshan Cui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bin Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kejiang Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wei Deng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haifeng Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rong Xiao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01463036676628247,"gpt":0.2510867769786935,"spread":0.236456410212411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002694573,0.0003747047,0.0002388091,0.001078626,0.0004987999,0.0004918585,0.0004684578,0.0003660371,0.000409978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000311981,0.0002814705,0.0005165922,0.0009553705,0.0003449487,0.0003330898,0.0004460304,0.0000835095,0.00004630496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001162922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009812143,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0941559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07527534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998891,0.00001752868,0.000009482538,0.00002720328,0.00002266317,0.0000339418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998382,0.00004034125,0.00003723373,0.00001449682,0.00004431824,0.00002540809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003049508,0.000147731,0.8453067,0.00005693833,0.0001642456,0.0007467965,0.0005810175,0.1329035,0.00917825,0.0005157042,0.0002455329,0.009848609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002999281,0.00008771233,0.7030491,0.000004745868,0.00008935405,0.0001220372,0.0006028897,0.2938591,0.001289345,0.0005665658,0.0002732938,0.0000257979],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999613,0.000007105436,0.000210584,0.000007647602,2.846856e-7,0.000002039198,0.00004769043,0.000006630199,0.000105104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996112,0.000009886226,0.000138174,0.000001067023,5.400025e-7,0.000002349945,0.00009257719,7.742693e-7,0.0001434713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0941559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1872157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015391535","doi":"10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00531-3","title":"Application of double focusing sector field ICP-MS for multielemental characterization of human hair and nails. Part II. A study of the inhabitants of northern Sweden☆","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":342,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"London Health Sciences Centre","keywords":"Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Nail (fastener); Environmental chemistry; Scalp; Exposure assessment; Occupational exposure; Population; Isotope; Reference values; Biomonitoring; Chemistry; Mass spectrometry; Metallurgy; Chromatography; Environmental health; Materials science; Medicine; Physics; Dermatology","authors":[{"name":"Ilia Rodushkin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mikael D. Axelsson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01530912320820222,"gpt":0.2398912279424141,"spread":0.2245821047342119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001816734,0.0003114333,0.0001581267,0.000597232,0.0004534355,0.00018803,0.0001871989,0.0002757711,0.001558627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001778781,0.0001944878,0.00023575,0.0003534236,0.0001943236,0.0001111744,0.0002141653,0.0001352788,0.0003636937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001784722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000279233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0077114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01255054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998833,0.0000238958,0.000006323296,0.00004482009,0.00002680243,0.00001480371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999461,0.00001251185,0.000005195679,0.000007456014,0.00002167494,0.000006931031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004087857,0.0001126509,0.05005034,0.0002218906,0.00005309967,0.0002465957,0.0007832433,0.0002849091,0.8738608,0.0001034833,0.0003829264,0.07349118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006058554,0.002975172,0.7119408,0.00005017164,0.0001743619,0.007156144,0.004179038,0.001450678,0.2528207,0.0007462433,0.01839406,0.00005218902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847402,0.001804818,0.009958443,0.00008754367,0.00002857875,0.00005876939,0.0005086188,0.00003380192,0.002779174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780164,0.002094791,0.01380656,0.00008284151,0.00001375847,0.00005856482,0.0004239069,0.00001270899,0.005490557],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0077114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01533306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080382313","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2013.11.007","title":"Assessment of metals pollution and health risk in dust from nursery schools in Xi’an, China","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Research","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":325,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"China; Pollution; Environmental science; Environmental health; Heavy metals; Health risk; Air pollution; Environmental chemistry; Environmental protection; Geography; Chemistry; Medicine; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Xinwei Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaolan Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loretta Y. Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hao Chen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04540361730407941,"gpt":0.3877905235994518,"spread":0.3423869062953723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003990169,0.0004495089,0.0003950372,0.001079247,0.001051507,0.0006390833,0.0006022605,0.0005922387,0.0004548704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002511846,0.000388599,0.0003831252,0.0007742455,0.0003981643,0.0002740447,0.000636704,0.0002485121,0.0001040848],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001424977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001851837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0860426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1499293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996337,0.00006582407,0.00003279353,0.00007994757,0.0001131593,0.00007453098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998046,0.00002422736,0.00004902274,0.000008649974,0.0000693012,0.00004432883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000758383,0.00009936116,0.9907146,0.00003607164,0.00005713814,0.0003340439,0.001132439,0.000346656,0.003561608,0.00007110163,0.0001345619,0.003436641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005112853,0.00007796985,0.9962887,0.000006122635,0.00002460056,0.00009252528,0.00208634,0.0006699506,0.0004373635,0.00004684206,0.0002601509,0.000004299628],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995033,0.00003956892,0.00009554221,0.00002565676,0.000001996555,0.000006392035,0.00008471629,0.000002005224,0.0002407451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991184,0.00004754588,0.0001218738,0.00002120557,0.000002682954,0.000006900137,0.0001200026,8.044388e-7,0.0005604847],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0860426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1710835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009594480","doi":"10.1128/aem.01665-12","title":"Bioremediation and Tolerance of Humans to Heavy Metals through Microbial Processes: a Potential Role for Probiotics?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":324,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lawson Health Research Institute; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Bioremediation; Heavy metals; Biology; Biotechnology; Microbiology; Bacteria; Biochemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Genetics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Marc Monachese","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeremy P. Burton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gregor Reid","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00712311785864432,"gpt":0.2079283485845212,"spread":0.2008052307258769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005194462,0.0004345648,0.0007458772,0.000261633,0.000149073,0.001093228,0.0003645246,0.001388168,0.002210064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005473621,0.0001230588,0.0003305474,0.0002437155,0.0007859647,0.001016241,0.0005579306,0.0007686412,0.0005375415],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001732614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003923235,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000349615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005400971,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998327,0.0000659435,0.000007868372,0.0000212991,0.00002912727,0.000043057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999824,0.00004602487,0.0000389404,0.00001173675,0.00003966411,0.00003965968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001240599,0.0005788978,0.00883225,0.007500137,0.0002645276,0.001349706,0.001054214,0.0004954768,0.206237,0.0177237,0.01220125,0.7425222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003522658,0.01011571,0.06789359,0.007669642,0.0008153379,0.008344041,0.008063706,0.00262111,0.08373055,0.06374592,0.746422,0.0002261813],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05786439,0.8940276,0.002955956,0.03931917,0.001069045,0.00002439345,0.00006527732,0.00004645147,0.004627717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2688443,0.7152827,0.004171845,0.005627397,0.0008869921,0.00004391055,0.0000619739,0.00001470882,0.005066061],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002210064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00739336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000668526","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.016","title":"Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Research","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":323,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Cadmium; Trace metal; Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Zinc; Contamination; Chemistry; Metal; Brassica; Dry weight; Horticulture; Environmental science; Biology; Soil science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"G. Nabulo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannington Oryem‐Origa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miriam L. Diamond","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02762248055348529,"gpt":0.3255109680087521,"spread":0.2978884874552668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003408062,0.0004278634,0.0002787285,0.001865405,0.001496729,0.001039378,0.0004266711,0.0007489285,0.0005860586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007634964,0.0005066243,0.0001896615,0.001238583,0.0006415882,0.0004824278,0.001144369,0.0003292418,0.0002201825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004416765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007348732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01282267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02199998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997612,0.00007657301,0.0000247733,0.00004913884,0.00004960058,0.00003876869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996288,0.00009648291,0.00008331493,0.00002075317,0.0001300187,0.00004066033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007039378,0.000155161,0.9133426,0.0003448128,0.00009817254,0.002407582,0.01374463,0.0004899157,0.05038468,0.0002458395,0.0001409371,0.01794169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002353796,0.001018008,0.9608909,0.00008404978,0.000150228,0.001894513,0.02304133,0.0006521606,0.009727075,0.0002410694,0.002255658,0.0000214038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994007,0.00004899733,0.00009364427,0.000007957796,5.13207e-7,0.000009808937,0.00005476838,0.000001573917,0.0003820045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989237,0.0001335833,0.0003647256,0.000008839778,7.309702e-7,0.00002285287,0.00007595584,0.000001225973,0.0004683886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01282267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02549607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011425963","doi":"10.1021/es052232+","title":"Tracing Source Pollution in Soils Using Cadmium and Lead Isotopes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":323,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Pollution; Context (archaeology); Refinery; Isotope; Smelting; Isotopic signature; Chemistry; Geology; Soil science; Environmental engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Christophe Cloquet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean Carignan","is_ca":true},{"name":"G. Libourel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thibault Sterckeman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Espéranza Perdrix","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007170464605437779,"gpt":0.2201351496975082,"spread":0.2129646850920705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002102992,0.0003147043,0.0002720752,0.001390283,0.0004565269,0.0008957356,0.0002425081,0.0003866315,0.0005641126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002444073,0.0001739139,0.0001837462,0.000964447,0.0003020427,0.000305215,0.0004408785,0.0001922315,0.0002460116],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000459249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003495402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009463239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02053103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999681,0.00004428815,0.00001247426,0.0001308257,0.00008575557,0.00004557594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998856,0.00003125315,0.00002649536,0.000008916513,0.00003861937,0.000009155355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002942979,0.00004438719,0.2299366,0.0001753177,0.00009370414,0.0002337323,0.0006421772,0.001331862,0.7287659,0.0003246717,0.0001520113,0.0380053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004828262,0.0004229353,0.5705917,0.00009088087,0.0001694888,0.0006938155,0.001616483,0.0109959,0.399381,0.001576893,0.01434061,0.00007189844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849625,0.0009704199,0.01123037,0.00004567971,0.00001476247,0.00001750928,0.0006219952,0.00008554375,0.002051225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892568,0.0008173928,0.008446024,0.00003951507,0.000009544216,0.00001510184,0.00027844,0.00002647109,0.001110672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009463239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01881635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020999778","doi":"10.1155/2010/387803","title":"Heavy Metal and Trace Metal Analysis in Soil by Sequential Extraction: A Review of Procedures","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":311,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TRACE (psycholinguistics); Computer science; Extraction (chemistry); Trace metal; Ambiguity; Environmental science; Data mining; Risk analysis (engineering); Operations research; Metal; Chemistry; Mathematics; Medicine; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Amanda Jo Zimmerman","is_ca":false},{"name":"David C. Weindorf","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02132134414640489,"gpt":0.3473029405580476,"spread":0.3259815964116426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001647233,0.001391432,0.002254468,0.004887629,0.0005495792,0.001072709,0.00163668,0.001037358,0.002300684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001273209,0.0006417784,0.0007079907,0.005412311,0.0008283195,0.001774627,0.0006079206,0.001249116,0.003987399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009020211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001946631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002694323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003528773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990491,0.0001281386,0.0001541255,0.0001885467,0.0004341956,0.0000458297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989839,0.000338864,0.0001588544,0.00004808065,0.0004349335,0.00003529278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005653423,0.0001466418,0.0004337638,0.02314894,0.00009335304,0.0002787602,0.0001157308,0.0007014009,0.01787142,0.003018665,0.01083161,0.9433032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001182965,0.0002071255,0.002355262,0.00251953,0.0001450202,0.002430287,0.0001453649,0.0002710453,0.01540197,0.002088674,0.9743536,0.00007026939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007410666,0.9937547,0.003072019,0.0002526921,0.0002351653,0.00004160263,0.00008970669,0.00003232701,0.00178067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001759175,0.9928296,0.003880817,0.0001148086,0.0001041779,0.00004219432,0.0001041891,0.000006388118,0.001158539],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004887629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008711517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113769366","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.03.004","title":"Identification of trace element sources and associated risk assessment in vegetable soils of the urban–rural transitional area of Hangzhou, China","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Cadmium; Arsenic; Environmental chemistry; Mercury (programming language); Topsoil; Soil water; Pollution; Manganese; Environmental science; Chromium; Trace element; Zinc; Soil test; Enrichment factor; Heavy metals; Chemistry; Soil science; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Tao Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xingmei Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muzhi Zhu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keli Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianming Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Panming Huang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004622859525329033,"gpt":0.2121267678193307,"spread":0.2075039082940016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002397977,0.0002530239,0.0002337087,0.001609338,0.0004696032,0.0004822704,0.000295003,0.0002132408,0.0003911479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001904694,0.0001330635,0.0002072024,0.001335175,0.000259016,0.0001949384,0.0004211391,0.00009150508,0.00005252795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007047024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006444517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03577065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04393112,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999859,0.00002699329,0.00001287401,0.0000417132,0.00002820132,0.00003112707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998356,0.00003822202,0.0000489858,0.000007608577,0.00003997223,0.00002955694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004979005,0.00007784687,0.9525183,0.0001059377,0.00009177871,0.0005534432,0.001214222,0.0007082765,0.03638062,0.0002184144,0.00006888069,0.007564285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013611,0.0001060596,0.994094,0.000004119347,0.0000464632,0.0001510614,0.001326092,0.001026827,0.002819245,0.0001380249,0.0002693708,0.000005207144],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997805,0.00002823298,0.00007640846,0.000004810937,2.492395e-7,0.000002063804,0.00004822772,0.000001227123,0.00005831761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996606,0.0000281614,0.00007949636,0.000002883384,4.172549e-7,0.000001550436,0.00008727579,4.741298e-7,0.0001391443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03577065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07112491,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900464226","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.282","title":"Effect of production temperature on lead removal mechanisms by rice straw biochars","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":298,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Tsinghua University","keywords":"Biochar; Chemistry; Adsorption; Straw; Environmental remediation; Rice straw; Precipitation; Metal; Fraction (chemistry); Charcoal; Lead (geology); Environmental chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Pyrolysis; Contamination; Chromatography; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Zhengtao Shen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Deyi Hou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fei Jin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Junxian Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoliang Fan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel C.W. Tsang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel S. Alessi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005434895713649989,"gpt":0.2164605592047251,"spread":0.2110256634910751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002422418,0.0003057066,0.000247829,0.000115162,0.0001656604,0.0003594888,0.0002424567,0.0002362414,0.001304428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004542505,0.0002419681,0.0003374919,0.0001353994,0.0002837034,0.000416307,0.0001674392,0.0003594704,0.0002306406],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003384091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002161505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001692721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002135245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998025,0.00002705813,0.00002193344,0.00004283478,0.00003986128,0.00006581246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997348,0.0001102778,0.00005334537,0.00002437489,0.00005499084,0.00002224351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002188844,0.00006267969,0.0008939517,0.00008546064,0.00002782663,0.00005124449,0.00006115495,0.0005695234,0.994118,0.00006091112,0.00005712796,0.001823385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001306262,0.0002834233,0.002955071,0.000003276002,0.00002337555,0.00001327633,0.00004230369,0.0007413085,0.9956461,0.00002130856,0.0002508557,0.000006646643],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989791,0.0002479755,0.0003137612,0.00002547315,0.00001830904,0.000004385467,0.00009090352,0.000014113,0.0003058855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992549,0.0001255189,0.0002122805,0.00001075687,0.000004314782,0.000003254385,0.00006358158,0.000008616672,0.0003167721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001692721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004363716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024081283","doi":"10.1021/es000146y","title":"Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":298,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Snow; Platinum group; Rhodium; Troposphere; Contamination; Environmental science; Catalytic converter; NOx; Air mass (solar energy); Gasoline; Palladium; Platinum; Environmental chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Catalysis; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Combustion","authors":[{"name":"Carlo Barbante","is_ca":false},{"name":"Audrey Veysseyre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christophe Ferrari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katja Van de Velde","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christine Morel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriele Capodaglio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paolo Cescon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giuseppe Scarponi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claude F. Boutron","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009539440116731527,"gpt":0.2488154141536784,"spread":0.2392759740369469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007928292,0.0001908912,0.0001319959,0.0009311594,0.0004695822,0.0003498519,0.0001107079,0.0002001663,0.0007627946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001242395,0.0001062019,0.0001067559,0.0006456646,0.0002913828,0.0001461938,0.000275941,0.0001339845,0.0001580341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003411265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002593696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02443928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06643926,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999342,0.000004418075,0.00000328161,0.00001913149,0.00002100772,0.00001789769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998411,0.00001559772,0.0000593482,0.0000132346,0.00004985067,0.00002082092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004403119,0.00004227916,0.6831523,0.0001688121,0.0001400061,0.002557724,0.001596458,0.0003192535,0.281336,0.0005957846,0.001633136,0.02801777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005655497,0.00005175296,0.9797462,0.0000178776,0.00002228962,0.0005971891,0.0002992181,0.0001193561,0.01422398,0.0001790575,0.004733908,0.00000354935],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945533,0.0008303762,0.0002637928,0.00007279339,0.00001119147,0.000003685285,0.0007794914,0.00002475686,0.003460487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997228,0.0004929579,0.0003044712,0.00007010026,0.00001167497,0.000002443969,0.0007337328,0.000006104695,0.00115065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02443928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04859406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059127753","doi":"10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00283-x","title":"Phosphate-induced metal immobilization in a contaminated site","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":294,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Phosphate; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Metal; Phosphorus; Phosphorite; Soil water; Zinc; Phosphate minerals; Soil contamination; Nuclear chemistry; Amendment; Bioavailability; Extraction (chemistry); Geology; Chromatography; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"Rocky X Cao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Q. Lena","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ming Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Satya Pal Singh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Willie G. Harris","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008500598702981258,"gpt":0.2127600606653927,"spread":0.2042594619624114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001562636,0.0002888154,0.0003583958,0.000378112,0.0005094351,0.0004898363,0.0005614118,0.0005724948,0.00152081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002435984,0.0002687346,0.0002684918,0.0003020157,0.0004215513,0.0002145825,0.000373011,0.0003936446,0.0003199519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002804609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004910851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006952306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004094081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999867,0.00001419386,0.00000780577,0.0000331758,0.00003713941,0.00004070533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998869,0.00002243137,0.00001710334,0.00001251381,0.00003020639,0.00003099697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001083146,0.00003932654,0.002178828,0.00004694255,0.00001393638,0.0004081886,0.00005581759,0.0003027302,0.9941381,0.00009988458,0.00007601884,0.001556927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006543324,0.0005557578,0.02512488,0.000006318261,0.00003725355,0.0005397362,0.0001913178,0.002284331,0.9699743,0.0002547565,0.0009492221,0.00001676365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975383,0.0001196448,0.0007947548,0.00004702694,0.00001732516,0.000008121641,0.000166072,0.00002431478,0.001284405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970289,0.00008028919,0.0007274501,0.00001382047,0.00000646819,0.000005822562,0.0002088966,0.000008710312,0.001919694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006952306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01382369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036163101","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.077","title":"Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":289,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Amendment; Biochar; Soil water; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Genetic algorithm; Bioavailability; Soil conditioner; Soil science; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Mahtab Ahmad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sang Soo Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jung Eun Lim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sung‐Eun Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ju Sik Cho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deok Hyun Moon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yohey Hashimoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong Sik Ok","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007613780303431448,"gpt":0.1913930816522579,"spread":0.1837793013488265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001223817,0.0001755803,0.0001373785,0.000355004,0.0002985636,0.0002881017,0.0002485109,0.0002662377,0.0006982983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002630103,0.0001929977,0.00014553,0.0001956118,0.0002398855,0.0001819309,0.000198746,0.0002005076,0.0001683439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002735474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002324773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01070671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01369821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998804,0.00001556052,0.00001164885,0.00004140191,0.00003009397,0.00002087734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998882,0.00003424172,0.00001656643,0.00000844721,0.00003509227,0.00001748204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000476381,0.00002948744,0.007356977,0.00003451375,0.00001665222,0.0000905259,0.00008675324,0.0003800091,0.9897447,0.00003602781,0.00002728006,0.001720625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000358566,0.0006749757,0.1219746,0.00001515989,0.00007634037,0.0003426492,0.0007342713,0.004448873,0.8699045,0.0001783194,0.001588995,0.00002555909],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993235,0.00004137293,0.0002069053,0.00001064884,0.000001967686,0.000002177928,0.0001260889,0.000005594979,0.0002817489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982572,0.00006424213,0.0003756711,0.00001012752,0.000001221914,0.000003747562,0.0001522703,0.000003799999,0.001131858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01070671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02128881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749856681","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2017.08.004","title":"Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":276,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Environmental remediation; Amendment; Environmental science; Slash-and-char; Sediment; Soil conditioner; Soil remediation; Soil contamination; Biomass (ecology); Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Soil water; Soil science; Ecology; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Geology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mingming Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yi Zhu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lirong Cheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bruce Andserson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xiaohui Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dayang Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aizhong Ding","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1270865961604361,"gpt":0.3726849155084642,"spread":0.2455983193480281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005113712,0.0009985471,0.001560482,0.002917661,0.0002484242,0.0009965636,0.000899623,0.0008068014,0.003238668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007886483,0.0002991836,0.0008176772,0.003477307,0.0002464743,0.001005075,0.0005930527,0.0008401601,0.0009139029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000344722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001526469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001330748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002720467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997643,0.00002755696,0.00004780625,0.00004805739,0.00009003812,0.00002230282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996338,0.0001452486,0.00007995733,0.00001272182,0.0001028681,0.00002539112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000125096,0.0001030318,0.000291783,0.08999663,0.0004044976,0.0003468894,0.00007586049,0.0006078132,0.01187162,0.00210935,0.02299448,0.871073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000237006,0.0002207648,0.001594338,0.007001685,0.0006990372,0.001061521,0.00008473299,0.0001166839,0.003280217,0.001025714,0.9848512,0.00004033157],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003158093,0.9982824,0.000177524,0.0001107047,0.0002133061,0.000008294559,0.00005917289,0.000006299784,0.0008264247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001019469,0.9980612,0.0002717548,0.00009678993,0.00008313044,0.000004694284,0.00005106862,0.000001266749,0.00041068],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003238668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01083446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031703337","doi":"10.1021/es020697j","title":"Impacts of Phosphate Amendments on Lead Biogeochemistry at a Contaminated Site","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":274,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Phosphate; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Bioavailability; Rhizosphere; Phosphorite; Soil water; Contamination; Soil contamination; Soil science; Environmental science; Geology; Ecology; Biochemistry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Xinde Cao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Q. Lena","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ming Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Satya Pal Singh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Willie G. Harris","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007655231904730539,"gpt":0.2133310376858736,"spread":0.205675805781143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002220354,0.0003823628,0.0003185463,0.0002468021,0.0003482138,0.0004491255,0.000286552,0.0003429045,0.0008410127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003080909,0.0001703706,0.0002371744,0.0001688589,0.0002506457,0.0001758736,0.0002957611,0.0003468447,0.0001330465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005186714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006826922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009616476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01491066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997688,0.00004941639,0.00001739459,0.0000486012,0.00006217765,0.00005363914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998235,0.00003717074,0.00003741864,0.000009057403,0.00004794058,0.00004491488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000758153,0.00008083927,0.002766238,0.0001009881,0.00001270211,0.0001689936,0.00003725569,0.0003940857,0.9921067,0.00002478812,0.0000328971,0.003516468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009893328,0.005425232,0.04989436,0.0000195853,0.00007527947,0.0002372944,0.0003305057,0.002286307,0.9390367,0.0001340175,0.002437243,0.00002463147],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992397,0.00008046385,0.0002534815,0.00002556498,0.000006790539,0.00001913177,0.00006471602,0.00001451157,0.000295629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978595,0.0001611103,0.0009741204,0.00003405721,0.00000589602,0.00002572475,0.0001074666,0.000006804222,0.0008252881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009616476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01912099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972276543","doi":"10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00129-9","title":"Cocoa shells for heavy metal removal from acidic solutions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":258,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Metal; Leaching (pedology); Magnesium; Effluent; Human decontamination; Laboratory flask; Adsorption; Heavy metals; Potassium; Nuclear chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Soil water; Environmental engineering; Waste management","authors":[{"name":"Nathalie Meunier","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Laroulandie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean-François Blais","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. D. Tyagi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02015829767872964,"gpt":0.2370056924348581,"spread":0.2168473947561285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001356411,0.00059924,0.000231089,0.0003211768,0.0002259984,0.0003528428,0.000210953,0.0003043506,0.001027541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002664248,0.0001855818,0.0002621398,0.0002156141,0.0001901802,0.0003290068,0.0002607275,0.0003221796,0.000402105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002021161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001912279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002061646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004069691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999074,0.00001085975,0.000007752676,0.00001614185,0.00003077586,0.00002710702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99989,0.00002273016,0.00001654885,0.00001216245,0.00003417996,0.00002435435],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001009691,0.00001369936,0.00007650426,0.00008795288,0.000006312835,0.00005496969,0.00001327015,0.00006032779,0.9952493,0.00003671978,0.00004494126,0.004255118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005448879,0.0001052432,0.0005147309,0.000006359386,0.00001762012,0.00009654354,0.00001419426,0.0004037306,0.997582,0.00001200325,0.001238285,0.00000396324],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770579,0.006047679,0.01150674,0.0001294963,0.000220541,0.00004281454,0.0001156921,0.00023435,0.004644934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895803,0.001660821,0.004344378,0.00004562475,0.00001607276,0.00001499169,0.00009973747,0.0000583815,0.004179825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002061646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004099309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2547624913","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.037","title":"Health risk implications of potentially toxic metals in street dust and surface soil of Tehran, Iran","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":258,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Guelph","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Pollution; Environmental science; Contamination; Manganese; Dissolution; Adsorption; Organic matter; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Soil science; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Sharareh Dehghani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Farid Moore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Behnam Keshavarzi","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Hale Beverley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01062009276293309,"gpt":0.2353195311220375,"spread":0.2246994383591044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002857154,0.0002776379,0.0001682319,0.0008799202,0.0006703805,0.0004954406,0.000299102,0.0003913277,0.0006309631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003882661,0.0001413037,0.000289114,0.0005152713,0.0002968501,0.0001633556,0.0003611314,0.0001789873,0.00009077815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006374111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001233089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02998938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03585106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997674,0.00006071486,0.00001756421,0.00002944593,0.00006730253,0.00005760616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998167,0.00003191701,0.00005494716,0.000005379619,0.00006768749,0.0000233281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004931974,0.0002354621,0.9623312,0.0001528516,0.0001129263,0.001395514,0.003209732,0.000637256,0.009661593,0.0003495586,0.0005717424,0.02084899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002255189,0.0005591779,0.9860675,0.00002335918,0.0001109574,0.001058483,0.007383905,0.0005114345,0.002109463,0.0004286857,0.001713967,0.00001058541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992183,0.0001741958,0.00005325495,0.00009110487,0.000005226653,0.000004256495,0.00007586232,0.000002054645,0.000375675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994639,0.0001482989,0.00007634275,0.00001955158,0.000006007525,0.000002749051,0.00004161087,5.04742e-7,0.0002411524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02998938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05962968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992915913","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.038","title":"Evaluation of distribution, mobility and binding behaviour of heavy metals in surficial sediments of Louro River (Galicia, Spain) using chemometric analysis: a case study","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":257,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Xunta de Galicia; Universidade de Vigo","keywords":"Heavy metals; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Distribution (mathematics); Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Ana Virginia Filgueiras","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isela Lavilla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlos Bendicho","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03846944756110546,"gpt":0.2991326941821247,"spread":0.2606632466210193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006385804,0.0006015363,0.0007335219,0.002342718,0.0004998863,0.000939489,0.000755339,0.001133127,0.0002166537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009250314,0.0002449039,0.0004691578,0.002352388,0.0004796755,0.0003412869,0.0006541075,0.0002024599,0.000118497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001574602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007233804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1328238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09534608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996524,0.00006075074,0.00002473657,0.000105784,0.00008623756,0.00007004207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996375,0.00008975161,0.00007397355,0.00002807797,0.0001415621,0.00002911022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005495847,0.0003781116,0.891806,0.0002223589,0.0003084723,0.001165594,0.001201723,0.01977384,0.03573055,0.0003377386,0.0004219903,0.04810408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003021541,0.0001149333,0.9702342,0.00001870889,0.00008310866,0.0001715061,0.00117213,0.02207064,0.004749081,0.0001717576,0.001158958,0.00002489382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988835,0.0001082696,0.0003913773,0.00001862507,0.000001129206,0.000008246369,0.0002001291,0.00001161899,0.0003771787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981518,0.0001071092,0.0009008223,0.0000131858,0.000001932052,0.00001103414,0.0003656626,0.00000503002,0.000443315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1328238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2641013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043272855","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2006.09.008","title":"Bioavailability of trace metals to aquatic microorganisms: importance of chemical, biological and physical processes on biouptake","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biochimie","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":255,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; European Commission","keywords":"Bioavailability; Bioaccumulation; Biotic Ligand Model; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Trace metal; Biogeochemistry; Biochemical engineering; Metal; Dissolved organic carbon; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Isabelle Worms","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dana F. Simon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christel Hassler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin J. Wilkinson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04721777792028842,"gpt":0.3048532551551149,"spread":0.2576354772348265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005997993,0.001291583,0.002458184,0.00148016,0.0002747835,0.001124067,0.001423898,0.00131298,0.001502879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047762,0.0003517609,0.0004011753,0.002714991,0.0005254949,0.001175463,0.0005097961,0.0009367549,0.001820875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006687645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009341564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001996935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002889093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998235,0.00001600648,0.00002501609,0.00004810004,0.00007246306,0.00001488428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996834,0.0001154874,0.00005384001,0.00001233645,0.000113093,0.00002183476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001227578,0.00005398486,0.0003688725,0.01135988,0.00009174688,0.0002034987,0.00005564379,0.0005573304,0.01330361,0.00121214,0.009308123,0.9633624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002836187,0.0001791633,0.002305003,0.001478611,0.0002148884,0.001901843,0.0001414927,0.0002484636,0.00872836,0.00203194,0.982699,0.00004280539],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004068777,0.9979997,0.0005096814,0.0002058523,0.000125849,0.000003142728,0.00002531388,0.00001031732,0.0007132966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001249693,0.997434,0.0004482243,0.00008058515,0.00008551754,0.00000435421,0.00003374305,0.00000153418,0.0006623006],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002458184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005027592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792799257","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.015","title":"Reveal the response of enzyme activities to heavy metals through in situ zymography","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":251,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Rhizosphere; Zymography; Enzyme assay; Catalase; Soil contamination; Environmental chemistry; Seedling; Chemistry; Pollution; Enzyme; Agronomy; Biology; Soil water; Ecology; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chengjiao Duan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linchuan Fang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Congli Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weibin Chen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yongxing Cui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shiqing Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01116353618502782,"gpt":0.2453398358407374,"spread":0.2341762996557095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002797246,0.0006332612,0.0003453919,0.0003221953,0.0001514558,0.0005903592,0.0002290448,0.0003690073,0.001745043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003026426,0.0002193423,0.0003585099,0.0004114988,0.0003082279,0.0003846393,0.0002055463,0.0009289755,0.0005639247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000134351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001421846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005208587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006704032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998081,0.00003529641,0.00002375463,0.00004841667,0.0000390353,0.00004534466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997839,0.00007178435,0.00004856931,0.00002773605,0.00004116579,0.00002679892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000343749,0.00001274529,0.0001484493,0.00001295228,0.000002673384,0.00001193846,0.00001082395,0.00001151692,0.9992633,0.00002500844,0.0000129746,0.0004531479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002479404,0.00004510252,0.002714647,0.000001771911,0.000008256487,0.00006510117,0.00002971847,0.0004044015,0.9962624,0.00004348223,0.0004199377,0.000002546499],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339344,0.001052029,0.05982723,0.0005320197,0.0001019922,0.00005784839,0.001204601,0.0003086897,0.002981241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9472739,0.001396649,0.04006303,0.0001441306,0.00005142665,0.0001025287,0.001314902,0.0001021241,0.009551377],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001745043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005837739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996509104","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125620","title":"Enrichment and source identification of Cd and other heavy metals in soils with high geochemical background in the karst region, Southwestern China","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":248,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research; China Geological Survey; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pedogenesis; Weathering; Karst; Carbonate; Geology; Geochemistry; Carbonate rock; Soil water; Mineralogy; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Sedimentary rock; Soil science","authors":[{"name":"Yubo Wen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongfang Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qizuan Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Junfeng Ji","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00909881847720061,"gpt":0.2128494962666948,"spread":0.2037506777894942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002391475,0.0004178151,0.000378643,0.002496838,0.0008751107,0.0006524225,0.000431292,0.0003114892,0.000422879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001642117,0.0003125524,0.0002919295,0.00180075,0.0003597841,0.0003275993,0.0005322209,0.0001562205,0.00008360926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008298078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001402489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09868433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1208424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997796,0.0000129303,0.00002275618,0.00007310769,0.00005978422,0.00005169622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998287,0.00001651182,0.00004340115,0.000008552096,0.00006476874,0.00003815744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001749272,0.00008157137,0.9047023,0.0001334347,0.0001057873,0.0004874636,0.001034326,0.0004957158,0.08291093,0.0001603951,0.0001510494,0.009561968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008647999,0.00002170734,0.9963766,0.00000462306,0.00002799511,0.0001050934,0.0005659612,0.000564808,0.001961348,0.00005450801,0.0003026884,0.000006105972],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994357,0.00008859872,0.0001024412,0.00001662973,0.000002039792,0.000003356975,0.0001373918,0.000004606457,0.0002092508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990556,0.0001026783,0.0001423675,0.00001608253,0.00000439221,0.000003778952,0.0001945173,0.000002279042,0.0004782876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09868433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1962198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020744939","doi":"10.1007/s12665-013-2631-5","title":"Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment and water body around Dhaka export processing zone, Bangladesh","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Earth Sciences","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":246,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Pollution; Sediment; Contamination; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Effluent; Heavy metals; Water pollution; Surface water; Water body; Metal; Environmental engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Biology; Geomorphology","authors":[{"name":"M. Safiur Rahman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Narottam Saha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abul Hossain Molla","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008046193805041499,"gpt":0.2344175101959387,"spread":0.2263713163908972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001924215,0.0004299021,0.0002613986,0.0011985,0.001152489,0.0009752124,0.0004172637,0.0005168178,0.001465151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003490309,0.0003385631,0.0003267618,0.001472528,0.0004282409,0.0004045144,0.0008905343,0.0001979753,0.0002644503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001436721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001099478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07901543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1066075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998209,0.00004243373,0.00001902203,0.00002796913,0.00004228334,0.00004735122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999819,0.00003598115,0.00004620891,0.00000647978,0.00007153394,0.00002079463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003127075,0.0000814181,0.9520358,0.0002521394,0.0001250479,0.003148879,0.002749214,0.00876553,0.01781502,0.0007820958,0.00043536,0.01349678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003202636,0.0003833337,0.9628619,0.00006622027,0.0002121884,0.001034579,0.0178454,0.01059735,0.003208514,0.0009952579,0.002718111,0.00004499207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971274,0.00006154686,0.000290849,0.0000724651,0.000001480335,0.00002095117,0.0003370797,0.00000557783,0.002082705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998849,0.00009266765,0.0001989679,0.000008039423,8.019717e-7,0.00001019357,0.0001382913,9.075465e-7,0.0007010656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07901543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.157111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057451718","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.034","title":"Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoderma","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Fundación Séneca","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Particulates; Particle size; Metal; Calcite; Dolomite; Carbonate; Particle-size distribution; Particle (ecology); Goethite; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Environmental science; Metallurgy; Geology; Materials science; Soil science; Adsorption","authors":[{"name":"José A. Acosta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ángel Faz Cano","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. M. Arocena","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Debela","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silvia Martínez‐Martínez","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01993664077236859,"gpt":0.2851979281567923,"spread":0.2652612873844238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001575997,0.0004226476,0.0003636686,0.001149348,0.0003912905,0.0007789076,0.0005439742,0.0004553463,0.0007476254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002638824,0.0001822322,0.000336083,0.0008771151,0.000289559,0.000171904,0.0005190884,0.0001658219,0.0001972536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001000604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004930752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1285319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1686895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998521,0.00001823434,0.00001053723,0.00004209009,0.00002700299,0.00005009652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998593,0.00002321349,0.00003891148,0.000007680394,0.00004346034,0.0000274492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000649277,0.0001151365,0.9722031,0.00009199174,0.0001072803,0.0008191014,0.001340333,0.0006997468,0.007362843,0.0000873664,0.0003113709,0.01621236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008586408,0.00006100796,0.9972561,0.00000887121,0.00002347585,0.0001300841,0.001299363,0.0003940437,0.0003232,0.00003642427,0.0004543184,0.000004536756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988592,0.0001656327,0.0001390367,0.0000152954,0.000003302447,0.000006476851,0.0003939681,0.000008224727,0.0004089185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987463,0.0001136613,0.0002014381,0.000008681532,0.000002577086,0.000007031222,0.0003099513,0.000002755184,0.000607561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1285319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2555676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W199534434","doi":"10.1007/3-540-45991-x_4","title":"Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Soils","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoremediation; Commercialization; Hyperaccumulator; Phytoextraction process; Environmental science; Soil contamination; Environmentally friendly; Heavy metals; Environmental protection; Waste management; Engineering; Business; Soil water; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Terry McIntyre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009707156647238636,"gpt":0.2625433547000116,"spread":0.252836198052773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005541256,0.001181734,0.00199142,0.001962905,0.0003077111,0.000981979,0.001128177,0.0009811686,0.001948439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003710827,0.0003538115,0.0004668476,0.003149416,0.000422308,0.00106904,0.0005594005,0.0008563869,0.002260984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005105092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007283374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001480486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00303696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998007,0.00001623272,0.00002439159,0.00004243389,0.00009850231,0.00001778126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997663,0.00007327333,0.00004522383,0.00001616789,0.00007945648,0.00001959912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009515336,0.0001066248,0.0001732342,0.01014932,0.00008765762,0.0002285693,0.00004515586,0.0005289964,0.02529745,0.001298615,0.009615805,0.9523736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003730811,0.0002104483,0.001220057,0.0009012086,0.0001542107,0.001325292,0.000059578,0.000215093,0.0182932,0.001150677,0.9764045,0.00002838481],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001114467,0.9950619,0.001407425,0.0001685897,0.0002334795,0.0000101045,0.00003683618,0.00002826098,0.001938949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002558571,0.9933814,0.001102043,0.0001414321,0.0001180837,0.00000977479,0.00008334736,0.000004620548,0.002600742],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00199142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006518185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064471551","doi":"10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00119-0","title":"Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in urban soils","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":241,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Genetic algorithm; Bioavailability; Soil water; Trace metal; Chemistry; Metal; Soil pH; Environmental science; Soil science; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ying Ge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patricia Murray","is_ca":true},{"name":"William H. Hendershot","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006335539525312133,"gpt":0.1973465788006084,"spread":0.1910110392752962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001947097,0.0002365818,0.0002293026,0.001025642,0.0004598174,0.0007556162,0.0002740724,0.0003763902,0.001376036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003090995,0.0002694684,0.00012749,0.0006116145,0.0003308983,0.0002633684,0.0003602037,0.0002071605,0.0002998715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005148498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003776086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01123268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009495812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998462,0.00003087089,0.000009350691,0.00004275108,0.00002934696,0.00004151325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998693,0.00003091276,0.00002829787,0.000005895198,0.00004207216,0.0000235611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008045319,0.0004268477,0.2169583,0.000615057,0.0001823203,0.0009309087,0.001653871,0.006393233,0.7247756,0.001883067,0.000916281,0.03721931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002083447,0.001559966,0.5038829,0.0000554908,0.0002305836,0.002285913,0.006544315,0.01339521,0.4572151,0.003802062,0.01075238,0.00006756343],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986401,0.0004182136,0.0002779407,0.00002931852,0.000002662443,0.000002802895,0.00009880225,0.000009712869,0.0005204354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980647,0.0002726074,0.0001628833,0.000008512983,0.000003148993,0.000003021693,0.0001243339,0.000005115987,0.001355814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01123268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02233458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008108524","doi":"10.1021/es025669f","title":"Combining Selective Sequential Extractions, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and Principal Component Analysis for Quantitative Zinc Speciation in Soil","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":237,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"X-ray absorption fine structure; Chemistry; Zinc; Dissolution; Sorption; Soil water; Aqua regia; Extraction (chemistry); Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Environmental chemistry; Metal; Adsorption; Geology; Soil science; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Andreas C. Scheinost","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruben Kretzschmar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sabina Pfister","is_ca":false},{"name":"Darryl R. Roberts","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0205229630724489,"gpt":0.2705403420322944,"spread":0.2500173789598455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001110694,0.00143497,0.0009709811,0.001177907,0.0002955012,0.0007165617,0.0005429744,0.000550719,0.0005601355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001073497,0.0006181814,0.0007738353,0.001266624,0.0004265904,0.0008035222,0.0008867059,0.0008043764,0.0003828612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002469009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006527076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001208947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002899214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989273,0.0001575089,0.00009589526,0.0003994036,0.0003312647,0.00008868354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999586,0.0001570354,0.00005350295,0.00005459974,0.0001262632,0.00002251741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008352406,0.00005925709,0.001008095,0.0001688926,0.00003692038,0.00003003696,0.0000341405,0.0006108097,0.9596662,0.0001245869,0.00006761857,0.03810996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002366277,0.0002537789,0.007437781,0.00001152948,0.00009195911,0.0001863262,0.00005226367,0.02618881,0.9629223,0.0004417149,0.002346402,0.00004356103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4992701,0.003142631,0.4927011,0.000228157,0.0001036268,0.0004620248,0.0008992595,0.001792017,0.001401136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5154627,0.002416918,0.4788745,0.0001235157,0.00004520476,0.000436007,0.0006440466,0.0001755005,0.001821633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00143497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005873978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011029901","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.06.008","title":"Effects of Cd, Pb, and Cu on growth and essential oil contents in dill, peppermint, and basil","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":236,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture","funders":"Purdue University","keywords":"Essential oil; Chemistry; Shoot; Horticulture; Metal; Ocimum; Menthol; Copper; Botany; Food science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Valtcho D. Zheljazkov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lyle E. Craker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baoshan Xing","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003907520190793969,"gpt":0.2055057998511819,"spread":0.201598279660388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001700575,0.000719403,0.0004302412,0.0004538649,0.0004478293,0.0004291761,0.0004217096,0.0005586114,0.001513865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003314995,0.0003705358,0.0002893534,0.0002845594,0.0005813806,0.0004496147,0.0004971424,0.001148637,0.000321568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006951593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004200623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00971775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01273363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998223,0.00003255918,0.00001274683,0.00004827678,0.00001653445,0.00006753757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991235,0.0003418085,0.0000862518,0.00004549739,0.0001221649,0.0002807182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01146911,0.0002097297,0.002462761,0.00007387548,0.00003032404,0.0001980212,0.0002247706,0.0001501774,0.9829528,0.00008321694,0.00009663834,0.002048565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001296677,0.003208441,0.04718191,0.00001799519,0.0001310874,0.0002016072,0.0006648726,0.002020933,0.9449783,0.0001633111,0.001251124,0.00005070429],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987936,0.0002459703,0.0002084137,0.00005624936,0.00001611914,0.000005493264,0.0002043483,0.00002742452,0.0004422726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957943,0.0001342714,0.0004217224,0.0000753472,0.000006005309,0.00001375041,0.000417103,0.00002509805,0.003112349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00971775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0193224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902411381","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.045","title":"Synthesis of MgO-coated corncob biochar and its application in lead stabilization in a soil washing residue","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment International","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":231,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Recruitment Program of Global Experts; Tsinghua University; Killam Trusts","keywords":"Biochar; Corncob; Adsorption; Environmental remediation; Chemistry; Charcoal; Magnesium; Lime; Aqueous solution; Nuclear chemistry; Contamination; Environmental chemistry; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry; Raw material","authors":[{"name":"Zhengtao Shen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jingzhuo Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Deyi Hou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel C.W. Tsang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yong Sik Ok","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel S. Alessi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01233914859051368,"gpt":0.2363528600257807,"spread":0.224013711435267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007135631,0.0003549026,0.0002290387,0.0003325193,0.0001440689,0.000189222,0.0001908598,0.000295683,0.0002842747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001006375,0.0001666372,0.0003038325,0.0002347246,0.0001286265,0.0001509793,0.0001818887,0.0002130183,0.0001461947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002030952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002106487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001537479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004194309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999064,0.000007024582,0.000008385095,0.00002409898,0.00003291305,0.00002120227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999549,0.000003568488,0.00001499079,0.000003902552,0.00001110456,0.00001149577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001807834,0.000005090013,0.0001081806,0.00004919252,0.000003354819,0.00003108427,0.000004326822,0.0000796828,0.9986928,0.00002825217,0.000007033609,0.0009729309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005362635,0.00009833674,0.00195377,0.000005406804,0.00001678841,0.00008501146,0.00001619899,0.0006197566,0.9960502,0.00001822973,0.001125385,0.00000559278],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832469,0.003682075,0.0107867,0.00008650384,0.00005820302,0.00006678605,0.0002269014,0.00009461563,0.001751257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866092,0.001096511,0.01102794,0.00003098936,0.000007446452,0.00002949865,0.0001427676,0.00002189016,0.001033819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001537479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003057122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}