{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1051,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":3,"predictions_cover":1051,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"dcf32921f602","filters":{"topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors"}},"results":[{"id":"W2142472921","doi":"10.1179/1743294414y.0000000270","title":"Cold spray coating: review of material systems and future perspectives","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface Engineering","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":733,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Ceramic; Gas dynamic cold spray; Coating; Thermal spraying; Nanotechnology; Microstructure; Polymer; Composite material; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004039419654692564,"gpt":0.1958680413541296,"spread":0.191828621699437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003050144,0.0002228494,0.0003847522,0.00004754577,0.00002853582,0.00004203093,0.0001090446,0.0001030456,0.00001983215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006728676,0.0002211381,0.00004115424,0.0001727929,0.00001864492,0.0001024739,0.00002580677,0.0001888273,0.000004251279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000484824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007890932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006566765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.963763e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991086,0.00002923015,0.0002882033,0.0001801575,0.0001696511,0.0002241587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995034,0.00005665459,0.00004412087,0.0002445493,0.00007143404,0.0000798843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001416299,0.000007117251,0.0002050543,0.007608668,0.00002743441,0.000002298952,0.0005877661,0.052736,0.9363447,0.001972766,0.0004825865,0.0000241637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001443841,0.0002844207,0.005044209,0.02644943,0.0003300191,0.0001057946,0.001721921,0.03316189,0.7392965,0.000002328259,0.1893142,0.002845395],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745345,0.02189351,0.0007711399,0.00004911757,0.00172981,0.0003036943,0.00002503742,0.0005162496,0.0001770148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950099,0.002270567,0.002203329,0.000004523132,0.0003901889,0.00001149244,0.000006582235,0.00006951604,0.00003388427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1970482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9017749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901128937","doi":"10.1007/s11666-019-00857-1","title":"Beyond Traditional Coatings: A Review on Thermal-Sprayed Functional and Smart Coatings","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":368,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Coating; Metal coating","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01177169926817097,"gpt":0.215300487876938,"spread":0.2035287886087671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004932436,0.0002695132,0.0005154514,0.0003358515,0.00007708979,0.0000310893,0.0002834672,0.0002968991,0.0005560495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001364116,0.0002243424,0.0001337875,0.0003263991,0.0001107861,0.0001986635,0.00003924717,0.001078961,0.00007856757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001037256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005076972,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001024504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001286593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984555,0.00004994975,0.0006315016,0.0001944405,0.0003759731,0.0002926538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990175,0.0001600338,0.0003253893,0.0002423989,0.0001623154,0.00009231165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005097773,0.00007843558,0.004803273,0.0002235573,0.00007422527,0.00004575765,0.00007217903,0.001040586,0.9855537,0.002523454,0.00411469,0.0014192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01386483,0.0106328,0.1248578,0.01783773,0.001337714,0.009439454,0.0007187621,0.0005455759,0.7118942,0.003882291,0.1005054,0.004483449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924322,0.003039299,0.00006398065,0.001835089,0.0008115526,0.0002460409,0.00001191688,0.0001896292,0.001370343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973708,0.0003552535,0.001254479,0.0006164293,0.0002085738,0.00001398487,0.000006599732,0.00005658532,0.0001172336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2736595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9148417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083099937","doi":"10.1007/s11666-007-9086-8","title":"Investigation of Al-Al2O3 Cold Spray Coating Formation and Properties","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":359,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Indentation hardness; Gas dynamic cold spray; Abrasion (mechanical); Cermet; Composite material; Thermal spraying; Aluminium; Salt spray test; Metallurgy; Deposition (geology); Corrosion; Microstructure; Ceramic","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01420247313882733,"gpt":0.216676799227876,"spread":0.2024743260890487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005879637,0.0001152732,0.0002261732,0.0003985848,0.00004626639,0.0000158773,0.0001468994,0.0001989946,0.000004603557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001186714,0.0000947724,0.00003495319,0.0002758883,0.0001194104,0.000300401,0.00002870422,0.0004051958,0.00000144416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006498903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000194425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002303944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001108022,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990152,0.00001907984,0.0005582351,0.0000613303,0.0001698128,0.0001763822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993368,0.00003500539,0.0003112045,0.0001096649,0.000160821,0.00004647028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001219732,0.000005830917,0.009084377,0.00004432503,0.00001659939,0.000009254451,0.0004644713,0.0003860147,0.9888635,0.0002204449,0.00008700004,0.0008060216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002896278,0.0001604344,0.004665089,0.0001628256,0.00002437778,0.0001305024,0.0002710528,0.00008567685,0.9934436,0.00003024423,0.0006414675,0.00009512191],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976364,0.0004389243,0.001153764,0.0003182867,0.0001939741,0.000103647,9.508041e-7,0.0001020065,0.00005200973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942415,0.00002302737,0.005623307,0.00003039121,0.00005006252,0.00000172554,4.659794e-7,0.00002101154,0.000008499928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004580117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3864706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557492879","doi":"10.1007/s11666-016-0473-x","title":"The 2016 Thermal Spray Roadmap","year":2016,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":315,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Concordia University; National Research Council Canada; Alberta Innovates; Université de Sherbrooke; University of Alberta","funders":"Sandia National Laboratories","keywords":"Aerospace; Thermal spraying; Limiting; Systems engineering; Emerging technologies; Snapshot (computer storage); Nanotechnology; Materials science; Manufacturing engineering; Coating; Engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Aerospace engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006053885011063458,"gpt":0.2221871207428949,"spread":0.2161332357318314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001417888,0.0006374638,0.0008304858,0.0005908295,0.0003992885,0.0001516963,0.002192542,0.001211713,0.000430835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006888747,0.0003326538,0.0004784576,0.0006225901,0.0007036516,0.0003848738,0.0002989091,0.002036256,0.001002537],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004171095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002724958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005608266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001462528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960595,0.0002398896,0.001509775,0.0003524974,0.0006525896,0.001185723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996663,0.0005274923,0.001023027,0.001096662,0.0004453656,0.0002444461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001287135,0.00009681672,0.004009307,0.000017032,0.0005161,0.0003605926,0.0001489321,0.0003165519,0.9654806,0.001183319,0.005980966,0.02176112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00221342,0.0009387363,0.004733296,0.0009212459,0.0004640496,0.0004710819,0.0001638891,0.00000951703,0.5913514,0.0002678637,0.3976862,0.0007792602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9582926,0.01689145,0.0004451811,0.01514121,0.008223714,0.0002929623,0.00002088981,0.0003152867,0.0003767006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929144,0.001624939,0.001081666,0.00007036412,0.002331091,0.00001311936,5.362891e-7,0.0001779046,0.001785932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3917053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021311589","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.07.020","title":"Dynamic recrystallization in the particle/particle interfacial region of cold-sprayed nickel coating: Electron backscatter diffraction characterization","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scripta Materialia","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":294,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Electron backscatter diffraction; Recrystallization (geology); Gas dynamic cold spray; Dynamic recrystallization; Nickel; Electron diffraction; Diffraction; Metallurgy; Particle size; Scanning electron microscope; Coating; Crystallography; Composite material; Microstructure; Chemical engineering; Optics; Hot working","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01250731358434253,"gpt":0.2384572184730035,"spread":0.225949904888661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002459958,0.0001778604,0.0001964319,0.00005008477,0.00005885004,0.0001299012,0.0001752919,0.0001195101,0.00002795752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003578104,0.0001588373,0.00003583489,0.0003328284,0.00002857405,0.0004047771,0.00001182268,0.0001413131,0.00001814213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001346309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001282183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002067674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003422756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986935,0.0001518018,0.0004743868,0.0001982649,0.0001949864,0.0002870656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995048,0.000004151486,0.0001195026,0.000284338,0.0000538514,0.00003332805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005326295,0.00006269386,0.001578089,0.00002485577,0.00000426245,0.000003645622,0.001311288,0.00004765855,0.995846,0.0003208393,0.0006505366,0.00009681619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005690632,0.0001849694,0.1537647,0.0001002745,0.00003099693,0.00001166478,0.0001122613,0.004152689,0.838869,0.0000372188,0.001925327,0.0002417318],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99394,0.00001001392,0.001920474,0.0003453401,0.003232087,0.0003792282,0.000007630082,0.0001480376,0.00001721896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991077,0.00001584285,0.00007398119,0.00009785748,0.00007048614,0.00003262894,0.0001192825,0.00002972868,0.000452519],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.156977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6477196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119416744","doi":"10.1007/s11666-008-9203-3","title":"Review on Cold Spray Process and Technology: Part I—Intellectual Property","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Gas dynamic cold spray; Commercialization; Process (computing); Thermal spraying; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Coating; Engineering; Computer science; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01427790350861783,"gpt":0.239643721689706,"spread":0.2253658181810881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002783087,0.0002819815,0.0005869623,0.0006105226,0.0001214965,0.0000129732,0.0004937799,0.0004732898,0.00007629216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005881715,0.0001835478,0.000072825,0.0009615793,0.0003221938,0.0001267487,0.00005681352,0.001362944,0.00004064897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008477544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007766294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.20581e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001895601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998588,0.00003164369,0.0005903557,0.0002004608,0.0002281133,0.0003614789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990727,0.00005589306,0.0002092238,0.0003263909,0.000250121,0.00008562571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005076805,0.0002096807,0.004755787,0.0006270959,0.0001723157,0.000669038,0.0002721358,0.0003316935,0.9569429,0.0002390658,0.03139147,0.004338039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007475447,0.001209926,0.0001272962,0.003331183,0.0001213265,0.004187681,0.00009005456,0.00001342942,0.7593092,0.00004067436,0.2303266,0.0004950926],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790979,0.0165813,0.00002638841,0.002915605,0.0003513512,0.0003068481,0.000002842972,0.0004735549,0.0002442313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914619,0.007323736,0.0005963974,0.0002037007,0.0001203507,0.00002614544,5.006388e-7,0.0000610644,0.0002062442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1989351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7484864,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112479233","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.03.043","title":"Oxidation behaviour of CoNiCrAlY bond coats produced by plasma, HVOF and cold gas dynamic spraying","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":249,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal spraying; Materials science; Microstructure; Coating; Oxide; Metallurgy; Gas dynamic cold spray; Isothermal process; Deposition (geology); Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003051047236436084,"gpt":0.206802695424484,"spread":0.2037516481880479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000185916,0.0002232213,0.0003088359,0.000136337,0.0001029923,0.00003398767,0.0001475094,0.00042421,0.000007531327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008225531,0.0002410413,0.00002104979,0.0002935948,0.00022911,0.0001238563,0.00005963881,0.0006035612,0.000003232424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002156736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002051411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004023033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000157902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989256,0.0000108705,0.0003176447,0.0003304337,0.000123092,0.000292358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993945,0.0000514017,0.0001178929,0.0002910018,0.00008775442,0.00005745117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003350609,0.0000188257,0.03529596,0.00004678822,0.000008483315,0.000002625666,0.0001905171,0.00002064241,0.9634962,0.0003495432,0.0002521172,0.0003149469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004195692,0.00008888442,0.001387946,0.00004376109,0.00003949176,0.00002402304,0.0002149786,0.0001556444,0.9970264,0.00004325747,0.0003120892,0.0002439397],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984148,0.0002067852,0.00003977634,0.0002976101,0.0001776607,0.0003065001,0.00002451875,0.0005081071,0.00002427985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966336,0.00006111286,0.003132315,0.000008102083,0.000006696391,0.00001986277,0.00001697369,0.00004765846,0.00007364918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03390802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9829379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040113934","doi":"10.1007/s11661-005-0182-4","title":"Cold spray deposition of nanocrystalline aluminum alloys","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":223,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Nanocrystalline material; Gas dynamic cold spray; Materials science; Nanoindentation; Metallurgy; Scanning electron microscope; Transmission electron microscopy; Grain size; Deposition (geology); Coating; Composite material; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007253942383715399,"gpt":0.2032064938200551,"spread":0.1959525514363397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001136282,0.000134073,0.0002566475,0.00005160659,0.00005924021,0.00004926118,0.00005379603,0.0001107901,0.0008832946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002138327,0.0001279962,0.00005457626,0.00009440534,0.00004965563,0.0001393537,0.000003251347,0.00007735541,0.0000139532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001772012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006063912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002529525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005970247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992399,0.0000310223,0.0003221065,0.0001383029,0.0001129722,0.0001557006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997436,0.00001937936,0.00002728548,0.0001055233,0.00002753149,0.00007665485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000905273,0.00005921082,4.158451e-7,0.00005155361,0.0000303227,0.000003982625,0.00006802502,0.004484716,0.9949753,0.0001285193,0.00002294812,0.0001659949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003913956,0.00004359075,0.0001648579,0.00003539375,0.0001069611,0.0000564183,0.00001133252,0.0003194436,0.9839054,0.000004366983,0.01479074,0.0001700919],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9254645,0.0001120005,0.0736118,0.00006824959,0.0002890304,0.0001495175,0.00005892524,0.0001792878,0.00006671056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924541,0.0001215035,0.006911078,0.00001167674,0.0000920407,0.00003687689,0.00001796005,0.0000250121,0.0003297942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06698957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9671456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112202196","doi":"10.1088/0022-3727/44/9/093001","title":"Engineering a new class of thermal spray nano-based microstructures from agglomerated nanostructured particles, suspensions and solutions: an invited review","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Nanometre; Materials science; Thermal spraying; Suspension (topology); Nanotechnology; Raw material; Coating; Agglomerate; Nano-; Nanoparticle; Oxide; Composite material; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02463956605589292,"gpt":0.2159889114259555,"spread":0.1913493453700626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001265525,0.000346339,0.000636706,0.00005710535,0.00006988744,0.00003395357,0.000260589,0.0001282379,0.00001887872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002282343,0.0003137896,0.0001389622,0.0004662678,0.00007830315,0.0002031237,0.00003829066,0.0004993326,0.000001988073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005132165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001031725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002703688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000654843,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984985,0.00004423984,0.00065055,0.0001970094,0.0002950913,0.0003145871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987932,0.00006961069,0.0003734953,0.0003429967,0.0001893536,0.0002313707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002908182,0.00005760825,0.000151037,0.0001301301,0.0001081415,0.000005495549,0.0006372565,0.01742389,0.9788915,0.0007744179,0.0004424716,0.001348954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009041897,0.00007241986,0.002964564,0.0006738984,0.0003246352,0.000007014844,0.00003054737,0.001439872,0.9919137,0.001209015,0.00009908841,0.0003610957],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945182,0.001860072,0.002923006,0.00001805689,0.0002908314,0.0002498167,0.00004818919,0.00008232619,0.000009551941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881819,0.0001699211,0.01106919,0.0001176002,0.0003369536,0.000004796223,0.0000396154,0.00007923962,7.501484e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01598402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050280536","doi":"10.1007/s11661-006-1074-y","title":"Brief review of oxidation kinetics of copper at 350 °C to 1050 °C","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":212,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"","keywords":"Copper; Grain boundary diffusion coefficient; Lattice diffusion coefficient; Oxidizing agent; Grain boundary; Impurity; Kinetics; Atmospheric temperature range; Diffusion; Activation energy; Metallurgy; Materials science; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Effective diffusion coefficient; Thermodynamics; Physical chemistry; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006908232456835739,"gpt":0.2122859182985021,"spread":0.2053776858416664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001025158,0.0001026165,0.0003130278,0.00004224916,0.0000213744,0.00001274182,0.00004566015,0.0000631709,0.001058314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005683854,0.0000945188,0.00005001949,0.0001362889,0.00003367379,0.00004285128,0.000004775376,0.00003435502,0.000008855443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001564881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002906267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007438382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003664041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992467,0.00002981855,0.0003963291,0.0001091076,0.0001160636,0.0001020344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999736,0.00001866914,0.00003617153,0.0001163025,0.00004776404,0.00004511492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005546576,0.00003958102,8.434642e-7,0.001031687,0.00001074234,0.000001273631,0.00001665481,0.0009598318,0.9975842,0.00008083101,0.0001811803,0.00008758443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001857587,0.00004809665,0.001407799,0.0005935672,0.0001202534,0.00001968424,0.000002015523,0.00001057936,0.9780093,0.000006946198,0.01947479,0.0001211935],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771047,0.0009862895,0.02111417,0.00008211146,0.0001904324,0.0002362843,0.00007624712,0.00006338955,0.0001463334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962936,0.00114396,0.002119652,0.00001977088,0.00002277864,0.00002721142,0.00003394465,0.00001671263,0.0003223876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01957493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156773773","doi":"10.1007/s11090-014-9600-y","title":"A Perspective on Plasma Spray Technology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal spraying; Plasma; Solution precursor plasma spray; Plasma torch; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Condensation; Substrate (aquarium); Raw material; Microstructure; Process engineering; Engineering physics; Coating; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Engineering; Physics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005477360297559469,"gpt":0.2154623232490586,"spread":0.2099849629514992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001462194,0.0004026467,0.0003343639,0.00009039069,0.0002771677,0.0001555516,0.0002367315,0.0004746662,0.00004089363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002537917,0.0004071377,0.00004545055,0.0003882465,0.0001626527,0.0001596357,0.0000486859,0.0008168955,0.00004658632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001568154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004355587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002538093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005588135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985103,0.00001579395,0.0002680047,0.0005135952,0.0002174475,0.0004748531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992623,0.0001412642,0.00007259045,0.0002698248,0.0000963471,0.000157638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005280679,0.00006505889,0.0007791918,0.0005972704,0.00003951138,0.00003578781,0.001287861,0.003464649,0.9851986,0.0004986859,0.0003532347,0.00762735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007192553,0.00005087021,0.00005704776,0.0003501527,0.00003963224,0.0002067068,0.0006020658,0.02283408,0.9685184,0.0001353812,0.005947242,0.0005392125],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.983278,0.00008191454,0.0001207024,0.0002531508,0.0001419584,0.00009521339,0.00001250099,0.0009286482,0.01508787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969079,0.00001524437,0.002265489,0.00001871974,0.0001907075,0.00003847702,0.00001396624,0.00007184742,0.0004776731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01936943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980995923","doi":"10.1007/s11666-011-9720-3","title":"The Effect of Deposition Conditions on Adhesion Strength of Ti and Ti6Al4V Cold Spray Splats","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Adhesion; Substrate (aquarium); Titanium alloy; Shear strength (soil); Thermal spraying; Paint adhesion testing; Coating; Metallurgy; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00619488414709299,"gpt":0.2194804147628415,"spread":0.2132855306157485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002374834,0.0001264092,0.0002708584,0.0001889266,0.00005763798,0.000006366499,0.0002056718,0.0002280141,0.00001857963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009140542,0.0000835168,0.00006961133,0.000174101,0.0001438991,0.00006997157,0.0000260327,0.0004241452,0.000001986434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002665741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001048685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002539555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004615975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992092,0.00005531819,0.0003824158,0.00007034127,0.000142632,0.0001400733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999287,0.0001646001,0.0002699971,0.0001640253,0.00007218334,0.0000421785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008669773,0.00002731486,0.006427002,0.00003357701,0.00005442309,0.00001874129,0.0001011613,0.0002825461,0.9918473,0.0004451365,0.00009078497,0.0005852519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048279,0.001931685,0.007952708,0.000150844,0.00008221858,0.00005634739,0.0000341079,0.00002009124,0.9891256,0.00001428182,0.00007828572,0.00007104286],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991325,0.0002752697,0.00003790754,0.00006998997,0.0001841044,0.0001206124,0.000008175868,0.00004866249,0.0001227839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999438,0.00004583588,0.0004478326,0.000004649501,0.00003363798,0.000003569794,6.531438e-7,0.00002027945,0.000005470044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002721766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3405716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2747605504","doi":"10.3390/coatings7080122","title":"Development of Sustainable Cold Spray Coatings and 3D Additive Manufacturing Components for Repair/Manufacturing Applications: A Critical Review","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Coatings","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation","keywords":"Gas dynamic cold spray; Thermal spraying; Materials science; Cermet; Residual stress; Ceramic; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; Remanufacturing; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Manufacturing engineering; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Coating","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05807779212974923,"gpt":0.3341774057304375,"spread":0.2760996136006883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001010346,0.0008968762,0.002630414,0.0002651785,0.0007078903,0.0001652616,0.0006430278,0.0004729069,0.0000291277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007669301,0.0008858957,0.0004340084,0.0001161814,0.0002010492,0.0002738702,0.0003480789,0.000758605,0.00001727064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004305473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002544544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009960499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004041381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996105,0.00008268563,0.00175331,0.0008335263,0.0004158597,0.0008095868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967758,0.0009985617,0.0008065045,0.0008966267,0.0002787733,0.0002437127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006043615,0.0001061021,0.000002111254,0.6662557,0.0002898784,0.00004293249,0.0008607426,0.000004554885,0.0005869389,0.001009175,0.004562539,0.3262733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001980808,0.00002487738,0.000004056441,0.06786013,0.0008303163,0.00002687899,0.00005875622,0.000003490325,0.007630521,0.000008485986,0.9225786,0.0007757491],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001775119,0.9905502,0.002333971,0.00001146185,0.0001806052,0.005748712,0.0002133272,0.0005654416,0.0002187241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003862662,0.9406707,0.04907871,0.00003354677,0.0001877625,0.008503177,0.0004447677,0.0002846245,0.0004104267],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9180161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981166900","doi":"10.1007/s11666-013-9951-6","title":"Effect of Particle Morphology and Size Distribution on Cold-Sprayed Pure Titanium Coatings","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Porosity; Coating; Particle size; Gas dynamic cold spray; Particle (ecology); Titanium powder; Particle-size distribution; Composite material; Raw material; Titanium; Indentation hardness; Thermal spraying; Grain size; Morphology (biology); Metallurgy; Microstructure; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003045838989009541,"gpt":0.2101052167827182,"spread":0.2070593777937086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003249643,0.0001603503,0.0003749498,0.0000556185,0.00003915168,0.00001687057,0.0001950215,0.0003144061,0.00007174694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003692983,0.0001248163,0.00006280778,0.0002297824,0.0001355296,0.0001105325,0.00003771826,0.0005299686,0.00001809016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006536926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001046027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000431925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001105019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990497,0.00007128294,0.0003967657,0.0001025163,0.0001412424,0.0002384659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991876,0.0002476905,0.0002086755,0.0001777178,0.0001148716,0.00006343752],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003924975,0.00002909514,0.009676201,0.00002750174,0.0000289251,0.00002568968,0.00002973314,0.0003226226,0.9881265,0.000440952,0.0006314339,0.0006220966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000768009,0.001685758,0.01059016,0.00005622636,0.00005195385,0.0001416912,0.00002475833,0.00006179234,0.9861809,0.0000244619,0.000306167,0.0001081119],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986254,0.0001520057,0.0001433538,0.000503916,0.0002550978,0.0001827631,0.000007260728,0.0001074154,0.00002281362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995304,0.00001511149,0.0003275768,0.00001713236,0.00005126986,0.0000122596,9.874702e-7,0.00002506291,0.00002021023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001945586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5089861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044274291","doi":"10.1007/s11666-010-9568-y","title":"Influence of Helium and Nitrogen Gases on the Properties of Cold Gas Dynamic Sprayed Pure Titanium Coatings","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Coating; Helium; Particle (ecology); Composite material; Porosity; Titanium; Indentation hardness; Particle velocity; Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Nitrogen; Argon; Propellant; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Thermodynamics; Atomic physics; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005136392103431513,"gpt":0.1993628254475186,"spread":0.1942264333440871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002899311,0.0001603722,0.0003259769,0.0002284934,0.00004731976,0.00001349413,0.0004114162,0.0002550722,0.00001102859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003113999,0.0001025125,0.00006292402,0.0002364622,0.0003219054,0.00009582605,0.00005789275,0.0008855758,0.000002071449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002464897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003753374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006381787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002388131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990301,0.00002820284,0.0004611398,0.00008954713,0.0002046663,0.0001863778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990693,0.0000708351,0.0003283842,0.0002650062,0.0002291345,0.00003729241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003025138,0.00003360192,0.006640005,0.00004338545,0.00003679525,0.00001037876,0.0001249989,0.001501034,0.9907743,0.0007082718,0.00003668002,0.00006026449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002263364,0.0003111196,0.002146839,0.0001885359,0.00004400089,0.0001258764,0.0001338778,0.00003987296,0.9963948,0.00006396454,0.0002263463,0.00009847944],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986874,0.0002792379,0.000008494425,0.0006454058,0.0001421563,0.0001455599,0.000006358458,0.00006156721,0.00002375726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992788,0.00003503939,0.0005867289,0.00002334634,0.00003070413,0.000005638882,1.599535e-7,0.00002964346,0.00000994775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005620417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.418034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001550333","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.232","title":"Effect of particle size, morphology, and hardness on cold gas dynamic sprayed aluminum alloy coatings","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Gas dynamic cold spray; Nanoindentation; Nanocrystalline material; Particle size; Alloy; Scanning electron microscope; Metallurgy; Particle (ecology); Coating; Morphology (biology); Aluminium; Grain size; Composite material; Transmission electron microscopy; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002841060104224719,"gpt":0.2132727537756607,"spread":0.2104316936714359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003419459,0.0003096694,0.0004934802,0.00009557822,0.0001093763,0.00002791341,0.0001650057,0.0004042952,0.00001109869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001481041,0.0002983261,0.00003978744,0.0003961217,0.0003801586,0.00007145754,0.00007142155,0.0004087494,0.000009138304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004022552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001062298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001038269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000792073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986265,0.00005868687,0.0003680837,0.0003760956,0.0001444857,0.0004261492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991424,0.0003227883,0.0001122038,0.0003122245,0.0000549006,0.00005549136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002404047,0.00002758973,0.03332072,0.00009800468,0.00001081281,0.00002032583,0.00009862573,0.0005382444,0.9646725,0.0006195054,0.0002856922,0.0002839114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001052533,0.0007852795,0.003583805,0.00009648922,0.00005933453,0.00003934808,0.00009562577,0.0005070945,0.9931735,0.00007495043,0.0002275623,0.0003044862],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980749,0.0002896635,0.00003511535,0.0002983901,0.0001475922,0.0003634814,0.00001718425,0.0007132352,0.00006039472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987451,0.00003737043,0.0008592654,0.00002259983,0.00001131048,0.00003762042,0.000006792463,0.00005937125,0.0002205889],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02973692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999469,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029191077","doi":"10.1361/105996303770348249","title":"Effect of Substrate Temperature on Adhesion Strength of Plasma-Sprayed Nickel Coatings","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Adhesion; Composite material; Microstructure; Substrate (aquarium); Thermal spraying; Porosity; Oxide; Alloy; Nickel; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004935016653227557,"gpt":0.2255087029642209,"spread":0.2205736863109933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000566351,0.000283505,0.0007199426,0.0005322092,0.00003900305,0.00001131672,0.0003235259,0.0005980324,0.00003517585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003863024,0.0002166797,0.0002058094,0.0005291955,0.0001246681,0.00009214816,0.00002043136,0.001137739,0.000003272458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000701313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005312588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001280442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002211334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998389,0.0001229541,0.0007576189,0.0001456998,0.0003146378,0.0002700547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987164,0.0002033691,0.0004909717,0.0003306349,0.0001865109,0.0000721387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001704808,0.00008901143,0.004779498,0.0001191112,0.00006910458,0.00005380868,0.00006734853,0.002913491,0.9908653,0.000275719,0.0001308344,0.0004663198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001308366,0.002897193,0.001030866,0.0003336646,0.00009328229,0.0002036436,0.00004112519,0.00001841208,0.9936725,0.00000901737,0.0002351187,0.0001567706],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989093,0.0001980001,0.00000760777,0.00006845714,0.0003708703,0.0001646632,0.000007306447,0.00009839283,0.0001754011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981773,0.00003830092,0.001653756,0.000006353968,0.00003390536,0.000003681368,0.000001381319,0.00005257103,0.00003268074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003748632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8835942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346574426","doi":"10.1007/s11666-016-0415-7","title":"A Review of Thermal Spray Metallization of Polymer-Based Structures","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Polymer; Thermal spraying; Deposition (geology); Polymer substrate; Thermal; Metal; Substrate (aquarium); Composite material; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Coating","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01748914926645338,"gpt":0.2933682124221506,"spread":0.2758790631556972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005878629,0.0005819274,0.00309827,0.001084463,0.00002975681,0.00001047581,0.001152968,0.001013555,0.0003683717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002886562,0.0003735944,0.0009350671,0.0008599965,0.0002208112,0.0001183406,0.00007891468,0.001069902,0.000008483817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001430577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002997115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001506276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001251309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966005,0.0002141894,0.002189743,0.0002189687,0.0004280801,0.000348539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962813,0.0001635258,0.002439315,0.0006828517,0.0003532004,0.00007975335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002682208,0.0001423702,0.0000483701,0.1213884,0.001529698,0.00009732154,0.00002918556,0.0002049203,0.3535367,0.001040614,0.000645926,0.5213097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006407289,0.0004696113,0.00001314503,0.2221922,0.003108164,0.0003740903,0.000006176901,0.000001154168,0.1765232,0.00002737554,0.5958984,0.0007457312],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00249912,0.9958466,0.0002770276,0.00007300422,0.0006446054,0.0004262777,0.00005587218,0.0001121985,0.00006532898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007230927,0.9912001,0.001160284,0.00002509802,0.0001870696,0.00001644499,0.00000996382,0.0001470714,0.00002307852],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5952525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004035022","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.01.021","title":"Pre-oxidation and TGO growth behaviour of an air-plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal barrier coating; Materials science; Composite material; Spinel; Ceramic; Oxide; Nucleation; Temperature cycling; Durability; Coating; Oxidizing agent; Layer (electronics); Creep; Metallurgy; Forensic engineering; Thermal","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006077313997951649,"gpt":0.2094959013144917,"spread":0.20341858731654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001667808,0.0002372717,0.0003098073,0.0001599536,0.0001937054,0.00001529428,0.0001620135,0.0003771599,0.00001139653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008217976,0.0002457848,0.00002540791,0.0003226828,0.0002728475,0.0002359384,0.00006112398,0.0003866563,0.000002156756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002244634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002258407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008321898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004852119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988647,0.00003271256,0.000342922,0.000307032,0.0001532968,0.0002993729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993838,0.00005546596,0.0001083791,0.0002659895,0.0001090243,0.00007731387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007049879,0.00001986403,0.1316486,0.00003162924,0.000008638378,0.00001001752,0.001477866,0.0003606286,0.8658894,0.0001621546,0.00002450154,0.0003596905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005251359,0.0002047194,0.05548715,0.000049646,0.00003628487,0.0001085292,0.0005245059,0.0003603337,0.9423047,0.00005102511,0.00003765056,0.0003102593],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986124,0.0001222482,0.0001264,0.00006909965,0.00008128969,0.0002159607,0.00001403687,0.000692817,0.00006573737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993185,0.00005442586,0.006589597,0.00001226341,0.00001695454,0.00001705884,0.00001713846,0.00005231644,0.00005525816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07641535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015916243","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.023","title":"The growth and influence of thermally grown oxide in a thermal barrier coating","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Chromia; Thermal barrier coating; Materials science; Oxide; Spinel; Temperature cycling; Composite material; Cracking; Coating; Thermal spraying; Classification of discontinuities; Nichrome; Layer (electronics); Metallurgy; Thermal; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002648862333388855,"gpt":0.1871574297101451,"spread":0.1845085673767562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002152407,0.0001682396,0.000206606,0.00009202895,0.0001201153,0.00003278769,0.0001821201,0.0002052834,0.000001236257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001071759,0.0001338929,0.00001735224,0.0003535952,0.0003129352,0.000105567,0.00006943457,0.0003547839,8.508312e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001454841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001488577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002836245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002589804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990681,0.00002528649,0.000321866,0.0001856332,0.0001027022,0.0002964239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995077,0.0001529653,0.00007392871,0.0001893147,0.00005262773,0.00002352489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002899672,0.000004831905,0.1688665,0.00002291639,0.000003242488,0.000004444157,0.0002387253,0.002207983,0.8268457,0.001611714,0.000006551974,0.0001845265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004625996,0.00006121559,0.1701521,0.0001206608,0.0000145209,0.00002323593,0.0005974013,0.0001454791,0.8269815,0.001062628,0.00008830092,0.0002903691],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998585,0.0006084458,0.00001446222,0.0001889797,0.00002273716,0.0001518643,0.000003500271,0.0002356871,0.0001893054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988861,0.00005169706,0.0009737494,0.0000135028,0.000007036987,0.00001610039,9.913839e-7,0.00002736247,0.00002344397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002062504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5459993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983253079","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.037","title":"Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni coatings produced by cold gas dynamic spraying","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Nanocrystalline material; Materials science; Nanoindentation; Gas dynamic cold spray; Grain size; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscope; Nickel; Transmission electron microscopy; Coating; Composite material; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00472467335925008,"gpt":0.1869049626057828,"spread":0.1821802892465328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002261008,0.0002829776,0.0004460314,0.0001295114,0.0001259908,0.00003644566,0.0001676643,0.0003483432,0.000004567115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001523864,0.0002688216,0.00002858145,0.0003641515,0.0002372553,0.00010001,0.0000852128,0.0003375148,0.000001724502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004198849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000179353,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001180941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007226226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986091,0.00002628191,0.0004434864,0.0003886192,0.0001639849,0.0003685709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994178,0.00006139672,0.0001217526,0.0002637472,0.00009245724,0.0000428052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006377512,0.00002982063,0.001930874,0.0001723408,0.00001048793,0.000003421644,0.00009710361,0.0001069339,0.9968123,0.0004218584,0.0001836584,0.0002248205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002273002,0.00007807103,0.00005298582,0.0002190019,0.00004300367,0.00001903231,0.0002545874,0.0002774308,0.9982094,0.00007986739,0.0002533994,0.0002859038],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967712,0.001409721,0.0001423275,0.0004989496,0.00006335077,0.0003250185,0.00001869464,0.0007523529,0.00001845253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966844,0.0001141698,0.002970566,0.000009619159,0.00001011598,0.00004568131,0.000004396883,0.00006595177,0.00009512123],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002828239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997548721","doi":"10.1007/s11666-007-9091-y","title":"Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Formation Mechanism of Cold-Sprayed Aluminum, Zinc and Tin Coatings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Coating; Particle (ecology); Substrate (aquarium); Scanning electron microscope; Tin; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Thermal spraying; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004645975251210605,"gpt":0.2183378298457193,"spread":0.2136918545945087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001285838,0.0001803384,0.0004028728,0.0003271794,0.00005087052,0.00001328325,0.000232415,0.0003796941,0.000009284705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001595784,0.0001170106,0.00009121393,0.0003419666,0.0001098115,0.0001067939,0.00002873438,0.0007373818,0.00000115124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004888652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001585867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001631043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005661011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988312,0.00005906812,0.0005905033,0.00008152395,0.0002381099,0.0001996223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989455,0.0002389509,0.0004251938,0.0001909591,0.0001570442,0.0000423696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001082821,0.00002268154,0.0005270502,0.00007952593,0.00003535526,0.00002414375,0.0001815399,0.0001603852,0.9958905,0.002583012,0.00005592039,0.0003315968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005872964,0.001378668,0.0009330779,0.0001845917,0.00006177413,0.0002082899,0.00009770554,0.0000301746,0.9962867,0.00004021971,0.00009962415,0.00009185968],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989102,0.0001113427,0.0001493941,0.0002939193,0.0001610146,0.0002353983,0.000004011099,0.00005941764,0.00007531053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991993,0.00002018161,0.0006792994,0.00001814003,0.00003877294,0.00000315326,7.526376e-7,0.00002727832,0.00001314416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002542792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4771554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093936338","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.01.057","title":"The influence of Al2O3 particle morphology on the coating formation and dry sliding wear behavior of cold sprayed Al–Al2O3 composites","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Morphology (biology); Coating; Composite material; Tribology; Particle (ecology); Deposition (geology); Gas dynamic cold spray; Raw material; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01198937910431059,"gpt":0.2300076271461444,"spread":0.2180182480418339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005064612,0.0001555414,0.0002355234,0.00005821673,0.0001835148,0.00002782809,0.0002039396,0.0001633166,9.939743e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001892669,0.0001111051,0.00002103823,0.0003239073,0.0003252722,0.0001197525,0.00009086348,0.0003144056,0.000002309678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002530037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001500602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003974333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003347328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989964,0.00005529517,0.0003827085,0.0001544613,0.0001585572,0.0002525981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990515,0.0003180696,0.0001779033,0.00027717,0.0001332389,0.00004210857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009043169,0.00001464134,0.03925268,0.00001732984,0.000007482536,0.000001966661,0.001291664,0.001212407,0.9538888,0.004098434,0.00006454361,0.0001409658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003308576,0.000229487,0.003842068,0.00008392876,0.00002908891,0.0000158876,0.002873329,0.0006138902,0.9914713,0.0001195229,0.0002594191,0.0001312272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983801,0.0002752998,0.00006524027,0.0007223155,0.00005179069,0.0003073147,0.000006872315,0.0001696484,0.00002139939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985326,0.00005750159,0.001298895,0.00003992073,0.000004628553,0.00003330014,0.000001648906,0.0000209076,0.00001060032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03758245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4530734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041375312","doi":"10.1007/s11666-013-0053-2","title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel 316L Coatings Produced by Cold Spray for Biomedical Applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Saudi Basic Industries Corporation; McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Gas dynamic cold spray; Coating; Indentation hardness; Propellant; Ductility (Earth science); Porosity; Metallurgy; Composite material; Thermal spraying; Creep","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005758959702957357,"gpt":0.2190467921608283,"spread":0.2132878324578709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002958499,0.0001892126,0.0004404876,0.000145784,0.0000615428,0.00001567345,0.0002750305,0.0002748329,0.000008665976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001171738,0.0001003021,0.00008381745,0.0001834902,0.000228702,0.00004742091,0.0000324487,0.000318132,7.768361e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007730875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002886534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005957911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001209055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999001,0.00005674828,0.0004549291,0.0001302631,0.0001609253,0.0001961746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991955,0.0001730852,0.0001880322,0.0002453895,0.0001469661,0.00005104901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000584109,0.00007264811,0.0001524958,0.0001109889,0.00007348414,7.813607e-7,0.0000893414,0.00004525305,0.99801,0.0003259505,0.0002600648,0.0008005751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007377188,0.002248192,0.0000380692,0.0001050987,0.0000803102,0.00002686833,0.00007896217,0.00003889374,0.9954547,0.00001661017,0.001087644,0.00008687979],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967142,0.0004360201,0.0001759352,0.001315207,0.00008535114,0.001199172,0.00002516671,0.00004678395,0.00000211938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99902,0.00001989143,0.000633615,0.00001288881,0.00004846367,0.0002193791,0.000001375083,0.00003072235,0.00001360812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002555253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016030993","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.10.137","title":"From APS to HVOF spraying of conventional and nanostructured titania feedstock powders: a study on the enhancement of the mechanical properties","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal spraying; Materials science; Coating; Indentation; Microstructure; Composite material; Raw material; Abrasion (mechanical); Indentation hardness; Metallurgy; Vickers hardness test","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01190210477201972,"gpt":0.2179530387517223,"spread":0.2060509339797026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001104967,0.0001296535,0.0001955936,0.00004501413,0.00008439938,0.00001207506,0.0001820394,0.000108955,0.000007799055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007568174,0.00007955006,0.0000232375,0.0002173692,0.0001165957,0.00002337502,0.00009901735,0.0002111231,0.000001247177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000270694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001780989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007832487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000644247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992791,0.0000227534,0.0002298277,0.0001727697,0.0001655879,0.0001299673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995983,0.00003336128,0.00006574402,0.0002354605,0.00005052462,0.00001665276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001098431,0.00003669889,0.001875872,0.00001304887,0.00002721737,5.719956e-7,0.002028111,0.0001475471,0.9945903,0.001193102,0.0000266555,0.0000498684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003950845,0.0003116057,0.002100907,0.0001610974,0.00002781503,0.000002304502,0.004086512,0.000005313595,0.9920503,0.0007340938,0.00003125049,0.00009372424],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981169,0.0000859489,0.00009380683,0.0009731747,0.000115134,0.0005281243,0.000008964924,0.00006848019,0.000009480831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990877,0.000003591379,0.0008172994,0.00003125204,0.000006802359,0.00002382516,6.498775e-7,0.00001476237,0.00001411291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00254003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3243957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017666822","doi":"10.1007/s11666-007-9146-0","title":"Mechanical and Thermal Transport Properties of Suspension Thermal-Sprayed Alumina-Zirconia Composite Coatings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Thermal spraying; Microstructure; Cubic zirconia; Composite material; Ceramic; Abrasion (mechanical); Composite number; Coating; Thermal barrier coating; Suspension (topology); Thermal diffusivity; Particle (ecology); Amorphous solid; Particle size; Nanocomposite; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009019153283086606,"gpt":0.2149796779269924,"spread":0.2059605246439058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008562303,0.0003049099,0.0006516657,0.0004249891,0.00008404404,0.0000165716,0.00043502,0.000507284,0.00003560912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005332783,0.0002387209,0.0001424204,0.0003227227,0.0002887789,0.0002069459,0.00006066003,0.0009656146,0.000003718416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007066631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003760066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001064712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000185581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980139,0.00004571172,0.0009802101,0.0001865332,0.0003345638,0.0004391391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989305,0.00006067109,0.0003790074,0.0002798769,0.0002333651,0.0001166332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001760719,0.00007658862,0.006685408,0.00005468916,0.00007593346,0.0001676305,0.000468679,0.0005977743,0.9901807,0.0002374015,0.00001134071,0.001267778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008564054,0.000409492,0.01381137,0.0002394188,0.0001101154,0.0004004507,0.0002325589,0.00006012987,0.9833822,0.00001467134,0.0002370904,0.0002461292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977564,0.00077283,0.0003500849,0.0002903354,0.0003474008,0.0001983482,0.000002777659,0.0001916876,0.00009011506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964717,0.00003734394,0.003263704,0.00002643728,0.0001065318,0.000002653797,9.701345e-7,0.00007031266,0.00002035119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007125961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9734756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060610258","doi":"10.1007/s11666-013-9945-4","title":"Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Ti-6Al-4V After Heat Treatment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Gas dynamic cold spray; Ultimate tensile strength; Indentation hardness; Coating; Composite material; Metallurgy; Brittleness; Tensile testing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003899951461027973,"gpt":0.1963105904505122,"spread":0.1924106389894842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006276822,0.0001704903,0.0003472112,0.0002237828,0.00002577697,0.00002428636,0.0001423049,0.0002832239,0.000103866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001633045,0.0001289506,0.00006838494,0.0001545647,0.0000729237,0.0001669042,0.00003312995,0.0002582664,0.000007406769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009111793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001619956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005822616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003521287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991518,0.00002305319,0.0004254866,0.00009877038,0.0001066033,0.0001943271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995313,0.0000178706,0.0001194794,0.0001613821,0.0001087357,0.00006122004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002338653,0.00002656428,0.003389148,0.0000114609,0.00005201015,0.00001937099,0.00008457994,0.00003116631,0.9953255,0.00006783474,0.00001216147,0.0009568022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005754148,0.0004287215,0.03428913,0.00004420171,0.00005120621,0.0002047108,0.00002223768,0.0000496888,0.9634522,0.00001924493,0.0007421892,0.0001210744],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987796,0.0001542026,0.000108999,0.000376273,0.0003202879,0.0001720801,0.000008629951,0.00007374273,0.000006170958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982222,0.00006129162,0.001541067,0.00001742726,0.00007465698,0.00001429089,0.000001988696,0.00002973608,0.0000373578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03187333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5258452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066037733","doi":"10.1007/s11666-012-9827-1","title":"Cold Spray Forming of Inconel 718","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Inconel; Gas dynamic cold spray; Spray forming; Metallurgy; Thermal spraying; Ductility (Earth science); Dimple; Ultimate tensile strength; Microstructure; Alloy; Annealing (glass); Solution precursor plasma spray; Composite material; Coating; Creep","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008018074889318803,"gpt":0.2264459291734544,"spread":0.2184278542841356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004104777,0.0001622155,0.0003810147,0.00045067,0.0000364849,0.000008770912,0.0003880768,0.0003536469,0.00005891756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001069681,0.0001384108,0.0001120329,0.0003540951,0.00009002414,0.0002850509,0.00005973466,0.0006843515,0.00001579653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001014074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002811635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002007689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002969266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987973,0.00002073515,0.0005609229,0.00006356413,0.0001949899,0.000362466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992293,0.00005059145,0.0002851734,0.0002317643,0.00011716,0.00008600533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009174018,0.00005134437,0.02191869,0.00002396296,0.00005477972,0.00001654258,0.0001985997,0.0004590551,0.9753259,0.0009752322,0.0002717145,0.0006950137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003963746,0.0001455962,0.003470802,0.00008685625,0.00005712549,0.0002294544,0.0001516164,0.000007237034,0.9854007,0.00002769095,0.009871927,0.0001546423],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970659,0.0009585335,0.0003793508,0.0001497108,0.0009157746,0.00007636257,0.000002764077,0.0001344872,0.0003171344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945855,0.00002242186,0.00505505,0.00001625417,0.0002364553,0.000003079345,2.768458e-7,0.00004229723,0.00003869984],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01844789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.564423,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560527256","doi":"10.1007/s11666-016-0489-2","title":"Cold Spraying of Armstrong Process Titanium Powder for Additive Manufacturing","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Titanium; Gas dynamic cold spray; Titanium powder; Metallurgy; Porosity; Microstructure; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Coating","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006897502477208324,"gpt":0.2348380321938056,"spread":0.2279405297165973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002025498,0.0001745575,0.0003585295,0.0003517555,0.00004114251,0.0000105242,0.0003627142,0.0002687126,0.00005713075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000114189,0.0001213031,0.0001186227,0.0001343411,0.00009140772,0.0002048934,0.00003060648,0.0003275836,0.000004778855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001102765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003751971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.660482e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002358862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989184,0.0000130577,0.0004796984,0.000115385,0.0001696908,0.0003038013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991621,0.000111951,0.0003032217,0.0001722719,0.0001979643,0.00005250085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003311371,0.00002536934,0.0009660539,0.00004300585,0.000084352,0.00001852632,0.00006594995,0.0004287186,0.9957819,0.0002883973,0.0001960084,0.002068593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006821007,0.000216497,0.0008122729,0.0002428922,0.00005050374,0.00006725195,0.000133257,0.000004151136,0.9952067,0.0001069537,0.002330246,0.0001471563],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946026,0.0001174781,0.004107716,0.000288764,0.0004584298,0.0001755735,0.00002631776,0.0001290146,0.00009409012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99655,0.00001454418,0.003148116,0.000008341461,0.000163369,0.00001534214,4.138219e-7,0.00005182555,0.000048004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002134237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4946596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074916841","doi":"10.1002/adem.200700022","title":"Ti and Ti‐6Al‐4V Coatings by Cold Spraying and Microstructure Modification by Heat Treatment","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Engineering Materials","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Gas dynamic cold spray; Metallurgy; Titanium alloy; Composite material; Coating; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004109396310042563,"gpt":0.2110515956589513,"spread":0.2069421993489088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001411344,0.0003517481,0.0003303425,0.00007520898,0.00008354156,0.0001209401,0.00007292208,0.0001685413,0.00001114605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002596312,0.0003585037,0.00001935314,0.0001069701,0.00002790507,0.0001997047,0.00002194035,0.0001022765,0.000003622905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001529908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005397337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002801362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002538796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988325,0.000009743815,0.0003453023,0.0003100555,0.0001091126,0.0003932392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995447,0.00006582996,0.00003598445,0.0002101705,0.000025114,0.0001181332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008032616,0.000007372711,0.00009873618,0.00009139495,0.00001364815,0.000003746391,0.0002646828,0.005806881,0.9931622,0.00004542863,0.0002301481,0.0002677894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005253366,0.00005139708,0.001002254,0.00006805255,0.00002515312,0.00001936165,0.00002371604,0.0001395348,0.9915106,0.000003109171,0.006278082,0.0003533919],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929719,0.001038986,0.004436852,0.00002288203,0.0004893792,0.0003378427,0.0001669665,0.0005248174,0.00001036248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922335,0.0002353264,0.007076182,0.00001780792,0.00007237662,0.00004488522,0.0001283846,0.0001026976,0.00008885252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006047934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016959677","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.06.002","title":"Novel opportunities for thermal spray by PS-PVD","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Thermal barrier coating; Physical vapor deposition; Thermal spraying; Coating; Substrate (aquarium); Deposition (geology); Ceramic; Solution precursor plasma spray; Raw material; Plasma; Particle (ecology); Gas dynamic cold spray; Thin film; Composite material; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01660066620008928,"gpt":0.2219899351489537,"spread":0.2053892689488644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001679722,0.0001899195,0.000223161,0.00007689428,0.0001119298,0.0000342644,0.0001702477,0.0002971716,0.00000975385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005597329,0.0001881481,0.00002962635,0.0001249971,0.0001309008,0.00007336755,0.00003476146,0.0002306735,0.000006164102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001688566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001105821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007618543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001557381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992011,0.000008011368,0.0001905962,0.0002070972,0.00007632784,0.000316871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999558,0.00008150273,0.00004361778,0.0002154682,0.00005268449,0.00004877344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002222861,0.00001152935,0.0006760033,0.0000319804,0.000008569502,6.356858e-7,0.0001114841,0.0001632842,0.9919042,0.002024245,0.00221815,0.002847694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006767362,0.0001931085,0.0000953972,0.00004742703,0.00003341023,0.00001791399,0.0007697611,0.0003802086,0.9137921,0.000189028,0.08334871,0.0004561796],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917496,0.0001671375,0.005529764,0.0008064085,0.000161559,0.0001812844,0.00003210788,0.001022771,0.0003493221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894723,0.00002247394,0.009704245,0.00007045248,0.00002985554,0.00004189729,0.00001807938,0.00005457607,0.0005860997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08113056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7672459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039803630","doi":"10.1361/105996306x108174","title":"Substrate Roughness and Thickness Effects on Cold Spray Nanocrystalline Al-Mg Coatings","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Nanocrystalline material; Coating; Scanning electron microscope; Surface roughness; Composite material; Microstructure; Grain size; Nanoindentation; Substrate (aquarium); Indentation hardness; Metallurgy; Surface finish; Particle size; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003860731565878234,"gpt":0.2062453201370603,"spread":0.2023845885711821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003741513,0.0003118915,0.0005009209,0.0004006459,0.0001009116,0.00006320839,0.0003576172,0.0004533298,0.00001379616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008011598,0.0002633938,0.00008789312,0.0004263749,0.0001284427,0.0001729883,0.00004605296,0.001067097,0.000009568738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009820221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002988346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007752793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002218144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984975,0.00005405665,0.0005720432,0.0001939038,0.0002820281,0.0004004632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990776,0.0001577396,0.000284966,0.0002560078,0.0001471261,0.00007660261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003224711,0.0000559424,0.004856216,0.00005782702,0.00003121602,0.0003376179,0.0000399376,0.003415361,0.989011,0.001288547,0.0005493929,0.0003247216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001113253,0.0004281419,0.006126665,0.0002736919,0.00006582338,0.0004245505,0.000033989,0.00003487471,0.9840481,0.0001333436,0.006999516,0.0003180754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965547,0.0006033179,0.0003868617,0.001157571,0.0006464063,0.0001780877,0.000004377356,0.0003150612,0.0001536511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99736,0.00003048694,0.002103894,0.00009502571,0.000239925,0.000009671259,0.000001628615,0.00007396575,0.00008542112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006450124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967718609","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.08.080","title":"Microstructures, properties and high-temperature carburization resistances of HVOF thermal sprayed NiAl intermetallic-based alloy coatings","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Intermetallic; Nial; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Coating; Thermal spraying; Alloy; Carburizing; Elastic modulus; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005522912396761849,"gpt":0.1891352452288088,"spread":0.183612332832047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001266926,0.0003251258,0.0004250428,0.0001730275,0.0001511011,0.00006568182,0.000204291,0.0004682806,0.000006252969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007110069,0.0002874224,0.00003713449,0.0003923491,0.0004561241,0.0001348327,0.00005809188,0.0004498148,9.009999e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004730524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000524488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001119003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002441979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998717,0.00002857762,0.0004002829,0.0003619011,0.0001738994,0.0003183019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993843,0.0000286711,0.000138785,0.0002631503,0.0001326521,0.00005243506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002946577,0.00001576906,0.00376394,0.0001628556,0.00001843232,0.000006850224,0.0007989578,0.004664864,0.9900166,0.0004039166,0.00001828691,0.0001000738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008730352,0.0001686559,0.001780098,0.0002545161,0.00004258456,0.00001373496,0.0004121219,0.00001956032,0.9958857,0.0001317631,0.0001088784,0.0003093016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974873,0.000998763,0.00004898712,0.0004151786,0.0001535539,0.0003143051,0.00003339954,0.0005375143,0.00001098992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947097,0.00006413056,0.005027817,0.00003800488,0.00002690192,0.00001826644,0.00002321592,0.00005888879,0.00003304588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005869162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999578,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000245310","doi":"10.1088/0965-0393/18/6/065011","title":"The effect of cold spray impact velocity on deposit hardness","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Nozzle; Metallurgy; Spray forming; Cold forming; Consolidation (business); Metal powder; Composite material; Spray nozzle; Deposition (geology); Aluminium; Copper; Metal; Alloy; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007374571672978053,"gpt":0.2388392440969164,"spread":0.2314646724239383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009068173,0.0001082223,0.0001343433,0.00009777325,0.0001248388,0.0001471941,0.00008209046,0.00005617341,0.000001019057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007289122,0.00007586755,0.00001056396,0.0001786718,0.00006163239,0.0001375412,0.00001458664,0.000118787,4.534717e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002413551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007491462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000217922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002058557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993661,0.00001082559,0.0001666248,0.0001235681,0.000159404,0.0001735008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996338,0.0001571656,0.00001905555,0.0001130977,0.00003033701,0.00004653601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003755617,6.644066e-7,0.0004903495,0.00001821616,7.160949e-7,2.303332e-7,0.00008634264,0.5351572,0.4641815,0.00003100824,2.064448e-7,0.00002982651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008531997,0.00002461612,0.002907989,0.00003192474,0.00000242818,6.195064e-7,0.000001533949,0.596283,0.400595,0.000001981708,0.000007767288,0.00005780611],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995383,0.00002080677,0.003928432,0.000002954643,0.0004992362,0.0001063163,0.000002533355,0.00005203743,0.000004710627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996039,0.000009784107,0.0003340255,8.086301e-7,0.00003020653,0.000007198978,5.922587e-7,0.00001143016,0.000002027705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06358647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3093789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010692388","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.10.022","title":"Thermal contact resistance between plasma-sprayed particles and flat surfaces","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Pyrometer; Composite material; Thermal contact conductance; Cubic zirconia; Inconel 625; Thermal conduction; Contact resistance; Plasma; Thermal resistance; Thermocouple; Inconel; Thermal; Temperature measurement; Ceramic; Corrosion; Thermodynamics; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008426791566136228,"gpt":0.2209838293994301,"spread":0.2125570378332939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001210238,0.0001021416,0.000153959,0.00006464565,0.00003132138,0.00008244742,0.00009206283,0.00005479923,0.00001551812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004916922,0.00008488201,0.000039898,0.00002901525,0.0000314819,0.0001969347,0.000003928237,0.0001598914,9.387572e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002591073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001092276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001193323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005353782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993044,0.00002007541,0.0002744351,0.000069558,0.0002209443,0.0001105815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997279,0.00008608375,0.00001213922,0.00003584991,0.00008382669,0.00005419817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006926611,0.00000987002,0.07105745,0.0000142244,0.0000968766,0.00006433558,0.0002778585,0.002079384,0.925525,0.0003596663,0.0002054279,0.0002407042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002626005,0.0001137707,0.4474913,0.0002544987,0.0001213361,0.00005890784,0.00007215288,0.0005460188,0.5408596,0.0002978394,0.007226583,0.0003319813],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974856,0.000629074,0.0009337414,0.0004423664,0.0002892393,0.00003793305,0.00002089784,0.00002500608,0.0001361202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991612,0.0001021434,0.0004397237,0.00001042214,0.0002196018,9.832839e-7,0.000003216348,0.00001473443,0.00004797782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3846653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3461388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039191158","doi":"10.1007/s11666-008-9217-x","title":"Toward Highly Sintering-Resistant Nanostructured ZrO2-7wt.%Y2O3 Coatings for TBC Applications by Employing Differential Sintering","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Sintering; Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Microstructure; Coating; Composite material; Porosity; Metallurgy; Thermal barrier coating; Cubic zirconia; Ceramic","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01203775302504058,"gpt":0.2277581156041056,"spread":0.215720362579065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001194881,0.0003462525,0.000562901,0.0004092017,0.0002199751,0.0000552171,0.0007023458,0.0004095288,0.00003791806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009199973,0.0003155272,0.000230056,0.0003079625,0.0001668278,0.0001664756,0.0001026406,0.0007309179,0.000005505058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002113463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003910218,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005157882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005251296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981626,0.00002321653,0.0008350836,0.0002418239,0.000246617,0.0004906208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989346,0.00006475639,0.0003644987,0.000319551,0.0002023416,0.0001142674],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006213359,0.00004197515,0.0004793367,0.0000546284,0.00008212742,0.00003629585,0.0002524147,0.0003170506,0.9967517,0.0001669522,0.0008919758,0.0008634354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00111123,0.0003995823,0.0007059893,0.000153121,0.0001000422,0.000635871,0.0001247884,0.0001009999,0.9761198,0.0001024606,0.02000853,0.0004376002],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.956466,0.0003766556,0.04103096,0.0003724861,0.0008862729,0.0003416642,0.0000417218,0.0004553931,0.00002882988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888449,0.00003423054,0.0105771,0.00002492629,0.0002635657,0.00006663486,0.000008205806,0.0001101737,0.00007029661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03237886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094952321","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2020.10.057","title":"Site-specific study of jetting, bonding, and local deformation during high-velocity metallic microparticle impact","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Army Research Office; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Drop (telecommunication); Gas dynamic cold spray; Particle (ecology); Penetration (warfare); Particle velocity; Critical ionization velocity; Composite material; Substrate (aquarium); Adhesion; Particle size; Mechanics; Nanotechnology; Mechanical engineering; Chemical engineering; Coating; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01343034351587861,"gpt":0.2268881817534821,"spread":0.2134578382376035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001171385,0.0001977041,0.0002820699,0.00005343226,0.00007531133,0.0001240976,0.0001171236,0.00007152657,0.0001453581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001607003,0.0001826087,0.00003411641,0.0001676209,0.00003164462,0.0002306076,0.00007535963,0.0001118208,0.00002565374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007155364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007131934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001141911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001684548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989907,0.00005092949,0.0003684428,0.0001924386,0.0001580489,0.0002394424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995807,0.000008206666,0.00007706728,0.0001858826,0.00003165177,0.0001164725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000320759,0.00004029568,0.006055997,0.00008726166,0.00002799286,0.00000736923,0.004310644,0.0001634392,0.9889027,0.00001939596,0.0003374704,0.00001537179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008984155,0.0001658581,0.1283641,0.00002116211,0.00004517605,0.000006699892,0.000371271,0.000256714,0.8693941,0.000002758278,0.0002499269,0.0002237885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989935,0.00002103927,0.00003219851,0.00003458731,0.0003914618,0.0002561331,0.00002734381,0.0002388322,0.000004913045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995787,0.000004227581,0.0002392157,0.000005976227,0.00008770381,0.00001124382,0.00001901391,0.00004163491,0.00001227526],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1223081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7446567,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939058478","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2018.11.032","title":"High temperature friction and wear behavior of cold-sprayed Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V-TiC composite coatings","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wear","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Materials science; Tribometer; Abrasive; Composite number; Metallurgy; Composite material; Titanium alloy; Coating; Galling; Alloy; Tribology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003661731547870813,"gpt":0.1910686019336362,"spread":0.1874068703857654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001353495,0.0002497571,0.0003572599,0.0001215326,0.00008269782,0.00007937512,0.0001034395,0.000252084,0.00005469588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001425899,0.0002501477,0.00004125275,0.0002189725,0.00006142435,0.000167958,0.00005167491,0.0003848494,0.0000414321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004607644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001454178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005961299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001006345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988883,0.00003934988,0.0002979024,0.0002927213,0.0002287846,0.0002529586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941,0.00006299393,0.00006731619,0.0002848736,0.00006201162,0.0001127551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008867397,0.00002795651,0.02322877,0.0001130452,0.00001465338,0.000006660483,0.0006455224,0.0001731966,0.9752311,0.0002079906,0.000316912,0.00002534072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001228354,0.0002431034,0.1068513,0.0002372871,0.0001579621,0.00004347784,0.0002007966,0.0002398106,0.8886043,0.00000545086,0.001697294,0.0004908274],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985356,0.0001834465,0.000007868038,0.00003972131,0.000466398,0.0004387885,0.00003957729,0.0002427388,0.00004581871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977019,0.0000540558,0.001517905,0.00002797585,0.00007082667,0.00002427942,0.00002568949,0.00006818173,0.0005091436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08662672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1047119034","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2015.07.031","title":"Oxidation behavior of GTD111 Ni-based superalloy at 900 °C in air","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Corrosion Science","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Superalloy; Oxide; Materials science; Spall; Internal oxidation; Metallurgy; Corrosion; Cracking; Penetration (warfare); Alloy; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02842393630882351,"gpt":0.270749353088592,"spread":0.2423254167797685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005529227,0.0001183403,0.0001435732,0.0002291815,0.0001044998,0.00003435095,0.0003521529,0.0000624308,0.00001783072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001190121,0.0001130844,0.00002451539,0.001026994,0.000193663,0.0003098242,0.00006815197,0.0001226746,0.00004699664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003153343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001409236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003984995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009405945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986827,0.00002151571,0.0002590799,0.0002446019,0.0005429804,0.0002491182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999294,0.00002640276,0.00003551482,0.0003331176,0.0001642157,0.00014669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003787199,0.00002696467,0.07983441,0.000005680073,4.677439e-8,0.000003917251,0.0003053399,0.01168449,0.9078501,0.00000730937,0.0001944421,0.00008347202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003273427,0.00004771066,0.1313732,0.00004864479,0.000004369711,0.000003005865,0.00004889257,0.003218295,0.8646404,0.000001635306,0.0001448462,0.0001416376],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982786,0.00001934526,0.0005085779,0.0000218569,0.0007460769,0.0001763807,0.00000382316,0.0001269624,0.0001183899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986095,0.000001600006,0.001193483,0.00002097075,0.00001348122,0.00002806605,0.000007819066,0.00001545782,0.0001096385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05153881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.461145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790564906","doi":"10.1007/s11666-018-0702-6","title":"Cold Spray Aluminum–Alumina Cermet Coatings: Effect of Alumina Content","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Deposition (geology); Aluminium; Ceramic; Coating; Metallurgy; Cermet; Substrate (aquarium); Raw material; Particle size; Gas dynamic cold spray; Particle (ecology); Aluminum oxide; Composite material; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009539456077185222,"gpt":0.2342854994630341,"spread":0.2247460433858488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000944555,0.0003768168,0.0009112903,0.0006552046,0.0000875699,0.00002748642,0.0008002092,0.0005452923,0.0001275751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004900391,0.0003067224,0.0002486989,0.0006345604,0.0005652634,0.0001904313,0.0001138919,0.0009557538,0.00004455278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001679924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005087014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009093017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001395708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977272,0.0001181962,0.001003742,0.000214417,0.0004197445,0.0005167605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981259,0.000199012,0.0006231847,0.0004962169,0.0004278969,0.0001277734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008625189,0.00005742794,0.01379842,0.00007059524,0.0001233816,0.0001033474,0.0001957017,0.0001015575,0.9829808,0.0002043377,0.001272189,0.001005919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001252127,0.002916953,0.002178821,0.0002678528,0.0001821242,0.000331787,0.0001327607,0.0000215139,0.9867432,0.000009393085,0.005689183,0.0002743032],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968709,0.0004300936,0.0001931142,0.000229203,0.001365851,0.000287511,0.00001017555,0.0002448593,0.0003683453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971336,0.00002119574,0.002184114,0.00002824202,0.0003942371,0.00001345227,0.000001167867,0.0000872803,0.0001366767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01161959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008621116","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.639","title":"Cold Spray Characteristics of Commercially Pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Indentation hardness; Porosity; Gas dynamic cold spray; Nozzle; Composite material; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; High-speed steel; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02224907851214478,"gpt":0.3241228940269002,"spread":0.3018738155147555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007813792,0.0001753953,0.00035728,0.0001539302,0.0001122849,0.0001092674,0.000274406,0.0002060805,0.0002497294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003126693,0.0001722315,0.00002107907,0.0002140729,0.0001922024,0.0001583847,0.0001306165,0.0005423575,0.00004923797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002994361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004362513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001312122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000429301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984794,0.00009236122,0.0003638716,0.0002282805,0.0003813784,0.0004546535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989335,0.0001825143,0.00004729006,0.0004417117,0.0002599538,0.0001350413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002689167,0.00002462327,0.0004433467,0.0001788959,0.000008159594,0.00001424225,0.0001757773,0.000009040024,0.9971633,0.001128414,0.0003144534,0.0005128738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002987118,0.00007029535,0.01071122,0.00006753395,0.000006564172,0.000005941247,0.00002128481,0.000003283548,0.980032,0.00005220521,0.008561715,0.0001692847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980146,0.00003391765,0.00002139926,0.00007627003,0.0009766296,0.0003744944,0.0001755564,0.0001280625,0.0001990145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972489,0.0001112903,0.002017326,0.000009378857,0.0002059644,0.00005932303,0.00003813081,0.00007132833,0.000238343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01713133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7023398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977158298","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.005","title":"Thermal stability and oxidation behavior of nanostructured NiCoCrAlY coatings","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Thermal spraying; Coating; Oxide; Non-blocking I/O; Metallurgy; Layer (electronics); Thermal stability; Raw material; Grain size; Grinding; Chemical engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01252062784586771,"gpt":0.2110865723363311,"spread":0.1985659444904634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001525824,0.0002024338,0.0002834206,0.0001016926,0.00007911237,0.00001354499,0.0001421285,0.0003297763,0.00004934446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005522861,0.0001980342,0.00002559978,0.0002694321,0.0002990169,0.0001226775,0.00006705818,0.0002921754,0.000001728358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001959933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001356884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007364598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004287927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990367,0.00002245312,0.0003249339,0.0002649185,0.000105919,0.0002450349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994568,0.00002853601,0.0001034022,0.0002731115,0.00009019243,0.00004801145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005332871,0.00001664872,0.1208929,0.00003895891,0.000005250856,0.000002075365,0.00152073,0.000004658769,0.8762847,0.0002952307,0.00001108788,0.0009223778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002594423,0.0001122407,0.03960178,0.00002617423,0.00004218769,0.00001119948,0.0005809444,0.00001394056,0.9589784,0.0001519244,0.00002832378,0.0001935067],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987164,0.0001961886,0.0000635188,0.00003212958,0.0001116595,0.000263176,0.00001202095,0.0004905739,0.000114353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936616,0.00002498034,0.006225597,0.000006996004,0.000006226947,0.00002021717,0.000006403877,0.0000327383,0.00001524719],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0826936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80756,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008217207","doi":"10.1007/s11666-020-01000-1","title":"Physically Based Finite Element Modeling Method to Predict Metallic Bonding in Cold Spray","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Finite element method; Process (computing); Metallurgy; Deformation (meteorology); Aluminium; Particle (ecology); Deposition (geology); Metallic bonding; Substrate (aquarium); Coating; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Metal; Structural engineering; Computer science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01692345251919078,"gpt":0.2609165952368405,"spread":0.2439931427176497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005514562,0.000246177,0.0005402773,0.000555069,0.00003816429,0.00003478265,0.0005518546,0.0002403335,0.00003963452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002722401,0.0002264669,0.0001431828,0.0009333899,0.00002028823,0.000142353,0.00008188972,0.001057957,0.00001594296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001694894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005255534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002229343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004392528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982786,0.00007589055,0.0007269023,0.0002050092,0.0003141601,0.0003993968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992524,0.0001217485,0.0001520795,0.0002080173,0.00009989577,0.0001658541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002125251,0.00002754221,0.0004401559,0.00001522119,0.00003451037,0.00007022388,0.0001000798,0.4048649,0.5935301,0.0005816063,0.00004445481,0.0002699698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001149969,0.0006213603,0.0000776135,0.0001937155,0.0001087529,0.00001476671,0.0001069051,0.1293954,0.8602953,0.00006840983,0.007598091,0.0003697015],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8616673,0.0001116214,0.1337746,0.00375647,0.0001789929,0.0002166404,0.000005655011,0.0002467178,0.00004195749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9038451,0.000003204818,0.09562831,0.0002856256,0.0001543392,0.00001617836,8.194606e-7,0.00005838853,0.000008083502],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2754694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.923505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225280947","doi":"10.1007/s11666-022-01366-4","title":"Cold Spray: Over 30 Years of Development Toward a Hot Future","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Irish Research eLibrary","keywords":"Thermal spraying; Gas dynamic cold spray; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Spray forming; Raw material; Consolidation (business); Process development; Process (computing); Forensic engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering physics; Engineering; Metallurgy; Manufacturing engineering; Computer science; Business; Coating","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006946559943591174,"gpt":0.2151425482416236,"spread":0.2081959882980324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000300239,0.0001503307,0.0003484261,0.0004487394,0.00005844902,0.00001044597,0.0005251108,0.0001977381,0.0004873712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002679855,0.0001507811,0.00009862013,0.0004556487,0.00005038961,0.00006696533,0.0001514851,0.001013121,0.00000845086],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002328491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001127381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001486687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002153389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987414,0.00003330258,0.0005082889,0.0001066125,0.0003590997,0.0002513025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993978,0.00002300179,0.0002467275,0.000209132,0.00007031205,0.00005299353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002767623,0.00007241448,0.003011827,0.00002173339,0.0001115643,0.0002307002,0.0006690165,0.003691934,0.9878314,0.000357711,0.001804785,0.002169236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001050005,0.0004348736,0.02111975,0.00005493478,0.0000641585,0.0003589218,0.0006865587,0.00001055192,0.6448114,0.00002250519,0.3310411,0.0003452732],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976057,0.0007554489,0.00006038694,0.0002509586,0.001053401,0.00009511018,0.000007095452,0.0001245964,0.0000473412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955976,0.00002050926,0.00409965,0.00003705248,0.0001488257,0.00001140536,8.992617e-7,0.0000437215,0.00004033623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.34302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6148673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015358617","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.06.001","title":"Cold gas dynamic spraying of a high temperature Al alloy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Adiabatic shear band; Gas dynamic cold spray; Alloy; Coating; Metallurgy; Grain boundary; Particle (ecology); Softening; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Deformation (meteorology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00323626541594569,"gpt":0.2090695346094593,"spread":0.2058332691935137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001270818,0.000245711,0.0003514174,0.0001706616,0.00009068509,0.00002613174,0.0002158617,0.0004245013,0.00002047621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003858239,0.0002514406,0.00003945937,0.000481954,0.0001495362,0.0001104078,0.00006235697,0.0005696934,0.00001370861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005718848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002039156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002481857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001246483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988783,0.00001442548,0.0003202094,0.0002851398,0.0001447742,0.0003571342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994425,0.00004379159,0.00007314525,0.0003134149,0.00007418007,0.00005301817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000322308,0.00001815458,0.002217172,0.00003451767,0.00001563936,0.000007097391,0.0002206192,0.00269815,0.9926217,0.0009961413,0.0006260494,0.0005415235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005571586,0.0001159823,0.0005534875,0.0001288335,0.0000357389,0.00004729944,0.0003434881,0.0003154568,0.9918662,0.00009659103,0.005541893,0.0003978831],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966221,0.0005747024,0.00002825916,0.001467898,0.000133839,0.0001857161,0.00001550765,0.0009225796,0.00004939752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897176,0.0001413269,0.009819402,0.00007527113,0.00001767413,0.00001423293,0.000007979199,0.00005645595,0.0001500329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009791143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093271050","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.141","title":"Modification of oxide layer in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal barrier coating; Materials science; Non-blocking I/O; Ceramic; Layer (electronics); Oxide; Composite material; Thermal spraying; Durability; Plasma; Atmospheric-pressure plasma; Thermal; Metallurgy; Coating; Catalysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01005156598622573,"gpt":0.2328756103722941,"spread":0.2228240443860684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002033149,0.0001937726,0.0002796125,0.0002085139,0.00004972919,0.00001523314,0.0001933594,0.0003551841,0.00002040384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007881072,0.0002016715,0.00002819766,0.0004494232,0.0001290871,0.0001310597,0.00004185434,0.0004105482,0.00001437741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005112216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001847223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004609896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001186177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989116,0.00002038409,0.000396082,0.0002453581,0.0001264951,0.0003001278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994641,0.00006215431,0.00008993617,0.0002827999,0.00006040472,0.00004060389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005534765,0.00001924351,0.02304701,0.00002295642,0.00000479087,0.000001927295,0.0008018805,0.01127471,0.9630681,0.0005084216,0.00006789431,0.001177549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004838083,0.000041045,0.004539049,0.0000590709,0.0000122329,0.000007939294,0.0004089724,0.001458244,0.9918745,0.00005485399,0.0008272636,0.0002329969],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983974,0.0001717608,0.0001439306,0.0003275061,0.00004745531,0.0001864408,0.000007828339,0.0004823837,0.0002352548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923173,0.00003285133,0.007447445,0.00002030441,0.00001355312,0.00002342296,0.000005744703,0.0000407388,0.00009861933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02880645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8223926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046570544","doi":"10.1007/s11666-007-9099-3","title":"Mechanical Characteristics of Al-Co-Ce Coatings Produced by the Cold Spray Process","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Bond strength; Microstructure; Coating; Composite material; Delamination (geology); Metallurgy; Raw material; Thermal spraying; Deposition (geology); Substrate (aquarium); Residual stress; Adhesion; Alloy; Aluminium; Layer (electronics); Adhesive","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006575509473787522,"gpt":0.2530309052343817,"spread":0.2464553957605942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001128025,0.0002300388,0.0004749082,0.0002402868,0.00007604451,0.00002279331,0.0007470943,0.0003748265,0.00003410833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004107811,0.0001641971,0.0001032514,0.0004916678,0.0001593537,0.000115831,0.0000460468,0.001212173,0.00000697836],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008736423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005309897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001405649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001969905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998134,0.00003343337,0.0009009047,0.0001546091,0.0003832878,0.0003937893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998568,0.0001198939,0.0005762313,0.0003465432,0.0003121794,0.00007714868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003910392,0.00008166878,0.00219697,0.00003392965,0.00004618176,0.0000400249,0.0001583703,0.00004447026,0.9956008,0.0003245228,0.0008637282,0.0005702531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003639675,0.0002599619,0.0006953267,0.0000838974,0.00005575013,0.0002201766,0.0001292348,0.000008888902,0.9931265,0.00002227955,0.004866004,0.0001679984],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970942,0.000166415,0.0008404083,0.0009786409,0.0004709123,0.0002109872,0.00001144368,0.0001642016,0.00006281044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987518,0.00001658867,0.000900513,0.00008911773,0.0001454983,0.000005800551,0.000001324324,0.00005869261,0.00003062536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004002276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6695763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975039408","doi":"10.1007/s11666-011-9729-7","title":"Corrosion Protection of Light Alloys Using Low Pressure Cold Spray","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Corrosion; Metallurgy; Coating; Aluminium; Gas dynamic cold spray; Cladding (metalworking); Dielectric spectroscopy; Polarization (electrochemistry); Salt spray test; Thermal spraying; Electrochemistry; Composite material; Electrode","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01060094348422038,"gpt":0.2264794154338124,"spread":0.2158784719495921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003547908,0.000178122,0.0003532365,0.0004037336,0.00005465562,0.00001319188,0.0002882565,0.000479207,0.00004674553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001149213,0.0001507941,0.0001041663,0.0003796205,0.00005861987,0.0002965509,0.00005018549,0.0007717172,0.000006386942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008906946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003075048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002822058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001410249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988165,0.00004347808,0.0005054925,0.0000853433,0.0002351925,0.0003140018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991354,0.00001717445,0.0003598075,0.000232456,0.0001626594,0.00009254509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000227281,0.0000812791,0.005857802,0.00005860084,0.00003690255,0.000009019068,0.0001232867,0.005617083,0.9877486,0.0001311547,0.0001448382,0.0001686657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003215099,0.0001519683,0.0007435682,0.0001931377,0.0001036101,0.0002134942,0.00004452475,0.0000939809,0.9901198,0.000005470781,0.007863475,0.0001454861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954817,0.0009349624,0.001749275,0.000168441,0.001253569,0.0002024085,0.000002719643,0.0001522212,0.00005472981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996505,0.00001377069,0.003118383,0.00000803506,0.0002649621,0.000004854724,2.494274e-7,0.00004819749,0.00003656824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007718637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6149204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014623899","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2004.12.039","title":"Enhanced ductility in thermally sprayed titania coating synthesized using a nanostructured feedstock","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Coating; Thermal spraying; Ductility (Earth science); Composite material; Toughness; Porosity; Abrasive; Abrasion (mechanical); Scanning electron microscope; Metallurgy; Creep","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008285921412070713,"gpt":0.2163213657568907,"spread":0.20803544434482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006861911,0.0002281289,0.0002796676,0.0002101498,0.0001108106,0.000215078,0.0002238388,0.00009228641,0.00003942744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002384858,0.0002229146,0.00001729451,0.0005045483,0.00008978859,0.0004201139,0.00005564259,0.0001326715,0.00000639043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002236562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005556074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004840523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001573194,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985998,0.00001817933,0.0003280807,0.0003056072,0.0002721387,0.0004762271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995544,0.00003107607,0.00003455643,0.0002267735,0.00005613051,0.00009707439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005077676,0.000004999529,0.00003477924,0.00004050542,0.000002375797,0.000002872132,0.0007537853,0.03181084,0.9671523,0.0000228803,0.000002324293,0.0001672438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002138302,0.00001064984,0.007012755,0.0001089353,0.000007184185,0.0000185236,0.00003660007,0.01350623,0.9787658,0.000001991147,0.00005779228,0.0002597141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982614,0.00004559449,0.0004816786,0.00001908331,0.0006480473,0.0001925891,0.000007161158,0.0003091046,0.00003533793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904922,0.000005428433,0.00931346,0.000009760057,0.0001165818,0.00001757496,0.000001124271,0.00003598821,0.00000792741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01830461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9090194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039927208","doi":"10.1007/s11666-008-9251-8","title":"TGO Growth and Crack Propagation in a Thermal Barrier Coating","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal barrier coating; Materials science; Durability; Thermal spraying; Composite material; Oxide; Coating; Ceramic; Oxidizing agent; Layer (electronics); Temperature cycling; Spinel; Metallurgy; Forensic engineering; Thermal","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007596663588827691,"gpt":0.2105884314086418,"spread":0.2029917678198141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002118522,0.0001506374,0.000268478,0.0004310244,0.00006576374,0.00001495769,0.0002024677,0.000266069,0.00001933571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001763475,0.0001282506,0.00004325204,0.0003415852,0.0001154097,0.0002175766,0.00003860218,0.0007543552,0.000003777048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006150832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003448662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003878964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000657385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990263,0.00003632099,0.0004368798,0.0001033777,0.0001589058,0.0002382102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995642,0.00004007612,0.0001494658,0.0001250016,0.00006852736,0.00005271629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001257868,0.00001994883,0.07620304,0.00001503207,0.00001385866,0.0002009078,0.0004438784,0.001028738,0.9214537,0.00008457149,0.00003163275,0.0004920944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001100087,0.0002700569,0.07072115,0.0001430938,0.00002649627,0.001405411,0.0001879386,0.0002613797,0.9252643,0.00007417906,0.0002560856,0.0002898143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987006,0.0003604078,0.000131515,0.0002482615,0.0001906587,0.0001019022,0.000001130051,0.0001229066,0.0001426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975204,0.00004441217,0.002262503,0.0000210768,0.00009892165,0.000005479583,3.975196e-7,0.00003400967,0.00001276366],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005481889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5229909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}