{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1589,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1589,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"6fb1f226b602","filters":{"topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies"}},"results":[{"id":"W2080760754","doi":"10.1021/cr800208y","title":"Surface Modifications for Antifouling Membranes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Reviews","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Phone; Citation; Social media; Library science; World Wide Web; Computer science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Dipak Rana","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1323987953839698,"gpt":0.380566298540737,"spread":0.2481675031567672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003162728,0.0006960973,0.000419121,0.0006168866,0.0004264214,0.0004851521,0.0004874681,0.000756057,0.06477388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004535595,0.0003225152,0.000587382,0.0004804566,0.0001212172,0.0008180693,0.0007063915,0.001170789,0.02412074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003046174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001756806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002501259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006355128,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995797,0.00002754087,0.00002057197,0.00006050522,0.0002305781,0.000081096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998331,0.0000283563,0.00002329598,0.00003344909,0.00005542399,0.00002637329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001781305,0.0001450082,0.0002898007,0.0006929914,0.00004732959,0.0002393631,0.00006872998,0.0001661095,0.8311494,0.002190042,0.05079905,0.114034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003580327,0.000366551,0.001942734,0.00005424708,0.00003188009,0.0004288054,0.0000375365,0.0006754415,0.6457952,0.0005082833,0.350091,0.00003252766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.3342709,0.08605219,0.112469,0.01119717,0.02884001,0.001946346,0.01354927,0.01194583,0.3997292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5021042,0.03813126,0.05070702,0.003312208,0.001536731,0.0007969353,0.01092489,0.002077167,0.3904095],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06477388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2166902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905091597","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.076","title":"The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1870,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"Global Affairs Canada; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Government of Canada","keywords":"Desalination; Brine; Water scarcity; Environmental science; Surface runoff; Water resources; Water supply; Environmental engineering; Scarcity; Water resource management; Environmental protection; Natural resource economics; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Edward R. Jones","is_ca":true},{"name":"Manzoor Qadir","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle T. H. van Vliet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vladimir Smakhtin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Seong-mu Kang","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02108217004475473,"gpt":0.2717486054525517,"spread":0.250666435407797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001315334,0.001284626,0.001469441,0.002864101,0.0003642368,0.001876662,0.001039376,0.001908641,0.005609111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009984386,0.0003852895,0.0007625591,0.004602119,0.000778083,0.003539926,0.00130685,0.001929458,0.001598478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001158459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003357576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002682365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005726531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996533,0.00004528881,0.00003543069,0.00006866448,0.0001434373,0.00005384759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992066,0.0002629618,0.0001852013,0.00001675981,0.0002463458,0.00008220596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001186907,0.0001095263,0.000434167,0.03377643,0.0001095841,0.0001899123,0.00007870379,0.001063307,0.004730909,0.01031573,0.02768545,0.9213877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001071619,0.0001303733,0.001163618,0.005501165,0.000171681,0.0004294852,0.0001655791,0.0002172616,0.0008154321,0.004979403,0.9863852,0.00003016178],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001396668,0.9982483,0.0001115381,0.0005133709,0.0001838628,0.000002275559,0.00002869605,0.000004715828,0.000767524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007378797,0.9984189,0.0001345655,0.0001787551,0.0001406972,0.000002451393,0.00002960476,9.262536e-7,0.0003561529],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005609111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01876438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059536328","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.02.014","title":"Ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge: A review","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":797,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sonication; Sewage sludge; Biogas; Pulp and paper industry; Biogas production; Sewage treatment; Wastewater; Waste management; Anaerobic digestion; Environmental science; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Chromatography; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Sridhar Pilli","is_ca":true},{"name":"Puspendu Bhunia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ronald J. LeBlanc","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. D. Tyagi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rao Y. Surampalli","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02269388498043014,"gpt":0.3045315397749659,"spread":0.2818376547945358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004439401,0.001183668,0.001633279,0.00225551,0.0002534848,0.0007535945,0.0008558305,0.0009509075,0.002060349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004478089,0.000458734,0.0004913732,0.002992936,0.0004013574,0.001266089,0.0005724746,0.0008328255,0.002008678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004308558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000996294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001258747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002396487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998304,0.00001526186,0.00002706732,0.00004254266,0.00006811893,0.00001654375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997287,0.0001003453,0.00005266782,0.00001146063,0.00008681569,0.00001996823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009389489,0.0001225993,0.000190943,0.02025668,0.00008381879,0.0002011203,0.00004070419,0.0005609416,0.01406829,0.001036393,0.01077356,0.952571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002910892,0.0002633201,0.001654917,0.002645379,0.0003178659,0.00141563,0.0001010457,0.0003397955,0.01450222,0.001080279,0.9776009,0.00004940985],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005379853,0.9974505,0.0006533705,0.00009781728,0.000185431,0.000009858386,0.00002979835,0.00001216334,0.001022955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001237925,0.9967533,0.0007472747,0.00007687809,0.0001225729,0.000009067541,0.0000486823,0.000002724739,0.001001661],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00225551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006892562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W236041936","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.037","title":"A review on polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes: History, applications, challenges and approaches","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":756,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Thin-film composite membrane; Membrane; Nanofiltration; Polyamide; Forward osmosis; Nanocomposite; Reverse osmosis; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Biofouling; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen Gray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daryoush Emadzadeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Paul Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3198059234888001,"gpt":0.3853141853992421,"spread":0.06550826191044196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005027815,0.000778941,0.001366219,0.002388797,0.0003110562,0.0008396787,0.0006587894,0.0007195552,0.001934009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006020034,0.0003000362,0.0005611744,0.0025395,0.0002696915,0.001394778,0.0005775129,0.000923818,0.0007631457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004844432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001277194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001064447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002746743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998123,0.00002155796,0.0000325962,0.00003635633,0.00007688925,0.00002036772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997361,0.0001050305,0.00005857147,0.000005684767,0.00007496579,0.00001971058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009413503,0.00009603315,0.0002464522,0.0575777,0.0001405515,0.0002756708,0.00008547135,0.0003477983,0.01272829,0.002465016,0.02197419,0.9039688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001177148,0.0001506401,0.0008661502,0.005259788,0.0002530243,0.0008571722,0.00008670001,0.0001018465,0.003310625,0.001036,0.9880306,0.00003566185],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002260309,0.9988493,0.0001566305,0.0001453436,0.0001153603,0.000004412389,0.00002212039,0.000004922808,0.0004758701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006934343,0.9984951,0.0002401605,0.0001088265,0.0000656851,0.000004254992,0.00002301596,8.469615e-7,0.0003687355],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002388797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006469965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795145445","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.058","title":"Wetting phenomena in membrane distillation: Mechanisms, reversal, and prevention","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":727,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Wetting; Membrane; Membrane distillation; Fouling; Membrane fouling; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering; Desalination","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Rezaei","is_ca":false},{"name":"David M. Warsinger","is_ca":false},{"name":"John H. Lienhard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mikel Duke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wolfgang Samhaber","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1304424115713696,"gpt":0.3977653919880383,"spread":0.2673229804166688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009372177,0.001494506,0.002237451,0.003206899,0.0004991945,0.001614173,0.001405224,0.001775361,0.002090502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011393,0.0005309648,0.0007362559,0.003550123,0.00103374,0.00239618,0.001041251,0.001744848,0.001102381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007546426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001572232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001498883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002730804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995968,0.00004988618,0.00004785243,0.00009192202,0.0001690948,0.00004445342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993136,0.0003464459,0.0001334794,0.00002343348,0.0001466531,0.00003644311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008956504,0.0001330614,0.00032251,0.04047514,0.0001492027,0.0002084103,0.0001028096,0.0006652968,0.006679618,0.007105892,0.008929946,0.9351385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003682155,0.0002759423,0.001758102,0.007118785,0.0004317942,0.001982959,0.0002041194,0.0005216729,0.01079938,0.007396539,0.9693753,0.00009869324],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001638554,0.9990845,0.0001666404,0.000109459,0.00008440433,0.000004861248,0.00001037136,0.000003600476,0.0003723602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008995637,0.9984961,0.000166075,0.00005159569,0.00008730024,0.000005299925,0.00001276043,7.40822e-7,0.0002805553],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003206899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006993473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969093665","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2005.07.010","title":"State-of-the-art of membrane bioreactors: Worldwide research and commercial applications in North America","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":586,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; China; Business; Engineering; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Wenbo Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nazim Çiçek","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Ilg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02756132172296057,"gpt":0.3104970314727047,"spread":0.2829357097497442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01198472,0.0007172005,0.001129195,0.003739946,0.001289887,0.005700075,0.001869144,0.002333748,0.003432094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007435678,0.0005310124,0.0006235161,0.006174648,0.003123179,0.005254156,0.001424491,0.001369929,0.001128532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005384992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007457696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01218018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02240628,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994837,0.001051675,0.0006204421,0.0009688705,0.002156496,0.0003653971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9802892,0.005471332,0.003581645,0.000874972,0.008946529,0.0008363664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007168622,0.0003997106,0.02122469,0.003300301,0.0001242635,0.0002417322,0.0009402581,0.001766617,0.05790954,0.008554002,0.005158421,0.8996636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005883831,0.002288868,0.1818276,0.005909486,0.0006995987,0.004441281,0.005996491,0.008266634,0.1651707,0.01413777,0.6108178,0.0003849135],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.160405,0.771612,0.01949952,0.01711713,0.0003130991,0.00007955286,0.0005564882,0.0002642037,0.03015304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5629745,0.4023427,0.02575012,0.001758792,0.0006077096,0.00007645206,0.001003398,0.00008069443,0.005405626],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01218018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06338203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332159895","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.024","title":"Thermophysical properties of seawater: A review and new correlations that include pressure dependence","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":586,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Massachusetts Clean Energy Center; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Seawater; Thermodynamics; Enthalpy; Isobaric process; Compressibility; Chemistry; Salinity; Heat capacity; Work (physics); Isothermal process; Geology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Kishor G. Nayar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mostafa H. Sharqawy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leonardo D. Banchik","is_ca":false},{"name":"John H. Lienhard","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07768760973655285,"gpt":0.3093060974950578,"spread":0.231618487758505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005620627,0.001445519,0.002195444,0.002448285,0.0002789074,0.0009573823,0.0009223116,0.0007441439,0.001679532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008369902,0.0004816605,0.0008830964,0.004011339,0.0006714413,0.002165048,0.0008823011,0.0013797,0.0007453496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000444464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001006174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009184569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001308366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997377,0.00002586639,0.00004400122,0.00007707754,0.00009541017,0.00001997182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995152,0.0002293879,0.0001032715,0.00001856076,0.0001145108,0.00001908536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001033629,0.0001178096,0.0008030538,0.0456841,0.0002383207,0.0002109761,0.0001174548,0.001428407,0.01602825,0.003606557,0.008976048,0.9226858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002986201,0.0004319936,0.005170373,0.006111234,0.0008974151,0.002144314,0.000243412,0.001429376,0.02127924,0.006602783,0.9554535,0.0002065589],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007407811,0.997785,0.0005113042,0.0001248367,0.0001146428,0.000005127857,0.00004524785,0.000007674435,0.0006654567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002537109,0.9962877,0.0004867835,0.00009422842,0.0001555595,0.00000841416,0.00004662333,0.000002818143,0.0003807318],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002448285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005618632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991726205","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2007.05.019","title":"Heat and mass transfer analysis in direct contact membrane distillation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":524,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane distillation; Heat transfer coefficient; Mass transfer coefficient; Mass transfer; Thermodynamics; Film temperature; Heat transfer; Churchill–Bernstein equation; Chemistry; Heat flux; Membrane; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Desalination; Nusselt number","authors":[{"name":"M. Qtaishat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"Boguslaw Kruczek","is_ca":true},{"name":"M. Khayet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01060553869016002,"gpt":0.2495852288206626,"spread":0.2389796901305026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002031206,0.0002269538,0.0004189506,0.0003130758,0.0004566151,0.0004964382,0.0003964129,0.0004750723,0.00253799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006255961,0.0001744743,0.0002566228,0.0002474203,0.0005091602,0.0006335757,0.000293819,0.0005700119,0.0003686972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005540407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002831306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002258874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001577569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998216,0.00001869112,0.000004071725,0.00003325615,0.00009212254,0.00003033221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996331,0.0002485277,0.00001571166,0.0000260938,0.00006015885,0.00001636068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001389635,0.0001512973,0.001586133,0.0001664863,0.0000193418,0.00008155436,0.0001601695,0.004508408,0.9786133,0.0008903404,0.0002264299,0.01220699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002832704,0.0002561143,0.005688535,0.00000215759,0.00001356008,0.00004290816,0.0000462214,0.02623201,0.9670373,0.0001664943,0.0004763492,0.000009964346],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937704,0.0003326113,0.004369211,0.00003042348,0.00002022316,0.00001649053,0.00007785403,0.00005553411,0.001327222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977848,0.00009162178,0.0004285417,0.000006856584,0.000006033834,0.00001145351,0.00003950364,0.00001025459,0.001620943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00253799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008490443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079108395","doi":"10.1021/la027083c","title":"Effect of Membrane Surface Roughness on Colloid−Membrane DLVO Interactions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":486,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"DLVO theory; Membrane; Colloid; Surface roughness; Surface finish; Chemical physics; Particle (ecology); Deposition (geology); Materials science; Nanotechnology; Surface energy; Particle deposition; Interaction energy; Chemistry; Composite material; Physical chemistry; Molecule; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Eric M.V. Hoek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Subir Bhattacharjee","is_ca":true},{"name":"Menachem Elimelech","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01013656219944602,"gpt":0.2666129071264863,"spread":0.2564763449270402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005898867,0.0004750539,0.0004059123,0.0002465874,0.0003930784,0.0007535294,0.0003151826,0.000661132,0.0008059369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002438666,0.0003099086,0.0005605352,0.0001386166,0.000345761,0.000521465,0.0004826597,0.0006138831,0.0002860438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003461623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001703501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001198336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008344981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993815,0.0001160935,0.00003018018,0.00006038867,0.0002625802,0.0001492163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986879,0.000923596,0.0001159358,0.00008395081,0.0001224118,0.00006624345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002054701,0.00003982433,0.001412254,0.000110781,0.00004567868,0.0002177006,0.00006513217,0.008632718,0.984159,0.0007737702,0.00008045395,0.004257419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002402943,0.0002689594,0.00353382,0.00001049332,0.00005809621,0.0001233681,0.00006226089,0.04668855,0.9481412,0.0003549114,0.0007056869,0.00002858463],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925914,0.00112845,0.004472586,0.0001051847,0.00003286318,0.00001378116,0.00004002675,0.00006011357,0.001555601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983504,0.0004146904,0.0008758277,0.0000228093,0.000005091355,0.000005370756,0.00002776086,0.0000130017,0.000285109],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001198336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003119707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2433635125","doi":"10.3390/membranes6020033","title":"Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: Membrane Fouling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":471,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane fouling; Fouling; Membrane bioreactor; Quorum Quenching; Wastewater; Environmental science; Sewage treatment; Membrane; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Engineering; Quorum sensing","authors":[{"name":"Oliver Terna Iorhemen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rania Hamza","is_ca":true},{"name":"J.H. Tay","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04496667195957447,"gpt":0.3071800662667298,"spread":0.2622133943071553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007606804,0.0008892899,0.001195521,0.001075619,0.0007347927,0.001072072,0.000784903,0.00206249,0.001094657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003944825,0.0003020896,0.00100436,0.001009272,0.000410633,0.001190394,0.0008100858,0.001395478,0.001608513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001471971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007030623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001466618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001570359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999061,0.0001410469,0.00006100594,0.0001654074,0.0004565899,0.0001149088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998011,0.00003197555,0.00005114276,0.00001923559,0.00007599458,0.00002058881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006825979,0.00006078892,0.0003134595,0.001527348,0.00004646455,0.0001880953,0.00005331899,0.0005139149,0.9416072,0.001085438,0.001092049,0.05344373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001909341,0.0005003367,0.002103508,0.0001596231,0.00008196922,0.001465649,0.00007194542,0.003355761,0.9154346,0.0006562839,0.07609877,0.00005239899],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.2830167,0.3786156,0.3082722,0.005205204,0.001922895,0.00047572,0.001048373,0.003764089,0.01767938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7152063,0.1332857,0.1268401,0.001527939,0.0004134027,0.0003056956,0.001049446,0.0002159904,0.02115534],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00206249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0106799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164393780","doi":"10.1139/s02-020","title":"Advanced technologies in water and wastewater treatment","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":444,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wastewater; Sewage treatment; Filtration (mathematics); Water treatment; Environmental science; Emerging technologies; Waste management; Biochemical engineering; Industrial wastewater treatment; Population; Business; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Haibo Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel W. Smith","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006541397130616558,"gpt":0.1826478058426084,"spread":0.1761064087119919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008133949,0.0007065624,0.0008499244,0.001349329,0.0007137569,0.001412825,0.001037095,0.002006509,0.003124528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004517529,0.0003609214,0.0005090238,0.001603261,0.001469364,0.002021427,0.001552645,0.002482827,0.002668189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00101294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007128376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005194113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005700676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988549,0.0002110095,0.00006034775,0.0001507292,0.0006145886,0.0001084956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998351,0.00005644,0.00002527668,0.00001426414,0.00005141279,0.00001753523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001448744,0.0003375349,0.0006198696,0.007116369,0.00009065905,0.001078749,0.0004590497,0.006907548,0.1774479,0.1792693,0.01358713,0.612941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003725923,0.0005605612,0.0007031897,0.0009458852,0.00003843035,0.002601178,0.0001885596,0.002827869,0.09224165,0.09954412,0.8002321,0.0000791964],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.008895581,0.8744332,0.07672668,0.002669298,0.002000583,0.0001400884,0.00008743438,0.000192159,0.03485494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1001926,0.7924541,0.07093965,0.001763538,0.002169017,0.0002702105,0.0002339869,0.00004911799,0.03192787],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003124528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01045263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014569321","doi":"10.1080/10643380600678146","title":"Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors: Applications and Research Directions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":426,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Bioreactor; Biochemical engineering; Anaerobic exercise; Membrane; Chemistry; Environmental science; Process engineering; Biotechnology; Biology; Engineering; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jeremy Kraemer","is_ca":true},{"name":"David M. Bagley","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02735943204239516,"gpt":0.3348821658745262,"spread":0.3075227338321311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002984069,0.001267543,0.001280199,0.001598427,0.0005318287,0.0027703,0.001428666,0.003349039,0.003346824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001113951,0.0005792436,0.0006932671,0.002545833,0.0009577696,0.004103819,0.000776667,0.002094255,0.002315817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001248987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001649771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009961692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001686791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991725,0.0001733572,0.00006797926,0.0001766928,0.0003246513,0.00008476049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985563,0.0004633435,0.0001740178,0.00006997422,0.0005758961,0.0001603838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003132456,0.0005243421,0.001355143,0.008714044,0.00006897294,0.0005184587,0.0001981209,0.001976419,0.06884011,0.01578251,0.01388379,0.8878248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008115338,0.001832038,0.003161541,0.003286823,0.0001515039,0.003055983,0.0007650949,0.005493453,0.05943337,0.03400733,0.8885696,0.0001620238],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004961852,0.974182,0.009459579,0.005795115,0.0004439351,0.0000307661,0.00006592876,0.00009847875,0.004962359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01686607,0.9652998,0.01294791,0.0011383,0.0006088217,0.00004531134,0.0001270332,0.00001616495,0.002950615],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003349039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0157814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2289018978","doi":"10.1038/srep22069","title":"A Novel Approach Toward Fabrication of High Performance Thin Film Composite Polyamide Membranes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":371,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Membrane; Interfacial polymerization; Polyamide; Thin-film composite membrane; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Nanofiltration; Permeation; Aqueous solution; Microporous material; Composite number; Polymer chemistry; Reverse osmosis; Polymer; Composite material; Chemistry; Monomer; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Behnam Khorshidi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Thundat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian A. Fleck","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohtada Sadrzadeh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01873149607375698,"gpt":0.2239703092245246,"spread":0.2052388131507676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003657627,0.0007759243,0.0003607821,0.0004927806,0.0003408294,0.0003806088,0.0006772808,0.0007813825,0.0005378446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002511291,0.0003841685,0.0004773542,0.0002951186,0.0003263204,0.0007207179,0.0003839492,0.001149194,0.0004148103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003376049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003489486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000251643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004008737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997315,0.00002641333,0.00002362123,0.00007084676,0.0001142769,0.00003334391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998634,0.00002064618,0.00004620656,0.0000173386,0.00003546146,0.00001689143],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006679897,0.00001255016,0.00002369171,0.0000910952,0.000005913869,0.0000632929,0.00001442713,0.0000909067,0.9963794,0.0003023731,0.00005289777,0.002956794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006619072,0.00006258567,0.0001690303,0.000004832629,0.00001087515,0.000399953,0.00000676989,0.0008449851,0.9924592,0.0000850189,0.005941308,0.000008762042],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2709334,0.01014473,0.7093148,0.0006871397,0.0004367322,0.0004742193,0.000303996,0.001324186,0.006380847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4828034,0.007707586,0.5030466,0.0002649802,0.0001363625,0.0004793793,0.0003722151,0.00008940704,0.005100142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007813825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002449453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2237523201","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.139","title":"Membrane processes for removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from water and wastewaters","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":368,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Membrane; Reverse osmosis; Water quality; Water treatment; Chemistry; Membrane technology; Bioreactor; Membrane bioreactor; Biochemical engineering; Adsorption; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry; Biology; Biochemistry; Ecology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mehrdad Taheran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Satinder Kaur Brar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Monu Verma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rao Y. Surampalli","is_ca":false},{"name":"T.C. Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"José R. Lerma Valero","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03355816447330938,"gpt":0.2899429448439254,"spread":0.256384780370616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005929258,0.001146343,0.001523696,0.002518349,0.0003278117,0.0008680683,0.0009522026,0.001040814,0.001568272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003619084,0.0003642227,0.0008505515,0.00278536,0.000393975,0.001193859,0.0008727559,0.001181719,0.00135341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005155546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008472953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001161674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002047592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997348,0.000028007,0.00003053005,0.00004080438,0.0001299456,0.00003590368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998447,0.00005002969,0.00004247973,0.000006086784,0.00004432021,0.00001242225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001322056,0.0001633522,0.0001814782,0.03199536,0.000243566,0.0003327228,0.00007833687,0.0007485974,0.02417275,0.003515794,0.00922462,0.9292113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003053078,0.0002065322,0.001419478,0.002751065,0.0003061497,0.001431934,0.00007758272,0.0003173541,0.01321262,0.001670825,0.9785274,0.00004857013],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006275837,0.9980088,0.0003641046,0.0001107287,0.00009639675,0.00000691693,0.00001846627,0.000005668675,0.0007614431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002435369,0.9958594,0.0004911285,0.00005785603,0.0000566413,0.000007254201,0.00003804857,0.000001562344,0.001052626],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002518349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005246341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056305974","doi":"10.1021/ie010553y","title":"Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes for Membrane Distillation","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":351,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Polyvinylidene fluoride; Membrane; Membrane distillation; Materials science; Porosity; Chemical engineering; Dimethylacetamide; Solvent; Fluoride; Distillation; Casting; Polymer; Chromatography; Composite material; Chemistry; Desalination; Organic chemistry; Inorganic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"M. Khayet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05585272289288166,"gpt":0.3233510871121587,"spread":0.267498364219277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008229304,0.0005631601,0.0008210678,0.0007170943,0.0005464759,0.0004623531,0.0005189674,0.000618576,0.001639324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001337298,0.0002367666,0.0004125499,0.0005930733,0.0002291813,0.0005145383,0.0001902522,0.0007730541,0.001012851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002971806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003759939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005531391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007079294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995341,0.00004939254,0.00004773389,0.00006485695,0.0002173707,0.00008653018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999395,0.0001700224,0.0000783483,0.00007613668,0.000229034,0.00005146622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003083954,0.00001965308,0.0000934518,0.00008200161,0.000005096957,0.00006321878,0.00002909866,0.0001267953,0.9962344,0.0001405033,0.00009025221,0.003084733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009154664,0.0001140517,0.001184313,0.00001263387,0.00001210324,0.0001765994,0.0000301226,0.0007004437,0.9916105,0.0001397118,0.005999011,0.00001140848],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8425573,0.006585595,0.1349335,0.000627799,0.0001968465,0.001005843,0.006110045,0.0007323793,0.007250774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8082815,0.009590856,0.1605673,0.0002329555,0.0001201329,0.001466875,0.01028298,0.0003860627,0.009071399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001639324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005484104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092404502","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.025","title":"Sludge properties and their effects on membrane fouling in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAnMBRs)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":343,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Extracellular polymeric substance; Chemistry; Fouling; Membrane fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Bioreactor; Membrane; Chemical engineering; Biopolymer; Mesophile; Chemical oxygen demand; Anaerobic digestion; Chromatography; Pulp and paper industry; Sewage treatment; Waste management; Polymer; Methane; Biofilm; Organic chemistry; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Hongjun Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kun Xie","is_ca":true},{"name":"B. Mahendran","is_ca":true},{"name":"David M. Bagley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kam Tin Leung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven N. Liss","is_ca":true},{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06163851009264397,"gpt":0.2929396542433088,"spread":0.2313011441506648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006851671,0.0002822452,0.000355149,0.000267099,0.000243357,0.0004349838,0.0001378074,0.0004199584,0.0004988653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001262266,0.0002103739,0.000334358,0.0002786083,0.0002050276,0.0003473827,0.0001816634,0.0003655209,0.0001703933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003373616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002697601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001842829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00195982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995073,0.0001744577,0.00007913277,0.00005469935,0.0001119867,0.00007239463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999293,0.0003075726,0.0001616909,0.00004198704,0.0001221495,0.00007368941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001632737,0.00009792836,0.001788376,0.00006655582,0.0000175875,0.00004846349,0.00006701005,0.0002266389,0.9937637,0.00002763174,0.00003744111,0.002226038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001390076,0.0008887876,0.009382099,0.000007723825,0.00002325044,0.00006726289,0.00006732777,0.0006766377,0.9885724,0.00002651362,0.0002644212,0.000009685103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993825,0.0002863809,0.0001304341,0.00001587506,0.000005720312,0.000002748203,0.00005635089,0.000004173065,0.0001157439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989789,0.0001961975,0.0002925864,0.00001599596,0.000004536531,0.000005577443,0.0001026193,0.000005068328,0.0003985323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001842829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003664255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076237352","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2012.01.012","title":"Preparation and characterization of highly hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) – Clay nanocomposite nanofiber membranes (PVDF–clay NNMs) for desalination using direct contact membrane distillation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":321,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","keywords":"Membrane distillation; Membrane; Materials science; Nanocomposite; Contact angle; Nanofiber; Differential scanning calorimetry; Chemical engineering; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Electrospinning; Wetting; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Polymer; Desalination; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"J.A. Prince","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gurdev Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dipak Rana","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"V. Anbharasi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01527362159558378,"gpt":0.2771848634821484,"spread":0.2619112418865646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002967677,0.0002907712,0.0002515043,0.0002692691,0.0003092778,0.0002706561,0.0001591409,0.0004337038,0.0005831586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003152018,0.0001959822,0.0003068372,0.0001562309,0.0001825789,0.0003739029,0.0001984162,0.0003444421,0.0001847867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003132032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000216909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009105384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002271191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998114,0.00001630868,0.00001883212,0.00004149755,0.00007823344,0.0000338411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998029,0.00005276162,0.00004484907,0.00001698581,0.0000547761,0.00002776918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001484821,0.000007906851,0.00004670903,0.0000150687,0.000001862974,0.00001808783,0.000009584057,0.00004384185,0.9994251,0.00001266775,0.000007037632,0.0003972309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003996524,0.0000423064,0.001009713,0.000001313789,0.000004168012,0.00004338991,0.000008653643,0.0004386562,0.9981247,0.000008425543,0.0003113642,0.00000323774],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899901,0.0004295885,0.008517026,0.00007370808,0.00002141326,0.00004133517,0.000173808,0.00006300493,0.0006900847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920692,0.0003096967,0.005919784,0.00002504743,0.00001121043,0.00003655954,0.0002148544,0.00001944296,0.0013942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009105384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002272487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972968559","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.009","title":"Rational design of phase inversion membranes by tailoring thermodynamics and kinetics of casting solution using polymer additives","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":319,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Membrane; Phase inversion; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Casting; Polymer; Polyethylene glycol; Kinetics; Phase (matter); Polymer chemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Mohtada Sadrzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Subir Bhattacharjee","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02955810156377163,"gpt":0.2654606050457575,"spread":0.2359025034819859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004555334,0.0005368469,0.0005067074,0.0003241471,0.0002746861,0.0007186435,0.000500765,0.0003735831,0.0004249715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006750394,0.0004213822,0.000349972,0.0002860332,0.0002221309,0.0007012873,0.0003306687,0.0009383922,0.0002594767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006671949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008193444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007005659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002272442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998354,0.00002431477,0.0000186362,0.00003184883,0.00005196578,0.00003785927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998413,0.00005073757,0.00004702412,0.00001043582,0.00003642319,0.00001396115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001566633,0.0001386061,0.0002661165,0.0001808994,0.00001927151,0.0000550762,0.00003427657,0.01130017,0.9747639,0.001665897,0.00007281729,0.01134622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002102888,0.0001148956,0.0001068945,0.000007364906,0.00001496418,0.00001798106,0.00000989266,0.01964803,0.9787229,0.0001752583,0.001152834,0.000007895222],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9211739,0.001869423,0.07351044,0.0001844907,0.00007224985,0.0001972655,0.0001302005,0.0003089413,0.002553077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9587944,0.001568413,0.03832594,0.0000426171,0.00001126572,0.00008110189,0.00007927456,0.00007221555,0.001024822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007186435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00484091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085188109","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.042","title":"Thin film composite membrane — Recent development and future potential","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":313,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Thin-film composite membrane; Desalination; Membrane; Biofouling; Phase inversion; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Interfacial polymerization; Thin film; Substrate (aquarium); Chemical engineering; Thermal stability; Composite material; Monomer; Chemistry; Engineering; Reverse osmosis; Polymer","authors":[{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahesh Padaki","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nidal Hilal","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008239739405948672,"gpt":0.2186566646311382,"spread":0.2104169252251895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008763599,0.000394877,0.0003714203,0.0004727363,0.0002213472,0.0009428015,0.0005330889,0.0009187756,0.002969745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003768264,0.0001576927,0.0003063316,0.0004788995,0.0003470386,0.00165499,0.0003152998,0.0006565033,0.0008332962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004878095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007031066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005417384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009730888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998755,0.00001661489,0.00000865261,0.00002792907,0.00004637846,0.0000248449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997893,0.00005716752,0.00004036348,0.000007209109,0.00007205024,0.00003388449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008013221,0.0002948158,0.001355347,0.003235602,0.0001400506,0.0004153182,0.00007360295,0.001049069,0.2302917,0.008493481,0.008744752,0.7451049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001063535,0.002280386,0.006252637,0.0006085575,0.0002977268,0.002688376,0.0003396111,0.007243881,0.3060136,0.006841828,0.6672168,0.0001101457],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03520323,0.9373625,0.01159982,0.006239331,0.0008445833,0.00002053797,0.0001195776,0.0001527323,0.008457625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2409576,0.7194232,0.01970254,0.002589576,0.001628295,0.00003425336,0.0003228852,0.00003540319,0.01530628],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002969745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009934783,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992537671","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2009.05.040","title":"Preparation, characterization and performance of Al2O3/PES membrane for wastewater filtration","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":305,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane; Phase inversion; Ultrafiltration (renal); Fouling; Membrane fouling; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Filtration (mathematics); Polymer; Chromatography; Chemistry; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Nermen Maximous","is_ca":true},{"name":"George Nakhla","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wan Khairunizam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kon Max Wong","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0109037915070683,"gpt":0.2543906955410463,"spread":0.243486904033978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003340307,0.0002134723,0.0002728433,0.0002525498,0.0004470503,0.0003583388,0.0002486973,0.0004009784,0.0006273486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003601155,0.0001835712,0.0003110514,0.0002926844,0.0001851463,0.0003661963,0.000154475,0.0003156472,0.0002156978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003500331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003921107,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001466164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00181365,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998653,0.00001461918,0.00001713212,0.00002332474,0.00005569531,0.0000239551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999879,0.0000372048,0.00001524802,0.00001511328,0.00004065818,0.00001276008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007757642,0.0000120969,0.0001767138,0.00002380891,0.000003282611,0.00001923674,0.00001328677,0.0001321775,0.9982427,0.00003042613,0.00001843818,0.001250137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003635101,0.00004077534,0.001252692,9.254691e-7,0.000004652523,0.00002325754,0.00001258941,0.0007200309,0.9975999,0.00002594024,0.0003133331,0.000002212412],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945356,0.0003206908,0.004306373,0.00007579935,0.00001487726,0.0000153871,0.0001554706,0.00004000018,0.0005360089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952988,0.0002115883,0.00314069,0.00002160497,0.000004787988,0.00001024938,0.0002038445,0.00001815198,0.001090257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001466164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002915263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065281815","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2010.12.052","title":"Morphological and separation performance study of polysulfone/titanium dioxide (PSF/TiO2) ultrafiltration membranes for humic acid removal","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Polysulfone; Membrane; Ultrafiltration (renal); Humic acid; Fouling; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Spinning; Concentration polarization; Hollow fiber membrane; Biofouling; Titanium dioxide; Membrane fouling; Chemistry; Chromatography; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Norhazlan Abd Hamid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. W. Zularisam","is_ca":false},{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erna Yuliwati","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohd Sohaimi Abdullah","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03946815944623869,"gpt":0.2708460238151725,"spread":0.2313778643689338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000165317,0.0002071218,0.0001420483,0.0002303885,0.0002564247,0.0002353116,0.0001526836,0.000285687,0.0005269038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002382053,0.0001243581,0.0002595623,0.0001870388,0.0001927535,0.0002343542,0.00008286892,0.0002003842,0.0001484262],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003809936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001790174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002824181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002715845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999,0.000008308434,0.000007157682,0.00001956229,0.00004306063,0.00002195303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998639,0.00002462335,0.00002928954,0.000009217639,0.00005701323,0.00001594332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005211727,0.0000111696,0.000136142,0.0000176757,0.000002121645,0.00002090204,0.00001841142,0.00008228424,0.998917,0.0000233853,0.00001629235,0.0007023969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004030824,0.00009104647,0.004821163,0.000001438364,0.000007365883,0.00007303806,0.00002975846,0.0008966579,0.9937574,0.00001504691,0.0002986364,0.000004423221],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979779,0.0003476352,0.001012549,0.00002362407,0.000008417277,0.000004878595,0.00008211216,0.00001683275,0.0005260257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976961,0.0002517803,0.0009237929,0.00001487682,0.000005543122,0.000005583588,0.00009138598,0.000006297381,0.001004466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002824181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005615473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093035301","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.026","title":"Production of drinking water from saline water by air-gap membrane distillation using polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":292,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Polyvinylidene fluoride; Membrane distillation; Membrane; Desalination; Distillation; Chemical engineering; Seawater; Reverse osmosis; Chromatography; Materials science; Fluoride; Chemistry; Inorganic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chao Feng","is_ca":true},{"name":"K.C. Khulbe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"R. Gopal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sharon Kaur","is_ca":false},{"name":"Seeram Ramakrishna","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Khayet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01632699796982633,"gpt":0.259073376812653,"spread":0.2427463788428266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003663633,0.0005213092,0.0005348086,0.0003308598,0.0003027525,0.0002957151,0.0003241381,0.0003446453,0.000738405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000249408,0.0001877682,0.0005169021,0.0003249138,0.0002338739,0.0004072186,0.0004129215,0.0005889721,0.0004179466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002364916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003673571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006224476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008385026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997953,0.00002517677,0.00002414986,0.00003287708,0.00009089514,0.00003155601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998692,0.0000292507,0.00002358279,0.00001174256,0.00004275451,0.0000233466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001568519,0.00001048673,0.00004512309,0.00004128208,0.000001869993,0.0000285564,0.00001541003,0.00002140522,0.998369,0.00003981988,0.00002116483,0.001390183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035782,0.00003705734,0.0001418844,0.000001948285,0.000003826436,0.00002729843,0.000007555628,0.0001309452,0.999019,0.00001823884,0.0006064494,0.000002181414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9244145,0.001186432,0.06987867,0.0004364727,0.0001711836,0.00016518,0.0003751941,0.0003546668,0.003017956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9336924,0.00121998,0.05757723,0.00008813941,0.00003599879,0.0001056534,0.0006116507,0.00009009612,0.006578919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000738405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002470255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971639451","doi":"10.1002/app.31108","title":"The art of surface modification of synthetic polymeric membranes","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":286,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane; Biofouling; Surface modification; Materials science; Polymer; Grafting; Polymeric membrane; Synthetic membrane; Chemical engineering; Polymer chemistry; Polymer science; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"K.C. Khulbe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chao Feng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01051936638056358,"gpt":0.244426305702041,"spread":0.2339069393214775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006258749,0.0005748324,0.0005763867,0.000691818,0.0003624719,0.0008983018,0.00058346,0.0009614826,0.002050639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006298603,0.0002900784,0.0005559911,0.0005735633,0.0009543156,0.0009291521,0.0005898805,0.001811999,0.002149783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004554854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000268543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001884052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001589857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990591,0.0001722299,0.0000588082,0.0001526638,0.0005090171,0.00004809334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997113,0.0001071658,0.00004702186,0.00005003504,0.00007327895,0.00001102205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008121027,0.0001167398,0.0002684317,0.005147048,0.00009957294,0.0004636137,0.0002987871,0.001918503,0.5523602,0.04376593,0.01200437,0.3834755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001159956,0.0002273012,0.0004500816,0.0003254391,0.00003189997,0.001431101,0.00005195088,0.001252586,0.3694553,0.01161295,0.6151086,0.00004124125],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03271692,0.6983824,0.1918902,0.006242683,0.00629982,0.0001669074,0.0002697872,0.000538028,0.0634933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2784131,0.5477854,0.0925383,0.006056493,0.003361916,0.000511796,0.0006588344,0.000289928,0.07038423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002050639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006860077,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070457814","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.014","title":"Synthesis and characterization of thin film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane with hydrophilic nanocomposite support to reduce internal concentration polarization","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":284,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche","keywords":"Forward osmosis; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Polysulfone; Concentration polarization; Membrane; Chemical engineering; Nanoparticle; Titanium dioxide; Substrate (aquarium); Composite material; Reverse osmosis; Nanotechnology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Daryoush Emadzadeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masoud Rahbari‐Sisakht","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00680109650751802,"gpt":0.2212461846791483,"spread":0.2144450881716303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001604367,0.0002370772,0.0001848817,0.0002464809,0.0002287598,0.0002374147,0.0002048742,0.0003526275,0.0005254864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002017597,0.0001832186,0.0002343252,0.000174739,0.0001148494,0.0002765526,0.0001211962,0.0003535085,0.0001492922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002625796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002217656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008195126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001561447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998869,0.00000670258,0.00000907154,0.00002868293,0.0000520859,0.0000165927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998741,0.00002336498,0.00002884207,0.000009920507,0.00004996712,0.00001380411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001028063,0.000006286888,0.00003522489,0.000009736821,0.000001198167,0.00001445189,0.000004640606,0.00003237964,0.9994726,0.00001509199,0.000006413246,0.0003918033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001354917,0.00002736547,0.0004038214,7.843962e-7,0.000003133587,0.00002464132,0.000005365884,0.0005355685,0.9987268,0.000005444394,0.0002642401,0.000001549316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892728,0.0003898488,0.00911552,0.00006856714,0.00002107436,0.00002653939,0.0001299233,0.00008681564,0.0008889658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895313,0.0002845584,0.007948806,0.00002045858,0.000006463707,0.00002826108,0.0001659721,0.000020181,0.001994062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008195126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001905084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2288852195","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.034","title":"Thin film composite membranes embedded with graphene oxide for water desalination","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":281,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo; Science and Technology Development Fund","keywords":"Membrane; Graphene; Desalination; Polysulfone; Chemical engineering; Oxide; Contact angle; Materials science; Thin-film composite membrane; Interfacial polymerization; Fouling; Reverse osmosis; Chemistry; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Monomer; Polymer","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed E.A. Ali","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leyi Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xinyan Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xianshe Feng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01230488567059213,"gpt":0.2363316907221795,"spread":0.2240268050515874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001136544,0.0003177783,0.0001814074,0.0003248475,0.0002646271,0.0002662874,0.0002686329,0.0004230513,0.0009666765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001180131,0.0001949099,0.0002149138,0.0001474427,0.0001228304,0.0004351066,0.0002197335,0.0005315616,0.0002678288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002957066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001416744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007108573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002117475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999413,0.000005156421,0.000002723298,0.00001237553,0.00002323788,0.00001513116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999564,0.00001036892,0.000006983053,0.000004361498,0.00001352891,0.000008376906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002202188,0.00001125558,0.00002422612,0.00003931992,0.000005498705,0.00001669645,0.000008197791,0.0001306619,0.9978446,0.0001107368,0.00007281653,0.001714027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003448852,0.00005079815,0.0003400665,0.000003606082,0.00001161574,0.00001343037,0.000008625811,0.001211179,0.9971029,0.00004673077,0.001203449,0.000004139917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830647,0.003766551,0.008670551,0.0002865732,0.0002043417,0.00003153747,0.0001799692,0.0002205742,0.003575077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883304,0.00164111,0.006200938,0.00006032214,0.00002684476,0.00001785157,0.0001196498,0.00002427177,0.003578594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009666765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00323385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108398478","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2020.116665","title":"Synergistic fouling behaviors and mechanisms of calcium ions and polyaluminum chloride associated with alginate solution in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":271,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coagulation; Chemistry; Flocculation; Ultrafiltration (renal); Filtration (mathematics); Chemical engineering; Membrane; DLVO theory; Fouling; Turbidity; Membrane fouling; Calcium; Chromatography; Colloid; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Ying Long","is_ca":false},{"name":"Genying Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lu Dong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yanchao Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiujia You","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lining Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06776926788134993,"gpt":0.3285395788121014,"spread":0.2607703109307515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002417875,0.0002678031,0.0002472583,0.0002447522,0.0002011075,0.0003342703,0.0002215241,0.0003570171,0.0002465737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000309706,0.000137088,0.0003965797,0.0001838144,0.0002141706,0.0003144715,0.0002307858,0.0002742235,0.00007211213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002713866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002599908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009840876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001662265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997779,0.00003473535,0.00002018365,0.00003535119,0.00007570556,0.00005626351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998511,0.00002978598,0.00004285861,0.000007651422,0.00004769742,0.00002089578],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002132231,0.00001984291,0.0003415778,0.00006165525,0.000009295147,0.00005260823,0.00002994929,0.0001508355,0.9973404,0.00004468373,0.00002072905,0.001715288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007682152,0.0001657332,0.001190572,0.000002733203,0.00002278257,0.00006771157,0.00002501871,0.001457973,0.9967681,0.00001925843,0.0002650095,0.000007408102],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981585,0.0007130748,0.0008519546,0.00002375292,0.00001365139,0.000005922796,0.00001498455,0.00001166366,0.0002064649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984928,0.0003104175,0.0006973072,0.00001831125,0.000004557431,0.000004338971,0.00001531818,0.000003010991,0.0004539319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009840876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00196898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057233151","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.012","title":"Hybrid Membrane Processes using activated carbon treatment for drinking water: A review","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":266,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Membrane fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Fouling; Activated carbon; Membrane; Water treatment; Process (computing); Adsorption; Biochemical engineering; Process engineering; Water quality; Powdered activated carbon treatment; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Membrane technology; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Materials science; Computer science; Engineering; Ecology; Mathematics; Biology; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Céline Stoquart","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre Servais","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre R. Bérubé","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benoît Barbeau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08857208933175456,"gpt":0.3499046574368034,"spread":0.2613325681050489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005010241,0.001190936,0.00165357,0.002305225,0.0002550103,0.0007893521,0.001000811,0.001101767,0.001890046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003698824,0.0004012314,0.0006895905,0.002980181,0.0003261514,0.00143744,0.000617464,0.0008908156,0.001265374],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003891625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006003169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001459297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997693,0.00002006045,0.00003313323,0.0000488352,0.0001042086,0.000024519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997085,0.0001034869,0.00006591518,0.000009556525,0.00009563877,0.00001686744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000145771,0.0001999254,0.0002196764,0.04166804,0.0002678963,0.000303401,0.00005102792,0.0006080989,0.0316376,0.001565894,0.01267956,0.9106531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004020699,0.0004442441,0.001738322,0.003155657,0.0007238404,0.001832332,0.0001214895,0.0004343208,0.02614281,0.001242937,0.9640486,0.00007533075],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008434126,0.9972394,0.0006468837,0.0001272815,0.0001753507,0.00001034905,0.0000360666,0.00001258455,0.0009087065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002407386,0.9956334,0.0008006034,0.0001038838,0.0001152895,0.00001145918,0.00005298904,0.000003058929,0.00087186],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002305225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006322801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2296991227","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5b06647","title":"Controlled Architecture of Dual-Functional Block Copolymer Brushes on Thin-Film Composite Membranes for Integrated “Defending” and “Attacking” Strategies against Biofouling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":256,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Changjiang Scholar Program of Chinese Ministry of Education; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Biofouling; Membrane; Thin-film composite membrane; Atom-transfer radical-polymerization; Copolymer; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Polymer; Interfacial polymerization; Polymerization; Polymer chemistry; Reverse osmosis; Chemistry; Composite material; Monomer","authors":[{"name":"Gang Ye","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jongho Lee","is_ca":false},{"name":"François Perreault","is_ca":false},{"name":"Menachem Elimelech","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02243637686552106,"gpt":0.2521295556065269,"spread":0.2296931787410058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001311042,0.0003938501,0.0002269152,0.0001972179,0.0001460205,0.0002458519,0.0002663935,0.0003293103,0.0005387694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001708609,0.0002364027,0.000227689,0.000101666,0.0001673293,0.0002952066,0.000219127,0.0003580212,0.0002766998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003196205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001756613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004114823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007488682,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998994,0.000009557219,0.000007847636,0.00002966037,0.00002874403,0.00002474379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999903,0.00001385703,0.0000250214,0.00001303631,0.00002292178,0.00002224443],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001216733,0.000005877529,0.00004013112,0.00001243635,0.000002538158,0.00001008755,0.000004059088,0.00008999697,0.999213,0.00002752617,0.000008384469,0.0005738412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005732682,0.00005849572,0.0004779632,0.000002000814,0.000008131716,0.00003222179,0.00000413638,0.001593211,0.9972196,0.00001118395,0.0005836244,0.000003780178],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992304,0.000797998,0.005776948,0.00005689318,0.00002441903,0.00003194805,0.00006924636,0.0001132741,0.0008252253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888737,0.0005831078,0.009547335,0.00003585632,0.00001163125,0.00004391076,0.00009391216,0.00002086126,0.0007895436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005387694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002318978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2435365399","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.028","title":"Membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor: High filtration resistance of gel layer and its underlying mechanism","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":256,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Filtration (mathematics); Membrane; Membrane fouling; Chromatography; Layer (electronics); Chemistry; Size-exclusion chromatography; Chemical engineering; Fouling; Porosity; Materials science; Composite material; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Jianrong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meijia Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fengquan Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qian Lei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongjun Lin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lining Yang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xi‐Lin Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaoling Zhou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yiming He","is_ca":false},{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1076519809903752,"gpt":0.3389858100144192,"spread":0.2313338290240441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003046879,0.000256988,0.0002335165,0.0001997455,0.0002858628,0.0003503255,0.0003572779,0.0007309801,0.0002254849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000300986,0.0001533663,0.0003234988,0.0001018671,0.0003549057,0.0004254245,0.0002001098,0.0003884583,0.0001204443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002088572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001755814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005380007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003300335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998727,0.00002626698,0.000008657991,0.00003001984,0.0000298645,0.00003243994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998455,0.00004525149,0.00003820783,0.0000181344,0.00003061402,0.00002221884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006744072,0.00001061796,0.0001904013,0.00002610564,0.000004848222,0.00008168254,0.00002158534,0.00006263737,0.998759,0.0001245448,0.00002068402,0.0006304691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005666706,0.0001105135,0.001238099,0.000002000097,0.00001472627,0.0001984104,0.0000205413,0.001685431,0.996388,0.00009883982,0.0002306532,0.000007235631],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940984,0.0007362518,0.004625359,0.0001751727,0.00002838713,0.000006692508,0.00001912621,0.00003924705,0.0002713061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979195,0.0002273025,0.001302389,0.00003931893,0.00001189739,0.000003370995,0.00001725361,0.000007810638,0.0004711738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007309801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001611352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075109327","doi":"10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00114-x","title":"Progress in membrane science and technology for seawater desalination — a review","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":254,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane; Desalination; Reverse osmosis; Nanofiltration; Fouling; Membrane technology; Membrane fouling; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03901719465238183,"gpt":0.3567208953448394,"spread":0.3177037006924576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00100451,0.001296625,0.002353986,0.00293168,0.0004186404,0.001338365,0.001398282,0.001147649,0.003013718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001236754,0.0003503337,0.0006020583,0.004968944,0.0004499506,0.002003341,0.0007155993,0.001236498,0.002483872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007332825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001814485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001796179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003367214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996657,0.00003236167,0.00005677646,0.00006469707,0.0001575808,0.00002291632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992268,0.0003107701,0.00011206,0.00002159401,0.0002755687,0.00005323235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009788984,0.000083355,0.0002012939,0.01779326,0.00009853207,0.0001628762,0.00004933753,0.000354511,0.005135392,0.001092582,0.01778335,0.9571476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003164146,0.0001730768,0.00123129,0.003090957,0.0002790391,0.001014797,0.00008945184,0.0001345457,0.002554203,0.00107062,0.9902911,0.00003929477],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000241357,0.9981772,0.0003907247,0.000160535,0.0002663715,0.000008630962,0.00003139334,0.00001213661,0.0007117069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006219249,0.9980044,0.0005854257,0.0001181915,0.000183141,0.000007637714,0.00004589705,0.000001637289,0.0004317809],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003013718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01008195,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900910555","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.043","title":"A unified thermodynamic mechanism underlying fouling behaviors of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a membrane bioreactor","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Fouling; Membrane fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Membrane; Biofouling; Chemical engineering; Membrane bioreactor; Chemistry; Particulates; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Jiaheng Teng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meijia Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kam-Tin Leung","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianrong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huachang Hong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hongjun Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09722850843171767,"gpt":0.3482792534019213,"spread":0.2510507449702037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003918634,0.0002494184,0.0003818006,0.000339684,0.0003507802,0.0005801553,0.0006591693,0.0004992709,0.0007925701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005814091,0.0002481182,0.0003884438,0.000134305,0.0005356383,0.00094129,0.0004262971,0.0004756604,0.0001703697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006537638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005582697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009022545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007451916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998485,0.00001733558,0.00001165195,0.00003346314,0.00005607095,0.000033017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998933,0.00003124031,0.0000175105,0.00001315001,0.00003160796,0.00001321145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001241321,0.00005652552,0.001270728,0.0001006557,0.0000227947,0.0001907478,0.00008391012,0.002997005,0.9724606,0.017709,0.0001409529,0.004842813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003320309,0.0002506653,0.004906935,0.00001094041,0.00002817205,0.0001982913,0.0001508287,0.1268786,0.8570131,0.00920767,0.00127019,0.00005144341],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9650294,0.0007232552,0.03132028,0.0004335002,0.00007951123,0.00005798489,0.0001117566,0.0001338559,0.002110415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976496,0.000152343,0.001676692,0.00002198556,0.00000955372,0.00001622935,0.00002517896,0.000008388893,0.0004400436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009022545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004743397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2941341041","doi":"10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.008","title":"Fouling and wetting in the membrane distillation driven wastewater reclamation process – A review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Membrane distillation; Fouling; Wetting; Membrane; Membrane fouling; Wastewater; Land reclamation; Permeation; Environmental science; Sewage treatment; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Process engineering; Desalination; Engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Mahbuboor Rahman Choudhury","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nawrin Anwar","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Jassby","is_ca":false},{"name":"Md. Saifur Rahaman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02756165675264537,"gpt":0.3632910121560725,"spread":0.3357293554034271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006160725,0.001114566,0.001688435,0.00263747,0.0002853879,0.001187439,0.0007550656,0.001126694,0.0014742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006034373,0.0004009178,0.000600016,0.003283706,0.0004155411,0.001418832,0.0007216762,0.001101621,0.0008815053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004445454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001064594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001580922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002941029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997875,0.00002436507,0.00003205707,0.00004428506,0.00009161379,0.00002019373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995987,0.0001726802,0.00008962266,0.000009971985,0.0001047868,0.00002438224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009192132,0.0001313585,0.0002227896,0.03945762,0.0001554551,0.0002090872,0.0000598705,0.0007925319,0.007085812,0.002726201,0.01275688,0.9363105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002832863,0.0003215709,0.002052328,0.007949873,0.0005031815,0.001267303,0.0001108922,0.0004940806,0.005332039,0.002615857,0.9792398,0.00008474095],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001971076,0.9991291,0.000131586,0.00008919967,0.0001081772,0.000002749705,0.00001279746,0.000003939857,0.0003253187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005978691,0.9987915,0.000149148,0.00005869094,0.0001021738,0.000003197662,0.00001648252,9.486109e-7,0.0002799612],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00263747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004931688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093308315","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abc8605","title":"Autonomous atmospheric water seeping MOF matrix","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":232,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","keywords":"Sorption; Matrix (chemical analysis); Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Composite material; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Gamze Yilmaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fan Lu Meng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jane W. Z. Lu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jehad Abed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Connor Kang Nuo Peh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Minmin Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward H. Sargent","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ghim Wei Ho","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01117325978714486,"gpt":0.2604974451366472,"spread":0.2493241853495023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008326776,0.0003521484,0.0001655839,0.0001617903,0.0002568742,0.000267389,0.0002625568,0.0003715698,0.001654083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001221742,0.0001301836,0.0001774192,0.0001133761,0.0001765494,0.0003205237,0.000325335,0.0004200403,0.0005111692],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002839037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001888455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001256503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003388674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998953,0.000004402947,0.000002642556,0.00002978162,0.00004196418,0.00002583595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999365,0.00001121132,0.00001613688,0.000006945568,0.0000152875,0.00001401362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001248094,0.000006767036,0.0000897208,0.00002844126,0.000003524311,0.00004025095,0.00001535028,0.00008226548,0.9969993,0.0001495698,0.0001297092,0.002442719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005263896,0.00007720587,0.0007774532,0.000003940349,0.000005566286,0.00008038115,0.0000161105,0.001284612,0.9902301,0.00003614731,0.007475261,0.000007885956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756064,0.0007844559,0.01694942,0.0001504227,0.00006644281,0.0000791456,0.0006177215,0.0009087793,0.004837281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767913,0.0006376972,0.01508912,0.000069642,0.0000163665,0.00008791048,0.000341522,0.00008614456,0.006880375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001654083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005533457,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2513490034","doi":"10.15376/biores.11.3.hubbe","title":"Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BioResources","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"FPInnovations; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Wastewater; Effluent; Sewage treatment; Pollutant; Chemical oxygen demand; Environmental science; Waste management; Land reclamation; Activated sludge; Filtration (mathematics); Dissolved air flotation; Pulp and paper industry; Bioreactor; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Martin A. Hubbe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeremy R. Metts","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daphne Hermosilla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miren Blanco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laleh Yerushalmi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fariborz Haghighat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Petra Lindholm‐Lehto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zahra Khodaparast","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammadreza Kamali","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allan Elliott","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1199518352220217,"gpt":0.3344052069839207,"spread":0.214453371761899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007902944,0.001189815,0.001824462,0.004687185,0.0004467591,0.0011446,0.000937362,0.001151583,0.004039186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008155521,0.0004941685,0.0009345065,0.00558213,0.0004639533,0.001726352,0.0006574193,0.00125152,0.001800894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006629046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00158395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002064363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003427815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995399,0.00005140236,0.00009891843,0.00009397959,0.0001800175,0.00003588928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994034,0.000246679,0.0001107119,0.00001824375,0.0001801406,0.00004090839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005882736,0.0001589193,0.0002679066,0.05951144,0.0001289914,0.0002303362,0.0001261126,0.0005918869,0.003907967,0.003107218,0.01571874,0.9161916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001223979,0.0001744522,0.001323396,0.00724237,0.000176092,0.001133827,0.0001070462,0.0001031026,0.00133596,0.001103692,0.9872547,0.00003305003],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001843858,0.9984818,0.0001571788,0.0001029884,0.0001016211,0.000007139471,0.00002599097,0.000005266797,0.0009336529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006579444,0.998386,0.0002809428,0.00008312894,0.00007097882,0.000007119647,0.00003814201,0.000001725163,0.0004739423],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004687185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01351249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201795512","doi":"10.1016/j.cis.2021.102524","title":"Surface characterization of thin-film composite membranes using contact angle technique: Review of quantification strategies and applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates; Government of Alberta","keywords":"Contact angle; Wetting; Membrane; Materials science; Surface energy; Surface roughness; Permeation; Characterization (materials science); Thin-film composite membrane; Chemical engineering; Surface modification; Desalination; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Reverse osmosis; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Md Farhad Ismail","is_ca":true},{"name":"Muhammad Amirul Islam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Behnam Khorshidi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ali Reza Tehrani‐Bagha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohtada Sadrzadeh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03194607008674725,"gpt":0.3538308092799308,"spread":0.3218847391931836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001099839,0.001377447,0.001936836,0.003045018,0.0002209455,0.000974801,0.001244147,0.001027418,0.001038169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009008431,0.0004823366,0.0008312759,0.003148293,0.0003850005,0.00144501,0.0005466364,0.001161788,0.0007447738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005611919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001051073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001364702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002482637,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999467,0.00005243615,0.00005941222,0.0001009519,0.0002815733,0.00003867409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993554,0.0002678502,0.0001253516,0.00002143833,0.0002059198,0.00002414282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008565171,0.0001641947,0.0004805747,0.03490698,0.0002084375,0.0001578599,0.00005720404,0.0006674237,0.0422512,0.002164599,0.008081752,0.9107742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003196834,0.0006890142,0.00542805,0.006669285,0.0008923243,0.002234019,0.0001905169,0.001333142,0.06893203,0.002480758,0.9109411,0.0001778408],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005757324,0.9980221,0.0007410225,0.0001183851,0.00007765141,0.000008600857,0.00004255113,0.00001129439,0.0004027133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001825795,0.9961975,0.001243254,0.00009951973,0.00006616066,0.00001234926,0.00006340542,0.000002406441,0.0004896887],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003045018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005816579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005008813","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.008","title":"Modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes with poly(vinyl alcohol) for fouling control in drinking water treatment","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vinyl alcohol; Membrane; Ultrafiltration (renal); Contact angle; Permeation; Fouling; Chemical engineering; Zeta potential; Aqueous solution; Materials science; Membrane fouling; Fluoride; Chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Chromatography; Polymer; Organic chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Jennifer Runhong Du","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sigrid Peldszus","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter M. Huck","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xianshe Feng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06348026622721252,"gpt":0.336126960022869,"spread":0.2726466937956564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003005204,0.0003419766,0.0003217987,0.0002226321,0.0002828546,0.000381968,0.0002824854,0.0005050977,0.0003655709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000244995,0.0002161987,0.0004824757,0.0001722081,0.0002038996,0.000397657,0.0001356737,0.000313099,0.0001653272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004109631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000231382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001539736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001690033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998277,0.00002998879,0.0000148023,0.00003329224,0.00004559076,0.00004855602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999141,0.00001810754,0.00002048381,0.000009576929,0.00002369868,0.00001400398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005533384,0.00001981159,0.00008253962,0.00002709122,0.00000674898,0.00001886574,0.00001337243,0.0000874838,0.9979033,0.0000348475,0.00001218916,0.001738278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003260685,0.00006212157,0.0005755182,0.000001308409,0.000007874353,0.0000259214,0.000005738441,0.0004079635,0.9986147,0.00001115868,0.0002814878,0.000003015025],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924084,0.001501659,0.005355033,0.00006353126,0.00005210229,0.00001431872,0.00003383352,0.00004164254,0.0005295307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946479,0.0007872222,0.003151241,0.00002661748,0.00001229772,0.000008314885,0.0000456409,0.0000142682,0.001306469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001539736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003061473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107727813","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.038","title":"Comparison of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of natural organic matter","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Natural organic matter; Organic matter; Natural (archaeology); Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Rupa Lamsal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Margaret E. Walsh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Graham A. Gagnon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1014521760827899,"gpt":0.3780750696255356,"spread":0.2766228935427457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004886001,0.0003031754,0.0004502018,0.0005406162,0.0003090031,0.0004799336,0.0003136383,0.0005251394,0.0009176356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006386343,0.0001213706,0.0006090591,0.0004003345,0.0001539474,0.0005302378,0.0003134347,0.0005031281,0.0001882684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003393717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003560016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001014842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00256375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995837,0.0000712567,0.00002614058,0.00003591743,0.0002184926,0.00006455206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997296,0.000085653,0.00002485558,0.00001749818,0.0001170373,0.00002537368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00244487,0.0003465584,0.001696625,0.0007579293,0.0001308733,0.0001004757,0.0001277293,0.002477137,0.945405,0.0006427272,0.0001748747,0.04569525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001427621,0.004516395,0.01544178,0.00003136351,0.0002106644,0.0002786797,0.0001526089,0.007581568,0.9629921,0.0003888196,0.008230994,0.00003231574],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889804,0.004994354,0.00372909,0.00006871208,0.00005516412,0.00003371822,0.0001172149,0.00002278982,0.001998434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859719,0.003896535,0.007227757,0.00004150979,0.00002553362,0.00002707213,0.0003283493,0.00001045515,0.002470899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001014842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003069818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965095907","doi":"10.3390/polym11081310","title":"A Review on Porous Polymeric Membrane Preparation. Part II: Production Techniques with Polyethylene, Polydimethylsiloxane, Polypropylene, Polyimide, and Polytetrafluoroethylene","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Polymers","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Materials science; Polydimethylsiloxane; Membrane; Polymer; Polyimide; Polypropylene; Polyethylene; Porosity; Fabrication; Composite material; Polyamide; Chemical engineering; Layer (electronics); Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Xuemei Tan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Denis Rodrigue","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0307129302239555,"gpt":0.3010570728075528,"spread":0.2703441425835973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003592565,0.001115106,0.001095297,0.002700222,0.0003206692,0.0006950698,0.0007166332,0.0007770661,0.005911159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004495101,0.0004601153,0.0005611698,0.003563135,0.000370495,0.001510369,0.0004882151,0.001194958,0.005614329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000509559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009848727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007129486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001195309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997912,0.0000217905,0.0000300614,0.00004412456,0.0000920889,0.00002076989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999768,0.00009490722,0.00004729315,0.00001098991,0.00005794124,0.00002093773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005551949,0.0001315924,0.0001790655,0.03384234,0.00009594912,0.0002914211,0.0000769208,0.0005638135,0.01628849,0.003584601,0.04581344,0.8990768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000066068,0.00009688218,0.0007079489,0.002032244,0.00006279198,0.001094279,0.00002922494,0.00007310248,0.003097675,0.0008797292,0.991901,0.00001858033],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002994959,0.994707,0.0009701872,0.0001685772,0.0003985057,0.00001771326,0.00008417231,0.00003178292,0.003322538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001104255,0.9947962,0.001061634,0.000204331,0.0002087531,0.00002896595,0.0001404606,0.000007928676,0.002447481],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005911159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01977485,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048820777","doi":"10.1021/es902145g","title":"Development of a Novel Submerged Membrane Electro-Bioreactor (SMEBR): Performance for Fouling Reduction","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Backwashing; Membrane fouling; Membrane bioreactor; Fouling; Filtration (mathematics); Membrane; Bioreactor; Biofouling; Chemistry; Chromatography; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Khalid Bani‐Melhem","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maria Elektorowicz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01115539495198515,"gpt":0.232887450115841,"spread":0.2217320551638558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006076107,0.0005845499,0.0008600242,0.000285011,0.0002682436,0.0004613445,0.0006708964,0.0009585297,0.0003959395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000354919,0.0003062886,0.0006000089,0.0001766993,0.0001923322,0.0005304759,0.0004149618,0.0008016301,0.000517392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005322595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007282999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001101182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996784,0.00003231205,0.00003166232,0.00007414341,0.0001502991,0.00003318619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997936,0.00003069656,0.00003880061,0.00001372089,0.00007439504,0.00004880063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001104139,0.000009946533,0.00002783117,0.00002947322,0.000002142253,0.00001313644,0.000002841658,0.00005066067,0.9987698,0.00001253399,0.00001221067,0.001058334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001150664,0.0002314411,0.0006260456,0.000003071792,0.00001207301,0.0001900122,0.000005036736,0.001537513,0.9963211,0.00001415618,0.001041693,0.000006334767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7809451,0.003503754,0.2117636,0.0005942308,0.0001836029,0.0002558638,0.0004410477,0.001069819,0.001243155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7788972,0.002191883,0.2146253,0.0002364424,0.00006487108,0.0001990771,0.0007373001,0.00008352871,0.002964251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009585297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003213406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965667359","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2013.08.021","title":"Formation of thin film composite nanofiltration membrane: Effect of polysulfone substrate characteristics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":212,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Polysulfone; Membrane; Interfacial polymerization; Thin-film composite membrane; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Polyamide; Nanofiltration; Substrate (aquarium); Layer (electronics); Thin film; Permeability (electromagnetism); Polymer; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Reverse osmosis; Chemistry; Monomer; Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Nurasyikin Misdan","is_ca":false},{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false},{"name":"Takeshi Matsuura","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007738251390586133,"gpt":0.2232792464292432,"spread":0.2155409950386571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001441461,0.0002966868,0.0001978272,0.0001415485,0.0001614157,0.0001981058,0.0001698339,0.0003311246,0.0005894801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001817556,0.0001405254,0.0002745693,0.000123964,0.00007851242,0.0003239296,0.00009438779,0.0003017664,0.0001379169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002250558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001845722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008262923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001539446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999298,0.000005421836,0.000006650566,0.00002058004,0.00002108822,0.00001646266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999152,0.00001694775,0.00002102262,0.000007166391,0.00002360154,0.00001603981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003576303,0.000006184446,0.00003763122,0.00001408331,0.000001935786,0.00001149845,0.000005414043,0.00003537085,0.9994413,0.000009335243,0.000008625336,0.0003928855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001804227,0.00003373843,0.0003218157,5.556784e-7,0.00000267977,0.00001091452,0.000002631856,0.0002097498,0.9993155,0.000001908805,0.00009788678,9.739409e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972801,0.0003645813,0.00170469,0.00002861754,0.00001778935,0.000009843006,0.00008861824,0.00004361383,0.0004620492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962152,0.0002725583,0.002529339,0.00001452823,0.00000491421,0.000008101128,0.0001243289,0.00001169456,0.0008194578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008262923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00197202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141385467","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.103","title":"New insights into membrane fouling in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor based on characterization of cake sludge and bulk sludge","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":204,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bioreactor; Membrane fouling; Membrane bioreactor; Fouling; Membrane; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Activated sludge; Anaerobic exercise; Characterization (materials science); Membrane reactor; Waste management; Environmental science; Sewage treatment; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Biology; Biochemistry; Engineering; Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Hongjun Lin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianrong Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Weijue Gao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Limin Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fangyuan Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaofeng Lu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007963920641312024,"gpt":0.2165721828679732,"spread":0.2086082622266612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002353197,0.0004733487,0.0005339277,0.0003224273,0.0002864581,0.0006936471,0.0002814885,0.0006056409,0.0003470848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002326212,0.0002411916,0.0003158898,0.0002224159,0.0003593346,0.0008620466,0.0002217238,0.0005767337,0.0001538021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002426471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003008735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001017404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001528836,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999053,0.00001101449,0.000007424116,0.000025485,0.00002991679,0.00002088253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999863,0.00004980524,0.00001620145,0.00001454109,0.00003512805,0.00002126941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002910196,0.000006226132,0.0001244822,0.000008602229,0.000001259347,0.00001428015,0.00001072847,0.00002235506,0.9991604,0.00002556237,0.000004648261,0.000592422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007587868,0.0001425414,0.00673948,0.000003849373,0.00001701919,0.0002210081,0.0001028627,0.00283414,0.9889792,0.0003244077,0.0006167265,0.00001127896],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897501,0.0007305371,0.008912631,0.000115016,0.00001549367,0.00001073362,0.00009650132,0.00004039774,0.0003285589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865072,0.0007310519,0.01091203,0.00008628626,0.00002010885,0.00002234396,0.0002034007,0.00002879701,0.001488832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001017404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002022922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811157739","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.102","title":"A review of membrane fouling and its control in algal-related membrane processes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":202,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Membrane fouling; Photobioreactor; Fouling; Biorefinery; Membrane; Membrane technology; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Biochemical engineering; Biofuel; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yichen Liao","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alnour Bokhary","is_ca":true},{"name":"Esmat Maleki","is_ca":true},{"name":"Baoqiang Liao","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02305838039503535,"gpt":0.291986618167794,"spread":0.2689282377727586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007576683,0.001078497,0.001743984,0.003282047,0.0003640538,0.001201103,0.0009885555,0.001134539,0.002485857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001048346,0.0003909513,0.0007368774,0.004283068,0.0004036181,0.001837928,0.0007531296,0.001198225,0.0008863752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004731326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00142949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001123697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00217672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996413,0.00004295604,0.00008218339,0.00006680035,0.0001380907,0.00002865446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994251,0.000243997,0.0001201221,0.00001535509,0.0001585358,0.00003697061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001059776,0.0001429678,0.0002392322,0.07643098,0.0001994168,0.0002525634,0.00009155304,0.0004987085,0.007008237,0.002733901,0.02158981,0.8907066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001865825,0.0002611779,0.001375474,0.007471733,0.0004567411,0.00119192,0.00009861934,0.000190243,0.002795651,0.001445085,0.9846346,0.00006011411],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001633858,0.9989302,0.0001700035,0.0001088652,0.0001614541,0.000004276263,0.00002383832,0.0000040646,0.0004339154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006630271,0.9984967,0.0002724488,0.00009720892,0.0001409239,0.000004535028,0.00002853666,9.483942e-7,0.0002957446],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003282047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00831604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971202652","doi":"10.1039/c3tb21681k","title":"Control of biofouling on reverse osmosis polyamide membranes modified with biocidal nanoparticles and antifouling polymer brushes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofouling; Materials science; Membrane; Polyelectrolyte; Chemical engineering; Silver nanoparticle; Adhesion; Polyamide; Polymer; Surface modification; Polymer chemistry; Contact angle; Nanoparticle; Thin-film composite membrane; Reverse osmosis; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Md. Saifur Rahaman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Héloïse Thérien‐Aubin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moshe Ben‐Sasson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher K. Ober","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melissa Nielsen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Menachem Elimelech","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008209078956083029,"gpt":0.205509856388549,"spread":0.1973007774324659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003161806,0.0005777387,0.0004081225,0.0001813174,0.0001693727,0.0004859415,0.0002410866,0.0004443621,0.0003336259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003851446,0.0002177314,0.0003077924,0.0001574104,0.0002651406,0.0003068741,0.0002468334,0.0004311594,0.0001979138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003967312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001698865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005174872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006699817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996847,0.0000434392,0.00003073675,0.00008673788,0.00009296994,0.00006145166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997362,0.00006242564,0.00008278765,0.00001774857,0.00007297009,0.00002782029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000106667,0.000004349626,0.00001948646,0.00001133056,0.000001329682,0.000005562624,0.000004817362,0.00001782831,0.9996377,0.000006627872,0.000003293386,0.0002768682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003329324,0.0000367388,0.0003373048,0.000001335415,0.000003852027,0.00001122028,0.000004544415,0.0004351984,0.9989786,0.000003641796,0.0001823095,0.000002053889],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940026,0.0009179157,0.004400698,0.00004951228,0.0000303521,0.00004205914,0.00005850253,0.00006564712,0.0004327544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907994,0.001040242,0.00707421,0.00004258214,0.00001514433,0.0000717336,0.00008129366,0.00002592002,0.0008494392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005777387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002878487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158790853","doi":"10.1080/07388550008984168","title":"Membrane Processing of Fruit Juices and Beverages: A Review","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":198,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrafiltration (renal); Microfiltration; Reverse osmosis; Membrane; Electrodialysis; Membrane technology; Food science; Chemistry; Filtration (mathematics); Process engineering; Biochemical engineering; Fruit juice; Pulp and paper industry; Chromatography; Biotechnology; Biology; Mathematics; Engineering; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Benoît Girard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lana Fukumoto","is_ca":true},{"name":"SEFA S. KOSEOGLU","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05839949038244398,"gpt":0.3783178337570184,"spread":0.3199183433745745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004486585,0.001419227,0.002010549,0.001952177,0.0003968065,0.001157025,0.0009640703,0.001196421,0.004779451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004315676,0.0003243904,0.0004937699,0.002807812,0.0002934103,0.001784769,0.0005231914,0.0007822791,0.005280247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004388769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008965075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00121317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001885763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997371,0.00002964147,0.00003258153,0.00005403854,0.0001284234,0.00001819995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997937,0.00006534209,0.00003942912,0.000008084658,0.00007196567,0.00002149831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006491612,0.0001281217,0.0001562413,0.01861635,0.00008430127,0.0003607027,0.00007169241,0.0004899934,0.01335662,0.001423061,0.01458955,0.9506584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001873963,0.0001802425,0.0009892136,0.002389795,0.0001139888,0.001641701,0.00008009472,0.000148745,0.003975284,0.0009766275,0.9894615,0.00002398473],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004587241,0.9965914,0.0005716764,0.0001199951,0.0001714638,0.00001296121,0.00002785046,0.00002232397,0.002023569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001095771,0.9956809,0.001029927,0.0001191893,0.0001184687,0.00001583868,0.00006145395,0.000003738226,0.001874722],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004779451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01598889,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1822614884","doi":"10.1039/c5ra08317f","title":"Thin film composite polyamide membranes: parametric study on the influence of synthesis conditions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RSC Advances","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":196,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Hospital Edmonton; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Polyamide; Interfacial polymerization; Membrane; Thin-film composite membrane; Monomer; Polymerization; Chemical engineering; Composite number; Salt (chemistry); Range (aeronautics); Polymer chemistry; Materials science; Polymer; Chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Reverse osmosis; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Behnam Khorshidi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Thundat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian A. Fleck","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohtada Sadrzadeh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02603257783385018,"gpt":0.2849019589681038,"spread":0.2588693811342537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000408991,0.0004451282,0.0002937201,0.0001579029,0.0002208735,0.0003227016,0.0003365929,0.0003977701,0.0007728378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008171721,0.0002114716,0.0002508374,0.0003233224,0.0002516281,0.0004456445,0.0002849795,0.0003849335,0.0001625917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000235617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002090843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004596311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004647182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997457,0.00003436586,0.00001365279,0.00006916942,0.00008619339,0.00005091058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995019,0.0002561385,0.0001093457,0.00005778408,0.0000590419,0.00001563542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001511018,0.00003149077,0.0001794355,0.00004161747,0.000005144806,0.00002853586,0.00005316122,0.001409795,0.9960063,0.00007346323,0.00002253525,0.001997392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008461041,0.0001513992,0.001184165,0.000003326588,0.0000105203,0.00002076518,0.00001942217,0.00582558,0.9925437,0.00003425399,0.0001885535,0.0000097467],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927831,0.0002677736,0.005624689,0.00003082821,0.000007698459,0.00001879514,0.0001186178,0.00004380169,0.001104721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975826,0.0001755245,0.001872772,0.000005271481,0.000004449412,0.00002199354,0.00003114844,0.00001225227,0.0002940441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007728378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002585411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2243037874","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2015.12.062","title":"Surface modification methods of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Membrane; Surface modification; Chemical engineering; Polyelectrolyte; Solvent; Materials science; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry; Polymer; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Amirilargani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohtada Sadrzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ernst J. R. Sudhölter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louis C. P. M. de Smet","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03437962416386366,"gpt":0.286594002756,"spread":0.2522143785921364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002061815,0.0003691291,0.0002031494,0.0002418115,0.0002227689,0.0002549058,0.0002708663,0.0003469377,0.000721883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000220829,0.0001680309,0.0003551216,0.0001623485,0.0001903402,0.0002728587,0.0002057907,0.0003751034,0.0002488173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003610611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006038875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998016,0.00002841277,0.00001165683,0.0000349539,0.00008877378,0.00003457133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999442,0.00001184082,0.00001271029,0.000007543041,0.00001854303,0.000005103092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000197365,0.000007164896,0.0000508306,0.00005008871,0.000005444833,0.00001789914,0.00001957477,0.00005114501,0.9960448,0.0001081329,0.00002589363,0.003599198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002353895,0.00003445926,0.000590711,0.000002617809,0.000006123769,0.000040803,0.000007547328,0.0003386987,0.9973783,0.00003089651,0.001564207,0.000003141793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9374518,0.005733963,0.05079206,0.0002338121,0.0001864029,0.00011086,0.0001378894,0.0001387258,0.005214473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9664805,0.00342281,0.02242332,0.0001104273,0.00004220259,0.00007690139,0.0001770392,0.00004455778,0.007222326],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000721883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002414882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062602945","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2014.11.019","title":"A novel thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane with superior anti-organic fouling affinity for water desalination","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane; Chemical engineering; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Thin-film composite membrane; Forward osmosis; Polyamide; Reverse osmosis; Nanofiltration; Fouling; Biofouling; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Membrane fouling; Polymer chemistry; Chemistry; Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Daryoush Emadzadeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masoud Rahbari‐Sisakht","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aref Daneshfar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohammad Ghanbari","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. Mayahi","is_ca":false},{"name":"T. Matsuura","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01349340164073362,"gpt":0.2258689233571524,"spread":0.2123755217164187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009380492,0.0003505682,0.0002270568,0.0002400432,0.00022346,0.0003358701,0.0003312957,0.0005848453,0.000562836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000122403,0.0002082882,0.0002498497,0.0001413803,0.0001340893,0.0004445081,0.0002228872,0.0003875788,0.0003009375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002325895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001464651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004802036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001060734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999206,0.000007048868,0.00000523377,0.0000229826,0.00002825111,0.0000158561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999342,0.000008384049,0.00001412207,0.000004528397,0.00002471859,0.00001409273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001871455,0.00001258102,0.00003099706,0.00003042867,0.000004181865,0.00003728956,0.000004113641,0.00005542685,0.9981489,0.00004734697,0.00005855616,0.001551488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006039034,0.00009317174,0.0004320195,0.000002097564,0.0000151925,0.0001452859,0.000007179167,0.001563706,0.995824,0.00001684082,0.001887662,0.000006758639],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736453,0.003301546,0.0184051,0.0003600006,0.0001799672,0.00004092478,0.00013728,0.0004591294,0.003470661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982807,0.000988845,0.01068681,0.0001226064,0.00003392485,0.0000213663,0.0001132544,0.00003509429,0.005190955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005848453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001882911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009957191","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2008.12.021","title":"Surface modification of thin film composite polyamide membranes by electrostatic self deposition of polycations for improved fouling resistance","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane; Thin-film composite membrane; Fouling; Chemical engineering; Polyamide; Permeation; Interfacial polymerization; Biofouling; Membrane fouling; Cationic polymerization; Surface modification; Pulmonary surfactant; Materials science; Chemistry; Chromatography; Polymer chemistry; Reverse osmosis; Polymer; Composite material; Monomer","authors":[{"name":"Zhou Yong","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sanchuan Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Congjie Gao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xianshe Feng","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009486863758645825,"gpt":0.2666882374792884,"spread":0.2572013737206426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000174385,0.0003150279,0.0002030367,0.0001725046,0.0001788258,0.0002368249,0.0002497728,0.0004238405,0.0005329542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000220837,0.0002121579,0.000343857,0.0001303171,0.000158719,0.0002823335,0.000185571,0.00037824,0.0001829963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002349772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001630954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006024259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000815152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998618,0.00001422982,0.00001277394,0.00002524428,0.00004608432,0.00003976067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998786,0.00002515266,0.00003036456,0.00001786052,0.00003329835,0.00001470161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001285019,0.000003404679,0.00001534565,0.000008486631,0.000001490095,0.00001014754,0.000005668719,0.0000334698,0.9995614,0.00001861597,0.000007539591,0.0003214525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001488083,0.00002066778,0.0002055296,4.796649e-7,0.000002477248,0.00002094122,0.00000257626,0.0003097081,0.9992158,0.00000513524,0.0002136382,0.000001441778],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937438,0.0004818488,0.00491984,0.00005168919,0.00002865554,0.00001063655,0.00003305928,0.00006673118,0.0006636659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929212,0.0003068576,0.004755433,0.00003043841,0.00001124143,0.00001414466,0.0000791418,0.000021075,0.001860567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006024259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001782894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2783269742","doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-18724-w","title":"Robust fabrication of thin film polyamide-TiO2 nanocomposite membranes with enhanced thermal stability and anti-biofouling propensity","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance","keywords":"Polyamide; Nanocomposite; Biofouling; Fabrication; Thermal stability; Membrane; Materials science; Thermal; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Engineering; Medicine; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Behnam Khorshidi","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ishita Biswas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tanushree Ghosh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Thomas Thundat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mohtada Sadrzadeh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02261540487962415,"gpt":0.2261772420380494,"spread":0.2035618371584253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003805754,0.0004012499,0.0002693692,0.0002708918,0.0002128003,0.0004469508,0.0003216818,0.0005661848,0.0005311853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003602461,0.0002666901,0.0003404206,0.0001619832,0.00021929,0.0005726003,0.0002392159,0.0005172056,0.0002793456],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004524985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002329048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000424565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009948796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998422,0.00001634489,0.00001473902,0.00003915535,0.00005189626,0.00003567784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998276,0.00003579951,0.00005696111,0.0000187316,0.00003877515,0.00002208689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006806781,0.000005090596,0.00001120724,0.0000122301,0.00000179374,0.00001255083,0.000004264652,0.00005394411,0.999599,0.0000247026,0.00001027397,0.0002581634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003059184,0.0000181221,0.0001629489,0.000001247476,0.00000350165,0.00002744361,0.000003606784,0.0005881956,0.9987503,0.000009915861,0.0004292931,0.000002272155],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674768,0.001782763,0.02742172,0.0002090605,0.0001000225,0.00007026859,0.0002724796,0.0004043458,0.002262757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783062,0.0007172237,0.01836368,0.00005345726,0.00001985543,0.00006758805,0.0001719742,0.00006295718,0.002237026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005661848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003283143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1461679908","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2015.09.019","title":"Minimizing structural parameter of thin film composite forward osmosis membranes using polysulfone/halloysite nanotubes as membrane substrates","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Forward osmosis; Halloysite; Polysulfone; Membrane; Thin-film composite membrane; Chemical engineering; Interfacial polymerization; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Concentration polarization; Desalination; Reverse osmosis; Composite material; Chemistry; Polymer","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Ghanbari","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daryoush Emadzadeh","is_ca":true},{"name":"W.J. Lau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hossein Riazi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Davood Almasi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03467255536795146,"gpt":0.2800904380095351,"spread":0.2454178826415836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001109813,0.0002002108,0.0001215754,0.0001243914,0.0002055583,0.0002228005,0.0002013393,0.0002635213,0.0006864655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001425758,0.0001401871,0.0001401349,0.0001171267,0.00009228515,0.0003256872,0.0001101535,0.0002532945,0.0001760221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002449567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001643484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004367768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001399021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999342,0.000005180764,0.000003982418,0.00001642748,0.00002828627,0.00001196018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999129,0.00001816643,0.00002179758,0.000009207109,0.00002947719,0.000008461085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002584848,0.000003944052,0.00008725177,0.00001308846,0.000001409045,0.0000100998,0.000004984119,0.0001171503,0.9991549,0.00004438245,0.00001487667,0.0005220648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001503261,0.00002667024,0.0004845604,0.000001014901,0.000002801003,0.00001184207,0.000006820639,0.0007374237,0.9985373,0.000007918202,0.0001807495,0.000001298388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978117,0.0001469209,0.001439895,0.00001879978,0.00001022652,0.000003323502,0.00003189842,0.00002423931,0.0005129751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971809,0.0001221137,0.001923345,0.000006647963,0.00000288508,0.00000445913,0.00005544724,0.000008712454,0.0006954735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006864655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002296448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}