{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":518,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":518,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"79d1321367b2","filters":{"topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques"}},"results":[{"id":"W2199344813","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2015-0253","title":"Improved image-based deformation measurement for geotechnical applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":442,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Lloyd's Register","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Geotechnical engineering; Centrifuge; Deformation (meteorology); Displacement (psychology); Geology; Engineering; Mechanics; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0640117923835182,"gpt":0.2716737198151028,"spread":0.2076619274315846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002493783,0.0002115422,0.0002320377,0.0003589804,0.0002975333,0.0004939027,0.00144564,0.0002352011,0.00001555676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006494959,0.0001874859,0.0001840399,0.0003731959,0.0001028938,0.0006876452,0.00006919759,0.0005597351,0.00003737804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001404287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00216833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005902563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006716406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977221,0.00006642169,0.0005705428,0.0003240162,0.0006396058,0.0006772473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962206,0.00004493208,0.0001653232,0.0005707422,0.001511273,0.001487112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002957865,0.001030725,0.000104719,0.0001984714,0.0002253755,0.00007068231,0.0002515571,0.003599535,0.05958449,0.2545446,0.1804683,0.4996257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002084755,0.001720036,0.0001564177,0.0001668965,0.00006241428,0.0002180563,0.00005004284,0.6531907,0.01873028,0.05821399,0.2644239,0.0009825166],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008067981,0.00009557661,0.988453,0.009074254,0.0001859804,0.0008624227,0.000008518491,0.0003239751,0.0009155873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8594746,0.000006391257,0.1383132,0.001497754,0.000243527,0.0004180039,0.000006989797,0.00002131759,0.00001824677],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8593939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7645453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297791536","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-2721-4","title":"Inverse Problems in Vibration","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":227,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Vibration; Inverse; Mathematics; Acoustics; Physics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03972030947129177,"gpt":0.2538637181411311,"spread":0.2141434086698394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001039503,0.0004922941,0.0004930842,0.0007799866,0.00005524705,0.0007708912,0.002798792,0.001415339,0.00009447143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001222747,0.0004779236,0.0001487697,0.0001505332,0.0001508717,0.003416853,0.0005581426,0.002823562,0.0001386019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000790114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007675488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001459657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005157907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99668,0.00009226642,0.0008521753,0.0009053148,0.0008243637,0.0006459006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984521,0.00006586924,0.000324282,0.0007727084,0.0001683492,0.0002167255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006263658,0.00002757669,0.0000728481,0.00008069599,0.0000323718,0.000007749436,0.0009742384,0.000007418246,0.0006439677,0.08109281,0.8588437,0.05821038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004560872,0.0001539456,0.00004237685,0.000820726,0.00001894787,0.00000831221,0.000009457375,0.001720998,0.0006881543,0.1493628,0.8457881,0.0009301128],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001900398,0.0001600781,0.01327174,0.001167679,0.0005694703,0.0007909588,0.000002439512,0.0007277187,0.9832909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004720248,0.00003392891,0.005807307,0.003266585,0.0007417356,0.0002453947,0.00004080789,0.00007923628,0.9850647],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06826995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W986368555","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.016","title":"High resolution mapping of strain localization near twin boundaries in a nickel-based superalloy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":211,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère du Développement Économique, de l’Innovation et de l’Exportation","keywords":"Materials science; Superalloy; Lüders band; Crystallite; Plasticity; Digital image correlation; Grain boundary; Slip (aerodynamics); Annealing (glass); Composite material; Grain size; Metallurgy; Deformation bands; Microstructure; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05412974869447032,"gpt":0.2638116698516075,"spread":0.2096819211571372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005483215,0.0001005336,0.0001668882,0.00009643591,0.00004484768,0.0004147253,0.0003775479,0.00007349205,0.0000315981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001159508,0.00009409893,0.00002136942,0.0002247206,0.0001300994,0.0005418744,0.0000848168,0.00004854268,0.000009425407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008661388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001776581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005364387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003729946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989654,0.000108386,0.0003064227,0.0001931449,0.0002380457,0.0001885408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994731,0.000006800757,0.00007091445,0.0002713359,0.0001267725,0.00005107576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002283188,0.0003364619,0.006371814,0.0001849871,0.00001650328,0.00001163719,0.00330265,0.0001276868,0.7857649,0.1903965,0.01194522,0.001313358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003374518,0.001734505,0.01616614,0.0009527685,0.00001768457,0.000004477215,0.0002717665,0.1392339,0.7562891,0.04653588,0.03439191,0.001027287],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7726052,0.00001498735,0.2239273,0.001165873,0.0014305,0.0002539722,0.00001051962,0.000212291,0.0003793637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9710399,9.269333e-7,0.02877733,0.00008997797,0.00002825627,0.00001200339,0.00001593923,0.000006076355,0.00002961429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1984347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3999206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1896929487","doi":"10.1007/s11340-015-0083-4","title":"Sub-Grain Scale Digital Image Correlation by Electron Microscopy for Polycrystalline Materials during Elastic and Plastic Deformation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Materials science; Crystallite; Plasticity; Scanning electron microscope; Microstructure; Composite material; Lüders band; Grain boundary; Superalloy; Grain size; Optics; Metallurgy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01266970089885186,"gpt":0.2616573936029188,"spread":0.248987692704067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001529964,0.0001566197,0.000143124,0.0000588679,0.00008393797,0.0003708279,0.0001911424,0.00006509951,0.000003704936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006249981,0.0001486371,0.00002487083,0.00007374225,0.00001956964,0.001228598,0.000112492,0.00005447592,0.00001168741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001512305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002053751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002635516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.506617e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990348,0.00001970049,0.0002485647,0.0002445334,0.000195426,0.000256951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995791,0.00002741329,0.00008711484,0.000131468,0.00006295731,0.0001119529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007497129,0.00006403927,0.000004911883,0.00001085024,0.000004096107,2.048652e-7,0.0002135327,6.858164e-7,0.9960684,0.003254916,0.0002280297,0.00007537546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005517698,0.000835103,0.000005512585,0.00003376079,0.000004055072,0.000007918827,0.00009931973,0.0144356,0.9818913,0.001932207,0.00003270152,0.0001707113],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5191717,0.00008684316,0.4799988,0.00002811952,0.0002679977,0.0002561119,0.00001742575,0.0001255781,0.00004746229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900525,0.000004356176,0.009734134,0.00001996682,0.00003646968,0.00006473905,0.00004865621,0.00001414673,0.00002508393],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4708807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6061247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058668249","doi":"10.1007/s11340-009-9220-2","title":"A Novel “Subset Splitting” Procedure for Digital Image Correlation on Discontinuous Displacement Fields","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Classification of discontinuities; Discontinuity (linguistics); Displacement (psychology); Pixel; Offset (computer science); Robustness (evolution); Digital image; Residual; Geometry; Mathematics; Computer science; Acoustics; Algorithm; Optics; Image processing; Image (mathematics); Physics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0241246240947917,"gpt":0.2869780057333498,"spread":0.262853381638558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001230169,0.0001933477,0.0001531701,0.00005288854,0.0001030096,0.0003191651,0.000430869,0.0000813032,0.00001262574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006311003,0.0001679529,0.00009180429,0.00009811911,0.00001022087,0.0006662997,0.00008186624,0.0001159015,0.00001956911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009690569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001997206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.709442e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.707935e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987954,0.000007582789,0.0002416958,0.0003891724,0.0002834776,0.0002826671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994527,0.00002971867,0.00008531219,0.0002962861,0.00005383146,0.00008215892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000145588,0.001259512,0.000006903069,0.00001261916,0.0000155887,0.000002398388,0.0007879625,0.000007221194,0.4076113,0.5775292,0.002560767,0.01006098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009948952,0.005763596,0.00003395658,0.0001558882,0.000007414651,0.000009058328,0.0002695246,0.1056123,0.8702872,0.01576052,0.0006368893,0.0004687116],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01149102,0.00004326081,0.9817438,0.0008300809,0.0003410178,0.0007605731,0.00001300505,0.0002845736,0.004492729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9665613,0.000001235542,0.03255708,0.0005117166,0.00006992356,0.00009082451,0.00001828795,0.000009758603,0.0001798593],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9550703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6848919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054790610","doi":"10.1364/oe.22.009887","title":"Adaptive fringe-pattern projection for image saturation avoidance in 3D surface-shape measurement","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Structured-light 3D scanner; Optics; Projection (relational algebra); Saturation (graph theory); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05529168331418409,"gpt":0.270479592171588,"spread":0.2151879088574039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009043383,0.0001704838,0.0001783393,0.00007862433,0.0000800011,0.0002096329,0.0004890704,0.00008321245,0.000004135742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001689748,0.0001605322,0.00004885176,0.0001427855,0.00003377181,0.0007049221,0.0001050133,0.0001639989,0.00001160263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001482426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003192235,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002551541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003393124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984735,0.00008600784,0.0002858757,0.0004123383,0.0004390735,0.0003031747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998996,0.00006580485,0.0001063494,0.0003661844,0.0004118732,0.00005384862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001071193,0.000469893,0.0009725157,0.0001766584,0.00003447648,0.000002752188,0.001805756,0.0003958882,0.841887,0.03047694,0.001066571,0.1226045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004083531,0.0004889059,0.0005905233,0.0002019198,0.000006283087,9.738808e-7,0.00002896489,0.7720016,0.22341,0.00213606,0.0004520208,0.0002743581],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01988776,0.00002601703,0.9743448,0.0002462881,0.0002824053,0.0006456912,0.000002029555,0.0001840878,0.004380895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7722418,0.000006962818,0.2274771,0.00005967067,0.00006713864,0.0001019089,0.000001525283,0.00001058056,0.00003328712],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7716057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6546313,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2620696154","doi":"10.1016/j.rcim.2017.05.004","title":"Robot calibration using a portable photogrammetry system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Consortium de Recherche et d’innovation en Aérospatiale au Québec","keywords":"Laser tracker; Calibration; Photogrammetry; Robot calibration; Robot; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Laser; Position (finance); Computer science; Industrial robot; Inverse kinematics; Kinematics; Robot kinematics; Optics; Mobile robot; Mathematics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03979414889611534,"gpt":0.2563328022272451,"spread":0.2165386533311298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000251806,0.0002693631,0.0003115102,0.0001315338,0.000652417,0.00208227,0.0009330672,0.0001221633,0.000003778635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001170345,0.0002276398,0.00007442818,0.00005991431,0.00006492677,0.0009018296,0.000465948,0.000246987,0.000003631905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009034492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004404722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007585589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002999452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984963,0.00004060001,0.0003292827,0.000487617,0.0002504273,0.0003957819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986855,0.00002622457,0.0002340029,0.0007970934,0.00009227526,0.000164856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009198145,0.0006446714,0.008631961,0.001050632,0.0006011898,0.000539652,0.0006785774,0.0389074,0.03876106,0.4112549,0.0008629768,0.497975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001897504,0.0001196955,0.001392074,0.000287967,0.00001767637,0.00004080488,0.0000236148,0.9082273,0.0888008,0.0005340917,0.0000840816,0.0002820994],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03166496,0.00003740367,0.9658902,0.0001309868,0.0005934941,0.0002064561,0.000001411297,0.0004558089,0.001019233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8102467,0.0000116215,0.1895451,0.00005042012,0.00009522348,0.000004564103,0.000002626805,0.00001354563,0.0000301802],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8693199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028940384","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.07.001","title":"Analysis of measurement sensitivity to illuminance and fringe-pattern gray levels for fringe-pattern projection adaptive to ambient lighting","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Illuminance; Optics; Observational error; Calibration; Projection (relational algebra); Structured-light 3D scanner; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Physics; Mathematics; Algorithm; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03384687620546528,"gpt":0.2507579633155412,"spread":0.2169110871100759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006303672,0.0001469779,0.0002624047,0.0003816775,0.00003627219,0.00006311139,0.0001108761,0.00004204622,2.791365e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009845792,0.0001464111,0.0000440862,0.0004724266,0.000008964579,0.0001460504,0.00007436763,0.00008212157,1.666099e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006822647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008732708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004845935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001208064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989614,0.00001385962,0.0002341308,0.0003281682,0.0002235372,0.0002388414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995075,0.00004035848,0.00004728042,0.0001694019,0.0001446442,0.00009076006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007330864,0.0003566851,0.02096046,0.000329255,0.0004364217,0.00002342745,0.008859022,0.07210987,0.4393738,0.004433847,0.00003377127,0.4530101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000167418,0.0006649037,0.08769497,0.0004136638,0.00005947303,0.000001184408,0.00006725335,0.8067505,0.1038447,0.00002747221,0.00002690496,0.0002816253],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3833763,0.00001428721,0.6161228,0.000139832,0.00004441983,0.0002206217,0.000003515137,0.00003243023,0.00004586569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9613625,0.000007074751,0.03850588,0.0000734685,0.00001760801,0.00002417762,4.074471e-7,0.000005960812,0.000002939028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7346406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.597047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4290652793","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce6","title":"Line-by-line Velocity Measurements: an Outlier-resistant Method for Precision Velocimetry","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Physics; Velocimetry; Line (geometry); Radial velocity; Optics; Astrophysics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07919695353917716,"gpt":0.3365017888241136,"spread":0.2573048352849365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004782987,0.0001891295,0.0002658498,0.00009105758,0.0007495523,0.0003292311,0.002069771,0.00004302286,0.0001278018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000169347,0.0001326244,0.0001859832,0.0001631638,0.00005002461,0.0004493799,0.0005181355,0.0006787293,0.000007009886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003467969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001302391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008564833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001415713,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974663,0.0005615743,0.0005457245,0.0003454901,0.0006455755,0.0004352812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986787,0.0002026079,0.0002427131,0.0004816889,0.0001828211,0.0002114005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001840993,0.001661925,0.0007941084,0.00001224859,0.0003175448,0.000002021749,0.0007357084,0.002467111,0.2911246,0.01096062,0.02887596,0.6612071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006483411,0.02070857,0.006073943,0.0001241835,0.0002758059,0.0001321806,0.0008345891,0.4950703,0.3235925,0.08330226,0.06145295,0.001949307],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05389637,0.00009190378,0.941983,0.003005728,0.0004303647,0.0003184957,0.00001559371,0.00009061813,0.0001679181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6592911,0.000001935816,0.3400748,0.0002442252,0.0002374321,0.00005483451,0.000004558823,0.00001493426,0.00007615912],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6592578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5765026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014070888","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8659.2008.01175.x","title":"The Visual Computing of Projector‐Camera Systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computer Graphics Forum","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Projector; Computer science; Computer vision; Computer graphics (images); Image warping; Artificial intelligence; High dynamic range; Projection (relational algebra); Pixel; Tone mapping; Dynamic range; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0358623574271747,"gpt":0.2697988563418318,"spread":0.2339364989146571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004679926,0.0001781634,0.0002426883,0.0001442251,0.0004328662,0.0001553842,0.001342593,0.00007489901,5.48566e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000213827,0.0001216578,0.0001374824,0.000532425,0.0002738926,0.00027616,0.0004991543,0.0002311704,0.000006666602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001991177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006407137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003281784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003166136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982398,0.0001017674,0.0004497918,0.000312892,0.0004686384,0.0004270921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986988,0.0002053499,0.0001822138,0.0005269942,0.0003096577,0.00007703943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009532672,0.0001378674,0.01047262,0.00003585992,0.00006277868,0.000009850459,0.0004187346,0.00002519986,0.0003982633,0.9696335,0.0062906,0.01250519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003410451,0.001221472,0.005861698,0.0002036042,0.000008477708,0.00008577268,0.00004869271,0.9766254,0.004297543,0.003464837,0.0074094,0.0004320505],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04569278,0.0004170142,0.9499829,0.0004229262,0.001514357,0.0003733666,7.752944e-7,0.0003915873,0.001204259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916701,0.00007313102,0.00794715,0.0001546908,0.0001101557,0.000009446656,8.84765e-7,0.000009965293,0.00002449466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9766002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4961062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037000600","doi":"10.1007/s00586-007-0457-0","title":"Reliability of trunk shape measurements based on 3-D surface reconstructions","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Spine Journal","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Calgary; Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Trunk; Reliability (semiconductor); Neurosurgery; Orthodontics; Surface (topology); Anatomy; Geometry; Surgery; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06096840878029483,"gpt":0.2865742358513065,"spread":0.2256058270710116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004332736,0.0001359793,0.0001662159,0.0001396758,0.0001228199,0.00009263506,0.0007455003,0.00002694886,0.0001851079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003645032,0.0001088777,0.0001195724,0.0002824233,0.00007756706,0.0003270295,0.00006819346,0.0003653251,0.0000401112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008631858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005786352,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001327955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.464524e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981414,0.0002317284,0.0005681281,0.0002261107,0.0005680862,0.0002645623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987189,0.00002691468,0.0002362858,0.0004276572,0.0004223715,0.0001678553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002178721,0.001996886,0.0397161,0.0000796865,0.00009186448,0.0001233628,0.0004159629,0.001161594,0.5741776,0.006705225,0.01075393,0.3645599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002580553,0.005445024,0.674008,0.001071199,0.00004843413,0.0002054185,0.00006367055,0.02591898,0.2800452,0.002043793,0.007586827,0.0009829405],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2572854,0.00002461401,0.5344956,0.000590201,0.0008288229,0.0001460308,9.819599e-7,0.0001791259,0.2064493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.874938,0.000004698371,0.1247303,0.0001543736,0.00009833193,1.644785e-7,2.768654e-7,0.000009804998,0.00006401822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6342919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4439906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999376132","doi":"10.1007/s00138-006-0014-6","title":"An empirical evaluation of factors influencing camera calibration accuracy using three publicly available techniques","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Vision and Applications","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Calibration; Camera resectioning; Artificial intelligence; Camera auto-calibration; Noise (video); Computer vision; Field (mathematics); Image (mathematics); Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08117610329943122,"gpt":0.3780328171154858,"spread":0.2968567138160546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006428532,0.000119948,0.0001288491,0.0001637343,0.0001643134,0.0002060887,0.0003163103,0.00006667297,0.00005215111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004124876,0.00009464299,0.00003091882,0.0003805419,0.0000522014,0.001076907,0.00008665423,0.00009577928,0.000002072274],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004701332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007027727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008086211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001075106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987695,0.00007408946,0.0003169575,0.0003151711,0.0003971674,0.0001271374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990205,0.00005148835,0.0001421471,0.0004250845,0.0003006422,0.0000601052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008188399,0.0006497407,0.1514358,0.00003444337,0.00001280397,1.367164e-7,0.0002121036,0.0001483039,0.5763895,0.07288856,0.0007385859,0.1974818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001562805,0.0001777804,0.02392196,0.00003168539,0.00002688057,0.000001712567,0.00002363477,0.8207906,0.1367415,0.0168768,0.001043864,0.000207344],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3693268,0.00007734435,0.6274529,0.0001983943,0.00001089394,0.0004944948,0.000004634885,0.0002394186,0.002195108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9690794,0.000005313979,0.03072293,0.00005583027,0.00003210253,0.00006904763,0.00002323426,0.000006694716,0.000005459154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8206423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3859429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096673926","doi":"10.1139/l06-106","title":"Digital image correlation analysis of crack behavior in a reinforced concrete beam during a load test","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministère des Transports","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Structural engineering; Durability; Displacement (psychology); Beam (structure); Load testing; Displacement field; Materials science; Reinforced concrete; Shear (geology); Composite material; Engineering; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006902861329127957,"gpt":0.1914938617644912,"spread":0.1845910004353632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001775386,0.00009248582,0.0002285126,0.0008420357,0.00001764271,0.0001244058,0.0002973169,0.00004510738,0.00002320956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002287002,0.0000950369,0.0001130898,0.0007265926,0.00002242068,0.0008125238,0.00001408622,0.0001610326,9.916167e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002424844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002032545,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004923673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0084223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990655,0.000004297697,0.0004432337,0.00008572484,0.0001976058,0.0002036795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993043,0.00004830526,0.000142284,0.0001339024,0.0002180622,0.0001531319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002512019,0.00002662034,0.3534908,0.0001222414,0.0003228021,0.0008435335,0.001005332,0.1852098,0.4520069,0.004987534,0.0003385747,0.001620747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007226202,0.000397894,0.5918928,0.0004843768,0.0002282249,0.00007449267,0.00002802341,0.3686122,0.03689223,0.00007250386,0.00011155,0.0004830674],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8769369,0.0001071279,0.1179387,0.00005183113,0.0001196019,0.00009247049,0.000008213911,0.00002921398,0.00471596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99883,0.000001447812,0.001084999,0.000003358434,0.00002329228,0.000001894304,0.000001245055,0.000005627892,0.00004812101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4151147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4699841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3020944944","doi":"10.1109/tii.2020.2991458","title":"Optical Measurement of Highly Reflective Surfaces From a Single Exposure","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Computer science; Multiple exposure; High dynamic range; Artificial intelligence; Metric (unit); Computer vision; Metrology; Dynamic range; Entropy (arrow of time); Context (archaeology); Measurement uncertainty; Optics; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1616391701394013,"gpt":0.2717179500322783,"spread":0.110078779892877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002953509,0.0001947255,0.0003098441,0.00009651703,0.00007980722,0.0001222277,0.0006151077,0.0002099857,0.00004135528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007401264,0.0001706888,0.000118307,0.0004450521,0.00007894291,0.0007505367,0.000007417462,0.0004760858,0.00004107167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001256522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001345863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002820846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006629446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979753,0.00006017883,0.000740353,0.0001652231,0.0008293219,0.0002295686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889,0.0001164581,0.0001854796,0.0003154551,0.0003122073,0.0001803732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001843474,0.003463435,0.0001293402,0.000195697,0.001283767,0.00001145604,0.02904511,0.01402955,0.4522829,0.01083688,0.008894427,0.4779839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008056542,0.002481711,0.000009088508,0.0001264374,0.00003956521,6.177939e-7,0.0003077048,0.01452002,0.9807537,0.0002735624,0.0004565085,0.0002254353],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03207041,0.000009183985,0.9605038,0.001072938,0.0005133045,0.0003290975,0.00002535186,0.0002679694,0.005208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9689318,0.000006322492,0.03069996,0.0002581976,0.00007195878,0.00001709647,9.890921e-7,0.000007721177,0.000005929692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9368614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6960487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163109322","doi":"10.1016/s0191-8141(01)00081-5","title":"Determination of fabric and strain ellipsoids from measured sectional ellipses — theory","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Structural Geology","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ellipse; Ellipsoid; Allowance (engineering); Mathematics; Geometry; Geology; Mathematical analysis; Statistics; Geodesy; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03444365781568499,"gpt":0.2512490382071474,"spread":0.2168053803914625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003038424,0.00009058973,0.000206528,0.0001350852,0.00003610483,0.00002676821,0.0003259016,0.00008045803,0.0002484283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001146752,0.00006697501,0.00006162882,0.0000804379,0.0001349463,0.0003786082,0.00005066145,0.0001784574,0.000001872713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000208552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001364561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007161801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004059242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990147,0.00012803,0.0003771281,0.0001157829,0.0002445024,0.0001198859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991316,0.0001476197,0.0002954539,0.000102669,0.0002694688,0.00005316191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001524642,0.00008119407,0.06015866,0.00003589894,0.0001562015,0.0000375905,0.00166408,0.00002809177,0.2740497,0.1305144,0.0002177169,0.532904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007063611,0.00163267,0.3312462,0.00005076067,0.00003638069,0.0004883243,0.00006461587,0.01799618,0.03786495,0.6096026,0.00007626294,0.0002346586],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8735146,0.0005569228,0.1244022,0.0003389014,0.00039949,0.00005099851,0.000002798656,0.00002008022,0.0007140294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9706859,0.0000426818,0.02908848,0.00004725808,0.00009784268,4.641636e-7,3.549058e-7,0.000002568339,0.00003446781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5326694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2731162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972325237","doi":"10.1117/1.1555732","title":"Automatic calibration of low-cost digital cameras","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Photogrammetry; Computer science; Bundle adjustment; Calibration; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Distortion (music); Metric (unit); Camera resectioning; Digital camera; Charge-coupled device; Optics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01330671185496838,"gpt":0.2159438373069271,"spread":0.2026371254519587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009979604,0.00008891309,0.0001196531,0.00005620244,0.00001263106,0.0001024363,0.000216412,0.000041711,0.00002784334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002961993,0.00008012223,0.00003993233,0.0001733523,0.00001907812,0.0005383168,0.00003581854,0.00008415883,0.00001027872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000228281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001933084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.057245e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.377073e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993197,0.000004945703,0.000193198,0.0001323844,0.0001779414,0.000171771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996073,0.00005553929,0.00002110059,0.0002002633,0.00003893825,0.00007685416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[9.407736e-7,0.00008659918,0.0001963285,0.0000726302,0.00001306859,0.000003951492,0.00006390372,0.0007464631,0.02357552,0.9543758,0.00005061174,0.02081417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001170217,0.00008796442,0.0003296574,0.0001072075,0.000003428594,0.000005695892,0.000004732251,0.7882242,0.2098954,0.000848151,0.0001957304,0.000180898],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04581785,0.0000123429,0.9438168,0.00005504843,0.0001017462,0.00009928444,5.386873e-7,0.0002560523,0.009840322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9422529,0.000001097365,0.05769078,0.00001344325,0.000009338924,0.000009830859,5.880576e-7,0.000006005685,0.0000159522],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9535276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3267289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109343068","doi":"10.1109/42.876306","title":"A fast implementation of the minimum spanning tree method for phase unwrapping","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Minimum spanning tree; Pixel; Phase (matter); Phase unwrapping; Computer science; Spanning tree; Image processing; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Image (mathematics); Optics; Mathematics; Physics; Interferometry; Discrete mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04052629048466741,"gpt":0.3668973851913009,"spread":0.3263710947066335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006848389,0.0002921815,0.0003744796,0.0002736241,0.0002062351,0.0001098313,0.001306495,0.0002387302,0.0002830967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000232966,0.0002200887,0.000374619,0.0003519439,0.0001339003,0.0002982499,0.000007193237,0.001305539,0.000004686317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008903034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002330734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006014868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001299164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971738,0.0002094488,0.0006251603,0.0005132739,0.001029435,0.0004488187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986104,0.0004178363,0.0002019879,0.0005501105,0.0001282352,0.00009145997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001168312,0.00009013218,0.000001027553,0.00008810767,0.00006339887,0.000009694104,0.0003329999,0.000009723939,0.002463953,0.00004456751,0.06856424,0.9283205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004911626,0.0008543412,0.000009653949,0.003170288,0.0005443695,0.00009141467,0.0004115147,0.3282102,0.4681278,0.002285747,0.1899832,0.001399764],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002068726,0.00002405421,0.7933294,0.2047122,0.000672353,0.0004814483,0.00002248668,0.0001418394,0.0005955239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1050688,0.0001252645,0.2796942,0.6107913,0.002098699,0.001122897,0.00003767604,0.0001702065,0.0008909675],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9269207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8974957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147546673","doi":"10.1117/1.2721025","title":"Comparison of linear and nonlinear calibration methods for phase-measuring profilometry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Calibration; Profilometer; Projector; Nonlinear system; Structured-light 3D scanner; Linearity; Optics; Phase (matter); Noise (video); Range (aeronautics); Divergence (linguistics); Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Computer vision; Statistics; Materials science; Surface roughness; Image (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08856750364414741,"gpt":0.4195977242704574,"spread":0.33103022062631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009410485,0.0001040162,0.000215122,0.0001276621,0.00003032398,0.00003628979,0.0001994009,0.00007283891,0.000001820422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004461196,0.00009619927,0.00004176113,0.0002044973,0.00002550889,0.0002468128,0.00007309696,0.0001218148,3.840819e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000188138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001113659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.889957e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.483681e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991258,0.000007952243,0.0003248682,0.0001868828,0.0001341678,0.0002203773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993255,0.0002871192,0.00004143114,0.0001577622,0.00009011503,0.00009812939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003005172,0.0001888088,0.000289206,0.0001721947,0.00002230503,5.622011e-7,0.0001626525,0.0002207538,0.7213832,0.1004701,0.000006961408,0.1770533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001478943,0.0002326189,0.00008714014,0.00002930445,0.000004365392,7.019022e-7,0.000005662219,0.5243157,0.4748744,0.00008153929,0.0001523169,0.00006831398],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.03125292,0.00009253115,0.9676893,0.00006403033,0.0001057756,0.0001993534,6.559995e-7,0.0001603976,0.0004350067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4503277,0.000001243488,0.5496165,0.000005678462,0.00003385814,0.00000560957,7.651347e-7,0.000005415906,0.000003333753],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5240949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3922892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030964324","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.53.8.084109","title":"Modified sinusoidal fringe-pattern projection for variable illuminance in phase-shifting three-dimensional surface-shape metrology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Illuminance; Optics; Structured-light 3D scanner; Root mean square; Projection (relational algebra); Metrology; Mean squared error; Mathematics; Physics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02763728906988289,"gpt":0.2552240832081058,"spread":0.2275867941382229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000695391,0.0001895531,0.0002753378,0.0001193198,0.00005217453,0.00008219754,0.0003791596,0.0001312681,0.00000804044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004186895,0.0001848914,0.00005505404,0.0002726416,0.00002732293,0.0003522339,0.0001256335,0.0002530002,0.00000671475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008123912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002486605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002345633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007712487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985272,0.00001661704,0.0003296852,0.0004252047,0.0002085425,0.0004927164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992749,0.0002611955,0.00004547905,0.0002460813,0.00008855458,0.00008377949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001176483,0.0006703257,0.001136456,0.0002655785,0.00005824477,0.00001020985,0.0001561455,0.141202,0.2997127,0.4418858,0.00007964406,0.1147053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006122024,0.0004331468,0.0004101281,0.00009251354,0.00000496004,0.000003944792,0.000001045954,0.9846638,0.01262167,0.0007861209,0.0001549647,0.0002154808],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2525677,0.00001364047,0.745886,0.0001669131,0.0001932875,0.0002192536,8.916679e-7,0.000230425,0.0007219302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7691268,3.628232e-7,0.230686,0.00004889132,0.00006900306,0.00004155872,0.000001815615,0.00001421933,0.00001134803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8434618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7539654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168923406","doi":"10.1109/icip.2005.1530451","title":"Three-dimensional nth derivative of Gaussian separable steerable filters","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Separable space; Gaussian; Derivative (finance); Mathematics; Gaussian filter; Algorithm; Filtering theory; Computer science; Extension (predicate logic); Mathematical analysis; Applied mathematics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03236290391228143,"gpt":0.2654174482722089,"spread":0.2330545443599275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002034463,0.0001061107,0.000149626,0.00007092577,0.00004668225,0.00004244081,0.0004981013,0.00004151608,0.0004997485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002228216,0.00008066776,0.00005047231,0.0001877931,0.00005567477,0.0005833068,0.0001316608,0.0000863536,0.00006868921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003307396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004304809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005377322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005517554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990362,0.0000172244,0.0002158216,0.0002237477,0.0002880699,0.0002189527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999406,0.00004432034,0.00005557912,0.000310827,0.0001148442,0.0000684074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004167877,0.0005180362,0.002927736,0.00002900504,0.00008132424,0.000003917143,0.0003973936,0.0002673776,0.09509581,0.8004881,0.05484278,0.04530683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000329903,0.0005430169,0.002286309,0.0000968658,0.000006361252,0.000004135449,0.00001498248,0.0961701,0.8801705,0.01589327,0.004168699,0.0003159099],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02845385,0.00007936165,0.7556176,0.003258664,0.000119516,0.000246625,0.000001639001,0.0003818097,0.211841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7740129,0.000001690052,0.2250232,0.0003515595,0.00001961962,0.000007565746,5.886632e-7,0.000003614065,0.0005792003],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7850747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5471895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978792282","doi":"10.1243/030932405x16151","title":"Microscopic Strain Mapping Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Topography Image Correlation at Large Strain","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Necking; Scanning electron microscope; Materials science; Slip (aerodynamics); Shear (geology); Deformation (meteorology); Composite material; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03061782388684582,"gpt":0.2823963995839277,"spread":0.2517785756970819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002822348,0.0002271944,0.0003815671,0.0006882881,0.0001853727,0.0001863277,0.0007468864,0.00008092109,0.00001570062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008237587,0.0001805125,0.0003702919,0.0009767009,0.0000373191,0.000588254,0.00005047223,0.0003020345,0.000001574642],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002361619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005612746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002423285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003251216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982436,0.0001082194,0.0006429714,0.0001872319,0.0003392369,0.000478713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988419,0.0002015304,0.0003719515,0.0002717633,0.0002126379,0.0001001791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001914326,0.00003299081,0.0001025287,0.00001478671,0.0004054962,0.000001376173,0.0005873012,0.05923497,0.938016,0.0006645866,0.00005890319,0.0008619409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004454837,0.0003479251,0.001076956,0.0001421439,0.00049286,0.00002555763,0.00009997976,0.8627281,0.1337089,0.0003594754,0.0002801789,0.0002924826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04578209,0.0003266743,0.9532653,0.0002335712,0.00008063203,0.0002105071,0.0000160514,0.00006550002,0.00001967819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6063083,0.00001837778,0.3935101,0.0000412049,0.00008877425,0.000002442375,0.000003845335,0.00001236957,0.0000145718],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8043071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7361086,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029726154","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007591","title":"Experimental study of the influence of refraction on underwater three-dimensional reconstruction using the SVP camera model","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National University of Defense Technology; China Scholarship Council; Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate; University of Alberta","keywords":"Optics; Refraction; Underwater; Refractive index; Materials science; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06402443158637719,"gpt":0.2912669532714289,"spread":0.2272425216850517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002370249,0.00009443663,0.0001060033,0.00003358842,0.0001022259,0.00001849231,0.0003528644,0.00004264186,0.000002572539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007782607,0.00005353207,0.00003057463,0.0001287206,0.00009839046,0.0002332026,0.0001618039,0.0001411357,0.000001583952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005100195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002670266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000295399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991291,0.00002826627,0.0002311122,0.0001302864,0.000342443,0.000138768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993164,0.0000374615,0.000149568,0.0003976555,0.00007476697,0.00002413071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005467058,0.001127653,0.002262345,0.000007355447,0.00003904759,6.784032e-8,0.00185009,0.04608721,0.878103,0.0689696,0.00001339577,0.00148559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002550608,0.000356879,0.002478361,0.00004250262,0.00002378003,0.000004730248,0.0005268633,0.1514015,0.8420425,0.002734665,0.00000178087,0.0001313968],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804861,0.000006298988,0.01819085,0.00003571819,0.0001149827,0.0003148876,3.619813e-7,0.00002415704,0.0008266693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852943,4.640033e-7,0.01459906,0.00006349976,0.00002020619,0.00001370593,1.037915e-7,0.000005020345,0.000003610746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1053143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2182974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1560035638","doi":"10.1117/1.jbo.20.7.075006","title":"Deformation-induced speckle-pattern evolution and feasibility of correlational speckle tracking in optical coherence elastography","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Russian Foundation for Basic Research","keywords":"Speckle pattern; Optical coherence tomography; Digital image correlation; Optics; Speckle imaging; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Speckle noise; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Image processing; Tracking (education); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Electronic speckle pattern interferometry; Digital image processing; Physics; Image (mathematics); Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0748570862971974,"gpt":0.3143343154987955,"spread":0.2394772292015981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001533458,0.0001134486,0.0002849876,0.0003420635,0.00002297972,0.00005796586,0.000413035,0.0001283929,0.000008314129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005987426,0.00008971637,0.00007627742,0.0004717505,0.0002064715,0.0007692261,0.0001016142,0.0003740305,0.000002571634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000148721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002188086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008149403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004368927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978335,0.00007325607,0.0008584797,0.0001423402,0.0009016828,0.0001907186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985331,0.000135641,0.0003615792,0.0001565493,0.0005352381,0.0002778581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000437233,0.003850956,0.7001961,0.0002474206,0.000155391,0.0001103961,0.003990268,0.0001066134,0.05822411,0.09904967,0.0007816307,0.1328502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00480735,0.008071233,0.7264,0.001337148,0.0000769741,0.0005057983,0.0009203966,0.1695269,0.01547791,0.07207043,0.0001022374,0.0007036026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5721612,0.00005085785,0.4264823,0.0005013722,0.0002668192,0.00008769974,0.000001107687,0.00001288584,0.0004357457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.956851,0.0000098652,0.04302466,0.00002892885,0.0000786769,9.034609e-7,8.281782e-7,0.000003411722,0.000001703396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3846898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3658527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079761209","doi":"10.1007/s00138-007-0093-z","title":"Self-identifying patterns for plane-based camera calibration","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Vision and Applications","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Fiducial marker; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Calibration; Computer science; Camera resectioning; Camera auto-calibration; Set (abstract data type); Grid; Software; Computer graphics (images); Pattern recognition (psychology); Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02629139995921539,"gpt":0.3182447791303142,"spread":0.2919533791710989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002413992,0.00007954132,0.00007218029,0.00008422862,0.000158794,0.0001450512,0.0002142424,0.00003664518,0.000008934758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000813838,0.00006543622,0.00002805444,0.0001208902,0.00001283274,0.0001681388,0.00004324521,0.00005963505,0.000004164776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001457963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000107123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001568471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002221932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999363,0.00001011851,0.0001658698,0.0002173844,0.0001140051,0.0001296301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995416,0.0000851494,0.00004584443,0.0002104024,0.00004678338,0.00007023369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002935209,0.0005544768,0.01007686,0.0002083944,0.00002097447,0.000001205566,0.0002835759,0.000008279791,0.05111795,0.5335711,0.001367234,0.4027606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001323954,0.0007235799,0.01959038,0.0001138364,0.00003742263,0.000007300825,0.00005599286,0.6893925,0.1601121,0.01540317,0.11251,0.0007297623],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002594692,0.00003840437,0.9946309,0.0008766233,0.00002825828,0.0004577678,0.000008454796,0.0003088366,0.001056035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9228969,0.000009852322,0.07647062,0.0004012842,0.00004267697,0.0001172231,0.00002698892,0.00000528122,0.0000291827],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9203022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2668411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014463244","doi":"10.1109/tip.2011.2164421","title":"An Efficient Camera Calibration Technique Offering Robustness and Accuracy Over a Wide Range of Lens Distortion","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Camera lens; Camera resectioning; Camera auto-calibration; Computer science; Distortion (music); Calibration; Machine vision; Lens (geology); Image plane; Optics; Mathematics; Image (mathematics); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04023203737398708,"gpt":0.272323058028721,"spread":0.232091020654734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002203323,0.0001429291,0.0001502487,0.0001727706,0.000152115,0.000114394,0.0002399253,0.00006644588,0.00001659262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001191997,0.000131197,0.0000401158,0.000243245,0.0001017368,0.0017822,0.000003333577,0.0001660995,4.928409e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004616872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004306408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005355438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001087121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990098,0.00004911106,0.0002654582,0.0003000421,0.0002071116,0.0001685048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994152,0.00002997253,0.0001154317,0.0002482098,0.0001320746,0.00005910463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001585228,0.001162575,0.0004233801,0.0004059328,0.00002160207,0.000007546764,0.005071536,0.001306822,0.8105736,0.0003676884,0.000008722456,0.180492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000146365,0.0002311745,0.0007365845,0.0002247955,0.00001688287,0.000005641926,0.00003872659,0.2058583,0.7924647,0.0001072802,0.000001445853,0.000168037],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09875231,0.00002382938,0.9002859,0.00003233003,0.00006374698,0.0002485325,0.000001890459,0.0002554324,0.0003360443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9129553,0.00001269652,0.08690812,0.00002920525,0.000007624785,0.00007068602,3.185128e-7,0.0000113851,0.000004602953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.814203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5350056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123977633","doi":"10.1109/tpami.2008.202","title":"Calibration of Cameras with Radially Symmetric Distortion","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Catadioptric system; Distortion (music); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Calibration; Camera resectioning; Conic section; Pixel; Projection (relational algebra); Homography; Computer science; Mathematics; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Physics; Geometry; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03083529317310139,"gpt":0.2527808609770568,"spread":0.2219455678039554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001211836,0.0001341619,0.0002334986,0.0005556164,0.0001072643,0.0000336958,0.0002411306,0.00004033531,0.00004952677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003855328,0.0001012926,0.0001114652,0.001267187,0.00009105606,0.0002985056,0.000002271054,0.000131156,0.000002563542],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002552865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002172001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007810283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004370316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989551,0.00004938597,0.0002922786,0.000289727,0.0002886231,0.0001248641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993848,0.00005512844,0.0001012572,0.0002874807,0.00009713125,0.00007426868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005971483,0.0005820835,0.0111461,0.00003214609,0.0006594129,0.00001450453,0.0007596462,0.005765398,0.003318638,0.001228431,0.00001402213,0.9764199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009642763,0.000879425,0.00515477,0.00003377374,0.0002815939,0.00001536209,0.00001542721,0.1737065,0.8193748,0.00017259,0.00001094356,0.0002583486],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01614689,0.0000445372,0.9832447,0.0001339655,0.00004789379,0.00009184954,0.000006392193,0.00006923889,0.0002145545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968643,0.0002635951,0.002698325,0.00009113152,0.000006624677,0.00001279989,0.000001979596,0.000004999105,0.00005629705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9807174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4130594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026396026","doi":"10.1007/s11263-010-0349-3","title":"Plane-Based Calibration for Linear Cameras","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Computer Vision","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Planar; Calibration; Perpendicular; Orientation (vector space); Computer science; Object (grammar); Camera resectioning; Plane (geometry); Image sensor; Mathematics; Computer graphics (images); Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02173648753408229,"gpt":0.3191176219938546,"spread":0.2973811344597723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003450889,0.00009242249,0.00012558,0.0002125612,0.00003387366,0.0002235959,0.001101914,0.00006213097,0.00002226383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005879442,0.00007262516,0.0001190656,0.00005997795,0.0000261239,0.00071653,0.00007507811,0.0002137546,0.00000467923],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002544023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008554504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002405866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002316267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988494,0.00002480959,0.0003852972,0.0001292325,0.0005056087,0.0001056685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985291,0.0001429955,0.0002455098,0.0001449614,0.0008628945,0.00007451768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006030104,0.0008692294,0.001389788,0.00002653556,0.0001716032,0.00006602854,0.0002891928,0.00115019,0.3981122,0.1379448,0.02715365,0.4322238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001202906,0.001862693,0.001307736,0.0001546247,0.000008622133,0.00007691329,0.000001759796,0.7968627,0.1653243,0.008042381,0.02495197,0.0002034154],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03318716,0.000005914546,0.959613,0.003567836,0.003312686,0.00008578313,0.000002274978,0.00004725575,0.0001781157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6685203,0.000001792855,0.3301882,0.0005241617,0.0007481836,0.000001682781,0.000003063835,0.000004327858,0.00000822048],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7957125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2961568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W863036806","doi":"10.1007/s11340-015-0065-6","title":"CAD-based Displacement Measurements with Stereo-DIC","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Displacement (psychology); Displacement field; Kinematics; Context (archaeology); CAD; Process (computing); Automotive industry; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Basis (linear algebra); Engineering; Algorithm; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Geometry; Engineering drawing; Finite element method; Geology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1208700690994763,"gpt":0.3046297319544268,"spread":0.1837596628549504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004130595,0.0002383369,0.0001935685,0.0000896799,0.00007734713,0.0001713929,0.0007936453,0.00006172566,0.00003900401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001907029,0.0001945733,0.00004864198,0.0002210805,0.00002497171,0.0004697297,0.000197537,0.0001231888,0.00008950682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003263518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001272905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001807362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007464049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978845,0.00007440757,0.0002382672,0.0004360705,0.0009910624,0.0003757634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988949,0.00001104816,0.00008463953,0.000565476,0.0001525834,0.0002913683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008440421,0.004028,0.001278758,0.00005745286,0.0002217181,0.00007774718,0.003372387,0.0001353716,0.6200716,0.3521354,0.008837244,0.008940239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001216567,0.002656269,0.00001117551,0.00007761486,0.000008176751,0.000004971429,0.0002250266,0.01475501,0.9789365,0.0008748027,0.0008873404,0.0003465735],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03317203,0.0004009292,0.9479693,0.0005630543,0.0007961557,0.0008105627,0.000002709404,0.0007966554,0.01548862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9548351,7.611508e-7,0.04441351,0.0005182796,0.00003403931,0.0001132486,0.000003434918,0.00001849525,0.00006315074],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.921663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.793447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157405987","doi":"10.1109/cvpr.1993.341084","title":"Active calibration: alternative strategy and analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Calibration; Noise (video); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Image (mathematics); Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07170889210100308,"gpt":0.2766359611305012,"spread":0.2049270690294981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004593736,0.00005752832,0.00008291019,0.00008921752,0.00003329374,0.0001385818,0.0001958374,0.00002089188,0.0004202994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008665346,0.00004355986,0.00002855648,0.0003243593,0.00002663669,0.0006197611,0.00005566357,0.00004608266,0.00001063781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001022694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002450158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002134102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995143,0.00002217904,0.00008086004,0.0001750075,0.0001203968,0.00008725312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997231,0.0000220082,0.00002168662,0.000141049,0.00004543327,0.000046724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002567033,0.00007518749,0.001492741,0.000002094597,0.0002332352,0.000004291062,0.000592327,0.00002055554,0.0009086424,0.9138907,0.001014888,0.08176284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008476409,0.0002203425,0.002822446,0.000003264297,0.00003396717,0.000001103637,0.00003578935,0.9545482,0.0301877,0.01171804,0.0002041055,0.0001402198],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004496841,0.00002606615,0.7594188,0.0006661384,0.00001919988,0.00005340549,6.276489e-7,0.0001442511,0.2351747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905237,0.00002035731,0.008388266,0.0001453567,0.00001289084,0.000005261273,4.170998e-7,0.000001180866,0.0009025912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9860268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4601984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013303975","doi":"10.1016/s0166-3615(00)00087-7","title":"A multi-sensor approach to automating co-ordinate measuring machine-based reverse engineering","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers in Industry","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Reverse engineering; Coordinate-measuring machine; Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; CAD; Computer science; Computer vision; Engineering drawing; Object (grammar); Structured light; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07989917297549166,"gpt":0.2821283821100538,"spread":0.2022292091345622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000595713,0.0002569593,0.0002708237,0.0004013025,0.0000721765,0.0001994233,0.00109371,0.0002451313,0.000006028015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001438568,0.0002626564,0.00006903191,0.0006909487,0.00002459098,0.0003358475,0.0002454968,0.0008426042,0.0000202723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000207007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004587412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003583267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001226184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981859,0.00007062326,0.0003759643,0.0005248453,0.0003321053,0.0005106182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990577,0.00008216504,0.00006815763,0.0005226361,0.0000660397,0.0002033224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001325038,0.00444301,0.2839166,0.001012754,0.0002612501,0.001064879,0.006543216,0.2833449,0.1167806,0.01636747,0.01081281,0.2753201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004992387,0.00007629439,0.004619736,0.000415936,0.000002748339,0.00001912759,0.00002403541,0.9878123,0.005654652,0.00001837449,0.000485726,0.0003717754],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07124959,0.00001703615,0.9228511,0.0003639181,0.0003146541,0.0003266695,0.000001019132,0.0008167218,0.004059333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5552918,5.255515e-7,0.4442803,0.0003222633,0.00004174117,0.00002782419,9.979207e-7,0.00001245859,0.00002208824],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7044675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903602498","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.11.014","title":"Real-time 3D surface-shape measurement using background-modulated modified Fourier transform profilometry with geometry-constraint","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Profilometer; Structured-light 3D scanner; Projector; Computer science; Fourier transform; Point (geometry); Calibration; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Algorithm; Geometry; Mathematics; Surface finish; Physics; Materials science; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.034757414972583,"gpt":0.2422246422808086,"spread":0.2074672273082256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006271632,0.0002366675,0.000250359,0.000230322,0.00006639769,0.000170482,0.0002839579,0.000102237,0.0000194679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002648988,0.0002051611,0.0000313356,0.000587541,0.00008743418,0.0003705883,0.00006316278,0.0001893866,0.000003149793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001279159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000530711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003451521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007612216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998487,0.0000149654,0.0002812826,0.0003565932,0.0004328115,0.0004273728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993224,0.00002665994,0.00004446401,0.0002866306,0.000187732,0.000132093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002124984,0.0005171699,0.001754102,0.0005687122,0.0004281552,0.000102822,0.001426414,0.03999946,0.8819745,0.02981106,0.00004232415,0.0431628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003786873,0.0003648871,0.0004317041,0.000284281,0.00001349248,0.000009674179,0.00002462674,0.9727845,0.02530528,0.00007679934,0.00001875244,0.0003073552],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.682968,0.00002277619,0.3137838,0.00006129057,0.00008894542,0.0002460372,0.000001906955,0.0001720886,0.002655217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7276745,0.00002371088,0.2722336,0.00001014714,0.00002679025,0.000004824732,8.953982e-7,0.00001605079,0.000009504745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.932785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8366228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032978772","doi":"10.1109/cvpr.2014.74","title":"Two-View Camera Housing Parameters Calibration for Multi-layer Flat Refractive Interface","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Compute Canada","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Bundle adjustment; Computer science; Outlier; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Calibration; Reprojection error; Camera resectioning; Optics; Mathematics; Image (mathematics); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.112790300929388,"gpt":0.3494461339906955,"spread":0.2366558330613076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003903128,0.0001459532,0.0001763856,0.00006569456,0.00008228941,0.0002492936,0.0004321364,0.00005378185,0.00001505722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001560595,0.0001150794,0.0000690521,0.0001198131,0.00003608891,0.0009599227,0.0001084115,0.0001090916,0.00002152678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005606281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001903899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006410041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003527114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989373,0.00007851179,0.0002292658,0.0003518249,0.0001590637,0.0002440484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992487,0.0001346373,0.00007802774,0.0003350093,0.0001300134,0.00007356311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000932134,0.0002774479,0.0005570715,0.00009678571,0.00009731184,0.00000113661,0.001313991,0.0001742918,0.2828846,0.2657487,0.004054152,0.4447013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003027876,0.0003458856,0.00004118642,0.0000652222,0.00000793542,8.017238e-7,0.00002793784,0.5857726,0.4098418,0.002347259,0.001044234,0.0002023626],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01075016,0.00002306084,0.9838474,0.0007597397,0.0002209156,0.0003715038,5.390967e-7,0.0003781998,0.003648492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5971245,0.000003331598,0.4022434,0.000471736,0.00002036361,0.0000320201,6.853384e-7,0.000006788986,0.00009709207],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5863744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4692804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110282370","doi":"10.1109/tmi.2005.861021","title":"Unwrapping of MR phase images using a Markov random field model","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Markov random field; Maximum a posteriori estimation; Computer science; Algorithm; Markov process; Field (mathematics); Phase (matter); Random field; Artificial intelligence; Markov chain; Noise (video); Iterated function; Function (biology); Markov model; Image (mathematics); Mathematics; Image segmentation; Machine learning; Statistics; Physics; Maximum likelihood","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03529926903957019,"gpt":0.3270215188623421,"spread":0.2917222498227719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005010978,0.0001460843,0.0002250714,0.0001971619,0.0001074413,0.00005991983,0.0005403205,0.00006452894,0.0001759659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005373169,0.0001294106,0.0001312049,0.0002306926,0.0001031326,0.000619165,0.000005952991,0.000369729,0.000006386003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004655953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001014275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001994937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003036274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984136,0.00005721169,0.0003782898,0.000277199,0.0005993412,0.0002743124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991857,0.0001795249,0.00006318323,0.0003047522,0.00009630645,0.0001705444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009731964,0.0006416918,0.000007401917,0.000033893,0.00003627553,0.00001201084,0.000295326,0.001969907,0.1190435,0.000517106,0.0005424129,0.8768032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008743174,0.00004662554,3.196402e-7,0.0001654557,0.00001378199,0.000008975868,0.00001000252,0.6841286,0.3143396,0.0002732344,0.0000398348,0.00009921203],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004167319,0.0000589864,0.9894077,0.003402408,0.0001770867,0.0001272714,0.000001945867,0.0002090588,0.002448196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.885579,0.0000416536,0.1133818,0.0008971707,0.00004313959,0.00001113346,1.524884e-7,0.000008241508,0.0000376493],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8814117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5277213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050887420","doi":"10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000538","title":"Curvature Monitoring of Beams Using Digital Image Correlation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Strain gauge; Curvature; Beam (structure); Measure (data warehouse); Gauge (firearms); Structural engineering; Optics; Acoustics; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry; Engineering; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02236500204288081,"gpt":0.2410827968995967,"spread":0.2187177948567159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001377927,0.00007645035,0.0001407565,0.0001237931,0.0000132079,0.0001450605,0.0002876591,0.00003843364,0.000003368734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001142266,0.00006658633,0.00007136249,0.0001453376,0.00000922106,0.002079653,0.00004986912,0.0001983763,0.000002588303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004488691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003290905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.134401e-9,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992723,0.000004884792,0.0003076523,0.00006074551,0.0002369789,0.0001174702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993763,0.00003236034,0.0001640731,0.0001054319,0.0002639348,0.00005789035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009899034,0.0001311265,0.02797881,0.0001208919,0.0001212474,0.00002314965,0.0006169324,0.04737733,0.8852136,0.001319527,0.0004599645,0.03662756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002583846,0.0003038754,0.09508478,0.0008202147,0.00001816293,0.0001153621,0.00002289522,0.6678942,0.234802,0.000356015,0.00007617905,0.0002479869],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3437173,0.00006911543,0.6556631,0.00002942938,0.0003396757,0.00003145753,2.095345e-7,0.00002425195,0.000125432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9196305,0.000005584085,0.08020526,0.00000208591,0.0001454699,4.427507e-7,8.491222e-8,0.000005793633,0.000004732173],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6504116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2715311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883648108","doi":"10.1364/boe.9.003757","title":"Visualizing the 3D cytoarchitecture of the human cochlea in an intact temporal bone using synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical Optics Express","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; Canadian Light Source (Canada)","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Government of Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada; Canadian Light Source; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institutes of Health; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Nancy Sayles Day Foundation; University of Saskatchewan; Lauer Tinnitus Research Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Massachusetts Eye and Ear; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Cytoarchitecture; Cochlea; Temporal bone; Biomedical engineering; Pathology; Anatomy; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0388969683751185,"gpt":0.3540812657483561,"spread":0.3151842973732376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007248147,0.0001525848,0.0002050996,0.0001255345,0.0001836799,0.0001424408,0.001062063,0.00007995239,0.00001354546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001289806,0.00009029099,0.0000572623,0.0003703635,0.0006886601,0.0003279349,0.0002869772,0.0002695231,0.000001015886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007788985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000685558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009283533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001189106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982341,0.0002051232,0.000432108,0.000279727,0.0005408776,0.0003080507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990087,0.00007429768,0.0001787575,0.0005172538,0.0001210929,0.00009987305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001997803,0.0003351535,0.001479275,0.00001861912,0.000008506463,0.000004191076,0.001275075,0.000002766838,0.9721967,0.00522469,0.00006088366,0.01937419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002312341,0.001401756,0.003684985,0.0008190218,0.00003801317,0.00002163306,0.0003180438,0.6242367,0.3628986,0.002883135,0.0008770535,0.000508756],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7586167,0.00005750621,0.2398207,0.0005971225,0.0002666467,0.0003343167,0.000004824597,0.00007660944,0.0002255514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852613,0.00000206075,0.014299,0.0001833255,0.0002283448,0.00001014327,0.000003638267,0.00001013578,0.000002044906],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.624234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.368196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171501635","doi":"10.1109/isot.2010.5687390","title":"Saturation avoidance by adaptive fringe projection in phase-shifting 3D surface-shape measurement","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Saturation (graph theory); Structured-light 3D scanner; Observational error; Intensity (physics); Physics; Materials science; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05215263915251551,"gpt":0.2839662997687262,"spread":0.2318136606162107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001057063,0.0001585963,0.0001454866,0.00008076226,0.00008693087,0.0001805523,0.0004218327,0.00009698822,0.00004655727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001489769,0.0001369115,0.00003291617,0.0003240277,0.00003213789,0.00102642,0.00008198438,0.0004135122,0.00002601052],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001208685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005044825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001245553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003692359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983966,0.00006247212,0.0003098159,0.0004076285,0.0005373466,0.0002861546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993384,0.00002909772,0.00009239394,0.0002614077,0.0002186457,0.00006006603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002275823,0.0002987111,0.0009171135,0.000007949887,0.000006504181,9.261661e-7,0.0003642044,0.000002129994,0.9358957,0.01190282,0.0009789331,0.04960223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006919694,0.0007583706,0.001335024,0.00009541735,0.000004380482,0.000002171352,0.00005825227,0.3106346,0.6835236,0.001267713,0.001223096,0.0004053933],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4155154,0.00006440485,0.5443429,0.001044746,0.0006780436,0.0008477088,0.000001497484,0.0008249579,0.03668033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9327722,0.000005124514,0.0669837,0.0000977249,0.00003958123,0.00002923418,0.000001146501,0.000007038425,0.00006427666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5172567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.558309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969290153","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.197","title":"Orientation Maps Derived from TEM Diffraction Patterns Collected with an External CCD Camera","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Délégation Générale pour l'Armement; McMaster University","keywords":"Orientation (vector space); Diffraction; Optics; Resolution (logic); Image resolution; Microscope; Computer science; Materials science; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01975111132768632,"gpt":0.2608796024933709,"spread":0.2411284911656846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000391965,0.0001758706,0.0001758733,0.000159982,0.0003374671,0.001106498,0.0009939545,0.00004940089,0.0002487508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003353626,0.0001345212,0.00001906404,0.0004147734,0.0001687553,0.003510519,0.000159455,0.00007288456,0.00005703676],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001728974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001134015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004204751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000257044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979285,0.00006797504,0.0002875371,0.0005759926,0.0006667654,0.0004732043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989891,0.00002003303,0.0001567081,0.000460938,0.0002185801,0.0001546397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004589711,0.00008067519,0.002231574,0.000002222917,0.000002418707,0.000002100398,0.0002884619,0.000003851649,0.9901755,0.001636143,0.000047635,0.005483557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002820471,0.0006076112,0.04118226,0.00007149258,0.000005082296,0.000006563239,0.0001276763,0.001959149,0.9543498,0.001079002,0.0001068932,0.0002224701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8240609,0.000003965531,0.1741938,0.0005104453,0.0004070901,0.0002199206,0.0000162921,0.0002760639,0.00031158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9482816,0.000004726818,0.05119897,0.0002965981,0.0001132568,0.00004401358,0.0000126214,0.000008817919,0.00003935737],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1242208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990969176","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003253","title":"Multiple-step triangular-pattern phase shifting and the influence of number of steps and pitch on measurement accuracy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Neptec Design Group (Canada); University of Waterloo; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Phase (matter); Optics; Intensity (physics); Measure (data warehouse); Computer science; Algorithm; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03605856552518839,"gpt":0.299930764786063,"spread":0.2638721992608746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001859637,0.0001483236,0.0002606596,0.00005151239,0.00005867472,0.00004556218,0.0003910126,0.00006268947,0.000002273276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003665733,0.0001024524,0.00004170515,0.0001560883,0.000227081,0.0001283856,0.0001943611,0.0001595346,0.000002001905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000208224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002014396,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002989898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001062859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985245,0.00003337334,0.0004576511,0.0002408907,0.0005282504,0.0002152895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985842,0.0005467174,0.0002143101,0.0003891415,0.0001989502,0.00006666137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001032158,0.000829049,0.01293043,0.0003068189,0.0001906205,0.000006743107,0.004595613,0.00004238348,0.144939,0.5315501,0.0000506428,0.3035264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02815559,0.001787286,0.04935043,0.001096749,0.0002523779,0.0000206452,0.001259825,0.04560875,0.855617,0.01511038,0.0003924192,0.001348528],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8502747,0.00004071662,0.1458712,0.0001187131,0.00002990307,0.0004589579,0.000001323327,0.00005609392,0.003148402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762714,0.00002780494,0.02349919,0.0001596608,0.0000188232,0.00001306838,2.723096e-7,0.000007243623,0.000002553807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.710678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4177889,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092121985","doi":"10.1520/gtj11940","title":"Strain Measurement of Geogrids Using a Video-Extensometer Technique","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geotechnical Testing Journal","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Extensometer; Geotechnical engineering; Strain (injury); Geology; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1285350702673019,"gpt":0.3003089915054342,"spread":0.1717739212381322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003441643,0.0002523596,0.0003762726,0.00031651,0.0001997643,0.0002008319,0.001333218,0.000180012,0.00001558138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002129814,0.0002097977,0.0001962029,0.0007589769,0.0002049321,0.0005620287,0.0003378325,0.0008725674,0.000005266586],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003461655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003529322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002254664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.822e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969003,0.0001062753,0.0008651029,0.0003685018,0.001198494,0.0005613605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977437,0.00009423798,0.0003841566,0.0005307592,0.00101287,0.0002342416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001138349,0.0002788103,0.0002565427,0.00003140219,0.00003445698,0.00005648761,0.00003347657,0.001269361,0.9592752,0.01017895,0.00003932673,0.02853459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001795624,0.004341243,0.004671327,0.00453849,0.0001075008,0.004260182,0.00002898647,0.01392693,0.6576397,0.3068722,0.0004399722,0.001377744],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01181035,0.0001086967,0.9855342,0.0004905703,0.0001411736,0.0003011917,0.000001510733,0.0004266866,0.001185641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5824202,0.00000478794,0.4174084,0.00006949436,0.00007495014,0.00000995579,9.640483e-8,0.00001080304,0.000001256532],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5706099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165344528","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2011.2123884","title":"Multi-Camera Network Calibration with a Non-Planar Target","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Calibration; Computer vision; Planar; Camera auto-calibration; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Camera resectioning; Smart camera; Orientation (vector space); Image sensor; Computer graphics (images); Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05318257336675985,"gpt":0.2469525990986253,"spread":0.1937700257318654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003414666,0.0001450804,0.0001551127,0.00007842934,0.0001598216,0.0001853637,0.0004898308,0.00006068425,0.00008088828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001241818,0.0001016928,0.00005374617,0.0001922895,0.00004811531,0.0007269172,0.00001832931,0.0003369323,0.00003360803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003001772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005447801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001517895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007140291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998853,0.00007631986,0.0002431854,0.0001938186,0.0002926547,0.0003410402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992988,0.00001681775,0.000133318,0.0002280841,0.0001514284,0.0001715472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002115381,0.004520187,0.1469923,0.000159591,0.001709978,0.004731604,0.03820898,0.007255743,0.3559209,0.04721242,0.3488234,0.04234949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003270761,0.00613255,0.02232983,0.0008282309,0.00009159119,0.002322841,0.0002489287,0.558953,0.3835422,0.01600485,0.004158057,0.002117088],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04018208,0.0000245174,0.9540281,0.0002079954,0.0005142185,0.0001135322,4.89884e-7,0.000141522,0.004787577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6093514,0.00001213182,0.3900926,0.0002066043,0.0002089847,0.000002439883,2.204568e-7,0.00000819228,0.0001173589],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5691693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4146911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116321408","doi":"10.3390/rs3030539","title":"Temporal Stability of the Velodyne HDL-64E S2 Scanner for High Accuracy Scanning Applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Remote Sensing","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Scanner; Offset (computer science); Calibration; Remote sensing; Laser scanning; Residual; Lidar; Geodesy; Optics; Computer science; Physics; Geology; Mathematics; Laser; Algorithm; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08505965345426021,"gpt":0.2822682659244076,"spread":0.1972086124701474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004473142,0.0001089313,0.0001539945,0.00004336306,0.0001439785,0.00004144591,0.0005184687,0.00005361531,0.000004893584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001853279,0.00007863234,0.00008407615,0.0002613301,0.000108341,0.0002337917,0.0001800045,0.0001092473,0.000002568848],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000509946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007079002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003640866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003035849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989926,0.00005169818,0.0002803509,0.0002679814,0.0001927559,0.0002146464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987381,0.00009853347,0.0001556569,0.0006687436,0.0002914976,0.0000474568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003511589,0.00009860834,0.0007628726,0.0001099223,0.00003745777,9.512298e-7,0.001695539,0.000002168117,0.1539681,0.03106652,0.0002778913,0.8119449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001874603,0.0001229147,0.002599129,0.0001979317,0.00002029488,0.00000630062,0.00007542977,0.04874779,0.9002013,0.04703876,0.0005651289,0.0002375932],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.110163,0.00001964461,0.8842196,0.0004184224,0.0001390399,0.0005441838,0.000001828081,0.0001429264,0.004351388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7513115,0.000001256683,0.2485737,0.00005959667,0.00003290972,2.890812e-7,6.280993e-7,0.000006270381,0.00001382506],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8117073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3206533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1494425773","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-02611-9_68","title":"Structured Light Stereoscopic Imaging with Dynamic Pseudo-random Patterns","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Stereoscopy; Computer science; Structured light; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Robustness (evolution); Surface reconstruction; 3D reconstruction; Iterative reconstruction; Computer graphics (images); Surface (topology); Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01145344519082967,"gpt":0.2401733037145173,"spread":0.2287198585236876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000533951,0.0007946093,0.0007391783,0.0008848528,0.0002186533,0.001052646,0.003963622,0.0002478785,0.00004220094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003590841,0.0006006472,0.0001340545,0.000454237,0.0004048298,0.0009946268,0.0007191902,0.001042495,0.00002061375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000382837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003416072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001421921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001608214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953622,0.00004244557,0.0006007912,0.00178924,0.001311969,0.0008933948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973386,0.000146497,0.0003072742,0.001657415,0.0003242031,0.0002260238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002926662,0.00003911473,0.0005255701,0.0000549675,0.00001980062,0.0001687709,0.0004415878,0.0003391168,0.001774013,0.006491506,0.00001487795,0.9901014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002843525,0.002612577,0.003455397,0.006752552,0.00008317819,0.000467489,0.000001053185,0.5521385,0.02902273,0.39684,0.001337167,0.004445813],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003945762,0.000255168,0.989462,0.001538052,0.0007841946,0.0006115308,0.000004206549,0.0004561078,0.006494193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7226393,0.00004040475,0.2753425,0.001475558,0.0001906048,0.00001196276,0.000004977251,0.00004212361,0.0002526199],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9856556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011227430","doi":"10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000182","title":"Optimum Accuracy of Two-Dimensional Strain Measurements Using Digital Image Correlation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Strain gauge; Observational error; Subpixel rendering; Accuracy and precision; Strain (injury); Interpolation (computer graphics); Mathematics; Acoustics; Computer science; Structural engineering; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Engineering; Image (mathematics); Statistics; Physics; Pixel","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0704294740835249,"gpt":0.2808891085169919,"spread":0.210459634433467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000864113,0.0001285575,0.0002417199,0.0003090492,0.00002038442,0.00006661125,0.0004587365,0.0000411253,0.000009036553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002661033,0.0001206435,0.00008867655,0.0002591965,0.00001987948,0.001108406,0.0001215854,0.0002648335,9.264172e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009164125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006504643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004281016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.64152e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985224,0.00002491473,0.0006793491,0.000117917,0.000451691,0.0002037567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989989,0.0001147493,0.0003836843,0.0001394266,0.0002968688,0.00006630627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005057287,0.0005337627,0.02233977,0.0001290352,0.0001335507,0.00007241904,0.002075705,0.5613893,0.3975629,0.004820415,0.00003968385,0.01085294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005143594,0.0002186702,0.01328878,0.0009098997,0.00000935945,0.00006598634,0.00001471051,0.9635991,0.02058959,0.0006144287,0.000001958274,0.0001731474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3699936,0.00003064358,0.62867,0.000007022517,0.00025145,0.00004728983,3.980437e-7,0.00002925185,0.0009703453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7992176,5.055026e-7,0.2007317,0.00000524738,0.00003678104,1.394902e-7,1.695117e-7,0.00000720217,6.166708e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.429224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4919699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969559750","doi":"10.1364/oe.27.025265","title":"Real-time motion-induced-error compensation in 3D surface-shape measurement","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Structured-light 3D scanner; Optics; Profilometer; Phase (matter); Motion compensation; Observational error; Projection (relational algebra); Motion (physics); Computer vision; Compensation (psychology); Motion estimation; Computer science; Surface (topology); Artificial intelligence; Physics; Mathematics; Algorithm; Geometry; Scanner","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06257618037465454,"gpt":0.2753245515700309,"spread":0.2127483711953764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000819013,0.0001911141,0.0002454436,0.0001060269,0.00004415525,0.0001772344,0.0007837266,0.0001095858,0.0001531511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005990396,0.0001834109,0.00005216684,0.0002348115,0.0000217755,0.0006115132,0.0002012191,0.0001846918,0.0004829734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001854654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005279243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005067411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006465124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979831,0.00009974075,0.0003623909,0.0004411403,0.0007654825,0.0003481652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987799,0.00004998047,0.0001027383,0.0006656054,0.0003121815,0.00008958622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001317521,0.0002051351,0.002131397,0.00002913765,0.00001175885,0.000003486108,0.0003585386,0.0003288229,0.9753315,0.01854792,0.0001606729,0.002878435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008200775,0.0005079098,0.008658299,0.0003697696,0.00001047876,0.000002740022,0.00005066091,0.7530515,0.2335316,0.00209426,0.0002446221,0.0006580309],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9036182,0.00001544605,0.02826918,0.0004158854,0.0004396223,0.000716037,0.000001746983,0.0003936565,0.06613024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.937405,0.00001165462,0.06232214,0.00004349207,0.00002648759,0.0000158116,0.000002794373,0.00001351943,0.0001591349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7527227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7479279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129917377","doi":"10.1109/icip.2004.1421735","title":"Camera response function recovery from different illuminations of identical subject matter","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Subject matter; Superposition principle; Uniqueness; Computer science; Ambiguity; Function (biology); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Fractal; Subject (documents); Algorithm; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02095794416344033,"gpt":0.2518384164105381,"spread":0.2308804722470977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002493245,0.00009777927,0.0001332739,0.0001160256,0.00003411338,0.00006306604,0.0003415068,0.00005417814,0.001200736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007584667,0.00007578512,0.00007490832,0.0001086877,0.00007639758,0.0005215906,0.000108023,0.0000895401,0.0002605178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005699289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001769311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000404827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003128055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989787,0.00010513,0.0002842151,0.0002245276,0.0002618556,0.0001455776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992676,0.0001843747,0.00005285836,0.0003495435,0.0000927614,0.00005281778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001235499,0.001407015,0.01927788,0.00002199133,0.0001735214,0.000003866355,0.001259996,0.000008285655,0.7518528,0.09596398,0.04049705,0.0882982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000460101,0.0010722,0.4248917,0.00008963484,0.00004143296,0.000002611027,0.0001131173,0.007242571,0.5466542,0.01666209,0.002360058,0.0004103285],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5474985,0.00001427209,0.4428614,0.002274636,0.0001333892,0.00007730332,0.000002006028,0.0001134593,0.00702499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844968,0.000004835969,0.01394604,0.0004735585,0.00004474753,0.00001220821,0.000002002756,0.000004539861,0.001015259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4369983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108307345","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-58568-6_21","title":"3D Human Shape Reconstruction from a Polarization Image","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Simon Fraser University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Computer vision; Polarization (electrochemistry); Body shape; Human body; Pattern recognition (psychology)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02995435893835321,"gpt":0.2538603650959178,"spread":0.2239060061575645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003655166,0.0004328876,0.0004350052,0.0004683632,0.0002175473,0.0008087819,0.002453302,0.0003109429,0.000133985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001029083,0.0004103004,0.0001052249,0.0004317987,0.0005289509,0.001171716,0.0008808371,0.000810276,0.00008226893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002450014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002097432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003892598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003074123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968423,0.00003468326,0.0005159541,0.001409016,0.0008056437,0.0003924201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983379,0.0001174167,0.0002563016,0.0008453754,0.0002772626,0.0001658067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005363585,0.00002280427,0.0001245899,0.00001927464,0.00001352133,0.00002870699,0.0002656762,0.00004290118,0.0351093,0.04594405,0.00002446625,0.9183993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002449845,0.0004939186,0.0003021757,0.0007501713,0.00001708587,0.00002420092,1.746906e-7,0.4676527,0.02813419,0.5010576,0.0003540134,0.0009688464],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001741263,0.00007798976,0.9812868,0.0009266831,0.0009381691,0.0003107402,0.00000645782,0.0004463049,0.01583273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2653684,0.00001361038,0.7327706,0.0011682,0.0005627731,0.000007725962,0.00001550852,0.00003003785,0.00006322707],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9174305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528330729","doi":"10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2615328","title":"All-In-Focus Synthetic Aperture Imaging Using Image Matting","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; University of Alberta","keywords":"Focus (optics); Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Synthetic aperture radar; Image (mathematics); Medical imaging; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04723630238575034,"gpt":0.2843765251765742,"spread":0.2371402227908239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003651809,0.0001932613,0.0002858592,0.0005547032,0.000140351,0.0001176007,0.0004282738,0.0001465928,0.000004732149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004081322,0.0001389436,0.00006724048,0.0002797485,0.0001234228,0.0004303533,0.000005619127,0.0001718091,0.000008805508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001190779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002770293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004454467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001168135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985335,0.00004138131,0.0003633611,0.0004937323,0.0001484719,0.0004195846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991012,0.0002327182,0.00008748761,0.0004157379,0.0001028646,0.00005994163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008624328,0.0001173375,0.0002079744,0.0001064763,0.00004247071,0.00001986712,0.0001120653,0.00001082665,0.7416148,0.03021442,0.00005159546,0.2274936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00327138,0.00113681,0.0001133555,0.004838435,0.0001224814,0.001064035,0.0005775228,0.1747311,0.7746243,0.03084661,0.006720888,0.00195311],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00915336,0.0002641391,0.9862345,0.002657358,0.0003696848,0.0004747718,0.00001013071,0.0005132972,0.0003227356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971984,0.00003762667,0.002453795,0.00009347608,0.00001634986,0.0001463668,6.795946e-8,0.00001862622,0.00003528062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.988045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5665956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032644000","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2006.02.013","title":"Evaluating shape after-effects with radial frequency patterns","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vision Research","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Eye Institute","keywords":"Physics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1128816674754065,"gpt":0.4334128991957094,"spread":0.3205312317203028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001817593,0.0001218569,0.0001281485,0.0002652392,0.0001603311,0.0004055524,0.0008158187,0.00006576801,0.000181319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001444891,0.00008599913,0.00003718703,0.0005513366,0.00008848533,0.0004687948,0.0002857421,0.0003718488,0.0001415206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008049278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008853865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002345441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004316049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969761,0.0003459452,0.0001898025,0.0004575064,0.001503896,0.0005267285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986637,0.000282874,0.00002907116,0.0005176249,0.0004029109,0.000103792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001900664,0.0008072864,0.06766557,0.000227283,0.00002441551,0.0003329543,0.0003520239,0.000008018462,0.2590167,0.07890658,0.003820861,0.5886483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002384101,0.0225396,0.4905885,0.002303653,0.00001532187,0.00002823728,0.00004636335,0.1579739,0.2461456,0.07578983,0.0009147145,0.001270131],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9150856,0.0001366408,0.06631877,0.0008876747,0.0001042861,0.0006128347,0.000001207527,0.0002907041,0.01656224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9693931,0.000005589555,0.03015211,0.00004825228,0.000115072,0.000133203,0.000001320726,0.00001048249,0.0001408928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5873781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3910751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083340588","doi":"10.1080/10867651.2004.10487597","title":"Fast Ray-Axis Aligned Bounding Box Overlap Tests with Plucker Coordinates","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Graphics Tools","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Minimum bounding box; Silhouette; Intersection (aeronautics); Vectorization (mathematics); Projection (relational algebra); Computer science; Algorithm; Division (mathematics); Bounding overwatch; Product (mathematics); Plane (geometry); Computer vision; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Geometry; Arithmetic; Image (mathematics); Parallel computing; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0296229117680516,"gpt":0.2641946438929882,"spread":0.2345717321249366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007602396,0.0001970289,0.0003245501,0.0003383589,0.0001376414,0.0006012323,0.0009128677,0.00009098497,0.000009695624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000182313,0.0001377163,0.0001580941,0.0006221422,0.0001328518,0.001808698,0.00009020188,0.0003068861,0.000006326602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009701422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001629264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009971196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009965724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982238,0.00004319376,0.0004826465,0.0002029249,0.0007157664,0.0003316553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984644,0.000110008,0.0003737186,0.000307821,0.0005671903,0.0001768783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003183346,0.0009883676,0.03488455,0.0001000445,0.0004702852,0.0005470634,0.001849672,0.0001862779,0.08762089,0.8548449,0.002567012,0.01562261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009056058,0.02275384,0.09245338,0.005566543,0.0003011713,0.001754944,0.0007254873,0.0009472181,0.434392,0.4220978,0.00713786,0.002813674],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4906702,0.0003183419,0.4994854,0.004003612,0.0005146236,0.0002619298,0.000002461079,0.0001793253,0.004564134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9532719,0.00006797438,0.04619209,0.0003369901,0.00008968959,0.000003395602,3.360817e-7,0.00001202257,0.0000255976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4626017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5797697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069732864","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.001","title":"Narrow-band radial frequency shape channels revealed by sub-threshold summation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vision Research","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Australian Research Council; University of Western Australia","keywords":"Radio frequency; Amplitude; Channel (broadcasting); Physics; Optics; Detection threshold; Modulation (music); Computer science; Acoustics; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08444032243487969,"gpt":0.3802398769911546,"spread":0.2957995545562749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002369097,0.0001435687,0.0001735593,0.000342628,0.0002560481,0.0005115794,0.001215323,0.0001392511,0.0001576107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002527553,0.0001206021,0.00006029904,0.0008287051,0.00009318866,0.0008419381,0.0001062714,0.0004683487,0.0002227049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001001265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006904227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001880689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002421263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970781,0.0002253909,0.0003084406,0.000502531,0.001298551,0.0005869993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986066,0.0001096624,0.00004325984,0.0005695827,0.0004601552,0.0002107337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003578572,0.0002224292,0.0003573571,0.00001441769,0.000004328155,0.00001279414,0.0002097113,0.000001067702,0.7715418,0.03286377,0.1364074,0.05832911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009396075,0.00563383,0.004742503,0.0003454338,0.000003764873,0.000007378439,0.00002704339,0.02985463,0.8338476,0.1190418,0.004918473,0.0006378622],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8777751,0.001279953,0.01811111,0.02332883,0.0005442843,0.00151384,0.000006680267,0.0008979825,0.07654227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973918,0.00008902037,0.001757271,0.0002077689,0.000114992,0.00002554597,0.000006514946,0.000007659382,0.0003994124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1314889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4933172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}