{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":479,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":479,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"2a9976a71c5d","filters":{"topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth"}},"results":[{"id":"W1987347396","doi":"10.1007/s00285-008-0201-3","title":"A user’s guide to PDE models for chemotaxis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":1686,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Replicate; Property (philosophy); Chemotaxis; Simplicity; Basis (linear algebra); Computer science; Mechanism (biology); Key (lock); Work (physics); Perspective (graphical); Biochemical engineering; Biological system; Mathematics; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Epistemology; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1481250459430113,"gpt":0.4317609591338913,"spread":0.28363591319088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002135663,0.001026593,0.007432146,0.0006681877,0.000118636,0.00003415007,0.001769109,0.001268242,0.0003045595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01266718,0.0006432454,0.00263156,0.0004169255,0.0003263242,0.0001118417,0.0003823042,0.001003613,0.0002982845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002972838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005588977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.638062e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.402745e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9927279,0.0004819069,0.004770098,0.0006183009,0.0004181153,0.0009836532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9844803,0.01065013,0.002637701,0.0009777768,0.0006201687,0.0006338949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007183303,0.0008457722,2.318365e-7,0.03057567,0.001174825,0.00009288429,0.0002114104,5.665287e-7,0.000008774507,0.7440594,0.1098301,0.1131285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003523702,0.0005280728,1.35421e-8,0.00484142,0.0006490063,0.002811403,0.00001203942,0.00003188498,0.000008778889,0.465841,0.5245324,0.0003915761],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001488941,0.7100588,0.281901,0.0003624791,0.0004045773,0.002530341,0.000155715,0.00008207552,0.004490128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000001934663,0.6722866,0.3254317,0.000167207,0.0005990402,0.0001987565,0.00001260081,0.0001495873,0.001152507],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4147024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038132127","doi":"10.1007/s11538-010-9526-3","title":"Interactions Between the Immune System and Cancer: A Brief Review of Non-spatial Mathematical Models","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":448,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Immune system; Computer science; Mathematical model; Homogeneous; Mathematical and theoretical biology; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Theoretical computer science; Biology; Statistical physics; Physics; Bioinformatics; Immunology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06264697074042329,"gpt":0.3647895472892903,"spread":0.302142576548867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003380402,0.001035494,0.008152123,0.0002137091,0.0001377445,0.00002090281,0.001485422,0.001073417,0.002144783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003887816,0.0005863085,0.001298188,0.0002915183,0.001719149,0.00002679031,0.0008994751,0.001704498,0.0001783475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009288883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002196677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004239841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002192138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9922424,0.001064673,0.004737956,0.000811335,0.0004396802,0.0007039797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9797227,0.01491062,0.003028426,0.001765421,0.0003374543,0.0002353149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000953227,0.0002404921,6.709748e-7,0.4321801,0.0005310568,0.000003812601,0.000066221,1.004209e-8,0.000005763989,0.4430686,0.001035292,0.1228584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004462214,0.0002535973,8.729818e-7,0.3107288,0.006064476,0.0005839985,0.00005009562,0.0001275862,0.00007117373,0.23356,0.4472557,0.0008574062],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001632604,0.9702474,0.01399865,0.0007701206,0.000176553,0.003467548,0.0004784213,0.000105061,0.01073988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002007692,0.9813955,0.01656079,0.00005682038,0.0002605886,0.001041166,0.00005976733,0.0001468589,0.0002777104],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4462204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994204156","doi":"10.1007/s00285-003-0209-7","title":"Mutual interactions, potentials, and individual distance in a social aggregation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":354,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; Attraction; Maxima and minima; Range (aeronautics); Dimension (graph theory); Aggregate (composite); Group (periodic table); Statistical physics; Crowding; Combinatorics; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05400156060064742,"gpt":0.3405778202819468,"spread":0.2865762596812994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001874507,0.0001923957,0.0006837939,0.0002297147,0.00007677643,0.00002708005,0.0001975289,0.000185835,0.0003304266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004940177,0.0001405228,0.0001251755,0.0001837709,0.0002779932,0.0001351674,0.00005544539,0.0004727088,0.00002147322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005638895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005198384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.833034e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003924051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976987,0.0004968054,0.001132537,0.0001784296,0.000191143,0.0003023911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973261,0.001731909,0.0006040555,0.0001265494,0.0001089845,0.0001023499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005191921,0.0003883904,0.001337636,0.0001337648,0.00007144931,0.00002883594,0.0006992014,7.31953e-8,0.001006231,0.994603,0.0005709929,0.001108528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008601597,0.0001698892,0.0004942195,0.0001117014,0.0000676097,0.0007800377,0.0003688756,0.00004658655,0.0007835586,0.9953442,0.0008269809,0.0001461463],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.937547,0.0002372146,0.05551435,0.0009619155,0.0002189536,0.0002604926,0.00001333292,0.00002466918,0.005222063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9645954,0.00001847951,0.03508651,0.00008225681,0.0001149235,0.000008257687,0.000001746226,0.00001657925,0.00007582773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02704841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.591421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171642372","doi":"10.1038/ncomms3467","title":"Non-Darwinian dynamics in therapy-induced cancer drug resistance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":320,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Alberta Innovates; University of Manchester","keywords":"Drug resistance; Biology; Cancer cell; Somatic evolution in cancer; Cancer; Multiple drug resistance; Transcriptome; Cancer research; Genetics; Gene; Gene expression","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03543484575831458,"gpt":0.3478429638282661,"spread":0.3124081180699515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003088604,0.0001863365,0.0002990899,0.000116757,0.0001602752,0.00003614053,0.001565038,0.0003059201,0.0002086039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004514378,0.0001558092,0.00007208865,0.0004469261,0.0001421919,0.0001226224,0.0002607091,0.001360098,0.00008689002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002575836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007399958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001351645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01705342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987593,0.0001731615,0.0004046667,0.0002206554,0.0001597335,0.0002824652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962046,0.001079933,0.0001608979,0.002305269,0.0001741652,0.00007513484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001456886,0.0006457268,0.01298287,0.00008346268,0.00006561854,0.00000235976,0.001716277,1.235474e-7,0.001523069,0.9465519,0.03473763,0.001676453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001765912,0.00003122758,0.04434901,0.00048323,0.00004369538,0.000008961983,0.001263432,0.006126363,0.001905327,0.9269975,0.01602896,0.0009963114],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8074011,0.003416914,0.00008362147,0.06932551,0.0002328141,0.001859437,0.00004093523,0.0002422298,0.1173974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743578,0.0003722579,0.02247036,0.000523246,0.00002623878,0.0005543179,0.00002423031,0.00003359779,0.001637901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1669568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9516208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168688381","doi":"10.1088/0951-7715/24/10/002","title":"Swarm dynamics and equilibria for a nonlocal aggregation model","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinearity","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":196,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; Ball (mathematics); Dimension (graph theory); Inverse; Mathematical analysis; Polynomial; Zero (linguistics); Stability (learning theory); Range (aeronautics); Statistical physics; Applied mathematics; Physics; Geometry; Combinatorics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1310615574021338,"gpt":0.3335164353509562,"spread":0.2024548779488224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004205496,0.0001524245,0.0002635563,0.00004001319,0.00007024891,0.00001384451,0.0001410962,0.0001673914,0.0000277166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007836992,0.0001310513,0.00006814698,0.00006040975,0.0001372042,0.00008650848,0.00009771652,0.0001475825,0.000009195597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000370278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004212228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001273886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009664237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990712,0.00003022657,0.0002900283,0.000256682,0.000104385,0.0002475104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991194,0.0003226993,0.0000977037,0.0002700913,0.00009134933,0.00009877078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001230517,0.0004187038,0.0009808354,0.0003836721,0.00003658626,0.000003025568,0.0005990141,0.000001522774,0.0001803084,0.9926054,0.000280522,0.004387333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002715914,0.00005362464,0.000070106,0.00001299187,0.00002819407,0.000008238295,0.00001647457,0.5640919,0.0008163623,0.4345306,0.000007703384,0.00009225383],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5077544,0.00001012412,0.4867931,0.0001660539,0.0000514863,0.0004330763,0.00009729365,0.0001155404,0.004578962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5007313,0.000003344419,0.4986163,0.00008088433,0.00006236711,0.0000423813,0.00002890341,0.00002568818,0.0004088114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5640903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5344118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987060944","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0020344","title":"Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow in Solid Tumors","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Interstitial fluid; RADIUS; Fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Critical radius; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Medicine; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1516813125820836,"gpt":0.2804249516885078,"spread":0.1287436391064243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003151161,0.0001298109,0.0005351938,0.0000886347,0.00001619548,0.000002537312,0.0002173541,0.00008296746,0.0004533413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009572266,0.0001119753,0.00005690242,0.0001462137,0.0000566966,0.00004699645,0.00006483329,0.0001699589,0.00008425878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002271458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002247316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001515663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003263261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987352,0.00006263643,0.0005352462,0.0001875262,0.0002180779,0.0002612939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992626,0.0001866935,0.00009066427,0.0003259683,0.00006321463,0.00007087875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008269438,0.06341741,0.02796988,0.01018141,0.001453353,0.0003335233,0.02880453,0.0002886229,0.1664548,0.6991836,0.0004471949,0.0006386677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003708382,0.0001526184,0.0001260116,0.0004820465,0.00006759457,0.000004840441,0.0000819481,0.4658341,0.09601013,0.4366724,1.540533e-7,0.0001972318],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.976169,0.00002206675,0.006699575,0.00004207206,0.0000114374,0.0002309463,0.000004248834,0.00006927887,0.01675141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8695419,0.000003192558,0.1303089,0.00002667666,0.00002073844,0.0000244553,0.000001377448,0.00002146556,0.0000512702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4655455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.496377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082498763","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2015.02.007","title":"Numerical modeling of drug delivery in a dynamic solid tumor microvasculature","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microvascular Research","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Extravasation; Blood flow; Drug delivery; Sprouting angiogenesis; Capillary action; Fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Biomedical engineering; Computer science; Angiogenesis; Materials science; Medicine; Physics; Neovascularization; Pathology; Nanotechnology; Cancer research","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09272788845564182,"gpt":0.385372314320275,"spread":0.2926444258646332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007329757,0.0002852206,0.0008464922,0.0005924398,0.00007784693,0.00003658854,0.0008378853,0.0001890066,0.00006720363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002221993,0.0002447861,0.00036858,0.00104803,0.0003007613,0.000111383,0.0004495718,0.00117719,0.000143627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003353332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003611178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000400779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001324834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954062,0.00100541,0.0008118571,0.0006208014,0.001093503,0.001062231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972785,0.000594118,0.00009413408,0.001063822,0.0006690081,0.0003004895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003065734,0.01738653,0.01650298,0.01681071,0.004292152,0.004725977,0.04446582,0.008683189,0.7607244,0.0822744,0.0342581,0.006810054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006352723,0.0003345167,0.0001696212,0.001155618,0.0001258447,0.0005067257,0.003769957,0.3627085,0.1215096,0.5014266,0.0007205642,0.001219762],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933341,0.001609115,0.002930431,0.0002281575,0.00005472717,0.0007200679,0.00000317549,0.00006301803,0.001057254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982012,0.00003071984,0.01756731,0.00003395447,0.00003830432,0.00006006057,0.0000120526,0.00007040116,0.0001752247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6392148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964953529","doi":"10.1016/s0025-5564(99)00058-9","title":"A mathematical model of cancer treatment by immunotherapy","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Biosciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Extinction (optical mineralogy); Immunotherapy; Cancer immunotherapy; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Stability (learning theory); Cancer; Mathematical economics; Calculus (dental); Computer science; Medicine; Physics; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04919132798118189,"gpt":0.3392240648258207,"spread":0.2900327368446389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007211691,0.0004687142,0.001047365,0.0001060219,0.0001675209,0.00005435663,0.0007790112,0.0002125838,0.01046263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003313489,0.0002952246,0.0003069131,0.0004325471,0.001164014,0.000162482,0.00005602874,0.000154185,0.0003293232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000940451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001089599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001474373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004103011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967411,0.0001172609,0.0011318,0.0005814503,0.0007216627,0.0007067259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975917,0.00109801,0.0002518128,0.0007301804,0.0000731519,0.0002551359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000116727,0.004620286,0.0001729718,0.0006941315,0.0002254693,0.000005797776,0.002853935,0.00002471401,0.06657691,0.8927144,0.003118947,0.02887565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006279275,0.0003266072,0.000008458067,0.0001529313,0.00008012362,0.00001490712,0.0001184076,0.03800582,0.03608667,0.9238485,0.0003467315,0.0003829525],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8943396,0.0003930332,0.01594678,0.001357737,0.00004649333,0.001024983,0.0001895891,0.0002855434,0.08641624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8759018,0.0004378833,0.1022366,0.0003243822,0.00006552098,0.0004892194,0.000006411713,0.00009183588,0.0204463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08628982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988987428","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.01.014","title":"Mathematical modelling of glioma growth: The use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data to predict the anisotropic pathways of cancer invasion","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Diffusion MRI; Anisotropy; Fractional anisotropy; White matter; Biological system; Spheroid; Neuroscience; Tensor (intrinsic definition); Glioma; Computer science; Biology; Physics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Magnetic resonance imaging; Optics; Geometry; Medicine; Radiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1346421257741737,"gpt":0.3146246590683219,"spread":0.1799825332941482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001712767,0.0002568457,0.001002041,0.000160886,0.00007368682,0.00001873369,0.001657878,0.0001756526,0.0005507676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006848537,0.0001126037,0.0002412638,0.0002741806,0.001866421,0.0001468792,0.0008964918,0.0004456632,0.000008430601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002993365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002984768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001498709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964673,0.0006761521,0.001815921,0.0002586824,0.0004060946,0.0003758357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9897757,0.007164845,0.001171132,0.001052608,0.0006867176,0.0001490463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001906787,0.0003857435,0.003283686,0.0002904292,0.0001534424,0.000005635413,0.0004648162,0.00003420132,0.07860602,0.9151649,0.0009017004,0.0005187678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005073408,0.0004706576,0.0004555675,0.0004862075,0.0002825616,0.0001403698,0.0002466002,0.03923759,0.01700857,0.9409993,0.00003059304,0.0001346664],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9076417,0.0001762949,0.08801662,0.003242625,0.0001320881,0.0005465754,0.0001002819,0.00001095355,0.00013284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9689924,0.00009874775,0.03058858,0.0001663352,0.000106165,0.00001226158,0.000003280161,0.00002683479,0.000005470623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06159745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8198833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W643404104","doi":"10.1090/fic/048","title":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Evolution Equations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"American Mathematical Society eBooks","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Dynamics (music); Computer science; Statistical physics; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01693690309472827,"gpt":0.2709405181860044,"spread":0.2540036150912761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007219018,0.0008622836,0.001692664,0.00009767622,0.0002993034,0.00008912778,0.0004783939,0.000625779,0.0001433921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008008891,0.0007565197,0.000738913,0.0001158371,0.002759634,0.00005091939,0.0003893466,0.001083067,0.0002125056],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008992699,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003405636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001974257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003220242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962726,0.0001249336,0.001245921,0.0008448795,0.0007267045,0.0007849124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936835,0.003949152,0.000926865,0.0009458956,0.0001863933,0.0003082378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005021621,0.0001519353,0.000006779917,0.0009407911,0.0002218479,0.000006684693,0.0002633731,1.08186e-7,0.00001137549,0.9613964,0.03605083,0.0009448659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002934556,0.000168272,0.000004781088,0.0003457014,0.0005241713,0.00004626107,0.0001984876,0.01835351,0.00001063085,0.9771211,0.002141852,0.0007918372],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000528426,0.000040522,0.2384291,0.0003109937,0.00005522501,0.001018713,0.0001896265,0.0005015036,0.7589259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001832242,0.000004719233,0.2088957,0.0003110816,0.0004126959,0.0001614468,0.0002005949,0.000272865,0.7879087],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03390898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023735315","doi":"10.1007/s00285-006-0017-y","title":"M5 mesoscopic and macroscopic models for mesenchymal motion","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Mesoscopic physics; Diffusion MRI; Diffusion; Tensor (intrinsic definition); Diffusion equation; Physics; Equations of motion; Convection–diffusion equation; Classical mechanics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04165643244810625,"gpt":0.3287816392286338,"spread":0.2871252067805276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001316468,0.0002571137,0.0009090353,0.0001630928,0.00008678574,0.00002885635,0.0002698946,0.0002847411,0.000131743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001444337,0.0001739623,0.0002079459,0.00009946318,0.0003115934,0.0001360339,0.00008161781,0.0002617493,0.00001208452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004529106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004181182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001617633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001463625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977756,0.0001560542,0.001236161,0.000234277,0.0001761466,0.0004218047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963582,0.002431104,0.0006087761,0.0002366353,0.0002299433,0.0001353519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004751799,0.0002863854,0.0002400865,0.0004603149,0.0000584897,0.000007378549,0.00006858941,0.000002435496,0.00518656,0.9921662,0.00105004,0.0004260436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001060188,0.0004836166,0.0001050002,0.0001070402,0.0001232446,0.0003717003,0.00004464056,0.00257318,0.002834042,0.9919764,0.0001578641,0.0001630587],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4459914,0.0002970776,0.5484378,0.001140858,0.0001816986,0.0004823141,0.00001915724,0.00004214254,0.003407564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7824839,0.00001485183,0.2167372,0.00009480736,0.0003077333,0.00002583697,0.000004065128,0.00003193923,0.0002996796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3364925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7093977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161765142","doi":"10.1142/s0218202512500480","title":"CONVERGENCE OF A CANCER INVASION MODEL TO A LOGISTIC CHEMOTAXIS MODEL","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Chemotaxis; Convergence (economics); Attractor; Logistic function; Chaotic; Applied mathematics; Dimension (graph theory); Biology; Mathematics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Pure mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Genetics; Receptor","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3195756220163267,"gpt":0.4821563437117719,"spread":0.1625807216954452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00477332,0.0002810055,0.0007950343,0.0001880143,0.0001008147,0.00002096147,0.0004525779,0.0001556167,0.00007541654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001185989,0.0001992267,0.00006885391,0.000508201,0.0007063877,0.0001366006,0.0003571214,0.0001991007,0.000006309296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004263766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008050578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007810028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004115574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975532,0.0001169972,0.0007932073,0.0004662744,0.000411837,0.0006585409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974139,0.001703613,0.0001842947,0.0003471185,0.00004485238,0.0003062192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001800597,0.0002520327,0.00005470222,0.0004791,0.000008018341,2.01729e-7,0.002371258,0.005996699,0.01808526,0.9709563,0.00002852839,0.001749954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009751772,0.0000169273,0.000003080962,0.00007245844,0.00001849336,0.000001999524,0.0001247756,0.4787537,0.009515466,0.511266,7.336656e-7,0.000128914],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1427487,0.0001074794,0.8377668,0.0001544914,0.0000282221,0.0005554445,0.000007237251,0.0000374452,0.01859414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4755032,0.00001488592,0.5241586,0.0001038879,0.000008819405,0.0001469565,1.219262e-7,0.000010821,0.00005275289],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.472757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8124231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041337540","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0067025","title":"Numerical Modeling of Interstitial Fluid Flow Coupled with Blood Flow through a Remodeled Solid Tumor Microvascular Network","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Blood flow; Sprouting angiogenesis; Flow (mathematics); Fluid dynamics; Capillary action; Interstitial fluid; Extravasation; Conservation of mass; Physics; Materials science; Angiogenesis; Medicine; Thermodynamics; Pathology; Neovascularization; Cardiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04277822892211536,"gpt":0.2407511176332761,"spread":0.1979728887111607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000326513,0.0003802826,0.001197249,0.00004987509,0.00009521509,0.00003365052,0.0004074701,0.0001446268,0.0006175465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005085494,0.0002912724,0.0001954709,0.0002485027,0.0001714544,0.0001699104,0.0001382805,0.0003521583,0.0001241837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003959405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006783596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005308273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006488236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974051,0.00013031,0.0008093189,0.0004794157,0.0005313209,0.0006445629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981369,0.000373094,0.0002237641,0.0007633989,0.0003526388,0.0001501979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004223053,0.07552864,0.001989834,0.02374571,0.04052352,0.0007088834,0.01466473,0.1798241,0.5694544,0.08286711,0.006124845,0.0003451757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001354826,0.0004085843,0.000002040147,0.0008735772,0.0007902552,0.00004116654,0.0000465266,0.9134246,0.01561088,0.06711244,6.678022e-7,0.0003345107],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7335781,0.0001079682,0.2642789,0.0001636208,0.00002874989,0.0009222302,0.00000640195,0.00016944,0.0007445618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5648331,0.000009830841,0.4346631,0.0001149915,0.0001602949,0.0001067436,0.00001164932,0.00006031005,0.00004000921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7336004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3035648717","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202002444","title":"Endothelial Regulation of Drug Transport in a 3D Vascularized Tumor Model","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Amgen","keywords":"Materials science; Drug; Nanotechnology; Cancer research; Pharmacology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03266745158675059,"gpt":0.2562386723942759,"spread":0.2235712208075253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003769893,0.0001870226,0.0005624947,0.00006335478,0.00002839192,0.000005116349,0.000122514,0.00006323253,0.0009770879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005117481,0.0001652759,0.00009220385,0.0001456916,0.00007196896,0.0001449045,0.00002875673,0.00008582567,0.00003215265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003161261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005337756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004566073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003468109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983678,0.00009024175,0.0007580044,0.0003043194,0.0002736424,0.0002059521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991549,0.0002589204,0.0002416305,0.0001990453,0.00007537235,0.0000701348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008126187,0.0001212918,0.0001323899,0.0003749055,0.00002999066,0.000005189614,0.000312211,0.001396546,0.8762705,0.1204491,0.00005791914,0.00003735677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002732807,0.0000718532,0.001876464,0.00009258171,0.00005765853,0.00000973535,0.00004623623,0.003969576,0.523503,0.4673323,0.00004831097,0.0002594375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9580155,0.00001038527,0.040155,0.0002857032,0.000152193,0.0004848404,0.0001463632,0.00008994596,0.0006600395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9451509,0.000002605575,0.05427739,0.0002020479,0.00008338754,0.00008504454,0.00004886464,0.00002960638,0.0001202251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3527675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137780330","doi":"10.1186/1754-1611-8-12","title":"Effect of tumor shape, size, and tissue transport properties on drug delivery to solid tumors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biological Engineering","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Drug delivery; Drug; Materials science; Biomedical engineering; Interstitial fluid; Convection; Diffusion; Work (physics); Chemistry; Mechanics; Pathology; Pharmacology; Medicine; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01627994199302775,"gpt":0.2489120071872197,"spread":0.2326320651941919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001388643,0.0002141688,0.000799639,0.00009781789,0.00002325639,0.000006965611,0.0002065702,0.00007435859,0.00003964414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003121317,0.0001179146,0.0001124384,0.0000970007,0.00006317542,0.00004131936,0.00003973009,0.0002692043,0.000005177322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002171212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009771712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001030656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.447898e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986734,0.0001005293,0.0006533351,0.0001460359,0.0001732886,0.0002533778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976348,0.001786393,0.000207084,0.0001245701,0.00006603381,0.0001810712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001374595,0.0003769781,0.002754098,0.002613846,0.0002148452,0.0002036251,0.0006344155,0.000833111,0.9746722,0.009470954,0.0001977529,0.006653551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001949928,0.01463254,0.009907217,0.002377962,0.0001636906,0.0006387041,0.00005553719,0.005428669,0.9586197,0.005009213,0.0004997802,0.0007171279],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982281,0.00006900015,0.001151199,0.00009628821,0.00007572946,0.0001969977,0.00000266018,0.00003300608,0.0001470454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945429,0.000008097159,0.005240929,0.00006487033,0.0001027976,0.000006506452,2.060609e-7,0.00001644842,0.00001722826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0160526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.480842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064480398","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/52/11/023","title":"Mathematical modeling of brain tumors: effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Radiation therapy; Temozolomide; Chemotherapy; Medicine; Brain tumor; Clinical trial; Adjuvant; Oncology; Radiology; Internal medicine; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1238726593308146,"gpt":0.4045325672507815,"spread":0.2806599079199669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001087674,0.0001538987,0.0007704531,0.00009117347,0.00001376421,9.052911e-7,0.00009821267,0.0001124968,0.00002710106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007543114,0.0001022952,0.00003262661,0.0001404346,0.0005713174,0.00002027887,0.00003361546,0.0001462351,3.746304e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009979581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001003837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001031949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001841949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989058,0.00007665867,0.0005391379,0.0001924318,0.00007330795,0.0002126477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963003,0.003272922,0.0001588648,0.0001776152,0.00003719189,0.00005312707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001322189,0.0003128719,0.002317865,0.002222809,0.00007700168,0.000005862935,0.002669517,0.000001050696,0.07070033,0.9101114,0.00008185151,0.0113672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001686712,0.0006822294,0.0001838364,0.000471617,0.0000209328,0.0000178879,0.0001758672,0.006591517,0.006776295,0.9832693,0.00001458661,0.000109265],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8742324,0.0005213951,0.1231999,0.0006110876,0.00002124664,0.0002670291,0.00000113526,0.00001420484,0.001131571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843324,0.0001332773,0.01510277,0.0002839845,0.0001099003,0.000005563443,0.000001702713,0.0000150911,0.00001530091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4171476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075718843","doi":"10.1063/1.2766864","title":"Classical solutions and pattern formation for a volume filling chemotaxis model","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pattern formation; Chemotaxis; Zero (linguistics); Nonlinear system; Statistical physics; Dynamics (music); Volume (thermodynamics); Mathematics; Kinetics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07864045633682412,"gpt":0.3825485736989426,"spread":0.3039081173621185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003406494,0.0001506946,0.0003037286,0.000268298,0.0005363319,0.00006945751,0.0004740556,0.00007839462,0.00001714688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005421223,0.0001134358,0.0001179204,0.0002121774,0.0006019261,0.0008477934,0.0003915281,0.0002610894,0.000003717464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001063223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001029966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.284444e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007006069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982307,0.00002202211,0.0007509356,0.0002171778,0.0003425707,0.0004366187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983084,0.0003068559,0.0004385213,0.0002183181,0.0004471579,0.0002807996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003012761,0.01072988,0.003670566,0.004400644,0.0003968895,0.000455756,0.126096,0.00139499,0.3702528,0.180265,0.01371944,0.2856052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004472329,0.0006666971,0.0002826737,0.0001592848,0.00003181027,0.0006486429,0.00119827,0.8743526,0.002963278,0.1190539,0.00003337003,0.0001621958],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4644168,0.0000134733,0.5344223,0.0007738285,0.0000898464,0.0001214483,0.00001265398,0.00001257355,0.0001371021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8239685,0.000003190328,0.1756635,0.00005076367,0.000220314,0.00000309159,0.00000194276,0.00001307465,0.00007559411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8729576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4625776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076234826","doi":"10.1007/s00285-014-0822-7","title":"Glioma follow white matter tracts: a multiscale DTI-based model","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Diffusion MRI; White matter; Glioma; Fractional anisotropy; Physics; Neuroscience; Computer science; Statistical physics; Biology; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03889381765099715,"gpt":0.3101529714263188,"spread":0.2712591537753217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002546489,0.0004591266,0.001507714,0.0003496324,0.00009530955,0.00004149003,0.0008025991,0.0004835603,0.00213889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004182371,0.0003044407,0.0006027682,0.000232351,0.0004154628,0.0001415274,0.0001190616,0.0006762042,0.0005377926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007487005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008902567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.974519e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002042407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996101,0.0004931107,0.001946431,0.0003616584,0.0003957326,0.0007020971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994128,0.003409021,0.001088604,0.0006669437,0.0003198123,0.0003876265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006033885,0.003972535,0.007747592,0.001780526,0.0004814994,0.0001407438,0.0008785852,0.000167359,0.02550915,0.9386352,0.01911769,0.0009656994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002096729,0.0006111958,0.0001821271,0.0001961064,0.0002013009,0.000645795,0.00004101067,0.04695448,0.002726948,0.9456413,0.0003188896,0.0003841302],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3681296,0.00002500678,0.6140801,0.002818759,0.0001822281,0.0002972033,0.00001534203,0.00007022999,0.01438155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7220817,0.000001397337,0.2765915,0.0007329303,0.0001894029,0.00001792452,0.00000284365,0.00005771403,0.0003246142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.353952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071831172","doi":"10.1142/s0218202502002008","title":"HYPERBOLIC MODELS FOR CHEMOSENSITIVE MOVEMENT","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Movement (music); Moment (physics); Closure (psychology); Moment closure; Mathematics; Population; Limit (mathematics); Distribution (mathematics); Diffusion; Thermal conduction; Mathematical analysis; Statistical physics; Applied mathematics; Mechanics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2139004319964988,"gpt":0.4151003420177946,"spread":0.2011999100212958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003797512,0.000311075,0.0007664913,0.0001532562,0.0002062783,0.0000689622,0.0003359149,0.0001574109,0.0001013865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006209685,0.0002249093,0.00009806453,0.0003311011,0.0007106074,0.0001361647,0.0001794474,0.0001904804,0.000008611335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003704352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001432107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001320784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.938368e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975541,0.0001386322,0.0006972986,0.0006545444,0.0003236404,0.0006317368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953469,0.003994141,0.0001430391,0.0003081673,0.00004016569,0.0001676006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000825009,0.0002441864,8.168524e-7,0.0002392028,0.00001226284,0.000001092605,0.001214363,0.0001347035,0.0018523,0.9882207,0.00009729886,0.007974824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002699466,0.00004202143,3.757405e-7,0.00003719465,0.00001662238,0.000005655083,0.0003127316,0.4481414,0.002835267,0.5481679,0.00001089632,0.0001599991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01265152,0.00009999289,0.8417428,0.0003994354,0.00002773436,0.001034734,0.000005775045,0.00007899954,0.143959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1978236,0.00002344852,0.8011258,0.0003786382,0.00002890972,0.0003579537,3.862105e-7,0.00002241524,0.0002388366],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4480067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9171534,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034202604","doi":"10.1007/s11538-012-9798-x","title":"The Tumor Growth Paradox and Immune System-Mediated Selection for Cancer Stem Cells","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; American Association for Cancer Research","keywords":"Cancer stem cell; Cancer; Cancer research; Biology; Immune system; Stem cell; Population; Cytotoxic T cell; Cancer cell; Tumor progression; Immunology; Cell biology; In vitro; Medicine; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02371726551262361,"gpt":0.2770869414440652,"spread":0.2533696759314416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002196926,0.0003197419,0.0008584262,0.00006127427,0.0002294415,0.00001823448,0.0003293194,0.0002407138,0.0002198093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001461611,0.0001911587,0.0001708544,0.0001176644,0.0006808274,0.00002084922,0.0001439801,0.0002155801,0.0001220401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005898927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002954394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001668968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001946534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974209,0.0003410042,0.001033226,0.0003048552,0.0001552732,0.0007447412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.989885,0.008908268,0.0005116047,0.0003248806,0.0001937124,0.0001765165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009925127,0.0002192256,0.0003694305,0.001842378,0.0001336849,3.628414e-7,0.0001457212,3.91034e-8,0.007857971,0.9863284,0.002753611,0.0002499638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002986841,0.001052566,0.0002931794,0.0007962068,0.0007169488,0.0003572084,0.001505142,0.001524818,0.1800359,0.7773096,0.03224785,0.001173741],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8902606,0.009640704,0.05914949,0.01288615,0.001985891,0.009643788,0.0004936919,0.001114098,0.01482558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794815,0.00006870442,0.01860854,0.0001041483,0.0002134936,0.0008116442,0.00000543138,0.00006405403,0.0006424434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2090188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7795227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993332991","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.04.031","title":"Mathematical model of macrophage-facilitated breast cancer cells invasion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada; Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences","keywords":"Autocrine signalling; Secretion; Chemotaxis; Cancer cell; Cell biology; Biology; Cell; Epidermal growth factor; Signalling; Receptor; Biophysics; Chemistry; Cancer; Biochemistry; Genetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02391489232735275,"gpt":0.3001146633239755,"spread":0.2761997709966227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002355923,0.0002771331,0.001144499,0.0001662567,0.00004408016,0.000009400159,0.0006119177,0.0003646603,0.001856544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002688374,0.0001714538,0.0003471544,0.0001556818,0.001574744,0.00005860408,0.0001772759,0.0005205011,0.00004737154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005291704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007955496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.609126e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.265198e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969912,0.0005984817,0.001465486,0.0002342091,0.0002758499,0.0004347284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952288,0.002941999,0.0007342427,0.000399808,0.0004291155,0.0002660916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002317227,0.0003294487,0.0001107659,0.0002365489,0.0000899373,0.000004492431,0.0001310239,0.00002155203,0.1386234,0.8589008,0.0005439229,0.0007763742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007093332,0.0004008608,0.00002197603,0.0001573946,0.0001359384,0.0002059419,0.00003182817,0.01832235,0.04821012,0.9316199,0.00001891972,0.0001653916],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8242489,0.00006316598,0.1675754,0.001908666,0.000231875,0.0002397475,0.000128189,0.00003756424,0.005566418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9624177,0.0000338454,0.03715169,0.0001741609,0.0001148346,0.000005328692,0.000001318727,0.00002783957,0.00007328635],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1381688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128765685","doi":"10.1186/1754-1611-6-4","title":"Effect of tumor shape and size on drug delivery to solid tumors","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biological Engineering","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Discretization; Drug delivery; Mechanics; Finite volume method; Fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Finite element method; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Medicine; Mathematical analysis; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01840227920670257,"gpt":0.2736330438724183,"spread":0.2552307646657157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001641203,0.0001898588,0.0006725516,0.00007689721,0.00001924663,0.000006750453,0.0001729895,0.0000702149,0.00007359599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005422097,0.0001091445,0.0001357011,0.0001053789,0.00004271125,0.00005791578,0.00008502997,0.0002821561,0.000009142094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003288453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007256081,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.571989e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.846598e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987518,0.00009744224,0.0005646358,0.00009847348,0.0001559316,0.0003316998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952558,0.004084379,0.0002287334,0.0001123262,0.00004735705,0.0002714437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002164342,0.001332025,0.02605684,0.002969442,0.0006168762,0.0003419837,0.001558257,0.0003675697,0.9132528,0.03982301,0.00217173,0.00934507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003958078,0.0175053,0.05248758,0.002910458,0.0003601319,0.002426553,0.0002032505,0.004676456,0.9017158,0.01148877,0.0007539678,0.001513611],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990399,0.000153284,0.0003055869,0.00007344146,0.0001315936,0.000139713,0.000003030862,0.0000246824,0.0001287409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929379,0.000008622924,0.006773979,0.00007708672,0.0001758548,0.000004003478,1.390546e-7,0.00001369151,0.000008727124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02833424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6491148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025801169","doi":"10.1007/s00285-011-0452-2","title":"Hyperbolic and kinetic models for self-organized biological aggregations and movement: a brief review","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Conservation law; Dimension (graph theory); Limiting; Statistical physics; Advection; Complex system; Mathematics; Kinetic energy; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Classical mechanics; Physics; Pure mathematics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1549077178806224,"gpt":0.3719882769846559,"spread":0.2170805591040335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002378288,0.0007634857,0.005532076,0.0002765088,0.0001040632,0.00003068263,0.0005999801,0.0008393025,0.0002439921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005626901,0.0004441631,0.0007444854,0.0002410175,0.0005025815,0.00009158838,0.0003270177,0.0007162059,0.00001894537],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006360654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001605412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.08697e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.073026e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950893,0.0006548183,0.002990638,0.00053299,0.0001630426,0.0005692062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9903828,0.00612885,0.002292276,0.00050128,0.0003221334,0.0003726465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001609174,0.0004466267,9.119822e-7,0.09368014,0.0006821401,0.00001229459,0.0001121066,2.728881e-9,0.000005443852,0.8433233,0.0009516416,0.06076927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006325908,0.0006839281,2.872753e-7,0.02175696,0.003095117,0.001873015,0.00001091264,0.0000305489,0.000002625886,0.854925,0.1165669,0.0004221685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006299957,0.986076,0.01039609,0.0002165618,0.00009150698,0.002157134,0.00006026543,0.00006135014,0.0008780919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001417251,0.901793,0.09740309,0.0003170616,0.0001623273,0.0001660344,0.00001362457,0.00007571432,0.00005494893],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1156153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015165311","doi":"10.1002/mma.569","title":"The one‐dimensional chemotaxis model: global existence and asymptotic profile","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mathematics; Semigroup; Chemotaxis; Scaling; Dimension (graph theory); Space (punctuation); Applied mathematics; Heat equation; Mathematical analysis; Pure mathematics; Geometry; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1193292434563509,"gpt":0.4195761492359496,"spread":0.3002469057795987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01117765,0.0003122351,0.0005193271,0.00004832898,0.0007217752,0.0001808792,0.001369045,0.0001370103,0.00003631983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00373215,0.0001527586,0.00008919003,0.0007386397,0.002690017,0.00008684794,0.0003986217,0.0003728178,0.00005175833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007679544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001284495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002343274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004563852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967458,0.0004227389,0.00074606,0.0005790161,0.0008019665,0.0007044036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911249,0.007844899,0.0002079982,0.000660118,0.00004256792,0.0001195479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001260295,0.0002032765,0.000007848753,0.0001028928,0.00001140001,0.000002039858,0.0007456227,0.00002997495,0.0005422795,0.996383,0.00004262734,0.001916399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002937099,0.00006783372,0.0000466732,0.00007416996,0.00003300032,0.00008572343,0.0007770802,0.01552923,0.001851772,0.9810261,0.000008665501,0.0002060677],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2276795,0.0002195359,0.5968854,0.008097978,0.0001105934,0.0023925,0.00001070917,0.0002163706,0.1643874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1693264,0.00000390441,0.8299119,0.0004425538,0.00002730436,0.0002195915,2.905285e-7,0.00001243546,0.00005560557],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2330266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9911481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060085351","doi":"10.1007/s10479-011-0869-4","title":"A survey of optimization models on cancer chemotherapy treatment planning","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Operations Research","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Chemotherapy; Computer science; Colorectal cancer; Theory of computation; Limit (mathematics); Cancer treatment; Cancer chemotherapy; Cancer; Medicine; Mathematics; Surgery; Algorithm; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7989043348658895,"gpt":0.5617408224880779,"spread":0.2371635123778116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001441993,0.0001005436,0.0002730097,0.0002137553,0.00009236707,0.000009801658,0.000188187,0.00007362526,0.0005926829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006315807,0.00007441622,0.0000471241,0.0003444541,0.0001554003,0.00009017154,0.00002925621,0.0001027962,0.000005913031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002360803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000138666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001403756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001721513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985452,0.0003840628,0.0003638204,0.0001758795,0.0003044778,0.0002265836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979921,0.0006038513,0.00004901133,0.0003496493,0.0009464535,0.00005895719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001659819,0.009963359,0.008942725,0.0005542691,0.001098875,0.00001454465,0.03519841,0.229085,0.003648348,0.6955377,0.00779559,0.006501293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001547735,0.003321366,0.008406427,0.0004598513,0.00002411304,0.000002628556,0.0004863851,0.6658008,0.2454927,0.07405946,0.0000255172,0.0003730218],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.96538,0.0001998028,0.01639847,0.0005026894,0.00002423537,0.0008300112,0.0001090752,0.00002679463,0.01652888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860908,0.0002488867,0.01289742,0.00003319061,0.00001252032,0.0001227005,0.0000176773,0.00001911367,0.0005577189],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6214783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6489463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072076940","doi":"10.4310/cms.2015.v13.n4.a6","title":"Ring patterns and their bifurcations in a nonlocal model of biological swarms","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications in Mathematical Sciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation; Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ring (chemistry); Bifurcation; Physics; Statistical physics; Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Mathematics; Nonlinear system; Quantum mechanics; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3900463031906533,"gpt":0.410727413743985,"spread":0.02068111055333166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002847755,0.0001639686,0.0004452739,0.0002388035,0.0000903785,0.00002612604,0.001247943,0.0001160414,0.00002003869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003352389,0.0001078215,0.00004591544,0.0006067367,0.001591563,0.0001335062,0.0007567215,0.0002650275,0.000009122335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005325316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000883691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002056127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001306087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982256,0.0002739891,0.0007517897,0.0002646986,0.000188995,0.0002949446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959885,0.00282705,0.0001527859,0.0008509245,0.00006442098,0.0001162807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003643624,0.0006036513,0.01180828,0.00007432821,0.000004496565,4.222681e-7,0.003438501,0.00005268369,0.0002198194,0.9831344,0.00001111371,0.0006486026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001938159,0.00004414798,0.0004744317,0.0001438549,0.000003211163,0.000007723879,0.001973573,0.2941314,0.0001964556,0.7027292,0.000003442698,0.00009872569],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9092767,0.000153774,0.07382497,0.001618374,0.00001340801,0.0004199927,0.00001358057,0.00005099458,0.01462823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8676389,0.00005370965,0.1321619,0.00003316068,0.000004175115,0.00008578062,0.000001798926,0.000006780338,0.00001382235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2940788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5864179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977698389","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2014.09.014","title":"Initial–boundary value problems for a system of hyperbolic balance laws arising from chemotaxis","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Differential Equations","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery; Tulane University","keywords":"Mathematics; Neumann boundary condition; Boundary value problem; Mathematical analysis; Cauchy boundary condition; Mixed boundary condition; Dirichlet boundary condition; Initial value problem; Robin boundary condition; Logarithm; Applied mathematics; Boundary (topology); Dirichlet distribution; Infinity; Free boundary problem","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04661264599992604,"gpt":0.3085198943614057,"spread":0.2619072483614797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006494003,0.0001858289,0.0007677591,0.0001382272,0.0001232078,0.0000469377,0.0003206174,0.0001317623,0.00006824518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002401693,0.0001443575,0.0003020439,0.0001211213,0.0001117959,0.0001202133,0.0000525808,0.0002336037,0.00000665972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007517498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009915244,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001369875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008051676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978408,0.0001995955,0.00121701,0.0001548987,0.0003573355,0.000230317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954424,0.002585599,0.00121724,0.0002834616,0.0003599518,0.0001113712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001536343,0.001168931,0.0006198565,0.002206691,0.0007193061,0.000003576459,0.002077146,0.00003843386,0.07035763,0.9197214,0.0008039045,0.002129544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003490863,0.0006616282,0.001057276,0.001672187,0.0009014775,0.00005595695,0.0003314071,0.05241755,0.01834279,0.9203885,0.0003122816,0.0003680924],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4083888,0.00004310514,0.5900956,0.0001486745,0.0003213657,0.000286934,0.00006294551,0.00002366671,0.0006288847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9678947,0.000002402074,0.031485,0.00002294999,0.0004970577,0.00001913566,0.00001392481,0.00002990033,0.00003491614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5595059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5886727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060533256","doi":"10.1007/s10884-011-9224-3","title":"Dynamics of a Periodically Pulsed Bio-Reactor Model With a Hydraulic Storage Zone","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Limiting; Mathematics; Ordinary differential equation; Partial differential equation; Control theory (sociology); Population; Lift (data mining); Monotone polygon; Applied mathematics; Mechanics; Differential equation; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Physics; Engineering; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03383118592364687,"gpt":0.2585183285519648,"spread":0.2246871426283179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000240642,0.0001967008,0.0005500914,0.000207306,0.00007283485,0.00003016534,0.0002197874,0.0001254769,0.0001301591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003722433,0.0001345015,0.0001425621,0.0001387591,0.0002426081,0.0001324201,0.0000638811,0.0002849364,0.000001082217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007482401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000136729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001480775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002365637,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998512,0.00006308915,0.0007610346,0.0001399632,0.0003202161,0.0002037358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982249,0.0003002048,0.0007604896,0.0002223644,0.0003133357,0.00017869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003137728,0.001481426,0.001215401,0.000230927,0.0003255461,0.00002391311,0.001783671,0.00004133924,0.001918132,0.9918082,0.00001800946,0.0008396636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001026187,0.0005439701,0.0009595264,0.000109236,0.0003245489,0.00007070475,0.0002240171,0.8326505,0.00007745669,0.1638487,4.333419e-7,0.0001647866],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4676355,0.000009616077,0.5314459,0.0001331789,0.00003002724,0.00009725898,0.00004299153,0.00000824273,0.0005972965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9713774,0.00001247129,0.02836245,0.00001682395,0.00002587338,0.00000460404,0.00001453818,0.00002477342,0.000161061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8326091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5484812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984632132","doi":"10.1023/b:bmmd.0000048562.29657.64","title":"Two-Dimensional Chemotherapy Simulations Demonstrate Fundamental Transport and Tumor Response Limitations Involving Nanoparticles","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Microdevices","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"In vivo; Drug delivery; Drug; Nanoparticle; In vitro; Pharmacokinetics; Materials science; Biophysics; Cancer research; Biomedical engineering; Chemistry; Pharmacology; Nanotechnology; Medicine; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04568910452172929,"gpt":0.3066311074206547,"spread":0.2609420028989254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005884226,0.0002420396,0.0003290405,0.000140301,0.000253942,0.00003589691,0.0001721051,0.00009644069,0.0001476071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004551597,0.0001979797,0.00007852094,0.0002834674,0.0007152031,0.000147814,0.00004579165,0.0001752918,0.00003216574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000658413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001495282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001967634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007379643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982585,0.0001236274,0.0005634765,0.0003862499,0.0002879656,0.0003802128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977613,0.001542647,0.0001423906,0.0002187986,0.0000599922,0.0002748439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000337664,0.0009240543,0.002795496,0.0001578317,0.0001119525,0.00006770068,0.001466357,0.00001413908,0.9669029,0.02652842,0.0001081731,0.000585292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01339978,0.001154721,0.04842561,0.001071102,0.0004207148,0.0007558452,0.003069489,0.0021698,0.1855357,0.7404627,0.001743461,0.001791054],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954047,0.0002505454,0.0002653053,0.003395214,0.00006845349,0.0003165302,0.00007232845,0.0001499342,0.0000769861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9555161,0.000006165894,0.04357959,0.0007352194,0.00005443581,0.00001980326,0.00002520895,0.0000286385,0.00003483275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7813672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8073379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135864733","doi":"10.1007/s00285-021-01588-0","title":"Spatial movement with distributed memory","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences; China Scholarship Council; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Quantum nonlocality; Brownian motion; Diffusion; Computer science; Statistical physics; Movement (music); Cognitive psychology; Mathematics; Physics; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02711569748665969,"gpt":0.2952066936629008,"spread":0.268090996176241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001058725,0.0002825222,0.001039691,0.00009673628,0.00006510044,0.00002583745,0.000365416,0.0002167777,0.001976789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00353233,0.0001704527,0.0002467638,0.0002181045,0.0003123817,0.0000715198,0.0001463417,0.0004746325,0.00007381965],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000786213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001973669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001044954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005143997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974064,0.0003238183,0.001231949,0.0002486272,0.0003471458,0.0004421003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960196,0.002026182,0.0007129248,0.0004403011,0.0005517819,0.0002492034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000248775,0.001746691,0.000892987,0.000529449,0.0006238247,0.0009086315,0.0002782995,0.000001918438,0.01408704,0.9756032,0.00345685,0.001622319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001356605,0.0007217608,0.0001769034,0.0001988459,0.0001972175,0.00168327,0.0002631432,0.0001096796,0.02505464,0.9694863,0.0005126556,0.0002389589],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4307599,0.0002063896,0.5528875,0.00366448,0.000296895,0.0003197301,0.00005335288,0.00007281193,0.01173894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8365399,0.00002298878,0.1618476,0.0006584778,0.0003973727,0.00001623747,0.00001803015,0.00005298706,0.0004463772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150948144","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.1375.13.8","title":"Cancer Prevention Strategies That Address the Evolutionary Dynamics of Neoplastic Cells: Simulating Benign Cell Boosters and Selection for Chemosensitivity","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Immunovaccine (Canada)","funders":"National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Selection (genetic algorithm); Evolutionary dynamics; Dynamics (music); Biology; Computational biology; Cancer research; Computer science; Neuroscience; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07369283198489254,"gpt":0.370438337893049,"spread":0.2967455059081564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00199405,0.0003022169,0.0006313247,0.00009511853,0.000265322,0.00001232453,0.0001586692,0.0003180929,0.00004156391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006888447,0.0002388416,0.0002395026,0.000172053,0.0004659292,0.0002159952,0.00008094717,0.0002121198,9.890953e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000388896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002462787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002321658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001348531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974172,0.0007111325,0.000774165,0.0005172645,0.0001267275,0.0004535312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950263,0.003566698,0.0009606807,0.0002139438,0.0001572556,0.00007515597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00634758,0.003473132,0.2223816,0.02198418,0.00703259,0.000009996872,0.004934357,0.0465914,0.2014596,0.4186956,0.01205496,0.05503499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002050753,0.000413011,0.02067117,0.0007850669,0.0007395768,0.00001856303,0.001081733,0.06364488,0.00904282,0.9010872,0.00003634499,0.0004288961],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7709282,0.001311822,0.2235497,0.001690834,0.0003808859,0.001785395,0.00009367584,0.00009341337,0.0001661097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786116,0.0002020723,0.02037371,0.00007416574,0.00009460342,0.0004007063,0.00006364503,0.00003397988,0.0001455445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4823916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9739678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362716678","doi":"10.1007/s00285-023-01905-9","title":"Open problems in PDE models for knowledge-based animal movement via nonlocal perception and cognitive mapping","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Perception; Cognition; Movement (music); Cognitive science; Cognitive map; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics; Neuroscience; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2669474971508871,"gpt":0.4356384236693465,"spread":0.1686909265184595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004831905,0.0006983933,0.004576081,0.000712173,0.00008591707,0.00007875038,0.0009575585,0.000872624,0.0001115386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003384749,0.0004688088,0.0006539794,0.0003962741,0.000363277,0.0001542087,0.0006100525,0.0009226385,0.00006852786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002483414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000385809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002268873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009413407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9945205,0.0007560453,0.0032446,0.0005878163,0.0002144921,0.0006765354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9864638,0.01087853,0.001783137,0.0002981223,0.0003315779,0.000244854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003305433,0.004170545,0.00001142105,0.2532959,0.001979549,0.0001276219,0.002293179,0.000003514821,0.0001013072,0.3772553,0.0008888949,0.3595422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001959669,0.001301831,0.000002057375,0.03939052,0.00110965,0.0002420978,0.0002910144,0.0113923,0.000002582195,0.9404863,0.003237941,0.0005840721],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004298722,0.3821274,0.6064924,0.0002434814,0.0002412164,0.008439771,0.0002003754,0.00008084943,0.001744639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002034067,0.7660828,0.2262345,0.0003330341,0.0009820209,0.002970731,0.0001899663,0.0006202643,0.0005525567],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5632309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048152819","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.06.026","title":"A pharmacologically based multiscale mathematical model of angiogenesis and its use in investigating the efficacy of a new cancer treatment strategy","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Cancer Research; Université de Lyon; Institut National Du Cancer","keywords":"Angiogenesis; Endostatin; Cancer; Clinical trial; Medicine; Cancer research; Computational biology; Bioinformatics; Pharmacology; Biology; Pathology; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1123492099158913,"gpt":0.3735838912583444,"spread":0.2612346813424531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009846913,0.0002289219,0.0009206868,0.0001258299,0.00003010663,0.000009296567,0.0003051402,0.0002070433,0.0001747595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003626631,0.000116477,0.0002289562,0.0001741752,0.0007349858,0.00005208173,0.00005283553,0.0002293218,8.075556e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004958515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001799835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005252303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003056882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977031,0.0004301545,0.001199321,0.0001847224,0.0001587086,0.0003240009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994081,0.00476426,0.0006309063,0.0001811387,0.0001529894,0.0001896729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004212506,0.0009416243,0.001347156,0.00007465102,0.0001100036,0.00001044581,0.0003357067,0.000453709,0.1044547,0.8899186,0.00004581381,0.001886317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002590728,0.001670687,0.001300999,0.0001964325,0.0002696865,0.00004472382,0.00004062596,0.07361732,0.04474414,0.8753849,0.00000206416,0.0001376561],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926471,0.0002515672,0.004554574,0.002018518,0.0000188539,0.0003415893,0.00002140728,0.000008341665,0.0001380318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742596,0.00005812951,0.02538834,0.000219917,0.00004138711,0.000006187069,6.271939e-7,0.00001069248,0.00001507274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07316361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4749793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161029367","doi":"10.1002/mma.898","title":"Shock formation in a chemotaxis model","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Uniqueness; Mathematics; Shock wave; Parameterized complexity; Shock (circulatory); Riemann problem; Chemotaxis; Traveling wave; Entropy (arrow of time); Applied mathematics; Riemann hypothesis; Mathematical analysis; Combinatorics; Physics; Mechanics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1637300844042772,"gpt":0.4584802091561911,"spread":0.2947501247519139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02833744,0.0002770661,0.0005731823,0.0003368039,0.000160732,0.00007076303,0.0012493,0.0001768421,0.00009186847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003646652,0.0001641636,0.00009354105,0.001379366,0.0006845736,0.0001636283,0.0001857889,0.000476847,0.00005716558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009007638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003059096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001718613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001834488,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965287,0.0003860842,0.001181876,0.0004429121,0.0006615497,0.0007988408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9894732,0.009650032,0.0002195455,0.0005484188,0.0000259592,0.00008289744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001671221,0.0002798986,0.00001501606,0.0001788618,0.000002847285,0.000006688366,0.004437044,0.00002566816,0.005231481,0.9863718,0.00008166147,0.003352333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002649089,0.00003399521,0.0000402791,0.00006046571,0.00001052219,0.000051186,0.002404023,0.06171672,0.01633813,0.9188713,0.00001201794,0.0001964841],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1161173,0.00001417594,0.733957,0.0004694928,0.00002534883,0.0007249243,8.627718e-7,0.00006266743,0.1486282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3694778,0.000001158945,0.6300266,0.0003358869,0.000019188,0.00009130505,3.198723e-7,0.00001103847,0.00003665605],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2533605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9821248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071857386","doi":"10.1016/j.nonrwa.2012.07.034","title":"A mathematical model for the effect of anti-angiogenic therapy in the treatment of cancer tumours by chemotherapy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinear Analysis Real World Applications","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Chemotherapy; Cancer; Medicine; Bifurcation; Cancer chemotherapy; Cancer cell; Angiogenesis; Oncology; Internal medicine; Nonlinear system; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03294333050000963,"gpt":0.3720356699180153,"spread":0.3390923394180057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000797351,0.0002230691,0.00074751,0.0001638805,0.00008468152,0.000008690747,0.0004101817,0.0000643565,0.00009631501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003391119,0.0001051738,0.0006572804,0.001259736,0.0001789619,0.00002688679,0.00001225732,0.00007431705,0.000003525835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005222714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002197893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007075872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002498341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985433,0.0001271279,0.0006036594,0.0002017357,0.000231302,0.0002929363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954211,0.003440222,0.0003076591,0.0007179976,0.00006164957,0.00005139184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001047127,0.02957976,0.3950526,0.001451165,0.02371889,7.239135e-7,0.02124943,0.002692132,0.02324164,0.4474614,0.005827246,0.04867793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055274,0.000946572,0.009025476,0.000056116,0.01206457,0.00000325585,0.0004615689,0.8462138,0.07490506,0.04386152,0.006116785,0.0008178316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.897705,0.001447688,0.09338783,0.001589963,0.0000101731,0.004430297,0.0005187634,0.00004010691,0.0008701892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876262,0.0007036261,0.007400832,0.00004878399,0.0000835102,0.003481906,0.00005359569,0.00002886516,0.0005726618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8435217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4288863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168977801","doi":"10.1007/s10884-005-2938-3","title":"Metastability in Chemotaxis Models","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Metastability; Chemotaxis; Pattern formation; Ordinary differential equation; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Bifurcation; Steady state (chemistry); Spinodal decomposition; Partial differential equation; Mathematical analysis; Population; Physics; Differential equation; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Quantum mechanics; Phase (matter)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04428169157788819,"gpt":0.3048675283692976,"spread":0.2605858367914095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004179831,0.00009998716,0.0003171389,0.0001284502,0.00003778532,0.00002340189,0.000111248,0.00006207707,0.0001072678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005981968,0.0000752487,0.00009303715,0.0000936349,0.00006107931,0.0001604761,0.00004461689,0.0002075013,0.00000147095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007774449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003404609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004324905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002010944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989316,0.00006566969,0.0006093893,0.00009102339,0.0001657874,0.0001365682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988958,0.0005472709,0.0002515898,0.0001236893,0.00009945561,0.00008223503],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002468645,0.0005089542,0.0004238156,0.00004859618,0.0000411417,0.000002402495,0.0003613373,0.000103679,0.0002810755,0.9935872,0.0000255887,0.004591535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004695825,0.00003783749,0.0009367423,0.00002164952,0.00004639668,0.00001691983,0.00006396262,0.4040936,0.00005278813,0.594191,0.000003667116,0.00006587817],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6413772,0.00003474079,0.3571914,0.0006574733,0.00003900773,0.00007236411,0.000009476662,0.000005272794,0.0006130537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809715,0.00001577202,0.01884362,0.00001820458,0.00005524159,0.000002311685,0.00000236986,0.000007729881,0.00008329147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4039899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3068553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2411107198","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.6b00320","title":"Rationally Designed 2-in-1 Nanoparticles Can Overcome Adaptive Resistance in Cancer","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Nano","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Indo-US Science and Technology Forum; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs; National Cancer Institute; American Lung Association; American Cancer Society","keywords":"Nanomedicine; Context (archaeology); Cancer cell; Cancer; Drug resistance; Cytotoxic T cell; Nanoparticle; Cancer research; Nanotechnology; Biology; Medicine; Materials science; In vitro; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04917888441909286,"gpt":0.3034494900772724,"spread":0.2542706056581795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004378999,0.0001560117,0.0002953262,0.0001004831,0.00003417922,0.000009585163,0.0002177462,0.0000904327,0.0002016952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008809093,0.0001048326,0.00003499827,0.0002542558,0.000110902,0.0001067945,0.00005188954,0.00007576113,0.00004723609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002429458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001266787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005048235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007099099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986013,0.0001511273,0.0004159044,0.0002812441,0.0001940206,0.0003563705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982478,0.001244975,0.0001101148,0.000277276,0.00005915523,0.0000606516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001597753,0.0002142967,0.01391004,0.00005586667,0.00001951298,0.00004354419,0.0006170791,5.075438e-7,0.3089103,0.6744567,0.001309917,0.0003024636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001605412,0.00006950367,0.01819562,0.0004779879,0.00001373406,0.00000323855,0.00005884973,0.000009294613,0.1459774,0.8330278,0.0002503143,0.0003108381],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940153,0.0001452824,0.0003747786,0.002676254,0.00005505352,0.0003288348,0.00002901533,0.00004696136,0.00232849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906727,0.00002115289,0.006472133,0.0001719486,0.00002848416,0.0001587541,7.551272e-7,0.00002028976,0.002453749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.162933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4274951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083089515","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/52/13/001","title":"Dynamics of tumor growth and combination of anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic therapies","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Angiogenesis; Radiation therapy; Cytotoxic T cell; Combination therapy; Cancer research; Medicine; Oncology; Pharmacology; Internal medicine; Biology; In vitro","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09538250360068817,"gpt":0.3641539868801873,"spread":0.2687714832794991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006005746,0.0001050821,0.0004584229,0.00009244895,0.00001693304,8.949261e-7,0.00005720181,0.00006580337,0.000004271464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003224464,0.00007161553,0.00001790078,0.0001300111,0.0007794953,0.00002223741,0.00005242809,0.00008735894,8.80212e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005795635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006490369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002401807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001670602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992786,0.00005611675,0.0003416799,0.0001422536,0.00004835997,0.0001329889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986073,0.001051707,0.0001725322,0.00009383421,0.00004438204,0.00003020858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002040224,0.0001000695,0.07357623,0.0003704065,0.00003398107,0.000001671885,0.0007160014,8.533326e-9,0.05869918,0.865476,0.000006440001,0.0009996621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008886516,0.0004291382,0.02066371,0.00009186628,0.00003751345,0.00001825568,0.0005475098,0.0002391893,0.008971982,0.9680341,0.000001321243,0.00007678968],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956907,0.000408708,0.00287039,0.0004268145,0.00002400537,0.0001446136,0.00000624716,0.000007635997,0.0004208537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981599,0.0002248761,0.001506248,0.00006075282,0.00002890897,0.000002379042,0.000007730094,0.000006472658,0.000002712895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1025581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2920396,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912521584","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2019.01.005","title":"Image-based spatio-temporal model of drug delivery in a heterogeneous vasculature of a solid tumor — Computational approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microvascular Research","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Interstitial space; Drug; Distribution (mathematics); Drug delivery; Blood flow; Doxorubicin; Biomedical engineering; Pharmacokinetics; Permeability (electromagnetism); Vascular permeability; Chemistry; Biophysics; Materials science; Chemotherapy; Biological system; Pathology; Pharmacology; Surgery; Nanotechnology; Medicine; Biology; Cardiology; Mathematics; Membrane; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05183475402065728,"gpt":0.3306793653317136,"spread":0.2788446113110563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003400578,0.0002260801,0.0007726415,0.0005167091,0.00004366797,0.00001638846,0.0005647769,0.0001364617,0.0001329402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003850837,0.0001985382,0.0004057867,0.0005528109,0.0004050217,0.00007751683,0.0002492194,0.0005685957,0.00003784717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001100795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003721169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001122127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003251446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965095,0.0006341044,0.0007529419,0.0004893902,0.001044857,0.0005692065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975655,0.0006907499,0.0001812656,0.0007769886,0.0006857375,0.00009976194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002720471,0.0177765,0.0542629,0.04545507,0.002589891,0.0003176052,0.009223846,0.1893362,0.6217762,0.05097661,0.004921827,0.0006429344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002504043,0.0001211094,0.0001919948,0.000264585,0.00003541866,0.00002890411,0.0001478433,0.8072736,0.1087727,0.08037044,0.00001141652,0.000277875],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864722,0.0001774899,0.01170036,0.00004410926,0.00001268725,0.001149191,0.00003502496,0.00002507329,0.0003838489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8473074,0.000002263463,0.1524383,0.00001922131,0.00001030189,0.00004778125,0.00007435107,0.00004166154,0.00005867939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6179374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8096151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010137065","doi":"10.1007/s11538-011-9653-5","title":"Multi-Stability and Multi-Instability Phenomena in a Mathematical Model of Tumor-Immune-Virus Interactions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Immune system; Instability; Virus; Biology; Stability (learning theory); Tumor cells; Physics; Computer science; Computational biology; Statistical physics; Virology; Immunology; Cancer research; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1268245985791901,"gpt":0.3203788943588796,"spread":0.1935542957796895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002720199,0.0005097885,0.001895753,0.0002281222,0.00005854069,0.000007059057,0.0005917695,0.0003085916,0.004242905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007400941,0.0004006631,0.000294446,0.0002004056,0.001892159,0.00005178511,0.0005545262,0.0005610361,0.0001046437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007441056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000649607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006103574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003559174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952079,0.0006016221,0.002591639,0.0007251604,0.0002148799,0.0006587837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943545,0.003436021,0.000711476,0.001073835,0.000208684,0.0002155159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004523252,0.01459917,0.003169719,0.005369953,0.0001972497,0.00001194627,0.00715638,0.000001322847,0.06469027,0.9038028,0.00008067161,0.0004682493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00221808,0.0003588839,0.0008617606,0.0003850284,0.0001313191,0.00006682875,0.001031896,0.0328637,0.03372537,0.9277705,0.00003478325,0.0005518655],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8939351,0.0001151075,0.08909699,0.0002634207,0.00005139718,0.001500064,0.0001474257,0.000133139,0.01475739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6234608,0.000009153453,0.3762226,0.0000353559,0.00001028479,0.0001222817,0.000003577116,0.00003567797,0.0001002663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2871256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046495918","doi":"10.1137/110843964","title":"Stationary Solutions of a Volume-Filling Chemotaxis Model with Logistic Growth and Their Stability","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ohio State University; City University of Hong Kong; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bifurcation; Mathematics; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Stability (learning theory); Domain (mathematical analysis); Mathematical analysis; Boundary (topology); Bounded function; Chaotic; Neumann boundary condition; Exponential stability; Bifurcation theory; Boundary value problem; Attractor; Applied mathematics; Nonlinear system; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08994717941826566,"gpt":0.2824877765573031,"spread":0.1925405971390374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001663182,0.0004034677,0.000786556,0.0001575955,0.0002683476,0.0000345275,0.0002736464,0.0001576118,0.0001201829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008727751,0.0002622007,0.00011601,0.0002200125,0.0004460199,0.0001519478,0.0001159515,0.0005784052,0.00001566468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008763425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001023015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.55361e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.505636e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997637,0.00006334061,0.0009635753,0.0002445183,0.0004455129,0.0006460382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966586,0.001595282,0.0007660027,0.0004555517,0.0001950672,0.0003295366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009554667,0.001554542,0.0001745582,0.001402047,0.0001634443,0.000002361445,0.004693984,0.00005918795,0.004895602,0.9864712,0.0002717391,0.0002157322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008013231,0.00022728,0.00007905737,0.0002228913,0.0001500326,0.0003028811,0.002254316,0.02344053,0.007294804,0.9648237,0.000009945242,0.0003932008],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.328075,0.00008467884,0.6592994,0.0002456059,0.00004376441,0.0005817121,0.00005675409,0.00008641317,0.01152665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7305004,0.0000202709,0.2692499,0.00005129695,0.00006110607,0.00002932121,0.00000361197,0.00004807759,0.00003596064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4024254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020685534","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0110714","title":"Nonequilibrium Population Dynamics of Phenotype Conversion of Cancer Cells","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cancer cell; Cell sorting; Carcinogenesis; Biology; Population; Cancer; Dynamics (music); Cell; Phenotype; Cell growth; Evolutionary dynamics; Genetics; Physics; Gene; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03924542832962427,"gpt":0.2624761839403852,"spread":0.2232307556107609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002146839,0.00009125203,0.0003859774,0.00004905674,0.00001381691,0.000001936641,0.0001293741,0.00008544778,0.0002975855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003124817,0.00008008668,0.00004589473,0.00009090563,0.00006589335,0.00003686963,0.00005508852,0.00007243321,0.00001718242],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003514745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001078155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008558678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002625901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991221,0.00005808151,0.0003487595,0.0001231073,0.0002237454,0.0001241623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989347,0.0003579248,0.0002828944,0.0002688601,0.0001174618,0.00003811634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001444759,0.003361288,0.05879371,0.009688313,0.0004618289,6.581322e-7,0.0004201424,0.00001040499,0.6360311,0.2905717,0.0002382309,0.0002781182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007349646,0.0002719936,0.005177279,0.00063439,0.0005582953,2.667942e-7,0.00003122404,0.0824305,0.7593817,0.1505373,0.000004152059,0.0002379512],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967144,0.00001658155,0.0008018804,0.00009435361,0.00003663361,0.0001899914,0.00002675815,0.00003127774,0.002088173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839928,0.000005943587,0.01569387,0.00001384253,0.00003049891,0.000005684485,0.0000152863,0.00001661415,0.0002255347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1400345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.326584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3118654906","doi":"10.1038/s42003-020-01529-5","title":"Reciprocal interactions between tumour cell populations enhance growth and reduce radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Oxford Cancer Imaging Centre; Breast Cancer Now; Karolinska Institutet; University of Oxford; Research Councils UK; Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan; Cancer Research UK","keywords":"Radioresistance; Prostate cancer; Radiation sensitivity; Radiation therapy; Biology; Cancer research; Population; Cell; Prostate; Cancer; Cancer cell; Radiobiology; Oncology; Medicine; Internal medicine; Genetics; Irradiation; Environmental health; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0954142703399537,"gpt":0.4069471793834101,"spread":0.3115329090434564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000432859,0.0001566908,0.0003422379,0.0001295674,0.0002177979,0.00002032131,0.0002313106,0.0001114042,0.000039209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001321588,0.0001561789,0.00004630383,0.0003987499,0.000275289,0.0001170705,0.0003819189,0.0004551705,0.0000150148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008834848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001029909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000143792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001488457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980919,0.0007957798,0.0004964612,0.0003191726,0.00004987822,0.0002468172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969584,0.00179395,0.0002042957,0.0008234739,0.0001465811,0.00007328433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002618768,0.0008199239,0.4969853,0.000238996,0.00006137376,0.00001128683,0.002470672,0.000002505973,0.1090381,0.3801401,0.0007290553,0.009476467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009174534,0.00007920963,0.1979703,0.0002246299,0.0001550442,0.00009353433,0.0006567434,0.001694188,0.0863122,0.7094627,0.001770362,0.0006636275],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808221,0.001106528,0.002580634,0.01073025,0.0001173954,0.0004413874,0.0001226581,0.0000964783,0.003982511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714072,0.0006814636,0.02717987,0.000093947,0.00004537922,0.0001790669,0.0002117965,0.0000175286,0.0001837977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3293226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6368792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077768973","doi":"10.1080/10273660600968937","title":"Derivation of the Tumour Control Probability (TCP) from a Cell Cycle Model","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; University of Alberta","keywords":"Probability model; Computer science; Control (management); Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05501483709920305,"gpt":0.3743549321042009,"spread":0.3193400950049978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00189636,0.0001881668,0.0006388928,0.00006105483,0.00005646249,0.000005950805,0.0002124302,0.0001018242,0.00009870547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003113094,0.0001095698,0.00006985856,0.0002048775,0.0005295387,0.00004339132,0.00008889379,0.0002140437,0.000002176974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003233584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000395786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002002582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003576932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977745,0.0004844554,0.0009397541,0.0002759354,0.0003356077,0.0001897848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9915982,0.007698162,0.0002857775,0.000244948,0.0001152492,0.00005762116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003043974,0.000477096,0.0005843072,0.0006251701,0.00001566251,0.000001244163,0.0004841879,0.001826468,0.008291808,0.9868823,0.0002347239,0.0005466212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008137291,0.0000233457,0.002614323,0.0001431623,0.00004432264,0.00000442944,0.00003344581,0.308137,0.0009146988,0.687196,0.000001759245,0.00007382403],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2449643,0.00005818137,0.7502025,0.001301143,0.00003077762,0.0004571095,0.00001084761,0.00002559028,0.002949585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.463908,5.27877e-7,0.5358589,0.0001262661,0.00003340638,0.00002887153,0.000003172103,0.000009030106,0.00003187233],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3063105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4468128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965378656","doi":"10.1007/s10440-013-9823-6","title":"Global Bifurcation Diagrams of Steady States of Systems of PDEs via Rigorous Numerics: a 3-Component Reaction-Diffusion System","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Applicandae Mathematicae","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; Mathematical proof; Bifurcation; Partial differential equation; Reaction–diffusion system; Bifurcation diagram; Applied mathematics; Work (physics); Diffusion; Component (thermodynamics); Calculus (dental); Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Nonlinear system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01394817289321441,"gpt":0.2568877634615163,"spread":0.2429395905683019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008608937,0.0004312059,0.001608139,0.000152533,0.00006637128,0.0000247049,0.0005853989,0.0002350525,0.00009396112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003413263,0.0003254443,0.0002394195,0.0005363424,0.0003702763,0.0001472434,0.0001854273,0.0001453755,0.0000547878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001803145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006563064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000770299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001378517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960233,0.0002061392,0.002160203,0.0004315859,0.000743556,0.0004351938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944872,0.001607234,0.002080081,0.001146625,0.0005013845,0.0001774217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001016364,0.002889149,0.003020628,0.02230752,0.000555128,0.000003599104,0.00216925,0.000008432875,0.1939264,0.7725986,0.001081553,0.00133813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003303498,0.001215709,0.007404764,0.004499123,0.001148885,0.0003881205,0.01422351,0.03993416,0.05543541,0.8707346,0.0001723345,0.001539897],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9482519,0.000080708,0.04575852,0.00006782842,0.00009480201,0.002552952,0.0001139122,0.0001591593,0.002920215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860023,0.00001634277,0.01324926,0.000005684353,0.00003788339,0.000559102,0.00003155283,0.00005012997,0.00004777079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.138491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160268764","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.02.001","title":"Mathematical modeling of ovarian cancer treatments: Sequencing of surgery and chemotherapy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo; Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Ovarian cancer; Context (archaeology); Chemotherapy; Cancer; Medicine; Oncology; Surgery; Internal medicine; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04428306922056572,"gpt":0.3197755029806625,"spread":0.2754924337600968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001404451,0.0001980312,0.001155843,0.0001712404,0.00002574474,0.000005234975,0.0001876302,0.000221607,0.0008179302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001198529,0.0001259498,0.0002572073,0.0001214917,0.0009037036,0.00004599902,0.00005125775,0.0002020181,0.000001920126],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005905342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009711691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001052957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.062025e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977341,0.0002413896,0.001429244,0.0001580104,0.0001665435,0.000270658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960284,0.002713548,0.0007374625,0.000209997,0.0002222015,0.00008837455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000219454,0.0002642235,0.001616344,0.0002531986,0.0002016023,0.000009170909,0.00009550487,0.00001220538,0.01264379,0.9840674,0.00004858919,0.0005685425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006120502,0.0002483675,0.00007122732,0.0002520632,0.0001714277,0.0001900373,0.00005362702,0.004901264,0.01148988,0.9818938,0.000005119531,0.0001111293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9666177,0.0002938416,0.02995116,0.0006832771,0.00006359907,0.000130886,0.00001744196,0.00001106067,0.002231059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9707307,0.00008296284,0.02899191,0.00004274266,0.0001025035,0.000003904949,0.000001176196,0.00002055641,0.00002359618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004889059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8955762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755804993","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005724","title":"Quantifying the effects of antiangiogenic and chemotherapy drug combinations on drug delivery and treatment efficacy","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Computational Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu","keywords":"Extravasation; Angiogenesis; Drug; Drug delivery; Tumor microenvironment; Medicine; Pharmacology; Cancer research; Chemotherapy; Pathology; Tumor cells; Internal medicine; Nanotechnology; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05111838824647431,"gpt":0.3246519065266745,"spread":0.2735335182802002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001713854,0.0001537582,0.0003058339,0.0000607531,0.0003541127,0.0000250554,0.0001750368,0.00005299773,0.000009431807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000518539,0.00009600341,0.00006294356,0.00002985805,0.0004779305,0.00003181557,0.00007345137,0.00007147459,0.000006699987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000189105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002272658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001594787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001187353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991665,0.0001489784,0.0002237568,0.0002255985,0.00007880427,0.0001563125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933985,0.006009718,0.0002284049,0.0002587583,0.00006063099,0.00004401926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001177919,0.001870693,0.03491491,0.0003631227,0.0008401258,0.000008831928,0.002487229,0.000006086527,0.005178402,0.9447864,0.0004614777,0.008964878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005915796,0.0008496999,0.1939459,0.0002518061,0.0002554423,0.00003293385,0.0000879507,0.007330106,0.01347095,0.7773882,0.0001023555,0.0003688178],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968301,0.000176119,0.000166252,0.002067586,0.00006083301,0.0004519963,0.00001529802,0.00002810711,0.0002037185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968428,0.00007988588,0.002831,0.0001300108,0.00002745251,0.0000252271,0.0000138085,0.00001233829,0.00003748859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1673983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3914905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3028823371","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105399","title":"Drug delivery to solid tumors with heterogeneous microvascular networks: Novel insights from image-based numerical modeling","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Drug; Drug delivery; Solid tumor; Pharmacology; Extracellular matrix; Chemotherapy; Medicine; Cancer; Chemistry; Biomedical engineering; Cancer research; Materials science; Internal medicine; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07370267968588567,"gpt":0.3165235152720426,"spread":0.242820835586157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001250842,0.0003009176,0.0005892423,0.00009696799,0.0002045206,0.0001449213,0.001049897,0.00002479799,0.0001419553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056777,0.0001905613,0.0002241003,0.0005328023,0.0003951506,0.0001959006,0.0001985717,0.0005329718,0.0000724756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000408212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001172762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002804931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.013365e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968367,0.0005731283,0.0008971449,0.0004386989,0.0007287214,0.0005255688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977297,0.0006027484,0.0003066519,0.0001721887,0.0002099732,0.0009787248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003508852,0.003150921,0.0009736654,0.0004797373,0.001334837,0.01112382,0.006520711,0.5633547,0.3932803,0.004371985,0.004474252,0.007426192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001694484,0.0009030209,0.00002732602,0.0003204188,0.0002215902,0.000209876,0.0001892102,0.9621331,0.03178624,0.001421083,0.0006076947,0.0004859513],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5483254,0.0001963554,0.4491788,0.001711505,0.00007309871,0.0001317682,0.000003216315,0.00004391909,0.000335973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8696055,0.000007688105,0.1267946,0.003193813,0.0003597136,0.00000109721,6.899414e-7,0.00003478449,0.000002080532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3987784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7770866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2343285928","doi":"10.1007/s11538-016-0161-5","title":"Feedback Regulation in a Cancer Stem Cell Model can Cause an Allee Effect","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Allee effect; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Biology; Cancer; Stem cell; Cell biology; Medicine; Genetics; Population; Environmental health","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04378508260500066,"gpt":0.3104073317946487,"spread":0.2666222491896481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001403229,0.0004108776,0.001103331,0.000167324,0.00004312779,0.000008770605,0.0005018456,0.0004589944,0.002346613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007321874,0.0002458232,0.0001597012,0.0001343841,0.0005548549,0.00002927498,0.0001796761,0.0002122756,0.0002234317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001239442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006320862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002928265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004616733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968114,0.0006051857,0.001114538,0.0006019694,0.0002244733,0.0006423796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954181,0.003098115,0.0003961344,0.0007801332,0.0001059266,0.0002015607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004215284,0.001700837,0.002138561,0.002117544,0.0001214468,0.00001899358,0.0009529527,0.0000161878,0.07685289,0.9059499,0.004651013,0.005058144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002552892,0.0008340899,0.0002232502,0.0005484121,0.0001126553,0.00002769264,0.00005912705,0.002478298,0.04232576,0.9499471,0.0003430618,0.0005476245],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740679,0.00006634506,0.01353971,0.004026765,0.00006934052,0.001054538,0.00008864275,0.0001529889,0.00693375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980819,0.00002512035,0.01648231,0.0001326765,0.00005227026,0.0002508968,0.000006261983,0.00006340257,0.002168044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04399724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118848215","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20204","title":"Mathematical modelling of avascular tumour growth based on diffusion of nutrients and its validation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National University of Singapore","keywords":"Nutrient; Diffusion; Avascular necrosis; Cell growth; Chemistry; Biology; Biochemistry; Anatomy; Ecology; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02201104524329632,"gpt":0.214564026566926,"spread":0.1925529813236297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006141425,0.0001384797,0.0003986085,0.0001632396,0.0000267755,0.000009989936,0.0002283748,0.00009302291,0.00002282167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001295074,0.00009601301,0.0001172162,0.0001369154,0.00004912062,0.00004662004,0.000009765243,0.0002655331,8.530941e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005838469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008175575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009736244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.178019e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988436,0.00003054397,0.0005670532,0.00008432261,0.0002752532,0.0001992708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987378,0.0004826656,0.0002401977,0.0001341944,0.0001637464,0.0002414],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001260484,0.0003826927,0.0001071555,0.00185103,0.0001492291,0.00005540446,0.001404017,0.02003094,0.4953201,0.4803053,0.0001001217,0.0001679691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005475025,0.0001255473,0.00002431119,0.0007318456,0.00008845187,0.00005883372,0.000009095979,0.3208079,0.5664362,0.1110457,0.00000171238,0.0001228725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739133,0.00006371796,0.02541629,0.0003117136,0.00002493576,0.00011689,0.000004081802,0.000006679306,0.0001423599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993417,0.000001817697,0.006503378,0.0000228518,0.00003655468,8.962531e-7,8.058302e-7,0.00001402173,0.000002690918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3692595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3915297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}