{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":789,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":789,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"5c1e51b9da5d","filters":{"topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning"}},"results":[{"id":"W1529098247","doi":"10.1023/a:1021258506583","title":"Using Bayesian Networks to Manage Uncertainty in Student Modeling","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":482,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Probabilistic logic; Bayesian network; Formalism (music); Plan (archaeology); Field (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Data science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06844017050065819,"gpt":0.3016969590557549,"spread":0.2332567885550967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004055055,0.0002632958,0.0002799725,0.0003998942,0.0002436381,0.0003956332,0.0003540438,0.0001116751,0.00001198422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002616838,0.0002656424,0.00007068575,0.0003905461,0.000005879078,0.0008562309,0.0002094296,0.0004708438,0.00001201393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002711083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007715616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001747682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001652845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979451,0.0001222077,0.000533274,0.000644267,0.0002976005,0.0004575884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992253,0.00004631718,0.0001005116,0.0003719822,0.0001140456,0.0001419125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001339945,0.00004953608,0.0003240185,0.000009679821,0.00001879521,0.00001476792,0.002349733,0.9899724,0.0001747809,0.00387697,0.00001434916,0.003181536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002100371,0.00005855527,0.00002602276,0.000410306,0.000008936345,0.0000183781,0.0008603786,0.9963878,0.00001266307,0.00005740033,0.001648789,0.0003007524],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.341115,0.0001170108,0.6575522,0.0001085319,0.0005620106,0.0001658022,3.317793e-7,0.0001106048,0.0002684567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875692,0.00005792527,0.01133029,0.0002065599,0.0001997006,0.00001468119,0.000001520179,0.00002820746,0.0005919023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6464542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201077663","doi":"10.1007/s10462-021-10068-2","title":"An automated essay scoring systems: a systematic literature review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Artificial Intelligence Review","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":466,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Grading (engineering); Cohesion (chemistry); Relevance (law); Artificial intelligence; Evaluation methods; Data science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05070367394269971,"gpt":0.3469837066823772,"spread":0.2962800327396775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003069314,0.0004329942,0.001347622,0.0001203115,0.000290322,0.0008972443,0.001128041,0.0001157446,0.00004599305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001115686,0.0003546097,0.0003272665,0.00218446,0.00003310304,0.001092225,0.0001972855,0.000436379,0.0009005141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001656855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002910013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000207481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000476658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943165,0.001564589,0.001818751,0.0009713563,0.0007207641,0.0006080792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960051,0.0002467959,0.0005909433,0.001824152,0.001071786,0.0002612524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[7.439358e-7,0.0001025713,0.000005414493,0.4973691,0.00006304394,0.000636528,0.0003921525,0.0003145262,0.0003927089,0.4885021,0.0003394174,0.01188172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009694628,0.00006883163,0.00000183782,0.9402957,0.0001214411,0.0008893764,0.0001192619,0.04452978,0.001524622,0.0003853621,0.0115186,0.0005354912],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001545034,0.7207227,0.2751441,0.0006024461,0.001135144,0.001134295,0.000002503042,0.0007914031,0.0004520032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02485321,0.9623144,0.006214062,0.003484051,0.0005156847,0.0005227937,0.00003588375,0.00007307353,0.001986887],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4881167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987626674","doi":"10.1007/s11257-011-9106-8","title":"A review of recent advances in learner and skill modeling in intelligent learning environments","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":439,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Key (lock); Cognition; Cognitive science; Human–computer interaction; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09754781086306377,"gpt":0.332074384690857,"spread":0.2345265738277933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001044416,0.0005083073,0.001411722,0.0006287626,0.00008278015,0.00007379756,0.0003619114,0.0002444015,0.0000162762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001593057,0.0004515688,0.0001662006,0.0003763049,0.00002035577,0.0009595667,0.0002981955,0.001277673,0.000009194359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002489104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006302367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003321549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000418893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964713,0.0004849285,0.001508006,0.0008911085,0.0002532281,0.0003913725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998709,0.0001248109,0.000627605,0.0003732574,0.00007163154,0.00009375661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001160143,0.00007550827,0.00002303493,0.01349716,0.00003612274,0.000006319894,0.0008004913,0.0535265,0.00000123613,0.001404993,0.000002521191,0.9306145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007936245,0.00006104225,3.448872e-7,0.1008084,0.00004063974,0.00002221275,0.0001430234,0.3125197,0.000001414243,0.00003202567,0.5860078,0.0002840257],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001288618,0.8197058,0.1791528,0.00001056382,0.0003209919,0.0004525553,0.000001256662,0.00003518762,0.0001919441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001154475,0.9969094,0.001450289,0.00003808508,0.00005071775,0.00006386261,0.00001687761,0.00004818664,0.000268146],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9303305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141176783","doi":"10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.07.004","title":"Improving students’ help-seeking skills using metacognitive feedback in an intelligent tutoring system","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Learning and Instruction","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":364,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Metacognition; Psychology; Intelligent tutoring system; Cognition; Mathematics education; Help-seeking; Intervention (counseling); Computer science; Human–computer interaction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01310765710517108,"gpt":0.2693780758751099,"spread":0.2562704187699388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001040068,0.0002379296,0.0002815341,0.000353039,0.0004848746,0.000677522,0.0003340455,0.0001443633,0.000004088008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001262395,0.0002399732,0.00005756396,0.0003640026,0.00004064229,0.001222459,0.0002353639,0.001019201,0.00001085572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001595348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003711886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005943804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004252651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979068,0.0002424735,0.0004359936,0.0006267316,0.0003764091,0.0004115638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991556,0.00006657578,0.0002853114,0.0002171097,0.0001517493,0.0001236459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002002305,0.00009526965,0.4093028,0.0001955822,0.00004980762,0.00004742932,0.008566688,0.006434985,0.1391572,0.03925861,2.087102e-7,0.3968715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001621469,0.0005744832,0.09811014,0.001618203,0.00005384212,0.0008269611,0.02077448,0.8438485,0.026368,0.0001576291,0.004529582,0.001516672],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7945865,0.00004151237,0.2028823,0.000004751067,0.001917957,0.0001529587,2.088177e-7,0.0002126341,0.0002011543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853829,0.000006826407,0.01374488,0.00000808945,0.0004615505,0.000009647206,0.000001612654,0.00002544974,0.0003590861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8374135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9785823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2258241181","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-14363-2","title":"Advances in Intelligent Tutoring Systems","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Studies in computational intelligence","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":362,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université TÉLUQ","funders":"","keywords":"Pleasure; Forcing (mathematics); Computer science; Cognitive science; Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Neuroscience; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07032572370775043,"gpt":0.3593732727077599,"spread":0.2890475490000095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001333468,0.0006815787,0.001050106,0.0009973944,0.0001759569,0.0002220076,0.001763263,0.0003784255,0.00001159761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004023708,0.000680009,0.0001805215,0.0005907611,0.0002783239,0.0007206725,0.000848435,0.001963683,0.0002495362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001268982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000498061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005866296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000151017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952369,0.0001799016,0.001616486,0.001276018,0.0009821769,0.000708496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962713,0.001792363,0.0006049607,0.0006173028,0.000611937,0.0001021363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004770051,0.00003507322,0.0001204095,0.0003184691,0.00003362039,0.0001548,0.00208144,0.3785893,7.529613e-7,0.5976892,0.0002022162,0.02076996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001431647,0.0001765416,0.00005908309,0.007147938,0.00001244719,0.0001119507,0.001307099,0.1202634,0.00005450375,0.2179747,0.6512182,0.001531007],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002965787,0.06167072,0.8064587,0.0001166318,0.01330914,0.0009392741,0.000008339131,0.0002302976,0.1172373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09794963,0.0261551,0.04588867,0.0002801504,0.003752194,0.0007429512,0.00007302855,0.0002693062,0.8248889],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061319836","doi":"10.1007/s11257-009-9062-8","title":"Empirically building and evaluating a probabilistic model of user affect","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":326,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Probabilistic logic; Bayesian network; Context (archaeology); User modeling; Affect (linguistics); Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; Statistical model; Plan (archaeology); Machine learning; User interface; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07470168565609854,"gpt":0.3405976222307321,"spread":0.2658959365746336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006720425,0.0002264743,0.0003009859,0.0001972376,0.000206255,0.0002093287,0.0002100189,0.00009895957,0.000002180821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000208015,0.0002064067,0.00006946496,0.0001715258,0.00001609782,0.0008342774,0.0001002453,0.0003236869,0.000001469525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007464372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004785193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001276059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006336802,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982626,0.0001236236,0.0004808008,0.0005315923,0.0003204281,0.0002809103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990028,0.0001445342,0.0002178795,0.0002911252,0.0002500153,0.00009368236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005061511,0.00005881212,0.0002715059,0.00005259441,0.00002593259,0.000001794626,0.001391568,0.9080694,0.03479711,0.04477536,0.0000218275,0.01048345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002437694,0.0003281717,0.0002304654,0.0004583645,0.00002413134,0.00002100897,0.0001219652,0.9957638,0.0007853024,0.001594238,0.0002083425,0.0002204283],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4943655,0.00006168457,0.5050536,0.0001038162,0.0001126634,0.0001303522,7.121103e-7,0.00007698903,0.00009468078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9420456,0.00002285019,0.05734524,0.00009816923,0.00007010601,0.000008566893,0.000001500609,0.00001482043,0.0003930894],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4477084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8417022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2182489632","doi":"","title":"Toward Computer-Based Support of Meta-Cognitive Skills: a Computational Framework to Coach Self-Explanation","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":258,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Usability; TUTOR; Intelligent tutoring system; Process (computing); Cognition; Domain (mathematical analysis); Interface (matter); Human–computer interaction; Reading (process); Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Psychology; Programming language; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05126936093944402,"gpt":0.2985818967267408,"spread":0.2473125357872968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007458756,0.0004821958,0.0009417929,0.0004942464,0.0001047437,0.0002801607,0.001108259,0.0003431534,0.0002596683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006615833,0.0004375737,0.0005062334,0.0003965698,0.00003059931,0.0001673956,0.0005815239,0.0006993496,0.0001732025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001303983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004759683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001247749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002523796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996398,0.0003037179,0.0008839713,0.001038509,0.0009862609,0.0003895427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972352,0.000816235,0.0004920561,0.0005141937,0.0007591247,0.0001831563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002101509,0.0005727144,0.0001910051,0.0003092383,0.001714583,0.0000436586,0.005385111,0.7846645,0.00000226974,0.1981856,0.001128336,0.007781978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001050765,0.001545657,0.00360042,0.001854793,0.001216339,0.00005286851,0.0001906261,0.9196361,0.002817722,0.02642176,0.0388166,0.002796402],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002025318,0.00004380091,0.992214,0.0008520081,0.0008969558,0.0007790741,0.00004769878,0.0004218345,0.002719375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4511351,0.000003003799,0.5463721,0.001432776,0.0002290793,0.00009816248,0.0001162728,0.00002529234,0.0005882015],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4491098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150506154","doi":"10.1504/ijceell.2003.002154","title":"Course sequencing techniques for large-scale web-based education","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":241,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Course (navigation); Consistency (knowledge bases); Field (mathematics); Scale (ratio); Domain (mathematical analysis); Intelligent tutoring system; Web application; Multimedia; Software engineering; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007225350242522243,"gpt":0.2626174151864291,"spread":0.2553920649439068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001031024,0.0001345282,0.0001744662,0.0003263129,0.00007877831,0.0002959197,0.0003089591,0.00006106896,0.000007059904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008566386,0.0001366331,0.00009584614,0.0001124493,0.000007477494,0.0004407015,0.00002096698,0.0002999871,0.000001514632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001470959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000798683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000047191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.697815e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988928,0.00006727141,0.0004089919,0.0001714129,0.0002796063,0.0001798447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998325,0.0001752346,0.0004023778,0.00009948706,0.0008834521,0.0001144423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007376477,0.001064351,0.06177343,0.0005474728,0.0005220691,0.0000228307,0.02142783,0.07027107,0.03530641,0.4749679,0.002933193,0.3310896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001004651,0.0002405579,0.00452298,0.002822249,0.00005175383,0.0003187782,0.003410846,0.09615562,0.01190553,0.0002159959,0.8787382,0.0006128422],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.111506,0.0008687412,0.8831611,0.0003935002,0.003505716,0.0001269156,5.653239e-7,0.0001025661,0.0003348489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9219601,0.0000193855,0.07568463,0.0001475227,0.0006286972,0.00001902257,0.000002790045,0.00001937862,0.001518526],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.875805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5571736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2237600160","doi":"10.1007/s40593-015-0089-1","title":"Help Helps, But Only So Much: Research on Help Seeking with Intelligent Tutoring Systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":232,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Executable; Context (archaeology); Process (computing); TUTOR; Intelligent tutoring system; Domain (mathematical analysis); Human–computer interaction; Multimedia","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09494549532860855,"gpt":0.383084517050668,"spread":0.2881390217220595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003228123,0.0002560373,0.0003183412,0.0016216,0.0002002063,0.000847886,0.001850662,0.0001185473,0.00003168196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007100712,0.0001805115,0.0001212347,0.0006838557,0.0001368293,0.001157678,0.0001618839,0.0006677508,0.0002027096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001356639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001367707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005531642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007913124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952964,0.0004318099,0.001307985,0.0004979872,0.001947505,0.000518268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994935,0.0008928922,0.0007138401,0.0004051741,0.002871703,0.000181368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001731809,0.000509744,0.003107555,0.00001712898,0.00006771185,0.00009967163,0.002871251,0.004279345,0.006244299,0.4820159,0.0001086988,0.5005055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008876955,0.007642132,0.007865101,0.03919535,0.00006028566,0.005316263,0.08969101,0.04436437,0.4305762,0.09949825,0.2713741,0.003529281],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3185459,0.0004115301,0.6664717,0.002778217,0.01081269,0.0002938728,0.000002349325,0.00004168658,0.0006421232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923709,0.0001738346,0.003017416,0.00007951087,0.002582227,0.00002325128,0.000001055338,0.00002707922,0.00172473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.673825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8176185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105043933","doi":"10.18608/jla.2014.11.6","title":"Affective States and State Tests: Investigating How Affect and Engagement during the School Year Predict End-of-Year Learning Outcomes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Learning Analytics","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Columbia College","funders":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Boredom; Affect (linguistics); TUTOR; Psychology; Confusion; Mathematics education; Frustration; Learning analytics; Student engagement; Social psychology; Developmental psychology; Computer science; Machine learning; Communication","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01606165802643513,"gpt":0.2534263027590078,"spread":0.2373646447325727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00405381,0.0002042267,0.0004254033,0.0002401044,0.0005064103,0.0003984085,0.0003146385,0.0000475679,0.000003309164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004137011,0.000140324,0.0001061083,0.0002377606,0.0001261098,0.0004054726,0.0002458137,0.001476625,0.000002154736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007449414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006433985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002805405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003461374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974027,0.001115165,0.000436463,0.000231389,0.0005211955,0.0002930819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996735,0.001695417,0.0009748586,0.0001720288,0.0002638971,0.0001587608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000916745,0.00001424224,0.9194263,0.0001232098,0.0002180879,0.00001203821,0.004792953,0.06913764,0.001545725,0.00178697,0.00001507242,0.002918606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001732843,0.002225142,0.7824666,0.001637382,0.0001762591,0.0001567422,0.01325534,0.1874086,0.003190173,0.0006918019,0.006450374,0.0006087794],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9443056,0.0001977777,0.0546719,0.0004436735,0.0001383913,0.00009732627,4.470598e-7,0.00003968775,0.0001052204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924342,0.0001552517,0.005787761,0.00001613274,0.0001366467,0.000001224166,2.60448e-7,0.0000200055,0.001448516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1369597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6415284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010952285","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p145","title":"The Future of Higher Education in the Light of Artificial Intelligence Transformations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sample (material); Artificial intelligence; Higher education; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Political science; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02341604876847407,"gpt":0.3151540540539068,"spread":0.2917380052854328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004430398,0.00008302015,0.0001197641,0.0001396608,0.00005855459,0.0001037205,0.001214212,0.00004014985,0.00004013866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002843745,0.00005157176,0.0001042542,0.0003090495,0.00002825712,0.0004853577,0.00002586012,0.0002325977,0.000007323149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006516668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000521469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001891996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003236673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983871,0.0001380951,0.0007395734,0.00009254811,0.0005547226,0.00008795752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982502,0.0001253551,0.000646073,0.0001392445,0.0008034307,0.00003569672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002504659,0.0001964852,0.000428189,0.00001297423,0.00003268088,6.972097e-7,0.005718645,0.0004059894,0.001107344,0.8906612,0.002168422,0.09924234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009487411,0.0001929078,0.02344801,0.0002504831,0.00001901758,0.00003516728,0.003344465,0.0004103563,0.006336765,0.02397765,0.9417533,0.0001369557],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.128442,0.02085542,0.2089917,0.5598487,0.06092957,0.000996606,0.00001056678,0.00004566764,0.01987983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951942,0.00008934067,0.001284293,0.0005196368,0.001931216,0.000006144372,0.000001806233,0.000004709183,0.0009686851],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9395849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2256328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210304670","doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100050","title":"AI-assisted knowledge assessment techniques for adaptive learning environments","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Adaptive learning; Viewpoints; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Relevance (law); Learning sciences; Field (mathematics); Educational technology; Knowledge management; Psychology; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05280833334078083,"gpt":0.3346775617168179,"spread":0.2818692283760371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005955882,0.000167739,0.0001740788,0.0001830895,0.001008127,0.0002336257,0.0004689348,0.00003588051,0.00002147248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002161308,0.0001833167,0.00007424817,0.0002518431,0.000045747,0.0002488072,0.0003811049,0.0003230417,0.00001197834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002440543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002092478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003522673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001580863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984608,0.0002006364,0.0003575127,0.0005100649,0.0002006002,0.0002703554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992352,0.000180459,0.0001766296,0.000227461,0.00008345798,0.000096868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006538851,0.0001960534,0.00007259639,0.000009719214,0.00001241707,6.096321e-7,0.001449913,0.001226767,0.0007479185,0.395271,0.0005330806,0.6004734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000335906,0.0007893707,0.0005832773,0.00006735128,0.00001217248,0.00002874355,0.003130055,0.4218374,0.005243411,0.01685142,0.5509497,0.0004735556],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001217575,0.0002226647,0.9947777,0.0007723018,0.001829639,0.000445708,0.000001644632,0.0001298239,0.0006029429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9152946,0.00001763294,0.0798283,0.0004794706,0.0003034759,0.0004264796,0.00001271193,0.00001879139,0.00361858],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9149494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7753803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059210005","doi":"10.1145/944217.944243","title":"Evaluating modeling techniques based on models of learning","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the ACM","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Domain (mathematical analysis); Grammar; Test (biology); Machine learning; Natural language processing; Mathematics; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1975873328404231,"gpt":0.372712511628928,"spread":0.1751251787885049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001332994,0.00006900931,0.000119346,0.0000762102,0.000252827,0.00002018209,0.01178886,0.00003195035,0.000001284837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005277208,0.00005369622,0.00008420258,0.0002478076,0.00004133927,0.0001210643,0.002919846,0.000243796,0.000001512371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002929915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006769606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003647684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.829639e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998754,0.0005287747,0.000276721,0.0001193927,0.0002242574,0.00009683602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869987,0.0003875097,0.0002329123,0.01213932,0.0002273271,0.00001419048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.38957e-7,0.00003289904,0.0001440337,0.000008501338,0.000004721273,1.293215e-8,0.0003359154,0.6560422,0.002599179,0.3392359,0.000009959171,0.001585893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004272636,0.00004959558,0.000007259216,0.0002314745,0.000004009173,4.860482e-7,0.00008230824,0.9486596,0.01493817,0.03541225,0.0005187397,0.0000533798],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0129978,0.0003154251,0.9678719,0.001850598,0.00007775332,0.0002431507,4.859461e-7,0.0001007216,0.01654214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6263448,0.000008092297,0.3734799,0.00001778812,0.000002805461,0.000009249593,2.218305e-7,0.000004496581,0.0001326124],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6133471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935578,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013974720","doi":"10.1145/964442.964446","title":"Building and evaluating an intelligent pedagogical agent to improve the effectiveness of an educational game","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Educational game; Prime (order theory); Probabilistic logic; Test (biology); Prime time; Game based learning; Artificial intelligence; Human–computer interaction; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08058104714846731,"gpt":0.3938329504119589,"spread":0.3132519032634916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00230576,0.0001165197,0.0001384382,0.00006246131,0.0001319541,0.0001398465,0.00043896,0.00003106393,0.000009270804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001983967,0.00007539389,0.00003813163,0.0001557314,0.00002925151,0.0002875305,0.0001813454,0.0001157124,0.000008245941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008764618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001079156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003327551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007997298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985324,0.0003574863,0.0002249197,0.000381794,0.0003108403,0.0001925802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989854,0.0003410391,0.00007279689,0.000320621,0.0001604299,0.0001197468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000145668,0.00008557347,0.0002675769,0.00002584127,0.00001095783,9.216816e-7,0.00273905,0.02003811,0.05188584,0.8957408,2.751762e-7,0.0291905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001347207,0.008274741,0.1771473,0.001158021,0.00005011375,0.0001709668,0.004504965,0.1106906,0.5526272,0.1394286,0.003179976,0.001420313],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5527307,0.00002574111,0.4465525,0.0001245043,0.0002104619,0.000212593,2.427749e-7,0.00002105198,0.0001220998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514883,8.153762e-7,0.04805604,0.00006931277,0.0001365887,0.0000311828,5.151176e-7,0.00000659618,0.0002106571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7563122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3074473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393089565","doi":"10.54254/2755-2721/51/20241187","title":"AI in education: Enhancing learning experiences and student outcomes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied and Computational Engineering","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lambton College","funders":"","keywords":"Outcome (game theory); Augmented reality; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Psychology; Human–computer interaction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005380135143455498,"gpt":0.2469985170923898,"spread":0.2416183819489343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000138777,0.00008996358,0.00009613768,0.0001298503,0.00006067165,0.0002748281,0.00008044401,0.00002075666,0.000001524817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006709928,0.00008450278,0.00001283415,0.0001455285,0.000007805659,0.0001749372,0.00006918013,0.0001476551,0.000004057882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002517482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003786039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009118751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.255111e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993783,0.00000726429,0.0001439055,0.0002270682,0.000130096,0.0001133134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977,0.0001277707,0.00001387075,0.00003841869,0.00001431909,0.00003557598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[3.79093e-7,0.00001003212,0.00135276,0.0000568305,0.00001232605,0.000005045349,0.01374421,0.1690921,0.0003289013,0.7894184,0.000004303593,0.02597479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001624622,0.00003810007,0.05263829,0.0003735825,0.000004200886,0.0000415421,0.006899784,0.9217255,0.0002227618,0.002577661,0.0149,0.0004161085],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4140405,0.001230856,0.5836889,0.0001930417,0.0003922946,0.00007364074,4.652236e-8,0.0001405278,0.0002401768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925447,0.000008329166,0.007078212,0.00007700183,0.00006118833,0.00004523394,7.544452e-7,0.000006139193,0.0001784485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7868407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3445923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993364227","doi":"10.1076/chin.9.3.189.16460","title":"Word Memory Test Performance in Children","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Child Neuropsychology","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Word (group theory); Test (biology); Memory test; Cognitive psychology; Arithmetic; Natural language processing; Audiology; Linguistics; Computer science; Neuroscience; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01111652584185722,"gpt":0.2274166495245727,"spread":0.2163001236827155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002670652,0.0001481337,0.0001633726,0.0001677685,0.00010826,0.00004254818,0.0005662037,0.00006249001,0.00002563804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001277838,0.0001413228,0.00004208249,0.0003843796,0.00003576545,0.0001825521,0.00006126223,0.0004091195,0.0003041894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001876604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001507066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004753976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.610264e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986153,0.000165564,0.0002397441,0.0004955194,0.0001124871,0.0003714111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992628,0.00007271596,0.00007573263,0.0005078841,0.00002281172,0.00005811243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005531873,0.0002672441,0.866023,0.000009571141,0.00001222562,0.00007280666,0.0005611836,0.0006503404,0.0007249426,0.1056735,0.0002900888,0.02570956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003828078,0.0001433148,0.9581331,0.00003191385,0.00000116884,0.0007169615,0.000006491488,0.00018746,0.0009761877,0.0000795285,0.03913347,0.0002076209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9214959,0.0001774245,0.006572766,0.0003830299,0.001215932,0.0002078404,3.847159e-7,0.0001538683,0.06979288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960956,0.00003333026,0.0006394897,0.0008958697,0.00009874159,0.00000904123,4.804e-7,0.00001490098,0.002212535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.105594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5762975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767051907","doi":"10.1007/s40593-017-0157-9","title":"Authoring Tools for Designing Intelligent Tutoring Systems: a Systematic Review of the Literature","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Computer science; Multimedia; Educational technology; Systematic review; Human–computer interaction; Mathematics education; Psychology; MEDLINE","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1616096239913838,"gpt":0.431366735260571,"spread":0.2697571112691872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004209275,0.000401454,0.001917605,0.0007815286,0.0001399954,0.001105955,0.004740798,0.0002215989,0.000002685148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007579918,0.0002735932,0.001068001,0.0004774598,0.00004947914,0.001234489,0.0002611142,0.000768507,0.000008009192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008470218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001693812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002480112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002320117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938616,0.0006231718,0.003863543,0.0003837615,0.0009834549,0.0002845412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9883269,0.001301111,0.006815694,0.0008114544,0.002665224,0.00007961482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000424312,0.0001067544,0.000001146687,0.3507098,0.0002026401,0.000006449617,0.00116286,0.000180181,0.000003609656,0.05972719,0.00004243575,0.5878527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001121161,0.00004893883,4.321904e-7,0.8904267,0.000229783,0.0002459165,0.0003711233,0.0003735521,0.00009192597,0.0009514464,0.1070224,0.0002265341],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001145684,0.7871608,0.1931656,0.0001012989,0.01792479,0.001586257,0.00000717081,0.000009729173,0.00004329281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001863137,0.993906,0.003463002,0.00003417865,0.001736322,0.0002301011,0.000006626427,0.00003264648,0.0004047686],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5876262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903426813","doi":"10.22492/ije.6.3.04","title":"Artificial Intelligence and the Student Experience: An Institutional Perspective","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IAFOR Journal of Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Political science; Sociology; Psychology; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04802181941934249,"gpt":0.3694694403930134,"spread":0.321447620973671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007015318,0.00005916151,0.00008544997,0.00008323124,0.0002919315,0.0002010276,0.0003821807,0.00001975316,0.00001206045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001541169,0.00003723573,0.0000349608,0.0001344779,0.0002056362,0.0006503823,0.00004200118,0.0001265368,0.000008259526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009830465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000294156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005176316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005083341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992005,0.0000926987,0.0002613362,0.0001119677,0.0002448662,0.00008859622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988477,0.00005822345,0.0002200424,0.0001235477,0.0006950417,0.00005544026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001960117,0.00007367764,0.0003526445,0.000001025333,0.000008714761,7.637421e-7,0.04913108,0.00005603771,0.000127511,0.9272856,0.00001607155,0.02292731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006422944,0.003261933,0.05319654,0.0006333812,0.00006968591,0.002310163,0.3936526,0.0167656,0.02308216,0.4452089,0.06032508,0.0008517301],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5000312,0.0003831511,0.4940704,0.001312761,0.002904192,0.00009893933,1.140533e-7,0.000007855657,0.001191403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946694,0.00001354096,0.003669617,0.0001143207,0.001336768,0.000003993456,7.564317e-8,0.000002149027,0.0001901216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4946382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2245331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1842133877","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3554613","title":"Clustering and Profiling Students According to their Interactions with an Intelligent Tutoring System Fostering Self-Regulated Learning","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Profiling (computer programming); Cluster analysis; Self-regulated learning; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03641275180672419,"gpt":0.2685024972091563,"spread":0.232089745402432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002109257,0.001317961,0.001235273,0.0009210001,0.002205957,0.002580775,0.002574598,0.0004498581,0.000006312532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000184123,0.001229618,0.0002453257,0.0006665557,0.00003827769,0.00254706,0.009596419,0.003423044,0.0001010727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002142161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006755048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006681866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008967544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9925642,0.0008914574,0.001406188,0.002651194,0.001132232,0.001354711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956319,0.0003035404,0.0009683758,0.001566463,0.000721407,0.0008082719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002845049,0.0006115619,0.008392977,0.005005301,0.002729314,0.0005287181,0.002583214,0.3066578,0.08149036,0.1508696,4.342033e-7,0.4408462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003326475,0.004189052,0.004141767,0.0578397,0.0008018808,0.002821515,0.03105091,0.6117614,0.2295038,0.002765311,0.03700822,0.01478999],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798867,0.0001022357,0.01081465,0.00001575864,0.002820393,0.002022542,0.00002558109,0.002372272,0.001939932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9619178,0.00002277582,0.03621316,0.00004388665,0.0002193006,0.0004393598,0.00001902969,0.0002409594,0.0008837467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4260562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793111457","doi":"10.1007/s40593-018-0165-4","title":"How Does Prior Knowledge Influence Eye Fixations and Sequences of Cognitive and Metacognitive SRL Processes during Learning with an Intelligent Tutoring System?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; North Carolina State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Metacognition; Cognition; Intelligent tutoring system; Eye tracking; Self-regulated learning; Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02243105116766421,"gpt":0.3242523592928648,"spread":0.3018213081252006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006596704,0.0001779882,0.0002563383,0.0005949161,0.0001730823,0.0004602493,0.000435938,0.00005839615,0.000003301688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001078271,0.000136365,0.0000327685,0.0003997344,0.0002401992,0.002072711,0.00009607962,0.0002807183,0.000002306894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001551927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005014815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000128929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001549446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982463,0.0001744773,0.0006569782,0.0003214561,0.0004158646,0.0001849534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947516,0.0003757184,0.0008234671,0.00009179959,0.003857782,0.00009963245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007661862,0.001187751,0.0826224,0.0007400487,0.0004279393,0.00006647504,0.171402,0.002630394,0.03843955,0.1414957,7.577449e-7,0.5602208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002640054,0.002782607,0.03393264,0.01342855,0.0001086778,0.0005817925,0.1845802,0.01283467,0.7441402,0.006134312,0.0003855508,0.000826756],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8707582,0.0004833525,0.1275511,0.0001692139,0.0007837397,0.000165943,0.000001771485,0.00001982746,0.000066825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939542,0.0001444118,0.00523496,0.000008041144,0.000496254,0.00001577627,0.000001278231,0.00001091579,0.0001341535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7057006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5560803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1507783158","doi":"10.1023/a:1024733008280","title":"Probabilistic Student Modelling to Improve Exploratory Behaviour","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Process (computing); Human–computer interaction; Learning environment; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04416415208983702,"gpt":0.2817857708880479,"spread":0.2376216187982109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000514567,0.0002618427,0.0002410628,0.000211748,0.0002831871,0.0003927902,0.0002826397,0.00009195301,0.000006183929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005842212,0.0002529702,0.00007312107,0.0001970697,0.000008011433,0.0008918446,0.0001135553,0.0003722157,0.00003780215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001767656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005007557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001850601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001574803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980051,0.0001400943,0.0004557084,0.0006891408,0.0003362687,0.0003737173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989475,0.00005747026,0.000120785,0.0004329608,0.0002577273,0.0001835708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001404057,0.00008677864,0.0002789547,0.00001769255,0.00002356079,0.000006381934,0.002746875,0.9410696,0.001192304,0.05378756,0.00003832661,0.0007379437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002085521,0.0001817796,0.00002222035,0.0001970606,0.00001850856,0.00001625608,0.001579112,0.9858255,0.001122858,0.0003092106,0.01016062,0.0003583547],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3865096,0.00005610977,0.6118394,0.00004666314,0.0009366305,0.0002193593,8.665652e-7,0.0001507204,0.000240661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826113,0.0000168892,0.01557337,0.0001206709,0.0001124222,0.000069662,0.000001718063,0.0000307337,0.001463224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5962661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410370353","doi":"10.1038/s41539-025-00320-7","title":"A systematic review of AI-driven intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in K-12 education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"npj Science of Learning","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Institut de Valorisation des Données","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Intervention (counseling); Diversity (politics); Computer science; Intelligent tutoring system; Systematic review; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Mathematics education; Multimedia; MEDLINE; Psychiatry; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03266658336915745,"gpt":0.3474512186739045,"spread":0.3147846353047471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006061583,0.0004750765,0.003409555,0.001792292,0.0001809227,0.0002796621,0.003413545,0.0001757174,0.000004129171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004978273,0.0003941836,0.0004865841,0.003766272,0.0001274367,0.001162395,0.0006977827,0.001012556,0.00002708819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006675627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004202466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001312315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001140049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934554,0.0009564127,0.002769885,0.0009619794,0.001292657,0.0005637181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945567,0.0008188195,0.002619068,0.001073844,0.0008096643,0.0001219145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[2.42175e-7,0.00004238607,0.00001348714,0.9066428,0.00002946486,0.000004722698,0.0003057309,0.0006705079,0.000006013081,0.06668743,0.000004337094,0.02559288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002437376,0.00006414323,0.000001605289,0.9483628,0.000152494,0.00004615423,0.000185539,0.001420697,0.00001907189,0.000006049232,0.04941481,0.0003023111],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003171662,0.9757206,0.01825791,0.00001299624,0.001931623,0.002228314,0.000001290918,0.00006233218,0.001781724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005001194,0.991348,0.0006070022,0.00001311569,0.00006396574,0.0002672868,0.000003413483,0.00002173523,0.007175375],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06668138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558428663","doi":"10.1007/s40593-016-0126-8","title":"Developing Emotion-Aware, Advanced Learning Technologies: A Taxonomy of Approaches and Features","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Alberta Advanced Education; Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Taxonomy (biology); Computer science; Intelligent tutoring system; Affective computing; Conceptual framework; Human–computer interaction; Knowledge management; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0656774116087987,"gpt":0.3118737268638583,"spread":0.2461963152550596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005602397,0.0001016798,0.0001637877,0.0005364472,0.00004061951,0.00008012389,0.0006151182,0.00006362299,0.000005167682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006519637,0.00007640447,0.0000513724,0.0002252241,0.00006530101,0.0007221787,0.00009848156,0.000192726,0.000003696304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002004456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002855863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002991445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001043125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986809,0.00006827821,0.0006430161,0.0001815231,0.0002980642,0.0001281721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984469,0.0002340085,0.0006143422,0.0001024738,0.00057591,0.00002637625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001514324,0.00005119013,0.002866772,0.000006947719,0.00001591575,0.000002357193,0.0008786236,0.0006330329,0.001569708,0.2515457,0.000004054607,0.7424106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004252595,0.001030596,0.02196555,0.008720012,0.00002616066,0.0007907616,0.07067228,0.01236338,0.5284969,0.3119428,0.04228932,0.001276995],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1303667,0.0003443661,0.8655676,0.002084007,0.001406165,0.00009939615,3.562167e-7,0.00002257943,0.0001087671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9619216,0.0002004,0.03758875,0.00001237873,0.0001351274,0.00001034832,3.395421e-7,0.000005233484,0.0001258328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8315548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3115684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3186791274","doi":"10.1007/s40593-021-00267-x","title":"Automated Data-Driven Generation of Personalized Pedagogical Interventions in Intelligent Tutoring Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Personalization; Leverage (statistics); Personalized learning; Intelligent tutoring system; Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; Multimedia; Teaching method; World Wide Web; Cooperative learning; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2944973105335202,"gpt":0.4445601219352538,"spread":0.1500628114017336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001447258,0.0001581572,0.000351384,0.0007850814,0.00003952788,0.0002847428,0.001469371,0.00009529686,0.000046189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009665412,0.0001596275,0.000163516,0.000615634,0.00004883049,0.001104589,0.0002628138,0.0003627075,0.00001592799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004480647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008683921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003145678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001630093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964066,0.0003575804,0.001942563,0.0003652455,0.0007232871,0.0002047928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996744,0.0002005171,0.0009001082,0.000388587,0.001692344,0.00007444104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007546217,0.002439442,0.006116474,0.0001246767,0.0001726977,0.0002280748,0.01409759,0.1744914,0.01937728,0.6026191,0.0002364019,0.1800214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001552121,0.0001661422,0.001854383,0.002856459,0.00002296851,0.000389682,0.01174668,0.9534812,0.01934046,0.002872557,0.006766282,0.0003479741],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2663085,0.002285449,0.7184696,0.0007498222,0.01176412,0.0001971301,0.000008042553,0.00004010125,0.0001772151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983575,0.000345984,0.01485506,0.00002819002,0.0008105245,0.000009929978,0.00003439508,0.00001122693,0.0003296354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7789898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.650942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913729783","doi":"10.1007/s11251-018-09480-z","title":"Emotion regulation tendencies, achievement emotions, and physiological arousal in a medical diagnostic reasoning simulation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instructional Science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Alberta Advanced Education; University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Educational psychology; Arousal; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01929907506078555,"gpt":0.2697188601523077,"spread":0.2504197850915221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000996472,0.00009417984,0.0001073418,0.0001863083,0.0002393911,0.0001323542,0.0003167624,0.00006258574,0.00003702235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008005701,0.00008129432,0.0000213349,0.0006249141,0.0001461012,0.0009484615,0.0001829636,0.0001832161,0.00003056779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001867276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001469293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007289697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004902561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980837,0.00007382756,0.0002454553,0.0004627506,0.0008960279,0.0002383154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993265,0.000218751,0.00009684204,0.000160085,0.0001083865,0.00008945791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005327859,0.00005713553,0.07328003,0.00001337037,0.000003243843,0.000006237419,0.00036498,0.1208542,0.007296467,0.7527305,0.000004295569,0.04538426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001187953,0.00004985987,0.6354439,0.0000970671,4.980768e-7,0.0000321955,0.00004665676,0.3617592,0.00005857408,0.001989217,0.0003253258,0.00007876714],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.889139,0.0000181048,0.1094639,0.0002770295,0.000666225,0.0001467733,3.465251e-7,0.00005307385,0.0002355188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931807,0.000005805018,0.006500277,0.00005351558,0.0001152216,0.000005746095,0.000001784514,0.000002701971,0.0001342622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7507412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3315086,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991537194","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-3984.2007.00042.x","title":"Making Diagnostic Inferences About Cognitive Attributes Using the Rule‐Space Model and Attribute Hierarchy Method","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Educational Measurement","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Hierarchy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Cognition; Space (punctuation); Machine learning; Task (project management); Data mining; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1755289445562674,"gpt":0.3829384330597237,"spread":0.2074094885034563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00550987,0.0001391763,0.0001962573,0.000169431,0.0003720663,0.0002119199,0.0003611003,0.00003798917,0.0000074997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002608317,0.00009551973,0.00008085746,0.0002214061,0.00004469721,0.0003773465,0.00008478374,0.0003044947,0.000002139271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002542503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005992535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002300186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006464323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979032,0.0002022521,0.000495345,0.0001749461,0.000961702,0.000262598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952865,0.002267187,0.0005984638,0.0001137958,0.001633003,0.0001010778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010046,0.000674339,0.2050159,0.0001718073,0.0009540168,0.00003696462,0.02814809,0.0961597,0.01227468,0.6148562,0.0006772376,0.04093064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00167872,0.0006942618,0.8165991,0.008043489,0.0004399923,0.001410597,0.006812615,0.09644426,0.01127169,0.04331274,0.01190875,0.001383775],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06530953,0.002625868,0.9273871,0.003753263,0.0006611432,0.0001270242,0.00000166931,0.000005178392,0.0001291809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9317951,0.00002970626,0.06738267,0.0001907997,0.0004908615,0.000003091204,2.947782e-7,0.000006422064,0.0001010177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8664856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3895182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152872025","doi":"10.5555/1239784.1239789","title":"A web-based bayesian intelligent tutoring system for computer programming","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Web Intelligence and Agent Systems An International Journal","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Bayesian network; Intelligent tutoring system; Artificial intelligence; Reading (process); Bayesian inference; Machine learning; Inference engine; Intelligent decision support system; Process (computing); Inference; Bayesian probability; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0262634517930993,"gpt":0.2719767592526425,"spread":0.2457133074595432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001570956,0.0004163965,0.0004301177,0.000530743,0.0005681566,0.002878997,0.001502356,0.0001443805,0.000009078244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003268411,0.0003651533,0.0002710178,0.0002156597,0.00005858696,0.001049814,0.0001637921,0.0003871323,0.00003017528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004722425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002384916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002731092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001922565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962469,0.000212143,0.00122646,0.0007275518,0.0009292973,0.0006576746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975926,0.0001755519,0.0006516552,0.0003874153,0.0008969815,0.0002958117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000845758,0.00038638,0.008814269,0.0003523443,0.0002985702,0.0004607902,0.0008636748,0.141063,0.001809704,0.7206156,0.0005107214,0.1247403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003987969,0.0003792746,0.0002324756,0.001112348,0.00002047797,0.0009031545,0.0006361001,0.7886947,0.001555414,0.0001665648,0.2053735,0.0005271871],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01441923,0.0004524588,0.9746076,0.0001792651,0.009115855,0.0005934816,0.00001165307,0.0002961573,0.0003243142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9571107,0.00003604213,0.03723067,0.00007113501,0.004462859,0.0001053418,0.00001457803,0.00004238815,0.0009262552],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9426915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W43596881","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511611186.001","title":"Why Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Psychology; Strengths and weaknesses; Educational psychology; Applied psychology; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03868696789913666,"gpt":0.2430534940838148,"spread":0.2043665261846782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002608084,0.0004422852,0.000430742,0.0003095076,0.0003133869,0.0001732011,0.001038111,0.0003494329,0.000005415334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004492767,0.0005221898,0.0002542807,0.00001702224,0.0001298199,0.0002337614,0.0007330002,0.0008394674,0.00005295195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003029026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001484838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001724987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002499699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979692,0.0000694343,0.0002508124,0.0007765861,0.0004941527,0.0004397755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977823,0.0007354111,0.0003421101,0.0005472834,0.0003837263,0.0002091721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008829497,0.000009374859,0.000008003944,0.00004744789,0.0001385223,0.001202791,0.0000606498,0.000004764237,0.000006419305,0.9853007,0.009777796,0.00343474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000303342,0.00009129876,0.00004932399,0.0007198788,0.00009145994,0.00002941621,0.00003600678,0.0002153154,0.0001501223,0.00001520558,0.9977264,0.0005722733],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008642481,0.00009191147,0.3386106,0.00001126997,0.0005235142,0.0002900608,0.00003156105,0.0002060283,0.6602265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00100775,0.00004415085,0.0009915701,0.000279883,0.000272454,8.722481e-7,0.00001998748,0.00004211263,0.9973412],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9879485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3113831542","doi":"10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104114","title":"Automated detection of cognitive engagement to inform the art of staying engaged in problem-solving","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Cognition; Psychology; Student engagement; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive load; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0378988909459476,"gpt":0.2806619445385334,"spread":0.2427630535925858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000967749,0.00008692672,0.0001333062,0.0001329965,0.000169137,0.00005040033,0.0002985517,0.00002409997,0.000001931901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002451168,0.0000744363,0.00003516077,0.0006514512,0.00001339744,0.0002485811,0.0001043447,0.0002596081,0.00001264907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006631499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001478816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007459913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006654799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988331,0.0003209099,0.0003441607,0.0001838489,0.000186954,0.0001310953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990335,0.0003792859,0.000215437,0.0001334434,0.0001950692,0.00004334002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004988632,0.0003006892,0.00341521,0.0004277431,0.00009006604,0.000001684175,0.5041054,0.03550217,0.05042706,0.02271252,0.0009877988,0.3819797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008782421,0.001206876,0.08293311,0.003190163,0.00003194676,0.000007968511,0.03396324,0.7152523,0.1330375,0.0002078089,0.0286228,0.0006680456],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2631716,0.00003815354,0.7345543,0.0006936677,0.0004932608,0.0005044044,3.841644e-7,0.0001015353,0.0004426794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901726,0.000002247954,0.009475986,0.00020518,0.00005966002,0.00002054229,0.000002046826,0.000005420665,0.00005627757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.727001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3035424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142413505","doi":"10.1080/15305058.2011.635830","title":"The Role of Item Models in Automatic Item Generation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Testing","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Item bank; Item response theory; Field (mathematics); Process (computing); Task (project management); Item analysis; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Psychometrics; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05584327543240598,"gpt":0.2802359057096199,"spread":0.224392630277214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001123365,0.0000549732,0.00009084748,0.0001210565,0.00004866486,0.0000937959,0.000565279,0.00001937475,0.000001522759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000806732,0.0000386334,0.00004654743,0.0001100318,0.000009873956,0.0007630216,0.00007615348,0.0001355219,0.000002585245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008477976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004694521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003488693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001858335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988478,0.00007309751,0.0004880591,0.00005200132,0.0004131384,0.0001258494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982786,0.000619226,0.0005416789,0.00007565037,0.000453362,0.00003143993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005637917,0.0001025387,0.118131,0.000009463947,0.00008560302,0.00001707304,0.004145116,0.06390452,0.03249722,0.3308772,0.00004594932,0.4501787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000101048,0.00003617009,0.006687047,0.0002224879,0.000002250874,0.0001477198,0.0001720109,0.9844022,0.004600285,0.002245387,0.001328538,0.00005486505],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7609475,0.001763976,0.2330461,0.0002231673,0.001914477,0.00005622113,3.418423e-7,0.00001633788,0.002031922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9800276,0.000006450313,0.01930923,0.00001579494,0.0005468738,0.000001011035,1.110438e-7,0.000003748071,0.00008919115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9204977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1575424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158424251","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-30139-4_6","title":"Evaluating a Probabilistic Model of Student Affect","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Affect (linguistics); Probabilistic logic; Bayesian network; Focus (optics); Statistical model; Dynamic Bayesian network; Machine learning; Arousal; Bayesian probability; Artificial intelligence; Empirical research; Emotion detection; Affective computing; Emotion recognition; Psychology; Social psychology; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0724588039669964,"gpt":0.3314946900857111,"spread":0.2590358861187148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001889186,0.0004639104,0.0006279662,0.0005850952,0.0001857182,0.0002761972,0.002734811,0.0002080798,0.00000822387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001576294,0.0004080627,0.0001745702,0.0003667909,0.0003395108,0.000328626,0.001171085,0.0007161478,0.00001783942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006117653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001077374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000274345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001243581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958301,0.00005292706,0.0006883699,0.001321054,0.001550282,0.0005572223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974422,0.0003969576,0.0005084456,0.001125418,0.0004171382,0.0001098272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001765695,0.000021854,0.00002627339,0.00007992252,0.000008383254,0.00001206303,0.001248929,0.7182118,0.0004380419,0.212489,2.713931e-7,0.06746174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001783617,0.0003392125,0.00005349419,0.001463021,0.00000893977,0.0000145113,2.258617e-7,0.8483555,0.0009776856,0.1481804,0.00001999734,0.0004086323],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00125037,0.000233293,0.9950238,0.00007790562,0.001010595,0.000612669,0.000001881967,0.0001030316,0.001686412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6234294,0.000006262012,0.3753688,0.0001143343,0.0002281454,0.00001274747,8.780973e-7,0.00003009556,0.0008093026],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.622179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1483653773","doi":"10.1007/3-540-44566-8_12","title":"User Modelling in I-Help: What, Why, When and How","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Viewpoints; Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Architecture; Human–computer interaction; World Wide Web; Knowledge management; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03073654202155834,"gpt":0.2320007995793241,"spread":0.2012642575577658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001167449,0.0005365111,0.0005739185,0.0009666739,0.000213873,0.002332832,0.001963512,0.0003286291,0.000009779001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004045825,0.0004988695,0.00009104349,0.0004029105,0.0002930642,0.002036378,0.001042166,0.001073846,0.00001584341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002754252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001980568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001157445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000118638,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963029,0.00005843583,0.0004139091,0.001624557,0.0008382095,0.0007620033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981585,0.0003444582,0.0002593285,0.0008948677,0.0001858414,0.0001570345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000501147,0.00002089473,0.0004195893,0.000066656,0.00001192365,0.0003156651,0.003337062,0.3726113,0.00004899714,0.1420007,0.00003054142,0.4811317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002007307,0.0001080453,0.00003791675,0.001907858,0.000003789672,0.0001107381,0.000002481004,0.8791136,0.0001724391,0.06412324,0.05345032,0.0007688656],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002108095,0.002103158,0.9926351,0.001598653,0.00172855,0.00031915,6.530133e-7,0.0001032449,0.001300713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2048397,0.001527512,0.7680533,0.003721051,0.002155833,0.00002866224,0.000005138712,0.0001553538,0.01951345],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5065023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125370128","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccedu.2009.05.001","title":"An intelligent tutoring system for the accounting cycle: Enhancing textbook homework with artificial intelligence","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Accounting Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Test (biology); Intelligent tutoring system; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0167462197519819,"gpt":0.2868896879743829,"spread":0.270143468222401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002703456,0.0002199026,0.0002871907,0.0002776089,0.0006107202,0.001153437,0.001103078,0.00008057893,0.000003151721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002431685,0.0001498936,0.0001292798,0.0004710589,0.00002300563,0.001715266,0.00003505349,0.0004482324,0.00001006824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003499579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005337659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004837141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007111378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977603,0.00007725371,0.0009168552,0.000303565,0.0005541588,0.0003878988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966196,0.000414399,0.001319779,0.0004306408,0.001128378,0.00008724782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006982054,0.0002366654,0.001176523,0.0001346397,0.00007474184,0.000005786042,0.0075232,0.02643916,0.008072554,0.2868452,0.00006320787,0.6693585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008308549,0.006662888,0.03665638,0.02407948,0.0008158119,0.003639885,0.1671831,0.3408413,0.2946735,0.0382001,0.08174675,0.004669941],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1031379,0.000428227,0.8922226,0.000490858,0.003172524,0.0002938933,2.137053e-7,0.00006663943,0.0001870904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9642029,0.00001141168,0.03198779,0.0001302009,0.003501471,0.00001188268,5.60019e-7,0.00001918233,0.0001346194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.861065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080381769","doi":"10.1109/wi.2004.15","title":"A Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Computer Programming","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Intelligent tutoring system; Bayesian network; Reading (process); Intelligent decision support system; World Wide Web; Web intelligence; Process (computing); Class (philosophy); Artificial intelligence; Web modeling; Multimedia; Human–computer interaction; Web page; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02508810995159691,"gpt":0.2521410517118812,"spread":0.2270529417602843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005135069,0.0002052471,0.0002301695,0.0001432021,0.000246329,0.0003943266,0.000611418,0.00006599193,0.000001992857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001719261,0.0001752133,0.000174835,0.0002451638,0.00001676666,0.0002430093,0.0001133189,0.000125547,0.00007766432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003296593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001474993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007912426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005509348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998345,0.00003422068,0.0003689931,0.0004922771,0.0002744107,0.0004851574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990847,0.00009488368,0.0001194893,0.0004026584,0.000180082,0.0001182219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006165371,0.00006017505,0.0001892272,0.0002115139,0.00002755694,0.00001908528,0.0004344991,0.0520093,0.0005021013,0.8941982,0.00003467393,0.05230747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001765817,0.0006990456,0.00009533406,0.001184664,0.00001610218,0.00005723702,0.0003275113,0.4226653,0.04774697,0.0002394758,0.5243731,0.0008294198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002837732,0.00004855603,0.9929278,0.0001943137,0.001764782,0.0005979405,5.776325e-7,0.0009715174,0.0006567683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.573541,3.130361e-7,0.4250426,0.00007735001,0.0003950659,0.0001034312,0.000001238569,0.00001717498,0.0008217854],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8939587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7144989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1539591738","doi":"10.1007/3-540-45108-0_9","title":"Active Learner Modelling","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Argument (complex analysis); Process (computing); Domain (mathematical analysis); Action (physics); Verb; Artificial intelligence; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02718184775081257,"gpt":0.2402955247583097,"spread":0.2131136770074972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006422357,0.0005602191,0.0005430551,0.0007730827,0.0003601755,0.0006086956,0.002746589,0.0003348336,0.00006912671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002446917,0.0005132244,0.0001800768,0.0004226369,0.0003055677,0.0007332768,0.000674577,0.001320741,0.0002821201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003676379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004005795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007531922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001236633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995988,0.00004339933,0.0005030335,0.00166264,0.001023578,0.0007793873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997938,0.0002946634,0.0002602277,0.001136517,0.0002048346,0.0001657184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003583866,0.000008287123,0.000003212769,0.000009436675,0.000007969638,0.00005704292,0.000744577,0.507426,0.00001802546,0.09527411,0.000003009044,0.3964447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001213685,0.0001137844,0.000007071654,0.0005809166,0.000005075012,0.00005845557,2.692716e-7,0.8471661,0.0008433845,0.1106471,0.03971901,0.0007374613],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005271911,0.0003270381,0.970717,0.0002021585,0.001517827,0.0002678614,0.000001891705,0.0002100328,0.02670347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2865633,0.0002707886,0.6719428,0.00178066,0.003131601,0.00002461882,0.000008799463,0.0001814025,0.03609599],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3957072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039552226","doi":"10.1145/2207243.2207248","title":"Mapping question items to skills with non-negative matrix factorization","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Non-negative matrix factorization; Matrix decomposition; Task (project management); Variance (accounting); Machine learning; Process (computing); Matrix (chemical analysis); Artificial intelligence; Automation; Data science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02240098912766123,"gpt":0.2745934823823906,"spread":0.2521924932547293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003212735,0.0002145944,0.0001769905,0.0002825498,0.000308026,0.0002982607,0.0005205843,0.00007046193,0.00001855726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002153938,0.000181545,0.00004566347,0.0007647304,0.00001728649,0.002462961,0.0001737878,0.0001870994,0.0008543778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001322679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003412978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007741132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007282661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984357,0.0001304405,0.0003026733,0.0003497715,0.0003480504,0.0004333366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986187,0.0001825056,0.0001504977,0.0006758757,0.0002141025,0.0001582837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004640735,0.0008319368,0.1440743,0.0001391844,0.0003685424,0.00002596708,0.2370605,0.04386597,0.1791833,0.3235664,0.0520613,0.01877621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015052,0.000870163,0.08026609,0.001182965,0.00005271263,0.00007895455,0.005121108,0.008711734,0.102313,0.002340025,0.7943868,0.00317127],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04080229,0.00001429557,0.9532901,0.003892508,0.001011222,0.0004223181,0.000001766766,0.0002000857,0.0003654064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8864707,0.000002108466,0.1071907,0.001195016,0.001238252,0.0001489863,0.00001445886,0.00002628781,0.003713462],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8460994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164777163","doi":"10.1109/icalt.2007.277","title":"Using machine learning to predict learner emotional state from brainwaves","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Objectivity (philosophy); Mental state; State (computer science); Cognition; Artificial intelligence; Human–computer interaction; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.038367230683017,"gpt":0.2786576316303933,"spread":0.2402904009473762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008176297,0.0001568922,0.0001565984,0.0001650157,0.0002512861,0.0001976185,0.0003950302,0.00004416805,0.0001198708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001038797,0.0001376472,0.00006616276,0.000278003,0.00001504411,0.0003317818,0.0002465989,0.000284392,0.0002088766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008149182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003761206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001458915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006804762,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983688,0.00008634105,0.0002986252,0.000423456,0.0004086272,0.0004141503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992384,0.0001784748,0.00008614758,0.000226792,0.0000987725,0.0001713946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007505568,0.0001778768,0.2146495,0.0000339289,0.0002462881,0.0002780511,0.01529579,0.3092548,0.09753771,0.253144,0.0004772921,0.1088296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004972507,0.0002990089,0.05669322,0.0002425224,0.000008699049,0.0000465771,0.0004991568,0.6560912,0.02067496,0.001682503,0.2624015,0.00086341],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.218822,0.00004459773,0.7776227,0.0001259768,0.0004178026,0.00008362993,0.000001850844,0.0002237204,0.002657704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8160416,0.000001702584,0.1479766,0.0003210697,0.0003715744,0.000001055991,0.000005030556,0.00002028984,0.03526108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6296461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5613089,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W114885213","doi":"","title":"Intelligent tutoring systems: new challenges and directions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Field (mathematics); Intelligent tutoring system; Human–computer interaction; Multimedia; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04782492258025271,"gpt":0.2592471466756662,"spread":0.2114222240954135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002174788,0.0001184804,0.0001423632,0.00009952924,0.000119657,0.0002056378,0.0002376561,0.0000403555,0.000003271042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002734024,0.0001001644,0.0000345524,0.0001020126,0.000006872066,0.0003189119,0.00006114824,0.0001092589,0.00004640039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004163342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000247086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001565218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004695179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990866,0.00004114708,0.0001849182,0.0003109583,0.0001571212,0.0002192191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994656,0.00005118956,0.00004915558,0.0002638232,0.00004164047,0.000128546],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.720498e-7,0.000009753247,0.00002160106,0.000006343393,0.000007033377,0.000003837539,0.0019977,0.0001303747,0.0002116157,0.729404,0.0000858069,0.2681215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001586888,0.0003254899,0.005186151,0.0002938818,0.000007733976,0.0001405394,0.001980171,0.01335583,0.002999549,0.002429277,0.972624,0.0004987147],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003027386,0.03624798,0.8961364,0.001945614,0.001872092,0.0002134656,1.094576e-7,0.0007448315,0.05981211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9138498,0.00246745,0.00805761,0.00008774713,0.0006406445,0.00000549306,1.737214e-7,0.000008951434,0.07488218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9725382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4084584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031727930","doi":"10.3758/bf03196426","title":"Efficiency of retrieval correlates with “logical” reasoning from causal conditional premises","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Memory & Cognition","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Antecedent (behavioral psychology); Psychology; Causal reasoning; Logical reasoning; Denial; Cognitive psychology; Conditional probability; Relation (database); Causal model; Cognition; Social psychology; Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02451730966401147,"gpt":0.2228148076426696,"spread":0.1982974979786581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001814565,0.0001259917,0.0001682222,0.00006734872,0.0001558003,0.00006184486,0.000210353,0.0000637518,0.0003170308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001361768,0.0001037756,0.00004800499,0.0002218466,0.00007228237,0.0002902128,0.00004719665,0.0001728975,0.00009948276],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002869429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001868563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002480538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001102439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998774,0.00009109691,0.000236488,0.0003208028,0.0003902485,0.0001873627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991453,0.0002222274,0.0001905,0.0001725542,0.0002153214,0.00005403905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001042246,0.004085391,0.05215372,0.0005521536,0.001169404,0.001369809,0.03286817,0.03501334,0.3842449,0.4233674,0.004357164,0.05977631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006416684,0.004567657,0.09502505,0.005004231,0.0003871747,0.0005754448,0.002606921,0.3968386,0.4648307,0.01334881,0.00741839,0.002980306],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6494213,0.0002203459,0.3409326,0.00004907835,0.000255346,0.0001569914,0.00001534751,0.0001373844,0.008811628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957702,0.00000744291,0.002643482,0.00004499192,0.0001378164,0.000005337532,0.00002809763,0.000007807397,0.001354784],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4100186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4231845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2292946724","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1076762","title":"Predicting The Three Major Dimensions Of The Learner-S Emotions From Brainwaves","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03599309996103749,"gpt":0.2397388836090774,"spread":0.2037457836480399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001151109,0.00009320393,0.00009049175,0.00007850467,0.002938228,0.0003927496,0.001781726,0.0000386088,0.0004947884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007884857,0.00005616943,0.00007163247,0.0005382515,0.0001303931,0.0001961163,0.001626791,0.0003157787,0.0008710263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005312363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005392676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002088299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003835872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985778,0.0002635645,0.0002519627,0.0002723169,0.0003639085,0.0002704509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986418,0.0001361245,0.0001592416,0.0006550293,0.0003382384,0.00006954394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003066509,0.0002043876,0.0007593071,0.00003983023,0.0001856722,0.00001402969,0.02019942,0.001523927,0.04123319,0.7675796,0.01651292,0.1517171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001887955,0.000109763,0.02065289,0.0001004797,0.0000121164,0.00005374377,0.001157578,0.003491295,0.002593921,0.001729858,0.9697757,0.0001338082],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3686999,0.0001748722,0.5506372,0.003604059,0.0008319537,0.0007820382,0.00005312957,0.0009550638,0.07426179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965429,0.000006280968,0.0005550678,0.0001007251,0.0001659549,1.605403e-8,0.00001907912,0.0002169998,0.002392963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9532628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108865692","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-07221-0_23","title":"Beyond Knowledge Tracing: Modeling Skill Topologies with Bayesian Networks","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretability; Computer science; Network topology; Artificial intelligence; Bayesian network; Machine learning; Hierarchy; Domain knowledge; Bayesian probability; Domain (mathematical analysis); Task (project management); Tracing; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01730247966605262,"gpt":0.2412890759018466,"spread":0.2239865962357939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001158918,0.0006840632,0.0007194468,0.0006747742,0.0004824875,0.0007635962,0.002881064,0.0003949121,0.000009024907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006065336,0.0005416141,0.0001450683,0.0004697627,0.0004213477,0.0004404242,0.0009126118,0.001279822,0.00002837371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002939975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000364955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004221059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001067716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959895,0.00006853123,0.000579736,0.001721664,0.0007061019,0.0009344406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974254,0.0004653287,0.0003103957,0.001267447,0.0003468694,0.0001845558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003594721,0.000009059797,0.0000299204,0.00002651396,0.00001076632,0.00003621089,0.001045609,0.6853817,0.000003935886,0.1442938,0.000003836764,0.1691551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001367634,0.0002458769,0.000008573607,0.0008599742,0.00000779302,0.0000841977,0.000001246709,0.9634417,0.0000959889,0.03301724,0.001388092,0.0007125818],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004283881,0.0008548542,0.9868064,0.0001998471,0.002165442,0.0003045426,6.025275e-7,0.0002939492,0.009331549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7760189,0.00002899561,0.218887,0.0004061931,0.001390284,0.00001043397,0.000002514256,0.00006203563,0.003193673],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.775976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1827386195","doi":"10.1007/3-540-45108-0_58","title":"Inspecting and Visualizing Distributed Bayesian Student Models","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Bayesian network; Computer science; Visualization; Bayesian probability; Bayesian inference; Artificial intelligence; Variable-order Bayesian network; Process (computing); Graphical model; Machine learning; Data science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02302677697127483,"gpt":0.2714861585448253,"spread":0.2484593815735505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008719184,0.0005050306,0.0005434196,0.0005891494,0.000485727,0.001054484,0.001819801,0.0002386471,0.000009906865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003216378,0.0004921731,0.00009918331,0.0004062477,0.0002680723,0.0007740401,0.001065868,0.0008857141,0.00001505484],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003421165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002028816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006877785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002338295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962164,0.00005000816,0.0005746336,0.001543726,0.0009241341,0.0006911268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983056,0.00029376,0.0002722103,0.0007922061,0.0001510458,0.0001852149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003532797,0.00002487272,0.0001395525,0.00003910337,0.0000211616,0.0001560263,0.003809059,0.188606,0.00005653696,0.3314616,0.000002332753,0.4756803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001948577,0.0001573847,0.0001634038,0.001082755,0.000008004938,0.0001196217,0.000002210793,0.8633316,0.0002879759,0.1309244,0.002885151,0.0008426545],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003519179,0.0006877884,0.9934662,0.0001546615,0.0009080037,0.0003000582,0.000003500486,0.0002232459,0.003904641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8743635,0.0001163711,0.1235189,0.0004414043,0.0007508281,0.000009240371,0.000005440257,0.00005796537,0.0007363578],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8740116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108183197","doi":"10.1007/11774303_46","title":"Automatic Recognition of Learner Groups in Exploratory Learning Environments","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cluster analysis; Artificial intelligence; Classifier (UML); Unsupervised learning; Identification (biology); Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02268793771620907,"gpt":0.2225251340501825,"spread":0.1998371963339734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001258219,0.0004127618,0.0005526352,0.001017351,0.0001342242,0.0001692643,0.001307437,0.0002694126,0.00002504529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008397506,0.0004080252,0.0001158665,0.0004286356,0.000286214,0.000624513,0.0005885392,0.001061157,0.00008322692],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003869505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001646698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005801566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002474737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966384,0.0001161922,0.0007636013,0.0010607,0.0008975628,0.000523568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998404,0.0003200758,0.0005339557,0.0005969251,0.00007190029,0.00007311092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003402394,0.00005992758,0.000640488,0.0001159869,0.00001116852,0.0001074947,0.002359498,0.2147563,0.0008066656,0.006416817,0.000006395549,0.7747158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006085196,0.000503085,0.002019887,0.003882416,0.00001280462,0.00005156585,0.0000053999,0.9381316,0.004775752,0.04225149,0.006264074,0.001493369],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006181729,0.0002832857,0.9904306,0.00004169537,0.0008418637,0.0002791309,0.000001037445,0.00008501401,0.001855624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9106268,0.00004387773,0.08596613,0.00014659,0.0003985179,0.00001947864,0.00001164108,0.0000624016,0.002724525],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9044645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117815678","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-14363-2_5","title":"Building Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in computational intelligence","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Computer science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Presentation (obstetrics); Intelligent tutoring system; Artificial intelligence; Management science; Data science; Human–computer interaction; Engineering; Mathematics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09851281264360946,"gpt":0.354028725288242,"spread":0.2555159126446325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001337706,0.0008070531,0.001089008,0.0006827193,0.0005043189,0.0003126987,0.001585376,0.0004312479,0.00001249498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006639604,0.0008015481,0.0003731409,0.0001998442,0.0003065635,0.0003204723,0.0007967484,0.001191291,0.0001186927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007128821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002270804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004611388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001920763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953684,0.00006294893,0.001576316,0.001385969,0.0008818242,0.0007245397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99397,0.002772474,0.0007808737,0.0006775928,0.001660262,0.0001387642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000853796,0.00002043696,0.00000975026,0.0002949413,0.0002127142,0.00003508581,0.001153001,0.15925,0.00001663677,0.8308075,0.0001280685,0.008063328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001568403,0.0002311997,0.000008115382,0.002952079,0.00003907612,0.00008980525,0.0003766522,0.08182087,0.0002743419,0.4103092,0.5024351,0.001306764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002967142,0.008788977,0.9652967,0.0002071057,0.009742131,0.001193849,0.00002654114,0.000253888,0.01446116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04583516,0.003129408,0.5622731,0.0004048511,0.004372751,0.0007957465,0.00006283094,0.0003545085,0.3827716],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5023071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1505403295","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-04380-2_18","title":"Evaluating Adaptive Feedback in an Educational Computer Game","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer game; Educational game; Human–computer interaction; Multimedia; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05554463983765501,"gpt":0.3203511902769898,"spread":0.2648065504393348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001859253,0.0006691582,0.0006824683,0.00120057,0.0002426535,0.0008144735,0.003139851,0.0003429731,0.00003800797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007249151,0.0006531048,0.0001468314,0.0006947898,0.0003027035,0.001176546,0.0007571767,0.001350542,0.0001107103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007934019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001045379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006808026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001090006,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945701,0.0001555547,0.0008506231,0.002111481,0.001412846,0.0008993498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997091,0.0006030531,0.0004638977,0.001206488,0.0004127784,0.0002228141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007268386,0.00005618095,0.000147923,0.00001581436,0.000006249349,0.00004235832,0.001706076,0.2538977,0.00006682946,0.1194717,0.000004739391,0.6245772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002898301,0.0007581327,0.002728783,0.001141332,0.000004517829,0.00006837741,6.012652e-7,0.8929965,0.0001377173,0.100041,0.0009598986,0.0008732837],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.000954196,0.000291764,0.9930393,0.0007084304,0.002357417,0.0005108692,0.000002053956,0.0001180209,0.00201795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2349733,0.00001197325,0.7575091,0.001512758,0.002745859,0.00001817665,0.00001095601,0.0000587857,0.003159154],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6390989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1544836239","doi":"","title":"Evaluating an Intelligent Tutoring System for Design Patterns: The DEPTHS Experience.","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Software engineering; Software development; Field (mathematics); Software; Software construction; Software design; Software design pattern; Social software engineering; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1657090739081954,"gpt":0.3760739588393112,"spread":0.2103648849311158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001794826,0.0001993198,0.0001880167,0.00006635116,0.0005407008,0.0005381223,0.001160345,0.00005183573,0.00000717685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001034275,0.0001294086,0.0001006274,0.0001728989,0.00001291556,0.0005730592,0.00007883705,0.0001337596,0.0000238364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000145531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004975171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006728342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002156973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979588,0.0002485937,0.0004145062,0.0005078814,0.0004160439,0.0004541309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986215,0.0002855491,0.0001531409,0.0006556832,0.0001879529,0.00009618117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001554668,0.00005154675,0.0003967657,0.00003835749,0.00002073443,0.00000839026,0.01532033,0.02462506,0.005953401,0.6822104,0.00003507322,0.2713244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002586472,0.001300927,0.0008669351,0.0003645021,0.00001260941,0.00005940335,0.009437073,0.910801,0.06898601,0.000755999,0.006617815,0.000539079],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02719938,0.00008877921,0.9700287,0.0001265148,0.0009798488,0.0006851175,2.954004e-7,0.0003806576,0.0005107293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9081149,0.000002023691,0.08962636,0.0001654082,0.0004078853,0.0001182829,5.614646e-7,0.0000116738,0.001552946],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8861759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5277129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987580937","doi":"10.1007/s40593-015-0043-2","title":"Evaluation Methods for Intelligent Tutoring Systems Revisited","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Learning analytics; Matching (statistics); Data science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Educational technology; Intelligent tutoring system; Analytics; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1670174479393055,"gpt":0.4703094401001817,"spread":0.3032919921608762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01038944,0.0001595572,0.0002655608,0.0007998694,0.00004793791,0.0004605498,0.001151391,0.00008559042,0.000008437501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003746062,0.0001521202,0.0001341296,0.0004158843,0.00002374425,0.001012288,0.0000782074,0.0002451539,0.0000210068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001229831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00129541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001271872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005344563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965832,0.0005374348,0.001342684,0.0002759377,0.001039046,0.0002216803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916745,0.0003940386,0.0008601348,0.000234288,0.006696211,0.0001408496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003741098,0.000187853,0.0001854007,0.000009097983,0.0000484124,0.000002451482,0.00321182,0.02658537,0.000623582,0.2482743,0.000138066,0.7206963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000170421,0.0004401354,0.0001484671,0.0009647842,0.00005291882,0.0002057827,0.009421441,0.7063757,0.01752426,0.1479625,0.1163026,0.000431053],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005179755,0.002185437,0.9716184,0.0005577088,0.01959402,0.0004369642,8.723478e-7,0.00002175644,0.0004050447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7579148,0.0001139908,0.238482,0.0000942312,0.002955168,0.00009426066,0.000007318065,0.00002256622,0.0003156557],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7527351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6203281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074173907","doi":"10.1080/10790195.2010.10850328","title":"Tutoring Center Effectiveness: The Effect of Drop-In Tutoring","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of College Reading and Learning","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Mathematics education; Drop out; Psychology; Center (category theory); Persistence (discontinuity); Class (philosophy); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Geography; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005189826398773374,"gpt":0.2383794134305136,"spread":0.2331895870317402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005280903,0.0001527447,0.000410528,0.0002577186,0.0002396933,0.0001061837,0.0003872515,0.00007303638,0.000002172431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006438688,0.00009871635,0.00012866,0.0003128074,0.00003953326,0.0003750824,0.0001025822,0.001389911,0.00000161799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000499691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004156349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003539151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002022672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981048,0.0006898356,0.0004595974,0.000170309,0.0003191567,0.000256279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974645,0.001721412,0.0004695526,0.0001613171,0.0001132962,0.00006992274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002389723,0.00006111762,0.7141254,0.0005183264,0.0001903367,0.0003087586,0.007510539,0.008335294,0.1344439,0.05835998,0.00001833625,0.07588909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01235147,0.009446822,0.3905022,0.01809629,0.0002150106,0.01090862,0.003565833,0.07250193,0.2522318,0.0007096131,0.2273412,0.002129219],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843403,0.0002358939,0.01302036,0.00004769639,0.001368697,0.0001140026,1.716504e-7,0.00001824736,0.0008546771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983578,0.00001522305,0.0007331147,0.000002661939,0.0003246167,0.000002755952,5.150691e-8,0.00001228374,0.0005514718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3236232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6038547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1525946179","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-02247-0_4","title":"Modeling User Affect from Causes and Effects","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Affect (linguistics); Valence (chemistry); Variety (cybernetics); User modeling; Human–computer interaction; Computer users; Affective computing; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; User interface; Multimedia; Programming language","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0183781279023989,"gpt":0.2433182869779303,"spread":0.2249401590755314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005884161,0.0005392453,0.0005825848,0.0005118856,0.000285106,0.0007869669,0.00157786,0.0002901869,0.000004103169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008962913,0.0004754547,0.0001053937,0.0002418697,0.0001736333,0.0005716492,0.0007734316,0.0008167034,0.00003020139],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001861028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001770738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001890138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006118207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966987,0.00005714007,0.0003824694,0.001540212,0.0007359823,0.0005855239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980322,0.0006137876,0.0001581072,0.0008920614,0.0001403551,0.0001635464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004988447,0.00001801809,0.0001383259,0.00006469411,0.00002571684,0.0002450205,0.00129488,0.2331107,0.0005569644,0.06696067,0.000006055177,0.697574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001949353,0.0002104986,0.0001672176,0.001580786,0.00001180627,0.00003728615,1.779349e-7,0.9362333,0.001631219,0.05698328,0.002184448,0.0007650497],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001750054,0.001620321,0.9936812,0.0001535466,0.00156735,0.0003331826,0.000001518942,0.0001890853,0.0007037296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6691035,0.0001188978,0.3252781,0.001603682,0.001466535,0.000009196453,0.000004001852,0.00006376921,0.002352373],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7031226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W125847312","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-39112-5_45","title":"A Matrix Factorization Method for Mapping Items to Skills and for Enhancing Expert-Based Q-Matrices","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Factorization; Task (project management); Matrix decomposition; Artificial intelligence; Matrix (chemical analysis); Non-negative matrix factorization; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0238286391928949,"gpt":0.3022398418829131,"spread":0.2784112026900182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001286331,0.0004549453,0.0005453571,0.0009073624,0.0003886735,0.0009429062,0.001215506,0.0002490538,0.000004544998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003091356,0.0004079805,0.0001343291,0.0003827909,0.00006403581,0.0004886528,0.0003552763,0.0002613605,0.000009511725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002553093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002415729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005875297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002409607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996887,0.00003832034,0.0005735207,0.001383166,0.0004970587,0.0006209397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965258,0.001919388,0.0003658972,0.0005512377,0.0004686861,0.0001689433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008301919,0.00003315389,0.0000392883,0.000424281,0.00002781258,0.000004752618,0.0053205,0.1172675,0.01021103,0.08070789,0.00006193502,0.7858936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003063107,0.0003410117,0.00002104112,0.001402873,0.000006782026,0.00001067365,0.00000197782,0.9204898,0.01297869,0.0157217,0.04788622,0.0008329427],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000300962,0.0004360403,0.9953339,0.0003813383,0.001956959,0.001661773,0.000006752712,0.0001302226,0.00006293131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01037582,0.000009201794,0.986512,0.0006913351,0.0008221042,0.0001323112,0.000004857586,0.00004174176,0.001410594],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8032222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}