{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":879,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":879,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"8549fa613cf8","filters":{"topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies"}},"results":[{"id":"W594098150","doi":"10.1057/9780230596047","title":"Bilingualism: A Social Approach","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":875,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Variety (cybernetics); Perspective (graphical); Linguistics; Sociology; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03840744916036568,"gpt":0.2525204707946241,"spread":0.2141130216342584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002913276,0.0006219953,0.0008302917,0.0002929174,0.0008491877,0.0001566545,0.0003832511,0.0003273387,0.001247507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009613541,0.0005342593,0.0004603504,0.00001438882,0.0008143559,2.20509e-7,0.0001721594,0.0006032224,0.0002078214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000252176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001656071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001849967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005133165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975819,0.00003850059,0.0005957087,0.0005981663,0.0005623791,0.0006233691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998659,0.0001670792,0.0003056824,0.0003665918,0.0003579739,0.0001436817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001987997,0.000001317409,4.295033e-7,0.0001672274,0.0001957552,0.000108714,0.05102357,2.929245e-7,6.005628e-7,0.9397534,0.004224172,0.004504604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001849126,0.00005004573,0.000001177966,0.00003655157,0.0001543184,0.000003078591,0.0009343578,0.00001050565,0.000001029851,0.3557566,0.642267,0.0006003581],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004202147,0.002294016,0.00009836166,0.000007768164,0.001519525,0.0003598988,0.0004071335,0.0002025713,0.9951065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5555096,0.00001050495,0.0001501198,0.0003367468,0.01226895,0.00002561826,0.0002048516,0.0001225379,0.431371],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6380429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1949319147","doi":"10.1525/jlin.2000.10.2.297","title":"The Languages of Native North America","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":695,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Anthropology; Ethnology; Geography; History; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01519850867826373,"gpt":0.285456193914175,"spread":0.2702576852359113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001340693,0.00009430957,0.0003030045,0.0000517422,0.0004179952,0.00001824904,0.0001990597,0.00002095305,0.004096351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001593945,0.00005402487,0.0001127784,0.0000399536,0.001989222,0.00001194915,0.00001743732,0.0001846809,0.00001914178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002674992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000510107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004586364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005940695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990655,0.00006234447,0.0004688123,0.00006817771,0.0001683519,0.0001667672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983694,0.0005216313,0.0003671662,0.0001030024,0.0005953295,0.00004347252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004340852,0.0004639968,0.0006903197,0.00006703482,0.0008109233,0.0006848341,0.3813982,0.00003603433,0.0000107699,0.4674538,0.03543627,0.1125137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001612589,0.0004672104,0.0001223422,0.0000155889,0.00006308864,0.00001371184,0.01276501,0.00001125203,0.00000873812,0.001493334,0.984809,0.00006943558],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08054072,0.02207008,0.0002503936,0.001764998,0.006286026,0.0001448755,0.000111687,0.00002874641,0.8888025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902511,0.001103279,0.0001571937,0.0001006126,0.002702041,7.382428e-7,0.000001437745,0.000009515756,0.005674117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9493728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W592640369","doi":"","title":"Perspectives on formulaic language : acquisition and communication","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":325,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Adjective; Computer science; Noun","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0123675065009699,"gpt":0.2317096392897329,"spread":0.219342132788763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006877651,0.0001600943,0.0001889733,0.00007903375,0.0003949312,0.00009272499,0.00009657087,0.00009936256,0.003595458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004828939,0.0001234948,0.00005481681,0.000004553166,0.0002502321,0.0000255829,0.00005580432,0.0003548043,0.00009511589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007795971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002010839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001383709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001345459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994736,0.00001222617,0.0001227726,0.0001749196,0.0001179226,0.00009852547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994046,0.0001043239,0.00007559028,0.0002661003,0.0001152117,0.00003419315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004914237,0.00001802073,1.177882e-7,0.00002060992,0.00002318446,0.000002957257,0.1055782,1.305182e-8,0.000001837142,0.8502738,0.04273693,0.001339481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009278281,0.00007446765,0.000003555976,0.00005257275,0.00003803914,5.997164e-7,0.01184078,0.000004218669,0.000001422915,0.008398659,0.979314,0.0001788623],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000102716,0.005171463,0.000004345618,0.00013437,0.000211384,0.0001179472,0.00006389789,0.00007305208,0.9941208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02864184,0.0003223682,0.0001243283,0.0002097191,0.001268341,0.000009527206,0.0001296002,0.00002550933,0.9692687],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9365771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W23917084","doi":"10.1123/japa.2012-0283","title":"Language Classification: History and Method","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Journal of Aging and Physical Activity","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":312,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Quantitative linguistics; Historical linguistics; Comparative linguistics; Comparative method; Applied linguistics; Theoretical linguistics; Media linguistics; Clinical linguistics; Computer science; Sociology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05021176925210209,"gpt":0.282616775799964,"spread":0.2324050065478619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001231514,0.0001598019,0.0004589347,0.00007086696,0.0001664619,0.0000289771,0.00006187468,0.00004559278,0.00004138296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005905802,0.000119172,0.0001199946,0.000006403465,0.0002635473,0.00006083327,0.00003395258,0.0005062128,0.000002127399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000178518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009518277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004997191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001128894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993909,0.00004776751,0.000140403,0.0001339944,0.0001903214,0.00009660995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999076,0.0002854651,0.0003425862,0.00008224399,0.0001312905,0.00008238797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075258,0.0004753073,0.000009383661,0.0005342839,0.0005659152,0.0003538937,0.2820134,6.645628e-7,0.0002145166,0.2808727,0.2546663,0.1802183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001270941,0.0001023615,0.00009465126,0.00008734556,0.0001336018,0.00002829149,0.0003152667,0.00006412755,0.000005725454,0.001124545,0.9977624,0.0001546089],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.007257008,0.01327328,0.0001277594,0.0002781809,0.0009524155,0.000059291,0.00003254996,0.00002087282,0.9779986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1955198,0.0008090648,0.0003146392,0.0001169939,0.01033895,0.000001363538,0.000003469885,0.00003469414,0.792861],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7430961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4859692,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251584270","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190845995.001.0001","title":"The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":275,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Racialization; Sociology; Race (biology); Scholarship; Politics; Racism; Indigenous; Gender studies; Reflexivity; Capitalism; Field (mathematics); Social science; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01901454050726095,"gpt":0.1934210739417239,"spread":0.1744065334344629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005490076,0.0002033046,0.0003313693,0.00003915213,0.0006014344,0.00006067145,0.0002862131,0.00008431001,0.00004193826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003992278,0.000158321,0.0001187004,0.000003318477,0.0006633654,0.00001952874,0.0002884736,0.000269281,4.425409e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006317155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006942071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001161391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003318407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992619,0.00002977464,0.000152775,0.0002128298,0.0001724878,0.0001702548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992287,0.00018056,0.0001864025,0.0002145724,0.0001139108,0.00007589986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006794208,0.000005855959,6.199455e-7,0.0001435057,0.0001710982,0.00007562475,0.0371651,1.227566e-7,0.000002350786,0.9037797,0.05408325,0.004504813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002101962,0.00007149703,5.056532e-7,0.000100323,0.0001693535,5.743867e-7,0.002428756,0.000008927524,0.00001057222,0.0002607991,0.9965577,0.0001807921],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002087667,0.00409067,0.00002172579,0.00002839819,0.0002734219,0.0001819233,0.0002429879,0.00004527461,0.9950947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003772044,0.001313699,0.00004048356,0.00004340264,0.0004815583,6.861887e-7,0.00001854087,0.0000226964,0.9977017],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9424744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6456144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W574896041","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521780136","title":"The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Title page; Computer science; History; Art history; Library science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.023477920954693,"gpt":0.1995825860533297,"spread":0.1761046650986367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001233629,0.0003841979,0.0004219255,0.0001118353,0.001686826,0.0002120488,0.0006827579,0.0001282326,0.00001516079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004088613,0.0003217935,0.0002362745,0.00000734133,0.0004956733,0.00003181881,0.000407565,0.0004803117,0.0001270983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005997579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001400291,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006509709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002199461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985167,0.00005453443,0.0002368724,0.0004242752,0.0003365373,0.0004310285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985846,0.0001850472,0.0001695577,0.0005318812,0.0003211304,0.0002077895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002000711,0.000006850769,9.099104e-8,0.00001878008,0.00006606173,0.00004457836,0.0009067824,5.862834e-7,4.744149e-7,0.5128695,0.4849349,0.001131442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002110117,0.00005345909,0.000004696647,0.00007639501,0.0001569158,0.000001704817,0.0004309154,0.00001217937,0.000003403472,0.000002225981,0.9986266,0.0004204547],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002027867,0.0008515827,0.00002781066,0.00008159543,0.001649158,0.0004211961,0.0006122956,0.0001533887,0.9961827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006794686,0.0001016438,0.00001781093,0.0002233228,0.003801562,0.000002598871,0.00006552081,0.00005128343,0.9950568],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5136918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242356560","doi":"10.1017/9781316339732.020","title":"Construction Grammars","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Rule-based machine translation; Computer science; Programming language; Natural language processing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03167678580954827,"gpt":0.1937793729382299,"spread":0.1621025871286816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003738331,0.0002474544,0.0003147285,0.0000871143,0.0009973433,0.0001152743,0.0002964061,0.000133013,0.00006654622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000220706,0.0002646527,0.0001830388,3.916339e-7,0.0009388908,0.00003454381,0.0001706571,0.0002945094,0.00003562863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000128248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004094055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006414891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006756583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992494,0.000009187336,0.0001207427,0.0002866944,0.0001598658,0.0001740899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999029,0.00002941383,0.0002316257,0.0003951141,0.0002275947,0.00008726112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001501143,0.000002857694,1.4425e-7,0.00003764375,0.0001103978,0.0002081311,0.0005821663,3.668892e-8,4.33203e-7,0.9232789,0.07378677,0.001977501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001783783,0.00002841168,3.424304e-7,0.00007133091,0.0002018551,0.000003416548,0.0001488544,0.000002100612,0.000002533284,0.0001261646,0.9989296,0.000306975],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002689867,0.000245762,0.00003130941,0.00000923894,0.001676144,0.0001398767,0.0004529762,0.00009937564,0.9973426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004561811,0.00008860596,0.00005465803,0.0000244744,0.001210181,3.086226e-7,0.0000416892,0.00002963236,0.9980943],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9251429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W151074402","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139173483.010","title":"Language and human nature","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Transformational leadership; Applied linguistics; Word (group theory); Sociology; Philosophy; Psychology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01885783709838227,"gpt":0.2011898201599165,"spread":0.1823319830615343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004279314,0.0002551253,0.0002909652,0.00008879659,0.0005114213,0.00005325179,0.0001641073,0.000227816,0.0000858901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009001502,0.0002559829,0.0001035977,0.000001060532,0.0003985174,0.00003000043,0.0002137241,0.0005565243,0.0000130593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007461356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001147878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004324175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005821781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992984,0.00001111374,0.0001022974,0.0002478844,0.0001394725,0.0002008585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994158,0.00003366289,0.0001033457,0.0002295005,0.0001019991,0.00011569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000755696,0.000005316599,4.640711e-7,0.00006720205,0.00009087971,0.0001488948,0.003975858,4.57828e-9,0.000004723403,0.949112,0.0460229,0.0005642091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001547673,0.00002609038,0.00000381117,0.00005651666,0.0002079736,0.000002238501,0.000533561,2.991146e-7,0.000005824442,0.00001371877,0.9986854,0.0003098661],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001201012,0.004139719,0.000001671617,0.000006186211,0.0004366863,0.0001274187,0.0003930781,0.00009007424,0.9946851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0199402,0.00006256763,0.00001030573,0.00007076584,0.001450677,2.786689e-7,0.00005394116,0.00003503205,0.9783762],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9526624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2203624666","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139626552","title":"Handbook of American Indian Languages","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Grammar; Ethnography; Linguistics; Vocabulary; Anthropology; Colonialism; History; Sociology; Archaeology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01557604379336455,"gpt":0.1941288412210046,"spread":0.17855279742764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003813075,0.0002704652,0.0005349901,0.0001683434,0.0002355836,0.00004194052,0.0003499368,0.00008799111,0.00007123066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002913083,0.0002691255,0.0001946094,0.00000532125,0.001119478,0.00002704004,0.0001905475,0.0002827918,0.00003138647],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001722806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001133982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003992993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000122387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990603,0.00003517747,0.000187411,0.0002744208,0.0002076616,0.0002349865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998885,0.00008553856,0.000323044,0.0003277807,0.0002707642,0.0001078287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001151527,0.0000115122,5.556831e-7,0.0001223296,0.000138348,0.0001205071,0.004495374,6.89279e-8,0.000003100164,0.5811091,0.412525,0.001462588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001674634,0.00008612665,0.000002428032,0.0001793603,0.000156432,9.575805e-7,0.00172239,0.000001445863,0.00003505087,0.0000042425,0.9973456,0.0002985337],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007124221,0.001086102,0.00001280349,0.000004891222,0.0003023021,0.0002211521,0.000689639,0.00007508132,0.9975368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00123003,0.000107726,0.00005094582,0.00005363845,0.0007630363,0.000001233057,0.00007781148,0.00003614075,0.9976794],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5848206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966952270","doi":"10.1075/hl.35.1-2.05tui","title":"The Rise and Fall and Revival of the Ibero-Caucasian Hypothesis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Historiographia Linguistica","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Politics; Relation (database); History; Political science; Ethnology; Genealogy; Law; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02340199192998906,"gpt":0.1934671517491115,"spread":0.1700651598191225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001739976,0.000165358,0.0002448033,0.00007410397,0.001981087,0.00003726172,0.0001847292,0.00003628801,0.00003407924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001810286,0.00009416904,0.0001256864,0.00008891898,0.00221383,0.00001112943,0.00008745505,0.0001536504,0.000002739201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000280131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002442519,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00097707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001339355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989988,0.00005805462,0.0002987104,0.0002107571,0.0002196023,0.0002140514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988136,0.0004226777,0.000142733,0.000314637,0.0002267634,0.00007953075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006005507,0.00009972787,0.006384255,0.0001200385,0.0001713714,0.00004219847,0.06651844,1.352436e-7,0.00001746358,0.8846274,0.03825582,0.003703068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000127297,0.00005055195,0.002671498,0.00002703591,0.00009363261,0.000006906768,0.000502971,0.000005407831,0.000002718955,0.002232929,0.9941474,0.0001316848],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08612604,0.1384391,0.00001414781,0.001408229,0.009259384,0.0006907449,0.0001266088,0.0001490935,0.7637867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886682,0.002411939,0.0002135064,0.0000594384,0.001208764,0.00001227717,3.885829e-7,0.00002156176,0.007403926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9558915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239665152","doi":"10.1075/pbns.68","title":"Diachronic Pragmatics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Pragmatics & beyond. New series","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pragmatics; Linguistics; Subjectification; Context (archaeology); Evidentiality; Set (abstract data type); Sociology; Computer science; History; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01440362996362785,"gpt":0.2201060675073406,"spread":0.2057024375437128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001892802,0.0008429068,0.001178066,0.0002088332,0.0008210638,0.0005091563,0.0005706172,0.0003103529,0.01725292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003172214,0.0007499206,0.0003586888,0.00004825988,0.0006899704,0.0001967265,0.0001978834,0.0008020304,0.001746271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004067844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009242002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001415127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001479946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969907,0.0000573168,0.001032594,0.0005189716,0.0007239422,0.0006765023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977978,0.0003150107,0.0005471361,0.0008047528,0.0002668905,0.0002684248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001230145,0.00004150276,2.649308e-7,0.0003851929,0.0001863529,0.0000367336,0.02961219,0.000003674914,2.545368e-7,0.4894023,0.4771002,0.003219052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002222993,0.0001863417,6.379087e-7,0.0002644332,0.000404877,0.000007776512,0.0006764045,0.00001767521,0.000001948872,0.125849,0.8715907,0.0007779103],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007566537,0.01154463,0.0000531719,0.0004655486,0.002605929,0.0005051101,0.0004068461,0.0003297024,0.9840815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001064072,0.001850511,0.001818907,0.0005820779,0.008235353,0.00004133003,0.0005028898,0.0002113038,0.9866512],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3944905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054904740","doi":"10.1108/00220410910937624","title":"Revisiting “what is a document?”","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Documentation","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Documentation; Originality; Epistemology; Interpretation (philosophy); Value (mathematics); Instrumentalism; Point (geometry); Foundationalism; Computer science; Order (exchange); Sociology; Linguistics; Philosophy; Social science; Qualitative research; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01761342571706066,"gpt":0.2888991013678106,"spread":0.27128567565075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001835096,0.00006253908,0.0001285924,0.0000699565,0.0001548213,0.0003554451,0.0000607706,0.00001059855,0.001631798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005153767,0.00004777788,0.00007978651,0.00002296147,0.00002190795,0.0006091148,0.000005270706,0.00007814371,0.00002328394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006268461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001074009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001267932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002418127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993076,0.00001896925,0.000323144,0.0000519524,0.0002112576,0.00008712758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993747,0.00003065884,0.0002933092,0.00004431776,0.000220119,0.00003684992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008575516,0.00009541215,0.00008059333,0.00004282591,0.0001466278,0.0001040618,0.2255042,0.00001278994,0.0003904749,0.3044354,0.03158817,0.4375138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006829363,0.0004696917,0.0002671437,0.0002401952,0.0001131512,0.00001694846,0.02265852,0.00001234132,0.0002755616,0.02317541,0.9519194,0.0001686799],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2981741,0.04976004,0.001504651,0.035492,0.01034401,0.0005566711,0.00001411595,0.0001065698,0.6040479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906861,0.0006829054,0.0005188035,0.001780278,0.002610877,4.353839e-7,0.00000158835,0.000004737188,0.003714318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9203312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2487875293","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521780136.006","title":"Chomsky and Halle’s revolution in phonology","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Phonology; Generative grammar; Linguistics; Grammar; Theoretical linguistics; Psychology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02453917810424446,"gpt":0.1863527608394543,"spread":0.1618135827352098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000438721,0.0002034818,0.0003058636,0.0001535191,0.0002132152,0.0000233538,0.0001245314,0.0001507027,0.00004247711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001593157,0.0002243995,0.00006679686,0.000001511764,0.0004130683,0.00002561739,0.0001517993,0.0003066098,0.0000122057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001989144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002497231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009785036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007250504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992971,0.00001458916,0.000138,0.0002877583,0.00008670965,0.0001758736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995576,0.00003711113,0.00009497771,0.0001651241,0.00008746637,0.00005769007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002501725,0.00000647931,8.878681e-7,0.00003726569,0.00003935345,0.0001404135,0.001602057,1.867151e-7,8.182326e-7,0.9734976,0.02310675,0.001543197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000291634,0.00003371419,0.0000153545,0.00006902828,0.00006608503,0.000002451882,0.0001861141,0.00001199183,7.029678e-7,0.00003496385,0.9990491,0.0002388186],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000718524,0.001969812,0.000007495251,0.00002632372,0.0003434107,0.0001393996,0.0001322527,0.00004897373,0.9972605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005736148,0.0004947734,0.00002306273,0.00005235994,0.0006580618,4.703655e-7,0.00001982462,0.00002013466,0.9929951],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9759424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9150745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2495979940","doi":"10.1075/cilt.219","title":"Actualization","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series 4, Current issues in linguistic theory","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05686049533880127,"gpt":0.325519609606058,"spread":0.2686591142672567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008115829,0.0008053192,0.001498976,0.000971914,0.0007372003,0.0000961208,0.001364624,0.0001517944,0.0006701525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0282304,0.0006087196,0.0001866889,0.0002321199,0.01902007,0.0001092993,0.0005493858,0.0009181077,0.00002777789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001554957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000680182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008774119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004702826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950316,0.000745354,0.001495862,0.0009865721,0.0009719697,0.0007686439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929598,0.004094951,0.0008546615,0.00091025,0.001072716,0.0001076351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001986888,0.0001046202,0.000005302738,0.0005802219,0.00005274934,0.00008100982,0.3850432,0.000001749693,4.388202e-7,0.6058793,0.006756338,0.001296389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002187569,0.000170625,0.000002845858,0.001150889,0.0001715602,0.000008693714,0.01631356,0.000003599427,5.3663e-7,0.3994556,0.5820863,0.0004170122],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001203687,0.2010013,0.00002375214,0.00002627905,0.02374714,0.0005277313,0.00008478908,0.00006255082,0.7744061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07874813,0.01841942,0.0001060533,0.0002585359,0.008978914,0.0001191185,0.00005849272,0.0001141324,0.8931972],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.57533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2574543785","doi":"10.1111/aman.12824","title":"Dr. Esperanto, or Anthropology as Alternative Worlds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Anthropologist","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistic anthropology; Salient; Variety (cybernetics); Sociology; Politics; Face (sociological concept); Presidential system; Capitalism; Democracy; Anthropology; Linguistics; Social science; Political science; Philosophy; Computer science; Law; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05408046744945866,"gpt":0.3643332838615321,"spread":0.3102528164120734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001069734,0.0002619542,0.0005082802,0.00007819485,0.003318439,0.0002848365,0.0006139156,0.00003204094,0.01866844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001071521,0.0001801953,0.0001155002,0.00003183779,0.1112015,0.00009306739,0.0002220503,0.0002179598,0.0005458482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009114225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005967023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3725107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1428728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985781,0.00006133279,0.0002734883,0.0004181747,0.0001905519,0.0004783036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998515,0.0001517558,0.0004009652,0.0006404666,0.0001758305,0.0001159833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001295202,0.0001631697,0.0005427719,0.000009116937,0.0001370044,0.0005008847,0.01465741,5.176574e-7,0.000003346702,0.9143628,0.04822882,0.02126466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002899985,0.0008737511,0.0001356874,0.00001403985,0.00003874471,0.00001166579,0.07855157,0.00002394879,0.00006825981,0.00104577,0.9186131,0.0003334802],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006057608,0.001412981,0.0002478536,0.03315784,0.006255223,0.0002186657,0.0001515455,0.0002193465,0.9522789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.936396,0.001281428,0.0001752973,0.0009468549,0.002156264,0.00001752368,0.000008176842,0.00003049347,0.05898798],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9303384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235932375","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511975059","title":"Linguistic Relativities","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Misrepresentation; Linguistics; Cognition; Sociology; Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02318963476975384,"gpt":0.1914998675100084,"spread":0.1683102327402546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007204394,0.0003545829,0.0004503555,0.0001470847,0.0007045978,0.0001029218,0.0003710277,0.0002523408,0.00007188223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001459838,0.000372902,0.0002252317,0.000003241017,0.0008412139,0.0000256089,0.0002357939,0.0009537992,0.00004967188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002242769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001820155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004967306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000113039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988682,0.00003195356,0.0001888124,0.0003778541,0.0002404815,0.000292729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987602,0.0001785982,0.0001937528,0.0003983013,0.0003450838,0.0001241117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001265063,0.000008271494,1.085539e-7,0.00007736766,0.00008112993,0.0002445876,0.00438036,5.153337e-8,6.893676e-7,0.7164465,0.2785784,0.0001698819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001842105,0.00004241577,5.198744e-7,0.00009659422,0.0002642612,0.000001928854,0.0002041187,0.000006418168,0.000003562435,0.00005400656,0.9986963,0.0004456368],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000006102895,0.0004365264,0.00002151957,0.000006492152,0.00274104,0.0001889438,0.0006528908,0.0002002998,0.9957462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006072879,0.00003252819,0.00004286202,0.00006637206,0.003598051,9.755569e-7,0.00009670678,0.00005484498,0.9955004],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7201179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1580164336","doi":"10.1093/0199281718.001.0001","title":"Words without Objects","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Plural; Noun; Proper noun; Linguistics; Mathematics; Object (grammar); Mereology; Semantics (computer science); Computer science; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01836809663751994,"gpt":0.2190042922688674,"spread":0.2006361956313474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004052267,0.0002323619,0.0003339504,0.0000734382,0.0002566002,0.00009230004,0.0001167025,0.00008447018,0.008060683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032302,0.0001733355,0.0001249654,0.000005785678,0.0001927049,0.00001232301,0.00004600358,0.0002110456,0.0006237251],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001234419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007877873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004872817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006873379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991887,0.000006357224,0.0002029323,0.0002127861,0.0001996454,0.0001895456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995308,0.00004096005,0.0000819971,0.0001826332,0.0001237981,0.00003984177],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001000537,0.000007733443,5.272667e-7,0.00002286873,0.00002351937,0.00001399009,0.003347799,6.128425e-8,1.662664e-8,0.4419341,0.5543963,0.000252129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006336099,0.00002925368,5.443309e-7,0.00004244089,0.00005866224,3.495959e-7,0.0001400738,0.000001656314,1.384433e-7,0.008509762,0.990891,0.0002627557],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[4.129447e-7,0.001323492,0.00001190877,0.00001879046,0.001624046,0.00009433277,0.0000647904,0.0001445339,0.9967177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008458773,0.00001105583,0.00006840366,0.0002572365,0.008217332,0.000007811087,0.0001109518,0.00004593888,0.9904354],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4364947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9928461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1503357561","doi":"10.1075/hl.39.2-3.08jos","title":"‘All Languages Are Equally Complex’","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Historiographia Linguistica","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Generative grammar; Linguistics; History of linguistics; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05811855108304732,"gpt":0.2744441112581719,"spread":0.2163255601751246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002452839,0.0003021714,0.0003948882,0.0002886163,0.0006411306,0.00008432171,0.0002563806,0.00006678183,0.002934042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001054692,0.0002699986,0.000237726,0.0001167043,0.0004277107,0.00004720693,0.00007571183,0.0002302764,0.0003655601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001329446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000163219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00102374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006856392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982358,0.00005063236,0.0003843563,0.0002833783,0.0003539664,0.0006919198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986257,0.000168905,0.0001916752,0.0003719912,0.0003403395,0.0003013648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001848745,0.0002483747,0.002241928,0.0000596145,0.0001129002,0.00004238469,0.03290578,2.395201e-7,0.00002152245,0.8074948,0.156445,0.0004088778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000178544,0.00004736243,0.00143373,0.00002116494,0.0001296242,0.000002268133,0.00232225,0.000005282967,0.000002431871,0.0004936404,0.9949741,0.0003896012],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001067976,0.01125534,0.0001018355,0.0002338727,0.008137773,0.0001762218,0.0001543328,0.0004523222,0.9784203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9766223,0.00006101219,0.000984595,0.0009256965,0.01217589,0.00002772636,0.0000563371,0.00005650539,0.009089902],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9755543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2427008406","doi":"10.3366/nfs.2016.0145","title":"<i>Les Chroniques de langage</i> and the Development of Linguistic Purism in Québec","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nottingham French Studies","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metalanguage; Newspaper; Promotion (chess); Period (music); Linguistics; Publication; History; Humanities; Sociology; Media studies; Political science; Art; Philosophy; Politics; Law; Aesthetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0388891349763723,"gpt":0.2754305658561539,"spread":0.2365414308797816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004932741,0.000124055,0.0002896407,0.00004636318,0.0003874062,0.00001520226,0.00009219077,0.0000203687,0.00005171016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001555895,0.00005911019,0.0000353476,0.00002246776,0.000779404,0.00001354518,0.0001037888,0.00008201204,0.000002964905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001196465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006603799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0109772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1006289,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991847,0.00005821123,0.0003170797,0.0001386182,0.0001132256,0.0001881606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988942,0.0007354795,0.0001045586,0.00009329514,0.0001514921,0.00002104757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001556037,0.00004531674,0.003649449,0.0001320674,0.0001176181,0.000008336216,0.8771487,1.337242e-7,0.00003965311,0.06521135,0.002738492,0.05089327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00137723,0.00006409895,0.003545734,0.0004921792,0.00005997111,0.000001260796,0.01284681,0.000007430495,0.000329174,0.006178881,0.9748101,0.000287111],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.463485,0.1263172,0.0003450806,0.003592856,0.001152176,0.0005907586,0.00004218912,0.0001797632,0.4042949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943121,0.0003628746,0.0008128265,0.00006851027,0.00037028,0.00004408809,4.082283e-7,0.000008897544,0.004019991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9720716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2461681540","doi":"10.33137/rr.v31i3.11626","title":"Observations on Milton’s Accents","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renaissance and Reformation","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scholarship; Etymology; Hebrew; Rhythm; Meaning (existential); Linguistics; History; Literature; Philosophy; Art; Political science; Epistemology; Aesthetics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04450321901010957,"gpt":0.2523734512703327,"spread":0.2078702322602231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000357642,0.00005450582,0.00006334141,0.00003156955,0.0003466626,0.00004183438,0.0000313451,0.00001491167,0.00004443015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003097298,0.00003615397,0.00001665525,0.00001822052,0.00003308857,0.0001041736,0.000004759544,0.00004532235,0.00002727935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002177635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002919072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002033848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002673799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996744,0.000005289657,0.0001027798,0.00006132293,0.00007703833,0.00007918877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998182,0.000007846768,0.00003845514,0.00006279878,0.00004955987,0.00002314562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001323395,0.00005490785,0.00006758881,0.00001796848,0.000008485201,0.000001605815,0.02136755,0.000005277678,0.00004055542,0.9254327,0.02883881,0.0241513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001339329,0.0001058226,0.007890331,0.00003828366,0.000006398548,3.946201e-7,0.0004888607,0.000104988,0.00003722212,0.00249801,0.9886069,0.00008890062],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1042956,0.001093251,0.00006448045,0.002070108,0.000647567,0.0001451342,0.00001880016,0.0001058084,0.8915592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958761,0.0001061005,0.00004961324,0.0007346304,0.0003738088,0.000002790418,0.00001801965,0.000002396486,0.002836491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9597681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2666284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112296121","doi":"10.7557/12.3411","title":"Reductio ad discrimen: Where features come from","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nordlyd","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Construct (python library); Phonology; Universal grammar; Grammar; Contrast (vision); Set (abstract data type); Variety (cybernetics); Variation (astronomy); Construction grammar; Reductio ad absurdum; Computer science; Philosophy; Interpretation (philosophy); Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04107996255906895,"gpt":0.2548399513390308,"spread":0.2137599887799618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000487929,0.0001087012,0.0001582047,0.00002599092,0.0002151456,0.00009058286,0.0001133889,0.0000284222,0.001752868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001132303,0.00008421325,0.00004913354,0.00001854276,0.0001380535,0.00004164957,0.00004618955,0.0001206701,0.0002701655],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005244464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000216504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004075173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006716377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993752,0.00001907408,0.0001190963,0.0001625806,0.0001678592,0.0001562126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995298,0.00003122665,0.00003885413,0.0001717249,0.0001320959,0.00009628327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002778801,0.00008103647,0.0001023332,0.00001000175,0.00006635698,0.00003162396,0.09295507,0.000001279407,0.00003381555,0.1330888,0.7707632,0.002838718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001805057,0.00005151654,0.0001098277,0.00001139239,0.00002497973,5.949637e-7,0.007470498,0.000002549081,0.0000155107,0.004523322,0.9874753,0.0001339426],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009437189,0.01418022,0.00001263468,0.001230584,0.004560171,0.00009054215,0.00020242,0.0001273441,0.9701589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8601421,0.00003572378,0.0003080936,0.0002829094,0.003767656,0.00001038408,0.00005506696,0.00002076065,0.1353773],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.850705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253607732","doi":"10.1075/slcs.135","title":"Semantics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Semantics (computer science); Programming language; Linguistics; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06187559042660967,"gpt":0.2997419058697793,"spread":0.2378663154431696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001576575,0.000534652,0.001075985,0.0002398799,0.0003973409,0.0001175824,0.000315071,0.0001309598,0.002417665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003485387,0.0004355635,0.0001727076,0.00004154726,0.001344344,0.0001103876,0.0003745174,0.0005174124,0.0005629626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003585028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006849765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001930191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003227132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981105,0.00005224834,0.0006086188,0.0004411369,0.0003534135,0.0004340235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986559,0.0002215932,0.0002476571,0.0004296474,0.0003849511,0.00006032335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007349614,0.00002861977,0.000004102082,0.0004389895,0.0002187208,0.0001844658,0.1976961,8.498803e-7,0.000001137795,0.4044545,0.3963925,0.0005726776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001655935,0.00007394389,0.000004341276,0.0004545022,0.0000693814,0.00000501214,0.05090226,0.000002664674,0.000002358875,0.006639849,0.9411719,0.0005081305],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001644352,0.05899166,0.000001865572,0.0001816257,0.00529778,0.0003446736,0.0001382538,0.0001790804,0.9347006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006035176,0.002242069,0.0001306524,0.0002427683,0.004371352,0.00007005626,0.0001167755,0.00008562488,0.9867055],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5447795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998485313","doi":"10.1080/10609164.2014.917540","title":"Colonialism in the periphery: Spanish linguistic policy in New Granada, c. 1574–1625","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Colonial Latin American Review","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Bespoke; Indigenous; Colonialism; Linguistics; Quarter (Canadian coin); History; Discipline; Language policy; Colonial period; Sociology; Political science; Law; Social science; Philosophy; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0209659562513986,"gpt":0.2802790533733749,"spread":0.2593130971219763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005444782,0.0002316055,0.000703332,0.00009610604,0.0002910925,0.00009326213,0.0003800174,0.00002591788,0.0004977435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003609109,0.0001659338,0.0001156075,0.0003664089,0.0005391278,0.00002022471,0.00005832762,0.0002935129,0.0000627332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001575981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002275506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07903156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1119825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982032,0.0003155353,0.00052713,0.0002867312,0.0002663107,0.0004011138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988823,0.000402199,0.0002270499,0.0003193652,0.00007836032,0.00009071451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002404265,0.0001736426,0.0008649815,0.0005638139,0.00002143832,0.00007653541,0.05400726,0.000002918982,0.000001313496,0.8209073,0.04748737,0.0758694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002150746,0.0002266172,0.002527059,0.0005240394,0.00003768079,0.000001383663,0.0002304128,0.00002918694,7.809896e-8,0.001409144,0.9945825,0.0002168698],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007997799,0.06628957,0.00004050829,0.02802148,0.001893112,0.001960892,0.00007664326,0.0001310518,0.893589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698601,0.005042594,0.000255163,0.01494156,0.004180294,0.00008031717,0.00001690546,0.00003595719,0.005587097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9618623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9271013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W26677252","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-444-51621-3.50010-4","title":"The History of Categorical Logic: 1963–1977","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Handbook of the history of logic","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Categorical variable; History; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07121552741908793,"gpt":0.2144862385476292,"spread":0.1432707111285413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003587097,0.0003893166,0.0008781192,0.0001024803,0.0002402625,0.000004419522,0.0007439395,0.0002085408,0.003661101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001935272,0.0002200645,0.0006552487,0.000007710147,0.003834003,0.00002428926,0.0002286398,0.0004511493,0.00005349201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001830376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003454241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004242771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004239958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980256,0.00006559169,0.0008208284,0.0002632745,0.0005345809,0.0002901198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971472,0.0003333247,0.001256598,0.0007640778,0.0004262133,0.00007260121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004110502,0.00005402336,0.00000117976,0.0001688843,0.0001218622,0.000004136937,0.01247986,6.333711e-7,0.00004746307,0.6380389,0.3480935,0.0009483899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001474032,0.0001478738,0.000002507309,0.0001732608,0.0003036284,0.000002111157,0.0001157313,0.000001348949,0.000007056613,0.02373008,0.9751193,0.0002496885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001147895,0.3079278,0.00001388377,0.00005839644,0.01010081,0.0001705161,0.00003818881,0.00001763252,0.6816716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005090174,0.002591616,0.00005642265,0.0001763114,0.001101643,0.00001070936,0.000007946485,0.00004927486,0.9909159],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6270258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2322398879","doi":"10.1515/sem-2013-0092","title":"A necessary condition for proof of abiotic semiosis","year":2013,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Semiotica","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Semiosis; Sign (mathematics); Biosemiotics; Action (physics); Epistemology; Abiotic component; Semiotics; Organism; Order (exchange); Philosophy; Ecology; Biology; Mathematics; Physics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01701019688337703,"gpt":0.2529975845057369,"spread":0.2359873876223599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001509837,0.0002272327,0.0004795713,0.00008878908,0.0003633432,0.0001535514,0.0001595349,0.0001077016,0.002248223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006940031,0.0001907533,0.0002038472,0.00004289522,0.0004072372,0.00007251687,0.00005794428,0.0001396954,0.0000744797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005574953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004458348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003932692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000296574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986531,0.00004265504,0.0004930119,0.0002701266,0.0001947459,0.0003464006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998357,0.0004918916,0.0002265097,0.0002419229,0.0005868218,0.0000958434],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004090257,0.0006057359,0.0003517627,0.003432656,0.000453213,0.00000462165,0.0235501,0.000009544444,0.0006492221,0.8266599,0.1391992,0.005043165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000874017,0.001021611,0.000979351,0.0009298694,0.0006646406,0.000001773734,0.004317147,0.002422296,0.001734018,0.01484597,0.9715194,0.0006899496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1969031,0.02365496,0.001419018,0.009804061,0.00729483,0.007338562,0.004592701,0.0003048564,0.7486879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908036,0.00008004272,0.0003426364,0.0002204934,0.001230348,0.00006527713,0.00006237799,0.00003544665,0.007159801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8323202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973173833","doi":"10.1017/9781316827437.007","title":"China, c. 600–c. 1700","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Empire; Scholarship; China; Period (music); Unification; History; Lexicography; Ancient history; History of China; Literature; Art; Linguistics; Political science; Law; Philosophy; Archaeology; Computer science; Aesthetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0231549630103713,"gpt":0.1830006729550493,"spread":0.1598457099446781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004616901,0.0003493385,0.0004470744,0.0001222707,0.0004251508,0.00007299344,0.0003507612,0.0001615409,0.0002341026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001466981,0.000359204,0.000254561,0.000001606719,0.0003717939,0.00003144067,0.0002571288,0.0004083848,0.0001940381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001735091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006695574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008620868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000408043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99895,0.00001408475,0.0001633916,0.0003914977,0.0002290091,0.0002520351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990946,0.00003631172,0.0001671993,0.000415295,0.0001828403,0.0001037233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002122107,0.000006565921,1.253426e-7,0.0000718685,0.0001300621,0.0001842905,0.001357163,2.497101e-7,6.137071e-7,0.8368405,0.1609647,0.0004226857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002423092,0.00005733211,0.000003544239,0.00009008436,0.000205951,0.00000160169,0.0001421521,0.000007252193,0.000002479967,0.00002376688,0.9987811,0.0004424298],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001089726,0.000535628,0.00001697767,0.00001494535,0.001480105,0.0002367498,0.0006730165,0.0001305507,0.9969012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00216424,0.0000741788,0.00001369557,0.0000755958,0.001198156,2.914251e-7,0.00006469697,0.00005314801,0.996356],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8378164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1650787986","doi":"10.3917/ela.167.0285","title":"Médiation et apprentissage des langues : pourquoi est-il temps de réfléchir à cette notion ?","year":2012,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Éla Études de linguistique appliquée","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02209995491737168,"gpt":0.2818185399604126,"spread":0.2597185850430409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001219214,0.0005366883,0.000518379,0.0001434001,0.0009063751,0.000300196,0.0003008136,0.0003253646,0.0005313807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001851106,0.0005559041,0.0002549607,0.0001208771,0.0005435555,0.0001564445,0.0001652464,0.0006778956,0.0002333936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007052509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002190895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007525673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004745534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970986,0.0002881517,0.0005943776,0.0004356158,0.0003464288,0.001236881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979998,0.0005281067,0.0003090377,0.0003741147,0.0003830989,0.0004058441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003875832,0.0005919116,0.003318142,0.0005586107,0.0001748047,0.00006327629,0.0532218,0.00005753856,0.0002481024,0.9305671,0.007179362,0.003980562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003586229,0.0001330978,0.00398439,0.000303642,0.0003272059,0.00002581985,0.003486467,0.0002709276,0.0002397418,0.01154328,0.9786242,0.0007025657],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.146935,0.1143838,0.01516867,0.003167804,0.006770937,0.001194555,0.001025657,0.0008517797,0.7105018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9527847,0.001668678,0.008769969,0.0008145659,0.01286685,0.0001328249,0.0001522948,0.000122347,0.02268775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9714449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399880678","doi":"10.4000/11vf6","title":"Rhétorique philosophique et fondement de la dialectique ","year":2006,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Philosophie antique","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Humanities","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01962870268415039,"gpt":0.2787644960555947,"spread":0.2591357933714443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001123931,0.0006358909,0.000651154,0.0002349854,0.0009185937,0.0003502772,0.0003493393,0.0004529052,0.001098581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004115338,0.0006536561,0.0003822316,0.000145042,0.001269078,0.0001887143,0.000160361,0.001059294,0.0001784761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005544616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000296898,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01112877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001740748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965612,0.0008465151,0.000743421,0.0006410577,0.0003587074,0.0008490775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979829,0.0007399134,0.000278669,0.0004466802,0.0003375742,0.0002142491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003579294,0.0008210551,0.0002323964,0.0002749169,0.0001465251,0.0005680611,0.00347835,0.00006336989,0.0002096616,0.954871,0.03898985,0.0003090279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003284805,0.0001468639,0.0002224381,0.0001577762,0.00009757416,0.00002962558,0.00007401832,0.00003821445,0.0002052136,0.4238771,0.574357,0.0004656649],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003028903,0.03470186,0.001094175,0.05134121,0.00268667,0.0004680571,0.0002603832,0.0002391485,0.9061796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9297488,0.005607091,0.0007915035,0.003587034,0.02770195,0.0001145717,0.00006744031,0.0001468204,0.03223483],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9267198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063937553","doi":"10.7202/027399ar","title":"Searle versus Derrida ?","year":2007,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Philosophiques","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Humanities; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2390700314162988,"gpt":0.3588017435132868,"spread":0.119731712096988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003729328,0.0002553269,0.0002759377,0.00009790564,0.0006877838,0.0001107727,0.0001661892,0.0001092693,0.002397613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003393995,0.0002494136,0.0001568964,0.00004284125,0.000643989,0.00008846924,0.00008557668,0.0002982448,0.0005802371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002326662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003250518,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002018255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001470769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985352,0.00003828594,0.0003444848,0.0002819931,0.0002581484,0.0005419509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988795,0.0003288955,0.0000916455,0.0002309877,0.0002795657,0.0001894249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001186245,0.0001404104,0.00002208563,0.00008407029,0.0001157291,0.0002109603,0.008559049,4.826842e-7,0.000004836004,0.9357654,0.04990822,0.005070067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003715242,0.0002894686,0.00005447686,0.00006673648,0.00009377057,0.000001990801,0.0008264218,0.000008960545,0.00005869801,0.02824135,0.9696761,0.0003104588],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001143725,0.1255381,0.0001004194,0.01206355,0.009454614,0.000122309,0.0001111087,0.0001332005,0.851333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8765798,0.002092679,0.0006190367,0.00188507,0.05993016,0.000007620487,0.00002507039,0.00006978249,0.05879076],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9197679,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048292076","doi":"10.4000/rursus.561","title":"Les lettres et les mots : Édition des deux premiers chapitres des  Montanicæ linguæ elementa de Jean-Baptiste de la Brosse, s.j. (c. 1768)","year":2011,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Rursus","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05097395615178053,"gpt":0.2836258286717234,"spread":0.2326518725199428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005425028,0.0004165366,0.0003713573,0.0001151407,0.001943325,0.0002798888,0.000290004,0.0002220841,0.002606775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008572447,0.0004122979,0.0002158218,0.00006706909,0.002139116,0.0001333563,0.0001127226,0.0004325607,0.00004073392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005080117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008281442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07974169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05248669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977802,0.0003230362,0.000434385,0.0003911944,0.0002486627,0.000822538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985842,0.0005025956,0.0001956214,0.0002637,0.0002310047,0.000222907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001903831,0.0006691953,0.008465044,0.000636716,0.0004513917,0.0004364928,0.1711393,0.00004024123,0.0003002083,0.7391794,0.01719578,0.0612959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008245172,0.000572727,0.01367472,0.0006871661,0.0004624031,0.00003003158,0.01942008,0.0002001922,0.000785687,0.01706824,0.9454972,0.0007769912],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2664887,0.1557562,0.001116528,0.0002962158,0.001700288,0.0004436248,0.0007561685,0.0002642628,0.5731781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9371662,0.008061359,0.004033275,0.0001330216,0.001767778,0.00006726871,0.00004344522,0.00009092066,0.04863679],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9283015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250168599","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652627.001.0001","title":"Eloquence Embodied","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of North Carolina Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Colonialism; Embodied cognition; Nonverbal communication; History; Ethnology; Aesthetics; Sociology; Art; Communication; Archaeology; Ecology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02803815154868515,"gpt":0.1875223394093984,"spread":0.1594841878607133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003886945,0.0002312168,0.0004850892,0.00008679519,0.0002594755,0.00001303711,0.0003863124,0.00009801651,0.0002702842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001774902,0.0002503305,0.0002133114,0.000002582133,0.0005169834,0.00001997795,0.0001833508,0.0002815363,0.00004842609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000115551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001562396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003123993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01026273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990902,0.00002046963,0.0001639355,0.0002819423,0.0002483854,0.0001950688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989238,0.00006847842,0.0002522112,0.000338219,0.00035195,0.00006527558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009229704,0.00003845174,0.00008310545,0.0007702521,0.000435736,0.0002621075,0.05629798,0.00001987721,2.467942e-7,0.6658778,0.2733672,0.002754892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001952015,0.00007032132,0.00004517779,0.00008956539,0.0002037978,5.300327e-7,0.00009332442,0.000008178312,5.806888e-7,0.0003243389,0.9987002,0.0002687778],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006813186,0.0005355437,0.000009804621,0.000003205,0.000658564,0.0002029024,0.0004996575,0.00005385673,0.9979683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007992613,0.00007122045,0.00004627002,0.00003027696,0.0005180492,1.965643e-7,0.00007023767,0.00002330818,0.9912478],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.725333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040891756","doi":"10.1051/cmlf/2010218","title":"Un aperçu des structures inaccusatives en français médiéval","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"2ème Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0127300765916107,"gpt":0.2646197859460597,"spread":0.251889709354449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006838383,0.0009106166,0.0009807567,0.0002970553,0.002376083,0.0006737557,0.0007611437,0.0007537498,0.01058562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01054675,0.0008996337,0.0005040418,0.0001975332,0.00342289,0.0001752541,0.0002787728,0.002151061,0.0004198302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000177743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003200838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03719513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01759666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959976,0.0003471462,0.000930273,0.0008614134,0.0005112314,0.001352335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959769,0.001028175,0.0003124841,0.0006595547,0.001387818,0.0006351001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001442147,0.0003236168,0.004385844,0.0003963047,0.0003403021,0.0008090679,0.1913147,0.00001093053,0.0008078725,0.7757664,0.005876724,0.01982404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000957145,0.0002589015,0.0131323,0.000149346,0.0003423908,0.00003132254,0.001418589,0.0002069558,0.0004412475,0.02665737,0.9553228,0.001081636],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.493049,0.08424778,0.0004427013,0.001553862,0.03292521,0.0009529617,0.001770371,0.0005315395,0.3845266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9353583,0.0008592197,0.00405355,0.0004098352,0.0235037,0.00007132688,0.00006219212,0.000173779,0.03550807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9494461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993454,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088023487","doi":"10.3366/tal.2010.0004","title":"Anna Jameson in Germany: ‘A.W.’ and Women's Translation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Translation and Literature","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"German; Reflection (computer programming); History; Literature; Art; Art history; Archaeology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01432958446929701,"gpt":0.2248464807369465,"spread":0.2105168962676495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000895196,0.00009005761,0.0001061024,0.00007848595,0.0001298554,0.0001301576,0.00002189113,0.00005838098,0.0002186353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001013762,0.00007370213,0.0000159345,0.00003936385,0.00007441956,0.00009822038,0.000002361243,0.0002210457,0.000001752352],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004336514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003944432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002115575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006573587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995542,0.00001424524,0.0001207066,0.0001327696,0.00006407854,0.0001139856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998159,0.00003467481,0.00001949812,0.00005097096,0.0000326783,0.00004624395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004746334,0.00003826168,0.0003013611,0.00009103348,0.00001010657,0.00001553697,0.6875702,3.318088e-7,0.0006552503,0.1799702,0.0001314412,0.1311688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005017093,0.0000376983,0.002409336,0.00002928248,0.000007071821,0.000002677737,0.001315772,0.0004128678,0.000004156816,0.002033395,0.9930981,0.0001478913],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8513115,0.01871026,0.0000371016,0.001747256,0.0008168609,0.0002758309,0.000101949,0.00008578668,0.1269135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980516,0.0001063692,0.0001862152,0.0001760864,0.0003461936,0.000008354979,0.00002031383,0.000007453904,0.001097341],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9929667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3005486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1567733400","doi":"10.7202/1015114ar","title":"Le latin comme outil de grammatisation des langues « sauvages » en Nouvelle-France : à propos des notes du P. Louis André sur la langue algonquine outaouoise (introduction, édition du texte latin et traduction)","year":2013,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Tangence","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02105292638068183,"gpt":0.2262939616970703,"spread":0.2052410353163884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004618923,0.000328682,0.0003509914,0.00008864714,0.001189125,0.0003280921,0.0001745821,0.0001266459,0.001937612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001538561,0.000311368,0.0001064945,0.0001240193,0.001134318,0.0004268065,0.00005741322,0.0002681654,0.0002410107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001689268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000886515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05890586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01036932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981564,0.000333928,0.0004396447,0.0003824237,0.0002503089,0.0004372784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983243,0.0004664238,0.0002172559,0.0002418854,0.0006286369,0.0001214606],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005239212,0.001011282,0.009752546,0.001135007,0.0002559875,0.00007243293,0.3717392,0.0004262702,0.001846189,0.3558695,0.1173689,0.1404703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006659912,0.0002933829,0.04717022,0.0003300385,0.0001638034,0.00004473004,0.01115195,0.001784044,0.0005155031,0.009611231,0.927534,0.0007350693],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7622527,0.05306931,0.02875841,0.07267154,0.006478065,0.002380509,0.001333856,0.0009484103,0.07210723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9480314,0.002862948,0.004359542,0.0002433091,0.006218538,0.0001276133,0.000173184,0.00006196745,0.0379215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8101652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W148448019","doi":"10.3406/alma.2012.1122","title":"Accessus ad Priscianum. De Jean Scot Erigène à Létald de Micy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autograph; Brother; Quarter (Canadian coin); Art; Diversification (marketing strategy); Art history; Humanities; History; Sociology; Anthropology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03655562512081309,"gpt":0.2823555609112018,"spread":0.2457999357903888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004350877,0.0002310781,0.0003083398,0.0001068868,0.0005867378,0.00009860103,0.0002693549,0.00004151726,0.002369253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001691362,0.0001942438,0.0001073369,0.00005874968,0.000344423,0.000135694,0.0001269385,0.000285834,0.0002599992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007865549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006910445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006279097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001815137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982406,0.0001251343,0.0003485819,0.0002121061,0.0002793056,0.0007942417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984337,0.0007718298,0.0001332338,0.000243394,0.00008589555,0.0003319661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005017631,0.000335816,0.005056992,0.0002199619,0.0001958273,0.00007556312,0.5124061,0.000004712828,0.0002802905,0.3424332,0.07105283,0.06788845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000333458,0.0001123376,0.004175636,0.00007847316,0.00008218476,0.000005475076,0.003955976,0.0001082725,0.00006396756,0.006415938,0.9843106,0.0003576771],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07800388,0.008878398,0.001204997,0.002277154,0.003671927,0.0004499972,0.0002927253,0.0003173038,0.9049036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9749385,0.0001821375,0.007218693,0.0009582716,0.003226729,0.00004717023,0.00004872747,0.00005226287,0.01332756],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9132578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900039746","doi":"10.1075/sfsl.76.02pop","title":"Categories of grammar and categories of speech","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in functional and structural linguistics, SFSL","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Rule-based machine translation; Grammar; Context (archaeology); Meaning (existential); Mainstream; Natural language processing; Subject (documents); Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; History; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05112535884501308,"gpt":0.2619947484436188,"spread":0.2108693895986057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001398793,0.0003982005,0.0009131785,0.0001764693,0.0003484137,0.00002433125,0.00009051428,0.0001104669,0.0005276324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001799132,0.0003068641,0.00009625401,0.00001871712,0.004218881,0.00001422777,0.0002262251,0.000265149,0.000002801434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005598707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000441215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005168242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001956006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983881,0.00001305614,0.0006953089,0.0003769496,0.0003135092,0.000213102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975215,0.0003183661,0.000367718,0.000162241,0.001578081,0.00005207389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008722729,0.000005227644,0.0001582263,0.0005729072,0.0003902202,0.00002085863,0.0155309,6.052373e-7,0.000001077458,0.9747493,0.007643591,0.0008399151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002152555,0.0002268211,0.0001279668,0.0001597692,0.000165174,0.000004529828,0.003430088,0.000005476468,0.000006308506,0.3152207,0.6801279,0.0003099904],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002267428,0.04805334,0.000003176306,0.00009054286,0.01276526,0.0002738156,0.0009315202,0.00003780399,0.9355771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6481898,0.005170417,0.000507065,0.0001131748,0.01118385,0.000009956458,0.0001543277,0.00007195608,0.3345994],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6724843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562550865","doi":"10.1515/cogsem-2016-0002","title":"Diagrams of the past: How timelines can aid the growth of historical knowledge","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Semiotics","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Timeline; Diversity (politics); Semiotics; Epistemology; Discernment; Sensemaking; Cognitive science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Sociology; History; Human–computer interaction; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02916296557070275,"gpt":0.2301589229851058,"spread":0.2009959574144031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001407356,0.0001342074,0.0002473272,0.00003037608,0.0002455895,0.00001297042,0.0002242823,0.00003457139,0.00009661721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002209287,0.00005500975,0.0001480467,0.00006473179,0.0007378259,0.00001636787,0.0001184413,0.0001005881,0.000007670013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009065629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003838822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001173271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007012592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992114,0.0000852218,0.0002233497,0.0001336409,0.0001759635,0.0001704318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977031,0.0009366719,0.0001760865,0.0001641001,0.0009827485,0.0000373408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001048245,0.0009181959,0.0218737,0.000452052,0.000614284,0.0000128513,0.1493795,2.396239e-7,0.0006487938,0.6166207,0.1772994,0.03207543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001534516,0.0005075252,0.004691091,0.0008791936,0.0008139341,0.000003039901,0.009633801,0.00002894113,0.004635769,0.007315997,0.9692917,0.0006645185],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1729212,0.02598851,0.003009267,0.03325564,0.01874119,0.00207727,0.002606381,0.0002249546,0.7411755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742206,0.00007803895,0.00001349856,0.00009426792,0.001339506,0.000005208618,0.000002172272,0.00001517749,0.02423158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8012993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.271855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166761864","doi":"10.7202/009381ar","title":"Breve historia de la secretaría de interpretación de lenguas","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meta Journal des traducteurs","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; State (computer science); Political science; Service (business); History; Linguistics; Art; Philosophy; Business; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02517124534689177,"gpt":0.25729097165415,"spread":0.2321197263072583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008754031,0.0002243055,0.0003729681,0.0001168816,0.0006872778,0.0002712706,0.0002708356,0.00006113552,0.001083388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006850059,0.0001755631,0.000361319,0.00004712893,0.0004874617,0.0001140378,0.00002514376,0.0005847794,0.00002189234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008133813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001929757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007081778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004445044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985852,0.0002359418,0.0003191048,0.0001672395,0.0002056543,0.00048682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991738,0.0001530449,0.0001286868,0.0001456724,0.0001438951,0.0002549324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001104577,0.0003937778,0.0003783247,0.0001331186,0.002536026,0.001723447,0.2400811,0.0002769551,0.001163763,0.7164407,0.01221937,0.02454298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003821035,0.0001357651,0.0002338192,0.00004646222,0.0008425497,0.0005372335,0.000904538,0.00001089456,0.0001288001,0.08905509,0.9074785,0.0002442885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2803085,0.3984769,0.04952799,0.001672289,0.008423682,0.0003286779,0.0001093909,0.000368425,0.2607842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9787281,0.004424828,0.005554393,0.0005920206,0.003715663,0.00001075157,0.000002666705,0.00005764516,0.006913986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8952591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247027021","doi":"10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.42","title":"Semantic Compositionality","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"reference-entry","venue":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of compositionality; Semantics (computer science); Computer science; Cognitive semantics; Linguistics; Cognitive science; Cognitive linguistics; Semantic property; Cognition; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Psychology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08207660101032987,"gpt":0.3465318889212048,"spread":0.264455287910875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009168968,0.000420985,0.0008984167,0.0004499544,0.0007559721,0.0001017395,0.0006991079,0.0002858395,0.003067706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01287981,0.0003064578,0.0002739005,0.0001152654,0.001550124,0.00001694018,0.0004306407,0.001208277,0.0001550077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002660192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006089094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006747872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006183893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957405,0.0002670783,0.0008980079,0.0005598041,0.001702072,0.0008325772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9921035,0.001899635,0.0003459431,0.0006411608,0.004769153,0.0002405718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003669729,0.0002145685,0.00004855029,0.001360511,0.0001794661,0.00009189147,0.003246514,1.471987e-7,7.080001e-8,0.4647537,0.5087682,0.02129965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002105374,0.000194197,0.0000121441,0.001052597,0.0000936985,7.617714e-7,0.0003345723,0.000004262423,8.728784e-7,0.01725615,0.9804648,0.0003753853],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001609266,0.006857023,0.00003763811,0.0001163028,0.008862412,0.0003534084,0.003019162,0.00006161054,0.9806764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004251396,0.2929773,0.0003786397,0.00003750408,0.03697661,0.00005323896,0.0005568338,0.0000997734,0.6646687],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4716966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246841944","doi":"10.22329/il.v27i2.473","title":"The Arguers","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Artifact (error); Wish; Epistemology; Sociology; Linguistics; Philosophy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04101166883976261,"gpt":0.2202598159255678,"spread":0.1792481470858051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005322245,0.00005381809,0.00005623047,0.00001219767,0.001299144,0.00003454495,0.00009652126,0.00001086853,0.0003655863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001079447,0.00002778047,0.00004018993,0.00001213937,0.0003062538,0.00003736292,0.00002810764,0.00006877311,0.0003309066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001006563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001049574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009098696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001651743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996042,0.000004025457,0.0001097227,0.00003875407,0.0000924816,0.0001507735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997507,0.00005556857,0.00002909079,0.00008003192,0.0000595846,0.00002507845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005424729,0.000005696792,0.00004031464,0.000001857658,0.000008971506,0.00001542241,0.01952722,0.000002197702,3.136975e-7,0.9555799,0.02306411,0.001748539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004806367,0.00003673996,0.000174979,9.342195e-7,0.000002426733,0.000003331732,0.001258409,0.00001502743,0.000001459587,0.0007075613,0.9976979,0.00005319701],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003928549,0.000562771,0.00001011852,0.0001547544,0.0007851357,0.00003602186,0.000004499535,0.00004665087,0.9944715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9438679,0.00009961292,0.0000266783,0.0006690334,0.0007351107,0.000006292101,0.000002332934,0.000003255569,0.05458983],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9746338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992098,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385599529","doi":"10.59962/9780774836593","title":"Otter’s Journey through Indigenous Language and Law","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of British Columbia Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Otter; Law; Geography; Fishery; Political science; Ecology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0205771301992219,"gpt":0.192629255137712,"spread":0.1720521249384901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006842612,0.0001371605,0.0004466602,0.00002163607,0.0007016749,0.0002516535,0.0002616004,0.0001545357,0.0009779012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001426861,0.0002721049,0.0001203853,0.000002709697,0.001474902,0.00004689371,0.0002366847,0.0002514386,0.000008507837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008827093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007503318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4762314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7422971,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999036,0.00003285106,0.0001748597,0.000307176,0.0002195534,0.0002296015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991957,0.00005196919,0.0002122724,0.0002094915,0.0002550764,0.00007549782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001250704,0.0000385147,0.000002066147,0.0003438369,0.0002860141,0.0008883366,0.1782191,2.647067e-8,6.674831e-7,0.04233742,0.7732219,0.004649614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003190491,0.0001166411,0.000005876714,0.0003360382,0.0001892159,0.00001467324,0.002563647,4.976643e-7,3.643385e-7,0.001763756,0.9943975,0.0002927514],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008263851,0.002717682,0.000005336629,0.000002141822,0.0004077012,0.000223869,0.001563681,0.00006244282,0.9941908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00320613,0.0001883826,0.0001264814,0.0001051561,0.000822799,3.970437e-7,0.00004899411,0.0000319849,0.9954697],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2660656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1658006387","doi":"10.22329/il.v32i1.3099","title":"Toulmin’s “Analytic Arguments”","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; Tautology (logic); Philosophy; Key (lock); Terminology; Computer science; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03999474303075769,"gpt":0.2494760632909201,"spread":0.2094813202601624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001001879,0.00009265084,0.0001163235,0.00004288204,0.000252466,0.00004795154,0.00008555174,0.00002118463,0.003954694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008895398,0.0000653531,0.00005984216,0.0000192331,0.00008999063,0.0001516092,0.00004687869,0.0000807104,0.001089694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002927117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006696999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001034073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005341651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993442,0.000005440729,0.0001662099,0.00005263669,0.000126239,0.0003052777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999693,0.00002697647,0.00004650893,0.00009863441,0.00005450817,0.00008031619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004973576,0.00004491436,0.0006666487,0.00001358707,0.00002884472,0.000003583132,0.02459177,0.000001341046,0.000001217538,0.9630333,0.009310734,0.002299038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007935127,0.00004153062,0.0006011928,0.00000330181,0.00002064697,0.000001374004,0.001471217,0.00001591524,0.000004506273,0.0003726241,0.9972746,0.0001137747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006765833,0.0006925063,0.00002905408,0.00005511817,0.001288311,0.00005255474,0.00001185808,0.00006065271,0.9910441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9631227,0.00000913436,0.00007488913,0.0009331279,0.001610295,0.00000772176,0.000008903504,0.000005475309,0.03422776],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9879639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1528857325","doi":"10.7202/013929ar","title":"La préservation des langues et des savoirs du Nord","year":2005,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Études/Inuit/Studies","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07960265598868362,"gpt":0.3129784666537733,"spread":0.2333758106650897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006781813,0.0005695451,0.0007722884,0.0001511828,0.001609591,0.0002313772,0.0002661868,0.0001568421,0.000540149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001987142,0.0004895232,0.0002598265,0.0001501597,0.003171621,0.0003527891,0.0002857942,0.0003820999,0.0002970848],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002631699,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003234873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003722048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6329121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975365,0.0002478599,0.0006559883,0.0004994856,0.0003936958,0.0006664552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973125,0.0008769259,0.0002393854,0.0002949073,0.001135315,0.0001409836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002064102,0.0001946655,0.0001923611,0.0005902434,0.0006697461,0.00006561288,0.6133935,0.00003150915,0.00001039048,0.367359,0.01207294,0.005399403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004185561,0.0002281857,0.0005972687,0.0008018903,0.0003939982,0.00001567644,0.4313087,0.00004943805,0.0000167684,0.01030138,0.5552536,0.0006146042],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7661495,0.1721598,0.000001920976,0.002834109,0.00209321,0.0003151602,0.0003121909,0.000262159,0.05587201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9229842,0.02455134,0.001762016,0.0009095085,0.00538957,0.000070924,0.00001820327,0.00007642408,0.04423782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.62919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073840391","doi":"10.7202/1003511ar","title":"La Gaceta de Caracas, traduction et indépendance au xixe siècle1","year":2011,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Meta Journal des traducteurs","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07626371048303072,"gpt":0.2719932262053045,"spread":0.1957295157222738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001605562,0.0004324228,0.0006646269,0.0001805948,0.001473587,0.0003254029,0.000337082,0.0001558485,0.002880763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004949143,0.0003640118,0.0005890392,0.0001212961,0.00140682,0.0003717882,0.00003884475,0.001251438,0.00007524562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004454146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002330725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00410959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002093042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970877,0.0008120975,0.0006379345,0.0003310612,0.0003647174,0.0007665252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985614,0.0001811837,0.0003413785,0.0002431079,0.0003020278,0.0003709296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001028848,0.0006477386,0.000383854,0.0002565842,0.002572229,0.001176337,0.1507779,0.00001707818,0.00008232149,0.7222147,0.007092594,0.1146758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003540473,0.0002980214,0.00451914,0.0001262341,0.002442846,0.001399987,0.002329836,0.0000127046,0.0001192685,0.02470177,0.9632627,0.0004334738],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09558249,0.6388403,0.003661778,0.001981874,0.01272826,0.0002387941,0.0002068128,0.00009551685,0.2466642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8089138,0.1034389,0.004418278,0.0004896016,0.008608365,0.00002059636,0.000008970866,0.000153528,0.07394792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9561701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131528851","doi":"10.1080/00309230600552112","title":"Transnational Innovations, Local Conditions, and Disruptive Teachers and Students in Interwar Education","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paedagogica Historica","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Progressivism; Institutionalisation; Argument (complex analysis); Grading (engineering); Grammar; Grammar school; Progressive education; Sociology; Interwar period; Pedagogy; Political science; World War II; Law; Linguistics; Politics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01791172475225972,"gpt":0.2818116982470646,"spread":0.2638999734948049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009119679,0.0001145236,0.00017094,0.0001667661,0.0002795973,0.00004954222,0.0000604152,0.00003045203,0.0001244533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003891194,0.0001009895,0.00002368544,0.00007151549,0.0002535525,0.00006488941,0.0000231632,0.0001072081,0.000003438124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002800905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003628766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004094024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005781219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992697,0.00003152365,0.0002468226,0.0001950093,0.0001424819,0.0001144719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996873,0.00007561674,0.00006056451,0.00005772923,0.00008546909,0.00003330593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007535262,0.0002916074,0.000809351,0.00002794336,0.0000134419,0.000003857439,0.03570101,6.277057e-7,0.000006435289,0.9458113,0.002059897,0.01526698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000199524,0.00003571652,0.003512097,0.00001493264,0.0000231565,0.000001820817,0.005571212,0.000008277477,5.046542e-7,0.003652144,0.9868366,0.0001440805],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2552171,0.3583026,0.002125255,0.004989779,0.003822141,0.001878066,0.0004123205,0.0003989382,0.3728538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946485,0.0004231339,0.0001552462,0.00007991142,0.0002036913,0.00006501114,0.0000607898,0.000009196567,0.004354568],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9847766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4118232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2504693144","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521846765.009","title":"Gaskell, gender, and the family","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Sociology; Genealogy; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05675107686358705,"gpt":0.2039522769456759,"spread":0.1472012000820888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001279259,0.0002484722,0.0003241587,0.00007528227,0.0006684533,0.0000697853,0.0002167337,0.0001070658,0.00002211235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001640542,0.0001911435,0.0001489758,0.000001402059,0.001377812,0.00001684343,0.0002240228,0.0003376823,0.0000121775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006777822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002372785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006841648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002833189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992008,0.00001897335,0.0001400764,0.0002618603,0.0001846604,0.0001936964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992415,0.0001454176,0.0001181858,0.0002523425,0.0001636258,0.00007886803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007205879,0.000002830347,4.916133e-8,0.0000392431,0.0001249068,0.0001486382,0.00290735,3.08528e-8,2.283861e-7,0.9339864,0.06212321,0.0005950303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000549863,0.00001839857,0.000001287037,0.00002998315,0.000250875,0.000002188352,0.000815812,0.000005949608,4.835204e-7,0.00009818572,0.9979862,0.0002407857],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000005141991,0.003919296,0.00005172693,0.000006736408,0.000544337,0.0002089041,0.000175551,0.000061467,0.9950268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001455824,0.0004381952,0.00001566886,0.000228236,0.000863324,3.241209e-7,0.00001251138,0.00002778395,0.9969581],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.935863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7794604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177826662","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139029377.024","title":"Figurative Language","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Literal and figurative language; Computer science; Content (measure theory); World Wide Web; Linguistics; Philosophy; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03023151950083269,"gpt":0.1993850987133754,"spread":0.1691535792125427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004367215,0.0002958759,0.0003410331,0.00009299023,0.0004009474,0.00004676925,0.0002330085,0.0001275351,0.000293701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001752239,0.0002952982,0.0001865294,0.000001429425,0.0003845301,0.00003950747,0.0001684582,0.0003378353,0.0001137249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001567892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002840198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004339803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003966286,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991653,0.00001654929,0.0001331329,0.0002554283,0.0001800523,0.0002495665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992174,0.00006184678,0.0001472216,0.0002766894,0.0001728216,0.0001240194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001614145,0.00000700581,6.632477e-8,0.00004011557,0.0001274046,0.0001844861,0.00852373,2.904991e-8,0.000002261019,0.8821633,0.1077657,0.001169726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001523714,0.00002976512,5.623893e-7,0.00005824251,0.0002169592,0.000001429258,0.0009838786,0.000001303,0.00001311884,0.000007817847,0.9981737,0.0003608396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008231281,0.002056165,0.00001377907,0.000007475742,0.0007258071,0.0001696808,0.0007922006,0.0001209656,0.9961057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003048599,0.00007274649,0.0000167779,0.00006644718,0.001782586,5.525975e-7,0.00007561126,0.00004102198,0.9948956],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.890408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167722073","doi":"10.7202/603104ar","title":"Étude diachronique de la cliticisation des pronoms sujets à partir du français médiéval","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue québécoise de linguistique","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01386481857768421,"gpt":0.2625088261382168,"spread":0.2486440075605326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001022706,0.0004991277,0.0006175138,0.0001285752,0.001047425,0.0003330361,0.0002865545,0.0003759246,0.0004474909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004433292,0.000540662,0.0003375606,0.000102073,0.001032676,0.00007676059,0.00004724011,0.0006889835,0.00009007518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000946652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000510458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03612762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02070704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971173,0.0004870159,0.0007173512,0.0005221184,0.0001909507,0.0009652212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978821,0.0005932064,0.0002471572,0.0003895584,0.0005035902,0.0003843739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005663122,0.0005432983,0.001673134,0.0005376078,0.00008908575,0.0006391794,0.1486269,0.0001491476,0.00004542755,0.8349774,0.001635014,0.0110272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004558688,0.00045165,0.0146495,0.00079717,0.0003202072,0.00007881595,0.001123245,0.00113293,0.0001266382,0.04235877,0.937756,0.000749176],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2218236,0.07728687,0.003157859,0.004510285,0.003060037,0.0009182277,0.0002908798,0.0004901079,0.6884621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9710755,0.002682056,0.00233583,0.0008023606,0.01403858,0.00007237685,0.00003310998,0.0000790719,0.008881074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.936121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997045,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1549401724","doi":"10.22329/il.v24i2.2139","title":"Figures of Argument (OSSA 2005 Keynote Address)","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Rhetorical question; Antithesis; Dialectic; Argument (complex analysis); Humanism; Set (abstract data type); Rhetorical device; Rhetoric; Epistemology; Heuristic; Computer science; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Sociology; Philosophy; Psychology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02889969253611322,"gpt":0.2428489591596215,"spread":0.2139492666235083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007336237,0.00009934068,0.0001563876,0.00004825735,0.0001802649,0.00002967254,0.000112782,0.00002722232,0.001885328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008348488,0.0000711941,0.00007152899,0.00001695766,0.0001657839,0.0000633845,0.00004646029,0.00008269699,0.0001573385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003268982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002446742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003746184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004786277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993069,0.000004052805,0.0002443992,0.0000727889,0.0001595384,0.0002122854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996467,0.00002154362,0.00008658625,0.000110165,0.00008930702,0.00004575141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002208369,0.00006264624,0.00001919509,0.00005156247,0.00003273648,0.00001477381,0.02219053,0.0002252764,0.00001193406,0.9703927,0.006002812,0.0009737143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003126179,0.0001407325,0.0001302333,0.00002648638,0.00001545026,0.000001002243,0.001131046,0.000005755642,0.0001450345,0.003443538,0.9945245,0.0001236137],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01045256,0.00131962,0.0000500025,0.0001183765,0.0005797618,0.00009711717,0.00006675021,0.00005033699,0.9872655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873498,0.0000668916,0.0001609995,0.000451965,0.000524229,0.000007870603,0.00001279861,0.000005591372,0.01141987],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9885217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2479473478","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511486906.011","title":"Beyond the comparative method?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Transpose; Similarity (geometry); Mathematics; History; Philosophy; Genealogy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06137520441987196,"gpt":0.2344281339582256,"spread":0.1730529295383536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006474953,0.0002974209,0.0004170348,0.00006998212,0.001093338,0.00004982541,0.0003716618,0.0001000918,0.00007025168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001043593,0.0002311122,0.000226712,0.000002116505,0.0008241725,0.00002169053,0.0002171002,0.0004415988,0.00004084849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001194995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004451535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004874665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006090637,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990954,0.00004281127,0.0001512174,0.0002977284,0.0002182123,0.0001946293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989566,0.0001969363,0.0001680526,0.0003332954,0.0002701755,0.00007500045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001462908,0.000003722451,1.674886e-8,0.00001066013,0.0001371795,0.0001184473,0.007780894,3.609757e-7,2.423152e-7,0.6432954,0.3484292,0.0002091733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001492862,0.00003670044,4.637556e-7,0.00002427133,0.0002073541,0.000004578044,0.0007260242,0.00001372958,0.000005158554,0.00003588738,0.9985036,0.0002930082],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002287761,0.001088124,0.00008612138,0.00002366154,0.0007120637,0.0002309813,0.0004742831,0.00007522112,0.9973072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004363951,0.0001389577,0.00008672495,0.0001796326,0.001053457,7.448802e-7,0.0000326162,0.00002545411,0.998046],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6500743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9424481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}