{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":3624,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":3624,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cc02ab26008f","filters":{"topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems"}},"results":[{"id":"W2100468073","doi":"10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8","title":"Plumbing the Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Inland Waters into the Terrestrial Carbon Budget","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosystems","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3983,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Terrestrial ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Sink (geography); Carbon sink; Water cycle; Wetland; Terrestrial plant; Total organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"J. J. Cole","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yves T. Prairie","is_ca":true},{"name":"N. F. Caraco","is_ca":false},{"name":"William H. McDowell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lars J. Tranvik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert G. Striegl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlos M. Duarte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pirkko Kortelainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Downing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jack J. Middelburg","is_ca":false},{"name":"John M. Mélack","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006392664624304733,"gpt":0.2010971158494282,"spread":0.1947044512251234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002037884,0.0002340611,0.0002634389,0.00004245218,0.0003686254,0.0002646213,0.000559515,0.000107531,0.0000376392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008869603,0.0001206337,0.00009611221,0.0003518959,0.00005926173,0.00009823913,0.00005597882,0.0002893876,0.00004099991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003834849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006552788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2744733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2977861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979077,0.0002507652,0.0005471037,0.0003225322,0.0004251799,0.0005467351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989505,0.0002875672,0.0002007722,0.000401228,0.00002717453,0.0001326895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008314449,0.000008704148,0.9595368,0.000040402,0.00005744662,0.00003125406,0.001678757,0.0006286469,0.00001603653,0.00005850135,0.0003151017,0.03754519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002312825,0.0006269664,0.1996434,0.0004183907,0.0001404134,0.00047273,0.02053165,0.5798222,0.000218082,0.001523523,0.1928685,0.001421269],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9047893,0.0003535454,0.00002767278,0.000373153,0.003941489,0.0004333764,0.00001530627,0.0000687374,0.08999737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976996,0.000008274339,0.0000141002,0.00009863177,0.001949828,0.000004715305,0.00003977943,0.000006777476,0.0001782536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7598934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.730358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120321951","doi":"10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038","title":"Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3090,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Office of Polar Programs","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Aquatic ecosystem; Fulvic acid; Total organic carbon; Fluorescence; Carbon fibers; Organic matter; Environmental science; Snowmelt; Chemistry; Ecology; Humic acid; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Surface runoff; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Diane M. McKnight","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth W. Boyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Westerhoff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter T. Doran","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Kulbe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dale T. Andersen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005217148471666845,"gpt":0.1774263508894537,"spread":0.1722092024177868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101878,0.00007833714,0.0001918466,0.0002605924,0.00004740375,0.00001093405,0.00006253779,0.00008088756,0.0008897654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001309714,0.00006598463,0.00002623448,0.0003908947,0.00007715083,0.0001074477,0.00001161711,0.00003364939,0.000003679634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.424335e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007494924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002788113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001162038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994274,0.00003441496,0.000224864,0.0001378047,0.00005205394,0.0001234509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996273,0.00005096556,0.0001792157,0.00008287878,0.00002561379,0.00003403144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008635986,0.00002310144,0.9776739,0.0001129421,0.00002838308,2.522185e-7,0.00009872148,4.563371e-8,0.01984803,0.0000419584,0.00001031278,0.002076023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000250493,0.0002817781,0.9888236,0.00001091956,0.00003165751,0.00001465675,0.00003685185,0.0001036123,0.009710607,0.000537474,0.0001312087,0.00006714967],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998877,0.00008640822,0.000320577,0.00009187779,0.0001029593,0.0002160944,0.00009517714,0.00001113465,0.0001987272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992892,0.000273413,0.0001029279,0.0000316946,0.00003184016,0.000001329017,0.0002359089,0.000002725632,0.00003101184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01114972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9742307,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170312901","doi":"10.1126/science.1105959","title":"Global Iron Connections Between Desert Dust, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Climate","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3024,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Earth system science; Environmental science; Earth science; Atmosphere (unit); Iron fertilization; Earth (classical element); Global climate; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Oceanography; Ecology; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Nutrient; Biology","authors":[{"name":"T. D. Jickells","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhisheng An","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. K. Andersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alex R. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Bergametti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nick Brooks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Junji Cao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip W. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert A. Duce","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith A. Hunter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hodaka Kawahata","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. Kubilay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie LaRoche","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter S. Liss","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. M. Mahowald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph M. Prospero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andy Ridgwell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ina Tegen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rodrigo Torres","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02957763101148286,"gpt":0.2809956448089735,"spread":0.2514180137974907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005720016,0.0002472476,0.0005348877,0.00008952814,0.0004347153,0.0002385967,0.0005608601,0.0001231299,0.0003873502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005566768,0.0001877691,0.00009680136,0.0009699076,0.0003702462,0.0002415948,0.0001087732,0.0001436612,0.0002012981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002225003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003507144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001071009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998216,0.0000370873,0.0003217495,0.0005791607,0.0003303766,0.0005155777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991434,0.00007308894,0.000161503,0.0002902171,0.00003528408,0.0002964888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.222937e-7,0.000002647292,0.03505437,0.0008302467,0.000004297221,0.000003432888,0.000002758837,0.000001474421,2.049168e-8,0.00001975655,0.000119758,0.9639608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003571603,0.0000334733,0.005343807,0.0005804863,0.0000785081,0.0001098843,0.00001308227,0.00009037767,2.277756e-7,0.00002920484,0.9934337,0.0002515551],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001054887,0.9596598,0.000002455925,0.00002846263,0.0002598138,0.0002278569,0.001049332,0.00005354727,0.03766385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006278253,0.9928814,0.00007026135,0.00001766557,0.0003442194,0.000001007409,0.0001928966,0.000003043191,0.0002113112],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9933139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7657001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033355897","doi":"10.1038/nature12760","title":"Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2541,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Carbon dioxide; Carbon cycle; Surface water; Evasion (ethics); Flux (metallurgy); Greenhouse gas; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Chemistry; Ecosystem; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Peter A. Raymond","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Hartmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ronny Lauerwald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sebastian Sobek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cory P. McDonald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark D. Hoover","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Butman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert G. Striegl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emilio Mayorga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christoph Humborg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pirkko Kortelainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans H. Dürr","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michel Meybeck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philippe Ciais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter L. Guth","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003763488385838727,"gpt":0.1829603498650598,"spread":0.1791968614792211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003408433,0.00008405864,0.00009542293,0.00001416063,0.00004661532,0.00004265465,0.0001455889,0.0003689423,0.001493455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001822569,0.0000554466,0.00003141183,0.0001054785,0.00001106469,0.00008829252,0.00001530222,0.0003858348,0.0002474941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003134086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001865814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05081111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003127193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994041,0.00002437798,0.00008831028,0.0001571162,0.0001528468,0.0001732575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996676,0.00002613523,0.00002438379,0.000133215,0.00002016407,0.0001284641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005123384,0.000002943772,0.9735516,0.00000352946,0.00000892048,0.000007368949,0.00002065908,0.00003009836,0.00001954076,0.000007459883,0.01004792,0.01629487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001192043,0.00001893884,0.9477262,0.00001144803,0.000005623273,0.000004872398,0.00006837231,0.001744285,0.00003337047,0.001215627,0.04894855,0.0001035124],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8918235,0.000479816,0.000001709259,0.000579009,0.0004507534,0.0000840549,0.0001088757,0.00003422728,0.106438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978948,0.00001128504,0.00007362379,0.0005209682,0.0001907023,8.377132e-7,0.0001635048,0.000001351027,0.001142922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1060713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994193,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036677156","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1765","title":"Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2268,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Upwelling; Nutrient; Biogeochemistry; Iron fertilization; Environmental science; Oceanography; Redfield ratio; Productivity; Chemical oceanography; Ecology; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"C. Mark Moore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew M. Mills","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin R. Arrigo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ilana Berman‐Frank","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip W. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric D. Galbraith","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard J. Geider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cécile Guieu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel L. Jaccard","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. D. Jickells","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie La Roche","is_ca":true},{"name":"Timothy M. Lenton","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. M. Mahowald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emilio Marañón","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Marinov","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Keith Moore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Nakatsuka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Oschlies","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mak A. Saito","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Frede Thingstad","is_ca":false},{"name":"Atsushi Tsuda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Osvaldo Ulloa","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005379866159969257,"gpt":0.1851048644128992,"spread":0.1797249982529299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009928999,0.00005798341,0.00007393491,0.00004696897,0.00005690255,0.00004520563,0.0001319117,0.00005555701,0.0002703712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001032862,0.00004159595,0.00001056601,0.0002476021,0.00003545067,0.0003040219,0.0000142307,0.0001001313,0.00003473727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.00578e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003734849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001545677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008686978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993809,0.00001276614,0.0001067621,0.0001631454,0.0002021518,0.0001342059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996319,0.00006818076,0.00006202863,0.00007982072,0.00009751037,0.00006055028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002710773,0.0000102382,0.9831852,0.0001413053,0.000001490921,8.617073e-7,0.0001352177,0.000005978907,0.00006578203,0.0002828008,0.0002092749,0.01595913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007207928,0.00007145081,0.994481,0.00002658774,0.000002309551,0.000008355693,0.0002146804,0.002268027,0.0001361188,0.0008707002,0.001779255,0.00006946253],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958764,0.0006075829,0.0002283982,0.0001472743,0.0001207819,0.0001397223,0.00002322768,0.00001285175,0.002843803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991576,0.00007620552,0.0001971053,0.0001517001,0.00002757947,0.00000108124,0.00001523831,7.927306e-7,0.0003726667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01588966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2960375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171961624","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009","title":"Eutrophication science: where do we go from here?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Eutrophication; Ecosystem; Marine ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Water quality; Nutrient; Environmental science; Freshwater ecosystem; Ecology; Estuary; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Val H. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"David W. Schindler","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02364121423427683,"gpt":0.2796444432696218,"spread":0.2560032290353449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005676681,0.0003383066,0.0009627878,0.0009197817,0.0001965876,0.00007326099,0.0006361741,0.0004890146,0.003654388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003236183,0.0002847002,0.000184722,0.001724941,0.0001991889,0.0003053787,0.00004249162,0.0005018701,0.00121184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001641175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004259903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003327813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06801303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974403,0.0002874809,0.0006734096,0.0007531657,0.0002961563,0.0005494932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988505,0.0001265054,0.0003986459,0.000453113,0.00004630993,0.0001249269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005098498,0.00002595517,0.01389854,0.0002033994,0.00001220373,0.000008197309,0.00001798019,0.00004083319,6.037623e-8,0.0001134597,0.000729389,0.9849449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001590367,0.000151262,0.1387458,0.0009355844,0.0001131735,0.00003072886,0.00002764844,0.0007562696,2.408471e-8,0.001443192,0.8573241,0.0003131788],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007424456,0.9787107,0.000005858404,0.000154824,0.0009496146,0.0002241872,0.0001364093,0.00005811996,0.01901788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02171091,0.9757831,0.0001038041,0.00001066053,0.0003568324,0.00001274383,0.0005730522,0.000007003481,0.00144191],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9846317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055763451","doi":"10.1038/nature06316","title":"Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1810,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Laurentian University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Sixth Framework Programme; Sight Research UK; Norsk Institutt for Vannforskning; Natural Environment Research Council; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Deposition (geology); Environmental science; Climate change; Ecosystem; Total organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Carbon cycle; Global change; Carbon fibers; Acid rain; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Oceanography; Ecology; Sediment; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Donald T. Monteith","is_ca":false},{"name":"John L. Stoddard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Evans","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heleen A. de Wit","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Forsius","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tore Høgåsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anders Wilander","is_ca":false},{"name":"B.L. Skjelkvåle","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. S. Jeffries","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jussi Vuorenmaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bill Keller","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jiřı́ Kopáček","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jozef Veselý","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003921617443241558,"gpt":0.1908767513108226,"spread":0.1869551338675811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001587608,0.00009532336,0.0001097889,0.00001152308,0.00003772597,0.00002459945,0.0001076179,0.0004726593,0.001091711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002559019,0.00008222834,0.00002078474,0.0003769544,0.000007809678,0.00004528537,0.00001078566,0.0006912087,0.000007706945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007824287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001068944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00818076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.178964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992833,0.00001519456,0.0001268964,0.0001995997,0.0001578274,0.0002171832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996984,0.00005507501,0.00005593679,0.0001147716,0.00001420743,0.00006162754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001198879,0.00001947457,0.7419177,0.00003278467,0.00001383914,0.000127166,0.0002564185,0.00004136671,0.01665384,0.000001182434,0.0001500998,0.2406663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003954061,0.00003597612,0.9733098,0.0000524612,0.000009783865,0.00001060326,0.0003160263,0.0117968,0.01145591,0.00003503116,0.002366468,0.0002157364],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9553024,0.0009801266,0.00000458531,0.0001563939,0.0001964894,0.00003252957,0.00002408368,0.00003611549,0.04326726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982151,0.00001621986,0.0001636849,0.0001244049,0.0003219121,3.240649e-7,0.0003620545,0.000003396041,0.000792874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2404505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1637244524","doi":"10.1038/35037500","title":"A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1650,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Iron fertilization; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Environmental science; Plankton; Polar front; Biological pump; Diatom; Carbon dioxide; Bloom; Biomass (ecology); Nutrient; Geology; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Philip W. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Watson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cliff S. Law","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward R. Abraham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas W. Trull","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Murdoch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorothée C. E. Bakker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew R. Bowie","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ken O. Buesseler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hoe Chang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew A. Charette","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Croot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ken Downing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Russell Frew","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Gall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark G. Hadfield","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie Hall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mike Harvey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Greg Jameson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie LaRoche","is_ca":false},{"name":"Malcolm I. Liddicoat","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roger D. Ling","is_ca":false},{"name":"María T. Maldonado","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Michael L. McKay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott D. Nodder","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Pickmere","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rick D. Pridmore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karl Safi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip Sutton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert F. Strzepek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kim Tanneberger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Suzanne M. Turner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anya M. Waite","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Zeldis","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00328358724627906,"gpt":0.1835294306899135,"spread":0.1802458434436344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001553898,0.00009154252,0.00008739956,0.00002747216,0.00007132567,0.0000505917,0.000190947,0.0003280123,0.004328104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008796778,0.00005771542,0.00002663422,0.0002061682,0.00001189312,0.00008186884,0.000003154116,0.0006059112,0.0002686958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002078162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001175959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002156682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005710393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992737,0.00008337421,0.0001142368,0.0001542534,0.000204533,0.0001699658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999761,0.00003408247,0.00002465447,0.0001359825,0.00001030747,0.00003397819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003066893,0.000115731,0.7422502,0.00006239957,0.0000178099,0.00005000348,0.003171638,0.00345182,0.0001175804,0.00001958203,0.05548351,0.1949531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001504809,0.0003494697,0.3834942,0.00005321591,0.00003445651,0.00004603732,0.0009481821,0.06048293,0.0001218635,0.0006045482,0.55182,0.0005402816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772773,0.0011318,0.000001271621,0.0004105086,0.00006932297,0.0001461685,0.0002113674,0.00002932345,0.02072291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952628,0.00002467562,0.000005157059,0.001152646,0.00006520763,2.82415e-7,0.0005897466,0.000002769123,0.002896703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4963365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000946245","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1307701110","title":"Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria <i>Prochlorococcus</i> and <i>Synechococcus</i>","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1446,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Division of Emerging Frontiers; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Prochlorococcus; Synechococcus; Cyanobacteria; Niche; Biogeochemical cycle; Ecology; Abundance (ecology); Biology; Ocean gyre; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Oceanography; Atmospheric sciences; Subtropics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Pedro Flombaum","is_ca":false},{"name":"José L. Gallegos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rodolfo A. Gordillo","is_ca":false},{"name":"José Rincón","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lina L. Zabala","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nianzhi Jiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"David M. Karl","is_ca":false},{"name":"William K. W. Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael W. Lomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniele Veneziano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carolina Vera","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasper A. Vrugt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam C. Martiny","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01098137477220791,"gpt":0.2201146503687024,"spread":0.2091332755964945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004002258,0.00008993786,0.0001395004,0.0000268866,0.0002071846,0.00004526473,0.0005024165,0.00005861493,0.0001068532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006727296,0.00004633433,0.00004483956,0.0005066381,0.000653607,0.0004264908,0.0002005891,0.00009206287,9.897399e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003983323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002616717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005298531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001148961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988285,0.000008484006,0.000270226,0.0001801046,0.0005750215,0.0001376136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994039,0.00005752152,0.0003101037,0.00001233175,0.0001669842,0.00004919328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001150838,0.00002145587,0.9685467,0.0001460376,0.00001608298,2.963998e-9,0.00005299369,0.00001141865,0.00791722,0.01122653,0.001827862,0.01022221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001057125,0.00003381227,0.9625705,0.00002983914,0.00001015332,0.00001245465,0.000155649,0.0006905132,0.008174102,0.02499918,0.003157862,0.00006014522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9750654,0.0001405811,2.849271e-7,0.005712209,0.00003849218,0.0002936806,0.0002023975,0.000005306607,0.01854168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994449,0.00007488352,0.000158739,0.000120391,0.0001229869,0.000003625224,9.401681e-7,7.628148e-7,0.0000727433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02437956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2408242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999250331","doi":"10.1038/nature09268","title":"Global phytoplankton decline over the past century","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1342,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Environmental science; Oceanography; Biogeochemical cycle; Context (archaeology); Climate change; Ecosystem; Marine ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Daniel G. Boyce","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marlon R. Lewis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Boris Worm","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003292001693654183,"gpt":0.2046349412799948,"spread":0.2013429395863407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001324611,0.00008539922,0.00007538987,0.00001105505,0.0001044412,0.00006476331,0.0002698259,0.0003994932,0.002904615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002350171,0.00004685516,0.00004553942,0.0001659144,0.0000260491,0.00007463507,0.00002593623,0.001065328,0.0001634095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001135578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002117635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00100443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05148273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993613,0.00001915112,0.00008521067,0.0001399901,0.0002159628,0.0001783406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999634,0.00003901665,0.00003653661,0.0002025376,0.00002245738,0.00006548634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001696236,0.000006011862,0.9079188,0.000006703703,0.000006444297,0.000009226227,0.000009943848,0.00001395895,0.00000749595,0.0004840378,0.02912821,0.06239222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006838752,0.00001107485,0.5457977,0.000001486734,0.000003064587,0.00001953039,0.00001062051,0.0004047351,0.000002261128,0.0003230284,0.4533132,0.00004495039],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8819051,0.0007108686,0.000002660695,0.001381803,0.002600005,0.00009701728,0.0002018148,0.00003684467,0.1130639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961122,0.00002179304,0.0000365297,0.002356576,0.001005683,3.800418e-7,0.0001036362,0.000001332193,0.0003618536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4241849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094692032","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001","title":"The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1289,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Salinity; Composition (language); Artificial seawater; Chemistry; Environmental science; Oceanography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Frank J. Millero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rainer Feistel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel G. Wright","is_ca":true},{"name":"Trevor J. McDougall","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0553931167744987,"gpt":0.3070980576011789,"spread":0.2517049408266802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02328048,0.0001516337,0.0002687411,0.0003349129,0.002065966,0.0001494747,0.0007638339,0.0001233217,0.0001860385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002733841,0.00007146812,0.0001532299,0.001735342,0.004078793,0.0001759481,0.0001898373,0.001087732,0.00001287354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001565609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000139199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003758849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01789776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916773,0.003598673,0.0005872801,0.000338025,0.002883251,0.0009154793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937945,0.004224071,0.0001464302,0.0006345639,0.0009889577,0.0002115005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01013779,0.0001780671,0.8801527,0.000556734,0.0002806776,0.00001908068,0.002183808,0.00008650313,0.002800486,0.01652161,0.002877163,0.08420539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003866104,0.00175445,0.9168797,0.0004967467,0.00005174739,0.00005717208,0.01122323,0.003252399,0.007046001,0.02731415,0.02762843,0.0004299149],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9301953,0.0007857304,0.00001820615,0.001584455,0.0001094972,0.001107172,0.0001088907,0.00001570796,0.06607506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974263,0.002214023,0.00003830306,0.00003570937,0.00008245715,0.0000127482,0.00009699896,0.000006845074,0.00008666278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08377548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029039279","doi":"10.5194/bg-7-585-2010","title":"Dynamics and distribution of natural and human-caused hypoxia","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1239,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Tampa Bay Estuary Program","keywords":"Hypoxia (environmental); Environmental science; Bottom water; Eutrophication; Population; Total organic carbon; Upwelling; Anoxic waters; Ecology; Nutrient; Oxygen; Oceanography; Biology; Geology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Nancy N. Rabalais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert J. Díaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa A. Levin","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Eugene Turner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denis Gilbert","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Zhang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007399229915885583,"gpt":0.2016707369091721,"spread":0.1942715069932865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001970809,0.00005821988,0.00008284385,0.00003120439,0.0001422016,0.00005237452,0.00009540846,0.00003202282,0.00008128738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003449651,0.00004147346,0.0000126469,0.0001372443,0.0002657336,0.0001551547,0.00001902902,0.00006368796,0.000002651726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.989697e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000142815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01183869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06674423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994833,0.00001231047,0.0001090702,0.0001491944,0.0001254177,0.000120662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997532,0.0000458908,0.00005410493,0.00006739249,0.00001989785,0.00005949615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002477108,0.000003981142,0.9703146,0.00001130735,0.000001250147,7.462715e-7,0.00001822064,1.804245e-7,0.001439799,0.003122973,0.0000214305,0.025063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006554802,0.0000696927,0.9903111,0.000003725068,0.000003379427,0.0000116401,0.000104559,0.008000229,0.0001805261,0.0005396355,0.0006446996,0.00006526378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974511,0.0001017242,0.0000118711,0.0001001205,0.0002786121,0.00005222669,0.0001490726,0.00001063591,0.00184461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996417,0.00001402209,0.00005351662,0.00001133726,0.00002937397,2.222508e-7,0.0000869365,5.192359e-7,0.0001623425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05490554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947416,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147170411","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbp098","title":"Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometry","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Plankton Research","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Phytoplankton; Trophic level; Food web; Abiotic component; Biogeochemistry; Community structure; Environmental science; Ecology; Nutrient cycle; Microbial loop; Oceanography; Nutrient; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Zoe V. Finkel","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Beardall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin J. Flynn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antonietta Quigg","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. A. V. Rees","is_ca":false},{"name":"John A. Raven","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02403442933329674,"gpt":0.2937728272624197,"spread":0.269738397929123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002575775,0.0000915868,0.0002190543,0.002387478,0.0001070592,0.0001046239,0.0002107342,0.00004061123,0.0009792143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007599644,0.00007144717,0.00003946552,0.001855464,0.00003140111,0.0002334499,0.00002227546,0.0005713135,0.00002541468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001390698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007935781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002883541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00224521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981868,0.0001777626,0.0003509794,0.0001338731,0.0006831858,0.0004673904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991589,0.0003993135,0.0001139497,0.00008519382,0.00006758258,0.0001750573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005618785,0.0001300372,0.8351429,0.00009915545,0.0000174299,0.0009480344,0.0007440021,0.0001386065,0.001604194,0.0001041575,0.002921139,0.1575885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002233884,0.002353644,0.9356933,0.0002482643,0.000009039719,0.0004281159,0.003047911,0.002690193,0.001234283,0.00114656,0.05062335,0.0002914129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9535491,0.001096945,0.000004737371,0.0004065642,0.0001226899,0.0001063959,0.00001809658,0.000003974491,0.04469142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971851,0.0001613101,0.0001666656,0.0001001262,0.0002342971,1.921493e-7,0.000005612059,0.00000205623,0.002144665],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1572971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157258199","doi":"10.1029/2004jc002601","title":"Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments: From the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":981,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of British Columbia; Université Laval","funders":"Division of Ocean Sciences; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; European Commission; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Diatom; Seawater; Mixed layer; Iron fertilization; Chlorophyll a; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geology; Nutrient; Botany; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"H. J. W. de Baar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip W. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth H. Coale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael R. Landry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Atsushi Tsuda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philipp Assmy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorothée C. E. Bakker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yann Bozec","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard T. Barber","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark A. Brzezinski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ken O. Buesseler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie Boyé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Croot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank Gervais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maxim Y. Gorbunov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"William T. Hiscock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick Laan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christiane Lancelot","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cliff S. Law","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maurice Levasseur","is_ca":true},{"name":"Adrian Marchetti","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank J. Millero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jun Nishioka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yukihiro Nojiri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim van Oijen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulf Riebesell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Micha J.A. Rijkenberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hiroaki Saito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shigenobu Takeda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Klaas R. Timmermans","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcel J.W. Veldhuis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anya M. Waite","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. S. Wong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03265023347277245,"gpt":0.2871091153399791,"spread":0.2544588818672067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001105719,0.0000897706,0.0002522649,0.00001514241,0.00007391392,0.00004853982,0.0006105762,0.00003996109,0.0006990221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003230892,0.0000437616,0.0001110254,0.0002832444,0.000148188,0.0001860776,0.00004046955,0.0002929806,0.00002225111],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001421053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006428024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0139284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009145539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973441,0.0006213819,0.0004826508,0.0001101456,0.001201752,0.0002399956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978322,0.001580224,0.0001992125,0.0002269838,0.0001010306,0.00006030253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00222449,0.001649868,0.2921743,0.0001771829,0.0001733282,0.0003338874,0.008318498,0.004124255,0.02029458,0.0005305213,0.00706621,0.6629328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004955197,0.0009294528,0.9693079,0.0002304656,0.00002352021,0.000005163998,0.00581697,0.002947578,0.01025202,0.001427842,0.008454002,0.0001095811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941463,0.0008236169,0.00001498638,0.000635346,0.00004134714,0.0001518831,0.00001314285,0.000001405491,0.00417196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991336,0.0002054216,0.0002238872,0.00004797664,0.0002594803,0.000002008851,0.000005903857,0.000003022754,0.000118741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6771336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9926379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101270983","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.1004.x","title":"Ecosystem dynamics based on plankton functional types for global ocean biogeochemistry models","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":898,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Marine ecosystem; Plankton; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Ecosystem model; Earth system science; Ecology; Oceanography; Environmental resource management; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Corinne Le Quéré","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sandy P. Harrison","is_ca":false},{"name":"I. Colin Prentice","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erik T. Buitenhuis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Aumont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hervé Claustre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Letícia Cotrim da Cunha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard J. Geider","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xavier Giraud","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christine Klaas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen E. Kohfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louis Legendre","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manfredi Manizza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Trevor Platt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard B. Rivkin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shubha Sathyendranath","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julia Uitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dieter Wolf‐Gladrow","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02933608060030797,"gpt":0.2231488886638727,"spread":0.1938128080635647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001313609,0.0001745909,0.0001946548,0.00002147391,0.00009355402,0.00002314897,0.0001689745,0.0001869653,0.0003423609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001343424,0.0001450167,0.0000883094,0.0001229698,0.00002511869,0.00007458964,0.00001531985,0.00004961078,0.0001117718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006408319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005306259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001241115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01566067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989833,0.00003488641,0.0001853511,0.0003339872,0.0001039545,0.0003584901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995538,0.00004448339,0.00007692267,0.0001594649,0.00004779995,0.0001175552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000720753,0.00007728073,0.8724771,0.0001275648,0.00005857813,0.000006130395,0.000008495807,0.003774185,0.000001379492,0.01222355,0.004927822,0.1055972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006321497,0.0004317984,0.01953479,0.00002014694,0.00001876944,0.00003283774,0.00002718996,0.9362702,0.000005819479,0.003253371,0.03949639,0.0002764744],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6899031,0.001608256,0.008560531,0.004606331,0.004028322,0.001612039,0.08418029,0.0004481119,0.205053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932378,0.000007619069,0.000162545,0.0007813822,0.0009162812,0.000006951984,0.00481719,0.000002292547,0.0000679399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9324961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.873902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058540316","doi":"10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2273","title":"Lakes and reservoirs as sentinels, integrators, and regulators of climate change","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":887,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Division of Environmental Biology","keywords":"Climate change; Context (archaeology); Ecosystem; Environmental science; Ecology; Natural (archaeology); Global warming; Environmental change; Global change; Environmental resource management; Physical geography; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Craig E. Williamson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasmine E. Saros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Warwick F. Vincent","is_ca":true},{"name":"John P. Smol","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008588088189342582,"gpt":0.1980395661360418,"spread":0.1894514779466992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001518049,0.0001170607,0.0002052915,0.0001841075,0.0001088542,0.0000225491,0.00006031893,0.0001066924,0.00005222239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001096482,0.00009083304,0.00003108383,0.0002051244,0.0001820954,0.000152974,0.00002098864,0.0000974271,0.000002126566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":1.989629e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003686446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000217339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00112518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999297,0.00004924347,0.0001641331,0.0002110464,0.0000639322,0.0002146365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996703,0.00004379274,0.00006944356,0.0001057435,0.00001855423,0.00009214247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005318777,0.000008114669,0.9458564,0.00004129583,0.00001404594,0.000007190015,0.0002291322,1.768264e-7,0.000008254244,0.00174203,0.00005632153,0.05198387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002506122,0.0005011939,0.9912969,0.00003618218,0.00002011911,0.0000639831,0.0005131842,0.0002484657,0.00004811474,0.004044498,0.002854487,0.0001222629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891332,0.004457396,8.752295e-7,0.0005415162,0.00008451165,0.00009680215,0.00003149179,0.00002668853,0.005627508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945995,0.004978637,0.00004840765,0.0002738039,0.00004414614,4.367157e-7,0.00002236093,0.000001671557,0.00003110409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05186161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3704064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3040588293","doi":"10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020","title":"Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":868,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Bjerknessenteret for klimaforskning, Universitetet i Bergen; Horizon 2020; Ministère de la Transition écologique et Solidaire; European Commission; Sight Research UK; Natural Environment Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy; Norges Forskningsråd; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Representative Concentration Pathways; Ecosystem; Effects of global warming on oceans; Nutrient; Primary production; Climate change; Deoxygenation; Photic zone; Sea surface temperature; New production; Global warming; Nitrate; Marine ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Oceanography; Climate model; Phytoplankton; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Lester Kwiatkowski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Torres","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Aumont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew A. Chamberlain","is_ca":false},{"name":"James R. Christian","is_ca":true},{"name":"John P. Dunne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marion Gehlen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana Ilyina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasmin G. John","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Lenton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongmei Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicole S. Lovenduski","is_ca":false},{"name":"James C. Orr","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julien Palmiéri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yeray Santana‐Falcón","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jörg Schwinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roland Séférian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles A. Stock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Tagliabue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yohei Takano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jerry Tjiputra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katsuya Toyama","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hiroyuki Tsujino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Watanabe","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Yamamoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Yool","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tilo Ziehn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01745005071426241,"gpt":0.2015833995963472,"spread":0.1841333488820848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002570759,0.0001527215,0.0001529382,0.00009658624,0.0005704635,0.0001853569,0.0001905968,0.00005309459,0.00005024672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001317741,0.0001219243,0.00002877815,0.0004847355,0.0001669114,0.0004351681,0.00006277625,0.00008360999,0.00001211578],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006353279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009535912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004160682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002263368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998506,0.00003992902,0.0002824623,0.0006032606,0.0003401167,0.0002282125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993873,0.00004290872,0.0001327134,0.0001371879,0.00008029868,0.0002195757],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003471359,0.00004646512,0.9774467,0.0000649445,0.00001026733,0.000001382491,0.001679755,0.0002678955,0.0002798033,0.000172095,0.001794367,0.01820158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004042772,0.0002805056,0.7175216,0.00004315971,0.00004760647,0.0000271547,0.001997366,0.2083387,0.000620093,0.001917384,0.06829599,0.0005061243],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904438,0.00110614,0.00047262,0.006045206,0.0003934655,0.0004088421,0.0002340271,0.00009032343,0.000805563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965058,0.001175821,0.001181267,0.0005011531,0.0002549807,0.000001986653,0.0002591239,0.000003601989,0.000116277],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2599251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6289735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108922337","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13028","title":"Net effects of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems: a meta‐analysis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":853,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Stressor; Freshwater ecosystem; Ecosystem; Cumulative effects; Ecology; Climate change; Environmental science; Environmental change; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Michelle C. Jackson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charlie J. G. Loewen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rolf D. Vinebrooke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian T. Chimimba","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1064053282593517,"gpt":0.3091816509158571,"spread":0.2027763226565055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003945931,0.000413873,0.003867564,0.0003237237,0.00001938342,0.00001618799,0.0004567551,0.0004612083,0.0008179637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004662559,0.0002610059,0.001031011,0.001046897,0.00004438936,0.00006015717,0.00007754279,0.000146739,0.0001694595],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002042353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007266709,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1609936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6269507,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997384,0.0008211687,0.000683759,0.000505508,0.000148456,0.00045718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987624,0.000227814,0.0004333612,0.0003785893,0.00004789948,0.0001499265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002673973,0.00006127606,0.2201365,0.02363567,0.04849041,0.0001143453,0.00007209348,0.000006088477,7.807477e-9,0.00004075407,0.0006438248,0.7067723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001605398,0.0001775611,0.0002778962,0.000261193,0.03389446,0.00001186778,0.00001043481,0.0003188935,3.795547e-8,0.00004315765,0.9645579,0.0002860546],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002107123,0.9914669,0.000003162573,0.000005978022,0.0005029672,0.0008939011,0.005949526,0.00002140367,0.0009453861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01092452,0.9836505,0.00002833802,0.00002803258,0.0002367967,0.00008154097,0.004997059,0.000005601735,0.00004761027],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9639141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2772581529","doi":"10.1038/s41561-017-0028-x","title":"Influence of diatom diversity on the ocean biological carbon pump","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":824,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Diatom; Biological pump; Marine snow; Mesopelagic zone; Oceanography; Environmental science; Biogenic silica; Plankton; Carbon fibers; Phytoplankton; Carbon cycle; Productivity; Ecology; Geology; Nutrient; Water column; Pelagic zone; Biology; Ecosystem; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Paul Tréguer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris Bowler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brivaëla Moriceau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie Dutkiewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marion Gehlen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Aumont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucie Bittner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard C. Dugdale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zoe V. Finkel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniele Iudicone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oliver Jahn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lionel Guidi","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Lasbleiz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karine Leblanc","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marina Lévy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philippe Pondaven","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01318954502683147,"gpt":0.2060804000296844,"spread":0.1928908550028529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004621398,0.0000824552,0.0001046469,0.00002666929,0.0007975028,0.00005996661,0.001205742,0.0001068958,0.00007455249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004427214,0.00004336886,0.00003698888,0.0001042634,0.000328125,0.0001355534,0.000211036,0.0002991309,0.00001976167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002093843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002796895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01019113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001704612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991083,0.00004264572,0.00009192834,0.0002284268,0.0003268265,0.0002019377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991925,0.0001377141,0.0001373174,0.0004359262,0.0000437653,0.00005278803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001075146,0.000005828848,0.9977239,0.000003136997,0.000001561755,0.000005075545,0.00003889852,0.0001698903,0.00001713615,0.0004656545,0.00002619512,0.001531937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004474575,0.00008430556,0.9965053,0.00001091038,0.000001887651,0.00000244811,0.00002744093,0.001361347,0.0001007401,0.0005660473,0.001229294,0.00006558352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801426,0.00006388708,7.428796e-7,0.0005115311,0.0002244917,0.00009072309,0.000037639,0.00001242259,0.01891597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994048,0.00002211988,0.000006097661,0.0003728068,0.00003563688,1.326837e-7,0.000002294405,5.447639e-7,0.0001555951],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01926218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2195352021","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2015.07.009","title":"Harmful algal blooms and climate change: Learning from the past and present to forecast the future","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harmful Algae","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":790,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; National Institute on Aging; North Pacific Marine Science Organization; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Algal bloom; Climate change; Environmental science; Oceanography; Ecology; Climatology; Fishery; Biology; Phytoplankton; Geology; Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Mark L. Wells","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vera L. Trainer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Theodore J. Smayda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bengt Karlson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles G. Trick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Raphael M. Kudela","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akira Ishikawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stewart Bernard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angela Wulff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald M. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"William P. Cochlan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02924462467447274,"gpt":0.2106937680560296,"spread":0.1814491433815569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004436709,0.0001690508,0.000160046,0.00002446576,0.0003265498,0.0002628474,0.0002313676,0.00005201955,0.000384665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002564435,0.00008845948,0.0000314168,0.0001295911,0.00005840495,0.0001721585,0.0001547342,0.0002321072,0.0001777301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002310167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001403623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009180013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0139646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988266,0.0001445302,0.0001610778,0.0002915945,0.0002279216,0.0003482972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999284,0.0001426096,0.00006732376,0.0002059192,0.00004520356,0.0002549734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008094767,0.000006206512,0.7265669,0.00001248874,0.00002227193,0.00001132656,0.002722624,0.00005589181,0.000003193031,0.00004389925,0.007046897,0.2634274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003917122,0.0001818344,0.5891411,0.00002187359,0.00003112614,0.00004351821,0.005123612,0.01136859,0.000008154803,0.0001396763,0.3933662,0.0001826013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770721,0.003655063,0.00001993424,0.0117859,0.0006147218,0.0005261836,0.000127347,0.00004961492,0.0061492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956548,0.0003507554,0.00005364434,0.001106517,0.00244714,0.00001425682,0.00008661316,0.000007255629,0.0002790847],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3863193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1914782372","doi":"10.1002/lno.10203","title":"Pluses and minuses of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton and implications for productivity and community composition, with emphasis on nitrogen-enriched conditions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":726,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Nutrient; Assimilation (phonology); Eutrophication; Nitrate; Nitrogen assimilation; Photosynthesis; Nitrogen cycle; Biology; Environmental chemistry; Primary producers; Ecology; Productivity; Nitrogen; Botany; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Patricia M. Glibert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frances P. Wilkerson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard C. Dugdale","is_ca":false},{"name":"John A. Raven","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher L. Dupont","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter R. Leavitt","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexander E. Parker","is_ca":false},{"name":"JoAnn M. Burkholder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Todd M. Kana","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02334416110151445,"gpt":0.2312033132542509,"spread":0.2078591521527364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001943738,0.0001226572,0.0002005679,0.0001112489,0.000428742,0.00004401178,0.00003009089,0.0000744065,0.000001591496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001658789,0.00009968623,0.00001040802,0.0001171265,0.0004886009,0.0001915009,0.0000175876,0.0001105619,6.289498e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.423073e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001318097,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002921609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00246346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993784,0.0001178823,0.0001347977,0.0002042443,0.00004155852,0.0001230453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993881,0.0002476791,0.00009153009,0.0001020847,0.00006357708,0.0001070367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000268242,0.00004533268,0.9948644,0.00008082748,0.00005463749,2.725072e-7,0.0004025648,0.000001649807,0.0001785206,0.0002402157,0.0001945137,0.003668809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008500315,0.001064328,0.9918143,0.00001766279,0.00007782417,0.00008610977,0.0007079818,0.000143131,0.0004148608,0.004200086,0.0004946952,0.0001289871],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961377,0.002040529,0.00006726171,0.0005737886,0.00001864561,0.0002929452,0.0006464658,0.00001857787,0.0002041363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989927,0.0004202797,0.0002019425,0.00008057636,0.00001308853,0.000007335757,0.0002748141,0.000002948429,0.000006258219],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003959871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4065087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073307266","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2007.11.003","title":"Particulate organic carbon fluxes to the ocean interior and factors controlling the biological pump: A synthesis of global sediment trap programs since 1983","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress In Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":659,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mesopelagic zone; Sediment trap; Oceanography; Ocean gyre; Biological pump; Water column; Subarctic climate; Geology; Water mass; Environmental science; Diel vertical migration; Zooplankton; Marine snow; Biogeochemical cycle; Bathyal zone; Photic zone; Flux (metallurgy); Pelagic zone; Phytoplankton; Carbon cycle; Benthic zone; Chemistry; Subtropics; Ecology; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Susumu Honjo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven J. Manganini","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Krishfield","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roger François","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01645763941465034,"gpt":0.211725877454585,"spread":0.1952682380399346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003857863,0.0001926393,0.0002963337,0.00005269326,0.0001592944,0.00006368115,0.0003220084,0.00006080652,0.00002373619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003805249,0.00009251342,0.00009784144,0.0006736204,0.0003570406,0.00005615786,0.00005457034,0.0001134941,0.000001793046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004276231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002123434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003315951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001780191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985575,0.000180118,0.000356758,0.0002828324,0.0002560866,0.0003667192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993935,0.0001674546,0.0001160861,0.0001848744,0.0000341423,0.0001039854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008847062,0.00003841854,0.9830097,0.00001979312,0.00004802083,0.000009979924,0.000440997,0.00001761157,0.000002637408,0.00001362069,0.000005038947,0.01630569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002287596,0.0004349931,0.9938944,0.00007840036,0.00003025638,0.00002754201,0.0007722751,0.003469239,0.0003924362,0.00005714508,0.000438322,0.0001762474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996733,0.001786472,0.000004693376,0.0004736613,0.0001261929,0.0006523438,0.00002985767,0.00003796479,0.0001557769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997252,0.0001148818,0.00004024787,0.00005930426,0.00003755638,0.0000101574,0.000007417222,0.000003486644,0.000001713774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01612944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3772587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972259038","doi":"10.1038/nature01165","title":"Respiration in the open ocean","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":640,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Abyssal zone; Sink (geography); Environmental science; Mesopelagic zone; Respiration; Carbon sink; Carbon cycle; Primary production; Organic matter; Biota; Oceanography; Carbon fibers; Ecology; Pelagic zone; Ecosystem; Geology; Biology; Climate change; Botany; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Paul A. del Giorgio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Carlos M. Duarte","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04395020479222136,"gpt":0.2916766435329612,"spread":0.2477264387407398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004630806,0.0001340247,0.0003794411,0.00006446883,0.00005421711,0.0001991914,0.0009475157,0.0008494714,0.001368387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003110615,0.00006777141,0.00008163691,0.0003703488,0.000006716834,0.0001154495,0.00002795742,0.001881239,0.0002721356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002833017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004591651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001084404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01099863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99906,0.0002287107,0.0002092268,0.0001942463,0.0001791146,0.0001286391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999524,0.00009498309,0.0001020204,0.0002472445,0.00000936561,0.0000223603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[7.044813e-7,0.000003197823,0.0001316205,0.0006347832,0.00000362786,0.0000167851,0.00001636173,0.000001211051,6.560423e-11,0.00007131029,0.02255277,0.9765676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003198972,0.00002257106,0.0001362601,0.0007159594,0.00001993515,0.00002497519,0.000007607097,0.00004449057,1.35197e-9,0.00007125668,0.9988334,0.0000915433],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000214031,0.8232763,7.064546e-8,0.00008783483,0.0001939227,0.0004854441,0.00005290502,0.000005322333,0.175896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002146217,0.9964416,0.000007148175,0.000553828,0.0002466306,0.00000196935,0.0004208513,0.000002708484,0.002110644],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9764761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923597814","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-09100-5","title":"Eutrophication will increase methane emissions from lakes and impoundments during the 21st century","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":617,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Minnesota Sea Grant, University of Minnesota; Hydro-Québec; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Eutrophication; Environmental science; Lake ecosystem; Greenhouse gas; Aquatic ecosystem; Productivity; Methane; Climate change; Population; Nutrient; Ecosystem; Ecology; Environmental protection; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jake J. Beaulieu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tonya DelSontro","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Downing","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007548697684848971,"gpt":0.222165859618763,"spread":0.214617161933914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001623081,0.00009471984,0.0001045762,0.00004109016,0.0003421141,0.00006741595,0.0006613487,0.0001145778,0.0005639262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006202958,0.00006352122,0.00003337301,0.0001810788,0.00005499808,0.0002108829,0.0001479968,0.0005018681,0.00008802144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005573674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003045858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003096949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01240807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992279,0.0001756938,0.0001564239,0.0001609961,0.0001468435,0.0001321165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983313,0.0003538057,0.00008862195,0.001094472,0.00004411659,0.00008768722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000375497,0.00005184734,0.9806367,0.00002440816,0.000069801,9.82615e-7,0.0004440157,0.00002177985,0.002778829,0.00263035,0.0003068946,0.01299682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002894223,0.00001885657,0.8127074,0.0000313014,0.00002914354,0.00001079371,0.0008879759,0.001747841,0.00005073548,0.000473176,0.1836096,0.0001437863],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957523,0.01165671,7.709621e-7,0.003243828,0.0001646526,0.0002726231,0.000226289,0.00003941514,0.02687271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947262,0.003728365,0.0001956906,0.0002374423,0.00005422622,0.000004719334,0.0006153919,0.000003480788,0.0004345258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1833027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6923994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160057756","doi":"10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1159","title":"Unraveling the role of land use and microbial activity in shaping dissolved organic matter characteristics in stream ecosystems","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":611,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Florida International University","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; STREAMS; Environmental chemistry; Wetland; Environmental science; Water quality; Humus; Organic matter; Chemistry; Ecology; Soil water; Soil science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Clayton J. Williams","is_ca":true},{"name":"Youhei Yamashita","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry F. Wilson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rudolf Jaffé","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marguerite A. Xenopoulos","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00716156090071264,"gpt":0.1756396845953411,"spread":0.1684781236946284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002023001,0.00009843447,0.0002028471,0.0001498349,0.00005976941,0.00004083104,0.00008494437,0.0001149078,0.0001141062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001686216,0.00007054042,0.00002281198,0.0001729656,0.00009256262,0.0001363201,0.0000278788,0.0002647433,0.000003264377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.279513e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001066971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003155878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1161807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993373,0.00007043842,0.0001934831,0.0001704377,0.000040645,0.0001877597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996067,0.0001503841,0.00008342371,0.0001122671,0.00001222395,0.00003494542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000439735,0.00001460379,0.9926385,0.00002899179,0.00000951204,0.000003480584,0.0002220486,7.988193e-7,0.003371464,0.0000140474,0.000002371331,0.003650213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002199169,0.00003965462,0.9967923,0.00002506192,0.000006473088,0.00002150522,0.0001423882,0.001861487,0.0003827564,0.0001178233,0.0003080603,0.00008262453],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992806,0.0001391538,0.000002401499,0.0000765137,0.0001478348,0.0001160896,0.00005315084,0.000006465843,0.0001777502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997838,0.00009091351,0.00001480995,0.00004453195,0.00003577101,6.054242e-7,0.00001999372,0.000002578828,0.000006994548],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1130249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8999467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979957360","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01960.x","title":"Increasing importance of small phytoplankton in a warmer ocean","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":604,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Trophic level; Primary producers; Ecology; Biomass (ecology); Plankton; Range (aeronautics); Oceanography; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Abundance (ecology); Marine ecosystem; Food web; Temperate climate; Allometry; Population; Relative species abundance; Biology; Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Xosé Anxelu G. Morán","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ángel López‐Urrutia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alejandra Calvo‐Díaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"William K. W. Li","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02976055350285448,"gpt":0.2371398479256269,"spread":0.2073792944227724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001833185,0.00008334514,0.0001786447,0.00003486688,0.00001608828,0.000004430186,0.0001198172,0.00007377532,0.0001894217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002109,0.0000679599,0.00002915169,0.0001838872,0.00002471233,0.00004390641,0.000009261355,0.00004654368,0.0000193846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005687662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001615114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01407431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02774116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993235,0.00006374386,0.0001778994,0.0001629946,0.00003962937,0.0002321822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997471,0.00001877138,0.0000729383,0.00009864345,0.00001388269,0.00004869281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005141157,0.0000096312,0.935513,0.000008736361,0.000002191129,0.00001022847,0.00003056487,6.235632e-7,0.000007601546,0.0001611511,0.00003419428,0.06417068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001723722,0.0002403221,0.995266,0.00001309047,0.000002928011,0.00003743009,0.00003613185,0.0003517722,0.00000494172,0.001551888,0.002241406,0.00008175593],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9794735,0.001083086,0.00000553671,0.0001672444,0.0001438786,0.0001060563,0.0001303485,0.00001478761,0.01887551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990833,0.00005038636,0.000097825,0.0005056363,0.0001312643,3.142846e-7,0.0001203587,6.061168e-7,0.00001032048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06408893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9924911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322732304","doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-05760-y","title":"Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":592,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Algal bloom; Phytoplankton; Bloom; Oceanography; Environmental science; Marine ecosystem; Subtropics; Red tide; Ecosystem; Northern Hemisphere; Fishery; Climatology; Ecology; Biology; Geology; Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Yanhui Dai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shangbo Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chuanmin Hu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wang Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald M. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yun Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiao‐Peng Song","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel G. Boyce","is_ca":true},{"name":"Luke Gibson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chunmiao Zheng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lian Feng","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007485161655864243,"gpt":0.2082837487631811,"spread":0.2007985871073169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002322108,0.00007788503,0.0000925509,0.00006163784,0.00006409059,0.00005653348,0.0001295088,0.000238731,0.0001491664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003191574,0.00004662356,0.00002055136,0.00032289,0.00002568887,0.00007523708,0.00002015062,0.0007726364,0.00008365339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":6.484048e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001165982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008981567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02262594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993687,0.00004276156,0.00008685231,0.0001477128,0.00016921,0.0001848135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997265,0.00009390112,0.00002164556,0.0001076699,0.00001345356,0.00003684704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005298608,0.00001376647,0.7900516,0.00007041397,0.00001285162,0.0002175953,0.001313051,0.00004389564,0.00003969096,0.0005186148,0.01696754,0.190698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000256438,0.00005833901,0.7836222,0.00002310572,0.000004422599,0.00006929829,0.004981583,0.001382596,0.00001573983,0.0002965977,0.2091782,0.0001115354],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9539787,0.001555484,1.902235e-7,0.001052888,0.0004543186,0.0001275003,0.0001000093,0.00003744105,0.04269349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979514,0.0004802276,0.000004326524,0.0009281074,0.0001423194,9.553103e-7,0.0001767418,0.000001741089,0.0003141241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1922106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9952086,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067590146","doi":"10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01052.x","title":"EVOLUTION OF AN ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER MEDIUM: IMPROVEMENTS IN ENRICHED SEAWATER, ARTIFICIAL WATER OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Phycology","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":582,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Artificial seawater; Phytoplankton; Emiliania huxleyi; Biology; Oceanography; Ecology; Nutrient; Geology","authors":[{"name":"John A. Berges","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel J. Franklin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Harrison","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01405475425264419,"gpt":0.2441947176689716,"spread":0.2301399634163274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001012499,0.0001218001,0.000289464,0.0002205698,0.0000735814,0.00003340147,0.0002768168,0.00008832547,0.002848201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002038121,0.0000648806,0.00008407987,0.0001691865,0.00008114619,0.0003229984,0.00002850998,0.0002447381,0.00003914021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000193638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000801382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005323026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06199598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982532,0.0002662177,0.000692944,0.000138709,0.0002963392,0.0003525407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993572,0.0000681548,0.0002582453,0.0001251977,0.00009988944,0.00009133724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00124422,0.0003688814,0.7818296,0.00003379439,0.00009188854,0.0002371483,0.001306098,0.004864559,0.1421975,0.0001544954,0.0003229154,0.06734888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001354431,0.001866101,0.9499856,0.00002007892,0.00005895095,0.0003102384,0.001136313,0.009511564,0.01803193,0.01157497,0.005910735,0.0002390802],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976543,0.0000443428,0.00006939431,0.000278658,0.0009367226,0.000126217,0.000004495898,0.000004247555,0.0008816664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990517,0.00001100231,0.00003197186,0.0001135248,0.0007066742,9.817705e-7,0.00001250372,0.000003866024,0.00006780838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.168156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162713835","doi":"10.1029/2007gb002934","title":"Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":582,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Arctic; Environmental science; Spring (device); Total organic carbon; Flux (metallurgy); Oceanography; Hydrology (agriculture); Temperate climate; Period (music); Geology; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Peter A. Raymond","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. W. McClelland","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. M. Holmes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander V. Zhulidov","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kari Mull","is_ca":false},{"name":"B. J. Peterson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert G. Striegl","is_ca":false},{"name":"George R. Aiken","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana Gurtovaya","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007387830685851321,"gpt":0.2015343302233107,"spread":0.1941464995374594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002310632,0.0001479491,0.0002443034,0.0000264015,0.00006021802,0.00001561909,0.0003256076,0.00006450293,0.00005839319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001242872,0.00008695985,0.00005771261,0.0004594245,0.0001119983,0.00002346834,0.0001100875,0.0001064507,0.000002164786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001286048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002361755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05611522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0505857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998792,0.00006384283,0.0003134618,0.0002487307,0.0003099909,0.0002719854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992986,0.000101456,0.0001198166,0.0003104251,0.00005299458,0.0001167626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006504286,0.00007122735,0.9968435,0.00003960457,0.00004157037,0.00001119537,0.0003994773,0.000007649929,0.001589169,0.000008638274,0.00002086833,0.0009020315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003892202,0.0002360072,0.9935122,0.00004129109,0.00006762359,0.00001226247,0.002293674,0.0001858372,0.002652826,0.0003732007,0.0001136315,0.0001222785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973527,0.0001778891,5.355836e-7,0.0001494474,0.000127618,0.0004433981,0.0001028197,0.00001320302,0.001632457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998158,0.00000603655,0.00001011719,0.00005938336,0.00004593095,7.440393e-7,0.00003585373,0.000002351476,0.00002383515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005529522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9667386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094785557","doi":"10.1029/1999gb900059","title":"Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":553,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Victoria; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Upwelling; Phytoplankton; Photic zone; New production; Nitrate; Environmental science; Iron fertilization; Flux (metallurgy); Oceanography; Nutrient; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Inez Fung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie K. Meyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ina Tegen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Scott C. Doney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasmin G. John","is_ca":false},{"name":"James K. B. Bishop","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005355613089244463,"gpt":0.19220593755947,"spread":0.1868503244702256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001287992,0.00009606653,0.0001003248,0.00001151485,0.00005271231,0.00005925257,0.000167515,0.00005877701,0.001552429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001003716,0.000060137,0.00003074112,0.0001418101,0.00006662675,0.00005712474,0.00001116123,0.00007079005,0.0001344612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002413027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007950996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006961755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004159913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992726,0.00004467125,0.000131083,0.0001836121,0.0001411038,0.0002268769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997544,0.00004437523,0.00001418556,0.0001119055,0.000004645422,0.00007043922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002509316,0.00001023712,0.9083066,0.000007759106,0.00000188431,0.00001059291,0.00003048903,0.000008606396,0.00001279523,0.00005302567,0.001291443,0.09024149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002622011,0.0000506237,0.9530859,0.00001537685,0.00000781478,0.00009691253,0.0001768305,0.0005912188,0.0001181457,0.004942009,0.04049351,0.0001594805],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.953229,0.0007781317,1.841977e-7,0.0006539328,0.00002251801,0.00008245985,0.0002417478,0.0000153833,0.04497662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991191,0.0001303457,0.00003866138,0.0004741338,0.00006099208,3.941261e-7,0.0001439946,8.149253e-7,0.00003158085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09008201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168030205","doi":"10.1038/nature02437","title":"The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":534,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Dalhousie University; University of British Columbia; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Iron fertilization; Silicic acid; Bloom; Algal bloom; Biogeochemical cycle; Oceanography; Diatom; Biogenic silica; Phytoplankton; Mixed layer; Environmental science; Particulates; Subarctic climate; Sediment; Thermocline; Environmental chemistry; Nutrient; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Philip W. Boyd","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cliff S. Law","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. S. Wong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yukihiro Nojiri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Atsushi Tsuda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maurice Levasseur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shigenobu Takeda","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard B. Rivkin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul J. Harrison","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert F. Strzepek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jim Gower","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Michael L. McKay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward R. Abraham","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Arychuk","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Barwell-Clarke","is_ca":true},{"name":"William R. Crawford","is_ca":true},{"name":"David W. Crawford","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle S. Hale","is_ca":true},{"name":"Koh Harada","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith Johnson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hiroshi Kiyosawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isao Kudo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adrian Marchetti","is_ca":true},{"name":"William L. Miller","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe Needoba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jun Nishioka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hiroshi Ogawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"J.S. Page","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marie Robert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hiroaki Saito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akash R. Sastri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nelson D. Sherry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tim Soutar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nes Sutherland","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yosuke Taira","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank A. Whitney","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shau-King Emmy Wong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Yoshimura","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005955621563140374,"gpt":0.2103774439905016,"spread":0.2044218224273612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001674255,0.00006857528,0.00008823324,0.00001839437,0.0001055049,0.00003476456,0.0001348979,0.0002065153,0.00005636469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002558911,0.00004052986,0.00002002363,0.0000897934,0.00002551354,0.00009013947,0.00001355699,0.000431955,0.000009236297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001177298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002713168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002143337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03214175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994727,0.00002415574,0.0001036359,0.0001197117,0.0001487703,0.0001309806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.00004984501,0.00004744659,0.0001412252,0.00002360258,0.0000608472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003727233,0.00008919778,0.3275458,0.000236403,0.00005978727,0.00008381217,0.0005966407,0.0006669661,0.00216968,0.002663575,0.0004288003,0.6650866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001379458,0.000779327,0.9346171,0.00004777486,0.00003617969,0.0001298936,0.0003928458,0.002476806,0.004314869,0.00843627,0.04707323,0.0003162238],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925275,0.001131702,0.000001309618,0.000738338,0.0002057742,0.00007969908,0.00002328256,0.00001289935,0.005279456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993045,0.00006955603,0.00005951624,0.0002929814,0.0001010988,3.083277e-7,0.00003154338,0.000001703822,0.0001388133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6647704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9855192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134568103","doi":"10.4319/lo.2002.47.2.0404","title":"Assessment of the relationships between dominant cell size in natural phytoplankton communities and the spectral shape of the absorption coefficient","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":520,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Absorption (acoustics); Spectral line; Chlorophyll a; Attenuation coefficient; Biological system; Absorption spectroscopy; Biology; Environmental science; Ecology; Botany; Physics; Nutrient; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Áurea Maria Ciotti","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marlon R. Lewis","is_ca":true},{"name":"John J. Cullen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01292361721901207,"gpt":0.192241104614124,"spread":0.1793174873951119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003596814,0.00007367328,0.0001554193,0.00004962699,0.0002179118,0.00001111568,0.0001768482,0.00005875583,0.0000766237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001530154,0.00003395215,0.00005338787,0.0002357166,0.0005418982,0.00004234266,0.00004134407,0.0003106147,5.890254e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.534226e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007575073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006505806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003915739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991338,0.0003792153,0.0001993392,0.00007451834,0.00009782296,0.000115262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990556,0.0006240926,0.0001280113,0.0001641137,0.00001372169,0.00001448456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001825434,0.00001267838,0.997501,0.00002413257,0.00001096477,2.02471e-7,0.0009515423,0.00003898052,0.000009782719,0.0008039575,0.00001563532,0.0006128245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005090317,0.00007215738,0.9904684,0.00002465587,0.00002144714,0.000007104415,0.00161084,0.00622551,0.00008083291,0.0008220402,0.0001147574,0.00004324254],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992685,0.001208175,0.00000165682,0.0005064268,0.0001305006,0.000189759,0.00002285755,0.000003179192,0.005252486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995795,0.0002654699,0.00001167585,0.00005230844,0.00001452898,8.318551e-7,0.000004637372,0.000001082783,0.00006991487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007032664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2185074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139324602","doi":"10.4319/lo.2007.52.3.1208","title":"Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon: An analysis of 7,500 widely distributed lakes","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":516,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Surface runoff; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Altitude (triangle); Hydrology (agriculture); Precipitation; Soil carbon; Soil water; Ecology; Soil science; Geology; Biology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Sebastian Sobek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lars J. Tranvik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yves T. Prairie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pirkko Kortelainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan J. Cole","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006313615584630336,"gpt":0.1912036218131658,"spread":0.1848900062285355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002211582,0.00008400492,0.000256842,0.0003220422,0.00004410491,0.000007036721,0.00006312599,0.00009105777,0.0001281979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008995779,0.00007006809,0.00005120213,0.0006453235,0.000100705,0.00007819748,0.0000113191,0.00005311737,1.445473e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.981547e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006398459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001218356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0430851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993135,0.00004461227,0.0002523959,0.0001674711,0.00007743595,0.0001445444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995512,0.00008342849,0.0001299511,0.0001308354,0.0000380358,0.00006655983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005850798,0.00001490261,0.9959416,0.00002643004,0.0001867893,0.000001838197,0.0001360872,0.00002714175,0.0001799219,0.00009152228,0.00000136689,0.003333823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001449965,0.0002254628,0.9925627,0.00000615499,0.0002225243,0.000003489319,0.0003767064,0.005781373,0.0003876191,0.0001725791,0.00004256132,0.00007381068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987615,0.0002738779,0.0003709058,0.00002517357,0.00004341293,0.00005580565,0.0001522926,0.00001393216,0.0003030437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999429,0.00007739534,0.00003252236,0.00001585251,0.00001397979,1.054357e-7,0.0004205281,0.000001429201,0.000009160231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04186675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9743761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045053713","doi":"10.1007/s10021-015-9848-y","title":"Ecosystem Consequences of Changing Inputs of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter to Lakes: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosystems","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":514,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Ecosystem; Terrestrial ecosystem; Environmental science; Ecology; Ecosystem services; Environmental resource management; Dissolved organic carbon; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Christopher T. Solomon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart E. Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian C. Weidel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ishi Buffam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Megan L. Fork","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Karlsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Søren Erik Larsen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jay T. Lennon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jordan S. Read","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven Sadro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasmine E. Saros","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02834193760544504,"gpt":0.2329345982615619,"spread":0.2045926606561169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007705867,0.0002158235,0.0005672374,0.0002517228,0.00005202159,0.00003586211,0.0002613528,0.00008990388,0.000319325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002989348,0.0001687438,0.00006451888,0.0003030501,0.00003174649,0.000158859,0.00005668241,0.00009603555,0.0002084141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009804232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001174278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000438927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02831426,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982536,0.0002078997,0.0006047238,0.0003295579,0.0002707266,0.0003334344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989656,0.00009291933,0.0002880095,0.0002702984,0.00009602257,0.000287172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007081874,0.0003382524,0.7525351,0.01157965,0.0004347346,0.00003546033,0.0366678,0.0001823032,0.001985214,0.0007227435,0.01219582,0.1826147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004825657,0.002652435,0.0404873,0.004393096,0.0001912233,0.0003878968,0.03154109,0.01162023,0.0048153,0.0003328405,0.8966578,0.002095169],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720837,0.0139975,0.00002814519,0.000494998,0.004360035,0.0005901485,0.0002501513,0.00003531096,0.008159954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981951,0.0002765602,0.00001774779,0.000009159554,0.001351022,0.000006953804,0.00004004683,0.000008086738,0.00009530462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8844619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9894165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029335088","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.006","title":"Acclimation and toxicity of high ammonium concentrations to unicellular algae","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":501,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Dinophyceae; Chlorophyceae; Ammonium; Toxicity; Algae; Biology; EC50; Environmental chemistry; Ammonia; Acclimatization; Botany; Chemistry; Chlorophyta; Ecology; Biochemistry; Phytoplankton; In vitro","authors":[{"name":"Yves Collos","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Harrison","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01520002093319211,"gpt":0.2275249609215095,"spread":0.2123249399883174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000361014,0.0002540661,0.0008386216,0.0001213047,0.00009786456,0.00005470462,0.0001928916,0.0001609199,0.004251028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006574109,0.0002160319,0.0001149692,0.0002351081,0.0000438123,0.00003483867,0.00008498322,0.0001485026,0.0004156685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001135804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005565863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008320729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001936169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983844,0.000216027,0.0006196533,0.0003302384,0.0002096769,0.0002400314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990929,0.000102623,0.0003381675,0.0002584343,0.00004582752,0.0001620093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001092544,0.00001502455,0.0002138841,0.002375648,0.00003010898,0.000001210333,0.000007967351,0.00001982505,9.415116e-7,0.0004172453,0.006967021,0.9899402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001089501,0.00008515333,0.000329534,0.0004482434,0.0001063033,0.00001403075,0.000005127035,0.0001235829,0.00001013427,0.0000426921,0.9985097,0.0002165418],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007782741,0.975995,0.001020126,0.001266769,0.0004913806,0.001404683,0.001100336,0.00007799076,0.01786543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01541991,0.9791727,0.0003906245,0.0001722426,0.0001631099,0.00001181329,0.002236847,0.00001102902,0.002421733],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9915427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123944661","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135111","title":"Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers: Enduring Enigma or Mystery Solved?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annual Review of Marine Science","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":496,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Biogeochemical cycle; Deep chlorophyll maximum; Oceanography; Biomass (ecology); Trophic level; Environmental science; Plankton; Chlorophyll a; Nutrient; Ecology; Biology; Photic zone; Botany; Geology","authors":[{"name":"John J. Cullen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02473966714009555,"gpt":0.2830524748066102,"spread":0.2583128076665147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003978965,0.0007153328,0.00319311,0.0003510659,0.0002488848,0.0001336289,0.002492508,0.0001682219,0.004294432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008454965,0.0004516156,0.0006585752,0.002075533,0.0004696796,0.0007125261,0.0007840121,0.0004934802,0.0009769271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002674764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001192699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002066314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001169591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944875,0.000322384,0.001775938,0.001119243,0.001355043,0.0009399367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962963,0.0004606811,0.001257615,0.001214202,0.0003397064,0.0004314658],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005536093,0.00001341841,0.0001489778,0.1380627,0.00002183992,0.00002440476,0.00001465724,0.000001414858,6.193529e-8,0.00002035111,0.0004904193,0.8611962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007586744,0.0002425015,0.0001342272,0.06249979,0.0002086482,0.0001766544,0.00002519254,0.00003576613,0.000001289093,0.00003250307,0.93603,0.0005376199],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002449538,0.9450678,0.00001347993,0.00003688601,0.0008383781,0.001047462,0.0002323573,0.00005337822,0.05268582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001267062,0.9961119,0.000403204,0.0002596352,0.0002834883,0.00001387258,0.0001665447,0.00001923407,0.00261547],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9355395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128691780","doi":"10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.037004517.x","title":"FLUORESCENCE‐BASED MAXIMAL QUANTUM YIELD FOR PSII AS A DIAGNOSTIC OF NUTRIENT STRESS","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Phycology","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":490,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorometer; Thalassiosira pseudonana; Photosynthesis; Nutrient; Quantum yield; DCMU; Biology; Fluorescence; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Phytoplankton; Photoinhibition; Photosystem II; Irradiance; Botany; Ecology; Physics; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Jean-Paul. Parkhill","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gary Maillet","is_ca":true},{"name":"John J. Cullen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0210638313556783,"gpt":0.2405512702507516,"spread":0.2194874388950733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002999303,0.00009143694,0.000307266,0.0001373019,0.00004778224,0.00001309169,0.0002194379,0.00007185579,0.003234171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004680725,0.00006922629,0.0001369879,0.0001298002,0.00004952646,0.00009022046,0.000009049497,0.000125278,0.00001658908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004490002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001529534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007504734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001199355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989742,0.00005627454,0.0004509476,0.00009885566,0.0001894651,0.0002302582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981074,0.001134719,0.0003951659,0.00009102035,0.0001548717,0.0001168019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001885958,0.0004254575,0.9306399,0.0002225435,0.0001002862,0.0004840592,0.0001426466,0.00325711,0.0007433771,0.0009311606,0.005407089,0.05576036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006752023,0.02806401,0.7534997,0.000658289,0.0003315775,0.001799254,0.001540326,0.06921326,0.007976959,0.01457469,0.1148324,0.0007575015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992551,0.0004125159,0.001357151,0.0006254867,0.0009739943,0.0002343715,0.00007135437,0.0000055397,0.003768616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991116,0.00008742412,0.0002919321,0.000145577,0.0002722977,0.000001490687,0.000009154942,0.000002586043,0.00007791689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1771402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146203182","doi":"10.5194/bg-7-1443-2010","title":"Natural and human-induced hypoxia and consequences for coastal areas: synthesis and future development","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":482,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Hypoxia (environmental); Ecosystem; Environmental science; Upwelling; Sustainability; Estuary; Ecology; Food web; Marine ecosystem; Oceanography; Environmental resource management; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"J. Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denis Gilbert","is_ca":true},{"name":"A.J. Gooday","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa A. Levin","is_ca":false},{"name":"S.W.A. Naqvi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jack J. Middelburg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary I. Scranton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Werner Ekau","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Angélica Peña","is_ca":true},{"name":"Boris Dewitte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Temel Oǧuz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pedro M. S. Monteiro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ed Urban","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nancy N. Rabalais","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. Ittekkot","is_ca":false},{"name":"W. Michael Kemp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Osvaldo Ulloa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ragnar Elmgren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elva Escobar‐Briones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anja K. van der Plas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01374939377600592,"gpt":0.2126456635598774,"spread":0.1988962697838715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003680608,0.0001371854,0.0001562023,0.00007484217,0.0005649884,0.0002287476,0.0001309868,0.00006369351,0.00008368059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006385404,0.00009428321,0.00001641987,0.0001072671,0.0003835962,0.0002434943,0.00003256773,0.00008255867,0.000002321961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.183982e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007153673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004652821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07627936,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990599,0.00002135931,0.0001590136,0.0003460297,0.0001662977,0.0002474452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994794,0.0001990708,0.00006790654,0.00007267929,0.00003170221,0.00014926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000190209,0.000008711407,0.664914,0.00005577558,0.000009617024,0.000004815857,0.0002619798,2.944154e-8,0.01125775,0.0008158245,0.00006604284,0.3225865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001656749,0.0001341063,0.967068,0.00001997846,0.00001164839,0.0001233366,0.001410538,0.0002746905,0.003461067,0.0004997093,0.02655471,0.0002765454],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997288,0.0004371242,0.000002471339,0.0004482946,0.000517477,0.000186641,0.00007758001,0.00002310524,0.001019299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984149,0.0000554314,0.001180213,0.0000678377,0.0001692198,0.000006572146,0.00001461327,0.00000170979,0.00008953433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3223099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9405761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103510450","doi":"10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1763","title":"Coupled nitrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation of nitrate during assimilation by cultures of marine phytoplankton","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":473,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Ocean Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nitrate; Thalassiosira pseudonana; Thalassiosira weissflogii; Fractionation; Nitrogen assimilation; Phytoplankton; Environmental chemistry; Isotope fractionation; Stable isotope ratio; Nitrogen; Chemistry; Isotopes of nitrogen; Water column; Oceanography; Nutrient; Geology; Chromatography","authors":[{"name":"Julie Granger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel M. Sigman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph A. Needoba","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul J. Harrison","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004664001024880834,"gpt":0.1867255306676169,"spread":0.1820615296427361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007191187,0.00008005734,0.0001474546,0.0001136583,0.00007915124,0.000008402578,0.00004180944,0.00008604157,0.0000975364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007438987,0.00006737871,0.00002955124,0.0001454329,0.00008490723,0.0001410983,0.00001217319,0.00006963166,9.984939e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.911609e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009018885,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006740236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999486,0.00002336207,0.0001804704,0.0001325367,0.00007667341,0.0001009273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997165,0.00002691832,0.0001257194,0.00005905919,0.00003677298,0.00003505646],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000943569,0.00001728037,0.9961971,0.00006228214,0.00004359642,0.000001120273,0.00009354681,0.00009697895,0.001629238,0.0001434926,0.00002380675,0.001597182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006438144,0.0001776551,0.9873112,0.00001306803,0.00002192744,0.00002018374,0.0001410976,0.0004493526,0.006018074,0.004807577,0.0003080679,0.00008794542],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969684,0.0007653115,0.00003941871,0.0001340109,0.00005180804,0.00009560041,0.00005832237,0.00001380413,0.001873343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990399,0.0005845503,0.0001223732,0.00004287642,0.00001786366,6.985605e-7,0.0001623118,0.000001594737,0.00002776406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008885882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2747624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983782836","doi":"10.1038/nature02954","title":"Photosynthetic architecture differs in coastal and oceanic diatoms","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":469,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute","keywords":"Diatom; Phytoplankton; Photosynthesis; Oceanography; Algae; Prochlorococcus; Environmental science; Primary producers; Biology; Ecology; Nutrient; Botany; Cyanobacteria; Geology; Paleontology; Synechococcus","authors":[{"name":"Robert F. Strzepek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul J. Harrison","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002935080458309661,"gpt":0.1763994442218445,"spread":0.1734643637635349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007843112,0.0001084205,0.0001274176,0.00007363372,0.0000434515,0.00003356884,0.0001033915,0.0003280937,0.0002581997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002190222,0.00008097939,0.00002852864,0.0001592546,0.00003135369,0.00005910752,0.00001576153,0.0009582149,0.0000279581],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002752989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002724844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00149124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02796937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993255,0.00002251807,0.00009939386,0.0001970762,0.0001478873,0.0002075968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997462,0.00003673157,0.00002478143,0.0001012027,0.000007101289,0.00008397696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000110714,0.00004436439,0.8975251,0.0001301676,0.00001937192,0.0002064779,0.0005647964,0.001242995,0.0001838454,0.0003497139,0.0001794306,0.09944306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009183686,0.0001374082,0.9850899,0.00007216354,0.000007804126,0.0001370496,0.0001717571,0.0006908634,0.0003152477,0.005099489,0.007092308,0.000267644],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875162,0.0008874068,0.000009870614,0.0003633169,0.0001673432,0.0001207345,0.00006046103,0.00002574427,0.01084891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992635,0.00004309995,0.00005185146,0.0004449083,0.00005704073,5.441386e-7,0.00003727863,0.000002957104,0.00009882784],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09917541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9897677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127528125","doi":"10.5194/bg-7-1669-2010","title":"Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":458,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Pelagic zone; Nekton; Plankton; Trophic level; Biology; Ecology; Hypoxia (environmental); Water column; Zooplankton; Invertebrate; Benthic zone; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Oxygen; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Werner Ekau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Holger Auel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans‐Otto Pörtner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denis Gilbert","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01059007626379183,"gpt":0.1935737936508384,"spread":0.1829837173870466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002719986,0.00009691991,0.0001212455,0.00008085074,0.000150169,0.0001190276,0.0002408054,0.00004415541,0.0003496805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001066319,0.00005194038,0.0000091839,0.0002977282,0.0004283313,0.0001888696,0.00003062198,0.0001356615,0.00000224169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.621425e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005865996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03824956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4576087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999368,0.00004500765,0.0001322975,0.0001235701,0.0001613136,0.0001698717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993706,0.0003547823,0.00006937548,0.0001201123,0.00002759035,0.00005750694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000886599,0.000005102109,0.9947426,0.00005048592,0.000001465285,0.000001076495,0.0008912458,0.000001126917,0.0003884596,0.0001870839,0.00006251606,0.003659981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009730455,0.0001799672,0.9907107,0.00003839019,0.000003120408,0.00003123113,0.002987181,0.001313756,0.00183798,0.00168212,0.001009163,0.0001091085],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972686,0.0002250042,1.111158e-7,0.000433824,0.0001206373,0.000102879,0.000208264,0.000007865294,0.001632826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995434,0.0001477014,0.00002253033,0.0002240273,0.00002190367,4.413132e-7,0.00001506409,0.000001097829,0.00002383884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4193591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9681548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1528962908","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1985.10749478","title":"A model of annual plankton cycles","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Oceanography","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":458,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Plankton; Bloom; Subarctic climate; Phytoplankton; Mixed layer; Spring bloom; Oceanography; Environmental science; Algal bloom; Annual cycle; Spring (device); Geology; Climatology; Ecology; Biology; Nutrient; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Geoffrey T. Evans","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Parslow","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02581461334549306,"gpt":0.1980905127399668,"spread":0.1722758993944738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000870642,0.00009531219,0.0001649196,0.00007157549,0.00004058283,0.00001467191,0.0001706481,0.00008073264,0.001443331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001285656,0.00005705555,0.0001071344,0.0001738746,0.0000893593,0.0001044538,0.00001705343,0.00006192974,0.0001143091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.415838e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008245255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006166554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001519804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993078,0.00003612972,0.0001948019,0.0001609908,0.0001033953,0.0001968724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999648,0.00005600211,0.00006217136,0.0001064007,0.00003711432,0.00009029965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001739446,0.00002128563,0.9808139,0.000009544996,0.00001201228,7.914909e-7,0.00003125894,0.0002657975,0.00010485,0.0002217864,0.001647107,0.01685433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001695041,0.0004438365,0.9557006,0.000009532154,0.000004921696,0.000003805447,0.0002142045,0.03470149,0.0001007123,0.006252848,0.002204727,0.0001937583],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765069,0.0001766937,0.00008233344,0.00004796707,0.00005376153,0.0001285983,0.0002160801,0.00004225851,0.02274542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991271,0.00005272082,0.0005238568,0.0001290868,0.00003497197,0.000001297676,0.00007164261,0.000001050645,0.00005820667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03443569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087703702","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9452-8","title":"Patterns and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Boreal Streams: The Role of Processes, Connectivity, and Scaling","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosystems","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":444,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Wetland; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Boreal; STREAMS; Hydrology (agriculture); Drainage basin; Transect; Peat; Surface water; Ecology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Hjalmar Laudon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Berggren","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anneli Ågren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ishi Buffam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin Bishop","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Grabs","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mats Jansson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephan Köhler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007479233501788769,"gpt":0.1718886019721984,"spread":0.1644093684704097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003006068,0.0001005438,0.0002436426,0.00005400521,0.00002984525,0.00001589521,0.0001137567,0.00004926766,0.00005446811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003029855,0.00006941597,0.00001511525,0.0001516085,0.00002835081,0.00008168003,0.00003169059,0.0000726591,5.49426e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003708416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003762456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1401718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5988587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992158,0.00007028814,0.0002830703,0.0001654857,0.0001148614,0.0001504473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995032,0.0001166475,0.0001599003,0.0001359086,0.00003579802,0.00004856854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001807579,0.00001681612,0.9916,0.0003921181,0.00001278645,0.000001576844,0.0009950523,0.00000687459,0.00002293472,0.00005577049,4.103535e-7,0.006877635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002529619,0.0001506114,0.8497687,0.0001775591,0.00001724959,0.00002527254,0.00582238,0.1426791,0.0005697401,0.0003902853,0.00002301444,0.0001231191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925542,0.0006202683,0.000009160087,0.000007885627,0.00008228364,0.0002120037,0.0001285537,0.000008599486,0.006377054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999835,0.00008194579,0.000004188536,0.000001994275,0.00003186087,0.000001903094,0.00002754277,0.000003902088,0.00001165518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4586869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8655539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149463205","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.002019","title":"Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":440,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nutrition International; Université Laval","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Computer science; Software as a service; Inversion (geology); Satellite; Software; Algorithm; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geology; Software development","authors":[{"name":"P. Jeremy Werdell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bryan A. Franz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sean W. Bailey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gene C. Feldman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emmanuel Boss","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vittorio Brando","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Dowell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takafumi Hirata","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samantha Lavender","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhongping Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hubert Loisel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stéphane Maritorena","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frédéric Mélin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Timothy S. Moore","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tim Smyth","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Antoine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emmanuel Devred","is_ca":true},{"name":"Odile Hembise Fanton d’Andon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antoine Mangin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0269661047966137,"gpt":0.1895874805394785,"spread":0.1626213757428648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001381817,0.0001499849,0.0002034749,0.00004072542,0.0001367894,0.0001114629,0.0001626199,0.00008772097,0.0004642379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002522477,0.0001126581,0.00005075357,0.00009588771,0.00004231235,0.0001218641,0.00006825058,0.00009695208,0.0001869533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007205571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004378401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005033792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004567445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990048,0.000009509401,0.00025629,0.0002321004,0.0001800761,0.000317198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995005,0.00004684052,0.00006265579,0.0001745097,0.0000687483,0.0001468081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001651001,0.0002973569,0.05585646,0.001532717,0.0003177791,0.00001280179,0.001399245,0.3026218,0.006988932,0.06053175,0.06171246,0.5070777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004861136,0.00009576177,0.000795712,0.000008097956,0.00001847356,0.000001896574,0.000112593,0.9935924,0.0005796715,0.002701703,0.001413468,0.0001940506],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.953433,0.00003184974,0.002605566,0.0002788777,0.000141307,0.001110488,0.00001728388,0.0000743037,0.04230732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818689,0.00003067267,0.0145493,0.0002993291,0.0001164439,0.00001664918,0.0001105874,0.000008024899,0.00300013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6909707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5083079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966423332","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2019.101632","title":"Future HAB science: Directions and challenges in a changing climate","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harmful Algae","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":440,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Interreg; Göteborgs Universitet; Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Sight Research UK; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; North Pacific Marine Science Organization; Vetenskapsrådet; Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut","keywords":"Ocean acidification; Algal bloom; Climate change; Environmental science; Global warming; Ecology; Benthic zone; Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Environmental resource management; Nutrient; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Mark L. Wells","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bengt Karlson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angela Wulff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raphael M. Kudela","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles G. Trick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Valentina Asnaghi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elisa Berdalet","is_ca":false},{"name":"William P. Cochlan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Keith Davidson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maarten De Rijcke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie Dutkiewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin J. Flynn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cathérine Legrand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans W. Paerl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joe Silke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sanna Suikkanen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter A. Thompson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vera L. Trainer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01625631633960358,"gpt":0.2027344668374635,"spread":0.1864781504978599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004951139,0.00008265,0.0001152955,0.0003206844,0.000147915,0.0000661524,0.0001114917,0.00003165127,0.0009294432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006854329,0.00006818702,0.00001817996,0.0004953612,0.00003860993,0.0002699927,0.00004341497,0.00008952379,0.0003098562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003595362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002597779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004378492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006124272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990888,0.00002121852,0.00010428,0.0002603901,0.0001306841,0.0003946903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997202,0.00002450032,0.00003012242,0.000126329,0.00001813422,0.0000806927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001599655,0.00001176426,0.5098113,0.0001046332,0.00000400235,0.000008348755,0.0009428877,0.0000277178,0.00005169284,0.00184246,0.00001936199,0.4871598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003192593,0.00008770161,0.8507582,0.00004749679,0.000003864528,0.00004837258,0.00452349,0.009022578,0.00004938079,0.0001411165,0.1347961,0.0002024685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8241598,0.004663978,5.445326e-7,0.0007396077,0.0005191715,0.0001437385,0.00001344635,0.00003745434,0.1697223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941604,0.005218777,0.00003808027,0.000065384,0.0001352979,0.000001886228,0.000007410164,0.000002261469,0.0003705676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4869574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153082073","doi":"10.5194/bg-6-2985-2009","title":"Temporal responses of coastal hypoxia to nutrient loading and physical controls","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":437,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Maryland Sea Grant, University of Maryland; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; California HIV/AIDS Research Program; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Eutrophication; Hypoxia (environmental); Nutrient; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Organic matter; Ecology; Environmental remediation; Aquatic ecosystem; Biology; Contamination; Oxygen; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"W. Michael Kemp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy M. Testa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel J. Conley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denis Gilbert","is_ca":true},{"name":"James D. Hagy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01423671801117197,"gpt":0.2265719504974917,"spread":0.2123352324863197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002964761,0.00009633063,0.0001894063,0.0001069642,0.0001131445,0.00006614574,0.0001746936,0.00002223769,0.0000589152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000094701,0.00006896731,0.0000477834,0.0003415306,0.0001129513,0.0001704061,0.00001778015,0.00003689967,0.00002172525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001110012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004548226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004939067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002239131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990352,0.00004667295,0.0001696903,0.0002379674,0.0002781309,0.0002323599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994978,0.0001406725,0.00006739331,0.00009906483,0.00002921021,0.0001658084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002661393,0.00006967247,0.8872727,0.00001141392,0.00000580361,0.00001329629,0.0005376598,0.00001311941,0.009689229,0.001102674,0.0003187603,0.1006996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002764908,0.001654944,0.9826643,0.00002965874,0.000008519576,0.0000190651,0.0006673721,0.002560475,0.002579339,0.001231273,0.008113893,0.000194694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948482,0.000157763,0.00005108935,0.0004096805,0.0001205034,0.0001513741,0.0001318324,0.00001943768,0.004110121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992923,0.000007219544,0.0002201342,0.0001739772,0.00007579784,5.819029e-7,0.000006930424,7.649246e-7,0.0002222795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1005049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7466424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3058227715","doi":"10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0","title":"Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Current Climate Change Reports","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":436,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Earth system science; Biogeochemical cycle; Coupled model intercomparison project; Environmental science; Oceanography; Current (fluid); Climate model; Earth science; Climate change; Geology; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Roland Séférian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah Berthet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Yool","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julien Palmiéri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laurent Bopp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Tagliabue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lester Kwiatkowski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Olivier Aumont","is_ca":false},{"name":"James R. Christian","is_ca":true},{"name":"John P. Dunne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marion Gehlen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatiana Ilyina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jasmin G. John","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongmei Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew C. Long","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica Y. Luo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hideyuki Nakano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anastasia Romanou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jörg Schwinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles A. Stock","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yeray Santana‐Falcón","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yohei Takano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jerry Tjiputra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hiroyuki Tsujino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michio Watanabe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tongwen Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fanghua Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Yamamoto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1050970571089611,"gpt":0.3130691414347941,"spread":0.207972084325833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004322125,0.0005485088,0.001708537,0.0001740765,0.00007802993,0.000124784,0.0001672167,0.0002351644,0.0004727987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004601841,0.0004517823,0.0002348291,0.0004396684,0.00003321959,0.0001465912,0.000225807,0.0005109867,0.00002939073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002512226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007457643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001114917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004280177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969312,0.00006496676,0.001238468,0.0008753882,0.0003105527,0.0005794474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984127,0.00008894897,0.0008186611,0.0003571463,0.00003300808,0.0002895164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001863087,0.00001543023,0.07237045,0.02203611,0.00002699394,0.0003909833,0.00003389535,3.747628e-7,5.984302e-8,3.253164e-7,0.00001690272,0.9051066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001287458,0.0000670483,0.002839636,0.006541957,0.0002754695,0.0002221218,0.0000236598,0.0002455929,8.311673e-7,0.00003069661,0.9889976,0.0006266537],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001813335,0.9930864,5.294478e-7,0.00001187067,0.0006793764,0.001117163,0.000531128,0.00007293481,0.002687292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00695111,0.9855948,0.000006488704,0.000009079232,0.0007646696,0.00002112651,0.006623204,0.00001962697,0.000009864322],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9889807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2616404162","doi":"10.1038/ncomms15347","title":"Global perturbation of organic carbon cycling by river damming","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":427,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; European Commission","keywords":"Mineralization (soil science); Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Carbon cycle; Greenhouse gas; Cycling; Organic matter; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Physical geography; Soil science; Oceanography; Geology; Ecosystem; Ecology; Chemistry; Geography; Soil water; Biology; Forestry","authors":[{"name":"Taylor Maavara","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ronny Lauerwald","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Regnier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philippe Van Cappellen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01299571332510503,"gpt":0.2490141821589619,"spread":0.2360184688338569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000142025,0.00006367018,0.00009800171,0.00001807161,0.0003977155,0.0000516137,0.00103785,0.000116587,0.00008255967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000167194,0.00005706729,0.00003138408,0.00007638906,0.0000899011,0.0001445847,0.0001044054,0.0002085637,0.00001039867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006022688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003076439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004258908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03973735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994907,0.00004878733,0.0001441549,0.0000986306,0.0001215478,0.00009611907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984138,0.00007819437,0.0001798667,0.001221657,0.00006678102,0.00003968027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004705049,0.00001701723,0.9814534,0.000009392568,0.00001692613,2.99469e-7,0.00009438534,0.00001281871,0.0001515467,0.000712298,0.0007352306,0.01679205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002429852,0.00003812372,0.9441676,0.00003835286,0.00003383336,0.000006428704,0.0001416033,0.02297496,0.0001717335,0.001209701,0.03079141,0.000183278],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7933815,0.005628818,0.00004629127,0.001385961,0.0003395581,0.0001555251,0.000152056,0.00003725122,0.1988731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987061,0.0002275335,0.0004981818,0.00005465781,0.00003230466,6.604999e-7,0.000189362,0.000001682319,0.0002895033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2053247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9777849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100757602","doi":"10.1039/c4pp90035a","title":"Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with other environmental factors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":424,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","keywords":"Environmental science; Ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Surface water; Environmental chemistry; Terrestrial ecosystem; Snow; Freshwater ecosystem; Dissolved organic carbon; Nutrient; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Environmental engineering; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Donat‐P. Häder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Craig E. Williamson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sten‐Åke Wängberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Milla Rautio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kevin C. Rose","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kunshan Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"E. Walter Helbling","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rajeshwar P. Sinha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert C. Worrest","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008161559091794533,"gpt":0.1950642373274777,"spread":0.1869026782356832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002105967,0.0001382687,0.0002112848,0.00004258311,0.0001162686,0.00003344401,0.0001634687,0.00005165291,0.0005560466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008031062,0.00007373384,0.00003908258,0.0001251085,0.000287801,0.00009265227,0.0000162695,0.00009735879,0.00002363233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005377774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007912055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001584833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004295465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989908,0.0001045332,0.0001882867,0.0003142905,0.000194731,0.0002073812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988771,0.0008155971,0.0001132023,0.00007843537,0.000003405749,0.0001122628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009602388,0.0001139115,0.9266427,0.00005098486,0.00002039742,9.805937e-7,0.0001135512,0.00006089995,0.06472379,0.0001321901,0.00004182764,0.008002755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00122579,0.006270629,0.4669399,0.0002159036,0.00005493725,0.00003394152,0.0005199116,0.04431023,0.4670109,0.0014392,0.01117131,0.0008073853],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944288,0.00006176851,0.00004167758,0.00002028535,0.00007505127,0.0003454394,0.00002193342,0.00001999513,0.004985047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997218,0.00001026902,0.00005940027,0.0001076731,0.00003844043,0.000009378918,0.00002608377,0.00000166244,0.00002534978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4597028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.608832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982868997","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.09.020","title":"Interactions between climate change and contaminants","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":422,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Climate change; Ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystem; Environmental science; Biota; Environmental resource management; Pollution; Freshwater ecosystem; Environmental protection; Environmental planning; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Doris Schiedek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brita Sundelin","is_ca":false},{"name":"James W. Readman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robie W. Macdonald","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07893783608038528,"gpt":0.2934650413850446,"spread":0.2145272053046593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004664006,0.0003399134,0.0009127652,0.0002752968,0.000175992,0.00008397513,0.0001682009,0.0001753408,0.0108376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000277677,0.0002747916,0.0001714975,0.0002196323,0.00004784641,0.00006702755,0.0001401922,0.0003540619,0.004186646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001347617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002366895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004118185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00597965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982975,0.0001361729,0.0005628406,0.0003872449,0.0001770035,0.0004392171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991227,0.0001605864,0.0002932061,0.0002164,0.00002442459,0.0001826335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004279847,0.000005703525,0.004774332,0.001949482,0.00002782482,0.00001805222,0.000006457601,3.121075e-8,6.919517e-10,0.00003974,0.001699229,0.9914749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001018485,0.00005670402,0.0116245,0.001262006,0.0001760555,0.0001236636,0.000009951078,0.00001037259,1.645352e-8,0.000009526655,0.9863412,0.0002841399],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001900283,0.8883747,0.00001559652,0.0002588348,0.0005742217,0.0006888665,0.0006963476,0.000081119,0.1092913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003844386,0.9918393,0.00006855487,0.0001262414,0.0008588309,0.00001349515,0.001394202,0.00001252023,0.005302403],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9911907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}