{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1242,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":3,"predictions_cover":1242,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"35de6743e3b7","filters":{"topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena"}},"results":[{"id":"W2034501757","doi":"10.1126/science.1107466","title":"Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes Observed up to 20 MeV","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":463,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Bremsstrahlung; Physics; Gamma ray; Satellite; Photon; Electron; Spectral line; Astrophysics; High energy; Atmosphere (unit); Nuclear physics; Astronomy; Atomic physics; Optics; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"David M. Smith","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liliana I. Lopez","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. P. Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher Barrington‐Leigh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02066193482265759,"gpt":0.2508772961105745,"spread":0.2302153612879169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002524933,0.00009368255,0.00009501598,0.00005507069,0.0002154923,0.0001277915,0.0004380318,0.00001038846,0.0002625558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001164724,0.00007810662,0.0000334115,0.0004084184,0.0001147553,0.0002253462,0.0000758648,0.00007210529,0.0004630278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003075297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000149254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004832713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006001971,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989009,0.00001308488,0.0001246231,0.0002897901,0.0002476156,0.0004239553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995025,0.00002212322,0.00003128107,0.0002355189,0.00002422712,0.0001843091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007887033,0.0001432909,0.02528435,0.000004993081,0.00003669141,0.00000163721,0.00694873,0.001631357,0.770159,0.01455824,0.02062617,0.1605266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002439705,0.0008428149,0.05346693,0.00006602496,0.00004864527,0.000001991892,0.0007507151,0.004800075,0.3773859,0.01072594,0.5481977,0.001273541],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756036,0.00002028602,0.0004198576,0.001269211,0.0004495882,0.00009177581,0.000003662641,0.00003521218,0.02210683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914507,2.443694e-7,0.001489164,0.0001283273,0.0009160982,0.00001203239,0.000001746234,0.000005466974,0.005996261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5275716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.595144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254562070","doi":"10.1109/59.910786","title":"Enforcing passivity for admittance matrices approximated by rational functions","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":376,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Passivity; Admittance; Rational function; Admittance parameters; Linearization; Positive-definite matrix; Control theory (sociology); Mathematics; Frequency domain; Quadratic equation; Jacobian matrix and determinant; Electric power system; Applied mathematics; Quadratic programming; Mathematical optimization; Voltage; Power (physics); Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Electrical impedance; Engineering; Physics; Nonlinear system","authors":[{"name":"Bjørn Gustavsen","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Semlyen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008349758174591377,"gpt":0.2219992354729647,"spread":0.2136494772983733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001177008,0.0001758327,0.0001906357,0.00007947485,0.0004222605,0.0001039561,0.0001045947,0.00004715703,0.0002429709],"category_scores_gemma":[8.314079e-7,0.0001643861,0.0001119283,0.0002346127,0.00002268336,0.0001820546,4.683782e-7,0.0001376936,0.00006536084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005345922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005001342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001739691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004463002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989367,0.00003543706,0.0002692958,0.0002736975,0.0001697558,0.0003151668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994117,0.0001095947,0.0001014152,0.0002016876,0.00008003464,0.00009559307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002177883,0.009840319,0.007340905,0.0006624951,0.004433563,0.00001053578,0.006200914,0.1495576,0.2126202,0.04933343,0.5304433,0.02737889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009999231,0.003194194,0.0005333743,0.0004791779,0.0007166001,0.00007358316,0.003746065,0.129649,0.054602,0.001854821,0.7917213,0.003430624],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03743276,0.0000994435,0.9543565,0.0001560691,0.001209464,0.0004366793,0.0002894935,0.0001156736,0.005903928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884184,0.000002969872,0.0001378691,0.00003077376,0.00008024938,0.0004861509,0.00004360813,0.00002415963,0.01077581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9542186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6703472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979154394","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2013.07.002","title":"Lightning strike protection of composites","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":363,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning strike; Lightning (connector); Composite material; Materials science; Composite number; Stiffness; Electrical conductor; Structural engineering; Engineering; Lightning arrester; Electrical engineering; Power (physics)","authors":[{"name":"M. Gagné","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Therriault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01198779744185327,"gpt":0.2453569489679588,"spread":0.2333691515261056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001912912,0.00008388882,0.0001233225,0.0000752668,0.0001151685,0.00008569814,0.0001936672,0.0000161301,0.0001275042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003119613,0.00006516206,0.00002479958,0.0004371726,0.0002867656,0.00021993,0.00004121367,0.00008633773,0.00001737323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009338592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002989348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002718011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000220459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991926,0.00003071551,0.0001508956,0.0001902963,0.000179134,0.0002563798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997112,0.00002350214,0.0001021274,0.00008896527,0.00003842275,0.00003581504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002632194,0.0001087957,0.9531572,0.00001243082,0.000007057373,9.658458e-8,0.0008352118,0.00005160191,0.01195675,0.005745902,0.00007024003,0.02805204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001531002,0.002072657,0.4687312,0.0004815878,0.00002479168,0.000002665501,0.004645694,0.01831647,0.4526844,0.05008094,0.0004985025,0.0009301137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898826,0.000323321,0.0002232279,0.0004999356,0.00006891194,0.0002611638,7.69481e-7,0.00002138094,0.008718726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964693,0.000001087714,0.003237065,0.000004953624,0.00004888847,0.00009833236,7.903419e-7,0.000003886473,0.0001357301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4844261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2657232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971451802","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2012.2206407","title":"A Test Case for the Calculation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geomagnetically induced current; Transformer; Autotransformer; Electric power system; Electric power transmission; Software; Ground; Earth's magnetic field; Emtp; Voltage; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Geomagnetic storm; Magnetic field; Power (physics); Physics; Distribution transformer","authors":[{"name":"Randy Horton","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. H. Boteler","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas J. Overbye","is_ca":false},{"name":"Risto Pirjola","is_ca":false},{"name":"R.C. Dugan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01685338070713852,"gpt":0.2513986418023761,"spread":0.2345452610952376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105595,0.0001108047,0.0001064744,0.00004936556,0.0001787004,0.00001420595,0.00007672507,0.00003088682,0.000225344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002634952,0.00008331157,0.0001111239,0.0001134937,0.00003362343,0.0001016192,8.726585e-7,0.0001239949,0.00002049063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000161924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002629541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001276823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002508323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993291,0.00002018838,0.0001813917,0.0001126724,0.0001057979,0.000250849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991812,0.0004341335,0.00005323662,0.0001906396,0.00006932188,0.00007144711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001005907,0.01755638,0.01409356,0.0002081669,0.002221992,0.00001746736,0.02010439,0.008148531,0.2521654,0.01022391,0.008701405,0.6655529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01986103,0.01376489,0.02957061,0.0004139658,0.004799352,0.0004616102,0.005584283,0.07533491,0.8202868,0.003367347,0.0220731,0.004482103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7828426,0.00005331392,0.2153532,0.00008167022,0.0005495131,0.000239493,0.00007235399,0.00001771541,0.0007901291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994047,0.000001637053,0.0002137351,0.00002710812,0.0000852292,0.00007260605,0.000003169284,0.0000136169,0.0001781943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6610708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3397347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132443652","doi":"10.5194/acp-7-645-2007","title":"The Chisholm firestorm: observed microstructure, precipitation and lightning activity of a pyro-cumulonimbus","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":174,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Graupel; Precipitation; Atmospheric sciences; Troposphere; Meteorology; Storm; Environmental science; Stratosphere; Overcast; Ice crystals; Climatology; Lightning (connector); Geology; Geography; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Rosenfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Fromm","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Trentmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Luderer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meinrat O. Andreae","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Servranckx","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006732538805969151,"gpt":0.2110217144104954,"spread":0.2042891756045262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001234805,0.0001502325,0.0001546223,1.623853e-7,0.0002574801,0.00004456555,0.00008720164,0.0000381961,0.00002482123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005464097,0.0001182032,0.00004079144,0.0001126573,0.0001309777,0.00009603699,0.00003599824,0.0001497428,5.5185e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001288831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002590271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001132664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001592331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993093,0.00001165016,0.0001537199,0.0001945997,0.00009558936,0.0002351235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994405,0.0001469186,0.0001275935,0.0001758485,0.00003920908,0.00006995544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001263993,0.0000978147,0.02429352,0.00009456246,0.0001351693,7.164622e-7,0.001562402,0.00003846439,0.4189935,0.00130713,0.0001247424,0.5532256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001594007,0.0001956948,0.225094,0.00008530876,0.0001485881,0.000006850835,0.0005443772,0.00525059,0.7393423,0.02143753,0.005619209,0.0006815339],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993355,0.0003821978,0.0009600668,0.0000387818,0.0000376789,0.00007149688,0.000005348356,0.00001507747,0.005134379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973108,0.00002323551,0.001453874,0.000007882358,0.000250222,0.000005216342,0.000009569124,0.0000123664,0.000926876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5525441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4820185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1625110079","doi":"10.1029/2006jd007959","title":"On return stroke currents and remote electromagnetic fields associated with lightning strikes to tall structures: 2. Experiment and model validation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Kinectrics (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Electric field; Lightning (connector); Rogowski coil; Tower; Magnetic field; Physics; Lightning strike; Geodesy; Electromagnetic coil; Meteorology; Geology; Geophysics; Thunderstorm; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"D. Pavanello","is_ca":false},{"name":"Farhad Rachidi","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. Janischewskyj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marcos Rubinstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.M. Hussein","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. Petrache","is_ca":true},{"name":"V. Shostak","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Boev","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carlo Alberto Nucci","is_ca":false},{"name":"William A. Chisholm","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Nyffeler","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.S. Chang","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Jaquier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01865820674255144,"gpt":0.3088072027619586,"spread":0.2901489960194072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006180162,0.0001877675,0.0002929993,0.00005234122,0.0002112699,0.0001580053,0.0001770365,0.00005394074,0.00003842837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001250277,0.0001355551,0.00005108236,0.0002411871,0.00008604106,0.0001403382,0.00007240435,0.000713715,0.000001647169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007907057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001121615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001164764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009640565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978898,0.0001141181,0.0003152793,0.0002529076,0.0008347682,0.0005931084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985262,0.0004989546,0.0001560351,0.0001473306,0.0002973071,0.0003741684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01054392,0.003344348,0.01673247,0.0001651418,0.002299315,0.000224496,0.01594339,0.006073986,0.4703312,0.0815958,0.01084308,0.3819029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01250053,0.07049915,0.065311,0.001948417,0.0003350262,0.00004500778,0.004056583,0.05540932,0.2890814,0.4980585,0.0006782978,0.002076782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952421,0.0001632363,0.002679144,0.0002122353,0.00003137662,0.0001684958,0.000004376178,0.000008231739,0.001490854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962009,0.00001179065,0.002920356,0.00002483576,0.0002462779,0.000002185808,0.000003507409,0.00001984028,0.0005702936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4164627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5527777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055455840","doi":"10.1175/2010mwr3452.1","title":"The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN)—Analysis of Flash Data: 2001–09","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Weather Review","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning detection; Lightning (connector); Flash (photography); Meteorology; Environmental science; Peak current; Climatology; Upper-atmospheric lightning; Geography; Geology; Lightning strike; Thunderstorm; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Richard E. Orville","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gary R. Huffines","is_ca":false},{"name":"William R. Burrows","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kenneth L. Cummins","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01119390152391444,"gpt":0.2487100537462616,"spread":0.2375161522223471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005857192,0.0001804741,0.000529252,0.00004021422,0.0002361365,0.00004467868,0.0005753238,0.00001443743,0.0001462962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001785097,0.0001171815,0.0001967949,0.001221432,0.00009142444,0.00008724639,0.0001104091,0.0002757599,0.00003862715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009280862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003165104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004581405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001859753,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986018,0.0001026283,0.0004059339,0.0003145474,0.0001891227,0.0003859757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982598,0.0001216059,0.0003555315,0.001117147,0.00006054578,0.00008535974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001616648,0.0001319066,0.1238857,0.0001050266,0.002946515,9.481154e-7,0.0001554176,0.0003275666,0.0006103424,0.0009342256,0.01471323,0.8561729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001642542,0.0001460698,0.04908426,0.0001984915,0.003902163,4.513467e-7,0.00002648015,0.004347397,0.0001309412,0.0002813495,0.9413372,0.0003809209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8506895,0.08311737,0.002009051,0.001916709,0.0008134432,0.001254203,0.0002042493,0.0001528123,0.05984269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937896,0.003341576,0.0006081682,0.000185216,0.0007315412,0.00006875839,0.0001670022,0.00003453804,0.001073653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.926624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4778524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099577355","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2008.923406","title":"A Half-Size Singularity Test Matrix for Fast and Reliable Passivity Assessment of Rational Models","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Singularity; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Passivity; Admittance parameters; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Hamiltonian matrix; Matrix (chemical analysis); Computation; Admittance; Mathematical analysis; Symmetric matrix; Algorithm; Physics; Engineering; Electrical impedance; Quantum mechanics","authors":[{"name":"A. Semlyen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bjørn Gustavsen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0119631222667921,"gpt":0.2425863375763649,"spread":0.2306232153095728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008808858,0.000138491,0.0001955218,0.00005269897,0.0002911322,0.00001978447,0.00006646816,0.00004015972,0.0001183052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000152176,0.0001367835,0.00009157962,0.0001100123,0.00007193879,0.0001776593,0.000001390055,0.0001437924,0.000002003504],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003444227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001549558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001628062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003598162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991796,0.00001820487,0.0002114845,0.0002285705,0.0001605079,0.0002016384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993036,0.0002517776,0.00007283664,0.0001650427,0.0001366581,0.000070082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001827701,0.03189092,0.03761018,0.000696005,0.00356147,0.00003304,0.01018801,0.3803465,0.3803907,0.09668005,0.02377862,0.03299687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01904503,0.008945407,0.032467,0.0004239865,0.001184543,0.00009205865,0.001121338,0.6799335,0.1739885,0.07427785,0.004913038,0.003607785],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3262361,0.0000208517,0.6710387,0.0001320807,0.0001319008,0.0001983644,0.0001796992,0.0000238021,0.002038511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884518,0.00001010005,0.01012833,0.00002967174,0.00003298436,0.00005887037,0.000008287983,0.00001471115,0.001265248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6622157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5577869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136746149","doi":"10.1109/22.954772","title":"A general class of passive macromodels for lossy multiconductor transmission lines","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Matrix exponential; Exponential function; Rational function; Lossy compression; Model order reduction; Matrix (chemical analysis); Applied mathematics; Electric power transmission; Mathematics; Equivalent circuit; Class (philosophy); Computer science; Topology (electrical circuits); Electronic engineering; Mathematical optimization; Algorithm; Mathematical analysis; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Anestis Dounavis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ramachandra Achar","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Nakhla","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01059743314206074,"gpt":0.2529453901708026,"spread":0.2423479570287419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001579029,0.0001747088,0.0002187014,0.00009079446,0.0001505643,0.00001780625,0.00008903131,0.00006448646,0.0001046471],"category_scores_gemma":[6.899861e-7,0.000147298,0.0001259291,0.00008106076,0.0001070283,0.00008092698,9.024942e-7,0.0001370743,0.000001063258],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001131574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002373273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002309815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000100165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992152,0.00007358276,0.0002211863,0.0002222169,0.00005689951,0.0002109559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995149,0.0001352876,0.00006857041,0.000152629,0.00006320752,0.00006537083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002990986,0.0001974179,0.000005689589,0.00002071285,0.00006050884,4.681596e-7,0.0003504851,0.00001588722,0.8271139,0.01152723,0.00004642201,0.1603622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004191942,0.0003856933,0.000001742984,0.00004988934,0.00006895135,0.000004893822,0.00007772052,0.0001540321,0.9262329,0.0709232,0.001518796,0.0001630051],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4418265,0.00003638477,0.5569549,0.00006523602,0.00003038614,0.0002222196,0.00005060296,0.0000487568,0.0007650162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874186,0.00005364508,0.01075376,0.00005004331,0.00009113084,0.00008336392,0.000008433271,0.00002378413,0.001517223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5462011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6006637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172218252","doi":"10.1071/wf02001","title":"A model to predict lightning-caused fire occurrences","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Environmental science; Meteorology; Probability model; Noon; Statistics; Flash (photography); Boreal; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Mathematics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Kerry Anderson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01978241720301002,"gpt":0.2491241252745648,"spread":0.2293417080715548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009497456,0.0001191088,0.0001660231,0.00007828502,0.00005857438,0.00008994307,0.0004272504,0.00002442305,0.000491667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001237156,0.0000926188,0.0001071263,0.0000813622,0.00001964275,0.00018251,0.00003984741,0.0001775916,0.00004601472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003031314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003536926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001346565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.934814e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989571,0.00001294683,0.0003358885,0.0001183125,0.0003980316,0.0001777511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993436,0.00003247635,0.0001994538,0.00008581668,0.0001981124,0.0001405614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002696564,0.001430652,0.2673587,0.00001501483,0.001583169,0.0001037927,0.01002073,0.03154594,0.002094987,0.003164402,0.351833,0.3305799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005887722,0.002219081,0.009602369,0.0007973766,0.0002152174,0.0001537994,0.0004426409,0.8547217,0.0009484593,0.02047819,0.1034266,0.001106845],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880141,0.0002835927,0.001366538,0.003327109,0.0006338302,0.00005234119,0.00003875628,0.00001296898,0.006270775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965883,0.00001833888,0.0004961179,0.0002041726,0.001257629,0.000003448367,0.000005580373,0.000009035855,0.001417363],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8231758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5383409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151141567","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2003.822530","title":"A Robust Approach for System Identification in the Frequency Domain","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Realization (probability); Mathematics; Frequency domain; Minimal realization; Rank (graph theory); Matrix (chemical analysis); Nonlinear system; Control theory (sociology); Model order reduction; Applied mathematics; Linear system; Mathematical analysis; Algorithm; Computer science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Bjørn Gustavsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Semlyen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01391934223627962,"gpt":0.2046809924978877,"spread":0.1907616502616081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002191142,0.0001201959,0.000110575,0.00008876954,0.0002008668,0.00005751907,0.0001816223,0.00003401189,0.00001739575],"category_scores_gemma":[2.629452e-7,0.00009437057,0.0001015626,0.0002058949,0.0000269289,0.0001084033,3.459726e-7,0.0001554851,0.00002346151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009386002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004608674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002153993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005890322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991619,0.00004318845,0.0002133542,0.0002297985,0.0001300609,0.0002217234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995902,0.00004120587,0.00004999287,0.0002551333,0.00003312675,0.00003037836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005695772,0.009542104,0.0004783942,0.0004223132,0.0008851225,0.00001575053,0.04707997,0.3942821,0.07660572,0.4547833,0.0015777,0.01375797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.06966866,0.01063729,0.01300285,0.001863415,0.002643143,0.0002817511,0.2570975,0.04034624,0.2037634,0.3854342,0.003996036,0.01126542],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2064647,0.0000212047,0.7869448,0.0001151842,0.0001672876,0.0003755182,0.00003878042,0.00003248254,0.005840049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950604,9.169111e-7,0.00435329,0.00004437631,0.00004893434,0.0003731443,0.00001453901,0.00001416535,0.00009020253],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7885958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.384832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085187722","doi":"10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2196450","title":"Development and Analysis of Applicability of a Hybrid Transient Simulation Platform Combining TSA and EMT Elements","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Fault (geology); Electric power system; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Interface (matter); Engineering; Stability (learning theory); Transient analysis; Power (physics); Control engineering; Electrical engineering; Transient response","authors":[{"name":"Yi Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.M. Gole","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wenchuan Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Boming Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongbin Sun","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01511078557896998,"gpt":0.2440666618758491,"spread":0.2289558762968791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002318551,0.0001096896,0.0002879196,0.0001408775,0.00007684388,0.00001102749,0.0000371168,0.00001690402,0.00002826715],"category_scores_gemma":[2.905473e-7,0.000100175,0.0000575851,0.0001937924,0.00003136385,0.00008610257,8.973504e-7,0.00006232183,7.641398e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002189618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001519773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005784722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001545995,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991159,0.00002221774,0.0003965471,0.0001443457,0.0001501684,0.000170817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995602,0.00006578824,0.0001259331,0.0001358385,0.00003500098,0.00007719518],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001078384,0.01134747,0.3333341,0.001740568,0.02720235,0.000001315361,0.1477065,0.2785245,0.08195559,0.009042836,0.00006446999,0.1080019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01182171,0.002507837,0.1616645,0.0007466873,0.008572432,0.000009407738,0.02033649,0.3844583,0.3988759,0.0002941597,0.007783989,0.002928598],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.683054,0.00003671633,0.3162645,0.000002062543,0.00007111585,0.0001440347,0.00003278992,0.000007037997,0.0003877948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996331,8.1294e-7,0.0002818597,0.000002195963,0.000004154691,0.00003224827,0.000008510476,0.000006870257,0.00003019718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3169203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4085017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133673562","doi":"10.1109/temc.2005.853163","title":"Lightning Induced Disturbances in Buried Cables—Part II: Experiment and Model Validation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Lightning detection; Shield; Lightning strike; Power cable; Time domain; Conductor; Engineering; Frequency domain; Electrical conductor; Geology; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Meteorology; Ground; Physics; Computer science; Geometry; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Mario Paolone","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Petrache","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farhad Rachidi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlo Alberto Nucci","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vladimir A. Rakov","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. A. Uman","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. M. Jordan","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. J. Rambo","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Jerauld","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Nyffeler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Schoene","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01526563966466766,"gpt":0.2460318629823137,"spread":0.230766223317646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000222963,0.0002886041,0.0003291798,0.0001324494,0.0003480632,0.00005679672,0.000144486,0.00005605596,0.0002722505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001811277,0.0002872394,0.00007132461,0.0002773417,0.00006385139,0.0001914609,0.000003762477,0.0003612744,0.00000840717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001524693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008983074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003970002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008813199,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981326,0.00009982432,0.0004585266,0.0005759718,0.0002344656,0.0004985593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992836,0.00007746893,0.00009011936,0.0003780622,0.00004187748,0.0001288929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006929758,0.007931743,0.004114507,0.00008373591,0.0002367134,0.000002124995,0.01536335,0.09176432,0.6979417,0.003609115,0.000578133,0.1776816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003056672,0.002616124,0.003864265,0.00008316132,0.00009941001,0.000003209579,0.0002737564,0.2303671,0.7518985,0.006528782,0.0002667253,0.000942271],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860689,0.00009569833,0.01032717,0.0004229896,0.00009024161,0.0003879017,0.00001219761,0.00007417735,0.002520703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978815,0.000005924882,0.001282875,0.00004094269,0.00011113,0.0001515571,0.000009826153,0.00002091193,0.0004953011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1767393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062968690","doi":"10.1029/2003jd003398","title":"Application of the antenna theory model to a tall tower struck by lightning","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Tower; Antenna (radio); Waveform; Physics; Electrical engineering; Lightning strike; Current source; Current (fluid); Voltage; Acoustics; Geometry; Geology; Mechanics; Meteorology; Engineering; Mathematics; Structural engineering; Thunderstorm","authors":[{"name":"Behzad Kordi","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Moini","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. Janischewskyj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali M. Hussein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vladimir A. Rakov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01419698527434324,"gpt":0.2903698627216616,"spread":0.2761728774473183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082674,0.0001220088,0.0002488205,0.00001539244,0.0001573766,0.00004753044,0.0005017732,0.00003023157,0.0001113108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000130496,0.00007586928,0.0001638121,0.0004286799,0.0001223567,0.0001118948,0.00008914938,0.0005177833,0.00001358261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004402197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002127189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009435304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001159391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980881,0.0002526899,0.0003485471,0.0001632605,0.0007248223,0.0004225557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985924,0.0002933727,0.0001886405,0.000302976,0.0004256687,0.0001969583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003509355,0.00102251,0.008528546,0.00002484462,0.0002658904,0.000001539558,0.001448588,0.001498688,0.6584379,0.2908716,0.0167998,0.02074913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001615553,0.001987865,0.005576593,0.0002068721,0.00007782495,0.000005754236,0.00182282,0.01494595,0.130638,0.8302345,0.01244343,0.0004448352],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9646727,0.0001541159,0.02411454,0.0003832914,0.00004369516,0.0001826985,0.000007307393,0.000003924486,0.01043765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995729,0.000003137777,0.001649979,0.00003445515,0.0001648148,0.00001161644,5.884143e-7,0.00001649773,0.002389879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5393628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3093859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115551908","doi":"10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2751:ticgcc>2.0.co;2","title":"The Ice Crystal–Graupel Collision Charging Mechanism of Thunderstorm Electrification","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Graupel; Relative humidity; Relative velocity; Thunderstorm; Ice crystals; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Electrification; Saturation (graph theory); Humidity; Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Peter Berdeklis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roland List","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01059026024556155,"gpt":0.2276163245013748,"spread":0.2170260642558133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009461581,0.00007550209,0.0001216101,0.000005192268,0.0006082229,0.00007724971,0.0006754812,0.00001383834,0.00002654155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002470397,0.00003627257,0.0001038962,0.0006244084,0.0001476771,0.0001622918,0.00002409633,0.0001229333,0.000001642678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003516144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001520249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005686828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001546649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989358,0.00006801474,0.000289782,0.00008700732,0.0004101753,0.0002092466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989937,0.0001417657,0.0005705708,0.0001510697,0.0001043066,0.00003857234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002094336,0.0005106485,0.03058633,0.00001560691,0.0003018421,0.000002114271,0.005526212,0.007936567,0.5641698,0.3502092,0.005641219,0.03489098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026441,0.003518845,0.0262371,0.0004079901,0.0003642128,0.0001716065,0.02356538,0.07334248,0.1839136,0.6526036,0.03234497,0.0008860576],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.987743,0.0004173462,0.00265017,0.002131258,0.0003969017,0.00007260087,2.87647e-7,0.000003724716,0.00658473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983258,0.00006115775,0.0007708278,0.00003930018,0.0001871265,0.000001309375,5.923331e-8,0.000004029223,0.0006103543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3802562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.467802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159736203","doi":"10.1109/tadvp.2005.862656","title":"Simulation of Coupled Interconnects Using Waveform Relaxation and Transverse Partitioning","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Waveform; Interconnection; Transverse plane; Computational complexity theory; Electronic engineering; Reduction (mathematics); Limiting; Relaxation (psychology); Electronic circuit; Computer science; Integrated circuit; Circuit complexity; Algorithm; Parallel computing; Engineering; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Natalie Nakhla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Albert E. Ruehli","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Nakhla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ramachandra Achar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00926435589854041,"gpt":0.2390237802156078,"spread":0.2297594243170674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005950129,0.0001154354,0.0001358575,0.00009718523,0.0001747958,0.00001869939,0.00002956232,0.00002207978,0.00005649937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001002458,0.0001201473,0.00004952105,0.0001480168,0.00003489446,0.0002534953,4.155382e-7,0.0001099508,0.000002140996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003721833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001495604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001373533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001084873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993263,0.00001901594,0.0002201553,0.0001682617,0.00009430668,0.0001719795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996265,0.00009405847,0.0001021268,0.0001014419,0.00004276314,0.00003313732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000318063,0.00006644219,0.0002160916,0.00001363194,0.00001840424,2.341033e-7,0.0003648489,0.9112328,0.0766564,0.000491369,4.006307e-7,0.01090752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001226332,0.0001258904,0.0003330775,0.0001617467,0.00006500948,0.000001030158,0.0004589582,0.8510221,0.1420298,0.004334941,0.00002583229,0.0002152958],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5016083,0.000007527252,0.4978013,0.00001348489,0.00005209566,0.000067359,0.000005380052,0.00002137607,0.000423146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974461,0.000001096455,0.002389664,0.000007869224,0.00004183494,0.000009046718,0.000008122811,0.00001575721,0.00008052524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4958378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4899465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297810866","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0092.1","title":"Global Climate","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; York University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Meteorology; Environmental science; Atmosphere (unit); Atmospheric sciences; Evening; Climatology; Geology; Geography; Physics; Astronomy","authors":[{"name":"Robert Dunn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Freya Aldred","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nadine Gobron","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. B. Miller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kate M. Willett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melanie Ades","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert E. Adler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard P. Allan","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Orlane Anneville","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yasuyuki Aono","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony Argüez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlo Arosio","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Augustine","is_ca":false},{"name":"César Azorín-Molina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan Barichivich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aman Basu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hylke E. Beck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolas Bellouin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angela Benedetti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin Blagrave","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephen Blenkinsop","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Bock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xavier Bodín","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael G. Bosilovich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oliviér Boucher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerald Bové","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dennis E. Buechler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan A. Buehler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Carrea","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kai‐Lan Chang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hanne H. Christiansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Christy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eui‐Seok Chung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura M. Ciasto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melanie Coldewey‐Egbers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Owen R. Cooper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Cornes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Curt Covey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Cropper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Molly Crotwell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diego Cusicanqui","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sean Davis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard de Jeu","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. A. Degenstein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Reynald Delaloye","is_ca":false},{"name":"Markus G. Donat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wouter Dorigo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Imke Durre","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. S. Dutton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grégory Duveiller","is_ca":false},{"name":"James W. Elkins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas W. Estilow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nava Fedaeff","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Fereday","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vitali Fioletov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Johannes Flemming","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Foster","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. M. Frith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucien Froidevaux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Füllekrug","is_ca":false},{"name":"Judith Garforth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jay Garg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Gentry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven M. Goodman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiqi Gou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nikolay Granin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mauro Guglielmin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sebastian Hahn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leopold Haimberger","is_ca":false},{"name":"B. D. Hall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian Harris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Debbie Hemming","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Hirschi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shu-pen Ho","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. H. Holzworth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Filip Hrbáček","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daan Hubert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petra Hulsman","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. F. Hurst","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antje Inness","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ketil Isaksen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Viju O. John","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. D. Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Junod","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Kääb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes W. Kaiser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Viktor Kaufmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Kellerer‐Pirklbauer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth C. Kent","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Kidd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hyungiun Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zak Kipling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akash Koppa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Henning L'Abée‐Lund","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xin Lan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathleen Lantz","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Lavers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norman G. Loeb","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diego Loyola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rémi Madelon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hilmar J. Malmquist","is_ca":false},{"name":"Włodzimierz Marszelewski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Mayer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew F. McCabe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim R. McVicar","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. A. Mears","is_ca":false},{"name":"Annette Menzel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher J. Merchant","is_ca":false},{"name":"Diego G. Miralles","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. A. Montzka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colin Morice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Leander Mösinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Mühle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julien P. Nicolas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeannette Noetzli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tiina Nõges","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ben Noll","is_ca":false},{"name":"John O’Keefe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy J. Osborn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Taejin Park","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cécile Pellet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maury S. Pelto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Perkins‐Kirkpatrick","is_ca":false},{"name":"Coda Phillips","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen Po–Chedley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lorenzo M. Polvani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wolfgang Preimesberger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colin Price","is_ca":false},{"name":"Merja Pulkkanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominik Rains","is_ca":false},{"name":"William J. Randel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel Rémy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucrezia Ricciardulli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew D. Richardson","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Robinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew Rodell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nemesio Rodríguez-Fernández","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen H. Rosenlof","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Roth","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexei Rozanov","is_ca":false},{"name":"This Rutishäuser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahira Sánchez-Lugo","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Sawaengphokhai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Verena Schenzinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert W. Schlegel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Udo Schneider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sapna Sharma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lei Shi","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. J. Simmons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carolina Siso","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sharon L. Smith","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian J. Soden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Viktoria Sofieva","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim H. Sparks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul W. Stackhouse","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan M. Stauffer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wolfgang Steinbrecht","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea K. Steiner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenton M. Stewart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pietro Stradiotti","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. A. Streletskiy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hagen Telg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen J. Thackeray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emmanuel Thibert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael A. Todt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daisuke Tokuda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kleareti Tourpali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mari R. Tye","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ronald van der A","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robin van der Schalie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gerard van der Schrier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mendy van der Vliet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guido R. van der Werf","is_ca":false},{"name":"A.J.H. van Vliet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Paul Vernier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isaac Vimont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katrina S. Virts","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sebastián Vivero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Holger Vömel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Russell S. Vose","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ray H. J. Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Markus Weber","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. N. Wiese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeanette D. Wild","is_ca":false},{"name":"Earle Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takmeng Wong","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Iestyn Woolway","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xungang Yin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ye Yuan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lin Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xinjia Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. R. Ziemke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Markus Ziese","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruxandra-Maria Zotta","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005520950468421859,"gpt":0.2154620658822091,"spread":0.2099411154137873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002946358,0.0001036168,0.0002259524,0.000002921543,0.0003704281,0.00000843768,0.0004715901,0.000008175061,0.002890959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007017521,0.00006739605,0.0003589522,0.0002642541,0.0003272269,0.000003391488,0.0005746179,0.0001745122,0.00001539923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003875667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000174236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003194523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.038436e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988945,0.0002006495,0.0001642744,0.0001938628,0.0002242731,0.0003224142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993935,0.00007212792,0.0002299555,0.0002444884,0.000015285,0.00004461058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002638838,0.001087708,0.5219241,0.00001331701,0.0005065557,0.000001232039,0.0004505863,0.001865529,0.003897632,0.1230943,0.3188416,0.02805363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001534588,0.003053958,0.349496,0.000006034202,0.0002396941,0.00001141614,0.004495845,0.000422984,0.0008640504,0.05333764,0.5857477,0.000790133],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737038,0.00004465795,0.00009022028,0.004645535,0.00007764019,0.00009242369,0.00007601449,0.0000298246,0.0212399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996026,0.000002698001,0.001730834,0.001889437,0.00007714135,0.00004043885,0.000003376238,0.000005655685,0.0002244255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2669061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763979987","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.10.017","title":"Damage response of composites coated with conducting materials subjected to emulated lightning strikes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Coating; Electrical conductor; Lightning strike; Epoxy; Composite number; Tin; Lightning (connector); Lightning arrester; Metallurgy","authors":[{"name":"P. S. M. Rajesh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frédéric Sirois","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Therriault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03374535383460562,"gpt":0.2625474590339198,"spread":0.2288021051993142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008855032,0.0002888794,0.0005863946,0.0001089026,0.0004748461,0.0005184024,0.0004413094,0.00005531184,0.0007268591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006340269,0.0002351879,0.00002729965,0.0001040979,0.00009579747,0.0002037746,0.000109862,0.00006327707,0.00004300254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000211062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008628872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005761456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.199566e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980336,0.0004999173,0.0004766086,0.0003516806,0.0001831221,0.0004550364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983852,0.0001925293,0.0005063101,0.0006426494,0.0001583481,0.0001149938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00250552,0.00006396491,0.00107976,0.00001949668,0.0001085033,0.000007550097,0.0008730852,0.00004713922,0.9947487,0.0003440826,0.0001579437,0.00004422439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001007404,0.0006846233,0.008937148,0.0001685389,0.00006695435,0.000002482821,0.0001462927,0.00000775725,0.9884373,0.0002008342,0.00003655869,0.0003040834],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972317,0.000006724617,0.001346807,0.0001081433,0.0002114227,0.0004926827,0.0001159106,0.00008403436,0.0004025761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950197,3.17665e-7,0.004347155,0.00001853664,0.0001634699,0.00003849409,0.00005774686,0.00005077698,0.0003037698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007857389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9590684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790651710","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2018.2796089","title":"Generalized Formulation of Earth-Return Impedance/Admittance and Surge Analysis on Underground Cables","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Admittance; Electrical impedance; Representation (politics); Maxwell's equations; Electromagnetic field; Engineering; Mathematical analysis; Electronic engineering; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Haoyan Xue","is_ca":true},{"name":"Akihiro Ametani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean Mahseredjian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ilhan Koçar","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009065070199529861,"gpt":0.2265877577109638,"spread":0.2175226875114339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008783291,0.0001492433,0.0002389783,0.000198126,0.0001811502,0.00003013021,0.00006628242,0.0000399215,0.0004603838],"category_scores_gemma":[5.267548e-7,0.0001381447,0.0001394133,0.000385535,0.0000638711,0.0001367505,9.619739e-7,0.000103032,0.00001390518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001655198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003248699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003318058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000869352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991199,0.00004021466,0.000221019,0.0002463587,0.000157777,0.0002146812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994406,0.00008119529,0.00009107924,0.0002341286,0.00008563391,0.00006736167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00649533,0.006989976,0.0705227,0.0002253399,0.02530138,0.00001632222,0.01903688,0.05518994,0.5867814,0.0759012,0.003908277,0.1496312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007229219,0.005432132,0.03873601,0.0002113994,0.003548337,0.000005711937,0.0009330428,0.06600854,0.8593339,0.01208437,0.004292218,0.002185061],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.870919,0.00004074798,0.1263582,0.00004434144,0.0001647561,0.00008036278,0.00004566415,0.00002266247,0.00232431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985025,0.00001686327,0.0003456516,0.00005227955,0.00005524695,0.000009964182,0.000008132291,0.00001329927,0.0009960601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2725525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5633377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2994704024","doi":"10.1029/2019jd030874","title":"Meteorological Imagery for the Geostationary Lightning Mapper","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geostationary orbit; Mesoscale meteorology; Lightning (connector); Meteorology; Footprint; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Convective storm detection; Thunderstorm; Storm; Satellite imagery; Satellite; Computer science; Geography; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Eric C. Bruning","is_ca":false},{"name":"Clemens E. Tillier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samantha Edgington","is_ca":true},{"name":"Scott D. Rudlosky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chad M. Gravelle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matt Foster","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristin M. Calhoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick A. Campbell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geoffrey T. Stano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher J. Schultz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tiffany C. Meyer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02470179334653179,"gpt":0.3136227839093212,"spread":0.2889209905627894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001092103,0.0001250282,0.0002690529,0.00001784785,0.0002615251,0.0001202859,0.0004625327,0.00003311869,0.000864496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001168479,0.00006898191,0.0002548292,0.0002396973,0.0001402845,0.0001956434,0.00009573916,0.0006526245,0.0001520691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003320777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001841053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008032806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.161574e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981215,0.0001661944,0.0003270518,0.0001729795,0.000669053,0.0005432177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959105,0.003053283,0.0001502827,0.0002152487,0.0005329253,0.0001377441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003489325,0.002260465,0.08749637,0.000143749,0.00222638,0.00004194888,0.001977602,0.001245817,0.1460262,0.3039028,0.2068261,0.2443633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005855061,0.01116083,0.2007272,0.0002247111,0.0002204032,0.00002988915,0.005973459,0.01315658,0.01278776,0.5159672,0.233032,0.0008648927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872878,0.0005613607,0.002106657,0.002535404,0.0002062529,0.0003150318,0.000006897188,0.000007820969,0.006972758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926199,0.00001323319,0.002315564,0.00006389615,0.001377647,0.00002495613,0.000002919316,0.00001744562,0.003564471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2434984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9465625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132581040","doi":"10.5194/amt-3-1143-2010","title":"A performance assessment of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) via comparison with the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric measurement techniques","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Strong; University of Otago","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Lightning detection; Environmental science; Local time; World wide; Ionosphere; Range (aeronautics); Longitude; Meteorology; Remote sensing; Computer science; Latitude; Physics; Geography; Geodesy; Materials science; Mathematics; Thunderstorm; Statistics","authors":[{"name":"D. Abreu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Deepak Chandan","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. H. Holzworth","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kimberly Strong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008610782609289915,"gpt":0.2169593684970431,"spread":0.2083485858877532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001184275,0.0002712844,0.0002750761,0.00001020976,0.001060583,0.00009964688,0.0004439002,0.00005847657,0.00006088589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006300652,0.0001633342,0.00007118965,0.0009729378,0.0001168591,0.0001331034,0.00005371034,0.0006685483,0.000002360457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002232937,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003887111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01301706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1116118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980042,0.0001245872,0.0003825342,0.0002914032,0.0006127744,0.0005845025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998533,0.0000548255,0.0004080541,0.0005769276,0.0003178112,0.0001094336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003645607,0.0001209035,0.88454,0.00004285436,0.0002688062,3.529956e-7,0.0004830726,0.009767157,0.01733657,0.003214006,0.006206684,0.07798316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009000061,0.001341283,0.6048785,0.001135094,0.0005821407,0.000007422959,0.0002331195,0.1083457,0.159531,0.002391864,0.1191085,0.00154537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7818167,0.0002373159,0.1369486,0.001853223,0.0008979021,0.002157159,0.000001192465,0.0003654814,0.0757225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820539,0.000001482229,0.01672753,0.0001375814,0.0005902103,0.0002433182,0.000003268271,0.00003518831,0.0002075507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2796615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021461315","doi":"10.1109/temc.2020.2986646","title":"Impact of Frequency-Dependent Soil Models on Grounding System Performance for Direct and Indirect Lightning Strikes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safe Engineering Services & Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Ground; Lightning (connector); Earthing system; Soil resistivity; Frequency domain; Lightning strike; Ground-penetrating radar; Frequency response; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Geology; Acoustics; Physics; Mathematics; Radar; Telecommunications; Power (physics); Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Moein Nazari","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Moini","is_ca":true},{"name":"Simon Fortin","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Dawalibi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farhad Rachidi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02188646170042885,"gpt":0.2389971819203849,"spread":0.217110720219956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002501564,0.0003554167,0.0005845544,0.0001199935,0.0003100972,0.00005343875,0.0001997708,0.00006008913,0.00005721977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003896829,0.0003155232,0.0002363177,0.0002977138,0.00007153028,0.0001596041,0.000002631796,0.000317495,0.000003605367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001847558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001414579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003956568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001041659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979792,0.0001188789,0.0004987482,0.000609552,0.000275245,0.0005184098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988778,0.0002959585,0.0001831244,0.0003428965,0.00009270637,0.0002074873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004549544,0.004456294,0.02691328,0.002184929,0.002529273,0.00000439523,0.01147413,0.1899326,0.5912106,0.00494928,0.0001781586,0.1616175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005753175,0.04128819,0.02740983,0.0004600775,0.0006763556,0.000009740138,0.0005044264,0.5135347,0.4056124,0.003167704,0.000005131604,0.001578224],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592977,0.00006401005,0.03656398,0.00004444405,0.00009458774,0.0006301149,0.0001315172,0.0001194209,0.00305422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992129,0.000006783419,0.0004837006,0.00001271451,0.00008822387,0.0001116914,0.00001009628,0.00003491816,0.00003895983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3236021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066078041","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2014.2378594","title":"MoM-SO: A Complete Method for Computing the Impedance of Cable Systems Including Skin, Proximity, and Ground Return Effects","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Electrical conductor; Electrical impedance; Engineering; Broadband; Skin effect; Power cable; Electronic engineering; Point (geometry); Ground; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Utkarsh R. Patel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Piero Triverio","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01284045621315092,"gpt":0.2496212234730398,"spread":0.2367807672598889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004640165,0.0001674332,0.0002845791,0.00005860138,0.0004867164,0.00007961742,0.0001418925,0.00003641021,0.000006110408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002642439,0.000129555,0.0001008946,0.000121962,0.00006607707,0.00009877605,0.000004370017,0.0001870467,0.000001886284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002710968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002897546,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007616436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005495783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989325,0.0001555602,0.0002424758,0.0002528145,0.0001355008,0.0002811589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985699,0.0009307602,0.000131867,0.0002318455,0.00008048508,0.00005515436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001238438,0.002384789,0.001486624,0.003492139,0.004113588,0.00000395808,0.03570099,0.1233104,0.3978258,0.05190744,0.003882966,0.3746529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003737571,0.002111457,0.0007696198,0.0006007723,0.0005241169,0.000021114,0.001148252,0.9214005,0.05914912,0.005207835,0.004480853,0.0008488052],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2814921,0.00009691078,0.7171376,0.00005658354,0.0003040779,0.0003840025,0.0000235015,0.00002321237,0.0004820901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961419,0.000002975995,0.003477835,0.00005755149,0.00008667133,0.0000553865,0.00000236516,0.0000218988,0.0001534477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7980901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5283101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2405529222","doi":"10.1175/mwr-d-16-0051.1","title":"Seasonal, Monthly, and Weekly Distributions of NLDN and GLD360 Cloud-to-Ground Lightning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Weather Review","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","keywords":"Lightning detection; Lightning (connector); Thunderstorm; Environmental science; Upper-atmospheric lightning; Meteorology; Climatology; Geography; Lightning strike; Geology; Power (physics)","authors":[{"name":"Ronald L. Holle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth L. Cummins","is_ca":false},{"name":"William A. Brooks","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00964632102136418,"gpt":0.2342884550844455,"spread":0.2246421340630814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002246801,0.0002049149,0.000433104,0.00002881886,0.0001119757,0.00003003117,0.0001291527,0.00002673654,0.0001879985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001767498,0.0001342433,0.00008161208,0.0001265412,0.00007543938,0.00009795618,0.00009118654,0.00007363976,0.0000289956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002074263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002796544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008498596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003601777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988801,0.00006461673,0.0003033304,0.0003125527,0.0001362098,0.0003031616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992694,0.00008451128,0.0001150259,0.0002913841,0.00005420522,0.0001855149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006418021,0.0005479007,0.0540125,0.001702028,0.0006507852,0.000007529374,0.001302815,0.000002057002,0.01055034,0.122071,0.04039682,0.768692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002104135,0.00100459,0.03067275,0.0122313,0.0008157943,0.000006534337,0.0001268426,0.0000955203,0.001657587,0.03318052,0.9168041,0.00130035],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6948732,0.2471626,0.001431069,0.01176634,0.0001635785,0.001103415,0.0006168915,0.00008612205,0.04279686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938527,0.00241563,0.000479147,0.0001809547,0.0002113923,0.00008857524,0.00002122744,0.00002867644,0.002721713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8764073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5474281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140442243","doi":"10.1016/s0378-7796(02)00214-6","title":"A new expression for the ground transient resistance matrix elements of multiconductor overhead transmission lines","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electric Power Systems Research","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Singularity; Transient (computer programming); Transmission line; Impedance parameters; Mathematical analysis; Frequency domain; Electrical impedance; Electric power transmission; Matrix (chemical analysis); Mathematics; Time domain; Transient response; Physics; Engineering; Computer science; Telecommunications; Materials science; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Farhad Rachidi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sergey Loyka","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carlo Alberto Nucci","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Ianoz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03323748761952825,"gpt":0.33640210680369,"spread":0.3031646191841617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001420048,0.0001847583,0.0002905456,0.0001677919,0.0003651227,0.00008677407,0.000367407,0.00005726559,0.0001559909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004332325,0.0001209297,0.0001252528,0.0006550193,0.00003442664,0.00009424408,0.0000141295,0.0003044272,0.000008334951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006967905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003609362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002895101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002436616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973011,0.0003586213,0.0004981558,0.0003577628,0.0007180271,0.0007663103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984159,0.00063109,0.0001193146,0.0004196792,0.0002509788,0.0001630133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004940671,0.0004036355,0.00046626,0.0002575161,0.000208447,0.00000124004,0.002784937,0.00004930992,0.9173021,0.0245315,0.04882917,0.004671815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005863999,0.001497134,0.0005864967,0.0005489195,0.00008105282,0.000003853991,0.001731484,0.002390181,0.3259225,0.004156853,0.6565912,0.0006263346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5461801,0.04903694,0.3656342,0.0008674,0.00138708,0.009787191,0.00007028611,0.0001067729,0.02693011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783971,0.0000328503,0.0009609357,0.000002952145,0.0001510408,0.0002573657,0.000005913239,0.0000315001,0.02016033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.607762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4931369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080012168","doi":"10.1002/we.233","title":"Transients in collection grids of large offshore wind parks","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wind Energy","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Offshore wind power; Transient (computer programming); Marine engineering; Engineering; Wind power; Submarine pipeline; Circuit breaker; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Geography; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Lars Liljestrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Sannino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henrik Breder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stefan Thorburn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004070080701773062,"gpt":0.2127103474501835,"spread":0.2086402667484104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001597511,0.00009255324,0.0001455519,0.00009866305,0.00004431263,0.00000654006,0.00007383187,0.00003888551,0.0001751146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001190436,0.00008933624,0.00004666848,0.0002972895,0.00001852597,0.00004341493,0.00001036196,0.00007789133,0.000002446317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002206677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002936167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006868054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008402398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999216,0.00002059068,0.0002068737,0.0001436731,0.0001083652,0.0003045441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997495,0.00002127236,0.00004568331,0.0001097442,0.00002100487,0.00005277634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009353452,0.004618356,0.5701446,0.000084491,0.0005378462,0.00003018488,0.01998921,0.004489497,0.08959907,0.1863187,0.01310661,0.110146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01125151,0.001876286,0.5552676,0.0001988946,0.0001207313,0.000006282476,0.003146073,0.002948422,0.2241607,0.02210014,0.1775121,0.001411272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9495188,0.00004668218,0.001306948,0.00003762282,0.0001199859,0.00002973217,0.000006175141,0.000008972171,0.04892509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984587,0.000001808634,0.00005791365,0.0000361314,0.0001908316,0.000001618501,0.00002965695,0.0000102782,0.001213006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1644055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3643026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098314841","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2007.905550","title":"Real-Time Sag Monitoring System for High-Voltage Overhead Transmission Lines Based on Power-Line Carrier Signal Behavior","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Electric power transmission; Overhead (engineering); Engineering; Overhead line; Transmission line; Voltage sag; Power-line communication; Electronic engineering; SIGNAL (programming language); Voltage; Electrical engineering; Line (geometry); Electric power system; Electrical conductor; Amplitude; Power (physics); Conductor; Computer science; Physics; Materials science; Optics; Power quality","authors":[{"name":"Wernich de Villiers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Hendrik Cloete","is_ca":false},{"name":"L.M. Wedepohl","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. F. Burger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01143724734678381,"gpt":0.2251155297899532,"spread":0.2136782824431694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001115352,0.0003891294,0.0003903187,0.0001969206,0.0005807642,0.00004008095,0.0001836364,0.0001201418,0.0004938591],"category_scores_gemma":[4.750136e-7,0.0003648298,0.000311096,0.0001997133,0.0000530867,0.0001525378,0.00000104504,0.0003004684,0.00005753107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001399451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001457713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000251749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.349867e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981418,0.00005389253,0.0004138543,0.0005100658,0.0003627173,0.0005176645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998989,0.0001824122,0.0001010448,0.0003734398,0.0001263709,0.0002277244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002107408,0.003111577,0.0006111142,0.0001155536,0.0003588641,0.00006628183,0.001584109,0.03588722,0.9387321,0.0001387919,0.00120069,0.01608626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005677252,0.00524031,0.001495981,0.0005673385,0.0005325579,0.0000134391,0.0003205915,0.01089944,0.9728538,0.00004517839,0.001068872,0.001285285],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7480465,0.00002159683,0.2489714,0.00004216485,0.0007297682,0.0004864394,0.0004095662,0.0001951289,0.001097537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966494,0.000008082554,0.0009297464,0.00002034404,0.0002193441,0.000236676,0.00003458305,0.00007775251,0.001824073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.248603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2331483747","doi":"10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2309004","title":"Optimal Placement of GIC Blocking Devices for Geomagnetic Disturbance Mitigation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro One (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geomagnetically induced current; AC power; Electric power system; Transformer; Control theory (sociology); Geomagnetic storm; Electromagnetic coil; Voltage; Engineering; Voltage optimisation; Electrical engineering; Electric power transmission; Current transformer; Computer science; Earth's magnetic field; Power (physics); Physics; Magnetic field","authors":[{"name":"Amir H. Etemadi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Afshin Rezaei‐Zare","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006121095335452574,"gpt":0.2140200837310441,"spread":0.2078989883955915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001477085,0.0001422519,0.0002070797,0.00006188004,0.0001383138,0.00003822366,0.0001078017,0.00003018143,0.00005543062],"category_scores_gemma":[7.26938e-7,0.0001316849,0.00009528141,0.00009333538,0.00002887132,0.0000607345,5.692365e-7,0.00007596194,0.00001147494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002459546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002055011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006603217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002006368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990729,0.00004270713,0.0002907063,0.0002142005,0.0001518242,0.0002276729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994406,0.0001035607,0.0001335659,0.000203042,0.00006388084,0.0000553929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006735502,0.002971717,0.003850286,0.00142334,0.00153248,9.46172e-7,0.00846435,0.8194707,0.1089847,0.0372333,0.002981998,0.01241257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0167887,0.01702668,0.00486036,0.002588207,0.001541754,0.0000207922,0.006318888,0.42384,0.4362013,0.001862544,0.08488077,0.004069997],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3660078,0.00005124157,0.6311932,0.00003432484,0.0005482363,0.0002796231,0.00003390146,0.00002480135,0.001826866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981739,4.974838e-7,0.0004580604,0.00001187667,0.00005363611,0.0001887817,0.00000747816,0.00001807565,0.001087694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6321661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5369956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003242928","doi":"10.1007/s11214-008-9349-9","title":"Updated Review of Planetary Atmospheric Electricity","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Space Science Reviews","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement","funders":"","keywords":"Uranus; Astrobiology; Planetary science; Mars Exploration Program; Titan (rocket family); Planet; Venus; Neptune; Spacecraft; Terrestrial planet; Astronomy; Environmental science; Geology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Yoav Yair","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Fischer","is_ca":false},{"name":"F. Simões","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. Rennó","is_ca":false},{"name":"P. Zarka","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01282479951839965,"gpt":0.2458648555839313,"spread":0.2330400560655316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007384437,0.0001400426,0.0004376046,0.00001767573,0.0001783188,0.000008059144,0.0003971474,0.00001116842,0.0007729481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003121247,0.0001022634,0.00009554641,0.001522242,0.0002635587,0.0001523763,0.00004226336,0.0001182015,0.0001721345],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002370237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002351929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009910754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.557662e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986582,0.00006331642,0.0003401769,0.0002805727,0.0002789443,0.0003788187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991795,0.00001378553,0.0002347522,0.0003828393,0.00007269106,0.0001163687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002579915,0.0008388492,0.08155996,0.005280972,0.0001060007,0.00001259625,0.001047114,0.00002348449,0.09385358,0.0284147,0.4484103,0.3404267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003740918,0.0004267807,0.006864797,0.003306445,0.0001024082,0.000032174,0.00002145681,0.0003969494,0.01160458,0.001081825,0.9751152,0.0006733378],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2440614,0.5110997,0.001647461,0.00162566,0.0004401379,0.00187159,0.00001605902,0.0001031365,0.2391349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7404342,0.2318357,0.01964321,0.001301494,0.0003880078,0.00007645579,0.00006684261,0.00003257373,0.006221555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5267049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8463239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106520128","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2005.855431","title":"Finite-Difference Analysis of Dispersive Transmission Lines Within a Circuit Simulator","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Finite-difference time-domain method; Transmission line; Electric power transmission; Resistive touchscreen; Electronic engineering; Time domain; Electronic circuit simulation; Network analysis; Equivalent circuit; Line (geometry); Computer science; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Voltage; Electronic circuit; Physics; Mathematics; Optics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Behzad Kordi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe LoVetri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Greg E. Bridges","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01058515241564767,"gpt":0.2220759443212404,"spread":0.2114907919055928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006240897,0.0001918928,0.0003210972,0.0003130621,0.000127383,0.0000207785,0.000153747,0.00005139882,0.001072303],"category_scores_gemma":[7.864716e-7,0.0001704154,0.0003225157,0.0006153893,0.00005369767,0.000100206,7.871238e-7,0.0001978492,0.0000296261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003076822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005294543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001028257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000960076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989112,0.00003979675,0.0003237801,0.00028419,0.0002098597,0.0002312013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992777,0.0001616704,0.0000979964,0.0002653469,0.00008316364,0.0001141206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002015419,0.001361474,0.0009308688,0.00001627979,0.002643635,0.000001753658,0.007599628,0.8996366,0.04801235,0.0004824311,0.00007708641,0.03903639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003143235,0.001470435,0.004014827,0.0001920376,0.005884374,0.000001376033,0.0014154,0.6813194,0.2984985,0.0009672968,0.001641344,0.00145182],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5672971,0.00003738473,0.431444,0.00005876963,0.00007750991,0.00007188552,0.00007581418,0.00002627263,0.0009112647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984669,0.00000786042,0.000291047,0.00006837964,0.00003720699,0.00001236345,0.00001141001,0.0000151553,0.001089661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4311698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998409,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112295856","doi":"10.1029/2020jd033526","title":"Evolution of Global Lightning in the Transition From Cold to Warm Phase Preceding Two Super El Niño Events","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; European Cooperation in Science and Technology; Grainger Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Climatology; Intensity (physics); Geology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Earle Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tamás Bozóki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriella Sátori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colin Price","is_ca":false},{"name":"Péter Steinbach","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anirban Guha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yakun Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ciarán Beggan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mariusz Neska","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Boldi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Atkinson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02673336163870179,"gpt":0.344085113662594,"spread":0.3173517520238922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005385408,0.0001246973,0.0002962406,0.00001096224,0.0001560395,0.00007839339,0.000427614,0.00002705976,0.0000820145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008112087,0.00008815074,0.0001439319,0.0007182119,0.00005074242,0.0002139117,0.00005305405,0.0005327917,0.00002089851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001378799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001993954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002091293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002177171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977705,0.0003248633,0.0004197918,0.0001830893,0.0008912875,0.000410496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989811,0.0003046798,0.0001141214,0.0001272855,0.0002448025,0.0002280048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004619454,0.004826407,0.07916637,0.00008295471,0.0005493935,0.00005883733,0.01788872,0.003321021,0.8079966,0.04453911,0.00961662,0.02733455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.040767,0.03809878,0.2431721,0.002441642,0.0005174323,0.00001371305,0.04179644,0.04191905,0.1490243,0.4336449,0.006768866,0.001835749],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992908,0.0001243284,0.003038965,0.002486926,0.00005263296,0.0001931098,0.00002435348,0.000004280078,0.001167404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980803,0.000002463578,0.000614587,0.00004889263,0.001219265,0.000009133197,0.000003139353,0.000009703826,0.00001249253],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6589723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3594683,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3152047122","doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2012.2222915","title":"Macromodeling of Distributed Networks From Frequency-Domain Data Using the Loewner Matrix Approach","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Frequency domain; Computer science; Transmission line; Distributed element model; Domain (mathematical analysis); Matrix (chemical analysis); Time domain; Electronic engineering; Transmission (telecommunications); Topology (electrical circuits); Algorithm; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Muhammad Kabir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Roni Khazaka","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02026009285954168,"gpt":0.2640424149530878,"spread":0.2437823220935462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006436917,0.000176301,0.0001956677,0.0000419242,0.0002768666,0.00003144741,0.0002846053,0.00006322312,0.00006297768],"category_scores_gemma":[7.919873e-7,0.0001259625,0.0000594526,0.0001270392,0.0001519682,0.0001755029,0.000008810977,0.0002928254,8.497385e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000161718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001553716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001824094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001218111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989653,0.0002132351,0.000232029,0.0002252106,0.00007850221,0.0002856743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991302,0.0001561081,0.0000945873,0.0005372426,0.00002284351,0.0000589653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000253016,0.0008246661,0.0003843818,0.00002804334,0.0005576223,5.95858e-7,0.002092048,0.0008167755,0.8790888,0.07776728,0.000119699,0.03806709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003948445,0.0001038523,0.00001551275,0.00009282724,0.0004013906,0.00001164511,0.001435803,0.003647199,0.8273681,0.1658443,0.0002021878,0.0004823765],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2614256,0.0003033777,0.7369705,0.00001356278,0.00004934319,0.0001404265,0.0003472909,0.00004599975,0.0007038348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9652656,0.00001792812,0.03435441,0.00001973439,0.0001685319,0.00001659508,0.0001116351,0.00002157554,0.00002395126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5136601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117135540","doi":"10.1109/61.871353","title":"Transmission line arrester energy, cost, and risk of failure analysis for partially shielded transmission lines","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro One (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Surge arrester; Shielded cable; Lightning (connector); Lightning arrester; Electric power transmission; Engineering; Transmission line; Electrical engineering; Electromagnetic shielding; Line (geometry); Reliability engineering; Electrical conductor; Power (physics); Physics","authors":[{"name":"E. Tarasiewicz","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Rimmer","is_ca":true},{"name":"A.S. Morched","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007553964988972862,"gpt":0.2162430626725727,"spread":0.2086890976835998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001036637,0.0002193475,0.0003376161,0.000172753,0.0001964232,0.00002983408,0.0001027768,0.00008374958,0.001418246],"category_scores_gemma":[2.87119e-7,0.0001849226,0.0003346377,0.0003168683,0.00005197295,0.0001193784,4.279849e-7,0.0001592103,0.000003228917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009733527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000366731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002423603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000305263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988362,0.00006570214,0.0003457274,0.0003304423,0.0001509841,0.0002709846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993683,0.0001284359,0.00007424914,0.0002127635,0.00006282057,0.0001534716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001560475,0.001164312,0.00101583,0.00004271382,0.00266573,0.000001595987,0.001789648,0.06623093,0.02250799,0.00009827053,0.0004412889,0.9024812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0111649,0.00481671,0.002704464,0.0003694437,0.01214856,0.000005138013,0.0005068901,0.130507,0.7143697,0.003301233,0.1179192,0.002186751],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3547158,0.0001066827,0.644389,0.0001682086,0.00004088983,0.000144433,0.0001261197,0.00002640257,0.0002824363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963092,0.0002876597,0.00180957,0.00004166028,0.00005132788,0.00005716854,0.00002778314,0.00002232264,0.00139333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9002945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164182705","doi":"10.1109/15.974627","title":"A SPICE model for incident field coupling to lossy multiconductor transmission lines","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","keywords":"Spice; Matrix exponential; Lossy compression; Ordinary differential equation; Electric power transmission; Telegrapher's equations; Coupling (piping); Time domain; Electronic engineering; Field (mathematics); Matrix (chemical analysis); Transient (computer programming); Electromagnetic field; Exponential function; Mathematical analysis; Differential equation; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Ihsan Erdin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anestis Dounavis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ramachandra Achar","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Nakhla","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02175770853112755,"gpt":0.2775544821262783,"spread":0.2557967735951507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000216956,0.0003355607,0.0003778109,0.0001335531,0.0003683197,0.00006309021,0.0002754485,0.00007212898,0.0004457775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006919522,0.0003234029,0.0002216542,0.0003235743,0.00003478044,0.0001011487,0.000002143901,0.0003285821,0.00002489269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009440236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001248088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000398203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007805305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979333,0.00003532302,0.0004888017,0.000642513,0.0002502275,0.000649853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986491,0.0003192005,0.00007675801,0.0005177006,0.0001523931,0.000284893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001927724,0.003848344,0.001283349,0.0001271387,0.0002008748,0.000002582836,0.003834277,0.2599162,0.570366,0.0003870582,0.000635859,0.1574706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001450053,0.002772375,0.0004732532,0.00004675188,0.0001217103,0.000003092564,0.0000704421,0.865591,0.1253973,0.00330977,0.0002676667,0.0004966107],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5228001,0.00001771296,0.4758272,0.0004068586,0.0000944678,0.0005618925,0.00001841326,0.00006941522,0.0002038236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891791,0.000005424776,0.009069974,0.0002233504,0.0001391426,0.0002093759,0.00001021212,0.00003691145,0.001126478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6056747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2402483573","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2015.2453335","title":"Accurate Frequency Dependent CableModel for Electromagnetic Transients","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Representation (politics); Modal; Modal analysis; Frequency domain; Transmission line; Matrix (chemical analysis); Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Applied mathematics; Acoustics; Mathematical analysis; Vibration; Mathematics; Physics; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Ilhan Koçar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean Mahseredjian","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0189875680310843,"gpt":0.2362085273037289,"spread":0.2172209592726446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001361668,0.0002606263,0.0002305016,0.0001266237,0.0001960355,0.00006344633,0.0002165229,0.00006037259,0.0003106986],"category_scores_gemma":[9.560425e-7,0.0002553193,0.0001678213,0.0001748821,0.00003602989,0.0002150999,8.294171e-7,0.0002320444,0.0001238673],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009334107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001930075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002209306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001305173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984652,0.00004394174,0.0002862352,0.0003929798,0.0002559352,0.0005556479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991706,0.00005979426,0.00006187829,0.0003054264,0.0001535788,0.0002486946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00622175,0.01814967,0.001132454,0.0002909952,0.005410412,0.00007812458,0.03024493,0.2269776,0.4967794,0.02358743,0.05461242,0.1365149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.05191327,0.03402616,0.0007962052,0.0004004185,0.003029286,0.000106247,0.004773205,0.08879533,0.6307557,0.1605093,0.01577308,0.009121801],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3918736,0.00007738168,0.5980347,0.0001480334,0.0006230348,0.0003807539,0.0001396595,0.00008732198,0.008635426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952489,0.000005107429,0.001645499,0.0001377406,0.00006922904,0.0001497519,0.00001619815,0.00004247516,0.00268507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6033753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2180380942","doi":"10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2227845","title":"A Type-4 Wind Power Plant Equivalent Model for the Analysis of Electromagnetic Transients in Power Systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Wind power; Control theory (sociology); Induction generator; Equivalent circuit; Turbine; Electric power system; Component (thermodynamics); Frequency response; Power (physics); Engineering; Range (aeronautics); Control engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Physics; Control (management); Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Dalia Hussein","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mahmoud Matar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Reza Iravani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01785104695861933,"gpt":0.2435580083985324,"spread":0.2257069614399131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004507703,0.0002932247,0.0005716239,0.0003884094,0.000147955,0.000055728,0.0002708769,0.00008581626,0.0001174947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001310889,0.0002189387,0.0003221286,0.0008007817,0.00004736411,0.0001333678,0.000001476708,0.0002359575,0.000014932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009098124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007295383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003700479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001221798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978991,0.0001070825,0.0006211864,0.000316429,0.0003569296,0.0006993015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988766,0.0002068089,0.0001727647,0.0005102151,0.00009585433,0.0001377791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001078296,0.004393762,0.002971314,0.0002162328,0.009198782,0.000002066502,0.02754814,0.9060149,0.03386205,0.01275419,0.001767029,0.0001932166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005325901,0.003335992,0.005103382,0.0004212155,0.005981828,0.00001693426,0.0059935,0.9631045,0.004240406,0.0001264837,0.004493654,0.001856211],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4673307,0.0009410773,0.5263595,0.00005120404,0.001733221,0.001073521,0.0004441863,0.00003580211,0.002030829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982477,0.000006470215,0.00002932076,0.0000161824,0.00001800122,0.00018364,0.00001621271,0.00003865735,0.001443748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5309171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8928061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979732450","doi":"10.1007/bf01271288","title":"Vector fitting by pole relocation for the state equation approximation of nonrational transfer matrices","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Rational function; Mathematics; Computation; Transfer function; Mathematical analysis; Nonlinear system; Function (biology); Applied mathematics; Physics; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"A. Semlyen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bj�rn Gustavsen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01335288476385409,"gpt":0.2182727333077127,"spread":0.2049198485438586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002696328,0.00008282909,0.0001128869,0.00002335225,0.0002690417,0.0001190633,0.00005343679,0.0000199941,0.0000296215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001828531,0.00006209732,0.00002385692,0.0001011447,0.00002418946,0.0001928792,0.000001971708,0.00004620366,0.000001131977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001102142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004759942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001100109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.008477e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993117,0.00002717181,0.0002605818,0.000138341,0.0001299387,0.0001322327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996605,0.00009722047,0.00008684617,0.00004772275,0.00008330929,0.00002440095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003027432,0.00009945063,0.0009337196,0.0006168719,0.00007190515,3.772231e-8,0.006315845,0.0081202,0.073901,0.006375619,0.0001938512,0.9033412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001422775,0.0003084822,0.001190885,0.0004369159,0.0001413013,0.000003059154,0.001898797,0.9703908,0.01602606,0.005988943,0.001764563,0.0004274315],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5562757,0.002678172,0.4389758,0.00009292166,0.00003391967,0.0004629986,0.00003813737,0.0000195393,0.001422868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992649,0.000004759138,0.000045536,0.000007785623,0.0001750278,0.00007499493,0.00005439224,0.000009902747,0.0003627168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9622706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2532255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109069391","doi":"10.1109/mei.2010.5482551","title":"New challenges in lightning impulse flashover modeling of air gaps and insulators","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Kinectrics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Arc flash; Overvoltage; Electric power transmission; Electrical engineering; Overhead line; Electrical conductor; Lightning arrester; Engineering; Lightning (connector); Lightning strike; Thunder; Insulator (electricity); Voltage; Physics; Power (physics)","authors":[{"name":"William A. Chisholm","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01453187578417935,"gpt":0.2382842649122983,"spread":0.2237523891281189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001594731,0.00017282,0.0002632584,0.000217167,0.00004649684,0.0000171449,0.0001001801,0.00008146901,0.00006193248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001928378,0.0001635312,0.0000449088,0.0003954653,0.00002033509,0.0001644371,0.00002325557,0.0003834161,0.00001423388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001752575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006673412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009334896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001222116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988188,0.00003102596,0.0003718248,0.0002910194,0.0001736657,0.0003137112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994532,0.00007316659,0.00009893212,0.0001862191,0.00005762649,0.0001308139],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001524265,0.0004334075,0.07381694,0.00005117032,0.00009358836,0.000003419897,0.001700978,0.01009327,0.6345883,0.1168174,0.000219552,0.1620296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003830365,0.0005895547,0.1849955,0.00007810019,0.00006610496,0.000008561979,0.0000400433,0.6769247,0.02268652,0.1082266,0.001662894,0.0008910452],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890944,0.0004707267,0.003219643,0.0002488392,0.0001322154,0.0001189752,0.000001832315,0.00003226244,0.006681097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977846,0.00004196002,0.001554711,0.00001710333,0.0003680645,0.000006140029,0.000006812636,0.00002110967,0.0001995007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6668314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6668609,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066322307","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2003.817749","title":"Two-layer network equivalent for electromagnetic transients","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Admittance; Equivalent circuit; Electric power transmission; Admittance parameters; Electric power system; Transmission line; Frequency response; Control theory (sociology); Electronic engineering; Power (physics); Topology (electrical circuits); Engineering; Computer science; Physics; Electrical impedance; Electrical engineering; Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Mansour H. Abdel-Rahman","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. Semlyen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohammad Reza Iravani","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01269776043587377,"gpt":0.2358826435532309,"spread":0.2231848831173572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001492749,0.0002726149,0.0002413867,0.00008413095,0.0003309731,0.00005068601,0.0001512645,0.00004843192,0.001344283],"category_scores_gemma":[6.787827e-7,0.0002713018,0.0002611121,0.0002325654,0.00004037252,0.0001062785,4.94448e-7,0.0002357584,0.0001049464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005065202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008113434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002613845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003322755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983224,0.00007198031,0.0002816145,0.0004009398,0.000194722,0.0007283275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992981,0.0001121807,0.00005638575,0.0003081905,0.00007057773,0.0001545964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003670061,0.01218838,0.001984464,0.0002415263,0.005688782,0.00003439746,0.006618293,0.197464,0.4432758,0.1510839,0.06483505,0.1129153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03582118,0.02005432,0.001198881,0.000424149,0.002668213,0.00006230407,0.001153219,0.008875262,0.7189689,0.08384241,0.1200587,0.006872468],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4148436,0.0001460813,0.5596741,0.00008815678,0.001114023,0.0005183691,0.00005166816,0.00009462471,0.02346934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944431,0.000008098307,0.002158243,0.0002081765,0.0001085528,0.0001809767,0.000007032293,0.00004791781,0.002837956],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5795995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1953555520","doi":"10.1038/srep18681","title":"Direct observation of laser guided corona discharges","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National d'Optique","funders":"State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Laser; Corona (planetary geology); Corona discharge; Protein filament; Lightning (connector); Ionization; Voltage; Plasma; Electric field; Work (physics); Materials science; Laser-induced fluorescence; Atomic physics; Optics; Physics; Ion; Power (physics); Nuclear physics","authors":[{"name":"Tie-Jun Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yingxia Wei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yaoxiang Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Na Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liu Y","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jingjing Ju","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haiyi Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cheng Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Haihe Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiansheng Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"See Leang Chin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ruxin Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhizhan Xu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03200960466276117,"gpt":0.2539919068807829,"spread":0.2219823022180217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006592695,0.00008008209,0.0001361925,0.00004568556,0.0000798815,0.00006770088,0.00007689471,0.00001392787,0.0001489924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002716325,0.00006574016,0.00004832567,0.0002301906,0.00007716996,0.0001333418,0.00003300553,0.00003579105,0.00001867255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001525678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001245521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001206157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001733332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989185,0.00002336536,0.0003014638,0.0002878233,0.0002874737,0.0001813777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990944,0.00001212521,0.0002143562,0.0004127508,0.0001706831,0.00009573528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001225337,0.0003294222,0.5958875,0.00002033518,0.00007622668,0.00001675682,0.002044178,0.0003232886,0.07949329,0.003961135,0.3132879,0.004547695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000570064,0.0001564916,0.01988651,0.00005742159,0.00006964801,0.0000140255,0.0004617414,0.0003631948,0.6530613,0.1376746,0.1872118,0.0004731868],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9440666,0.00004523462,0.000120252,0.00009340984,0.002068117,0.00009140276,0.000003100447,0.0000260533,0.05348587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819651,1.083312e-7,0.0004743346,0.000006512282,0.0001082326,0.00001005045,0.00008766179,0.000007348523,0.01734067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.576001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2680806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019597874","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2007.899481","title":"Harmonic Resonance Mode Analysis Using Real Symmetrical Nodal Matrices","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Harmonic analysis; Modified nodal analysis; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Modal analysis; Resonance (particle physics); Decoupling (probability); Nodal analysis; Harmonic; Harmonics; Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematics; Control theory (sociology); NODAL; Electronic engineering; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Voltage; Engineering; Acoustics; Vibration; Control engineering; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yu Cui","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wilsun Xu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0117942792059419,"gpt":0.2553710331316646,"spread":0.2435767539257227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001730432,0.000198211,0.000261875,0.0005608387,0.000265111,0.00005216137,0.000168555,0.00006067139,0.0003556248],"category_scores_gemma":[4.861709e-7,0.0001947125,0.0002882782,0.001580829,0.00004418592,0.0001527613,0.000001673309,0.0002873533,0.00005484607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001124736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000551447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001350958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002187709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998552,0.00003567914,0.0003030855,0.0003573353,0.0002775275,0.0004743491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992946,0.000128463,0.00007851692,0.0002883676,0.00006672394,0.0001433245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004067174,0.01191584,0.0485441,0.0001023654,0.01764321,0.0002660849,0.01092483,0.2692848,0.1614046,0.009960039,0.003849378,0.4620377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01127399,0.004058491,0.06703217,0.000283232,0.01649538,0.0000515776,0.004104776,0.4233425,0.4509752,0.005056531,0.009511461,0.007814758],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5834655,0.0000938393,0.4122984,0.00001732038,0.0001630705,0.0000555135,0.00003860185,0.00004781377,0.003819994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974647,0.00002728471,0.001761609,0.00004404278,0.000082543,0.000005471549,0.00000533303,0.0000215942,0.0005873821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4542229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7940145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4241069658","doi":"10.1109/61.956764","title":"Influence of inductive coupling between leads on ground impedance measurements using the fall-of-potential method","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safe Engineering Services & Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Electrical impedance; Coupling (piping); Ground; Inductive coupling; Current (fluid); Acoustics; Inductance; Electrical engineering; Electronic engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Physics; Voltage; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Jianjun Ma","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Dawalibi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03336743722518801,"gpt":0.2847013582301153,"spread":0.2513339210049273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002385237,0.0001696101,0.000234827,0.00009803005,0.0002004496,0.0000171987,0.0001987136,0.00004550669,0.00003091027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001058817,0.0001385642,0.000128261,0.0002620804,0.00008588997,0.0001529057,0.00000216634,0.0002848024,0.000005591425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005402472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006827879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007654444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003169118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99883,0.00006546157,0.0003033236,0.0002314224,0.0003236545,0.0002461614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992487,0.0001196377,0.0001668776,0.0002671835,0.000150067,0.00004754217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002252527,0.0004349551,0.00516788,0.00001423864,0.0006127387,0.000001248567,0.001398064,0.6882104,0.2969189,0.0001366331,0.00001098694,0.006868661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003042397,0.002146859,0.02891308,0.0004798904,0.001164518,0.000008258173,0.001950532,0.01406132,0.9449496,0.002106928,0.000113329,0.001063239],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7027972,0.00001558112,0.2966386,0.00001804266,0.0001109509,0.0001095519,0.00001892608,0.00001038851,0.0002808069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989833,0.000004489138,0.0008423569,0.00002074847,0.0000594927,0.000008953823,0.000001267629,0.00001793389,0.00006141355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6741491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5650485,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122639090","doi":"10.1109/temc.2008.927922","title":"Evaluation of the Performance Characteristics of the North American Lightning Detection Network Based on Tall-Structure Lightning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Ellipse; Lightning detection; Lightning (connector); Tower; Approximation error; Statistics; Geodesy; Stroke (engine); Mathematics; Meteorology; Geometry; Environmental science; Physics; Geology; Structural engineering; Engineering; Power (physics)","authors":[{"name":"Alexandru Lafkovici","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali M. Hussein","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. Janischewskyj","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kenneth L. Cummins","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01004326507964609,"gpt":0.207909739237754,"spread":0.1978664741581079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004178027,0.0002635681,0.0003597634,0.00006495406,0.0006207481,0.00001214212,0.0003502809,0.00003769208,0.0001050579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001152298,0.0001790577,0.0002109155,0.000963465,0.000296996,0.00005274693,0.00000415738,0.0005316721,0.000001636512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001454919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002593315,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002025592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001759627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973962,0.0004864532,0.0005200824,0.0003570772,0.0008602084,0.0003799813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998174,0.0001649931,0.0004812231,0.0008114434,0.0003124331,0.00005595515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000483074,0.001587245,0.291302,0.00009518505,0.0002880458,2.243575e-7,0.001780232,0.4247729,0.1140871,0.00003333821,0.00004042503,0.1655302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005289027,0.001211914,0.6838292,0.00004973631,0.0002315056,0.000001886703,0.00001224233,0.1619134,0.1519438,0.00009227628,0.000009165487,0.0001759767],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947736,0.000008911599,0.003827102,0.00006487167,0.000346771,0.0005565358,0.00003445583,0.00002701195,0.0003607332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996269,0.000001856083,0.0001340038,0.00003625592,0.0001053164,0.0000403125,0.000004603792,0.0000213585,0.00002935754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3925272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7301762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3047791577","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106595","title":"Electromagnetic transient modeling of grounding electrodes buried in frequency dependent soil with variable water content","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electric Power Systems Research","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Manitoba Hydro","funders":"Mitacs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Soil resistivity; Ground; Earthing system; Transient (computer programming); Lightning strike; Lightning (connector); Electrical engineering; Electric power transmission; Transmission line; Environmental science; Engineering; Acoustics; Power (physics); Soil science; Mechanics; Physics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Bamdad Salarieh","is_ca":true},{"name":"H.M. Jeewantha De Silva","is_ca":true},{"name":"Behzad Kordi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04404063403519753,"gpt":0.2588528069915701,"spread":0.2148121729563726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001374779,0.0003189874,0.0006100375,0.0004407851,0.0002149207,0.0001434887,0.0005059881,0.00008259445,0.0001353532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002264218,0.0002340461,0.00007482387,0.001414262,0.0000498753,0.0001853527,0.00005268493,0.0009193443,0.00002254372],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002322576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004041912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004955003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001323516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952229,0.0004931458,0.000720085,0.0006913184,0.001088292,0.001784231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987918,0.0001201428,0.00008510086,0.0003612681,0.0003643418,0.0002774136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003200326,0.0002988827,0.002162226,0.000137949,0.0001845816,0.00001907032,0.00287874,0.003674332,0.9724565,0.01767222,0.00009128852,0.0001041521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01498795,0.03029039,0.001002483,0.001017044,0.0002582055,0.0001013993,0.006420603,0.3899193,0.5353976,0.01663633,0.0006541036,0.003314658],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9621203,0.001269348,0.01890533,0.0003833745,0.00006227232,0.00084526,0.00000495396,0.00004874942,0.01636044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989918,0.00001182733,0.0001874278,0.00001862266,0.000163344,0.0002199079,0.00001832267,0.00005879856,0.000329947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.437059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9544121,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046635939","doi":"10.1029/2008jd009811","title":"Influence of strike object grounding on close lightning electric fields","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tower; Lightning (connector); Ground; Electric field; Geology; Geometry; Physics; Ground plane; Lightning strike; RADIUS; Geodesy; Cylinder; Plane (geometry); Thunderstorm; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Computer science; Structural engineering; Antenna (radio)","authors":[{"name":"Yoshihiro Baba","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vladimir A. Rakov","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02254510725550437,"gpt":0.3033427360796925,"spread":0.2807976288241882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005824888,0.0001665822,0.0004173211,0.00006689999,0.0002755775,0.00004003986,0.000470068,0.00005274361,0.00009808104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001982347,0.0001277624,0.0002060466,0.0007789368,0.0001390605,0.0002348475,0.00007460125,0.001128474,0.00003316864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007085956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003730783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004354334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001311674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973603,0.0002258119,0.0005012758,0.0001987186,0.0010894,0.000624451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977913,0.000929194,0.0002856585,0.0002485864,0.0005187119,0.0002264883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003821597,0.006770174,0.2314008,0.0002543386,0.001873466,0.0005684675,0.007656782,0.008848072,0.4694507,0.144409,0.02401662,0.1009299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004747613,0.02538809,0.5501777,0.0009844183,0.0001155675,0.00008340034,0.00105672,0.00125961,0.2681516,0.1432171,0.003801602,0.001016577],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925836,0.000165425,0.000105498,0.0001346623,0.00004780411,0.0000926177,0.000001540424,0.000007671131,0.006861138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998117,0.00004401748,0.0003157156,0.00001752435,0.0008107447,0.000004547089,7.247785e-7,0.00001830958,0.0006714289],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3187769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5209998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1521362403","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2015.2469599","title":"Accurate Impedance Calculation for Underground and Submarine Power Cables Using MoM-SO and a Multilayer Ground Model","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Electrical impedance; Finite element method; Transient (computer programming); Power cable; Submarine; Engineering; Power (physics); Acoustics; Ground; Skin effect; Electrical engineering; Structural engineering; Marine engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Layer (electronics); Physics","authors":[{"name":"Utkarsh R. Patel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Piero Triverio","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03216568257743319,"gpt":0.2659834891955375,"spread":0.2338178066181043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001112121,0.0001996062,0.0001864581,0.00008562407,0.0002757527,0.0001294546,0.00005520477,0.00005355379,0.0000155618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000118691,0.000193493,0.00005621713,0.00009110846,0.00006931087,0.0003656618,0.000002935989,0.0001268415,0.000002618359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006557049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008471897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005662029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002616025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990575,0.00002416522,0.0001924236,0.000315364,0.0001244686,0.0002860367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994542,0.00007034585,0.0000641639,0.0001599258,0.0001040453,0.0001472943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002379869,0.001828191,0.002138328,0.0001500087,0.001379539,0.000009144407,0.01825861,0.8480815,0.0840138,0.007372139,0.001396373,0.03299253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002825941,0.000433045,0.0004242093,0.00003938889,0.0001825637,0.00001082719,0.0006692446,0.9861696,0.003022737,0.005300877,0.0003904328,0.0005311823],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5606458,0.00007537787,0.4387025,0.00004449431,0.000109359,0.0001494461,0.00003613255,0.00002095909,0.0002160129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996471,0.00000977441,0.002584401,0.00006676185,0.00003289978,0.00003145728,0.000006338046,0.00002969262,0.0007676533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4361181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7890418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106191444","doi":"10.1175/2008jamc1935.1","title":"Lake-Effect Thunderstorms in the Lower Great Lakes","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"State University of New York Oswego; Pennsylvania State University; State University of New York; Syracuse University","keywords":"Storm; Thunderstorm; Winter storm; Convective storm detection; Environmental science; Radiosonde; Convective available potential energy; Lightning detection; Snow; Climatology; Depth sounding; Meteorology; Precipitation; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Oceanography; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Scott M. Steiger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert S. Hamilton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason M. Keeler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard E. Orville","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007876228920920325,"gpt":0.2185628482847843,"spread":0.210686619363864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004749282,0.0001299238,0.0004011905,0.00009292999,0.0001255725,0.000007136858,0.0001777279,0.00008047277,0.000135653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005864348,0.00007546432,0.00007108917,0.00009773368,0.0002381585,0.0000448892,0.00002217115,0.0004072143,0.000009263794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005679759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003240832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003388661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001202392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990913,0.000112203,0.0003028134,0.0001217888,0.0000855477,0.000286393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992738,0.0003603297,0.0001847615,0.0001160943,0.00001874965,0.00004629243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003114054,0.0009675427,0.6324479,0.00004279502,0.0006480765,0.000517345,0.00909786,0.00005510076,0.005400467,0.3291809,0.0067972,0.01173075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0320012,0.02416533,0.3044859,0.00007422112,0.001255582,0.01504825,0.006539723,0.0001909237,0.006505114,0.5085545,0.09923155,0.001947719],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724597,0.0002103543,0.00008000845,0.0007605912,0.0001500914,0.00007995751,0.000001134826,0.000004171919,0.02625395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992799,0.00004026841,0.00009986317,0.0003807338,0.0001513963,0.00001011641,0.000002040566,0.000006749603,0.00002896164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.327962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3077346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168746205","doi":"10.1175/2010waf2222387.1","title":"Investigating the Potential of Using Radar Echo Reflectivity to Nowcast Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Initiation over Southern Ontario","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Forecasting","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning (connector); Depth sounding; Radar; Meteorology; Echo (communications protocol); Environmental science; Reflectivity; Storm; Atmospheric electricity; Thunderstorm; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Physics; Electric field; Optics; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Yi Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick King","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0218763078144643,"gpt":0.239949716372532,"spread":0.2180734085580676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000385929,0.0001626557,0.000189593,0.00006141145,0.000378215,0.00009887025,0.0001158824,0.00003943864,0.00008664473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002574094,0.0001256027,0.0000548844,0.0001810438,0.00004533433,0.00009860016,0.00009514101,0.000315863,0.000004350357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002981095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007896607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01605831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002298323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989936,0.00004093116,0.0002561518,0.000246689,0.0001590924,0.0003035258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994364,0.00007323187,0.0001502344,0.0001741232,0.00005503909,0.0001109693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003002551,0.00005376823,0.1530708,0.00001492141,0.00007460239,8.719944e-7,0.03751199,0.0006513493,0.7876083,0.001886456,0.0000192851,0.0190777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01069954,0.003281648,0.4746796,0.002009145,0.001436637,0.0002234605,0.03469342,0.1417983,0.145353,0.1746554,0.004169307,0.007000455],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870084,0.000007213592,0.005094844,0.00005639563,0.0001961355,0.000172526,0.000009077244,0.00001746864,0.007437967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924319,3.629765e-8,0.006511363,0.00007355862,0.0006831842,0.00000778749,0.000003751305,0.00002505816,0.0002633843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6422552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9904938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157161777","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2002.803738","title":"Extended analysis of ground impedance measurement using the fall-of-potential method","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safe Engineering Services & Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Electrical impedance; Focused Impedance Measurement; Potential method; Acoustics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Jinxi Ma","is_ca":true},{"name":"F. Dawalibi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02722430267542312,"gpt":0.2531750133617903,"spread":0.2259507106863672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000231246,0.0001379597,0.0002692502,0.0001796492,0.0001442764,0.00001701408,0.000162799,0.00002831588,0.0005258617],"category_scores_gemma":[7.237819e-7,0.00010776,0.0003064563,0.0006796813,0.00005687165,0.00007775518,0.000001376698,0.0001458379,0.000004228241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004219695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002667149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006159318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009325944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988339,0.0001044109,0.0003001638,0.0002007545,0.0003585388,0.0002022256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992629,0.00005619851,0.0001378858,0.0003235677,0.0001771277,0.00004227038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002692992,0.003318196,0.0002374014,0.00004225379,0.017357,0.000004008259,0.007237274,0.3289833,0.5309505,0.001199744,0.0003081296,0.1100929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002342844,0.001057638,0.003690783,0.0001053127,0.01353388,0.000006066679,0.002149626,0.6576051,0.3170114,0.001185497,0.0003274129,0.0009845577],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3726772,0.0001046285,0.6262466,0.00002779936,0.000146478,0.00007168889,0.00002713937,0.000009280691,0.0006891826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976748,0.00001043283,0.002115879,0.00001971241,0.00002232253,0.000008444847,0.000001023315,0.00001141575,0.0001359988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6249976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5757817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2588172454","doi":"10.1109/temc.2017.2655497","title":"Mixed-Potential Integral Equation for Full-Wave Modeling of Grounding Systems Buried in a Lossy Multilayer Stratified Ground","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Ground; Earthing system; Lossy compression; Integral equation; Function (biology); Ground plane; Oblique case; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Geology; Mathematics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Hamidreza Karami","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keyhan Sheshyekani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farhad Rachidi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0578836493690425,"gpt":0.2731756681082981,"spread":0.2152920187392556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005451721,0.0003190227,0.0005289546,0.0001726344,0.0005217819,0.0001993565,0.0003117298,0.00009271844,0.0000618128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000116901,0.000321927,0.0002177292,0.0001297534,0.0001152335,0.0002618337,0.000003666523,0.0003839444,0.000003006982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001556455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001358377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004160818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002949954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976388,0.0001416102,0.0007756723,0.0005804345,0.000293447,0.0005700829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984535,0.0001693611,0.0003188845,0.0007802455,0.0001751453,0.0001028787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003758356,0.005901281,0.0011599,0.0006690641,0.0006514215,0.000005649827,0.00382046,0.4453405,0.4575575,0.01275452,0.00004031031,0.06834096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002289228,0.00158801,0.002156331,0.00008844656,0.0001112529,0.000002537781,0.0003439218,0.9757224,0.0100614,0.007301237,0.000001695322,0.0003334835],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5775142,0.0000170401,0.4211547,0.00003859018,0.0003413358,0.0006152793,0.00003538786,0.00002384,0.0002596408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997714,0.000001602223,0.001725428,0.000003193382,0.0001534422,0.0002290292,0.00002336005,0.00003012687,0.0001197952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5303819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}