{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":440,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":440,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"2b59e87a6c2d","filters":{"topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History"}},"results":[{"id":"W1555334143","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521791782","title":"The Cambridge Companion to Logical Empiricism","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Empiricism; Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Formative assessment; Philosophy; Mathematics; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05418022181982714,"gpt":0.2218330572905317,"spread":0.1676528354707046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000337669,0.0004267938,0.0004380254,0.0002829274,0.001991494,0.0002495387,0.00128227,0.0001924141,0.00001369841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000121637,0.0003605313,0.0002967831,0.00001497717,0.00170231,0.0001188739,0.0004319829,0.0006583738,0.0002180993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000683771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003073314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004162534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001406671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978561,0.00008687466,0.0002796614,0.000614327,0.0005771787,0.0005858589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982905,0.0001982205,0.0002094751,0.0006855528,0.000265461,0.0003508321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004235739,0.00001190031,4.048165e-7,0.00001556237,0.00002553394,0.00008458624,0.0006847592,5.521076e-7,0.000002804913,0.5472766,0.451398,0.0004569619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002492746,0.00008983186,0.00003237552,0.0000684017,0.00009190857,0.000007387495,0.0003286858,0.00001047259,0.000008111048,0.00003701563,0.9985873,0.0004892197],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000285338,0.0002901037,0.00006198791,0.00009619165,0.002016654,0.0005015564,0.0003134265,0.0001949068,0.9962398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004465531,0.00003554776,0.00001039718,0.0006968389,0.00171583,0.00000160138,0.00004912237,0.00003831842,0.9929868],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5472395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1804524582","doi":"10.1075/aicr.72","title":"The Reflexive Nature of Consciousness","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Advances in consciousness research","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Consciousness; Reflexivity; Qualia; Character (mathematics); Epistemology; Direct and indirect realism; Subject (documents); Extant taxon; Dimension (graph theory); Phenomenology (philosophy); Psychology; Perception; Philosophy; Sociology; Social science; Mathematics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05783109558933301,"gpt":0.3577135097492581,"spread":0.2998824141599251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001847684,0.0003928623,0.0007304981,0.0008518224,0.002057748,0.0001553244,0.002117372,0.0003690094,0.0002565222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004410197,0.0002840688,0.0001982081,0.0002397549,0.01832251,0.0005039378,0.0003586172,0.003162435,0.0001576544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005597223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002388934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001507612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02260164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953524,0.0003880302,0.00073925,0.0006628852,0.001933711,0.0009237534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941456,0.002883006,0.0003451286,0.001037725,0.001450336,0.000138211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001223942,0.000067035,0.00003233206,0.0002246905,0.00002815608,0.00009014935,0.0107391,0.000006544447,0.000003915275,0.9308817,0.04923678,0.008567205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002591514,0.00009459407,0.000004993182,0.0003332841,0.000006965292,0.000008462196,0.001743488,0.00000550477,0.00001342037,0.1667692,0.8304797,0.0002812703],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001961183,0.09770679,9.441763e-7,0.0004517055,0.002663432,0.0006002848,0.0001583798,0.00004450421,0.8981779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09128409,0.03984734,0.00001436381,0.0001382814,0.001755814,0.0001635253,0.00003950211,0.00007979105,0.8666773],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7812429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W627012922","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4519-6","title":"The Selected Works of Arne Naess","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0232547384500027,"gpt":0.1992849241091235,"spread":0.1760301856591208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001274203,0.0001538161,0.0002148421,0.0000858418,0.0004865913,0.0001051017,0.0004167153,0.00007451947,0.003066113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001024769,0.00009410756,0.00009907883,0.00002155983,0.0009795581,0.00009261813,0.00003267682,0.0002650157,0.0001940753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009115417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003495255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005025396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004188278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991304,0.0000160162,0.0002357637,0.0001717241,0.000264844,0.0001812499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992381,0.00008766117,0.0001527438,0.0002735266,0.0002067877,0.00004121115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004710636,0.00001192677,1.103749e-7,0.000009082793,0.00001776837,5.457009e-7,0.002658469,3.685003e-7,7.64912e-7,0.6459478,0.3464396,0.004908907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006235004,0.00002782645,0.00000282018,0.00005442217,0.00002088456,4.964558e-7,0.0001273376,0.000007126099,0.000002202564,0.01610707,0.9834518,0.0001356253],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000135506,0.003189499,0.000002014883,0.0002567014,0.0008306784,0.00009939771,0.00001420996,0.00005664977,0.9955373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005442039,0.0002845623,0.000009340548,0.0002268849,0.002350006,0.000005748871,0.0000165451,0.00001786305,0.991647],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6370123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2506727038","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521631785.014","title":"From Knowledge by Acquaintance to Knowledge by Causation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Externalism; Causation; Epistemology; Naturalisation; Internalism and externalism; Empiricism; Notice; Ignorance; Philosophy; Philosophy of mind; Psychology; Metaphysics; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03047969672724439,"gpt":0.2005766562006887,"spread":0.1700969594734443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001052331,0.0004704126,0.0004616025,0.0002248237,0.0007107774,0.0001277361,0.0006769511,0.000216868,0.0001517344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007751921,0.0005626215,0.000192521,0.000008211579,0.000688712,0.0001985553,0.0001765642,0.0003809536,0.0003950032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006271385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001372938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007298298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002645523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983241,0.00005937884,0.0002407201,0.0007712247,0.0002478531,0.0003567037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985998,0.00007363885,0.0001949731,0.0005496747,0.0002674558,0.0003144389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001847402,0.00002072667,8.853738e-8,0.00001866929,0.00003602841,0.00000878917,0.003434105,7.18589e-8,0.00007360502,0.4818729,0.5140676,0.0004489927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003537312,0.00005949371,4.463282e-7,0.0001260879,0.0001274217,7.937616e-7,0.0002529289,0.000007375069,0.0001518507,0.0001397718,0.9981186,0.0006614939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001520708,0.00207836,0.00009775994,0.00005177347,0.001581563,0.0003904086,0.002872149,0.0001450355,0.9926309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003231345,0.00007144825,0.0000149233,0.0003061607,0.0007962652,0.000002387802,0.0002569173,0.00005741318,0.9952632],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.484051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W570362212","doi":"","title":"2.2 Intuition surpasses Logic(2. Retirement)","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian parliamentary review","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intuition; Economics; Psychology; Cognitive science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04769803309999513,"gpt":0.2351072640320869,"spread":0.1874092309320917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000206043,0.0001513258,0.0002271933,0.0001201289,0.0004284182,0.00008493663,0.0002185316,0.00001779508,0.01384316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008317546,0.0001380539,0.00009623292,0.00006443404,0.0002756845,0.0002655704,0.00001139143,0.00008997086,0.0007498464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004652885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002372088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2574336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7756133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989069,0.0000511388,0.0002865045,0.000247506,0.0001772751,0.0003306569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993871,0.00001320941,0.00007984887,0.00024365,0.00006125545,0.0002149179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.373543e-7,0.00002153661,0.0001570784,0.0003357651,0.000008200575,0.00002498715,0.000230483,2.665608e-7,0.000004454388,0.21115,0.7821851,0.005881247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006597766,0.0000300733,0.0001222998,0.0005662219,0.00003908639,0.000002903418,0.000107025,0.000001374128,0.000002934004,0.007343104,0.9915299,0.000189091],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001201154,0.1184494,0.000003165901,0.007117172,0.001172688,0.0004891058,0.0001884124,0.00006787085,0.871311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8926526,0.02056132,0.00008568725,0.0692113,0.00276551,0.0001484544,0.0006591997,0.00004385626,0.01387209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8914514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9870583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2498592373","doi":"10.1017/ccol9780521513340.004","title":"Existentialism as a cultural movement","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Existentialism; Quarter (Canadian coin); German; World War II; History; Political science; Law; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05006030254501317,"gpt":0.2015485799933961,"spread":0.151488277448383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000730172,0.0003446226,0.0003217489,0.0001659599,0.0006729392,0.0001262467,0.0005199095,0.0001290594,0.0002517659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002115727,0.0003542316,0.0002955817,0.000001960751,0.0009940498,0.0002544011,0.0002442159,0.0003184148,0.0002562117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002793552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007980322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009107913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004166902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987226,0.0000204519,0.0001676565,0.0003889582,0.0003690382,0.0003313164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989861,0.00001438418,0.0001988089,0.0003994992,0.0001791846,0.0002220254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002284692,0.00001286596,8.426179e-8,0.00003209205,0.00007768526,0.00006455787,0.003219853,7.68452e-8,0.00001552985,0.9158768,0.08018817,0.0004894438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000281737,0.00004179926,0.00000102207,0.00006920096,0.00020656,0.000004127211,0.000393374,0.000001714666,0.0000226037,0.0002523941,0.9983031,0.0004223851],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001191746,0.0006453778,0.000002642059,0.00002846639,0.00150711,0.0002584763,0.0002940617,0.0001327135,0.997012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005408543,0.00009453807,0.00000750252,0.0003906321,0.001479123,9.293491e-7,0.00005804377,0.00003190711,0.9925288],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9181149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W573740309","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139342605","title":"Logicism and its Philosophical Legacy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy of mathematics; Articulation (sociology); Principal (computer security); Interpretation (philosophy); Philosophy; Subject (documents); Mathematical practice; Realism; Computer science; Linguistics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04748905986996182,"gpt":0.1936632618177735,"spread":0.1461742019478117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008158276,0.0003704173,0.0004311274,0.0002452042,0.0007214518,0.000234087,0.0005728838,0.0002159028,0.0000746757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009079517,0.000383468,0.0001606121,0.000004673672,0.001218558,0.0004180859,0.0003265117,0.000556192,0.0001472915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002199859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001450473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009729642,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985582,0.00005226152,0.0001761437,0.0005730509,0.0003081145,0.0003322821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989614,0.00005871207,0.000173903,0.0003486368,0.0002016581,0.0002557205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001500547,0.00001293046,5.381439e-8,0.00007129134,0.0000348885,0.00009197321,0.0007839118,8.34485e-8,0.000005524889,0.8090782,0.1897259,0.0001802435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003289876,0.00006580679,0.000002409743,0.00008161239,0.0001215844,0.000009473085,0.0001017083,0.00003033159,0.000005835993,0.0009328612,0.9978518,0.0004675218],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003105229,0.0007842139,0.000002632686,0.0001622258,0.0007693903,0.0003518433,0.0002100832,0.0001555922,0.9972535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0134419,0.00009155279,0.000005227633,0.0003412619,0.00156527,0.00000158566,0.0000361273,0.00003225342,0.9844848],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8081453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248621509","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521631785.011","title":"Russell’s Neutral Monism","year":2003,"lang":"ru","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Monism; Doctrine; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03676069755018192,"gpt":0.1870397471474666,"spread":0.1502790495972847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000178283,0.0008364338,0.0007837142,0.0004600267,0.002160365,0.0003039312,0.001126033,0.0004130659,0.0001544097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005067638,0.0009980954,0.0006481922,0.000008900154,0.002799265,0.0003424974,0.0002852123,0.000987687,0.0002687561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004574234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000231162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001092683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005013104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971743,0.00009627453,0.0003968281,0.001076,0.0004792106,0.0007774353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978014,0.00006662273,0.0004133499,0.0009352765,0.0002761907,0.0005071745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006353431,0.00004356046,8.989466e-7,0.0001157244,0.0001534116,0.0004546894,0.001794981,0.000002629133,0.00002604165,0.9461876,0.05087815,0.0002788093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000738942,0.0001435093,0.000006943927,0.000199672,0.000464516,0.00001580041,0.0004763602,0.00001979616,0.00009228798,0.0001904229,0.9965249,0.001126825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008212476,0.0008880394,0.00001844086,0.0000761734,0.002787063,0.0005023466,0.0008278255,0.0001752594,0.9939036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02324388,0.0004285166,0.00002316067,0.0005626276,0.0008467817,0.000001029252,0.0000463448,0.00008638914,0.9747612],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9459972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W94199308","doi":"10.1023/a:1022132704044","title":"Conceiving, Experiencing, and Conceiving Experiencing: Neo-Kantianism and the History of the Concept of Experience","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Topoi","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Empiricism; Philosophy; Epistemology of Wikipedia; Formal epistemology; Social epistemology; Philosophy of science; Focus (optics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0268732702616503,"gpt":0.2110631809328237,"spread":0.1841899106711734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003079002,0.0001661242,0.0003095806,0.00004452041,0.0004278695,0.0000365998,0.0003351069,0.00003588144,0.0007697596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001614921,0.0001025149,0.00008105703,0.00004162731,0.008890552,0.0002627932,0.00008529284,0.0001284294,0.000001241849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000805114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001702507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000626068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000176426,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987144,0.0001419926,0.0003481621,0.0002743774,0.0002948814,0.0002262052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990231,0.0001617006,0.0002752958,0.0003805083,0.00009229354,0.00006705534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007254855,0.00001208555,0.0001660057,0.00001033338,0.000005060137,6.945873e-7,0.6063625,6.424809e-7,0.00109827,0.3914309,0.0007667029,0.0001395247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00142097,0.0001146622,0.0004557163,0.0001141997,0.00003642068,0.0000232496,0.2478823,0.00008872885,0.008251741,0.00346455,0.7377779,0.0003695981],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8104529,0.009783395,0.00001839085,0.0001031347,0.001798139,0.0002228097,0.000004502303,0.00002332599,0.1775934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917821,0.00004334243,0.0000298819,0.0004451752,0.0001106638,0.00002620335,1.985323e-7,0.00001107707,0.007551315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7370112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9938067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086806779","doi":"10.1007/s10516-011-9159-7","title":"Phenomenology and Phenomenalism: Ernst Mach and the Genesis of Husserl’s phenomenology","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Axiomathes","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Phenomenology (philosophy); Philosophy; Psychologism; Mach number; Criticism; Positivism; Philosophy of language; Metaphysics; Physics; Literature","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05494112489277617,"gpt":0.2010313219737381,"spread":0.1460901970809619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002692067,0.0001464467,0.0003023394,0.0001332797,0.0003558115,0.00003087917,0.00025898,0.00003467556,0.0005642514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001367251,0.00009545108,0.00004195128,0.00003624909,0.00364996,0.0001431435,0.0001038812,0.00006355543,0.00002286775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001297895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002179395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001135699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000338352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991216,0.00007146147,0.0002373816,0.0002419649,0.00009771134,0.000229891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994211,0.00009958223,0.0001337576,0.0002438641,0.00004838535,0.0000533434],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005579622,0.00004582611,0.0001859172,0.00002267985,0.00004591927,0.000001992891,0.1834276,3.622138e-8,0.0001384031,0.813638,0.00008059925,0.002357229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00315621,0.0006269656,0.006703354,0.00002987449,0.0002634234,0.00006648695,0.06360763,0.00009378754,0.0001896328,0.7864845,0.1380944,0.0006837605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7187391,0.005235376,0.000007717847,0.0004790252,0.0002444733,0.0001342735,0.00001592125,0.00003770277,0.2751064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978561,0.0003343894,0.0000903333,0.0003219253,0.0001926786,0.00002506756,0.00000136972,0.00001392938,0.001164192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.279117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246721846","doi":"10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0142","title":"Positivism","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Positivism; Medicine; Psychology; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03803535480280398,"gpt":0.2197877135662394,"spread":0.1817523587634354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005566215,0.0001614942,0.0001766984,0.0001389143,0.0003051362,0.0002204312,0.0003607868,0.00005288726,0.04409929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005132867,0.000121554,0.00007712262,0.00001104212,0.000408127,0.0001762534,0.00005312462,0.0001809394,0.0156483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003557885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005380025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003901196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002404156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992442,0.00001533259,0.0001336462,0.0002209616,0.0002029997,0.0001829359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994569,0.00001979478,0.00006151618,0.000333369,0.0000561087,0.0000722681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[5.336772e-7,0.00002694834,1.516426e-8,0.00001691395,0.000007954294,0.000004079321,0.0004111193,1.002165e-8,3.16385e-7,0.05660569,0.9428267,0.00009968966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003902929,0.00002767816,8.082442e-7,0.00001338094,0.00001825429,0.000001253547,0.00006985593,6.024493e-7,3.642737e-7,0.002344939,0.997284,0.0001998281],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001332734,0.00009703344,1.513828e-7,0.0001318107,0.00136924,0.00005713058,0.6123647,0.00003042664,0.3859482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006115578,0.00003396067,0.000004488113,0.001784467,0.002261142,0.00001585194,0.8734041,0.000007568394,0.1224272],"genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","teacher_disagreement_score":0.263521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9851182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2499853026","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521791782.014","title":"Vienna, the City of Quine’s Dreams","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Quine; Reputation; Philosophy; Object (grammar); Art history; Epistemology; History; Sociology; Linguistics; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0594993965696235,"gpt":0.2021171491131105,"spread":0.142617752543487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002005042,0.0002676017,0.0003399278,0.0002013552,0.00061862,0.00004058908,0.0007777305,0.0001250169,0.00009082509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004889751,0.0002296873,0.0002769361,0.00000418104,0.002292871,0.0001009755,0.0002128611,0.0003835577,0.00002449738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000134253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001074643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001050705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002006186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988474,0.00002174646,0.0002059895,0.0003287064,0.0003556144,0.0002406025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987633,0.00006820198,0.0002826166,0.0005467676,0.0002334036,0.0001057662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004001931,0.00001146455,7.867627e-7,0.00003895093,0.00005475272,0.00003662339,0.002279665,1.14394e-7,0.000009297868,0.9765596,0.02036892,0.000599816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000191054,0.00005044287,0.000007114927,0.00007237736,0.0001316617,0.000002918111,0.0002374389,0.000002586608,0.00004324345,0.0001715939,0.998825,0.0002645916],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002434855,0.0002779045,0.00002307102,0.00002392025,0.0007423884,0.0002323917,0.0003136434,0.00006279102,0.9980804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0253829,0.00004330825,0.000006039391,0.0001514953,0.0005892835,2.676271e-7,0.0000149875,0.00002221322,0.9737895],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9784561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9366378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1559823779","doi":"10.15173/jhap.v3i3.39","title":"American Pragmatism and the Vienna Circle: The Early Years","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Pragmatism; Empiricism; Period (music); Relation (database); Epistemology; Convergence (economics); Philosophy; Aesthetics; Computer science; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06133331727388237,"gpt":0.2535452302900222,"spread":0.1922119130161399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001564724,0.0001361512,0.0003149102,0.0001051555,0.0006786188,0.00009241447,0.0006456701,0.0000218621,0.00006394079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002087856,0.00006659162,0.0002737733,0.00006303914,0.007805247,0.0002177221,0.00005587823,0.0003880952,0.00002302745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002374919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001919906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002341251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006496214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985791,0.0001411505,0.0003822554,0.0001560542,0.0005154732,0.0002259457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983953,0.0005042117,0.0003646172,0.0003343787,0.000229905,0.0001715876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002884481,0.00005457919,0.00001087429,0.0000109589,0.0001203644,0.000003826951,0.03923506,0.000008181932,0.000002035486,0.8590407,0.09813508,0.003089837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008697221,0.0002284475,0.0003057369,0.00001569321,0.000177091,0.00002301883,0.0009644791,0.0005808587,1.026496e-7,0.2370514,0.7596807,0.0001026507],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06526577,0.03778316,0.000507668,0.1769396,0.02269687,0.001770915,0.00009105738,0.000109732,0.6948352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878374,0.00008693272,0.00002361019,0.00212148,0.001959625,0.00001150165,4.644415e-7,0.00001817285,0.007940833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9225716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9948949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W174961187","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-5485-0","title":"The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universität Paderborn; Fritz Thyssen Stiftung; McMaster University; University of Pittsburgh","keywords":"Empiricism; Group (periodic table); Epistemology; Philosophy; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1098564235689836,"gpt":0.293837012130962,"spread":0.1839805885619784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004308424,0.0004995244,0.0009744346,0.0003629346,0.0030203,0.0001552203,0.003378213,0.00009865243,0.00003175759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003838982,0.0002195138,0.0002995356,0.0002844245,0.1135673,0.0003928845,0.0008627241,0.0007205064,0.0000269608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001545505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002539465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009902051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001369688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957539,0.0002425294,0.00099548,0.0007213882,0.001738881,0.0005477821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954641,0.00196437,0.0009077539,0.001093353,0.0004926758,0.00007774009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006159476,0.0000677666,0.000003701421,0.0001084074,0.00005053159,0.000003360349,0.04944472,0.000001203834,0.000006893048,0.9414423,0.008215345,0.000594245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005052753,0.00024315,0.00005313796,0.0002922568,0.00007804194,0.00000865569,0.003655395,0.00001520984,0.000002964172,0.8613177,0.1335557,0.0002725096],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001577671,0.0338132,0.000001012183,0.01172242,0.001856291,0.001029624,0.00005866252,0.00002506923,0.9499161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9556232,0.005733611,0.0000357609,0.002132282,0.002356001,0.0001668726,0.000003462593,0.00003402081,0.03391476],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9540455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023579928","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-44842-4","title":"Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ Ontological Phenomenology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Women in the history of philosophy and sciences","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominican University College","funders":"","keywords":"Phenomenology (philosophy); Philosophy; Psychoanalysis; Epistemology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09238301580310872,"gpt":0.2263597880711375,"spread":0.1339767722680287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001191825,0.0003181879,0.0006892788,0.0003576922,0.0004791331,0.00004875658,0.001254377,0.0001213232,0.0013987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005298166,0.0002203637,0.0001194895,0.00006598153,0.01475228,0.0002286597,0.0001155551,0.0004775386,0.00006391518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000755392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008189422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000476131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001134199,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976319,0.0001825459,0.0005095078,0.000629882,0.0005764457,0.0004696982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989116,0.0002543639,0.0003672097,0.0002836251,0.00004947115,0.0001337812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002854365,0.00006188488,0.000006295767,0.00008094278,0.00001312033,0.00001944489,0.1441256,5.50432e-7,0.000005055765,0.812558,0.04290059,0.0001999537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001224489,0.0004564998,0.000006293463,0.00002886324,0.00001133009,0.000003920458,0.001328684,0.000008911015,6.024128e-8,0.4049562,0.5929006,0.0001761163],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000866832,0.009864814,2.960643e-7,0.002748414,0.002284525,0.00021571,0.00003800385,0.00003332285,0.9839481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4698031,0.0003009916,0.00002896993,0.005308701,0.002333929,0.00008449602,0.00001148687,0.00002362843,0.5221047],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5500001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086990893","doi":"10.15173/jhap.v2i6.47","title":"Early Russell on Types and Plurals","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; York University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Plural; Epistemology; Aside; Class (philosophy); Philosophy; Abandonment (legal); Linguistics; Reflexive pronoun; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06029030429817334,"gpt":0.2470024844480199,"spread":0.1867121801498466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005494959,0.0001403932,0.0002681312,0.0001745399,0.0005061681,0.00004632672,0.0002988622,0.00003372605,0.0003019437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001107226,0.00008805918,0.0002205383,0.00002333631,0.001278887,0.0001712901,0.00001966627,0.0002465234,0.00004602659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001647597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005658144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002086707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009191064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989841,0.00004573449,0.0003099296,0.0001635798,0.0003074146,0.0001892693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989604,0.000358078,0.0001899178,0.000203589,0.0001445831,0.0001433908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001276754,0.00006493688,0.000006548639,0.00002472725,0.00005159939,0.000001112091,0.003681313,0.00001056383,0.00002011935,0.9394938,0.05580704,0.0007105953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003301407,0.0004891611,0.00006192506,0.00002830939,0.00009247942,0.000004906021,0.00004326376,0.0006186306,0.000001842241,0.2214495,0.7767718,0.0001081007],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02415146,0.003707041,0.0001216514,0.01295377,0.008217854,0.000257194,0.00002466845,0.00004275464,0.9505236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686152,0.00004362195,0.00002918276,0.001411746,0.002762891,0.000003010187,5.97864e-7,0.00001686817,0.02711688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9444637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4712111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2481968663","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521631785.008","title":"Russell’s Substitutional Theory","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Transformation (genetics); Arithmetic; Mathematical induction; Mathematics; Domain (mathematical analysis); Mathematical logic; Epistemology; Computer science; Algebra over a field; Philosophy; Pure mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03500322763733476,"gpt":0.1795651605008846,"spread":0.1445619328635499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001443611,0.0003184205,0.0002940684,0.0002262319,0.0008234328,0.00008024288,0.0004865071,0.0001436786,0.0002823839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004750729,0.0003501903,0.0002462094,0.000002534355,0.001896289,0.000151867,0.00009582438,0.0003821642,0.0001544559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002493589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001768885,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007240693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001826386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987944,0.00004037272,0.0001531933,0.000439982,0.0003153745,0.0002566148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990885,0.00005102386,0.000154398,0.0003889121,0.0001609968,0.0001561333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003469252,0.0000102601,8.899575e-8,0.00002675614,0.00005837028,0.0001023019,0.0006014686,4.612623e-7,0.000002823341,0.8941683,0.1048626,0.0001318195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002374936,0.00002484821,7.513058e-7,0.00005523127,0.0001362013,0.000007716257,0.0000968118,0.000001922962,0.00001001656,0.002020872,0.9969829,0.0004252557],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002155159,0.0004273167,0.00004214649,0.00002064196,0.001289772,0.0001817305,0.0004426009,0.0001187664,0.9974555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001939528,0.00005539169,0.00001219403,0.0003584744,0.0006284216,5.245628e-7,0.000047844,0.0000292993,0.9969283],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8921474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2756295316","doi":"10.1057/978-1-137-40808-2","title":"Innovations in the History of Analytical Philosophy","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy of history; Philosophy; Engineering ethics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07118777003816842,"gpt":0.2501361058071309,"spread":0.1789483357689624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004738736,0.0003447495,0.0005490741,0.0006257372,0.0003091997,0.00006542075,0.001224737,0.0001431987,0.0006740818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005278212,0.0002615896,0.0002500216,0.00001508287,0.002995706,0.000002344734,0.00009613024,0.0005256518,0.0001046145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005310565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009363716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002140258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001445569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980879,0.00006475811,0.0005753567,0.0003984945,0.00056921,0.0003043061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980285,0.0001265776,0.0004964152,0.001077643,0.0002083448,0.0000625496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001067935,0.000002118153,0.00001137353,0.00007514466,0.00003301284,0.00002506025,0.01632999,1.079311e-7,0.000002034174,0.9682413,0.01473696,0.0005322461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001292386,0.00004178399,0.00004474901,0.00008265039,0.00003901678,0.000002382497,0.00007435196,0.000006665156,1.89634e-7,0.5771202,0.422264,0.0001946891],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000330692,0.001231679,0.000001124881,0.0002148347,0.001807068,0.0003072207,0.0001380723,0.00002765357,0.9962393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7907977,0.00001516201,0.00000658133,0.0005584229,0.001587187,0.00002716773,0.0000516405,0.0000303337,0.2069259],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7907646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389526976","doi":"10.1017/9781009471497","title":"Logical Empiricism as Scientific Philosophy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Empiricism; Epistemology; Philosophy; Philosophy of science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07523737339879606,"gpt":0.2211428990997737,"spread":0.1459055257009776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002288873,0.0004414477,0.0004901136,0.0006334806,0.00181415,0.000400229,0.001222169,0.0002334145,0.00008779736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001750492,0.0004686897,0.0003935974,0.00002394752,0.003657282,0.0002254975,0.0004985248,0.0006300997,0.001254786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004834666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006554319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001500525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003046269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975349,0.0000720449,0.0002440621,0.0009556751,0.0006932811,0.0005000867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998399,0.00009097654,0.0002282932,0.0007401925,0.0002523867,0.0002891652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001947272,0.00001597611,1.086057e-7,0.00005182421,0.00003241431,0.0002681161,0.0010735,3.509197e-7,0.00000274862,0.5825018,0.4159288,0.0001049429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002882371,0.00007666321,0.000002299414,0.0001314876,0.0001295696,0.000005992534,0.0001787678,0.000009455239,0.000005196361,0.002399227,0.9962096,0.0005634828],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001774105,0.0001658166,0.000003918659,0.00007567588,0.004039132,0.000341476,0.000619203,0.0005151245,0.9940622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002106006,0.00001952863,0.000004397842,0.0002753495,0.001965149,0.000001896887,0.0001753444,0.00005848907,0.9953938],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5802808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069587569","doi":"10.1080/00455091.2014.977835","title":"Kant on conic sections","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Philosophy","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Conic section; Philosophy; Epistemology; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03580878565759277,"gpt":0.2024952082967897,"spread":0.1666864226391969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002467561,0.0001088903,0.0001757112,0.0004975943,0.0006267015,0.0001060916,0.0002809584,0.00002682825,0.001054817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005926767,0.00009355087,0.000137941,0.00005055724,0.0004752605,0.0002027126,0.000003924891,0.0002573352,0.0002404139],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001674396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005249177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001430146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0305951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991851,0.00004379046,0.0002502671,0.0001089491,0.0001776579,0.0002341939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989118,0.00004177921,0.0001527418,0.0001618375,0.0001837792,0.0005480824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005652044,0.00001568366,0.0000329826,0.000005815861,0.00001669353,0.00002368544,0.004013157,0.00002717185,0.00001184163,0.9800699,0.01539824,0.0003792109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000207146,0.0003075062,0.0000938059,0.00004471818,0.00001688189,0.00002999211,0.0001220077,0.00001469165,0.00001299274,0.1694836,0.8295489,0.0001177998],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03441412,0.0003298779,0.00001478287,0.00807023,0.004540093,0.00005499718,0.00003371226,0.00001307887,0.9525291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916022,0.000003955837,0.00001301938,0.002366646,0.004834236,0.000001040903,0.000001148799,0.00001277219,0.001164986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9571881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042997457","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-2020-5_1","title":"On the Project of a Universal Character","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"","keywords":"Character (mathematics); Philosophy; Classics; Encyclopedia; Analogy; Epistemology; Literature; History; Mathematics; Art; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06933811671095666,"gpt":0.2007640018376901,"spread":0.1314258851267335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000598683,0.0001403617,0.0001614541,0.0001413108,0.0001700157,0.0000285812,0.0002285142,0.00004334184,0.02980672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002827529,0.000080413,0.0001248122,0.000004102586,0.0006062094,0.00006121421,0.0000231621,0.0001697995,0.0006179702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003868213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004263836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007880656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001578099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994102,0.000006582909,0.0001230572,0.0001549327,0.0002123972,0.00009284371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995381,0.00005003137,0.0001056994,0.0002327101,0.0000558711,0.0000176398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005297472,0.00001182698,3.48146e-8,0.00000759986,0.00001549623,0.000002697325,0.005688314,1.329735e-8,9.854649e-7,0.925683,0.06839529,0.0001894611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004670654,0.00007922306,4.903728e-7,0.00004359673,0.00001710364,4.719359e-7,0.0001061191,0.000003666596,0.000001402861,0.03309996,0.9664888,0.0001124073],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003887657,0.0000479423,2.39994e-7,0.0003726663,0.0004071194,0.0001472594,0.00005188308,0.00002677476,0.9989072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02058665,0.0000350507,0.000001488599,0.0006746526,0.0005603669,0.000001900754,0.00000438809,0.00001467763,0.9781208],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8980936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9710802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107726955","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197508930.001.0001","title":"Empiricisms","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06945796766865865,"gpt":0.226187901874629,"spread":0.1567299342059704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003955172,0.0001709471,0.000224901,0.00009067354,0.0002466565,0.0001072815,0.0003004697,0.00005262301,0.02042561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004593106,0.0001385857,0.0001330661,0.000007634974,0.0004506673,0.0000911238,0.00004683548,0.0002117503,0.006975428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008620654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002838874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002530879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003907519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991955,0.000006511835,0.0001555195,0.0002611516,0.0002411484,0.0001401883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995896,0.00001910255,0.00006594969,0.0001847254,0.0000474601,0.00009318511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.007734e-7,0.000003348501,3.250863e-8,0.00001080131,0.000005344378,0.000005258531,0.004235821,2.230797e-8,2.021888e-7,0.4881359,0.5073237,0.0002787435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003947064,0.00003590857,2.078028e-7,0.00001401465,0.00001753926,5.179606e-7,0.0000833674,0.000003033062,4.170359e-7,0.08983401,0.9097804,0.0001910584],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[5.002407e-7,0.0004329718,0.000003494507,0.001009458,0.001696652,0.00007842422,0.00004321724,0.0001626865,0.9965726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003959561,0.00001848609,0.00001469661,0.005692036,0.004653813,0.00000404294,0.00003887002,0.00002466869,0.9891574],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4024568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385763578","doi":"10.1353/rss.2023.a904085","title":"Russell’s Representationalism about Consciousness: Reconsidering His Relationship to James","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Russell the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Direct and indirect realism; Consciousness; Epistemology; Philosophy; Pragmatism; Representation (politics); Antecedent (behavioral psychology); Monism; Virtue; Analytic philosophy; Psychology; Realism; Contemporary philosophy; Social psychology; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1079511548918761,"gpt":0.2981766815479882,"spread":0.1902255266561121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001984767,0.0002797089,0.0005524137,0.0005189469,0.00187849,0.0001601946,0.0005064313,0.0000497093,0.0003042072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000415659,0.0001789164,0.0002605786,0.0003454084,0.0008832655,0.000471573,0.00008618983,0.0003900269,0.0005099279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001022547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001288851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001172547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007499612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997521,0.000234557,0.0009154278,0.0002538832,0.0006506732,0.0004245044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966244,0.00190915,0.0004815321,0.0003239624,0.0004930174,0.0001679456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003001495,0.0001314443,0.001667898,0.0001726098,0.000758817,0.00009428162,0.4889666,0.001436725,0.000571243,0.08055149,0.4242713,0.001077369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001250714,0.0002834516,0.004868699,0.000488055,0.0005240099,0.0001601174,0.07213554,0.00006025122,0.0005323449,0.07954741,0.8394803,0.0006690522],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.841394,0.02848706,0.0000474664,0.03627141,0.0072899,0.0006415697,0.0000527847,0.0002209775,0.08559482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767778,0.005729489,0.000104116,0.0009395561,0.001643328,0.00001328044,0.000002777962,0.00003520945,0.01475447],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4168311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W823586641","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848530.001.0001","title":"The Platonism of Walter Pater","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Tyndale University","funders":"","keywords":"Platonism; Philosophy; Art; Classics; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0413747939738336,"gpt":0.1980497639710661,"spread":0.1566749699972325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006568252,0.0001259158,0.0001771954,0.00003652244,0.000336833,0.00007668158,0.0003254085,0.0000392482,0.003307465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003033494,0.00006909485,0.0001218861,0.000004361652,0.0008019801,0.00005725014,0.00005297773,0.0001602657,0.00060957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003429175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001572639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002510765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003401687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993051,0.000009286814,0.0001925103,0.000155242,0.0002170308,0.0001208311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995588,0.00004396765,0.00009430799,0.0002074791,0.00005297706,0.0000424405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002561088,0.000002816204,9.232328e-8,0.00001762497,0.00001116224,0.000001503195,0.005263887,2.31304e-8,0.000001037441,0.6286122,0.3657825,0.0003046359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004111058,0.00003219763,4.776402e-7,0.00001843677,0.0000144371,3.098868e-7,0.00009635009,0.000003481921,0.000007318444,0.0686304,0.9310563,0.00009918101],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004627228,0.0006309821,0.00000104626,0.0007375939,0.001175685,0.00007773429,0.00003952928,0.0000310015,0.9973018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003449946,0.00006985071,0.000003963494,0.001090641,0.0014723,0.000003942781,0.00001230516,0.00001574387,0.9938813],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5652738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393371867","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2024.3364900","title":"Was There a French Engine Before Babbage’s Difference Engine?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"History of computing; Steam engine; Computer science; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Manufacturing engineering; Operating system; History; Aeronautics; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06821477175008123,"gpt":0.2479634237804054,"spread":0.1797486520303242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003379988,0.0001689662,0.0002803774,0.0001732162,0.000187663,0.0000249821,0.0005936005,0.00003535907,0.0002954163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002524419,0.0001218501,0.0002624014,0.00006573344,0.0007442701,0.0001152311,0.00006391962,0.0002236153,0.00002302195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001011128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001769645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003712877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002490768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988042,0.00005232791,0.0003471883,0.0002272821,0.0003344875,0.0002345065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991927,0.00009712456,0.0001618681,0.0003528223,0.0001416503,0.00005387367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002561963,0.0003553229,0.0002391285,0.001683049,0.0002738878,0.00002692838,0.4207392,0.00183138,0.003349476,0.1589669,0.3463905,0.06611857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001421144,0.0001553336,0.001514741,0.0009338549,0.00004571299,0.000005978309,0.0003990031,0.01716325,0.0004809413,0.01088148,0.9679555,0.0003221101],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7736841,0.02757677,0.0004154324,0.001737876,0.02450837,0.0002594917,0.00006095106,0.0002516342,0.1715054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745532,0.00001618867,0.00003796674,0.0002243886,0.0008487479,0.000001658335,0.000001074479,0.00001821601,0.02429855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.621565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4968905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033905688","doi":"10.4000/philosophiascientiae.429","title":"Louis Rougier : itinéraire intellectuel et politique, des années vingt à Nouvelle École","year":2007,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Philosophia Scientae","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Paul University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Art; Humanities","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04634877187337252,"gpt":0.2727785628989357,"spread":0.2264297910255632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002270305,0.0006966759,0.0006007594,0.0008906903,0.004432055,0.0008671115,0.001166185,0.0002130502,0.004995299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002631523,0.0007136574,0.0004475917,0.0006407539,0.01060711,0.00150652,0.0004084352,0.0007172609,0.001700773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008339736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006331539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004251495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007032648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994846,0.000187146,0.0009140669,0.001180614,0.001061207,0.001810952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971189,0.0003414215,0.000323687,0.0008060831,0.0005646481,0.0008452661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006717641,0.0006838532,0.000485116,0.00017537,0.00004746558,0.00008228004,0.04907349,0.00001832583,0.0002493736,0.9312755,0.01487862,0.002963373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004687216,0.0003402859,0.001610659,0.0002632295,0.00007181991,0.00005451311,0.004643593,0.0001708713,0.0002321681,0.2829469,0.7083949,0.000802342],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1008754,0.01414356,0.0002721613,0.03514257,0.007926154,0.0004999595,0.0002814833,0.0002643774,0.8405944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9465801,0.0004931167,0.0004290253,0.006812625,0.005965644,0.00001999837,0.00003249235,0.00009283918,0.03957419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8457047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2946757314","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2019.05.007","title":"The revolt against rationalism: Feyerabend's critical philosophy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Critical rationalism; Rationalism; Philosophy; Epistemology; Philosophy of science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09578548278098861,"gpt":0.2925577457219707,"spread":0.1967722629409821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001335827,0.0002083035,0.0003535984,0.0002781148,0.001568737,0.00004426969,0.0005854077,0.00003008123,0.000129451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003454623,0.0001531142,0.0000876744,0.0001732525,0.02718642,0.0007661081,0.0001684828,0.0002311518,0.00005446267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003343484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002361169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001904019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006759465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997859,0.00007323416,0.00046823,0.0005235596,0.0006818712,0.0003940924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985326,0.0004411507,0.000149557,0.0003904235,0.0003782131,0.000108078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003006467,0.0000577258,0.0002071686,0.00009592636,0.00001154237,0.000003229422,0.02939082,0.000004029946,0.0001488054,0.9655065,0.00434934,0.0001948293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002846917,0.0001688536,0.0001022921,0.0002020646,0.00001276868,0.000002564594,0.002995498,0.00005388596,0.00002020492,0.3825996,0.6132746,0.0002829971],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07386748,0.03975368,5.419784e-7,0.006596409,0.01016663,0.0003657385,0.00002741588,0.00004397309,0.8691781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956828,0.001040522,0.00002924275,0.000837773,0.0009699076,0.00003374121,0.000001326314,0.000009394821,0.00139534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9218153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589776622","doi":"10.1111/1469-8676.12368","title":"Interpreting Strathern's ‘unconscious’ critique of ontology","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Anthropology","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Unconscious mind; Ontology; Epistemology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04482463948184576,"gpt":0.3282878929284223,"spread":0.2834632534465765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000153979,0.00009329168,0.0002530671,0.00005322832,0.00202931,0.00004731339,0.0004035325,0.00007081323,0.002898117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008192578,0.00008702758,0.00009505683,0.000006530083,0.01078895,0.0001508127,0.00007340965,0.000136647,0.00004023785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003247628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008714244,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005504849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04004402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992605,0.00006535196,0.0001885016,0.0001775506,0.00007899092,0.0002290971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999427,0.0000415582,0.00021085,0.0001868294,0.0001019876,0.00003174842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001458238,0.00005148447,0.0004645466,0.00001279247,0.00001686522,0.000008905003,0.05328205,1.975868e-8,0.0004020233,0.9400752,0.003146035,0.002525449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007566037,0.000577852,0.001605722,0.00004264333,0.00005815063,0.00001542934,0.0659479,0.00001972221,0.0007077588,0.396762,0.5329762,0.000530098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2007026,0.0002131444,0.00004043397,0.0113506,0.003841185,0.00007910185,0.00004690783,0.00004839334,0.7836776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971817,0.00001533613,0.00002067188,0.000395239,0.001042312,0.000004424214,0.000001541021,0.000008308233,0.001330428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7964791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1853622319","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-14349-1_6","title":"The Physiology of the Sense Organs and Early Neo-Kantian Conceptions of Objectivity: Helmholtz, Lange, Liebmann","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Objectivity (philosophy); Doctrine; Philosophy; Epistemology; Nothing; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1263136476999303,"gpt":0.2936791794484042,"spread":0.167365531748474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00127214,0.0002478252,0.0005445685,0.0002052047,0.001171955,0.00002702433,0.001074224,0.00005665956,0.00001142124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001771882,0.0001271336,0.0001390468,0.0001374098,0.04812502,0.0001766657,0.000477979,0.0003204966,0.000005095445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006409359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002186912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002177387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007181703,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980668,0.00008432641,0.0004548058,0.0003732131,0.000765363,0.0002555204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976382,0.0003852052,0.0006175942,0.0007174045,0.0006015041,0.00004007429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002166403,0.000036495,0.00001697103,0.00006458725,0.00004299491,0.000001409502,0.09507625,0.000002124746,0.0005979633,0.903105,0.0008286671,0.0002059127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003701164,0.0004964524,0.001622256,0.0005306904,0.0001448376,0.000014776,0.01454491,0.0000047914,0.0001426939,0.8828387,0.09892172,0.0003681065],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06069686,0.01314811,3.525757e-7,0.003145682,0.001790246,0.0005920971,0.0002054911,0.00001712222,0.920404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887666,0.0008360292,0.00000687015,0.0001530703,0.0003855539,0.000009358413,5.294232e-7,0.00001290674,0.009829139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9280697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9544654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2271053704","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521631785.010","title":"Russell’s Method of Analysis","year":2003,"lang":"de","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophical methodology; Philosophical analysis; Philosophy; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03816917594578416,"gpt":0.2142844013753977,"spread":0.1761152254296136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003784209,0.0005853855,0.001212621,0.001206148,0.0008528337,0.00009121385,0.0009220335,0.0002987826,0.0002653243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009976282,0.0006747394,0.001204939,0.00003513174,0.001822627,0.0001635957,0.0002275984,0.0005331939,0.00006054613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002551387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001639041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001401028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005895856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997466,0.0001847569,0.0004789759,0.0008560156,0.0005742239,0.0004400569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974393,0.0001410129,0.0007140656,0.0009682037,0.0004438961,0.000293555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008078782,0.00004395086,0.000003296895,0.0001424079,0.002195922,0.0001168343,0.001746119,0.00001650532,0.00003303986,0.9828128,0.01245978,0.0003486015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004193753,0.00009060061,0.000008294539,0.00007952078,0.007146175,0.000003140364,0.0003948252,0.000114786,0.0001219032,0.00007730172,0.9908575,0.0006866148],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007968521,0.0009122752,0.00139088,0.00002304103,0.0008703582,0.0002948497,0.001237761,0.00005787766,0.9951333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005861786,0.0003582755,0.0004153694,0.0001675717,0.0003530092,4.975801e-7,0.00007402547,0.00004305281,0.9927264],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9827355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130702891","doi":"10.7202/039484ar","title":"La critique de la psychologie de Natorp dans la Ve Recherche logique de Husserl","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Philosophiques","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2899268028417215,"gpt":0.4161308241841704,"spread":0.1262040213424488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006775962,0.0005222979,0.0004629406,0.0002647354,0.0007384497,0.000474636,0.001068338,0.001406,0.0005729882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001423195,0.0005413604,0.0003116066,0.0001110628,0.005564935,0.0005911432,0.0001239202,0.003766169,0.0001433214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008993262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001260353,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001707682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001854631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9937454,0.003830976,0.0004743317,0.000694383,0.0002837641,0.0009711214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959529,0.002459808,0.0001876715,0.0006967824,0.000223385,0.0004794717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005134735,0.0006098779,0.0004629481,0.0001733107,0.00004979052,0.0004147115,0.03921689,0.000002610903,0.006801812,0.9348462,0.0156094,0.001761068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000209821,0.0001303191,0.0005690823,0.0001331729,0.00005165693,0.0002528014,0.0007731191,0.00003532277,0.001125314,0.5643326,0.4319879,0.0003988447],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09875024,0.007007258,0.0003606737,0.02988874,0.001379547,0.0002471945,0.0001516913,0.000451502,0.8617632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9677883,0.004951772,0.0059899,0.008373888,0.007889793,0.0001296988,0.00001164646,0.0001106639,0.004754277],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8690381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079630143","doi":"10.1086/392816","title":"Science as Will and Representation: Carnap, Reichenbach, and the Sociology of Science","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Science","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Normative; Sociology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03700479376296732,"gpt":0.2681322908349253,"spread":0.231127497071958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002691494,0.0001373223,0.0002704245,0.0005610405,0.002930308,0.0001319921,0.001317567,0.00001973283,0.0001997877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003189686,0.00009475675,0.00004554857,0.0009061432,0.3336654,0.002011046,0.0002252947,0.0001358831,0.00000991553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005140247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008046712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003763057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001207027,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974648,0.00004149114,0.0003379409,0.000657571,0.001107837,0.0003903923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985198,0.0001448533,0.0002039643,0.0004681858,0.0004907204,0.0001724175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003453168,0.0000317477,0.0001050362,0.00001276032,0.000002064349,7.150698e-7,0.05274836,0.000004406798,0.006024894,0.9395556,0.0000163246,0.001463546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009234055,0.0004171407,0.003020476,0.00005686065,0.00002916831,0.0000350789,0.005269618,0.0004990807,0.003254459,0.9810306,0.005177696,0.0002863979],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6310014,0.000688994,0.000001108099,0.002768949,0.0002834669,0.0001448415,0.000006029741,0.00001442822,0.3650908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984857,0.0001610609,0.0001158478,0.0004302088,0.0002122313,0.000005829806,1.977977e-7,0.000004330281,0.0005845507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3674843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2335370200","doi":"10.1017/s1369415400000625","title":"Kant in Reply to Lambert on the Ancestry of Metaphysical Concepts","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kantian Review","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Sketch; Transcendental number; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Epistemology; Mathematics; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09334001181781544,"gpt":0.3102929716760894,"spread":0.216952959858274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003250735,0.00009222948,0.000282719,0.0000423695,0.00009009383,0.00001721779,0.0002509263,0.000008609133,0.0009711715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004986749,0.00005523447,0.0001022896,0.0001123198,0.0002607119,0.000074998,0.00002177779,0.00009927985,0.0002788769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000161373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003157288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001517199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003199255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991657,0.00007329894,0.0002483243,0.0001761209,0.0001892323,0.0001473361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999468,0.00005547525,0.00007800806,0.0003143365,0.00003863717,0.00004555206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001168996,0.0001512332,0.0001186367,0.0004124296,0.00001499183,0.00002105846,0.005922487,0.000001062684,0.00005276863,0.9062981,0.07517331,0.01182222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004675578,0.00005219456,0.0003116656,0.001351797,0.00001556609,0.000001671608,0.0001072098,0.000002283501,0.00001925916,0.001063078,0.9969471,0.00008142849],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05536835,0.06677169,0.000002138558,0.03111313,0.0006676199,0.0007145858,0.00001934137,0.0000376888,0.8453054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647066,0.008822471,0.00001491298,0.02306928,0.000314826,0.00002812322,0.00000173475,0.00000854307,0.003033511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9217738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2804199312","doi":"10.15173/jhap.v6i6.3233","title":"Verification: The Hysteron Proteron Argument","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Positivism; Epistemology; Philosophy; Argument map; Sociology; Argumentation theory","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09114550703331133,"gpt":0.2682134794440478,"spread":0.1770679724107365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007628092,0.0001480391,0.0002118462,0.0001078166,0.001168107,0.00006244708,0.0006896968,0.00003039591,0.0008071937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005653319,0.00007852225,0.0002881915,0.00003889223,0.0029839,0.0002223595,0.00003246531,0.0002522279,0.0001015997],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004937242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001551846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001813028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002393825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986473,0.00006237126,0.0004345808,0.0001811305,0.0004498242,0.0002248473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986824,0.0001327572,0.0003181124,0.0004148924,0.0003519235,0.00009989944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002323906,0.000156483,0.000003944607,0.00003767904,0.0001103707,0.000001307674,0.01554999,0.000005668733,0.00009252247,0.6943143,0.2884398,0.001055528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002926007,0.0004773066,0.00002799819,0.00002791168,0.0001121699,0.000009009279,0.0002383159,0.0005029729,0.000009849049,0.08766785,0.91053,0.0001039525],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007195175,0.006567282,0.0009107025,0.07129641,0.03213019,0.001500805,0.00004963339,0.00007977115,0.8802701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.955297,0.0000225176,0.00004117997,0.001548708,0.00801837,0.00002718528,0.000001408496,0.00001885907,0.03502478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9481018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984653171","doi":"10.1177/0309816814564129","title":"Marxism and the doctrine of internal relations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Capital & Class","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Kent; York University","keywords":"Dialectic; Hegelianism; Doctrine; Epistemology; Subject (documents); Philosophy; Sociology; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03193516182881124,"gpt":0.2198629227034284,"spread":0.1879277608746172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001557894,0.00004548046,0.00008046062,0.00003760673,0.0001058367,0.00003490556,0.0001045032,0.0000106171,0.0001612171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002869222,0.00002848727,0.00003270856,0.00001368736,0.000997302,0.0001340664,0.0000346516,0.00007007127,0.00006352607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001950976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002672345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001987736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002182126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996296,0.00001893345,0.0001051032,0.0000724215,0.000106329,0.00006761623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997112,0.00003942686,0.0000458803,0.00009594486,0.00006210956,0.0000454013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001745145,0.0000110363,0.00007540586,0.000002430032,0.000005866387,9.281773e-7,0.02884726,7.673665e-7,0.00001090974,0.9613448,0.009485777,0.0001974157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009105392,0.00006900684,0.0003830264,0.00001121147,0.00001847602,0.000005272531,0.003600913,0.0001566649,0.00001407233,0.125836,0.8689142,0.00008062145],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3126122,0.0009943874,0.000006785516,0.001671223,0.0005776436,0.00005801499,0.0000106904,0.00001435879,0.6840547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814506,0.000006958657,0.000008185383,0.0002156358,0.0003015531,0.000003272417,0.000001177594,0.000003086163,0.01800953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8594284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3674601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2497283725","doi":"10.1017/ccol0521631785.003","title":"Russell’s Philosophical Background","year":2003,"lang":"ru","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of mathematics; Philosophy; Epistemology; Classics; Mathematics education; Mathematics; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05690914239539182,"gpt":0.206804174739544,"spread":0.1498950323441522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002720552,0.001029837,0.001014951,0.0005410775,0.002321192,0.0003690379,0.001355734,0.0005905716,0.0004166487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009316195,0.001210517,0.0007667867,0.00001371365,0.004156448,0.0004059683,0.0004154239,0.001357886,0.0005228424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006590021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002819602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004998691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002871586,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996236,0.000146557,0.0005289543,0.001391217,0.0008313766,0.0008658545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971451,0.0001289177,0.0004916413,0.001175965,0.0003941728,0.0006642693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001148534,0.00007475849,7.939983e-7,0.000162999,0.0002232156,0.0005918585,0.0008286053,9.449031e-7,0.00001905701,0.957477,0.04028268,0.0002232275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009672558,0.0001952339,0.000004786371,0.0002803776,0.00058421,0.00002727897,0.0004315779,0.00001975586,0.00002112249,0.0008465917,0.9952421,0.001379747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004746274,0.0009594728,0.00002747039,0.000294527,0.00267002,0.0005724831,0.0009293431,0.0001899409,0.9938821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0293384,0.0004488315,0.00003105592,0.0009206184,0.001683709,0.000001330999,0.00007059606,0.0001135613,0.9673919],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9566304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026395221","doi":"10.1007/s11229-013-0342-9","title":"The aim of Russell’s early logicism: a reinterpretation","year":2013,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"Synthese","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Generality; Reinterpretation; Epistemology; Interpretation (philosophy); Philosophy; Philosophy of science; Axiom; Philosophy of language; Character (mathematics); Mathematics; Metaphysics; Linguistics; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02179970798217325,"gpt":0.2146668434690426,"spread":0.1928671354868693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003584316,0.0001705437,0.0002179712,0.00009497366,0.0006875258,0.0002995203,0.0004851635,0.00005373789,0.0019842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001416652,0.0001093611,0.0001586586,0.00005285358,0.00136674,0.0003422573,0.00005509208,0.0001674596,0.003485846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004957012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006747108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001991033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002720784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986306,0.0001268526,0.0003756153,0.000237695,0.000322485,0.0003067011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986811,0.0003709223,0.0002320968,0.0004391895,0.0001935477,0.00008315251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000601136,0.0001772107,0.0001027637,0.00009083734,0.0001321732,0.000005391938,0.1113385,0.000006932818,0.0009332467,0.841219,0.01784885,0.02808501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002019445,0.0003933322,0.001202872,0.0002624474,0.0001357977,0.000001516826,0.00766836,0.001327351,0.0003569471,0.1045946,0.883445,0.0004098216],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2041587,0.01978295,0.00007086428,0.004082007,0.006072095,0.0007901394,0.00006791374,0.00008537954,0.7648899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822879,0.0003721643,0.00001586507,0.0001953939,0.0007780983,0.00003376997,0.000001699607,0.00001624661,0.01629882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8655962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079914764","doi":"10.1080/09608788.2012.689750","title":"The Limits of Experience and Explanation: F. A. Lange and Ernst Mach on Things in Themselves","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal for the History of Philosophy","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Relation (database); Philosophy; Denial; Vision; Mach number; Inference; Philosophy of science; Psychoanalysis; Psychology; Theology; Computer science; Mechanics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08236861792178442,"gpt":0.2544564984952087,"spread":0.1720878805734243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005695557,0.0000816971,0.0001421679,0.00007709116,0.0006195782,0.00004263343,0.0002230465,0.00002129348,0.00003219134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006296272,0.00005890068,0.00005690137,0.00001865291,0.001135154,0.0004236976,0.00001916424,0.0001621862,9.250874e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008024703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002941983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001201859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001061097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992518,0.00004164774,0.0002415661,0.00009254985,0.0002180951,0.0001542828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993505,0.000221558,0.0001996014,0.00009544162,0.00007339423,0.00005952071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001846786,0.0002792857,0.0004086324,0.0001071558,0.00004280318,0.000008436301,0.2327879,0.000001819692,0.000282906,0.7154657,0.02113958,0.0292911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000699379,0.0001889811,0.001819822,0.0002539061,0.00002772501,0.0001880373,0.003975873,0.00003295792,0.00002779294,0.03849596,0.9541096,0.0001799289],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4959432,0.2753535,0.000014035,0.003879176,0.01016621,0.0006354803,0.00009356534,0.0000303879,0.2138845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954166,0.001526711,0.0000206316,0.0002959081,0.0007744647,0.00001342211,6.920261e-7,0.000009276666,0.001942317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.93297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4765357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169934257","doi":"10.1162/posc.2006.14.4.387","title":"Pythagorean Heuristics in Physics","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Science","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Pythagorean theorem; Simplicity; Beauty; Epistemology; Metaphysics; Interpretation (philosophy); Sketch; Heuristics; Credibility; Context (archaeology); Heuristic; Appeal; Philosophy; Mathematical proof; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Law; Political science; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0302137731097055,"gpt":0.2500391419933147,"spread":0.2198253688836092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002965325,0.000103286,0.0001097654,0.0002160254,0.0005422824,0.0001784964,0.0003950309,0.000009702733,0.0001110269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005625055,0.00008990934,0.00003720957,0.0002499208,0.003122925,0.0004096013,0.0000339962,0.0001191704,0.0001419305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000243842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001167285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007890983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000638644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987239,0.00001448703,0.000124337,0.0003994088,0.0004466671,0.0002912222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995081,0.00003926664,0.00004974227,0.0002258036,0.0001248549,0.00005217555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004125089,0.000148674,0.0002568467,0.000001977594,4.336757e-7,0.000003617405,0.03845693,0.00004598187,0.0001662718,0.9600501,0.0004700441,0.0003950035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001101023,0.0005372671,0.03439531,0.00009995928,0.0000162025,0.000007508092,0.1037914,0.003324063,0.0009339167,0.6430926,0.2113001,0.001400649],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1504538,0.0001344907,0.00003530067,0.0002692934,0.0004549323,0.00007390726,0.00001130025,0.00005475454,0.8485122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963594,0.000007092358,0.000088468,0.00009887025,0.0006973129,0.000004394834,5.961132e-7,0.000006284144,0.002737561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8459056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2727685628","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219315.003.0013","title":"Thorstein Veblen and American Social Criticism","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Veblen good; Criticism; Neoclassical economics; Social criticism; Positive economics; Sociology; Economics; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03626452077435446,"gpt":0.2000507389197967,"spread":0.1637862181454423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004862246,0.0002498305,0.0003772677,0.0001887503,0.001273934,0.00007887965,0.0003775589,0.00009184568,0.00005043231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002445871,0.0002832448,0.0001346323,0.000005524739,0.003168136,0.0001356366,0.0001748914,0.0003274893,0.000003255957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001995891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002039625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002838313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003926604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989515,0.00004374118,0.0001179693,0.0003600326,0.0002546857,0.0002720638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994256,0.00003731055,0.0001444218,0.0001856837,0.00009003882,0.0001169216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002909785,0.00001182812,3.321277e-7,0.0000471379,0.00003854839,0.00008197174,0.01738142,4.057749e-8,0.000001208117,0.9004207,0.07937042,0.002617292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002053564,0.00005467813,0.000003322481,0.00002943251,0.00008539692,0.000004212796,0.0007601511,0.000003116401,0.000001519118,0.001973014,0.9965398,0.0003400421],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003524696,0.0001225036,0.000003679316,0.00005229571,0.0003129707,0.0001426149,0.0002293408,0.0001015793,0.9986826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002899224,0.0001609373,0.00002130295,0.0001785599,0.0009701996,7.261198e-7,0.00001959451,0.00002609205,0.9957234],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9171693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W41331200","doi":"10.15173/russell.v24i2.2067","title":"Russell's Notes on Frege for Appendix A of <i>The Principles of Mathematics</i>","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Russell the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Reading (process); Mathematics; Philosophy; Arithmetic; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05601040718742523,"gpt":0.2593801390318627,"spread":0.2033697318444375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001920155,0.000387284,0.001000494,0.0002574477,0.001040944,0.00005141231,0.0009062531,0.00006603287,0.0001095252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002069119,0.0001896697,0.0005820902,0.0001365057,0.001979635,0.000224291,0.00007151462,0.0002768877,0.00003330345],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008637665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003153752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007289897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997193,0.0001054794,0.001297259,0.0002099588,0.0007756616,0.0004186738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995906,0.001639759,0.001383427,0.0004552422,0.0005209076,0.00009467278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005280172,0.001245398,0.00001759056,0.0008351643,0.001264797,0.000008786884,0.1891931,0.001119972,0.01254353,0.7887692,0.003907854,0.0005665749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005828038,0.003843397,0.0002827057,0.002407531,0.00243308,0.0001341208,0.0213657,0.0001301557,0.03478169,0.1980976,0.7296754,0.001020593],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8642614,0.0582118,0.0006386678,0.007805918,0.002781444,0.001607469,0.0002102465,0.00005588413,0.06442717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907688,0.006095471,0.0005645219,0.0001576079,0.0008323197,0.00001239365,0.000001772758,0.00004041592,0.001526647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7257675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8006206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2620887081","doi":"10.26686/ajl.v14i1.4026","title":"Resolving Quine's Confict: A Neo-Quinean View of the Rational Revisability of Logic","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Australasian Journal of Logic","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Quine; Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; Philosophy; Exegesis; Subject (documents); Computer science; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09137614410707275,"gpt":0.2870633837069518,"spread":0.1956872395998791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001301474,0.0001221135,0.0003388168,0.00004991712,0.0007336647,0.00009580335,0.001252248,0.00003019873,0.000911503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003051712,0.00005981359,0.0002749886,0.00003084464,0.002495817,0.0002840624,0.00007812925,0.0002794254,0.000007617176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003748578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001396536,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004605468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001117903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998551,0.0001685101,0.000619408,0.0001073361,0.0003877485,0.0001659875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976559,0.000101413,0.001300541,0.0005664862,0.0003191002,0.00005656276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204622,0.0002312587,0.003203071,0.0001832354,0.00008298596,0.00001249746,0.01844545,0.00007560987,0.002317928,0.9686552,0.00518432,0.00148795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002426166,0.002480231,0.1541103,0.001748765,0.0005865936,0.0004133215,0.01088875,0.0001080507,0.001555722,0.5782048,0.2467319,0.000745452],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6741285,0.002096119,0.00004328651,0.0337052,0.002782007,0.00052014,0.00005298058,0.00001638394,0.2866553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977295,0.00004004556,0.00006027035,0.0001845661,0.0006584994,9.183383e-7,3.622488e-7,0.0000052828,0.001320572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3904505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983812074","doi":"10.1016/s0039-3681(02)00088-2","title":"The geometry of knowledge: Lewis, Becker, Carnap and the formalization of philosophy in the 1920s","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of computer science; Empiricism; Pragmatism; Relation (database); Philosophy education; History and philosophy of science; Philosophy; Context (archaeology); Western philosophy; Phenomenology (philosophy); Modern philosophy; Contemporary philosophy; Sociology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08222352904357028,"gpt":0.2769107863369382,"spread":0.1946872572933679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003354635,0.0001490393,0.0003513912,0.0003044,0.0009530625,0.00001477364,0.0005132196,0.00002451097,0.00001008506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003600553,0.00007922011,0.00006582378,0.0003737258,0.03398124,0.0003415482,0.00009497759,0.0001600309,7.179114e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009642471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001449597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007946611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004127508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984022,0.0001956926,0.0005073802,0.0002502775,0.0004166753,0.0002277554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986464,0.0004909856,0.00029757,0.0003050736,0.0002289228,0.00003107398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003880189,0.00006413311,0.0006344112,0.000113853,0.00001097315,4.208787e-7,0.1384095,0.000003566595,0.00001848892,0.8600388,0.0004804048,0.0001867184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001622901,0.0003461925,0.0008588424,0.000334536,0.00006329629,0.000007342433,0.03061679,0.00006592165,0.00009003073,0.6368536,0.3288314,0.0003091324],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2248081,0.2050718,0.000001636545,0.001496663,0.002480294,0.0006050977,0.0000177495,0.000009406936,0.5655093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966551,0.002860523,0.000008516242,0.0001252609,0.0001535955,0.00002933146,3.652941e-7,0.000004495679,0.0001627898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7718471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9686477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042193072","doi":"10.1080/01445340902731802","title":"Psychologism and the Development of Russell's Account of Propositions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History and Philosophy of Logic","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychologism; Proposition; Sketch; Relation (database); Epistemology; Determinative; Section (typography); Philosophy; Variety (cybernetics); Development (topology); Mathematics; Computer science; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06539431488709142,"gpt":0.2402142564717103,"spread":0.1748199415846189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002928507,0.0001018033,0.0002486064,0.000106866,0.0002246192,0.00000476459,0.0001493949,0.00003068121,0.0001310037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009009173,0.00006695832,0.00005559222,0.00002475966,0.002581858,0.000098919,0.00001663743,0.00008013881,0.00000212187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003134131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005872238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001465169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001508977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992458,0.00004214962,0.0003212276,0.0001502045,0.000152363,0.00008829639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994637,0.00004313717,0.000224899,0.0001560866,0.00007891427,0.00003328141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009239506,0.0001412239,0.00001123544,0.00005896503,0.00001214837,5.062253e-7,0.03653246,5.310376e-7,0.0004910805,0.9609017,0.0006918279,0.001065976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009987046,0.0004118607,0.001328475,0.00008183417,0.00005760298,0.000005124008,0.0005287753,0.000006953436,0.0001604726,0.8434795,0.152743,0.0001976695],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1255193,0.01307695,0.00003345305,0.002738028,0.0005339394,0.0003230658,0.00002190263,0.00002645378,0.8577269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986843,0.00008445292,0.000348043,0.0004745593,0.000111295,0.000005060933,0.000002073767,0.000003004338,0.0002872447],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.873165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9512965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108000095","doi":"10.7202/1005718ar","title":"L’histoire de la philosophie autrichienne et ses institutions","year":2011,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Philosophiques","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2208282716518627,"gpt":0.3155185912327447,"spread":0.09469031958088203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009837096,0.0006238216,0.0005642704,0.0006382203,0.002419322,0.0002368108,0.0008497165,0.000314944,0.002236465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001744008,0.0006522521,0.0003965092,0.0002068426,0.00893909,0.001487277,0.0001957622,0.0009300502,0.0006814947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006963127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007158274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003344182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966689,0.0006060335,0.0006551398,0.0007560092,0.0004421954,0.0008716822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979762,0.0002350869,0.0003010388,0.0007067941,0.0002686993,0.0005121281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005525113,0.001204049,0.00009645083,0.000155365,0.00008593113,0.0001904647,0.0241899,0.000004996191,0.00006499613,0.9547111,0.01815868,0.001082821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002648351,0.0001959158,0.0001854983,0.0001675946,0.0001194771,0.00005783792,0.0001925478,0.00001918563,0.00005859147,0.479835,0.5184395,0.0004639511],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003630967,0.04319111,0.00008079495,0.04459278,0.003881577,0.0003042351,0.0003700185,0.0004831147,0.9034654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9675506,0.004445466,0.001069038,0.00770745,0.009804317,0.00008599031,0.00003275105,0.00009199663,0.009212388],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9639196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970489865","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2013.865912","title":"Russell's Unknown Logicism: A Study in the History and Philosophy of Mathematics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History and Philosophy of Logic","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of mathematics; Epistemology; Philosophy; History of mathematics; History and philosophy of science; Philosophy of mathematics education; Mathematics; Mathematics education; Connected Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09148112898383175,"gpt":0.229012245948163,"spread":0.1375311169643313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006126759,0.0002949008,0.0005766767,0.0003479753,0.0002045311,0.00001800403,0.0004557356,0.00007395788,0.0008614123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003692679,0.0002102344,0.0001109356,0.00006289332,0.002649348,0.0003315555,0.00007308044,0.0002757484,0.00002674662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001899871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007765325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004116083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001492875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981626,0.0001822712,0.0006231476,0.0003898614,0.0003989945,0.0002431404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987271,0.0002086291,0.0003867076,0.0004651781,0.0001239985,0.0000883502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002357236,0.001236691,0.0003665193,0.0003162615,0.00002534079,0.000012918,0.1260108,0.000001352275,0.0001179874,0.8669546,0.004736129,0.0001978616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008854822,0.001235063,0.001084791,0.0001037331,0.00009690435,0.00001379851,0.005088608,0.00004661761,0.000002971253,0.8423395,0.1486775,0.0004251175],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3230731,0.02111275,0.000003693017,0.001204072,0.001106563,0.001031383,0.00001582499,0.00004823323,0.6524043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975711,0.0001362532,0.00009514168,0.0008502936,0.0003554865,0.00006003369,0.000002848959,0.0000171405,0.0009117781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6744978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9761631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1572143761","doi":"10.1111/1600-0498.12011","title":"Cultivating the Herb Garden of Scandinavian Mathematics: The Congresses of Scandinavian Mathematicians, 1909-1925","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Centaurus","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Institutionalisation; Institution; Consolidation (business); Sociology; Politics; Relation (database); Identity (music); Political science; Social science; Law; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02794221046920309,"gpt":0.2244919969751752,"spread":0.1965497865059721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003071665,0.0001767042,0.0003115458,0.000072034,0.0005835849,0.0001195089,0.0006546805,0.00003023781,0.002617924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007292924,0.00009378113,0.0001402259,0.00007479637,0.001475078,0.0001971205,0.00008397306,0.0001326321,0.0001352219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004788967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003579927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001127796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003826804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986376,0.00005809513,0.0004768945,0.0001693669,0.0003786449,0.0002794383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986614,0.0002235174,0.0004111539,0.0004684135,0.0001767732,0.00005873005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001489584,0.0005004785,0.002514479,0.0008603741,0.0001648317,0.000003256949,0.299345,0.00000663381,0.003238867,0.6561769,0.03276548,0.004408812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002358798,0.0005825037,0.008052144,0.005017404,0.0005583213,0.00003547355,0.522153,0.001035466,0.01524241,0.1913874,0.2519245,0.001652629],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4770061,0.001176579,0.00001334991,0.0007745001,0.0008424099,0.0008014278,0.00006309424,0.00005057201,0.519272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943877,0.00003750402,0.0001248956,0.0001952118,0.0003071454,0.00004086512,0.000003802611,0.0000200514,0.004882758],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5173817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020373621","doi":"10.1162/octo_a_00130","title":"Abstraction, 1910–1925: Eight Statements","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"October","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Community Based Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Art history; Exhibition; Art; Sculpture; Painting; Visual arts; Library science; History; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03554210244912683,"gpt":0.2546249610116825,"spread":0.2190828585625557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000646699,0.00009111233,0.00008417962,0.00006635746,0.0003495834,0.0001581826,0.0001293236,0.00001729907,0.03044585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004717407,0.00007388918,0.00004311809,0.00002013668,0.0001973635,0.0007875989,0.00001772134,0.00007934495,0.008556545],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004447604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002262258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001139571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006980537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992902,0.00001135362,0.000152482,0.000163757,0.0001884319,0.0001937759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996023,0.00001119943,0.00005514549,0.0001660998,0.00008797954,0.0000772678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004286542,0.0001825499,0.000579885,0.00001657653,0.00003139214,0.00000404038,0.02558038,0.000002725086,0.0004770861,0.2718308,0.6948442,0.006446103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001143626,0.00001801778,0.002277008,0.000005264223,0.000005853779,7.045364e-7,0.0004037366,0.00000744586,0.00004261429,0.01083723,0.9861727,0.0001150983],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1387955,0.0001028701,0.000003941394,0.0005322288,0.001499793,0.0001124769,0.00001466318,0.00005782659,0.8588806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8666275,0.00001120396,0.00002752188,0.0007797934,0.0007094735,0.00002330337,0.00001015633,0.00001007949,0.131801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7278319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9922154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158282983","doi":"10.1017/s001221731200042x","title":"W.V. Quine on Analyticity: “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” in Context","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialogue","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Quine; Empiricism; Appeal; Epistemology; Philosophy; Context (archaeology); Law; History; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0697892899471998,"gpt":0.2719021995674045,"spread":0.2021129096202047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002476566,0.00009045943,0.000197048,0.0002011729,0.00008357353,0.00001568947,0.0001356501,0.00001999399,0.0004958975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003493038,0.00007604335,0.0000607197,0.00005656217,0.000324285,0.0001786778,0.00001896951,0.00008973418,0.000204066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004773496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002702986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001380435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008426801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992736,0.00003623781,0.0001936992,0.0001157947,0.0001569303,0.0002237386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995986,0.00006632708,0.00006824992,0.000163037,0.00003727017,0.00006646871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003726405,0.0003936416,0.00507103,0.00001717102,0.00001295652,0.000003915047,0.06956364,0.000007640703,0.0001769982,0.9167089,0.005116515,0.00289027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001540854,0.0003450087,0.01493306,0.00008253004,0.00003961696,0.000001523134,0.003751286,0.00007779982,0.0006144431,0.01712116,0.9610245,0.0004682292],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5991768,0.0003025294,0.000002157912,0.0002081725,0.0009120269,0.00007445544,0.00003726254,0.00001854534,0.3992681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969857,0.00000647806,0.000004177568,0.0009924191,0.0007537875,0.000005456211,0.0000121432,0.000007339253,0.001232534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.955908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.542973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W132159838","doi":"10.15173/russell.v24i1.2054","title":"Russell's Marginalia in His Copies of Frege's Works","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Russell the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Marginalia; Philosophy; Humanities; Mathematics; Theology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03740149221865475,"gpt":0.2498063781365454,"spread":0.2124048859178907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001324495,0.0003206252,0.000837038,0.0003795991,0.000575553,0.00006892486,0.0006535829,0.00006514729,0.000237097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005743459,0.00019008,0.0002953698,0.0002104878,0.001700406,0.0004908174,0.0000605441,0.0005023987,0.00003329832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001783792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001443903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004096019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002888901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976202,0.0001427035,0.0010204,0.0001908883,0.0006038068,0.0004220026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982339,0.0003620499,0.0006852106,0.0002852343,0.0003342306,0.00009939373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001816713,0.001774431,0.001536402,0.000800858,0.001708083,0.0002456529,0.7060243,0.003765188,0.00237477,0.2451115,0.03171947,0.00312259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01162727,0.002561845,0.005194307,0.004980564,0.00169203,0.0003436597,0.1321255,0.00003934484,0.006910387,0.2099474,0.6226633,0.001914407],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8227311,0.1216144,0.00005104336,0.006251272,0.003128684,0.0003606149,0.00001841977,0.00003265031,0.04581186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755883,0.02154251,0.0001163339,0.0002386612,0.0007829294,0.000003586247,6.84838e-7,0.00002453784,0.001702442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5909439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7751237,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}