{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":2672,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":2672,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"130294258987","filters":{"topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2056153447","doi":"10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.2061","title":"Variation in δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C trophic fractionation: Implications for aquatic food web studies","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1816,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Trophic level; Food web; Herbivore; Fractionation; Stable isotope ratio; Isotope analysis; Predation; Biology; Isotope; Ecology; Invertebrate; Chemistry; Physics","authors":[{"name":"M. Jake Vander Zanden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph B. Rasmussen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01718653601958293,"gpt":0.2562990339332009,"spread":0.2391124979136179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002570011,0.0003216008,0.0002896247,0.0004060502,0.0003003576,0.0005349572,0.0004333453,0.0003131584,0.0003855696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005989515,0.0001755362,0.0003482832,0.0006491263,0.0004410158,0.0004661997,0.0003878529,0.0002710127,0.00005295001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004701873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003598773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008044622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009208978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994013,0.0002090772,0.00007477335,0.000174125,0.0001106074,0.00003006765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997043,0.001914592,0.0003846342,0.0002974684,0.0002657597,0.00009453666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004401874,0.0001187147,0.871035,0.0001217717,0.0002990574,0.0002298742,0.0003734465,0.03348575,0.06717943,0.001011075,0.0002609261,0.02544474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000108659,0.0001361641,0.9207018,0.00001691253,0.00004937965,0.00014795,0.0001781086,0.06769715,0.008256608,0.002138615,0.0006271246,0.0000392596],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931282,0.0001312532,0.005978383,0.00004917878,0.000004024252,0.000009585562,0.0002185324,0.00002787617,0.0004530439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966834,0.00003956864,0.002971635,0.000027751,0.000001993282,0.00000986214,0.0002016738,0.00001351367,0.00005064556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008044622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01599562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125382680","doi":"10.1038/35046058","title":"Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1640,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Autotroph; Herbivore; Ecological stoichiometry; Terrestrial ecosystem; Primary producers; Nutrient; Food web; Ecology; Ecosystem; Nutrient cycle; Zooplankton; Habitat; Aquatic ecosystem; Invertebrate; Terrestrial plant; Biology; Environmental science; Phytoplankton","authors":[{"name":"James J. Elser","is_ca":false},{"name":"William F. Fagan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert F. Denno","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dean R. Dobberfuhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayoola Folarin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea F. Huberty","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sebastian J. Interlandi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan S. Kilham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward McCauley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kimberly L. Schulz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Evan Siemann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert W. Sterner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004816167254731349,"gpt":0.2178918366399116,"spread":0.2130756693851803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000718386,0.0001964443,0.0004137294,0.001007597,0.0004757348,0.001181665,0.0004133018,0.0005817908,0.001795394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002447534,0.0003771765,0.0002069974,0.0007734682,0.001136513,0.0009592313,0.0006150473,0.0003353962,0.0001423739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007077931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000417273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0053482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01511765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998379,0.00005080682,0.00001396396,0.00003294217,0.00003399389,0.00003045372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988322,0.0006301083,0.0001862416,0.00005884713,0.0001081797,0.0001844116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003012588,0.0002651038,0.5847902,0.0005916442,0.0008012385,0.00105351,0.001767104,0.02423151,0.2136931,0.07347982,0.001579344,0.09473483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004282069,0.0001210214,0.928929,0.00004567046,0.00008576935,0.0005044917,0.0006875739,0.01607702,0.003479901,0.04817984,0.001785808,0.00006104964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956456,0.000958586,0.0009636437,0.0001803786,0.000004961377,0.000002898398,0.0001144332,0.000007701558,0.002121799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982821,0.0004858352,0.0006990628,0.00003907397,0.00001040346,0.000004556504,0.00009793403,0.00001066025,0.0003704272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0053482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01063412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131000806","doi":"10.1139/z99-165","title":"Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1366,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","keywords":"Trophic level; Isotopes of nitrogen; Isotopes of carbon; Stable isotope ratio; Isotope analysis; Biology; δ15N; Isotope; Ecology; δ13C; Carbon fibers; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Total organic carbon","authors":[{"name":"Jeffrey F. Kelly","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007126539563246519,"gpt":0.2001373950653986,"spread":0.1930108555021521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002644817,0.0003109995,0.0006258186,0.004219754,0.0003268911,0.0008862258,0.0006287834,0.0006566904,0.0003721322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001904689,0.0002617755,0.000205326,0.004518894,0.000565384,0.0007545875,0.0003503639,0.0004286982,0.0001947431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005598521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007982513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002611705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007351489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993355,0.0002985143,0.0000927685,0.00006513412,0.0001827943,0.00002534191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989393,0.0006183501,0.0002088027,0.00002651951,0.0001565255,0.00005057489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004129373,0.0001640536,0.07027379,0.008330077,0.0004404602,0.001327234,0.0007240996,0.001214651,0.0337454,0.005053681,0.003157481,0.8751562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006042339,0.001875261,0.4493562,0.01095288,0.001639152,0.01136711,0.002457134,0.003755654,0.02305348,0.01314372,0.4821229,0.0002160397],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02758495,0.9635978,0.003273345,0.0002809279,0.0002061936,0.00003490875,0.0001009751,0.00001177352,0.004909164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1940176,0.7768104,0.0247399,0.000483043,0.0007560723,0.00009470939,0.0002596098,0.00002253582,0.002816094],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004219754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0139873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205785327","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-444-53868-0.50018-6","title":"References","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Developments in environmental modelling","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1304,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Pierre Legendre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis Legendre","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02610588536087512,"gpt":0.205196139998358,"spread":0.1790902546374829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007982361,0.0007472229,0.0006417001,0.004559173,0.001482223,0.00265349,0.001627788,0.00116993,0.5660236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003840641,0.0002492121,0.0005446523,0.004853583,0.0004404288,0.002453403,0.001643726,0.001404184,0.4750145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001674372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001619917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008795814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01867037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991329,0.0001060993,0.0000342216,0.0001110924,0.0005506373,0.00006508242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988469,0.0002336397,0.00003344671,0.0001459066,0.0006421462,0.00009790462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009161455,0.00001466882,0.00005184396,0.0001144468,0.000001839734,0.0000287593,0.00005125784,0.00007914221,0.00008524658,0.01126088,0.9057879,0.08251485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.083222e-7,0.000001176364,0.00005491218,0.00006610326,9.929096e-7,0.00001909902,0.00002042498,0.00001420185,0.00004222745,0.002075415,0.9977024,0.000002208036],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003049671,0.006829683,0.004892628,0.003944895,0.007339097,0.0001121486,0.008526688,0.00091265,0.9671372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009945753,0.002714129,0.002323986,0.00114143,0.0004877227,0.00005404476,0.00570831,0.0005356208,0.9860402],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4339764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104463360","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2014-0127","title":"Best practices for use of stable isotope mixing models in food-web studies","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Trinity College Dublin; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Sophistication; Variance (accounting); Computer science; Econometrics; Isotope; Stable isotope ratio; Sampling (signal processing); Food web; Data science; Statistics; Biology; Ecology; Mathematics; Filter (signal processing); Physics; Accounting","authors":[{"name":"Donald L. Phillips","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Inger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Bearhop","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew L. Jackson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan W. Moore","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew Parnell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brice X. Semmens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric J. Ward","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0820705452583789,"gpt":0.2899438338214965,"spread":0.2078732885631176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1160029,0.004240608,0.003578495,0.01006105,0.002599076,0.006526622,0.01050788,0.005461341,0.007249924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2317093,0.004289362,0.005899326,0.009273164,0.003620089,0.006339012,0.00632216,0.01195633,0.009260888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003022419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005936441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01178177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0244884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8999951,0.0693216,0.01103736,0.004350606,0.01453046,0.0007649607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7781104,0.1277999,0.01066545,0.0398453,0.04063006,0.002948986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003907141,0.001036048,0.01573472,0.006688858,0.002825038,0.00112568,0.00596597,0.04139337,0.008264364,0.09006395,0.1131314,0.7133799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004835951,0.0003329744,0.008683196,0.01208192,0.001199036,0.001329314,0.001826401,0.1040208,0.01361117,0.4026639,0.4526913,0.001076404],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001331161,0.002485708,0.9822544,0.003954776,0.0006454538,0.0007699247,0.0007840237,0.003632624,0.004141878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004656698,0.001234791,0.9915715,0.0003650824,0.0000937087,0.0007773901,0.0001827812,0.0005950793,0.0005229925],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8839971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.613489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021659822","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1813-y","title":"Global application of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to wildlife forensics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oecologia","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Stable isotope ratio; Precipitation; Isotopes of oxygen; Isotope; Latitude; Wildlife; Snow; Physical geography; Environmental science; Ecology; Biology; Geology; Geography; Meteorology; Physics; Geochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Gabriel J. Bowen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leonard I. Wassenaar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keith A. Hobson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005351237534446884,"gpt":0.2292527131001486,"spread":0.2239014755657017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00328312,0.0006625986,0.0005571919,0.002996847,0.0004962875,0.0009229037,0.0005092279,0.0008383332,0.001800573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002455741,0.0002338406,0.0002960649,0.002213789,0.00133249,0.0009066301,0.001682382,0.0004934702,0.0002827206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006387977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007175738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003711713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01509262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990946,0.0004133772,0.00002694129,0.0002126074,0.0001916379,0.0000609249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981281,0.0005932768,0.0002581848,0.0002465119,0.0006766091,0.00009734974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003284062,0.0001134872,0.2118994,0.0003528182,0.0003525774,0.0002793441,0.0005342652,0.004354013,0.07618973,0.002739219,0.002211257,0.7006455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001763786,0.001501933,0.6957283,0.0004965239,0.001075322,0.002977585,0.005333713,0.01876257,0.1134363,0.03259832,0.1277523,0.000160741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7758988,0.02446103,0.1382916,0.00452997,0.0003676192,0.00022395,0.002349414,0.0004113144,0.05346624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8989327,0.01230837,0.0824455,0.0007456092,0.0001635749,0.0001023434,0.0007375733,0.0001083627,0.004455954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003711713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01736295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117683602","doi":"10.1029/2006gc001283","title":"High‐precision isotopic characterization of USGS reference materials by TIMS and MC‐ICP‐MS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1083,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Ocean Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Radiogenic nuclide; Geology; Andesite; Rhyolite; Isotope analysis; Isotopic signature; Isotope; Geochemistry; Geological survey; Basalt; Homogeneous; Mineralogy; Volcanic rock; Geophysics","authors":[{"name":"Dominique Weis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bruno Kieffer","is_ca":true},{"name":"C. Maerschalk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jane Barling","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeroen de Jong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwen Williams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Diane Hanano","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wilma Pretorius","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nadine Mattielli","is_ca":false},{"name":"James S. Scoates","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arnaud Goolaerts","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard M. Friedman","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Brian Mahoney","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003598938606230985,"gpt":0.1826026252056175,"spread":0.1790036865993866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002500645,0.0009463289,0.0005377503,0.006525197,0.001273044,0.0009995179,0.001683517,0.0007024666,0.002353546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00252818,0.0004135593,0.000477965,0.004784718,0.0004645603,0.0006009418,0.0007532308,0.0005076661,0.001196643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001141783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001465126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02700227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07765821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959425,0.0002809735,0.0003228149,0.0005855873,0.002736693,0.000131269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985935,0.00007857253,0.0001027992,0.00027784,0.0009282379,0.00001893278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000306661,0.0001204766,0.02778446,0.0004429453,0.000119113,0.0002341386,0.0005692045,0.00270142,0.7875174,0.003089038,0.006229751,0.1708853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000307579,0.0002155673,0.09146418,0.0001345598,0.0001503234,0.0005820057,0.0004433315,0.006439295,0.7346322,0.001114172,0.1647257,0.00006787079],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6035617,0.003807069,0.2913027,0.0002787126,0.0002808285,0.001572334,0.04189143,0.006434446,0.05087087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4943491,0.002995889,0.4341377,0.0003599037,0.000106147,0.002299987,0.03992648,0.001630691,0.02419404],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02700227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0536902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592128209","doi":"10.1002/env.2221","title":"Bayesian stable isotope mixing models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmetrics","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1074,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Compositional data; Multivariate statistics; Smoothing; Mixing (physics); Bayesian probability; Mixture model; Range (aeronautics); Statistical model; Computer science; Parametric statistics; Econometrics; Univariate; Model selection; Statistics; Mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Parnell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald L. Phillips","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart Bearhop","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brice X. Semmens","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric J. Ward","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan W. Moore","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew L. Jackson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Grey","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Kelly","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Inger","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01070684284545636,"gpt":0.197211944421772,"spread":0.1865051015763157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005870855,0.001592808,0.002152204,0.002146814,0.00100333,0.002965251,0.003777015,0.003319386,0.005284839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01336145,0.000924607,0.001948296,0.002021024,0.001946231,0.003377977,0.002028912,0.002070379,0.001738318],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001707314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009886078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006883523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005580483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980362,0.0009633719,0.0001019455,0.0004302044,0.0003114382,0.0001568286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961838,0.002638715,0.0004900185,0.0002263353,0.0003256025,0.0001355394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009391011,0.00005516975,0.003346604,0.0001794549,0.0001930641,0.000136299,0.0002219437,0.3778061,0.0009690505,0.573585,0.003515801,0.03989761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000256148,0.00001894213,0.000542902,0.00003298705,0.00003854059,0.00007509555,0.00002522544,0.7001599,0.0001735062,0.2942518,0.004610974,0.00004455],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01345223,0.00160061,0.9769896,0.0009407105,0.0000920342,0.00009270518,0.0006569128,0.0003500679,0.005825101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5825772,0.006856614,0.3791874,0.0009336895,0.0007676854,0.001121344,0.003239702,0.0004996257,0.0248167],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006883523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03104842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1581887710","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-70708-0","title":"Stable Isotope Geochemistry","year":2008,"lang":"th","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":778,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Isotope geochemistry; Geochemistry; Geology; Isotope; Physics; Nuclear physics","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009437799396976858,"gpt":0.2095141747193376,"spread":0.2000763753223607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000300449,0.001196541,0.0008536739,0.001538742,0.0005449883,0.001226854,0.001117336,0.0007740182,0.03720876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003785466,0.0006762958,0.0003744597,0.001609834,0.0009286352,0.001873353,0.0008302958,0.002081098,0.04245752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007554676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006331242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001157263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003366822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998302,0.000009884932,0.0000063726,0.00004695521,0.000097786,0.000008802454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998881,0.00002475802,0.000005468756,0.00002810915,0.00004432949,0.000009254213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000341128,0.0000285454,0.0001535586,0.0003114769,0.00001288614,0.00007790645,0.0001215322,0.0004901295,0.01555339,0.06920285,0.3328259,0.5811877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001823537,0.0000146745,0.0001386925,0.00003759111,0.000005893955,0.0001801799,0.00001252756,0.00030309,0.004739335,0.01285966,0.9816996,0.00000701632],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002137359,0.06174606,0.1643399,0.002963908,0.006477996,0.0001716261,0.001952131,0.003332134,0.7568787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00493574,0.01402365,0.02498349,0.0005706223,0.0005357537,0.00007389196,0.0007444182,0.0005857735,0.9535467],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03720876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1244757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131370183","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01394.x","title":"Lipid corrections in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses: comparison of chemical extraction and modelling methods","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Animal Ecology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":736,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"NOAA Research; Canada Research Chairs; Northern Arizona University","keywords":"Stable isotope ratio; Delta; Extraction (chemistry); Isotope analysis; Invertebrate; Nitrogen; Environmental chemistry; Marine invertebrates; Normalization (sociology); Biology; Isotopes of nitrogen; Isotopes of carbon; Chemistry; Ecology; Total organic carbon; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"John M. Logan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy D. Jardine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Timothy J. Miller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stuart E. Bunn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard A. Cunjak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Molly E. Lutcavage","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05618227416091578,"gpt":0.3613742371710844,"spread":0.3051919630101686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01471117,0.00201696,0.001084857,0.001931285,0.0005696787,0.0013128,0.002308379,0.001475713,0.0007504892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02163728,0.0009533987,0.001355873,0.002267215,0.0007414147,0.002222135,0.001219839,0.001131631,0.0007078208],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001677807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001597422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005584743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008021015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939564,0.002582831,0.0004100555,0.0007638211,0.002165491,0.0001212526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916164,0.005396964,0.0007269402,0.0007511381,0.001440582,0.00006790399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003861874,0.0005521108,0.04385981,0.002378652,0.001243597,0.0002840617,0.000679117,0.167182,0.2482114,0.008281529,0.00197287,0.5214931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001811393,0.000796889,0.02414293,0.0001685216,0.0005714115,0.0005333814,0.0001339519,0.7003211,0.2549627,0.008041616,0.009715561,0.000430626],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09440922,0.002662585,0.8990976,0.0005066598,0.0001738697,0.0004949216,0.0004876125,0.001129014,0.001038564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1648716,0.002533538,0.8282855,0.0001589225,0.00005312737,0.0009841509,0.0007510127,0.000785013,0.001577131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01471117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07780105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163611769","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2152:faioba]2.0.co;2","title":"FISHES AS INTEGRATORS OF BENTHIC AND PELAGIC FOOD WEBS IN LAKES","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":711,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Pelagic zone; Benthic zone; Trophic level; Ecology; Lake ecosystem; Ecosystem; Food web; Environmental science; Food chain; Fishery; Biology","authors":[{"name":"M. Jake Vander Zanden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yvonne Vadeboncoeur","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008248812168514759,"gpt":0.2018910207067585,"spread":0.1936422085382438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004942243,0.000287171,0.0003134969,0.001294676,0.0004562098,0.001371485,0.0002875935,0.0002121562,0.00128337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007272866,0.0006660225,0.0004114904,0.0009550833,0.0007523847,0.001374379,0.001060293,0.0001926736,0.0002053414],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001025052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008474826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01496475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0271112,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997867,0.00005994907,0.00002297989,0.00005739123,0.00003647556,0.00003654077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997575,0.00005995269,0.00007165618,0.00001748627,0.0000325162,0.00006093422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005483531,0.00009286762,0.8575847,0.0004148054,0.0004555516,0.000469151,0.003883275,0.02301599,0.04474905,0.01723226,0.0005444442,0.05100949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002918134,0.0001577614,0.9570276,0.0000496773,0.0002066801,0.0001738607,0.001193029,0.02863067,0.001119116,0.00933246,0.002005582,0.00007446502],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965047,0.0002606417,0.001408186,0.00003682934,0.000002337984,0.00001339788,0.0001192316,0.00002627222,0.001628385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950943,0.0002350468,0.003491459,0.00001886225,0.000002621774,0.00002252509,0.0001356495,0.00001195865,0.0009876379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01496475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02975529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071708329","doi":"10.1021/es001459w","title":"Influence of Chemical and Biological Factors on Trophic Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northwater Polynya Marine Food Web","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":708,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Carleton University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biomagnification; Trophic level; Food web; Ecology; Food chain; Zooplankton; Arctic; Seabird; Biology; Isotope analysis; Predation","authors":[{"name":"Aaron T. Fisk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keith A. Hobson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ross J. Norstrom","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006568336068922124,"gpt":0.1841938945965817,"spread":0.1776255585276596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002480382,0.0001901731,0.0001336589,0.0002959938,0.0004751158,0.0003794818,0.0001084683,0.0001420017,0.00059732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000648216,0.0001666253,0.0001519632,0.0002387281,0.0003509168,0.0002449964,0.0003245256,0.0001835272,0.00009155553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008888147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004085242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07124722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1824201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998627,0.00002725033,0.00001063461,0.00003906469,0.00003696014,0.00002348378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996189,0.00006671469,0.0001293346,0.00002347675,0.00006678236,0.00009484583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001062975,0.00001950909,0.9896258,0.000007782204,0.00004498948,0.00006088539,0.0002727497,0.0000794302,0.007795489,0.000009965273,0.00001532259,0.001961831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.734772e-7,0.00001409525,0.999785,4.413363e-7,0.00000277593,0.00001126412,0.00006247449,0.00002716643,0.00007298451,0.000002265104,0.0000207105,3.931332e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998525,0.00002013959,0.00001256986,0.000003478576,2.968699e-7,7.937085e-7,0.00002212308,2.841435e-7,0.00008789291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995968,0.00004615865,0.00006149479,0.00001068697,9.649297e-7,0.000003100611,0.0000991394,5.967423e-7,0.0001811794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07124722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.141665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074657598","doi":"10.1080/1025601031000096781","title":"Comparative equilibration and online technique for determination of non-exchangeable hydrogen of keratins for use in animal migration studies","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":665,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry; Keratin; Isotope; Hydrogen; Feather; Stable isotope ratio; Mass spectrometry; Hydrogen isotope; Chemistry; Environmental science; Biology; Chromatography; Ecology; Physics; Nuclear physics; Paleontology; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Leonard I. Wassenaar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keith A. Hobson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07895605520630036,"gpt":0.3672628546382948,"spread":0.2883067994319944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001108315,0.0005679785,0.0003330853,0.0008990103,0.0004928558,0.0004044848,0.0007892137,0.0006192352,0.001825711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001140995,0.0003576296,0.0003215325,0.0004871561,0.0004796933,0.0007515233,0.0006986737,0.000830807,0.0006656233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000254231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005056597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007331203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001986621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992532,0.0001976537,0.00004880645,0.0002097603,0.0002431704,0.00004741287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999437,0.0001120264,0.00008655948,0.0001629054,0.0001660634,0.00003527039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001028375,0.00003214165,0.0009943713,0.00004641641,0.000008439154,0.00004404435,0.000030634,0.00004818017,0.9835957,0.0003152,0.0001066185,0.01467535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002086541,0.0004255121,0.006048796,0.00001243968,0.00003647814,0.0009439476,0.00004362058,0.001128152,0.984097,0.0001851775,0.007031467,0.00002660574],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4750239,0.002904026,0.513985,0.0002281496,0.000254298,0.0004973541,0.0007394198,0.001231097,0.005136724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3644876,0.001505255,0.6270338,0.0002459048,0.00008024847,0.0007705922,0.0007762336,0.0002284055,0.004872032],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001825711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006107628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037633980","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00079.x","title":"STUDYING TROPHIC ECOLOGY IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS USING FATTY ACIDS: A PRIMER ON ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Mammal Science","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":635,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Trophic level; Ecology; Interpretation (philosophy); Ecosystem; Marine ecosystem; Geography; Biology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Suzanne M. Budge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sara J. Iverson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather N. Koopman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008567993248937329,"gpt":0.2374989844149807,"spread":0.2289309911660434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03591501,0.004365308,0.002929282,0.01290535,0.002766049,0.008268462,0.007355112,0.004142439,0.005871826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03314392,0.001928498,0.004192092,0.008856024,0.01544131,0.01180868,0.009063307,0.01184647,0.003823334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003584595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003153712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003595232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004356804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9871114,0.008771983,0.001318193,0.0009765949,0.001554979,0.0002669331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9677055,0.02321447,0.00164419,0.002737816,0.003822616,0.0008752083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002412366,0.0004477603,0.01199896,0.00706397,0.0005193234,0.001677548,0.01470359,0.003461501,0.006425001,0.3915093,0.07208012,0.4898717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003978033,0.0002243164,0.008596709,0.005676818,0.0001207406,0.001441557,0.004044456,0.004520203,0.001656368,0.4422278,0.5312487,0.00020266],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002010285,0.05308459,0.8912147,0.02950139,0.003422841,0.001982199,0.001105295,0.001159588,0.0165191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008392932,0.03519813,0.9398147,0.006190809,0.00252699,0.003019986,0.0005427803,0.0006030266,0.003710588],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03591501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.189939,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105443414","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0116182","title":"Stable Isotope Turnover and Half-Life in Animal Tissues: A Literature Synthesis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":595,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ectotherm; Allometry; Isotope; Stable isotope ratio; Isotope analysis; δ13C; Biology; Endothermic process; Ecology; Zoology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"M. Jake Vander Zanden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Murray K. Clayton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric K. Moody","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher T. Solomon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian C. Weidel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04977876050659433,"gpt":0.2718072789060392,"spread":0.2220285183994449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005040754,0.00143379,0.003804749,0.0207022,0.0006596545,0.002830788,0.001800484,0.001551116,0.01038568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02382989,0.0009706768,0.001798415,0.03147765,0.001238426,0.004794705,0.001685126,0.001950192,0.002560891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002636294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005293246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007659972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01079263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977436,0.0003511129,0.0007920138,0.0005502763,0.000495424,0.00006766965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9705247,0.02050253,0.003152614,0.0007540461,0.004745194,0.0003209401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001599465,0.0000765536,0.002055345,0.2132763,0.0008317019,0.0001667899,0.0003637278,0.0009879686,0.001018306,0.004000468,0.0185113,0.7585516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002433105,0.0002210358,0.02132709,0.2543364,0.004426986,0.00130288,0.0007279093,0.0008178704,0.001292762,0.01009298,0.7052694,0.0001604077],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004816013,0.9951628,0.001663832,0.0005720778,0.0002897886,0.00004518725,0.0009334741,0.00003192145,0.0008192881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002751495,0.9933982,0.001792579,0.0003762351,0.0003713525,0.0001073143,0.0008167986,0.00001980145,0.0003663348],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0207022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03474361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2333553918","doi":"10.3354/meps09559","title":"Fatty acids as dietary tracers in benthic food webs","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":557,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Killam Trusts","keywords":"Benthic zone; Trophic level; Pelagic zone; Ecology; Invertebrate; Biology; Zooplankton; Primary producers; Benthos; Phytoplankton","authors":[{"name":"JR Kelly","is_ca":true},{"name":"RE Scheibling","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01527282967127098,"gpt":0.2272452933448113,"spread":0.2119724636735403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008903467,0.0003462955,0.0002346259,0.002164468,0.0002579216,0.001189576,0.0002424762,0.0004024889,0.003095608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002047691,0.0003040458,0.0002029957,0.002230143,0.0004340366,0.001407379,0.001007644,0.0005137748,0.0008963891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007061451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003311624,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004449429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00797142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997128,0.0001007482,0.00003066921,0.00005163757,0.00008771817,0.00001646977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991072,0.0003220915,0.0002977033,0.00005911964,0.0001236964,0.00009003336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001437107,0.0002222114,0.5963067,0.002114085,0.0008014252,0.0004731657,0.00134634,0.006862668,0.08132523,0.01082529,0.005427919,0.2928578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002700236,0.0003664175,0.9389907,0.0005088297,0.0001516185,0.0002004206,0.0009674257,0.008935692,0.0107595,0.015479,0.02352666,0.00008674558],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9122998,0.02200634,0.02422131,0.001252106,0.0001911999,0.0001287113,0.01180105,0.0003197046,0.02777984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9607962,0.009926009,0.02119088,0.0002085408,0.00005984494,0.0001115586,0.002365105,0.00007165406,0.005270239],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004449429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01035583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2746877260","doi":"10.1111/2041-210x.12869","title":"Diet tracing in ecology: Method comparison and selection","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":550,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Trophic level; Selection (genetic algorithm); Ecology; Tracing; Biology; Resource (disambiguation); Computer science; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Jens M. Nielsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth L. Clare","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Hayden","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael T. Brett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pavel Kratina","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02525143103323987,"gpt":0.3840804431286101,"spread":0.3588290120953702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.5193919,0.002242725,0.003046016,0.01007925,0.002265001,0.007578052,0.006323664,0.002950445,0.003889812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6351663,0.001461043,0.004382443,0.006614306,0.004558404,0.006354818,0.009360443,0.004175141,0.0009490159],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00404094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007168036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003101877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003814874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.4547507,0.4538394,0.03150721,0.01389089,0.04433325,0.001678508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.2468807,0.5989149,0.02838887,0.05772289,0.06626772,0.001824834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002837952,0.000378648,0.06011332,0.01585916,0.01179703,0.0002926258,0.005804654,0.005378926,0.006016811,0.03518229,0.01427027,0.8420683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00241142,0.004039682,0.1350815,0.07553965,0.01934522,0.002202628,0.00561032,0.1083861,0.05479345,0.3425104,0.2482022,0.001877446],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.03049833,0.0217135,0.9244179,0.007141514,0.001600637,0.005138006,0.0009839733,0.001226971,0.007279192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1726517,0.007167844,0.8031051,0.003287362,0.0006587699,0.009211135,0.0009464229,0.001613764,0.00135787],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5193919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5926754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014914752","doi":"10.1038/nature00830","title":"Consumer versus resource control of species diversity and ecosystem functioning","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":527,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Geographic Society; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","keywords":"Ecology; Productivity; Ecosystem; Disturbance (geology); Food web; Diversity (politics); Species diversity; Environmental science; Ecosystem ecology; Ecosystem diversity; Resource (disambiguation); Biology; Environmental resource management; Computer science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Boris Worm","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heike K. Lotze","is_ca":true},{"name":"Helmut Hillebrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrich Sommer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009683548027824009,"gpt":0.1892161002331718,"spread":0.1795325522053478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001820463,0.0002079678,0.0003622382,0.0006501513,0.0003079077,0.001338333,0.0004387395,0.00076954,0.003692357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003207722,0.0003063111,0.0002726637,0.00052672,0.001152885,0.001598236,0.0005179343,0.000379647,0.0001647299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006259414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004026635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003295674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007190877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996233,0.0001351082,0.00001926235,0.00008196713,0.00008071274,0.00005959273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978046,0.001243877,0.0002965724,0.0002394471,0.0001733387,0.0002422997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002738255,0.0005741909,0.6068999,0.0006860542,0.0009110697,0.0006829532,0.00168107,0.006171821,0.1733461,0.09152178,0.001476758,0.11331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000624433,0.0002570112,0.9163048,0.00003902295,0.0001617211,0.0008124762,0.0008528112,0.01946262,0.008333868,0.05071358,0.002945361,0.00005442911],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986751,0.001329969,0.004775661,0.0005630968,0.00002131572,0.000009658744,0.00009941316,0.00002621516,0.00642374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998042,0.0002822657,0.0008404911,0.00006300546,0.00001830302,0.000004672928,0.00002689669,0.00001393099,0.0007084892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003692357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01235217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122903885","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2005.3377","title":"All wet or dried up? Real differences between aquatic and terrestrial food webs","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":521,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Environmental Biology; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Astrobiology; Ecology; Terrestrial ecosystem; Biology; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel S. Gruner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helmut Hillebrand","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09947791544786462,"gpt":0.318768421904717,"spread":0.2192905064568524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005845936,0.000140838,0.000322925,0.0007847325,0.000281053,0.001623427,0.0002236971,0.0004536812,0.002732617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001393431,0.0001223226,0.0001862107,0.001093606,0.00127579,0.001774,0.0005762876,0.0006617176,0.0004573469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006466234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003327057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001272665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002536328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996741,0.0001037734,0.00002244951,0.00007590387,0.0000928333,0.00003095903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994959,0.0002771129,0.0001070867,0.00002366578,0.00005460492,0.0000416126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002122409,0.00004143592,0.02457129,0.005632836,0.0005517927,0.0007883472,0.001762534,0.0005569258,0.004705623,0.047984,0.02703094,0.886162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002259824,0.0001599982,0.2018799,0.004484407,0.0002096304,0.002686514,0.003988567,0.0003588482,0.00120876,0.07959846,0.7053218,0.00008050134],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.06856019,0.8682972,0.003412134,0.02076992,0.001131569,0.0000131346,0.0007658907,0.00008318958,0.0369667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3624734,0.6099507,0.004892449,0.01205759,0.001199004,0.00003568007,0.0008151357,0.00006984487,0.008506157],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002732617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009141445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104354220","doi":"10.1890/14-0235.1","title":"A new probabilistic method for quantifying <i>n</i>‐dimensional ecological niches and niche overlap","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":510,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"ArcticNet","keywords":"Ecological niche; Niche; Environmental niche modelling; Ecology; Multivariate statistics; Bivariate analysis; Pairwise comparison; Niche segregation; Probabilistic logic; Statistics; Biology; Mathematics; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Heidi K. Swanson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martin Lysy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Power","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ashley D. Stasko","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jim D. Johnson","is_ca":true},{"name":"James D. Reist","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02486976146815026,"gpt":0.2915020981684184,"spread":0.2666323367002682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003230414,0.0008069532,0.0008615137,0.004612794,0.001045103,0.001806755,0.001620969,0.001086571,0.002338257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01009809,0.0006537747,0.001664929,0.003039027,0.00198355,0.003109715,0.003026806,0.001475875,0.0004657538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009605642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001208691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003360058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003211596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977075,0.0005885657,0.0001602929,0.0006096275,0.0008199336,0.0001139812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955083,0.002664343,0.000627733,0.0004774854,0.0005460688,0.0001761051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003988834,0.0001759432,0.03320131,0.0007188517,0.0005093993,0.0003484591,0.001182096,0.1453038,0.06033574,0.2445626,0.004623041,0.5086399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004780206,0.0001502714,0.01969142,0.0001283571,0.0001437425,0.001855357,0.0002068929,0.7489774,0.01141578,0.1980285,0.01903952,0.0003150093],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.005810693,0.0002225317,0.9924959,0.00006965041,0.00001664509,0.00002977569,0.0001187054,0.000220522,0.001015649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1363873,0.0003698897,0.860682,0.0001372435,0.0001180942,0.0003477018,0.0005039219,0.000199758,0.001254105],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004612794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01708424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073124360","doi":"10.1002/ieam.244","title":"Trophic magnification factors: Considerations of ecology, ecosystems, and study design","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":506,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Simon Fraser University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Trophic level; Biomagnification; Bioaccumulation; Food web; Environmental science; Ecology; Ecosystem; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Katrine Borgå","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen A. Kidd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Derek C. G. Muir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Olof Berglund","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason Conder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank A. P. C. Gobas","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Kucklick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olaf Malm","is_ca":false},{"name":"David E. Powell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03114581522119255,"gpt":0.2478060208839588,"spread":0.2166602056627662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.2604779,0.001766547,0.003503169,0.003634223,0.002650005,0.003653073,0.003530845,0.003847367,0.002892278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2307921,0.0009665582,0.001844421,0.004697663,0.005908326,0.005761738,0.005995414,0.002924886,0.0005005784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004542913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006683534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005779537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01354854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8141148,0.162363,0.01002787,0.005280924,0.007156547,0.00105685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8023912,0.166522,0.008080444,0.007420465,0.012653,0.002932878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005927655,0.0005474424,0.0975629,0.02546262,0.002798615,0.00137809,0.008841974,0.007352602,0.003240204,0.2007145,0.02359432,0.6225789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002874957,0.01023109,0.1532554,0.04233071,0.003870111,0.00205663,0.009969129,0.03358561,0.003495884,0.538658,0.1990429,0.0006296237],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.07905556,0.1359283,0.6429104,0.05399852,0.006125269,0.05488687,0.002571114,0.0004732934,0.02405073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.188233,0.02301601,0.649601,0.01267394,0.002260873,0.1206202,0.0004945667,0.0001632947,0.002937101],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2604779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9119624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055941942","doi":"10.1111/ele.12226","title":"Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":496,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Australian Institute of Marine Science","keywords":"Trophic level; Food web; Apex predator; Ecosystem; Isotope analysis; Ecology; Predation; Marine ecosystem; Food chain; Stable isotope ratio; δ15N; Environmental science; Biology; δ13C; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Nigel E. Hussey","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Aaron MacNeil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bailey C. McMeans","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jill A. Olin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sheldon F. Dudley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geremy Cliff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sabine P. Wintner","is_ca":false},{"name":"S.T. Fennessy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aaron T. Fisk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01349047908989466,"gpt":0.2411539219998488,"spread":0.2276634429099542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009682919,0.0008560666,0.0009490612,0.002363309,0.0001992048,0.0007036294,0.0008840553,0.0006659908,0.001114277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002178405,0.0002893741,0.0003820602,0.002706914,0.0009158799,0.00145589,0.0006204069,0.0009257328,0.0008566101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009229871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001049784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003110952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004317009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997285,0.00005064502,0.00002915922,0.00009237725,0.00008561516,0.0000137415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994111,0.0002575007,0.0001007334,0.00004231566,0.0001601673,0.00002816928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000239749,0.00000920618,0.000898113,0.006626876,0.0001226791,0.00003774962,0.00004943748,0.0008171421,0.001736644,0.006991461,0.005440865,0.9772459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001815924,0.0001325733,0.01976446,0.004095315,0.0003973218,0.001045513,0.0001774466,0.001191985,0.002296467,0.03096257,0.9398228,0.00009547501],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006961477,0.996296,0.001256643,0.0003097242,0.0001392601,0.000004957961,0.00004041693,0.00001575769,0.00124115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006155462,0.990802,0.001977414,0.0002084933,0.0001763136,0.00001183635,0.00007970356,0.000008793681,0.0005799489],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003110952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00669682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126608114","doi":"10.1007/s00367-008-0116-4","title":"Carbon isotopes in mollusk shell carbonates","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geo-Marine Letters","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":489,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","keywords":"Isotopes of carbon; Stable isotope ratio; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; δ13C; Carbon fibers; Carbonate; Ecology; Biology; Total organic carbon; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Ted A. McConnaughey","is_ca":false},{"name":"David P. Gillikin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005562671049164273,"gpt":0.1858309028299933,"spread":0.180268231780829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001673574,0.0001823779,0.0001804448,0.0007141308,0.0005129789,0.0006349301,0.000379926,0.0004924862,0.001224106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005828281,0.0002514101,0.00009280565,0.0004167062,0.0003846109,0.0003853113,0.0002795596,0.0003249432,0.0002166752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001030266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004310596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01882234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0314505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999182,0.000005885717,0.000004396179,0.00002794734,0.00002414224,0.00001934802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.000046161,0.00004779863,0.00001511201,0.000134852,0.00004725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001245943,0.00006291816,0.160302,0.0001043541,0.000101259,0.0002687432,0.0002394312,0.0009340986,0.8091174,0.001345421,0.0006855219,0.02559297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004818327,0.0001879762,0.8888967,0.00002664689,0.00005332604,0.0003772869,0.0002651746,0.00562484,0.09960077,0.0005927706,0.004295002,0.00003143372],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975018,0.0004234745,0.0002491262,0.00007997634,0.00001792284,0.000002061241,0.0001398058,0.00001265866,0.001573028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977248,0.0002049224,0.0002798143,0.00003837371,0.00001243702,0.000003236406,0.00015876,0.00001667001,0.001560928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01882234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03742558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1534813314","doi":"10.1002/9780470245842.ch13","title":"Stable Isotope Analysis: A Tool for Studying Past Diet, Demography, and Life History","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":476,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Residence; Stable isotope ratio; Isotope analysis; Isotope; Genealogy; Geography; Demography; Biology; Ecology; History; Sociology; Nuclear physics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"M. Anne Katzenberg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01508131590397976,"gpt":0.2309720791198317,"spread":0.2158907632158519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001021229,0.0009109961,0.0008095441,0.006045364,0.0005810479,0.001578734,0.000922755,0.0007671356,0.0246933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001310898,0.0005087786,0.0004518317,0.005737448,0.0006769765,0.001522587,0.0007486124,0.0008036799,0.00954691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005387944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008203114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003923776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01156803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995971,0.00006396029,0.00003443887,0.00007107075,0.000220494,0.00001293571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995534,0.0002055491,0.00003870327,0.00005732128,0.0001174809,0.00002752074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005251711,0.00005900099,0.006526043,0.0008774341,0.00007429261,0.0002170137,0.000380685,0.0009913616,0.02332962,0.02326306,0.1198398,0.8243892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001657918,0.00004466575,0.01351617,0.0002921104,0.0000790413,0.001050194,0.0001947289,0.002636881,0.01240214,0.02623366,0.9434564,0.00007754577],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01066385,0.07444565,0.5294413,0.003466094,0.003292025,0.0004349496,0.02250321,0.009688154,0.3460647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03105042,0.05741744,0.6867607,0.001408799,0.001343228,0.0004215407,0.007997011,0.004084242,0.2095166],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0246933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08260727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2752399022","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2017.09.001","title":"The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of evidence and interim recommendations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Anthropocene","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":469,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Anthropocene; Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point; Interim; Geology; Stratotype; Paleontology; Earth science; Geography; Archaeology; Biostratigraphy; Stage (stratigraphy)","authors":[{"name":"Jan Zalasiewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colin N. Waters","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colin Summerhayes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander P. Wolfe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony D. Barnosky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alejandro Cearreta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Crutzen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erle C. Ellis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian J. Fairchild","is_ca":false},{"name":"Agnieszka Gałuszka","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. K. Haff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irka Hajdas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin J. Head","is_ca":true},{"name":"Juliana A. Ivar do Sul","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine Jeandel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reinhold Leinfelder","is_ca":false},{"name":"John McNeill","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cath Neal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Odada","is_ca":false},{"name":"Наоми Орескес","is_ca":false},{"name":"Will Steffen","is_ca":false},{"name":"James P. M. Syvitski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Davor Vidas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Wagreich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Williams","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1013755076116854,"gpt":0.3524484172998232,"spread":0.2510729096881378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1175443,0.003959443,0.006153295,0.01322544,0.002713957,0.01101277,0.01852911,0.01882086,0.02115733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1397269,0.002031197,0.006084837,0.01265696,0.006515032,0.01321546,0.01382955,0.01597487,0.0123118],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00623179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04388444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02693897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03267786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9660252,0.009788786,0.009462826,0.003917059,0.008056453,0.002749694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8216596,0.0841825,0.02006185,0.008556179,0.04857728,0.01696269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001250108,0.0003373343,0.0118612,0.04277535,0.002194447,0.0002547249,0.001265125,0.0006482612,0.00118674,0.01042681,0.5698471,0.3579527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007063718,0.0003314995,0.02298878,0.1598816,0.006438714,0.0002812452,0.004717906,0.0003423194,0.002424341,0.0232473,0.7783267,0.0003133013],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002282426,0.3841281,0.006454774,0.5086623,0.0713965,0.001475757,0.01211223,0.0003506618,0.01313721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02787144,0.5257367,0.07271703,0.2922802,0.03335289,0.007023037,0.02096071,0.0008769283,0.01918096],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1175443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6216409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981021431","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20618","title":"A simple carbon isotope model for reconstructing prehistoric human diet","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":432,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fauna; Ecology; Foraging; Geography; Prehistory; δ13C; Environmental change; Archaeology; Biology; Stable isotope ratio; Climate change","authors":[{"name":"Corina M. Kellner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret J. Schoeninger","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01207566203198723,"gpt":0.3035799450099062,"spread":0.291504282977919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001027815,0.0007463636,0.0004574459,0.001996172,0.0006103817,0.001107152,0.001407604,0.001181119,0.003385321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002360968,0.0005149996,0.001053898,0.001925022,0.0007505564,0.001018931,0.0006207361,0.0005755361,0.001451117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009814524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006942287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01792402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01308267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997901,0.0000776743,0.00001066591,0.00007884122,0.00002186467,0.00002099566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997148,0.0001193375,0.00003434714,0.00004299014,0.00005115488,0.00003741786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007899213,0.0003134163,0.1124487,0.0002904574,0.0007870258,0.0009902297,0.001087634,0.6864393,0.008117726,0.07844059,0.006710221,0.1035848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009034664,0.0001083781,0.01712605,0.00003424227,0.00005903351,0.0004417813,0.0001297488,0.9263341,0.0003214671,0.05140153,0.003901736,0.00005171568],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4665467,0.001381458,0.5046925,0.001907608,0.0002706002,0.0002933399,0.004209546,0.0009243196,0.0197739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8921157,0.0007360887,0.094781,0.0003263732,0.00009046291,0.0005355006,0.002261545,0.0001868094,0.008966478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01792402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03563935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153297504","doi":"10.1890/09-2409.1","title":"Recent Bayesian stable-isotope mixing models are highly sensitive to variation in discrimination factors","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":428,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"δ15N; δ13C; Stable isotope ratio; Ecology; Trophic level; Hirundo; Isotope analysis; Sterna; Predation; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Alexander L. Bond","is_ca":true},{"name":"Antony W. Diamond","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01600304663345789,"gpt":0.2457956196218729,"spread":0.229792572988415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01293179,0.001998224,0.002173749,0.001585168,0.001474005,0.002384551,0.002910258,0.001778592,0.001842331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02730782,0.001659183,0.002463653,0.001582507,0.001419323,0.002421947,0.001902762,0.002837463,0.001156966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001334338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001089135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0103134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01229693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996309,0.002123843,0.0002569959,0.0007674994,0.0004329103,0.0001096788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911786,0.006747602,0.0008007971,0.0006961763,0.000463655,0.0001132446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002752945,0.0001079602,0.01594458,0.0002835261,0.001180535,0.0001298894,0.0002923545,0.8502938,0.004505352,0.03838544,0.001835838,0.08676539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003284689,0.00004269139,0.001709187,0.00002292888,0.0001023336,0.00006415958,0.00001484487,0.961076,0.0005956431,0.03425106,0.002032935,0.00005535999],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03835253,0.0006366806,0.958476,0.0002177206,0.00005330114,0.0001356938,0.0004213792,0.000593832,0.001112753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4325516,0.001620174,0.5569825,0.000597149,0.0002251979,0.001221464,0.00240601,0.0006161851,0.003779823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01293179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06839067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139938002","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[140:mtlhap]2.0.co;2","title":"META-ANALYSIS: TROPHIC LEVEL, HABITAT, AND PRODUCTIVITY SHAPE THE FOOD WEB EFFECTS OF RESOURCE SUBSIDIES","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":388,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Habitat; Subsidy; Productivity; Trophic level; Ecology; Biomass (ecology); Food web; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Biology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Laurie B. Marczak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ross M. Thompson","is_ca":false},{"name":"John S. Richardson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0920959446166184,"gpt":0.3025760171019756,"spread":0.2104800724853572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0061761,0.001938409,0.005645261,0.004087124,0.0002749444,0.00170968,0.001919738,0.001064325,0.00322493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01454756,0.0005588918,0.007626077,0.006046223,0.0004047829,0.001090029,0.0007867417,0.001012797,0.0003471766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008529734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001065031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002823748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006658036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972994,0.001651944,0.0003085471,0.0004317011,0.0002589915,0.000049572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9888113,0.008984816,0.001054307,0.0005104939,0.0004897076,0.0001494942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001526615,0.00007247409,0.04294986,0.1417192,0.4674744,0.0006417778,0.0002138702,0.004204455,0.0016369,0.001923974,0.009005824,0.3286307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006961277,0.0006948883,0.1133946,0.02240893,0.7792344,0.00208771,0.0002543657,0.004709587,0.002108116,0.01381295,0.06040202,0.0001963695],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":"meta_analysis","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003250327,0.9936436,0.00190867,0.0003470549,0.00009721292,0.00001865356,0.0003087285,0.00005299421,0.0003727988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1545107,0.8345578,0.00823673,0.0006481152,0.0003162934,0.0001092851,0.0009999517,0.00007435717,0.0005467829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0061761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03266275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794136799","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14129","title":"Global change‐driven effects on dissolved organic matter composition: Implications for food webs of northern lakes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":377,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of New Brunswick; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Food web; Dissolved organic carbon; Ecosystem; Biogeochemical cycle; Terrestrial ecosystem; Methylmercury; Trophic level; Ecology; Freshwater ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Global change; Climate change; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Chemistry; Bioaccumulation","authors":[{"name":"Irena F. Creed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ann‐Kristin Bergström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles G. Trick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nancy B. Grimm","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dag O. Hessen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Karlsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen A. Kidd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emma S. Kritzberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diane M. McKnight","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erika C. Freeman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Oscar E. Senar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Agneta Andersson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jenny Ask","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Berggren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehdi Cherif","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reiner Giesler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erin R. Hotchkiss","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pirkko Kortelainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Monica M. Palta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tobias Vrede","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05081350113649987,"gpt":0.325391049459185,"spread":0.2745775483226852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000236735,0.0001578475,0.000146008,0.0004491936,0.0003105706,0.0003350932,0.0001407393,0.0001960041,0.0005858587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003301168,0.00007884156,0.0001436394,0.0005184282,0.0005406886,0.0004466314,0.0004136316,0.0001347438,0.00004806944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006934071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002108801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01166469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02465205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999486,0.00001276095,0.000003197132,0.00001755705,0.00001038414,0.000007433378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998435,0.0000303612,0.00006864231,0.00001210725,0.00002192193,0.00002340989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002508363,0.00004142098,0.816707,0.0001754081,0.0002441778,0.0002793052,0.001519484,0.003351978,0.1385793,0.002652579,0.0004291381,0.03576938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001681648,0.00002355021,0.9952526,0.000005151559,0.00001730421,0.00002790159,0.0002575543,0.001387841,0.001495511,0.0008176338,0.0007064831,0.000006728562],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964874,0.0008064287,0.0006465778,0.0002403884,0.000004082512,0.000003018325,0.0002375339,0.00001405904,0.001560576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989102,0.0004138685,0.0003729034,0.0000481552,0.000005430873,0.000003062325,0.00008622844,0.000004288167,0.0001557386],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01166469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0231936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161575610","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2013.03.008","title":"Ecosystem ecology: size-based constraints on the pyramids of life","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":368,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Ecosystem; Trophic level; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Energy flow; Abundance (ecology); Pyramid (geometry); Environmental science; Energy (signal processing); Biology; Mathematics; Statistics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Rowan Trebilco","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julia K. Baum","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anne K. Salomon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nicholas K. Dulvy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009797502860472797,"gpt":0.2232175832660096,"spread":0.2134200804055368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001138488,0.0002003204,0.0005761755,0.000805048,0.0005991791,0.002238204,0.0008835685,0.001024493,0.008221948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007841634,0.0003568291,0.0003952365,0.0006147361,0.001949543,0.003942561,0.001302958,0.0009111844,0.0005088501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007640448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004011941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002679831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004014444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996426,0.00008359425,0.00001565346,0.0001063928,0.0000900982,0.00006165493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971803,0.001220093,0.00033481,0.0004693631,0.0003301223,0.0004652865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004190498,0.0001385765,0.08716907,0.0002241042,0.0002462883,0.0003597478,0.001324689,0.02603916,0.05123131,0.7171249,0.005770508,0.1099526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005352889,0.00009088445,0.1323296,0.00002589421,0.00006670933,0.0003503191,0.0004591871,0.05033383,0.001266752,0.8118151,0.00315884,0.00004928745],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.9131969,0.0009466886,0.05050357,0.004410241,0.00005773956,0.00001536555,0.0003428831,0.0002350966,0.03029158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967404,0.0001151987,0.002417762,0.0001320857,0.00002587902,0.00000592517,0.0000517626,0.00002591255,0.0004850622],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008221948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02750516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008937248","doi":"10.1021/es061263h","title":"Applications, Considerations, and Sources of Uncertainty When Using Stable Isotope Analysis in Ecotoxicology","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":367,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Biomagnification; Ecotoxicology; Isotope analysis; Stable isotope ratio; Isotope; Trophic level; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Fractionation; Isotope fractionation; Ecology; Food web; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Timothy D. Jardine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karen A. Kidd","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aaron T. Fisk","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005207435220575751,"gpt":0.2180188283577053,"spread":0.2128113931371295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.2574875,0.002683054,0.003698413,0.007171037,0.00444523,0.0137673,0.00754406,0.007746691,0.001401488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4267295,0.001859089,0.002646351,0.007515776,0.01670867,0.01286072,0.00999964,0.01266205,0.0007460972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006201121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009161879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01175302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01697343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.7433829,0.1758051,0.02021733,0.01272319,0.046174,0.001697478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4574734,0.4495854,0.02259548,0.02218234,0.04613125,0.002032201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007139862,0.0003782309,0.07612699,0.009453622,0.002658488,0.002636296,0.0151978,0.03898526,0.01611566,0.1657921,0.0205619,0.6513796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001239667,0.000581854,0.02091011,0.01000074,0.001017547,0.003275052,0.009933272,0.06217383,0.02244774,0.7226759,0.1458339,0.00102611],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03291835,0.06581868,0.80677,0.06659876,0.004010851,0.001294012,0.0005936961,0.0008468096,0.02114884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2187163,0.02089412,0.7402768,0.01350545,0.002866062,0.00146399,0.0002097143,0.0004455818,0.001622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2574875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9156501,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134070232","doi":"10.1890/05-1454","title":"TROPHIC LEVELS AND TROPHIC TANGLES: THE PREVALENCE OF OMNIVORY IN REAL FOOD WEBS","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":362,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Trophic level; Trophic cascade; Ecology; Food web; Food chain; Herbivore; Omnivore; Biology; Trophic state index; Habitat; Predation; Nutrient; Phytoplankton","authors":[{"name":"Ross M. Thompson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Hemberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian M. Starzomski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01322407720038594,"gpt":0.2381331910582384,"spread":0.2249091138578524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001000056,0.0002581319,0.0003846997,0.002699393,0.0004551551,0.001048006,0.0002374754,0.0004034277,0.001755988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00711312,0.0003229416,0.0002121581,0.001129825,0.001184391,0.001638701,0.001023549,0.00036877,0.0001850725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000235171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000101451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000710836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001282154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993863,0.0001840845,0.00009224107,0.0001535826,0.0001261969,0.0000576208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933183,0.003597296,0.001985261,0.0005271643,0.000257062,0.000314858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002895859,0.0000306665,0.9764931,0.000130026,0.0001526978,0.0001676167,0.0009247458,0.0005493592,0.007126979,0.0008166053,0.0000778433,0.01324077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005422604,0.00007575516,0.9944943,0.00002235284,0.00003202882,0.0006044699,0.0003315998,0.001665605,0.0006096112,0.001906564,0.0002361456,0.00001619323],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981179,0.0003557485,0.0006034132,0.00002155384,0.000001712613,0.000003020195,0.00009057655,0.000008239616,0.0007977673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993218,0.00007477995,0.000459209,0.000006312583,0.000002876146,0.000003694496,0.00006338205,0.000002627847,0.00006525726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002699393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005874336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113523819","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1012807108","title":"Strong evidence for terrestrial support of zooplankton in small lakes based on stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":337,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"University of Notre Dame; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Zooplankton; Terrestrial ecosystem; Food web; Pelagic zone; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Benthic zone; Ecology; Littoral zone; Terrestrial plant; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan J. Cole","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen R. Carpenter","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.F. Kitchell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael L. Pace","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher T. Solomon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian C. Weidel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07824137128252555,"gpt":0.2934769134530468,"spread":0.2152355421705212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003421015,0.0001982713,0.0002188217,0.000732628,0.0006171215,0.0005919489,0.0002311161,0.0003246806,0.001158973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001107845,0.0002020094,0.0001251888,0.0005821194,0.000856855,0.0003902958,0.0009963613,0.0001608017,0.0001747695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001610561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002667384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00221909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01072679,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998004,0.00003736846,0.00002319639,0.00005139188,0.00005703816,0.00003059258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982709,0.0004839244,0.0007214916,0.00007884509,0.000229022,0.0002157768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004101761,0.00003022982,0.7537833,0.0002249289,0.0002411968,0.0002639845,0.0007867686,0.00008176621,0.2310847,0.0002156407,0.00008644589,0.01279074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004358727,0.0000556614,0.9949374,0.00001015325,0.0000326077,0.000158211,0.0003278958,0.00009688089,0.004009603,0.00007982942,0.0002823542,0.000004901214],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973626,0.0006328618,0.000339318,0.00004767386,0.000002437474,0.000003430525,0.00006726657,0.000008016038,0.001536308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991152,0.0002276838,0.0004057522,0.00004395462,0.000006258419,0.000003547819,0.00007928169,0.000002546205,0.0001157801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00221909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004412353,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810743411","doi":"10.1038/s41586-018-0202-3","title":"Seabirds enhance coral reef productivity and functioning in the absence of invasive rats","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":336,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Coral reef; Bioerosion; Ecosystem; Pelagic zone; Ecology; Reef; Productivity; Coral; Biology; Marine ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Damselfish; Environmental science; Coral reef fish","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas A. J. Graham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shaun K. Wilson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Carr","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew S. Hoey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Jennings","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Aaron MacNeil","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006363773774319454,"gpt":0.2461895405601582,"spread":0.2398257667858388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002521074,0.0003031121,0.0002718751,0.0003273798,0.0001990339,0.0005362805,0.0002001499,0.0003168837,0.002041536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008016473,0.000245649,0.0001529456,0.00008615932,0.0005408203,0.0003713493,0.0005213102,0.0003740086,0.0001867327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001668985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002068123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001837004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007582402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998409,0.00004409811,0.000006450653,0.00003648763,0.00002566114,0.00004642929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989849,0.0001112556,0.0003389637,0.0001400626,0.00006099157,0.0003639318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00606716,0.0006338957,0.246101,0.0001237614,0.0002683827,0.0003805654,0.0003973359,0.0005092348,0.7270858,0.0003806781,0.0003885052,0.0176636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002765536,0.0005466018,0.9882727,0.000005361067,0.00005387686,0.0001369001,0.0003501861,0.0004152831,0.009738893,0.0001360898,0.0003073123,0.00000913535],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995448,0.0000441123,0.00006399672,0.00002115555,0.000004309749,8.950183e-7,0.00001413698,0.000006956122,0.0002996054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992687,0.00005855547,0.0001471529,0.00002615628,0.000007691287,0.000003175302,0.00002918422,0.000007540425,0.0004517764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002041536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006829679,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000457174","doi":"10.5402/2013/604045","title":"Lipids in Marine Ecosystems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ISRN Oceanography","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":317,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","keywords":"Trophic level; Sterol; Ecosystem; Chemistry; Marine ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Biochemistry; Biology; Cholesterol","authors":[{"name":"Christopher C. Parrish","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004775051799518525,"gpt":0.1961966262020686,"spread":0.1914215744025501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002248981,0.0002794021,0.0002588274,0.00152482,0.001334107,0.002540295,0.0003022677,0.0008577924,0.004903621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004607655,0.0001370782,0.0001587844,0.002788472,0.001436824,0.001721809,0.001764723,0.0005705827,0.001360584],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001745463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001034206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0161528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01576186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998531,0.00003343637,0.00001186779,0.00003172888,0.00004318965,0.00002666202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998543,0.00001705958,0.000042017,0.0000105366,0.00003927812,0.00003666315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000138902,0.00005055928,0.04966365,0.001846406,0.00007695163,0.002451396,0.007233534,0.002614351,0.03235337,0.419905,0.02012699,0.4635389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006306841,0.00005845346,0.06647549,0.001049226,0.00003933189,0.001317649,0.007547989,0.0007072806,0.002821556,0.1488023,0.7711151,0.00005938524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2954847,0.3133408,0.01397492,0.02678464,0.001109839,0.00007808889,0.00271229,0.0002532482,0.3462614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8212111,0.1281907,0.009305228,0.001539827,0.000386726,0.00003841556,0.0005956814,0.00004484331,0.03868748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0161528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03211755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794549961","doi":"10.1111/2041-210x.13009","title":"<scp>tRophicPosition</scp>, an<scp>r</scp>package for the Bayesian estimation of trophic position from consumer stable isotope ratios","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":306,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo, Chile; Academy of Finland","keywords":"Trophic level; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Baseline (sea); Bayesian probability; Environmental science; Food chain; Population; Ecology; Position (finance); Computer science; Statistics; Econometrics; Mathematics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Claudio Quezada‐Romegialli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew L. Jackson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian Hayden","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kimmo K. Kahilainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christelle Lopes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Harrod","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01363580757093485,"gpt":0.3015053024057481,"spread":0.2878694948348133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006521838,0.005083472,0.003731646,0.003823764,0.001120955,0.003698758,0.005081792,0.001971334,0.195816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0282787,0.003149997,0.004854479,0.002846639,0.001636118,0.003025625,0.004112393,0.004616451,0.122939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001257945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00318874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006597655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008129814,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972345,0.0008116041,0.0002881988,0.0006028422,0.0008524995,0.0002103761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9859902,0.009025881,0.001474594,0.001586422,0.001578427,0.0003444504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003841141,0.0001548382,0.005499817,0.004566572,0.001288645,0.000773932,0.0005626495,0.01505028,0.005655003,0.02186044,0.8755314,0.06867238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008498203,0.0001933182,0.01398429,0.001664729,0.0006973764,0.001295082,0.0001404558,0.1388412,0.01604451,0.09046131,0.7351466,0.0006812266],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"software","genre_scores_codex":[0.003202216,0.0006412084,0.4514729,0.0006340627,0.0004845437,0.0004745596,0.1326152,0.4025754,0.007899952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02706238,0.0007317779,0.5274025,0.001470734,0.0002737841,0.004520944,0.1085551,0.3176085,0.01237427],"genre_candidate":"software","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.195816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6550696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102710330","doi":"10.1139/z03-066","title":"An experimental study of carbon-isotope fractionation between diet, hair, and feces of mammalian herbivores","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":303,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"David and Lucile Packard Foundation","keywords":"Biology; Feces; Herbivore; Fractionation; Isotopes of carbon; Botany; Isotope analysis; Animal science; Ecology; Chemistry; Total organic carbon","authors":[{"name":"Matt Sponheimer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Todd J. Robinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Linda K. Ayliffe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin H. Passey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beverly L. Roeder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa A. Shipley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elvia Lopez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thure E. Cerling","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Denise Dearing","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. R. Ehleringer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01173953081463593,"gpt":0.2487251043023492,"spread":0.2369855734877133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002929863,0.000379479,0.0003625211,0.0003748542,0.0006548738,0.0003135516,0.0003770799,0.00045278,0.001192073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004499687,0.0003321644,0.0002668992,0.0002620888,0.0008173894,0.00050855,0.0003783795,0.0008539252,0.0002201821],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005716035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003366683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002031281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005736738,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996736,0.00004030703,0.00001973477,0.0001575788,0.00005202257,0.00005670142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992545,0.0001558934,0.0001762145,0.0001399206,0.0000800415,0.0001934231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002664918,0.0006020089,0.01654847,0.00004133065,0.00003836488,0.00006256939,0.0002256537,0.00004108456,0.9738625,0.00003584871,0.0000531544,0.005824166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001545005,0.02007466,0.689371,0.00001823939,0.0001118456,0.0006145157,0.0004234008,0.0008100375,0.2855205,0.0001444488,0.002715382,0.00004151042],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991727,0.00009278401,0.0003236455,0.0000127353,0.000005512561,0.00002180277,0.00009641139,0.00000808147,0.0002662555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993169,0.0002168941,0.003335801,0.0001217413,0.00002418063,0.0001892071,0.0006684874,0.00002455973,0.002250179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002031281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004147351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W124340556","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-89366-2_12","title":"Tracing aquatic food webs using fatty acids: from qualitative indicators to quantitative determination","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":303,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Food web; Trophic level; Ecosystem; Context (archaeology); Foraging; Ecology; Marine ecosystem; Predation; Aquatic ecosystem; Biology; Temporal scales; Environmental resource management; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Sara J. Iverson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04267279834201887,"gpt":0.3198175042899182,"spread":0.2771447059478993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005858986,0.0007652459,0.0008064604,0.001534845,0.0002364199,0.001468582,0.001115712,0.001086311,0.003042039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005099295,0.0006555819,0.0004288592,0.002000804,0.00100625,0.001761754,0.0007777576,0.001126698,0.002428453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005314734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003639771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001158392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002833354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997583,0.00002102176,0.00001023406,0.00007456153,0.0001252608,0.0000105897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997705,0.0001406389,0.00001621162,0.00002194583,0.00004055054,0.00001025231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004306499,0.00005422732,0.002016688,0.0007474058,0.00005026272,0.00008662642,0.0002293561,0.001777766,0.1617193,0.02396999,0.007652687,0.8016527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001394709,0.000247412,0.009254303,0.0006304124,0.0001505303,0.002286708,0.000406542,0.01887362,0.3932283,0.1446395,0.4299819,0.0002868439],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02391903,0.1548403,0.7400754,0.001499364,0.001034337,0.00009869208,0.001766509,0.001754572,0.07501183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08981839,0.1218414,0.6698506,0.001069576,0.0003493978,0.0001951202,0.0009954901,0.000823062,0.1150569],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003042039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01017666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131468029","doi":"10.1038/416729a","title":"Fisheries productivity in the northeastern Pacific Ocean over the past 2,200 years","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":299,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Sardine; Anchovy; Pacific decadal oscillation; Oceanography; Abundance (ecology); Fishery; Productivity; Pacific ocean; Geography; Historical record; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Bruce P. Finney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irene Gregory‐Eaves","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marianne S. V. Douglas","is_ca":true},{"name":"John P. Smol","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005812427067176956,"gpt":0.1978389467648596,"spread":0.1920265196976826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005787743,0.0002023662,0.0001673518,0.001065898,0.0003722798,0.0006225582,0.0003297001,0.0003020533,0.000622644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001830494,0.0002011466,0.0003618613,0.001601076,0.0003220184,0.0006345381,0.0004011998,0.0002882369,0.0001184577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008181764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004748525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.118847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2681037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998374,0.00001752121,0.0000266496,0.00004880202,0.00004301657,0.00002650255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991222,0.0001143746,0.000432419,0.00004834812,0.0001972109,0.00008535762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003678397,0.000008835278,0.9953417,0.00002284949,0.0001264892,0.00008388828,0.0001250568,0.0002183072,0.000210719,0.00002400649,0.0001890567,0.00361239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.743671e-7,0.000003803528,0.9993733,0.000003812142,0.00001572717,0.00005162565,0.00008050539,0.000135887,0.00002763056,0.000009831039,0.0002956888,0.000001473217],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976712,0.000562635,0.00006293042,0.00009944128,0.000011431,0.000001420006,0.001167103,0.000003731458,0.0004201589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972025,0.0006221971,0.00008300546,0.00003755946,0.00001524358,0.000003051957,0.001099561,0.000002664982,0.0009342605],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.118847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2363105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089613281","doi":"10.1139/z02-007","title":"A synthesis of tissue-preservation effects on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":290,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Food web; Stable isotope ratio; Biology; Isotope analysis; δ13C; δ15N; Invertebrate; Isotope; Isotopes of nitrogen; Isotopes of carbon; Caddisfly; Isotopic signature; Ecology; Ecosystem; Zoology; Total organic carbon; Larva","authors":[{"name":"Helen C Sarakinos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael L. Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Jake Vander Zanden","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007051165152785114,"gpt":0.1930841156013341,"spread":0.186032950448549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003656169,0.001518726,0.001774601,0.002015013,0.0005059296,0.0008102236,0.0004717604,0.0003891581,0.006243214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008329418,0.0004173134,0.001500804,0.001909214,0.000503617,0.0007326612,0.0006426919,0.0005081139,0.0006355582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008516695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009375937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003339247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003783362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981294,0.0004916836,0.0003767871,0.0004017866,0.0004950206,0.0001053001],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9903818,0.00458762,0.00120108,0.0008752444,0.002808257,0.0001460148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004628157,0.0005055742,0.02027753,0.007439963,0.001256915,0.0002597496,0.0003281811,0.002234977,0.7748588,0.0005524781,0.0005870376,0.1870707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001558311,0.007043135,0.1836269,0.0006354197,0.009522479,0.0005119205,0.0004297641,0.004992656,0.7700583,0.0010208,0.02185837,0.0001444801],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8177235,0.03998004,0.1060631,0.0003819531,0.0005024099,0.002014702,0.01912921,0.0008629765,0.01334215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8535954,0.02185218,0.102167,0.0002728477,0.0001579874,0.001904625,0.01300528,0.0003182677,0.006726384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006243214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02088559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067829577","doi":"10.1139/f02-031","title":"A trophic study of a marine ecosystem off southeastern Australia using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":290,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Australian Antarctic Division; Fisheries Research and Development Corporation; Havforskningsinstituttet","keywords":"Trophic level; Benthic zone; Isotope analysis; Ecology; Invertebrate; Seagrass; δ15N; Benthos; Biology; Stable isotope ratio; δ13C; Environmental science; Oceanography; Ecosystem; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie Davenport","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas J. Bax","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03260634920368828,"gpt":0.2235977181794433,"spread":0.190991368975755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002553254,0.0003231239,0.0002239246,0.0009187379,0.001295907,0.0003361444,0.0002355691,0.0002271705,0.0006452352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005532586,0.0003207001,0.0002032032,0.0007400704,0.0004493078,0.000433667,0.0006499543,0.0002073905,0.0001294239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001181499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006309939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1415706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3040094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998698,0.00002745247,0.000009052415,0.00002745865,0.00003503198,0.00003119567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996719,0.00002659726,0.00007250045,0.0000137254,0.0001100095,0.0001053084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001343397,0.0001273323,0.9528243,0.00009104996,0.0001113152,0.001591435,0.007851169,0.0001798158,0.01769086,0.0001382373,0.0001964484,0.01906362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002561478,0.00008415981,0.9979845,0.000008588042,0.00001657246,0.0002006964,0.0007426954,0.0003753873,0.0001726923,0.00003467301,0.0003741836,0.000003291372],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996297,0.00003664863,0.0000577387,0.000009910443,3.946952e-7,0.000004827132,0.00003088786,0.0000010105,0.0002288044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986053,0.00009196012,0.0005798801,0.00002500189,0.000001412733,0.00001035019,0.0001163887,0.000001054692,0.0005686319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1415706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2814931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993268380","doi":"10.1007/s00442-005-0069-5","title":"‘Are fish what they eat’ all year round?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oecologia","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":288,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Ectotherm; Isotopic signature; Isotope; Muscle tissue; Isotope analysis; Animal science; Stable isotope ratio; Zoology; Ecology; Endocrinology","authors":[{"name":"Marie‐Elodie Perga","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Gerdeau×","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01312055472132297,"gpt":0.2420488198875376,"spread":0.2289282651662147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001769678,0.0003894425,0.0004253421,0.0005432232,0.0008130245,0.001589579,0.0005265872,0.001444072,0.007513077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00386986,0.0003000983,0.0002379743,0.0009673422,0.004395948,0.005719678,0.0011421,0.001806063,0.001824823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001011486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006425875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007482733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01589346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994513,0.0001444115,0.00002957653,0.0001731458,0.0001203768,0.00008124612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992589,0.0001599457,0.0001391656,0.0001240149,0.0002382325,0.00007974554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008957322,0.00009179149,0.1586667,0.001109964,0.0004144655,0.0007415457,0.0121889,0.0004023214,0.03167047,0.1289733,0.09237729,0.5724675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004100024,0.0003079053,0.2659004,0.0006570825,0.0002035986,0.003545504,0.01841702,0.0005732833,0.006476767,0.0905649,0.6131192,0.0001934131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4769069,0.05818957,0.03668979,0.2190587,0.01025234,0.00006769079,0.001582386,0.0004842205,0.1967683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.873643,0.01727867,0.0101354,0.03902715,0.001583747,0.00005017425,0.0004760896,0.0002294181,0.05757625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007513077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02513373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157366764","doi":"10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00482-7","title":"Trophic transfer of persistent organochlorine contaminants (OCs) within an Arctic marine food web from the southern Beaufort–Chukchi Seas","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":288,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Trophic level; Food web; Biomagnification; Biota; Beluga Whale; Arctic; Fishery; Zooplankton; Arctic char; Beluga; Salvelinus; Ecology; Biology; Trout","authors":[{"name":"Paul F. Hoekstra","is_ca":true},{"name":"Todd M. O’Hara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aaron T. Fisk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrine Borgå","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith R. Solomon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Derek C. G. Muir","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008279343267049386,"gpt":0.1777251369931821,"spread":0.1694457937261327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001733102,0.0002392248,0.0003085857,0.0009793647,0.002445937,0.0008906841,0.0003972862,0.0004685102,0.0007489374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003767379,0.0003482902,0.0002345402,0.0008011325,0.0007061189,0.0003105406,0.0007132483,0.0003694993,0.0001713374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002332902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001161086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4200878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6579378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998649,0.00001391971,0.00000552679,0.00004141841,0.00002109798,0.00005307741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996576,0.00004995778,0.00007614761,0.00001573037,0.00009392166,0.0001065996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005370452,0.00008062585,0.9493554,0.00003747598,0.0001413425,0.0005270216,0.006634736,0.0007035146,0.03646062,0.0001480391,0.000169232,0.00520503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002334237,0.00003190197,0.997428,0.000004436283,0.00002011947,0.00008363742,0.001525354,0.0004796958,0.0002685761,0.00001502723,0.0001350963,0.00000572344],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998646,0.000009721568,0.00001070952,0.000003200332,3.680671e-7,4.999963e-7,0.00002093898,5.098354e-7,0.00008934095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996221,0.00002055551,0.00006062204,0.000007906133,6.165349e-7,0.000001883275,0.00006891535,0.000001174689,0.000216147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4200878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8352851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049721893","doi":"10.1139/f09-196","title":"Turnover and fractionation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in tissues of a migratory coastal predator, summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":284,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flounder; Fractionation; Paralichthys; Stable isotope ratio; Biology; Isotope analysis; Olive flounder; Animal science; Turnover; Juvenile; Isotopes of nitrogen; Chemistry; Ecology; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>","authors":[{"name":"Andre Buchheister","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert J. Latour","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01210409705384764,"gpt":0.2264947252917891,"spread":0.2143906282379415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001712646,0.0001609043,0.000119024,0.0004504268,0.0002679737,0.0002109468,0.0001547961,0.0001933597,0.0002553176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000287563,0.0001653253,0.0001071252,0.0001876306,0.0002369651,0.0002189031,0.0001393282,0.0001483907,0.00009083045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003994977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001965223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0143745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03475248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999441,0.000006738177,0.000003401364,0.00002670236,0.000009618232,0.000009387884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998097,0.00003526659,0.00007556716,0.000009835923,0.00004386612,0.00002578737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004232187,0.00007632958,0.6624311,0.00004451446,0.00004801538,0.0001218601,0.0005102344,0.0005396767,0.3257269,0.00008502245,0.00007347253,0.009919724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003438416,0.0001349291,0.9930313,0.000002086477,0.00001122203,0.00008418805,0.0001177887,0.001004096,0.00551152,0.00001954842,0.00007583137,0.000004011953],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997929,0.00002446107,0.00009669275,0.00000178751,3.580444e-7,0.000001038414,0.00003484217,0.00000116738,0.00004676585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989833,0.00004527434,0.0004875859,0.000007779224,0.00000103946,0.000007466459,0.0002079349,0.000002506172,0.000257112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0143745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02858168,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254943202","doi":"10.1139/z00-008","title":"Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissue of captive red fox: implications for dietary reconstruction","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":283,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Fractionation; Biology; Trophic level; Stable isotope ratio; Isotopes of nitrogen; Isotope analysis; Vulpes; Isotope; Isotope fractionation; Equilibrium fractionation; Isotopes of carbon; Animal science; Ecology; Chemistry; Chromatography; Predation","authors":[{"name":"James D. Roth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith A. Hobson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01266286367944629,"gpt":0.2319007293777199,"spread":0.2192378656982736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008229955,0.0002931874,0.0002736836,0.0006023946,0.0003556611,0.0004823667,0.0003533209,0.0003098303,0.0005285973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007920778,0.0002139879,0.0001402036,0.0002791588,0.0003363991,0.0003727517,0.0002080314,0.0001439407,0.0001250857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003768428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001722551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006543449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01333616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999897,0.00003076445,0.000005818122,0.00004094484,0.00001314308,0.00001236209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996302,0.0001197357,0.00007662207,0.00003610517,0.00008476083,0.0000525245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007885835,0.00004335175,0.6984269,0.000106622,0.0001995145,0.0004231174,0.0008869031,0.0004823416,0.265509,0.000294799,0.0001309705,0.03270793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000337767,0.0001583414,0.9924804,0.00001288754,0.00004396919,0.0002281278,0.0003409994,0.0009603727,0.005228236,0.0001477537,0.0003861605,0.000009443864],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978939,0.0005162862,0.001047481,0.0000315835,0.000005706227,0.00000301924,0.00006854009,0.000006943269,0.0004265538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967378,0.0003728583,0.002257023,0.00005243274,0.00000976292,0.0000103429,0.0002188211,0.000009410629,0.0003315072],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006543449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01301074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045040114","doi":"10.1086/425202","title":"Isotopic Discrimination between Food and Blood and Feathers of Captive Penguins: Implications for Dietary Studies in the Wild","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Feather; Biology; Predation; Isotope analysis; Zoology; δ15N; δ13C; Stable isotope ratio; Isotopes of nitrogen; Herring; Capelin; Delta; Animal science; Ecology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Fishery","authors":[{"name":"Yves Cherel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith A. Hobson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sami Hassani","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06586831369630569,"gpt":0.3099786247583258,"spread":0.2441103110620201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002763473,0.000350248,0.0002526992,0.0007379628,0.0003606119,0.0004978153,0.000379869,0.0003500905,0.0005031499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008075705,0.0002088473,0.000118953,0.0003247732,0.0005962728,0.0004203956,0.0002737854,0.0002079935,0.0001058204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003667567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009212874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009025302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01834271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998341,0.00003870406,0.00001085665,0.00007684643,0.00002163489,0.00001784334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994703,0.0001626933,0.0001301758,0.00005228343,0.0000749047,0.0001095941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006185948,0.00006925096,0.6907657,0.00009727617,0.0001365395,0.0003647872,0.0008599931,0.0001642332,0.2813228,0.0001121529,0.0001118821,0.02537675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002733699,0.0001460642,0.9943593,0.000004445452,0.00002087469,0.0003121208,0.0003676149,0.0002944054,0.004256345,0.00004810709,0.0001808727,0.000007113439],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990742,0.000256786,0.0003118263,0.00001308102,0.000002771476,0.000002695103,0.00005875331,0.000005612617,0.0002741276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987827,0.0001515522,0.0007641367,0.00003091273,0.000004679518,0.000007819713,0.0001202626,0.000003749414,0.0001341443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009025302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01794553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048658861","doi":"10.1126/science.1112658","title":"Arctic Seabirds Transport Marine-Derived Contaminants","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Government of Nunavut; Ontario Genomics; Nunavut Research Institute; Queen's University; University of Toronto; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Trophic level; Arctic; Food chain; Pollutant; Contamination; Hexachlorobenzene; Pollution; Guano; Marine ecosystem; Ecology; Productivity; Ecosystem; Mercury (programming language); Oceanography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jules M. Blais","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lynda E. Kimpe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dominique McMahon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bronwyn E. Keatley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mark L. Mallory","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marianne S. V. Douglas","is_ca":true},{"name":"John P. Smol","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006551834051437518,"gpt":0.2288124911302409,"spread":0.2222606570788034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005499815,0.0002142061,0.0001084437,0.0002101118,0.0002987062,0.0003103758,0.00007757782,0.0001209399,0.00102498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001015423,0.00008134546,0.0001090384,0.0001122223,0.0001141655,0.0001375004,0.0001748685,0.0001311937,0.0003022452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002050272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001337613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01451557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01600375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999573,0.000007424615,0.000001454195,0.00001290889,0.000006065257,0.00001480875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999918,0.000007787438,0.00002862147,0.000005675816,0.0000204272,0.00001957728],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004135856,0.00007062347,0.6053354,0.00007634194,0.0001211775,0.0001902104,0.0003553965,0.0006685715,0.3628182,0.0002064228,0.0005981497,0.02914597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005805836,0.0002994868,0.964474,0.00001135285,0.00005284547,0.0003727376,0.0004817017,0.000958696,0.03057769,0.0001139785,0.002640859,0.00001073722],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985729,0.0001814767,0.0002931022,0.00001429624,0.000003388627,0.000001870366,0.00009748382,0.00001387928,0.000821583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988428,0.0001944011,0.0003063132,0.00001977375,0.000002613021,0.000001935454,0.0001233661,0.000002853783,0.0005058243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01451557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02886218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156509962","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01667.x","title":"Trophic theory of island biogeography","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeography; Insular biogeography; Ecology; Trophic level; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Dominique Gravel","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Massol","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elsa Canard","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Mouillot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolas Mouquet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0079472970723545,"gpt":0.1798497267644838,"spread":0.1719024296921293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003415683,0.0003115427,0.000346166,0.000945825,0.0004477456,0.0008890574,0.0007606471,0.0005791661,0.00355218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001253572,0.000116421,0.0004038502,0.0009525002,0.00101343,0.001526836,0.0006675953,0.0006470001,0.0005238903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008555582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003944442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006964518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998846,0.00003474333,0.000004995957,0.00002649655,0.0000304112,0.00001874648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997538,0.0001085848,0.00002720811,0.00003251307,0.00004612872,0.00003179188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004471639,0.000005934115,0.001700658,0.00004751257,0.00002504477,0.00008239492,0.0001128958,0.03283631,0.0002865184,0.9427978,0.003770459,0.01832993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000374853,0.000005979325,0.001814594,0.00002233438,0.00000811925,0.00009734133,0.00003956525,0.06030193,0.00003517792,0.9283435,0.009319013,0.000008607132],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1247279,0.01272189,0.5707201,0.007441494,0.0004581783,0.00006783106,0.001450921,0.0004590541,0.2819526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9409143,0.006079949,0.02704861,0.0005392863,0.0003405545,0.00009780721,0.0003189127,0.00006078342,0.02459977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006964518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01384795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002285111","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00056.x","title":"Effects of lipid extraction on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of fish tissues: potential consequences for food web studies","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology Of Freshwater Fish","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":277,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Parks Canada; Northern Arizona University","keywords":"Muscle tissue; Juvenile; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Stable isotope ratio; Extraction (chemistry); Isotope; Biology; Chemistry; Lipid metabolism; Isotope analysis; Biochemistry; Ecology; Chromatography; Fishery; Anatomy","authors":[{"name":"M. A. Sotiropoulos","is_ca":true},{"name":"William M. Tonn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leonard I. Wassenaar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0190093038234832,"gpt":0.2803479950194624,"spread":0.2613386911959792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006884006,0.001156966,0.0006267363,0.0008869003,0.0009070021,0.0009468267,0.0004831762,0.0007637299,0.00189972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006723117,0.0006239191,0.0005809116,0.0008713565,0.001544116,0.0009975216,0.0009417039,0.0008580915,0.0008859142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007116388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000651797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001534585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005067897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962744,0.001787341,0.0004293981,0.0004852071,0.0008065781,0.0002171357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912545,0.005252524,0.001247444,0.001084751,0.0009954544,0.0001653459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008870039,0.00009646866,0.005600509,0.0002427492,0.00008899042,0.0001969233,0.0001107668,0.000298833,0.9866486,0.0002201041,0.00009055402,0.005518432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003729317,0.0005052972,0.02230236,0.0000510974,0.000108746,0.0003035517,0.00008076648,0.001475391,0.9724069,0.0005221406,0.002180045,0.00002639259],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9314545,0.005918432,0.05528931,0.0008128168,0.0004314685,0.0006736548,0.00095592,0.0002761206,0.004187723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9054233,0.003897307,0.081889,0.001277694,0.0001432581,0.0007085407,0.00127136,0.0004023276,0.004987225],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006884006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03640658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997112584","doi":"10.1139/z06-016","title":"Major components of grizzly bear diet across North America","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":276,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Davis; Commission for Environmental Cooperation","keywords":"Grizzly Bears; Oncorhynchus; Biology; Ursus; Arctic; Predation; Ecology; Zoology; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Population","authors":[{"name":"Garth Mowat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas C. Heard","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007206692077763216,"gpt":0.2101065488113041,"spread":0.2028998567335409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001964415,0.0001775126,0.0002285535,0.0005974119,0.0005695435,0.0002484989,0.0002337319,0.0001473002,0.0009164718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003129346,0.0001318756,0.0001452242,0.0004175304,0.0002821535,0.0001699218,0.0003434223,0.0001488918,0.0001248753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005890137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002278412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1030678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3101868,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999838,0.00002053269,0.000007602212,0.00007344579,0.00003633765,0.00002402235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997775,0.00001962185,0.00007092499,0.00002175144,0.00005284005,0.00005747341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006751315,0.00001166583,0.9912016,0.00001241638,0.00006278243,0.00005802872,0.0008447337,0.00003454864,0.003299024,0.00002482528,0.0001901134,0.004192635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.010888e-7,0.000003687889,0.9997224,0.000001021718,0.000002900032,0.00002298569,0.00008977713,0.00001285811,0.00001768334,0.000004059062,0.0001213941,6.274923e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991924,0.0001332427,0.00003983961,0.00002405895,0.000001302065,0.00000295008,0.0001917936,0.000003923758,0.000410454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989018,0.0001449791,0.0001728303,0.0000449399,0.00000318246,0.00000596677,0.000458755,0.000003256041,0.0002642771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8969322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2049357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}