{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":417,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":417,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"c96e0b4973fb","filters":{"topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies"}},"results":[{"id":"W4244353911","doi":"10.1023/a:1013939327465","title":"Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":258,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Israel Cancer Research Fund","keywords":"Asteroid; Physics; Geodesy; Planet; Ephemeris; Astronomy; Geology; Geometry; Mathematics; Satellite","authors":[{"name":"P. K. Seidelmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"V Abalakin","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Bursa","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. E. Davies","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. de Bergh","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. H. Lieske","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Oberst","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. L. Simon","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. M. Standish","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip J. Stooke","is_ca":true},{"name":"P. C. Thomas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007051453389798113,"gpt":0.1834263069398846,"spread":0.1763748535500865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009921808,0.0001674208,0.0002449288,0.00002960305,0.0002298515,0.00001577948,0.0001070501,0.00005220193,0.00003288642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007124362,0.0001043512,0.00008094372,0.0001295023,0.0001736042,0.00003133898,0.000131666,0.000219476,4.619897e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000158702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001472902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004641309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006380213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990166,0.00004843227,0.0003490153,0.0002467236,0.0001475134,0.0001917222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994348,0.0001023384,0.0002160271,0.0001486252,0.00003036135,0.00006784268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005983207,0.0004136311,0.7397148,0.00005051563,0.000406781,0.000002864517,0.0006007696,0.000351741,0.000417374,0.1087178,0.000088186,0.1491757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01341556,0.003117436,0.6651204,0.002766448,0.002105921,0.0001142429,0.003902927,0.1406364,0.00327783,0.07610739,0.08589536,0.003540095],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896636,0.0007012647,0.008114257,0.0002147289,0.0002459968,0.0003584997,0.00004782433,0.0000076858,0.0006461482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988478,0.00001600636,0.0009356918,0.000008895932,0.00005973629,0.00001519961,0.00001087309,0.000008501109,0.00009728147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1456356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4255319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206130813","doi":"","title":"","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Astrology; Christianity; Philosophy; Early Christianity; Ancient history; History; Classics; Religious studies","authors":[{"name":"Timothy Hegedus","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05361771528111475,"gpt":0.3605498200984444,"spread":0.3069321048173297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007966305,0.001190561,0.002380989,0.0006120371,0.002200523,0.001659913,0.008260592,0.0001487423,0.07170628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003687072,0.001238894,0.0008271912,0.0004035035,0.0006376684,0.004252668,0.009356141,0.001771769,0.0003546404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001181928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002617574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002485186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008167237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940454,0.0003753661,0.002043341,0.001621039,0.00112233,0.000792519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941118,0.0008634141,0.002878385,0.001343336,0.0004806256,0.0003224069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005434447,0.001103088,0.02669915,0.0002691048,0.005936034,0.00002146242,0.001112583,0.0006216059,0.00004299142,0.5230672,0.04344985,0.3971334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001415905,0.0001198879,0.002566125,0.0002117016,0.000466274,7.972141e-7,0.0001802401,0.00001193737,0.000106232,0.02215162,0.9714921,0.001277152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008355565,0.0002935964,0.0006779736,0.0001689514,0.002233712,0.002510425,0.00005995429,0.00009638778,0.9931235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02432949,0.00005297859,0.0002734374,0.0001106219,0.0007918001,0.001386981,0.00401572,0.0002050889,0.9688339],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9280423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033054363","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v3i0.25772","title":"Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arabic; The arts; Classics; Order (exchange); History; Medieval Latin; History of astronomy; Ancient history; Art; Astronomy; Philosophy; Physics; Visual arts","authors":[{"name":"Stephen C. McCluskey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daryn Lehoux","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04286776638842228,"gpt":0.2835793472492352,"spread":0.240711580860813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006280197,0.00009600067,0.0001946899,0.00008206702,0.000171223,0.00000996043,0.0001755813,0.00001164112,0.000002209007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005953171,0.00005944712,0.00001417448,0.0001940306,0.003901617,0.000165817,0.0001191063,0.0001173912,0.000002150968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009339073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006161921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002458192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001317327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992626,0.00004183129,0.0001893276,0.000172317,0.0001749625,0.0001589303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996423,0.0000810177,0.00008243549,0.0000826683,0.00007126883,0.00004036284],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004069846,0.0001439742,0.3876111,0.00004147903,0.00005567847,0.000003580334,0.5728729,0.001038512,0.00004988653,0.01814323,0.009902928,0.01009595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00343477,0.001035925,0.4235195,0.0004531149,0.0001340823,0.00001116234,0.2972461,0.002892955,0.00006072838,0.01162905,0.2585711,0.001011514],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.97466,0.01464606,0.00006519447,0.0003137188,0.0003313298,0.00008672127,0.00000171424,0.000004623379,0.009890615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984808,0.00006052209,0.0006548287,0.0000153373,0.00003037394,0.000009938552,2.481299e-7,0.000002244738,0.0007456891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2756268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003728207","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtt008","title":"Cosmology and the Expansion of the Iranian Empire, 502-628 CE","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Past & Present","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Empire; Cosmology; History; Classics; Ancient history; Astronomy; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Rita Payne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006676836802486635,"gpt":0.2047811097385106,"spread":0.198104272936024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006412783,0.00008430837,0.0001509611,0.00001010117,0.0002008742,0.00000972383,0.0001366093,0.00002446232,0.0001531833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002693288,0.00003843727,0.0000773687,0.00005964223,0.0002907037,0.00003137592,0.0001587696,0.0001417445,0.00003243085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007153825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001163327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006268611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001495669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994118,0.00009707427,0.0001493757,0.0001146761,0.00008338977,0.0001437451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999568,0.0001046431,0.00007199344,0.0001876634,0.00003530825,0.00003240194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002058452,0.0006417239,0.5839811,0.00006674059,0.001228807,0.000001331384,0.02080231,0.000703813,0.001166333,0.06238416,0.1492104,0.1796075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006130981,0.0002018611,0.3613203,0.0001213296,0.0003292453,0.000004315927,0.006553513,0.001652708,0.003560263,0.0457121,0.5738145,0.0005988822],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9402959,0.001191893,0.001777889,0.01336087,0.0005339569,0.0008440107,0.00001023284,0.00001673778,0.04196846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979451,0.000006054198,0.00005492106,0.00003837216,0.0002139826,0.00005264717,0.000001098691,0.000004727945,0.001683098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4246041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.167725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1619765453","doi":"10.1177/007327530704500103","title":"Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"American University of Beirut","keywords":"Copernicus; Islam; Copernican principle; Speculation; Epistemology; Cosmology; Connection (principal bundle); Philosophy; Anthropic principle; History; Classics; Physics; Astronomy; Mathematics; Theology","authors":[{"name":"F. Jamil Ragep","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008371320550466124,"gpt":0.2133981689540543,"spread":0.2050268484035882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005290447,0.000119987,0.0002158581,0.0001518937,0.0002370365,0.000004941918,0.0002464457,0.0000365958,0.0001259402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001720965,0.000104611,0.00005608117,0.0002028324,0.00155888,0.0002703454,0.00008889649,0.0001753291,0.00001549189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001680186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002196178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003513021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004243032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987978,0.00001266594,0.0002754154,0.0003181492,0.0002841546,0.0003117892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994381,0.00005639205,0.0001392874,0.0001769706,0.00008286285,0.0001064036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002859302,0.001822412,0.06587078,0.0001789714,0.0002328802,0.00002969115,0.04229268,0.0001136623,0.1258126,0.2558604,0.2633504,0.2441497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005993402,0.0001936974,0.007385266,0.00005440097,0.00004876183,0.000002688699,0.0006271523,0.0001492288,0.001826641,0.00238433,0.9863012,0.0004272875],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5639071,0.02530363,0.0144103,0.0004718847,0.007126916,0.0004058421,0.00001052812,0.0001106019,0.3882532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783601,0.00001510194,0.000929745,0.00002000158,0.0001368101,0.000003159387,6.281469e-7,0.000006207147,0.02052824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7229508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.574376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075972876","doi":"10.1353/mou.2009.0005","title":"Dreams and Experience in Classical Antiquity (review)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mouseion Journal of the Classical Association of Canada","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dream; Scholarship; Context (archaeology); Epiphany; Divination; Classical antiquity; Classics; Population; Philosophy; History; Literature; Art; Psychology; Sociology; Theology; Law; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Pauline Ripat","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00690473508547511,"gpt":0.2247447264082728,"spread":0.2178399913227977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002454855,0.00008204982,0.0003031302,0.00002079612,0.00008054032,0.000005226673,0.0001422966,0.00003605811,0.0000205072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001006563,0.00005256506,0.00009573479,0.0001501941,0.00003454581,0.00006777164,0.00002500168,0.0003281362,1.336978e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003271778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002576614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004528927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002834915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988576,0.0001064501,0.0004470003,0.0000733079,0.000362417,0.0001532802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990943,0.0001128428,0.0005398921,0.00006708146,0.0001083905,0.00007749716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006099998,0.0005123412,0.07872716,0.00003909555,0.0001757212,0.000007123059,0.0006902044,0.00027804,0.000757213,0.005314711,0.8707606,0.04267679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001847486,0.000281049,0.09539758,0.0008750126,0.0001372678,0.000005302548,0.0004560356,0.0004677319,0.00205578,0.002995288,0.8951398,0.0003417249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4804492,0.004601116,0.0009171407,0.50396,0.001336755,0.0003661862,0.00002736279,0.000008566152,0.008333675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930403,0.0001096545,0.00004061999,0.0002712465,0.0001044386,8.987715e-7,3.273928e-7,0.000002623509,0.006429844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5125912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2143541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1584925844","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v8i0.25952","title":"The Archaic and the Exotic: Studies in the History of Indian Astronomical Instruments","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Astrolabe; Sanskrit; Globe; Ancient history; History; Index (typography); Geography; Astronomy; Art; Literature; Physics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Toke Lindegaard Knudsen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08136981091416622,"gpt":0.2869304183989208,"spread":0.2055606074847546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002795412,0.0001531576,0.0003402964,0.00007961391,0.0004829295,0.00001062793,0.0005874467,0.00001863752,0.000001062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001770081,0.00006427378,0.0000489846,0.000188556,0.02055386,0.0001282073,0.0002266245,0.0002585854,9.624824e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004769147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001727317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003323435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005660218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985505,0.0002328872,0.0003941773,0.0002096855,0.0003465698,0.0002661448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986343,0.0007518351,0.0002541424,0.0002433072,0.00008064564,0.00003578347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107943,0.0001401535,0.03856953,0.00006093934,0.0001854248,0.000001678408,0.9164993,0.0005742112,0.000007678191,0.01914811,0.007496952,0.01720809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00390537,0.000533158,0.03491964,0.0003643654,0.0001967148,0.00001451489,0.8518688,0.001833576,0.000009911458,0.01857718,0.0872958,0.000480986],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9406105,0.05392434,0.00001558153,0.001283061,0.00111002,0.0003091667,0.000001885156,0.000003558581,0.002741935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988415,0.0002885414,0.0001371394,0.00004671433,0.00004082418,0.0000538221,2.470518e-7,0.000003414473,0.0005878315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07979885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9821116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302399841","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v6i0.25892","title":"Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Islam; The Renaissance; Political science; Art; Philosophy; Art history; Theology","authors":[{"name":"George Saliba","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Shank","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04297878082173874,"gpt":0.270956495862666,"spread":0.2279777150409273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003223398,0.00007891642,0.0001610504,0.00004935529,0.0006814927,0.00001135542,0.0005692155,0.000005493398,6.033762e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000202853,0.00003416572,0.00002340748,0.0004282955,0.02727316,0.0001298506,0.0003377551,0.0001135061,4.936631e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000985142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001231897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007953353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004529034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990163,0.0001081737,0.0001942116,0.0001631061,0.0003730896,0.0001450666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993244,0.0001099247,0.0001905025,0.0001971737,0.0001663897,0.0000116552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003898605,0.00009304351,0.02898793,0.0000695026,0.0000594324,8.886118e-7,0.7884359,0.00111643,0.0003129362,0.142274,0.009134519,0.02947645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00768357,0.0006134614,0.1525229,0.002066293,0.0005026108,0.00004093897,0.5482252,0.01963728,0.0004025027,0.09550183,0.171317,0.001486486],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8001367,0.03653342,0.0005613511,0.00279888,0.001471139,0.0004165389,0.00000302672,0.00001039504,0.1580686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993825,0.00002063954,0.0002633932,0.00004978936,0.00002325508,0.000004921358,2.027316e-8,0.000001998115,0.0002534921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2402108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.975374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302078709","doi":"10.33137/rr.v36i2.8609","title":"Cardano's Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renaissance and Reformation","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"The Renaissance; Cosmos (plant); Astrology; Art; Art history; Philosophy; Literature","authors":[{"name":"Anthony Grafton","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Considine","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005366951563756822,"gpt":0.2022953517657349,"spread":0.196928400201978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009989028,0.00009946949,0.0001578778,0.00002199177,0.0002537789,0.00001604911,0.00005545119,0.0000376679,0.00007005224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001409897,0.00005578793,0.00003729267,0.0001175733,0.0002012096,0.0001903746,0.00001910502,0.0001510607,0.000007745281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000927607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007723286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004460101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001822701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994422,0.00002889117,0.0001991459,0.0001102679,0.00007724197,0.000142295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997131,0.00002441152,0.00008809594,0.0001137643,0.00002574517,0.00003486347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001066472,0.00006617697,0.020625,0.00004082006,0.0001673737,4.494299e-7,0.002620649,0.0003899074,0.000154493,0.004137327,0.006428337,0.9652628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00350771,0.0004099317,0.156166,0.0009901247,0.000283679,0.00001623071,0.003748644,0.002356683,0.003065822,0.005385763,0.8231229,0.0009464871],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9488118,0.008045757,0.001160708,0.0009016915,0.00009392334,0.0002306647,0.00001142248,0.00002542933,0.04071856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988332,0.0003844206,0.0001467613,0.00002186073,0.00009112204,0.00001728161,0.000007183714,0.000004495093,0.0004937045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9643163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2274966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026200563","doi":"10.1080/00033790600625427","title":"Ptolemy's Ancient Planetary Observations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ptolemy's table of chords; Astrobiology; Philosophy; Classics; Geology; Archaeology; Paleontology; Art; History; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Jones","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0402739518378879,"gpt":0.2656135539787082,"spread":0.2253396021408203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001301859,0.00005170857,0.00007938722,0.00004922445,0.0002622005,0.000009053421,0.0001619644,0.000008700849,0.00005638883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002943302,0.00004163379,0.00003689299,0.0003982249,0.0005141083,0.0001424889,0.00003504657,0.00004997501,0.00002251718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004591264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005412183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004063848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002215723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993792,0.000004758173,0.0001355776,0.0001286114,0.0001610737,0.0001908291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996908,0.00001780988,0.00005803054,0.00009588515,0.00009851042,0.00003899445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001135917,0.0006808845,0.5325224,0.00001236935,0.00004894149,0.000001715866,0.0007320949,0.006435097,0.01634836,0.3336855,0.08822115,0.02130012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002112729,0.0000992484,0.7347829,0.00003334699,0.0000140781,3.607293e-7,0.0004294203,0.0007296372,0.02620155,0.01294168,0.2242819,0.0002746324],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339617,0.0003102287,0.001638881,0.001022568,0.0002020379,0.0000638931,0.00002637581,0.00001452135,0.06275983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985388,0.000001807356,0.000665794,0.00005093844,0.00007580271,0.000002688048,0.000006249471,0.000001423205,0.0006564773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3207438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2016661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W617823670","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v2i0.25737","title":"Archimedes: What Did He Do Besides Cry Eureka?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Aeronautics; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Sherman C. Stein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry Mendell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05940900773887536,"gpt":0.2930550320159988,"spread":0.2336460242771234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008676941,0.0001294884,0.0002438608,0.00009613821,0.000396776,0.00002900642,0.0003429128,0.00001549814,0.000007221369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006752253,0.00007979666,0.00004020382,0.0002375926,0.005649307,0.0003893758,0.0001540992,0.0001491314,0.000005525487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000148504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001078496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001173827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005090902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989344,0.00005526078,0.0002415916,0.0002286192,0.0003195359,0.0002206131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993542,0.0001762876,0.0001287083,0.0001720943,0.0001062523,0.00006244369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004056536,0.0003279053,0.05395762,0.00009727417,0.0001870995,0.000006034247,0.8080608,0.001758211,0.00009230527,0.0258192,0.02843644,0.08121652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014415,0.0006373203,0.009004193,0.0007651226,0.0001950904,0.00001187786,0.6798617,0.001746535,0.00010745,0.04452667,0.2608488,0.0008538041],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8185405,0.147635,0.001028899,0.001631876,0.002668813,0.0003423546,0.000004043109,0.00002732161,0.02812127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974672,0.0002706138,0.001057421,0.00005155501,0.00006475586,0.00002106671,4.147419e-7,0.00000387757,0.001063118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2324123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970567,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078593256","doi":"10.1119/1.1379734","title":"The great Copernican cliché","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physics","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Copernican principle; Copernicus; Demotion; Physics; Astronomy; Astrobiology; Natural philosophy; Philosophy; Epistemology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Dennis Danielson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006508337194192198,"gpt":0.2289907049271054,"spread":0.2224823677329132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001144184,0.000107897,0.0002424341,0.00001346822,0.0003030987,0.00002478387,0.0002273468,0.000007898789,0.00004087315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004459069,0.00006226523,0.0001950635,0.0002392253,0.0003300908,0.00008030726,0.00003128885,0.0002923581,0.0000355819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003576623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005461056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006105848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000111962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992272,0.00005518187,0.0002722919,0.00007464507,0.0001591827,0.0002115579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991283,0.0001354767,0.0003888249,0.0001323331,0.0001226361,0.00009239788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005164567,0.00008835545,0.03771331,4.932319e-7,0.0003313481,0.000004877971,0.0003885115,0.000176343,0.00004230473,0.007511876,0.004365437,0.9493255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005883037,0.0007169494,0.003493833,0.00002967311,0.0001383566,0.0000151292,0.003117609,0.0000544747,0.0002420512,0.004779576,0.9865863,0.0002376927],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8700655,0.001398079,0.05566263,0.004233205,0.001414716,0.0001774257,0.00001275703,0.00002999325,0.06700574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974497,0.0001027516,0.0002711985,0.00004560268,0.001119326,0.000001685732,5.966378e-7,0.0000100974,0.0009990446],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9822209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2539102,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W632830558","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v1i0.25713","title":"Greek Science of the Hellenistic Era: A Sourcebook","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Classics; History","authors":[{"name":"Georgia L. Irby‐Massie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Τ. Keyser","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. E. Rihll","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04977996829057776,"gpt":0.2754836673822861,"spread":0.2257036990917083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001220369,0.0001026143,0.0002127665,0.00009593743,0.0005574876,0.000008018689,0.0006424299,0.00001094085,0.000003270431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001384731,0.00005415565,0.00004138561,0.000513141,0.01781167,0.0001353482,0.000278327,0.0001375602,0.000001736703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000199744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003657643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001716565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000400184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988148,0.00004159128,0.0002513407,0.0002010375,0.0004837216,0.0002074808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992041,0.0001260375,0.0001982872,0.0002269198,0.0001988049,0.00004584806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004745313,0.0004155449,0.05269138,0.0001495636,0.0001151834,0.000002869187,0.824492,0.004383844,0.001574685,0.08627991,0.009899853,0.01994765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005293077,0.001790479,0.08397999,0.001689113,0.000686776,0.00006090569,0.6057769,0.02378821,0.001819572,0.1042963,0.168629,0.002189713],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9417695,0.0123757,0.0006906925,0.0005838416,0.001532466,0.0003122898,0.000004304383,0.000009488515,0.04272175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984419,0.00001176619,0.0005394486,0.00002254545,0.00002564643,0.0000114487,6.077519e-8,0.000002311703,0.0009448781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2187152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9848613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3090694974","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v1i0.25719","title":"Astronomy in the Iberian Peninsula: Abraham Zacut and the Transition from Manuscript to Print","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Peninsula; Transition (genetics); History; Astronomy; Geology; Physics; Archaeology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"José Chabás","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernard R. Goldstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emilia Calvo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0440893826610835,"gpt":0.2645450888382374,"spread":0.2204557061771538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001217039,0.0001181805,0.000224599,0.0000620619,0.0003653106,0.00002226977,0.0003420523,0.00001383155,0.000003253597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000330503,0.00005682709,0.00003054802,0.0002081112,0.003473904,0.0001329531,0.00009760894,0.0001597639,0.000002190124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001153585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008949349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003908627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990238,0.0001191,0.0002348496,0.0002103172,0.0002373449,0.0001745654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999464,0.0001914998,0.00008828012,0.0001704099,0.00004865453,0.00003720157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008487988,0.000101325,0.00874104,0.00001263412,0.00004880043,0.000001680233,0.9594498,0.001164537,0.00002210987,0.01338537,0.002841082,0.01414671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005210558,0.0005428045,0.07730091,0.0003066698,0.0002270488,0.000009162768,0.6891246,0.005337525,0.00003241319,0.03057225,0.1906376,0.0006984975],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779984,0.007739211,0.002989251,0.004695323,0.0004898646,0.0004583679,0.000006188612,0.000005923022,0.005617454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982137,0.00001908403,0.001351356,0.0001554842,0.00005151996,0.00006282127,7.804783e-7,0.000002512063,0.0001427414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2703252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779244542","doi":"10.18732/h2nd44","title":"Garga and Early Astral Science in India","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Science in South Asia","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Compendium; Relevance (law); Focus (optics); Hinduism; Library science; History; Political science; Philosophy; Law; Archaeology; Physics; Linguistics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Marko Geslani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bill M. Mak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Yano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth G. Zysk","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01370072740400428,"gpt":0.2325075303821767,"spread":0.2188068029781725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005719856,0.00009485495,0.0001782457,0.000300231,0.0004562662,0.00003251664,0.0005953602,0.00002405386,0.00003265105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003626982,0.00008707389,0.00002713827,0.0002389556,0.00758928,0.0005309599,0.0001595532,0.0002060395,0.000008921255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003420029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005377317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002907273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004249016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988383,0.000009807414,0.000206607,0.0003292572,0.0002694908,0.0003465146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994088,0.00001132917,0.000169621,0.0002544501,0.00004779833,0.0001079863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000584087,0.00004200559,0.9758055,0.00000325041,0.000001149042,0.000001873196,0.01597604,0.000006188281,0.0008003351,0.002411593,0.00003820135,0.004908002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002778959,0.00003473233,0.9953667,0.00003424173,0.000002616215,1.687051e-7,0.001530835,0.00003270166,0.0001212234,0.0002403319,0.00225187,0.0001066769],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9318475,0.0001471585,0.00002601908,0.00002159027,0.0005958255,0.00007425441,0.000002082342,0.000004128732,0.06728144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998524,7.558064e-7,0.0004128776,0.00000245793,0.00003141761,0.000005721337,9.012455e-8,0.00000293615,0.001019785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06667646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162765096","doi":"10.25162/historia-2011-0018","title":"Polybius 3.40, the Foundation of Placentia, and the Roman Calendar (218–217 BC)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Historia","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Foundation (evidence); History; Archaeology; Ancient history; Genealogy","authors":[{"name":"Michael P. Fronda","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009190375376086447,"gpt":0.1856057396476606,"spread":0.1764153642715742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001409245,0.0001007707,0.0001585371,0.00001893976,0.0003648532,0.000004914234,0.0001272786,0.00002821204,0.0003304851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005246237,0.00005415963,0.00006722728,0.00006825532,0.0003332969,0.00005027409,0.00004698275,0.000148941,0.0000350646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004380846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002606913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001942953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001881592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994066,0.00006115291,0.0001815008,0.0001261924,0.00009394866,0.000130643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995546,0.00006520964,0.0001279547,0.0001851632,0.00003545044,0.00003159686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001192404,0.0006543,0.02700829,0.00004539836,0.001202436,0.000002399325,0.06589089,0.000007958769,0.0002723405,0.7255198,0.1042481,0.07395566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002062019,0.00008453807,0.005495233,0.0000179294,0.0002437849,7.46113e-7,0.001065234,0.00007838539,0.0001942891,0.006493879,0.9840744,0.0001895334],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2874773,0.01209951,0.02733944,0.002681779,0.01816856,0.002063151,0.0001523294,0.0001602689,0.6498576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949825,0.00001223576,0.0002196435,0.00001034796,0.0002878623,0.00002006667,0.000004472446,0.000007665162,0.004455245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8798264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.361858,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023546450","doi":"10.2140/memocs.2013.1.67","title":"Ptolemy’s longitudes and Eratosthenes’ measurement of the earth’s circumference","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Université de Lyon; Universität Duisburg-Essen; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Universität zu Köln; Freie Universität Berlin; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Indian National Science Academy; McGill University; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; University of Pittsburgh; Louisiana State University; Wayne State University; Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Ptolemy's table of chords; Circumference; Geodesy; Value (mathematics); Mathematics; Geology; Statistics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Lucio Russo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02559433692282365,"gpt":0.2026903828969368,"spread":0.1770960459741132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001801901,0.0001148461,0.000311958,0.00002213996,0.0001032115,0.0000221399,0.0001112764,0.00002720444,0.00003148959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006160422,0.00007143087,0.00005224532,0.00005848044,0.00004767477,0.00003368413,0.00009001318,0.00006553631,0.000002482217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001816522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001902325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003163273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991993,0.00002490039,0.0003394939,0.0001074407,0.0002108818,0.0001180273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999345,0.00003968342,0.0002208934,0.0001785296,0.0001720267,0.0000438847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001830673,0.0001889587,0.00155687,0.0005337179,0.0002697337,6.638158e-8,0.001529541,0.00005038854,0.02331995,0.9694381,0.0002589331,0.002851949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007163277,0.001479556,0.01873103,0.008034396,0.001550586,0.00004520244,0.04509221,0.2689043,0.05503595,0.5612627,0.02929683,0.003403923],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.796168,0.003914321,0.1842558,0.0003099854,0.0006389482,0.00211281,0.00006164928,0.00003259095,0.01250587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990294,0.000008777448,0.0008125938,0.000002130739,0.0000220658,0.00002540408,5.587521e-7,0.000006850938,0.00009220419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4081754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2912866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913223762","doi":"10.1017/s0957423918000085","title":"THE MERCURY MODELS OF IBN AL-ŠĀṬIR AND COPERNICUS","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Copernicus; Ptolemy's table of chords; Philosophy; Mercury (programming language); Physics; Classics; Astrobiology; History; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Sajjad Nikfahm-Khubravan","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Jamil Ragep","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01399680658860393,"gpt":0.2247309940935072,"spread":0.2107341875049033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001619672,0.00007918314,0.0001271416,0.00001894882,0.0003864196,0.0000229717,0.0001144967,0.00001556475,0.00002411943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001361699,0.00004324289,0.00003521243,0.0001122079,0.0004804916,0.0001178622,0.00006568689,0.00006259046,0.0000099961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003184351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001819262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000830803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.347874e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994263,0.00001905177,0.0001250292,0.0001796612,0.0001108457,0.0001390891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997068,0.00008305906,0.00005687949,0.00008870823,0.00002203106,0.0000425236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001519755,0.00005721119,0.04449792,0.0000131878,0.00009554338,2.147502e-7,0.001247427,0.0004894584,0.0001882618,0.9240223,0.0008450163,0.02852825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008466491,0.0005684161,0.004332805,0.00008948719,0.00005505046,0.00000203329,0.001596163,0.01034219,0.0002139521,0.9082767,0.07324989,0.0004266971],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8442716,0.006122686,0.0001951711,0.005939016,0.000316305,0.0001966151,0.00001108697,0.000009873051,0.1429376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994284,0.0001304527,0.00008703898,0.00005347831,0.00006656941,0.000004158104,4.573838e-7,0.000002344297,0.0002270807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1551568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2972067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2292368874","doi":"10.1119/1.4935896","title":"On motion in a resisting medium: A historical perspective","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physics","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Galileo (satellite navigation); Perspective (graphical); Motion (physics); Physics; Context (archaeology); Epistemology; Ballistics; Theoretical physics; Classical mechanics; Philosophy; History; Artificial intelligence; Geodesy; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"W. W. Hackborn","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007461470396001543,"gpt":0.2306258605842297,"spread":0.2231643901882281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001193708,0.0001074654,0.0002983458,0.00006941859,0.00006531821,0.000004515297,0.000101763,0.00001243749,0.00002306218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003376965,0.00006669739,0.000138297,0.0002514132,0.00009901014,0.00009426987,0.00001681772,0.0002353555,0.00001402171],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008044961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006157553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001661058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001353537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991848,0.00007235569,0.0002741228,0.0001187709,0.0001776981,0.0001721875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999128,0.0002158128,0.0003710519,0.00007852094,0.0001336997,0.00007292606],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003542173,0.001015573,0.05684736,0.000003558909,0.0003258706,0.00002467435,0.004059024,0.0002830499,0.00120978,0.1102074,0.003158665,0.8225108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01901936,0.01689773,0.1126156,0.003175434,0.0007888417,0.00003593085,0.03458118,0.0002141516,0.009790658,0.7483631,0.05096928,0.003548776],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.734196,0.0002627774,0.2353433,0.008586296,0.001096809,0.0001610796,0.00001038304,0.00002534858,0.02031799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986128,0.000005161141,0.000504681,0.00001824686,0.0006361018,0.000002075372,1.437642e-7,0.000009096156,0.0002116905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.818962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.271984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2738096118","doi":"10.1007/s00407-017-0194-7","title":"Of paths and places: the origin of Ptolemy’s Geography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Ptolemy's table of chords; Displacement (psychology); Geography; Schematic; Compass; Situated; Geographic coordinate system; Geodesy; Computer science; Mathematics; Geometry; Cartography; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Gerd Graßhoff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Florian Mittenhuber","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elisabeth Rinner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02216607177060912,"gpt":0.2561334276970023,"spread":0.2339673559263932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002143462,0.00006812044,0.0001815886,0.00005256029,0.0003654844,0.000003861668,0.0003251893,0.0000103773,0.00001967604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001456428,0.00004166552,0.0001088631,0.00002657121,0.002742306,0.00008249596,0.00005469063,0.00005033283,2.633758e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009159084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008043584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000445853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001022711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994698,0.00001883607,0.000171436,0.00012699,0.0001024348,0.0001105409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992186,0.0002119437,0.0003585721,0.0001542198,0.00003097414,0.0000256375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001197369,0.0003383367,0.6781056,0.0001403977,0.0003401323,2.176539e-7,0.01445221,0.0001042073,0.003212926,0.2506806,0.00902364,0.04348198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001345214,0.001427147,0.1265523,0.0001930988,0.0002009724,4.253185e-7,0.003100939,0.0005722854,0.002582399,0.05661774,0.8070142,0.0003932687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8623457,0.00347047,0.005812587,0.0003744737,0.00101338,0.0004713864,0.0002226653,0.000007780642,0.1262816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980513,0.00001254201,0.001469464,0.000002712178,0.0000287074,0.000008916121,0.00000110922,0.000002061275,0.000423153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7979906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2548158774","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2013-0016","title":"STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF ANCIENT CHINESE ORIGINAL CROSSBOW","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Council","keywords":"Period (music); Mechanism (biology); Generalization; Spring (device); Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Kuo-Hung Hsiao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004766711609917997,"gpt":0.1889126299350847,"spread":0.1841459183251667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004627486,0.00009908417,0.0001685298,0.00001907757,0.0002226602,0.000007599868,0.0001504816,0.00004895463,0.0002019486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005947432,0.00006948816,0.0005226054,0.0001627517,0.00004501425,0.00005455126,0.000004119739,0.0001433276,0.00000155121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001049244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008940636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02100833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006098449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994528,0.000003717165,0.0001707964,0.00009237874,0.00007166085,0.0002086734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995974,0.00006284471,0.00004255624,0.0001250006,0.00005861336,0.0001135968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004157301,0.00035957,0.004173369,0.000787004,0.006422067,2.991212e-7,0.004805459,0.7503372,0.06397754,0.08747525,0.005933855,0.07568683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003146317,0.0003532986,0.01647042,0.0004411836,0.001239095,0.00000559053,0.002523626,0.800151,0.1342584,0.0070322,0.03234441,0.002034492],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7135414,0.000177675,0.2825523,0.0008268006,0.001079705,0.0008526898,0.0005049781,0.00003760849,0.0004268551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951937,5.768935e-7,0.004564517,0.000007501758,0.00004327415,0.00006272218,0.000001377709,0.000009595253,0.0001167103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2816524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9855109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799475877","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2017-1030","title":"ANCIENT CHINESE MAZE LOCKS","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lock (firearm); Keyhole; Head (geology); Computer science; Key (lock); Insert (composites); Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Operating system","authors":[{"name":"Kan Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yang Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jianliang Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kuo-Hung Hsiao","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006521750913366967,"gpt":0.2032536436466524,"spread":0.1967318927332854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009006217,0.00009369983,0.0001298264,0.00001207226,0.0007527561,0.00001987913,0.0002790283,0.00005312895,0.00005599199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008592651,0.00006969911,0.0005518268,0.00005183965,0.00004265596,0.00005231,0.000008259502,0.0001842347,0.000001629377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001156873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008706286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009861561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002749813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994901,0.000002684422,0.0001185179,0.0001041024,0.00006496948,0.0002195843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994877,0.00002883265,0.00004650359,0.0002733463,0.00003224447,0.0001313479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001175189,0.0009643504,0.005833344,0.0007859564,0.01157671,0.000002256914,0.01084387,0.5333604,0.03243573,0.2689009,0.01632532,0.1188537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006002781,0.0003330138,0.01174566,0.0004218273,0.001420702,0.000004977135,0.001276953,0.3100641,0.0315177,0.007801815,0.6270277,0.002382748],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05137686,0.0001429671,0.9417868,0.002331547,0.002087687,0.0005483439,0.000364081,0.00003908234,0.001322666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966859,0.000001065359,0.002586423,0.00001755804,0.00008787226,0.00003154042,0.00000164263,0.00001078659,0.0005771839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.945309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2568737147","doi":"10.1177/0021828616678508","title":"Ibn al-Shāṭir and Copernicus: The Uppsala Notes Revisited","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Copernicus; Ptolemy's table of chords; Geocentric model; Philosophy; Astronomer; Classics; Physics; History; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"F. Jamil Ragep","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01512310130359947,"gpt":0.230565414254968,"spread":0.2154423129513685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004278133,0.000177191,0.000281105,0.00004387958,0.0006331736,0.00002041095,0.0002910605,0.00003087373,0.0002573137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002386319,0.00007478587,0.000320284,0.00004551624,0.000445149,0.0001316384,0.00006126934,0.0002508578,0.00001721203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002256331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001529766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002422966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.206823e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989965,0.00006440031,0.0003775086,0.0001601022,0.0001373448,0.000264148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986846,0.0005480108,0.0003585631,0.0002253516,0.00009586832,0.00008764784],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001844706,0.0001764367,0.01679062,0.00001686435,0.00170312,0.000001093348,0.002826763,0.00005704145,0.001609314,0.005048269,0.44231,0.529276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007320135,0.0001050871,0.001209489,0.00005924165,0.0001592467,0.000003183043,0.0003878286,0.00001207171,0.00005684803,0.0003413014,0.9968222,0.0001114881],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1100101,0.07038721,0.7430183,0.04472393,0.01576427,0.002574526,0.0002269003,0.00009104353,0.01320365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9719409,0.00009878296,0.003256376,0.0001353574,0.001014761,0.00006558948,0.000002867802,0.00003433966,0.02345101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8619308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4869924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888468534","doi":"10.1007/s00407-018-0214-2","title":"The end of an error: Bianchini, Regiomontanus, and the tabulation of stellar coordinates","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Ptolemy's table of chords; Mathematics; Astronomer; Algebra over a field; Physics; Astronomy; Geometry; Pure mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Glen Van Brummelen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01656950442336232,"gpt":0.2497627947559193,"spread":0.2331932903325569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004380579,0.00006509684,0.0001592547,0.00003660082,0.000374696,0.000003229728,0.000198611,0.00001062219,0.00001262261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001894976,0.00003365869,0.00006781247,0.00006782902,0.005510199,0.00007747528,0.00003129431,0.00004270575,3.17134e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001608496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000073678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003615872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007954892,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993942,0.00006359204,0.0002046763,0.0001214154,0.0001095424,0.0001066064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999034,0.0005042932,0.0002674607,0.0001158248,0.00005564408,0.00002275419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001229034,0.0004476598,0.04831464,0.0000846847,0.0004911744,2.03483e-7,0.06960079,0.0002962986,0.004398402,0.7133207,0.01294179,0.1488746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003968612,0.004440666,0.03156689,0.0001747721,0.0003076523,0.000001633963,0.01118668,0.01275567,0.008026259,0.1626417,0.7644189,0.0005105241],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9232712,0.005276507,0.006934402,0.0005738274,0.0009356916,0.0006408974,0.00007566625,0.00000972729,0.06228207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985034,0.00001040052,0.000733695,0.000003423287,0.00005755662,0.000006566318,0.000002002862,0.000002427761,0.0006805131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7514771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W79632728","doi":"10.1017/s1539299600018001","title":"Why Astronomy is Useful and Should be Included in the School Curriculum","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Highlights of Astronomy","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Astronomy; Physics; Set (abstract data type); Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"John R. Percy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01300603429958093,"gpt":0.2376883691540306,"spread":0.2246823348544497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000226306,0.000365227,0.000486833,0.0001657226,0.000268363,0.00005167434,0.0004342041,0.00009008421,0.0007126468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004081412,0.0002499684,0.0001829563,0.0002873977,0.0002399471,0.0003710112,0.0001727501,0.0004914097,0.00004703753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007693825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007695685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000492992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002966704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980522,0.00009848257,0.000604493,0.000450809,0.0002713919,0.0005225669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990385,0.00009600823,0.0002286133,0.0004050662,0.00007130844,0.0001605665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000106543,0.002541072,0.6562402,0.00005116879,0.0009305628,0.000004903177,0.009029069,0.0005671668,0.0001410218,0.05293029,0.2060555,0.07140259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001017923,0.00009679767,0.0113911,0.00003563259,0.00006752372,8.813741e-7,0.001939805,0.00002639566,0.0006726222,0.0001607392,0.9843194,0.0002711241],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8865325,0.001366877,0.02215096,0.044073,0.0004022499,0.001490449,0.0001161515,0.0000828205,0.04378503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985588,0.00001034385,0.01267152,0.0004422915,0.0005960474,0.0001136113,0.00002615982,0.0000219242,0.0005301518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.778264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234214287","doi":"10.1080/00033790701245497","title":"The ‘New Historiography’ and the Limits of Alchemy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Alchemy; Historiography; Philosophy; Art history; Classics; Art; Humanities; History","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02482537541337592,"gpt":0.2888880905791356,"spread":0.2640627151657596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008654648,0.00004790946,0.00009498359,0.00003641287,0.0003967769,0.000007652573,0.00023119,0.000009239408,0.000004371375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001929516,0.00002277784,0.00006348376,0.0004089028,0.00271162,0.00005993577,0.00004383763,0.00006654164,0.000001080418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002813212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004467433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001511694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000255947,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994179,0.000008177067,0.0001544124,0.00009015936,0.0001615454,0.0001677886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994362,0.0001900594,0.0001071969,0.0001153288,0.0001007898,0.00005045012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000141038,0.0001075248,0.01873116,0.000007320461,0.0001413113,2.334369e-7,0.007046192,0.00001546083,0.002885528,0.6170783,0.01434312,0.3395028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001371386,0.0002364223,0.0427618,0.00006890944,0.00006350857,7.047713e-7,0.004573137,0.00005695723,0.1286172,0.04419255,0.7777556,0.0003018363],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7317516,0.02377928,0.009621417,0.01577829,0.001126396,0.000475724,0.000007907969,0.00002030943,0.2174391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990296,0.00008966454,0.0001235259,0.00002339264,0.0000516333,8.956439e-7,6.44032e-8,0.000001231812,0.0006800193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7634125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171756002","doi":"10.1212/01.wnl.0000340780.22816.19","title":"Perception of Time","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurology","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Consciousness; Time perception; Perception; Nothing; Time sequence; Deep time; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Time travel; Psychology; Philosophy; Computer science; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Donald F. Weaver","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006277189372252896,"gpt":0.19188087157181,"spread":0.1856036821995571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001113446,0.00003789299,0.0000879928,0.00001687048,0.00005599345,2.652614e-7,0.00003479881,0.00002199823,0.0007489227],"category_scores_gemma":[7.222091e-7,0.00003199792,0.00003825405,0.00003476065,0.00007441748,0.00001361452,0.00001459989,0.00008299415,0.0002673639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001650847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006737434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004705428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.350658e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997323,0.00001940458,0.00007504527,0.00007162712,0.00002667348,0.00007500428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998747,0.00001683258,0.00002676597,0.00005308761,0.00001328362,0.00001538588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002656573,0.0006454351,0.9008931,0.000007201099,0.0002137199,0.00001679601,0.002487957,0.0005224057,0.01907748,0.006217507,0.02758078,0.04207199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002203217,0.002901132,0.4954849,0.000005296048,0.00009478438,0.00003456134,0.00009183987,0.0008713037,0.001043446,0.003100488,0.4936595,0.0005095556],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9628937,0.00001391063,0.0006088119,0.0001844518,0.00008255959,0.00002491254,0.000002062314,0.000009676393,0.03617996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988861,0.000002839854,0.00006097137,0.00003371561,0.00008835095,0.000002397629,0.000002716835,0.000002733077,0.0009201528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4660787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8200178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095205169","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0498.2005.470303.x","title":"Ptolemy's Planetary Mean Motions Revisited","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Centaurus","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ptolemy's table of chords; CITES; Period (music); Geodesy; Physics; Geology; Mathematics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dennis W. Duke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006798754709496353,"gpt":0.2075479913085219,"spread":0.2007492365990256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003229563,0.0001121305,0.0001369623,0.00003327581,0.000211281,0.0000119101,0.00008963189,0.000027233,0.001756076],"category_scores_gemma":[8.697446e-7,0.00009656065,0.00008215933,0.00009809759,0.00003564878,0.00006887625,0.00003078423,0.0001632612,0.0009429142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004021252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001158823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005832294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003613304,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993635,0.00002055976,0.0001584512,0.0001621777,0.00007647624,0.0002187962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999704,0.00001337256,0.00004115247,0.0001368919,0.00001665739,0.00008794521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000294522,0.00106819,0.1466381,0.00002209183,0.0008587366,0.000009422949,0.002752597,0.001430496,0.0003335646,0.06441353,0.2085134,0.5739304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004867497,0.00002524804,0.007337075,0.00002194638,0.00006276251,0.00000100895,0.0002917325,0.0002748523,0.0002684691,0.0003847694,0.9906233,0.0002220698],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2669373,0.004330468,0.0155082,0.003656493,0.001245569,0.0006524247,0.0003390828,0.00037845,0.706952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946841,0.00001181383,0.001073565,0.00006956127,0.000730665,0.000007080657,0.0001328095,0.000008848217,0.003281581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7821099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W581563835","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v10i0.26043","title":"Thomas Harriot and His World: Mathematics, Exploration, and Natural Philosophy in Early Modern England","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Portrait; Classics; Natural philosophy; Philosophy; Art history; History; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Robert Fox","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott M. Hyslop","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05341618931605799,"gpt":0.2690675259038729,"spread":0.2156513365878149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000588063,0.0001150546,0.0002336802,0.0001428972,0.0002086535,0.00001598881,0.0001234649,0.00001270561,6.792487e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004690904,0.00007379408,0.00001380912,0.000197987,0.002416949,0.0003058333,0.0001013623,0.0001293437,4.796228e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009180374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003422001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001068487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003873846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992324,0.00003621755,0.0002166755,0.0001907637,0.0001829117,0.0001410611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995735,0.0001273529,0.0001026283,0.00009347235,0.00006126964,0.00004178153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003239352,0.0001143485,0.1031001,0.0001076037,0.00004793497,0.000002957426,0.8589356,0.0003107172,0.00003050772,0.02224019,0.0008765493,0.01420109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01161036,0.001564522,0.07349352,0.001829617,0.0003794514,0.00003016832,0.2127409,0.08164372,0.000103718,0.5408682,0.07319879,0.002537017],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641727,0.03087472,0.0003882786,0.0006665307,0.0003353593,0.0001735694,0.000002096253,0.000007421834,0.003379324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981143,0.00007612773,0.001192441,0.00001493249,0.00003504358,0.0000170072,3.540185e-7,0.000003111704,0.000546626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6461947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8905351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1603911789","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-00143-2_14","title":"The Science Behind Francesco Borromini’s Divine Geometry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Astronomer; Kepler; Interpretation (philosophy); Philosophy; Epistemology; Theoretical physics; Physics; Planet; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"John G. Hatch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005857520519192251,"gpt":0.1995525262710678,"spread":0.1936950057518755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002675179,0.0003052124,0.0003318189,0.00008596044,0.001335089,0.00008311582,0.00054882,0.00009569163,0.001235397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006223644,0.0001766975,0.0001891944,0.00005223516,0.0009616587,0.00005360087,0.0002374913,0.0005717019,0.0007530896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006065045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001151164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003830747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005174852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998542,0.000006447243,0.0003018306,0.0004099375,0.0003519021,0.0003878678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990184,0.0001504827,0.000182617,0.0004170633,0.0001090926,0.0001223807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005573919,0.00001530007,0.0002494456,0.000004822097,0.0001741249,5.94647e-7,0.00008161055,0.00000865443,0.000004838916,0.8644601,0.01945932,0.1155356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001234384,0.00003961564,0.00007018937,0.00003318309,0.00004859357,1.654014e-7,0.00002502908,0.00001917648,0.00003301129,0.009356165,0.989994,0.0002574437],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005642379,0.0009460655,0.003740706,0.0002889964,0.0009824091,0.0001414728,0.00001839,0.00003013695,0.9937954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1057994,0.00003783825,0.0001361001,0.00002717453,0.000953156,0.00001042331,0.00000833352,0.0000235324,0.893004],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9705347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249575040","doi":"10.3386/w25529","title":"Fading Stars","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; Sid W. Richardson Foundation; Smith Richardson Foundation","keywords":"Fading; Stars; Astrophysics; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications; Channel (broadcasting)","authors":[{"name":"Germán Gutiérrez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Philippon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2652846870651772,"gpt":0.4884261363554988,"spread":0.2231414492903216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001802084,0.0001873232,0.0004971855,0.0004343066,0.000169401,0.00002603081,0.0003410433,0.0001937311,0.003034748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006637101,0.0001763068,0.0002514144,0.0001228463,0.0001705851,0.00008517101,0.0001750361,0.0009778431,0.0008128032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001444226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003219298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001228251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008328352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976018,0.00008155223,0.0005352873,0.0004009927,0.001005956,0.0003743933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977717,0.0005563365,0.0002569538,0.0002059347,0.001133147,0.0000758746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003010905,0.0001588082,0.0101767,0.0001434997,0.001343368,0.000001053142,0.0001691694,0.001694654,0.00004090617,0.4704918,0.5066473,0.009102578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004497289,0.00009369287,0.0003411617,0.0001584305,0.00003195546,9.888648e-7,0.0001941669,0.0001694404,0.0001148808,0.1042388,0.8938733,0.0003334535],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008416558,0.0005991096,0.00002892201,0.0001338223,0.0009027033,0.000298028,0.0001291527,0.000007610698,0.997059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8720182,0.0001527534,0.000120115,0.000002419378,0.001790464,0.00005785227,0.0004644142,0.00003479693,0.125359],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2730981286","doi":"10.18732/h2ht0h","title":"The Units of Time in Ancient and Medieval India","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Science in South Asia","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab; University of Calcutta; University of Cambridge; Indian National Science Academy","keywords":"Sanskrit; Section (typography); Ancient history; History; Classics; Literature; Art; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Takao Hayashi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01411568299897213,"gpt":0.2223868199682157,"spread":0.2082711369692435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004968751,0.00005666836,0.000130294,0.0000812986,0.000262049,0.000006270648,0.0003265314,0.0000169831,0.00001787147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005016297,0.00004008964,0.00001650303,0.0001315551,0.003254898,0.0001008217,0.00009276382,0.0001130508,0.000005920952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001323364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002795172,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001018877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007573221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993449,0.00001565438,0.0001768839,0.0001319,0.0001652611,0.0001653362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995117,0.00003245783,0.0001792622,0.0001820835,0.00005222298,0.00004224185],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003902469,0.0001190459,0.8920603,0.00001435659,0.0000122767,0.000002230357,0.07497139,0.00004777287,0.00240258,0.005184591,0.001371185,0.02377518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009759509,0.00009247292,0.9113827,0.0001343598,0.00001473977,2.93624e-7,0.009519653,0.0004549548,0.0005706524,0.000589538,0.07602333,0.0002413199],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9605011,0.0006863076,0.000009226383,0.00004400589,0.0003833011,0.00007058847,0.000004072171,0.000001690674,0.03829969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985887,0.000002778813,0.00005297222,0.000001709373,0.00001621115,0.000003257593,1.894378e-7,0.000001713732,0.00133248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07465214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302329963","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v11i0.26259","title":"Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Astronomy; Philosophy; Art; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Emma Gee","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Ryan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0260526822882776,"gpt":0.2458141466401032,"spread":0.2197614643518256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005914713,0.00007636152,0.0001603847,0.00003821683,0.0003427297,0.000006529995,0.0001583725,0.000009471779,0.000005411684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003274135,0.00003060095,0.00002656626,0.00008215152,0.00992679,0.0001189083,0.00005964198,0.00006920523,0.000001492583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008045158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003422162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004227386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001466537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994059,0.0000464376,0.0001597524,0.0001437487,0.0001202848,0.0001238387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994435,0.0003266087,0.00008584464,0.00009554892,0.00002789447,0.00002061378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001544725,0.000177124,0.06403647,0.00004636005,0.0001792362,7.449048e-7,0.2112715,0.000150475,0.0003504396,0.5882949,0.007839995,0.1274983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01771213,0.00122449,0.3636532,0.001213889,0.0006513325,0.00003159385,0.2160508,0.006612408,0.0002960434,0.1863534,0.2043047,0.001895934],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811699,0.009702038,0.001461921,0.00208727,0.0004487379,0.000153191,0.000003170218,0.000005762472,0.004967949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991956,0.00005864635,0.0002738891,0.00001762586,0.00003799623,0.00001950586,9.805463e-8,0.000001561653,0.000395101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4019415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9927676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970886905","doi":"10.1068/p5940","title":"Ibn Al-Haytham and Psychophysics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perception","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Victoria Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Psychophysics; Conflation; Spurious relationship; Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Computer science; Perception","authors":[{"name":"Craig Aaen‐Stockdale","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009593516865219134,"gpt":0.2238495814317061,"spread":0.214256064566487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001767963,0.00007481845,0.0000852552,0.00001681569,0.0002437662,0.000005025333,0.00002588826,0.00001904175,0.0002853579],"category_scores_gemma":[4.640072e-7,0.00006439009,0.00004063872,0.00005419553,0.00006599508,0.00006962929,0.00001484179,0.00009924494,0.0001857163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001485155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005773082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006184191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.893058e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996161,0.00001103693,0.00007871389,0.0001302288,0.00005674707,0.000107168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999849,0.000005726453,0.00002259037,0.00006671558,0.00001426222,0.00004174592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003136081,0.0004842073,0.2294145,0.00001119741,0.000179071,0.000003140636,0.01058309,0.00007659878,0.008338721,0.003624715,0.04167638,0.705577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00145477,0.000200098,0.6398247,0.00003469131,0.00007074162,0.000008666994,0.001957545,0.000687836,0.000119994,0.004419936,0.3505534,0.000667533],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9672775,0.0000937768,0.01244235,0.0003544854,0.0001797004,0.00006781248,0.000004748556,0.00003302777,0.01954664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970742,0.00006524431,0.0005747437,0.00005332246,0.0002596321,0.00001003511,0.00000994229,0.000005790832,0.001947063],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7049095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.312447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128105255","doi":"10.1177/002182860403500404","title":"The Arachne of the Amphiareion and the Origin of Gnomonics in Greece","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for the History of Astronomy","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Ancient history; Philosophy; History; Classics","authors":[{"name":"Karlheinz Schaldach","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01070384576345371,"gpt":0.2189669773468267,"spread":0.208263131583373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007000829,0.0001273786,0.0002864618,0.00003526154,0.0004112022,0.000006504365,0.0004230989,0.00003075341,0.00001002585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000175423,0.00005235912,0.0002988941,0.00009099759,0.0009899875,0.00006453731,0.00007050869,0.0004131204,5.299001e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002562841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002646582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001698127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002101144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989589,0.00008270992,0.0005231974,0.00009319854,0.0001560735,0.0001859407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985669,0.0003889627,0.0006737912,0.0002451441,0.00009510811,0.00003012599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005074586,0.001566343,0.0575987,0.0001665841,0.003610695,0.000001226964,0.03762674,0.05838072,0.0007218884,0.4006171,0.02026264,0.4143728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00491816,0.000216662,0.005170524,0.0001231861,0.0002572956,0.00000452992,0.003710555,0.000173545,0.0002105129,0.007915976,0.9771575,0.0001415894],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7931281,0.06407112,0.1005,0.01741956,0.0123209,0.003378272,0.00008271874,0.00001579656,0.00908354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974459,0.00006962251,0.0007348711,0.000009977087,0.0001642621,0.00002566897,4.98491e-7,0.000009300435,0.001539923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9568948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.364765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903030543","doi":"10.5539/apr.v10n6p90","title":"Kepler´s Ellipse Observed from Newton´s Evolute (1687), Horrebow´s Circle (1717), Hamilton´s Pedal Curve (1847), and Two Contrapedal Curves (28.10.2018)","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Research","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ellipse; Hodograph; Kepler; Eccentricity (behavior); Physics; Curvature; Tangent; Planet; Realm; Geometry; Elliptic orbit; Classical mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Astronomy; Law; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Jiřı́ Stávek","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07264170780230832,"gpt":0.3251472955096244,"spread":0.2525055877073161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007107602,0.0005369278,0.0007812479,0.0001166341,0.001382127,0.0001631473,0.000694098,0.0001697541,0.0008315775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002262923,0.000525602,0.0002177728,0.0007917086,0.001347534,0.0002701416,0.0005250036,0.001476805,0.001643536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001535167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002457207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00323962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008684915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99559,0.0003095112,0.0005988558,0.001176628,0.000868224,0.001456759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971476,0.000777794,0.0001915866,0.000854629,0.0005067408,0.0005216071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002141363,0.003841045,0.04549611,0.000360745,0.00505768,0.00003123678,0.01340061,0.0002252789,0.03766948,0.1055625,0.5233611,0.2628528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01344383,0.001279193,0.0275167,0.0006477349,0.0005804478,0.000001947924,0.003750638,0.005454762,0.02180827,0.1166053,0.8050438,0.003867441],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8422462,0.004843757,0.008766504,0.001093964,0.001037386,0.002768833,0.001028504,0.0003231146,0.1378917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894635,0.0002528322,0.0004444109,0.00009917158,0.003763417,0.0002781315,0.0003306105,0.00009301857,0.005274919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2816826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089280286","doi":"10.1007/s00407-020-00261-0","title":"Before the end of an error: Giovanni Bianchini’s original flawed treatise on the conversion of stellar coordinates","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Astronomer; Philosophy; Table (database); Classics; Epistemology; Mathematics; Calculus (dental); Computer science; Algebra over a field; Theoretical physics; Art history; History; Physics; Pure mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Glen Van Brummelen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02972170227048267,"gpt":0.2463268236536716,"spread":0.216605121383189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002015201,0.0001074358,0.0002254742,0.00003972984,0.0002545381,0.000002629019,0.0003732264,0.00001432982,0.0001448987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001695468,0.00005583516,0.0001536252,0.000113894,0.001809894,0.00007320933,0.00003415156,0.00009823477,0.000002837871],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003087125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001247718,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002030147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007894766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992059,0.00007452358,0.0002184451,0.0001804958,0.0001831025,0.0001375441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992206,0.0003028388,0.0002603554,0.0001280805,0.00003885085,0.00004924327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001894702,0.002068896,0.1015408,0.0004991083,0.001395359,0.000003334082,0.252855,0.00560654,0.01336698,0.4477532,0.08367093,0.08934507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00177313,0.009468243,0.006172086,0.0001749059,0.0003105334,5.423074e-7,0.01457479,0.00873619,0.01698276,0.009920509,0.9314673,0.0004190376],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9671173,0.0006737957,0.001516683,0.002134675,0.0004827042,0.0005530033,0.0002454066,0.0000124409,0.02726396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990171,0.000002226897,0.0004633247,0.00002989269,0.00006077925,0.000007778328,0.000007495216,0.000004194435,0.0004072289],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8477963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.666863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4212933330","doi":"10.15393/uchz.art.2021.616","title":"EXPANSION OF APPANAGES IN THE VOLOGDA PROVINCE IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); History; Humanities; Geography; Art; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Petr Pavlovich Kotov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003719116170455941,"gpt":0.1657199045671018,"spread":0.1620007883966459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001947857,0.00009246789,0.0001854454,0.00005334683,0.0001151916,0.000005454403,0.0003898828,0.00002718434,0.00001223128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009386182,0.00005252863,0.0001008601,0.000450025,0.0001778559,0.0001056158,0.0001207191,0.0002381389,5.902929e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003840263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005124656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003441426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006952161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993296,0.00002919325,0.0001812549,0.000144674,0.0001670128,0.000148322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999501,0.00007962437,0.0001949499,0.00009694204,0.000116057,0.00001138656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000148021,0.0008939166,0.9043453,0.0002695152,0.0001381756,0.000006836277,0.04837745,0.0001186775,0.001275282,0.03766629,0.003616512,0.00314404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002732114,0.0003435967,0.4701591,0.000481714,0.0002073096,0.000002183778,0.4251039,0.0001919508,0.008497746,0.002937306,0.08891828,0.0004247229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843115,0.0001121728,0.00003719954,0.0009537307,0.00004419755,0.0001720777,0.00002313607,0.000002808687,0.01434316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996364,0.00003904481,0.00006667698,0.000009943264,0.00001323024,9.412204e-7,0.000001469255,0.000002544426,0.0002297939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4341861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2142055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2584967213","doi":"10.33137/rr.v39i1.26541","title":"Milton’s <i>Paradise Lost</i>: Previously Unrecognized Allusions to the Aurora Borealis, and a Solution to the Comet Conundrum in Book 2","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renaissance and Reformation","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Allusion; Art; Paradise; Astronomer; Paradise lost; Art history; Humanities; Literature; History; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Clifford J. Cunningham","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0088473445040847,"gpt":0.2206262043757118,"spread":0.2117788598716271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002862015,0.0001575161,0.0002001191,0.00007156016,0.0004945931,0.0000335832,0.0001233025,0.00004919092,0.00002667771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001674189,0.00006946673,0.00004708161,0.0002117769,0.00009759251,0.00024922,0.000106939,0.0001089891,0.00008170347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008285714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002761685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007530585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002462658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990034,0.00008877481,0.0002949734,0.0001967923,0.0001272844,0.0002887413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999463,0.00006995349,0.0001031078,0.0002016464,0.00004925175,0.0001130673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004909278,0.0003294989,0.005744383,0.00008819975,0.0003375777,0.00000276056,0.02441332,0.0003426193,0.005257512,0.03996231,0.4603495,0.4626814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000718322,0.00009787535,0.01004458,0.0001960179,0.00003422888,0.0000017653,0.0001387354,0.0002205475,0.0001436476,0.0003413277,0.9878924,0.0001704919],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7492005,0.02109106,0.04581302,0.1419664,0.0009926744,0.005178643,0.0004951853,0.0001366357,0.03512591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970773,0.0005787437,0.0001147949,0.0002964525,0.0001572194,0.0001250364,0.00002997991,0.000009302286,0.001611134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.527543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.380406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020864816","doi":"10.1016/j.hm.2005.02.001","title":"Al-Kūhī's revision of Book I of Euclid's Elements","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Historia Mathematica","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Mathematics; Calculus (dental); Mathematical economics; Mathematics education; Medicine; Orthodontics","authors":[{"name":"J. L. Berggren","is_ca":true},{"name":"Glen Van Brummelen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008249296096632329,"gpt":0.2387144540340316,"spread":0.2304651579373993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001489328,0.0001294083,0.0003739094,0.00005237398,0.00007132832,0.000002434996,0.0001387722,0.00004504408,0.001802003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001209262,0.0001066404,0.000148856,0.0000926409,0.00006951752,0.00007988229,0.0000486887,0.0001310452,0.000127337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008029737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002622021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001269385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.288726e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989021,0.0000238236,0.0005733099,0.0001458202,0.000196663,0.0001582635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992287,0.00006272548,0.0003317275,0.0002498143,0.00007517969,0.00005191323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006204763,0.001912463,0.001232181,0.0003674102,0.0005945478,8.785751e-7,0.006359482,0.00003860971,0.00309696,0.2625347,0.6709669,0.05283385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003439668,0.00005572972,0.00001394436,0.0001121246,0.0000668457,1.505865e-7,0.00009334116,0.00007186115,0.001791345,0.0009310138,0.9964136,0.0001060895],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.037962,0.009562233,0.0527247,0.003443702,0.002382216,0.001501957,0.0001127217,0.0001432854,0.8921672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9417752,0.00009710481,0.03858839,0.0000743799,0.0005395888,0.00001949884,0.00001557254,0.00003826247,0.01885203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9038132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W586508094","doi":"10.1163/15733823-00202p05","title":"Roman vs. Arabic Computistics in Twelfth-Century England: A Newly Discovered Source (Collatio Compoti Romani et Arabici)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Early Science and Medicine","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arabic; Quarter (Canadian coin); History of science; Classics; Eclipse; History; Literature; Ancient history; Art; Philosophy; Archaeology; Linguistics; Physics; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"C. Philipp E. Nothaft","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01549177205049359,"gpt":0.2556544748581258,"spread":0.2401627028076322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006320106,0.00016618,0.0003192096,0.000145725,0.0002389563,0.00004089702,0.0001896901,0.00003315114,0.00001911843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005180869,0.0001182075,0.00002239876,0.0005577261,0.0006906566,0.0002277764,0.0001011587,0.0002626019,0.00001692268],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009310721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002155794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001617992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004063215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985671,0.00004693209,0.0002651205,0.0003317698,0.0004335694,0.0003555163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992745,0.00007706063,0.00009245941,0.000155379,0.0001091373,0.0002914728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000177319,0.0004667132,0.8535733,0.00002474758,0.00008655193,0.00003130699,0.05250359,0.001807594,0.0004353268,0.03912678,0.007365582,0.04440125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01006891,0.001605826,0.6774274,0.0003931363,0.00009273052,0.000009214208,0.006046494,0.008228307,0.00003388993,0.004366814,0.2910103,0.0007169435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756818,0.0006970945,0.008046793,0.001904631,0.0006020413,0.0002353272,0.000007715786,0.00002553457,0.01279901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987073,0.00001553223,0.0003321001,0.000136052,0.0003192341,0.000005006978,0.000009992787,0.000006923777,0.000467843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2836447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4820363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985604541","doi":"10.1163/157338209x425605","title":"Copernicus's Mereological Vision of the Universe","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Early Science and Medicine","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Eston College","funders":"","keywords":"Copernicus; Mereology; Metaphysics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Commensurability (mathematics); Kepler; Philosophy of science; Harmony (color); Copernican principle; Physics; Mathematics; Astrobiology; Astronomy; Pure mathematics","authors":[{"name":"André Goddu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006394876383790684,"gpt":0.2405761571216126,"spread":0.2341812807378219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000170898,0.00004201662,0.00008791211,0.00002325267,0.0002270633,0.000002647082,0.0001210294,0.00001069866,0.00007397145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001468039,0.00001885158,0.00001516861,0.0002801637,0.0009442317,0.00006733353,0.00004533988,0.0000791266,0.000003438244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009024057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003412213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006843976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.782363e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995418,0.000009754363,0.00007432173,0.00009916653,0.0001752243,0.00009977484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997653,0.00001514073,0.00003442126,0.00007812408,0.00005755002,0.00004941879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004678711,0.000270881,0.1120291,0.00000469002,0.00003493378,0.000002988695,0.009317145,0.00002243732,0.03935472,0.2608676,0.01164652,0.5664023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001280268,0.001432432,0.9224741,0.0001398601,0.00005823197,0.000001423853,0.002841374,0.0001070259,0.00216487,0.008708524,0.06062134,0.0001705357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9237987,0.0001981352,0.0002670625,0.005157193,0.0001729928,0.00007229695,7.073087e-7,0.000005682362,0.07032727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987773,0.00000651394,0.00003710546,0.00007120685,0.00005729803,2.570858e-7,1.128463e-7,4.902692e-7,0.001049688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8104451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3479061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313208871","doi":"10.4103/wsp.wsp_35_22","title":"The Gurū-Chelā Relationship Revisited","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Social Psychiatry","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal; Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Psychology; Work (physics); Psychoanalysis; Engineering; Political science; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Vincenzo Di Nicola","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0101226172001601,"gpt":0.2473849390289249,"spread":0.2372623218287648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002020535,0.000101443,0.0001168099,0.00003882319,0.005476578,0.00002659734,0.0001905929,0.00001554088,0.0005839476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003108658,0.0000816775,0.0001682888,0.0005165033,0.00007486236,0.00003119929,0.00009769969,0.0005783901,0.00006684137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007197751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006828277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003154591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001538273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990959,0.0001409466,0.0002075608,0.0001567943,0.0001701632,0.0002286728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996096,0.00009646569,0.0001077008,0.0001294408,0.00001985849,0.0000368796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001460841,0.00006756004,0.1438024,0.000001597085,0.00008285889,1.202745e-7,0.000458,0.00002374423,5.540243e-7,0.5669903,0.2857728,0.00278542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002431968,0.00001318445,0.02391835,0.000002559073,0.00003625318,9.715002e-8,0.002089685,0.000006924698,2.842908e-7,0.03789876,0.9356632,0.0001274925],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02349829,0.0053686,0.001108799,0.06196066,0.008071199,0.0006472575,0.0001177856,0.0002263938,0.899001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9626006,0.000001260183,0.000122149,0.0001535222,0.001396168,0.00007815134,0.00002443662,0.0000132654,0.03561049],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9391023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4241477503","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v6i0.25913","title":"Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists: The Greek Tradition and Its Many Heirs","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Encyclopedia; Natural (archaeology); Classics; History; Literature; Art; Political science; Law; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Paul Τ. Keyser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Georgia Irby-Massie","is_ca":false},{"name":"William Wians","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03861228721298725,"gpt":0.2629204576411083,"spread":0.2243081704281211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008024451,0.00008551141,0.0001627972,0.00006537489,0.0003501937,0.000007090571,0.0002223719,0.000009604273,0.000002904394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005239121,0.00004588137,0.00002452006,0.0002483661,0.004178809,0.0001623783,0.0000887035,0.0001037374,0.00000140194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009958485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007658859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000581353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004041097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991866,0.0000383865,0.0001986315,0.000161132,0.0002778276,0.0001374552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999512,0.0001045689,0.0001413961,0.00009602365,0.0001123758,0.00003359705],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005759181,0.0004101154,0.03013898,0.0002150705,0.0001643501,0.000005826722,0.796419,0.001029729,0.0004537195,0.1054547,0.03197013,0.03368087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00348201,0.001290262,0.1636552,0.0007553254,0.0004112486,0.00005964196,0.4742773,0.03205591,0.0002179719,0.02248882,0.3000288,0.001277527],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9470134,0.04032526,0.0001464414,0.0003399951,0.0009955993,0.0001564183,0.000003956901,0.000003838132,0.01101506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988738,0.00009396743,0.000222222,0.000026314,0.0000275848,0.00001116476,4.007673e-7,0.000001580786,0.0007429275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3221417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3041831283","doi":"","title":"Astronomical Events Recorded in the Medieval Anglo-Saxon Chronicles","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"History; Anglo saxon; Astronomy; Archaeology; Ancient history; Art; Geology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Robert A. Egler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006890133996215992,"gpt":0.1817498493382542,"spread":0.1748597153420382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003874602,0.00019645,0.0004288325,0.00001642664,0.0002032544,0.00001249573,0.0007057931,0.00005943737,0.0004265333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001311087,0.0001137223,0.0005947387,0.000122451,0.0001570132,0.00006520969,0.0001042069,0.0007803309,0.000002672792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005256322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003352491,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01554885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003255764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981691,0.0001537554,0.0007273689,0.0001463844,0.0003954795,0.000407909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989122,0.0001861608,0.0005261832,0.0001975938,0.00005968012,0.0001182349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001641366,0.0009940723,0.4269837,0.00002851572,0.001338701,0.000001175819,0.001787672,0.08960243,0.00006058471,0.0003965253,0.4504339,0.02820864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007894543,0.0007584368,0.5549272,0.000369887,0.0005045804,0.000004098239,0.009328777,0.03448518,0.0007504354,0.0006694923,0.389328,0.0009794009],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924278,0.0004531783,0.000222059,0.005216213,0.0006187587,0.0001423909,0.00002012039,0.000002034581,0.0008974076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998098,0.000001874846,0.0007612221,0.0000620756,0.0006215291,0.000003886376,0.000001069263,0.00001051244,0.0004398002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1279435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9910067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749804860","doi":"10.18732/h2794c","title":"Notes on Some Sanskrit Astrological Authors","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Science in South Asia","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Astrology; Sanskrit; Arabic; Philosophy; Literature; Classics; Art; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Martin Gansten","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03025424956798837,"gpt":0.259883166547284,"spread":0.2296289169792956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003519219,0.0001269531,0.0002315012,0.000131971,0.0004851063,0.00001595993,0.0006124437,0.0000453568,0.0001700758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006746411,0.00009957128,0.00008537192,0.00007273888,0.003073876,0.0002283324,0.00009928312,0.0002801102,0.00007090296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002800339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001927696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007734154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001223561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988557,0.00002032451,0.0002177806,0.0003240343,0.000266428,0.0003157182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992543,0.00003696523,0.0002074384,0.0003553405,0.00003945727,0.0001064261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001958517,0.001215387,0.7603803,0.00002105903,0.00004535801,0.00001746618,0.03078312,0.0007808895,0.002979197,0.1489799,0.003783641,0.05081782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00293905,0.001699442,0.7412402,0.0002915967,0.00007529196,0.000001002349,0.006240216,0.0008923921,0.001931943,0.01397023,0.2292989,0.001419719],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9043045,0.0002006724,0.0002461058,0.0003671727,0.002053047,0.0001266138,0.00001043359,0.00002043565,0.09267101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974437,5.373768e-7,0.0004719658,0.00001310814,0.00009355728,0.000009250682,5.564867e-7,0.000004241744,0.001963096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2255152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996392,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963811512","doi":"10.1086/669892","title":"Ancient Science in a Digital Age","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Isis","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Visualization; Computer science; Publishing; Data science; World Wide Web; Art; Literature; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Daryn Lehoux","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004964428602716624,"gpt":0.2012796885333135,"spread":0.1963152599305969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003013871,0.00004779459,0.00006603706,0.00004775931,0.00008748114,0.00005621065,0.00009103951,0.000008113,0.0002543021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003879599,0.00003669252,0.00002753363,0.0002627051,0.0001106407,0.0001878717,0.00004869404,0.00006438048,0.000481933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003631151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002067128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001812751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.053482e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995449,0.000001754156,0.0000775042,0.0001195476,0.00007804837,0.0001783002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999833,0.00001017398,0.00001493583,0.00007254603,0.00002256467,0.00004682142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003465313,0.0005124912,0.6024891,0.000004409786,0.00003603666,0.000006711118,0.003269194,0.0001602609,0.00124755,0.01800846,0.01391833,0.360344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001311042,0.0001425285,0.6103366,0.00006825277,0.00001853953,6.961498e-7,0.00440157,0.0008333763,0.001463272,0.01662245,0.36397,0.0008316202],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8667719,0.00003691235,0.0003945766,0.0001244282,0.0001161002,0.00006893052,0.000002769075,0.00000982282,0.1324746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984904,2.735051e-7,0.000115237,0.00001443556,0.00003981371,0.0000173443,0.000001005177,0.000002027873,0.001319488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3595124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6194434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2729850791","doi":"10.1558/jmea.32915","title":"Antikythera Mechanism","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Nothing; Mechanism (biology); Period (music); History; Ancient history; Archaeology; Art; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas David","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01843263164026566,"gpt":0.2710294363088985,"spread":0.2525968046686328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002616765,0.000107128,0.0003153179,0.00007697641,0.0002902361,0.00001163202,0.0004457426,0.00004698347,0.0004924782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002397137,0.00007680387,0.0001656676,0.00001732812,0.0003552184,0.0001323207,0.0001219974,0.0003937632,0.00003188273],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001516727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004048609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002293438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001917779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991834,0.000049932,0.0003235476,0.0000915761,0.000142083,0.0002094358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989631,0.00005477187,0.0005634148,0.0002158986,0.00009303172,0.0001097705],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005730505,0.0007575483,0.1300917,0.00004290753,0.002962455,0.0006878798,0.03246612,0.00006560352,0.003104603,0.4369235,0.01599842,0.3763263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005688432,0.001519496,0.01902285,0.0001714585,0.0002764035,0.000264381,0.001435969,0.0002531096,0.002617131,0.6811683,0.2869964,0.0005860383],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9071156,0.0005257436,0.05593736,0.009555728,0.007229501,0.00011696,0.000008901903,0.00001268215,0.01949752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956298,0.00002653739,0.001651535,0.00004062355,0.001979139,0.000001209412,8.464002e-7,0.000008352781,0.0006619496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3757402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5392291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2318209161","doi":"10.18732/h23w27","title":"The Sanskrit and Arabic Sources of the Praśnatantra Attributed to Nīlakaṇṭha","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of Science in South Asia","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sanskrit; Astrology; Arabic; Ancient history; Philosophy; History; Classics; Literature; Traditional medicine; Art; Linguistics; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Martin Gansten","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008112058359455563,"gpt":0.1982656740373852,"spread":0.1901536156779297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005451561,0.00007973512,0.0001531203,0.00005895108,0.0003035607,0.000006561399,0.0003953187,0.00001873475,0.00001285371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005516559,0.00004528154,0.00004392105,0.0003453899,0.002183166,0.00006074571,0.0001009136,0.0001313729,0.000004021453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001029832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001352948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006878022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007935297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991412,0.00004349386,0.0002137799,0.0001772719,0.0002194328,0.0002048293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994625,0.0000783642,0.00013168,0.0002066333,0.00006260321,0.00005818735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006481157,0.0002110175,0.7983179,0.00003679719,0.00004794521,4.118548e-7,0.08810521,0.0007160986,0.004500983,0.03972764,0.004744181,0.06352698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006567434,0.0001644748,0.2732817,0.0001327566,0.00004237681,6.722074e-7,0.01071473,0.0004728143,0.001581187,0.001259091,0.711379,0.0003144154],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832477,0.0007032208,0.0006110015,0.0003731861,0.0006463029,0.0001791976,0.000008730477,0.00000653321,0.01422412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986655,0.000001049274,0.0001447304,0.00001157967,0.00002643008,0.000006718066,1.439828e-7,0.000002786031,0.001141083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7066348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8043967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089442781","doi":"10.33137/aestimatio.v12i0.29331","title":"Islamic Astronomical Tables: Mathematical Analysis and Historical Investigation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aestimatio Sources and Studies in the History of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Islam; Ptolemy's table of chords; Table (database); History; Longitude; Ancient history; Classics; Geology; Archaeology; Geodesy; Database; Computer science; Latitude","authors":[{"name":"Benno van Dalen","is_ca":false},{"name":"José Chabás","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03296131338639395,"gpt":0.2592338709568682,"spread":0.2262725575704742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006616108,0.0001202368,0.0003193627,0.0001974281,0.0003886121,0.00001153508,0.000196171,0.00002147076,0.00002216583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005557086,0.00007948693,0.00004610975,0.0004989022,0.006767005,0.0001503438,0.0001131973,0.0001179742,0.000003185531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003562478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005843669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002192701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001431709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989994,0.00004761232,0.0002996301,0.0002563458,0.0002057908,0.0001912931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994102,0.0001846488,0.0001393158,0.0001460291,0.00008075359,0.00003910304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004406604,0.0003351563,0.4492937,0.0001491919,0.0008780112,0.00000147752,0.3880516,0.0003357868,0.0005843843,0.1368866,0.007384139,0.01605594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004168096,0.002689365,0.3682595,0.000790144,0.00534159,0.0000247005,0.1670723,0.1283743,0.0006352885,0.2614065,0.05802549,0.003212713],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871628,0.00288944,0.00653892,0.0003549658,0.0002786471,0.00010593,0.000002104999,0.000008454508,0.002658685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954012,0.0000131595,0.003886727,0.00002058535,0.00006093023,0.00001354549,6.973053e-7,0.000002820081,0.0006003025],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2209793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}