{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":122,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":122,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"b9b73f4befe8","filters":{"topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials"}},"results":[{"id":"W2801544461","doi":"10.1016/j.mprp.2018.04.001","title":"Metal particle shape: A practical perspective","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metal Powder Report","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Smarter Alloys (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Powder metallurgy; Particle (ecology); Perspective (graphical); Particle size; Metallurgy; Metal; Compressibility; Metal powder; Composite material; Mechanics; Microstructure; Chemical engineering; Geometry; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03180947468433426,"gpt":0.3150798843600156,"spread":0.2832704096756813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006003313,0.0002355178,0.0003578093,0.00005902324,0.00007963796,0.00007154618,0.0001201451,0.0001066377,0.001859284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002531531,0.0002076091,0.0001543463,0.0001953041,0.0001490197,0.0003739408,0.0000852228,0.0001540545,0.0004572484],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000834141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004537885,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005939226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000115351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984173,0.00004758847,0.0004487411,0.0003514334,0.0003028955,0.0004320836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999104,0.00002535564,0.00007805778,0.0004793194,0.0001553384,0.000157958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007977573,0.0003705992,0.0002705877,0.00006742672,0.001205417,0.004007282,0.001096152,0.00001875581,0.932192,0.04383101,0.0146378,0.002223228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003747432,0.0002425006,0.001183016,0.00001676812,0.0002847082,0.004493717,0.0003158305,0.003385387,0.8222686,0.006370954,0.160386,0.0006777329],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9061646,0.000281473,0.009508364,0.0006006403,0.001535669,0.0003988612,0.000008811105,0.001790497,0.07971103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928666,0.00001356521,0.005059077,0.0001156647,0.0004185124,0.00006227424,0.000006377588,0.00006137812,0.001396584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1457482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026945128","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.124.208003","title":"Compaction Model for Highly Deformable Particle Assemblies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Chiang Mai University; McGill University","keywords":"Jamming; Compaction; Statistical physics; Modulus; Mechanics; Discrete element method; Compression (physics); Granular material; Finite element method; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Geology; Composite material; Condensed matter physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04617573657092039,"gpt":0.2895974975157084,"spread":0.243421760944788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005865603,0.0001015283,0.0002532801,0.000005563186,0.00002295388,0.00002059594,0.00008027478,0.00000592715,0.000006827749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001428098,0.00008584656,0.0001024436,0.00006463759,0.000009862076,0.0001726951,0.00001345056,0.00004540023,0.00004141046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001866615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002995841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000124593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.248341e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995041,0.000009620423,0.0001435608,0.00009522412,0.00007436931,0.0001731513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997775,0.00001829643,0.00002313121,0.00009520815,0.00001057736,0.00007531241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007850086,0.00002061146,0.000002262891,0.002758335,0.00003719317,6.445665e-7,0.0001023721,0.07048991,0.8689818,0.001737257,0.05410833,0.001753387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008473552,0.00001691794,0.000006484765,0.0001190233,0.00004476251,3.624795e-7,8.06398e-7,0.9300661,0.04418393,0.0001889535,0.02517078,0.000117162],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4339757,0.002374754,0.545535,0.01575134,0.0001343817,0.0008137134,0.00002487561,0.001094488,0.0002957335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845446,0.001301323,0.001709477,0.01217273,0.0001127648,0.0001237148,0.00000963379,0.00002230631,0.000003456432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8595762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3500721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060229267","doi":"10.1016/s0020-7683(01)00256-6","title":"Modeling of the metal powder compaction process using the cap model. Part II: Numerical implementation and practical applications","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; SNC-Lavalin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Compaction; Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Finite element method; Powder metallurgy; Metal powder; Projection (relational algebra); Point (geometry); Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Structural engineering; Algorithm; Metallurgy; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0413150398368155,"gpt":0.3450762782575332,"spread":0.3037612384207177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009656648,0.00006608134,0.0001041044,0.00003793007,0.00007642274,0.00003996752,0.00008323779,0.00002816045,0.00003785612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008445362,0.00003815886,0.00003794957,0.00003043367,0.00003620894,0.0001727586,0.00002829755,0.0001015357,5.167026e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001753817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001078427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009605847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001742809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994042,0.00001680501,0.0002642487,0.00004765168,0.0002046019,0.00006251471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996853,0.00001346897,0.0001101545,0.00004675476,0.0001192797,0.00002498269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004051336,0.00004767557,0.000248473,0.00005100607,0.0005027276,0.000002957206,0.001941514,0.9317227,0.04590383,0.01235874,0.0003975275,0.006782324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019551,0.00001958631,0.0001389749,0.00001682929,0.00007053555,0.0003850639,0.0003102554,0.9796868,0.008693276,0.01001694,0.0004028063,0.00006343013],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8686984,0.000220237,0.1302199,0.0004506579,0.0002049705,0.00009693062,0.00001765643,0.000009577793,0.0000816989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975068,0.0001425335,0.002159102,0.00004843086,0.0001302344,0.000003262436,9.066972e-7,0.000006618444,0.000002118938],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1288084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1556073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092732992","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2010.07.003","title":"Experimental calibration of density-dependent modified Drucker-Prager/Cap model using an instrumented cubic die for powder compact","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Compaction; Die (integrated circuit); Materials science; Composite material; Calibration; Stress (linguistics); Calibration curve; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Engineering; Mathematics; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03005323584963332,"gpt":0.281747186944676,"spread":0.2516939510950427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001703699,0.0002874554,0.0004552409,0.0003882418,0.0000890186,0.00003551005,0.0003216378,0.000451739,0.00006256883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002207554,0.000297734,0.00008559867,0.0001295557,0.0001349833,0.0003183126,0.00008479158,0.0002600325,0.000002656215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006260378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003559935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006674588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003447298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986359,0.00002024306,0.0004602548,0.0003191675,0.0001523476,0.0004120789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991673,0.00001514016,0.0001194704,0.0005475775,0.00006714321,0.00008342361],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000276592,0.0001279018,0.00003544848,0.00004255849,0.00005202864,0.000002686656,0.0001281905,0.005853835,0.9879129,0.005168131,0.00003062167,0.000618062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004487555,0.00007269401,0.00001065405,0.00001122734,0.00002563123,0.00002157561,0.00008628718,0.2822865,0.7120161,0.004747414,0.00006082516,0.0002123569],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8962297,0.00005307694,0.1015539,0.00007460244,0.0004100417,0.0005097043,0.00002536449,0.001010671,0.0001329641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984385,0.000008903021,0.01531583,0.00003423859,0.00004132435,0.00006136797,0.00004680223,0.00007949497,0.00002704621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2764326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125433525","doi":"10.1007/s11661-007-9191-9","title":"Machinability of Green Powder Metallurgy Components: Part I. Characterization of the Influence of Tool Wear","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Machinability; Machining; Powder metallurgy; Materials science; Metallurgy; Tool wear; Lubricant; Characterization (materials science); Sintering; Process (computing); Cutting tool; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Engineering; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008156186828934006,"gpt":0.2019126893090187,"spread":0.1937565024800846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006983298,0.0001622113,0.0005314565,0.00006770148,0.00004145899,0.0000131856,0.0001599069,0.0001150221,0.0005797338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001123895,0.0001226868,0.0001248485,0.0001674311,0.0002103131,0.000174581,0.00002224191,0.00006578949,0.000001109185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001155147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009876087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003734209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002019771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985311,0.00008623221,0.000853988,0.0001545313,0.0001934527,0.0001807156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999393,0.00003655279,0.0001803666,0.0002690941,0.00007367299,0.00004734967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005020893,0.00007793829,0.000008733521,0.0003768494,0.00009281363,7.938981e-7,0.00009618807,0.0003459077,0.9979826,0.0004839413,3.576211e-7,0.0004837001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003142798,0.00005033789,0.05054678,0.00008692341,0.0001534285,0.00001919503,0.00001436932,0.000134404,0.9453064,0.000307234,0.002908321,0.0001582849],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.959232,0.00002761315,0.03992121,0.00002345101,0.0002305979,0.0003032208,0.0001545058,0.00006258491,0.00004478962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992208,0.0001676364,0.0004442711,0.00001076553,0.00001646649,0.00001905709,0.00001450499,0.00001802851,0.00008842076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05267612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6347679,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067068638","doi":"10.1007/s00170-011-3211-z","title":"Modeling the powder compaction process using the finite element method and inverse optimization","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Compaction; Inverse; Inverse problem; Minification; Process (computing); Software; Algorithm; Engineering; Structural engineering; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02908096145704891,"gpt":0.2885324582443881,"spread":0.2594514967873391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004237729,0.0001087219,0.0001245734,0.0001495412,0.00009382676,0.00003368136,0.0005256293,0.00005416031,0.00002961134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003656173,0.0000567249,0.00003750535,0.00005402897,0.00005804029,0.0002064346,0.00008825747,0.0002488167,7.805153e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006357332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001207259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001038426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005001162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993061,0.00002842232,0.0003019001,0.00007114839,0.0001705638,0.0001218289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995182,0.0000440385,0.0001660669,0.0001453322,0.000110123,0.00001622794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003244918,0.000006796336,0.000003953371,0.000005151252,0.00009378824,0.000003425451,0.000307225,0.9882298,0.00726873,0.0002843343,0.000008097571,0.003756216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002161341,0.00002865368,0.00001107785,0.00004549787,0.0000423885,0.0002690112,0.0006687303,0.6083134,0.3706325,0.01931538,0.0003783373,0.00007892856],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3837567,0.00007988374,0.6150286,0.0005501996,0.0003606363,0.00009168642,0.000001421176,0.00006903526,0.0000618975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9423006,0.0003718634,0.05713639,0.0001011318,0.00006303794,0.00000688927,5.731359e-7,0.00001603256,0.000003442692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.558544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2313174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362591315","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118507","title":"Multiscale analysis of nano-powder compaction process using the FEM–MD technique","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Sharif University of Technology","keywords":"Compaction; Materials science; Finite element method; Molecular dynamics; Nano-; Multiscale modeling; Discrete element method; Representative elementary volume; Nanoparticle; Composite material; Deformation (meteorology); Mechanics; Structural engineering; Nanotechnology; Microstructure; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02253795801161099,"gpt":0.2942311132227479,"spread":0.2716931552111369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003234209,0.000219703,0.0005034973,0.001372193,0.0000950276,0.00002011434,0.0004118708,0.0003411688,0.0001028299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003911641,0.0001750816,0.0001423761,0.003762163,0.0001784653,0.0001003674,0.00009844241,0.0002123655,0.00004143604],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005652482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001683861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003851756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002412524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987394,0.00003404878,0.0004157551,0.0002470897,0.0001701278,0.0003936003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991583,0.00003976653,0.0001125186,0.000571835,0.00008363304,0.0000339334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005555442,0.00002959056,0.001525177,0.00009533451,0.0005943993,0.000006059065,0.0001557248,0.0120754,0.9829766,0.0006554304,0.0007758567,0.001104878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001321023,0.0000283543,0.0008815281,0.00003741789,0.000465221,0.00002352786,0.0002740266,0.04486787,0.9468773,0.002443644,0.003702305,0.0002667335],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9688187,0.0001877471,0.02563829,0.0002175196,0.0002454412,0.0005348077,0.00004506737,0.003722295,0.0005900923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981435,0.0001370974,0.001374252,0.00002087164,0.0000212411,0.0001947446,0.00002305844,0.00005003517,0.0000352298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03609932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7139623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038234935","doi":"10.1007/s11837-006-0172-z","title":"Titanium investiment casting defects: A metallographic overview","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JOM","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Casting; Titanium; Metallurgy; Materials science; Titanium alloy; Aerospace; Investment casting; Welding; Alloy; Engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01583890835987529,"gpt":0.2143851560155452,"spread":0.1985462476556699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001375494,0.0001229402,0.000171005,0.00007001042,0.0000287309,0.00003844556,0.00007899149,0.00005502226,0.0001391903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006607519,0.0001143997,0.00007294033,0.0001293631,0.00001508648,0.00007626798,0.00002750983,0.00005712372,0.00004770077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002798052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005308561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001429885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003963887,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993965,0.00001672031,0.0001872318,0.0001084519,0.00009083689,0.0002002436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997537,0.00001345644,0.00002426418,0.0001591735,0.00001135373,0.00003804462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003865935,0.00007588399,0.0005418601,0.0005890615,0.0001509006,0.00009026061,0.0000460426,0.003695413,0.9270881,0.03323696,0.03281705,0.001664541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007016935,0.0001280709,0.01174835,0.0003363379,0.0002830159,0.0001396209,0.00001845287,0.00833673,0.300604,0.02348971,0.65292,0.001294047],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.859161,0.01370095,0.02249597,0.0001073201,0.001533249,0.0006291237,0.00002662219,0.004096692,0.0982491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911507,0.0001349216,0.008203552,0.00009627456,0.0001151566,0.00004164264,0.00001078708,0.00003486963,0.0002120968],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6264842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4665083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067676196","doi":"10.1016/s1006-706x(08)60264-2","title":"Simulation of Gas Flow Field in Laval Nozzle and Straight Nozzle for Powder Metallurgy and Spray Forming","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Body orifice; Spray nozzle; Discharge coefficient; Mechanics; Rocket engine nozzle; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Mechanical engineering; Spray characteristics; Metallurgy; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05177115227772825,"gpt":0.3458929150243269,"spread":0.2941217627465986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007325885,0.00006623282,0.0001707221,0.0002686444,0.00003347797,0.00002762126,0.00007357067,0.00005712985,0.00008377102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002221941,0.00005587086,0.00003223115,0.00003941379,0.00004656654,0.0002477128,0.00003701828,0.00013952,1.455623e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002492022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002281295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001097975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002214035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991921,0.00002734446,0.0003090454,0.0000712836,0.0002687762,0.0001314424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993875,0.0003019616,0.00005696293,0.00004068029,0.0001509833,0.00006190049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002040895,0.0004444786,0.005817282,0.001229975,0.0005887623,0.0002516667,0.004384304,0.04629941,0.8064129,0.01042182,0.00479777,0.1173107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006566271,0.00195496,0.02664594,0.0005984606,0.00004410324,0.000585965,0.0004764229,0.674872,0.2081447,0.00426519,0.07531983,0.0005261333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992102,0.0003591248,0.005973167,0.0002677558,0.0001517457,0.0001210678,0.00001090637,0.000006557837,0.001007674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951165,0.0009874514,0.003570175,0.00001265813,0.00008802959,0.000003839972,0.000002010378,0.000008671547,0.0002106563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6285726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2278348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901389557","doi":"10.1007/s12540-018-00215-w","title":"Preparation and Characterization of Iron Matrix Syntactic Foams with Glass Microspheres via Powder Metallurgy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals and Materials International","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; Manitoba Medical Service Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Glass microsphere; Syntactic foam; Composite material; Compaction; Lubricant; Microsphere; Microstructure; Powder metallurgy; Brittleness; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005667309862616356,"gpt":0.2422695002852333,"spread":0.236602190422617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002126849,0.0001702679,0.0002837924,0.00007061703,0.00003770292,0.0001186218,0.00008699897,0.00007420074,0.0006597274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009272409,0.0001385219,0.00002072746,0.00004118959,0.00009478691,0.0003570871,0.00005266198,0.00002479418,0.000007740156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001573366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007385285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004513086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000108489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991619,0.00003472291,0.0003395606,0.0001880908,0.0001431828,0.0001325415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996065,0.00001422778,0.000131696,0.0001201405,0.00008707093,0.00004040126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000935272,0.00001685352,0.00002445842,0.00008320171,0.0001112661,0.000001230393,0.00008478906,0.000003561014,0.9974326,0.001661334,0.00001806868,0.0004690491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000280349,0.0001411802,0.002714054,0.00004631016,0.00006707659,0.00005431211,0.000007521487,0.0004631738,0.991576,0.0003264453,0.004155661,0.0001679495],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98243,0.00007605756,0.01606371,0.00003840861,0.0006645881,0.0002011883,0.00007030329,0.0001062068,0.000349554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959784,0.0002396201,0.003170699,0.00002505378,0.0001622852,0.00003671357,0.00009648245,0.00002983874,0.0002609032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01354842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7223553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2385101484","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2016.05.025","title":"Study of the effect of microstructure heterogeneity on fatigue crack propagation of low-alloyed PM steels","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Tortuosity; Scanning electron microscope; Metallurgy; Optical microscope; Paris' law; Fracture (geology); Fracture mechanics; Fatigue testing; Composite material; Crack closure; Porosity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008545894694049828,"gpt":0.223138995491231,"spread":0.2145931007971812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006130048,0.0001277021,0.0002833662,0.00008538373,0.000025678,0.00001764187,0.0002185029,0.00004156227,0.000007406167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009239146,0.00006750368,0.00002267819,0.0001586395,0.0001001645,0.000103218,0.00006623758,0.0000220285,3.121617e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002098337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009748904,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001202764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.316194e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991708,0.00003050009,0.0002877421,0.0001359032,0.0002268727,0.0001482283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955,0.00003269218,0.00008204468,0.0002623613,0.00004535863,0.00002752031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001481351,0.00001018246,0.0002317726,0.0002887331,0.000009623491,2.651441e-7,0.0001068196,0.00177106,0.9973638,0.00002145857,0.000003886506,0.0001775547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002802852,0.0003190479,0.01606332,0.0002177099,0.00001134566,0.000002111479,0.000005948464,0.00006638963,0.9829473,0.000005213966,0.000007423856,0.0000739145],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988835,0.00001137467,0.0002575259,0.00000428536,0.0003844507,0.0003723901,0.00002469533,0.00005185974,0.00000992553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998528,0.000008202784,0.00008710398,0.000001354312,0.00001547051,0.0000198128,2.993467e-7,0.00001233975,0.000002553603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01583154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.275272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087756540","doi":"10.1248/cpb.c14-00190","title":"Effect of Process Variables on the Drucker–Prager Cap Model and Residual Stress Distribution of Tablets Estimated by the Finite Element Method","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cybernet Systems Corporation (Canada)","funders":"Hoshi University; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","keywords":"Tableting; Residual stress; Finite element method; Granulation; Materials science; Residual; Composite material; Mathematics; Structural engineering; Engineering; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01516257124252224,"gpt":0.3008938148977276,"spread":0.2857312436552054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008062746,0.0001468201,0.0002378234,0.000008230841,0.00003683113,0.00001702782,0.0001113918,0.00007638553,0.000117651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000185696,0.00007881829,0.00002415862,0.000044772,0.0001204356,0.00001212755,0.00005531949,0.0001583472,0.000001630791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006935948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000331795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000534439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.901145e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991895,0.0001334051,0.0002267532,0.0001397991,0.0001344403,0.000176113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988472,0.0009091934,0.00004110393,0.0001144147,0.00002469784,0.00006337021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002884479,0.00007625778,0.00002615394,0.001387142,0.00008795092,5.665008e-7,0.00007278251,0.005984402,0.9737974,0.002702418,0.007351805,0.008224704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002943777,0.00004915906,0.000004016357,0.00007428721,0.00005902819,0.000001574406,0.000002647581,0.1549657,0.8396416,0.0004309929,0.004398128,0.00007842726],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729908,0.0003025546,0.02460803,0.0009815113,0.00003324045,0.0003691393,0.0001735407,0.00007982612,0.0004614175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991586,0.0001044548,0.0004883072,0.00009305026,0.00001917305,0.0000514826,0.00005737357,0.00001235439,0.00001519782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1489813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3214116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971090248","doi":"10.4236/msa.2012.38073","title":"A Study on Wear Resistance, Hardness and Impact Behaviour of Carburized Fe-Based Powder Metallurgy Parts for Automotive Applications","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Sciences and Applications","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Carburizing; Materials science; Metallurgy; Powder metallurgy; Wear resistance; Case hardening; Hardening (computing); Toughness; Quenching (fluorescence); Hardness; Carbide; Composite material; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03012919591306757,"gpt":0.3104246445143742,"spread":0.2802954486013066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006098171,0.0001611362,0.0003013484,0.0001018011,0.0001982387,0.00009295839,0.0001373286,0.00004923452,0.00003426829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007715638,0.0001286222,0.00003774666,0.0001742235,0.000155004,0.0001264306,0.00003030833,0.00002445615,0.000002114196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001755494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002105247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003078983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005604571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990691,0.00003643449,0.0002868899,0.0002275191,0.0001252251,0.0002548395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994916,0.00004796208,0.00009408472,0.0002197475,0.00004852906,0.00009805902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006726901,0.0009309565,0.001495293,0.0003406546,0.0001270297,3.005249e-7,0.0008869833,0.0003109881,0.9710847,0.02329772,0.0004895905,0.0009685318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001685669,0.0005441307,0.03274648,0.00008966055,0.0004363487,0.000007482288,0.001226479,0.0001903411,0.9330444,0.004234493,0.02487019,0.0009243464],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739953,0.0002300421,0.02220696,0.00005634513,0.0001079709,0.002490923,0.000396498,0.0001734656,0.000342451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931843,0.00003161439,0.00274135,0.00001712131,0.00006505868,0.003870175,0.00001900086,0.00001825722,0.00005308818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0380403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5245059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317771809","doi":"10.1016/j.cirpj.2022.12.018","title":"Analysis of machining green compacts of a sinter-hardenable powder metallurgy steel: A perspective of material removal mechanism","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Ministry of Education, India","keywords":"Machining; Materials science; Metallurgy; Machinability; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Powder metallurgy; Tool wear; Microstructure; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01303486389158505,"gpt":0.2505381425105917,"spread":0.2375032786190066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001237326,0.000149205,0.0007943385,0.00297713,0.00004987321,0.00002199799,0.0005154477,0.0001137352,0.0000555219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001091996,0.0001270602,0.0001247473,0.001227373,0.0004465074,0.0002313433,0.0001848547,0.0001478793,5.689685e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006099227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006424254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008643688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007731908,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985038,0.0000242745,0.0006249226,0.0001734333,0.0003842432,0.0002893347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988771,0.0000372426,0.0004611994,0.000248839,0.0003132672,0.00006236596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003493712,0.00002537064,0.00003451501,0.0001127729,0.0006805713,0.00005459096,0.0004981335,0.0009676728,0.9910936,0.004872152,0.00001342972,0.001612285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002246393,0.0002053281,0.001220854,0.00009109465,0.0003344247,0.0001395718,0.0008752946,0.001262908,0.9865569,0.008886011,0.00009338272,0.000109606],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982522,0.0001012621,0.0007726037,0.0001123978,0.0002378813,0.00007212378,0.00001722295,0.00009278722,0.0003415643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984396,0.0001203421,0.001383902,0.000004811923,0.00001542121,0.000001286755,7.765089e-7,0.0000136318,0.00002023767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004536685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5181364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062931263","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.032","title":"Application of a piston equation to describe die compaction of powders","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","keywords":"Compaction; Relative density; Piston (optics); Die (integrated circuit); Materials science; Pressing; Powder metallurgy; Fabrication; Porosity; Deformation (meteorology); Particle (ecology); Metal powder; Composite material; Metallurgy; Metal; Nanotechnology; Microstructure; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03184201060196346,"gpt":0.2589004766769356,"spread":0.2270584660749721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000175328,0.0001045458,0.0002450946,0.0003761686,0.00001021663,0.000003522151,0.0001551535,0.0001600903,0.000008898272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005507017,0.0001102297,0.00002955116,0.0002999328,0.00005317026,0.00006820252,0.00003734635,0.00006293643,0.00001828749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007794048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001437842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001275588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001933558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992979,0.00001261675,0.0003021806,0.0001232372,0.0001121211,0.0001519699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994569,0.00001052985,0.00008275973,0.0002980473,0.0001037978,0.00004795712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002514208,0.00005186687,0.0003275572,0.0000902923,0.00003537962,6.000213e-7,0.0003208036,0.002007692,0.9618263,0.009581307,0.0006899715,0.0250431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002649188,0.0001623808,0.0002593506,0.00002636397,0.0000228805,0.000006105195,0.0002938471,0.004090787,0.9751779,0.01004684,0.009497486,0.0001511562],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5437989,0.0001657074,0.4535057,0.0002722983,0.0001703642,0.0003235108,0.00000823992,0.0007007496,0.001054519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916759,0.00001750825,0.008159173,0.00001764496,0.00001307895,0.0000711499,0.00001115358,0.00002159285,0.0000128261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4478769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4495037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385258458","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.2c07278","title":"Modeling of the Sintered Density in Cu-Al Alloy Using Machine Learning Approaches","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Alloy; Materials science; Metallurgy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07035813641689961,"gpt":0.2468662652836267,"spread":0.1765081288667271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003160738,0.00009544827,0.0001727964,0.00008700124,0.00003233949,0.00001551831,0.0001479435,0.00005369523,0.000002687082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003788128,0.00007736566,0.0000462287,0.0002227445,0.00001553133,0.00007042183,0.0001268284,0.0001389349,0.000003289643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003031749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007078403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002820904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007568989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993858,0.00003736493,0.0002004112,0.000103644,0.00009375093,0.0001790814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997682,0.00001549454,0.0000237553,0.0001647304,0.00001007384,0.00001773946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004788299,0.00000722188,0.001017488,0.00005202607,0.00001744203,0.000003259303,0.0002674229,0.7239894,0.2742568,0.0001216145,0.00001858986,0.0002438755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009462513,0.000004816296,0.0003744055,0.00004655979,0.00000716609,0.000003507814,0.00004338805,0.9618458,0.03710539,0.0002345031,0.0001558275,0.0000840795],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99606,0.0000592493,0.003142516,0.00003579942,0.0001459474,0.00009025013,0.000002694925,0.0002614053,0.0002021868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989319,0.00003597742,0.0009229771,0.00001508106,0.0000165109,0.000004948025,0.000005161702,0.00002633313,0.0000411427],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2378563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.315488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010473026","doi":"10.1007/s11661-007-9187-5","title":"Machinability of Green Powder Metallurgy Components: Part II. Sintered Properties of Components Machined in Green State","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Machinability; Materials science; Machining; Powder metallurgy; Sintering; Metallurgy; Lubricant; Tool wear; Process (computing); Cutting tool; Raw material; Composite material; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02460607186026801,"gpt":0.2236472684752533,"spread":0.1990411966149853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001010051,0.0003099154,0.000973806,0.0002197434,0.00006315778,0.00002637727,0.0001932479,0.0001383056,0.0007618197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007715965,0.0002659326,0.000144887,0.0001787899,0.0002236345,0.0002272354,0.00004554418,0.0001276176,0.000003075618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003615526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001031289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006705983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006765617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976839,0.0001437707,0.001251169,0.0002963631,0.0002383944,0.0003864039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993637,0.0000321746,0.0001439813,0.0002737455,0.00006023629,0.0001261937],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003832913,0.0004016434,0.00000964604,0.0007575127,0.0002181784,0.00001580721,0.0003515176,0.0002850158,0.9956625,0.0001640305,0.000001985102,0.001748837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001886522,0.0002391071,0.008413601,0.0002714476,0.0001977075,0.00007034609,0.00006221851,0.001793731,0.9803506,0.001253559,0.004883717,0.0005774169],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9759124,0.0002594471,0.02256251,0.00005556747,0.0003204122,0.0004742519,0.0001302928,0.0001626727,0.0001224675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998512,0.0001982715,0.0008476941,0.00001450449,0.00001893835,0.00004182125,0.00003278006,0.00003962625,0.0002943291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02259966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1833701724","doi":"10.1139/p2012-057","title":"Hot isostatic pressing process simulation: application to metal powders","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hot isostatic pressing; Work (physics); Physics; Pressing; Tungsten; Deformation (meteorology); Mechanics; Process (computing); Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Alloy; Materials science; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01652277330787628,"gpt":0.2605521355928488,"spread":0.2440293622849726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001305432,0.00008378649,0.000138585,0.0000813319,0.00004068971,0.00003659783,0.0001030174,0.00003012348,0.00002797964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001666323,0.00008322666,0.0000395178,0.0001316616,0.00001233218,0.000353071,0.000002827209,0.00007030074,0.00001168142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000760244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009008683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000930954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006287044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994545,0.00001092049,0.0001899126,0.00003933393,0.00008684253,0.0002185039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993854,0.00001364187,0.00006388619,0.00008574235,0.0000720626,0.0003792642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001146097,0.00002996571,0.0006044704,0.0002617404,0.0001668318,0.000009164809,0.005387135,0.8856627,0.04812298,0.002469476,0.001789233,0.05548485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001403873,0.0003620474,0.0118965,0.0008561162,0.0006971648,0.0001914614,0.001228666,0.1134946,0.600316,0.01764483,0.2494507,0.002457985],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4787644,0.0002654028,0.5191023,0.00005717009,0.0005226535,0.0001735248,0.00001197938,0.00004343094,0.001059124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977884,0.000002434489,0.00171431,0.00007988224,0.0003735104,0.000005147885,0.000002554921,0.00002264072,0.00001111115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7721682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3393885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034454516","doi":"10.1179/003258900665899","title":"Effect of temperature on the behaviour of lubricants during powder compaction","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Metallurgy","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Lubricant; Compaction; Materials science; Coefficient of friction; Die (integrated circuit); Composite material; Friction coefficient; Iron powder; Shear stress; Metallurgy; Shear (geology); Slip (aerodynamics); Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007347113130059718,"gpt":0.2288711007352385,"spread":0.2215239876051787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004464101,0.0002825361,0.0005423689,0.0001203419,0.00005809276,0.00002232788,0.0002535106,0.0001329604,0.002663848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002181727,0.0001877604,0.0002045493,0.0002235619,0.00007165548,0.000110726,0.00002374765,0.0001983744,0.00004562009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003449501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008622029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006978287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002948155,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986093,0.0001783529,0.0004310854,0.0001947337,0.0002923837,0.0002941199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992142,0.0001219067,0.00008881094,0.0004756135,0.00003390299,0.00006555856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020106,0.0001007791,0.0001551321,0.000295762,0.0002947955,0.00001138736,0.0001948632,0.002335584,0.9915472,0.0003962605,0.0007960581,0.003671109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000420251,0.000220127,0.005673937,0.00009834897,0.0001079668,0.00002989238,0.00001421707,0.0001613347,0.9916617,0.00004160126,0.001361401,0.0002092628],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940839,0.0001606543,0.00001264499,0.00005740123,0.0002473086,0.0003307395,0.00002098095,0.0002201506,0.004866195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990819,0.0001464551,0.00004465915,0.00002952687,0.00005081687,0.00004376088,0.00001008823,0.00005489579,0.0005379565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005518805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123822365","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v1n4p48","title":"Effects of Graphite Content and Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Iron-Based Powder Metallurgy Parts","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science Research","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Graphite; Sintering; Pearlite; Brinell scale; Powder metallurgy; Ferrite (magnet); Metallurgy; Porosity; Scanning electron microscope; Compaction; Iron powder; Composite material; Metallography; Austenite; Ultimate tensile strength","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04400795616625769,"gpt":0.2922485339825062,"spread":0.2482405778162485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003768392,0.0001263166,0.0004354647,0.000391921,0.00006957202,0.000079654,0.0002282054,0.00009192002,0.00002027911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002751881,0.00007882464,0.00003933708,0.0002064748,0.0005740683,0.0002880269,0.00008348777,0.0001577365,3.731643e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002667771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006203832,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001110724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.174848e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982572,0.0001841679,0.0004276719,0.0001116348,0.0006462117,0.0003730668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991822,0.00008848316,0.0001306213,0.000135946,0.0002844129,0.0001783398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001133362,0.00003764467,0.00001714142,0.0006366374,0.00001564016,0.000003831135,0.0001177865,0.0000188726,0.9985561,0.0003743879,0.00002347304,0.00008511551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003150194,0.000322388,0.004047216,0.0003835879,0.00001587915,0.00004527973,0.00004157106,0.00001229759,0.994571,0.00008888928,0.00008055069,0.00007628847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979084,0.001407192,0.00001069438,0.00006962331,0.0003673947,0.0002117527,0.000006539085,0.00001000193,0.000008420596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99893,0.0003902562,0.0005753711,0.00001441466,0.000064551,0.000005964878,2.176251e-7,0.00001340899,0.00000575401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004030074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3214376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072194581","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2010.12.024","title":"An integrated study of die powder fill, transfer and compaction process using digital image correlation method","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Compaction; Materials science; Porosity; Homogeneity (statistics); Composite material; Die (integrated circuit); Relative density; Pressing; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0264491560492268,"gpt":0.2875589839658946,"spread":0.2611098279166678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001277034,0.0001939692,0.0003299089,0.0003563041,0.00004086256,0.00002651431,0.0001409741,0.0002169653,0.00006471307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001637131,0.0001787455,0.00002400878,0.0002513514,0.00007932632,0.0004848957,0.00002036791,0.0001697906,0.000003893842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002630097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009390994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007334732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001754088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99913,0.00003226391,0.0003249123,0.0002235853,0.00008526131,0.0002039441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995725,0.00001190992,0.00004290637,0.0002464786,0.00008456847,0.00004169495],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001942701,0.001578207,0.01115711,0.0003250079,0.0004441541,0.00004291208,0.01120792,0.001079979,0.9232315,0.0008768621,0.00003855118,0.04982349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002111155,0.001808213,0.007492531,0.0001167373,0.0003210448,0.0002044536,0.01287908,0.06536791,0.9010401,0.007162716,0.0004888354,0.001007262],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8010182,0.00004087219,0.1975074,0.000005657111,0.00009505832,0.0003129817,0.00001862444,0.0007592955,0.0002418727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916098,0.000009349868,0.008281669,0.000004094176,0.000008240117,0.00002811657,0.00001276882,0.00004178503,0.000004228249],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1905915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7289031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965940670","doi":"10.1007/s00170-013-4977-y","title":"Improvement in robustness and computational efficiency of material models for finite element analysis of metal powder compaction and experimental validation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Subroutine; Compaction; Robustness (evolution); Instability; Materials science; Metal powder; Yield surface; Constitutive equation; Computer science; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Composite material; Metal; Engineering; Metallurgy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01019136049243506,"gpt":0.2560993800022702,"spread":0.2459080195098351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001777395,0.00008440886,0.0002461317,0.00053578,0.00001379973,0.00001473717,0.000158104,0.00004113713,0.00002158994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001015728,0.00006607996,0.00004469019,0.00006580232,0.00005446389,0.0001987266,0.00005696187,0.00005248718,3.389191e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005276317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006402962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001760888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002306191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992314,0.000009081233,0.0004588814,0.00007217054,0.0001469544,0.00008150549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995085,0.00005262743,0.0002590919,0.00006056889,0.0001059051,0.00001327916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004688524,0.00003005115,0.00001246379,0.00001324247,0.000242521,3.410674e-7,0.0000566863,0.7192867,0.2778675,0.0004063993,0.000002042969,0.002035173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004864692,0.0001148137,0.0003401864,0.00002182939,0.00006057624,0.000007826222,0.0001586945,0.1258254,0.8667364,0.006187595,0.00000873154,0.00005144188],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8839018,0.00007013808,0.1155645,0.00009869113,0.000159971,0.0001679126,0.00001635319,0.00001534335,0.000005317638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887358,0.00006796115,0.01113986,0.000005998815,0.00001178374,0.00002108569,0.0000092603,0.000006975996,0.000001302245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5934613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2694662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2588437364","doi":"10.3390/met7020060","title":"Role of Microstructure Heterogeneity on Fatigue Crack Propagation of Low-Alloyed PM Steels in the As-Sintered Condition","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Volume fraction; Metallurgy; Fracture mechanics; Porosity; Paris' law; Crack closure; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02009066360772338,"gpt":0.2825259866625246,"spread":0.2624353230548012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003402244,0.0001176131,0.0002667912,0.00005846723,0.00003467591,0.00004097043,0.0002838753,0.00008222716,0.00005652093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006180149,0.00008464758,0.00007345802,0.00002899442,0.00005259245,0.000145083,0.00002761573,0.00006673868,0.000005653084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001636323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006638978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004214514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003257093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992589,0.0000713372,0.0003152767,0.0001082365,0.0001336161,0.0001125755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992846,0.00002097247,0.0001904364,0.0004542062,0.00003395011,0.00001582433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001712946,0.0000250784,0.00006897129,0.0001021033,0.00002993643,9.310945e-7,0.000190456,0.0005483888,0.9978616,0.0004634048,0.00005702465,0.0006350282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002140341,0.00005700471,0.01554424,0.00008753704,0.00001731518,0.00000284445,0.00002326151,0.0003061634,0.9819192,0.00134957,0.0003998655,0.00007890211],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978045,0.00006617458,0.0004545295,0.00002875943,0.0001011202,0.0003571332,0.00005691382,0.0000359207,0.001095013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999507,0.00002077249,0.0003347902,0.00002446461,0.00002354464,0.00002916446,0.00002618179,0.00001462945,0.00001944447],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01594229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3451828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921361572","doi":"10.3390/ma12050800","title":"Characterization of the Hot Anode Paste Compaction Process: A Computational and Experimental Study","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"ABB (Canada); Université Laval; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Constitutive equation; Materials science; Subroutine; Compaction; Anode; Viscoplasticity; Finite element method; Nonlinear system; Compressibility; Mechanics; Work (physics); Composite material; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008523747283231863,"gpt":0.2342517041603682,"spread":0.2257279568771363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000115887,0.00008277502,0.0001706121,0.00002670333,0.00002111887,0.00003843088,0.00005901644,0.00002717632,0.0002249869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000187302,0.00006202941,0.00001181475,0.00003923069,0.00001368942,0.0001091079,0.00002623234,0.00001570522,0.00000664081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001390194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004813844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008198929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.495464e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995047,0.0000386936,0.0002021885,0.00008329756,0.00009872203,0.00007233531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998035,0.000005275762,0.00006404682,0.00009561223,0.00001811491,0.00001339868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001808971,0.00005001011,0.0004574554,0.00006585709,0.00001434865,1.263124e-7,0.0004882739,0.0003026905,0.998541,0.00004223235,0.000005445921,0.00001446474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002666392,0.00006733531,0.03175434,0.00002600484,0.000007690966,0.000003418899,0.0001310743,0.0003027682,0.9672517,0.00005281356,0.00006552336,0.00007067437],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986351,0.000006415572,0.0001583406,0.000007204389,0.0004653923,0.0005115516,0.00003394841,0.00008858717,0.0000935166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998075,0.000001550387,0.00005812722,0.00001654509,0.00002634842,0.00003286604,0.00002059483,0.00001478475,0.00002165688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03129688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2529486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1846727367","doi":"10.1155/2015/283843","title":"Finite Element Simulation of the Compaction and Springback of Alumix 321 PM Alloy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Compaction; Finite element method; Powder metallurgy; Alloy; Materials science; Aluminium; Work (physics); Constitutive equation; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Sintering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03136383775401463,"gpt":0.2560929727836124,"spread":0.2247291350295977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004418133,0.00006888201,0.0002354699,0.00004457463,0.00000830843,0.000008156788,0.000081273,0.00003714315,0.00001058847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002570542,0.00004735974,0.00004103432,0.00004714009,0.00002008214,0.00004428179,0.00002557385,0.00005996522,6.426811e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002386146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001236421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.12687e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.975871e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992392,0.000005683561,0.0004761096,0.00002686659,0.0001910366,0.00006111878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993678,0.00005292793,0.0003619187,0.0001097687,0.00007284754,0.00003473683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003103759,0.0001069853,0.0000276729,0.0006902329,0.0001316589,6.261324e-7,0.001797322,0.7874334,0.203159,0.005326716,0.0003695711,0.0009257812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00119814,0.0001630202,0.0003388409,0.000374654,0.0002197436,0.0000200595,0.0007077459,0.3556863,0.6042227,0.03295628,0.003913335,0.0001991425],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8806559,0.00004686627,0.1166683,0.00001821255,0.0001732046,0.0001771549,0.000003071691,0.00001994781,0.002237305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9692718,0.00003718099,0.03063632,0.000004945303,0.0000314514,9.643628e-7,2.4541e-7,0.00001110929,0.000005979673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.431747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1931274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973766145","doi":"10.1179/003258903225010479","title":"Effect of tool coatings on ejection characteristics of iron powder compacts","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Metallurgy","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Lubricant; Coating; Metallurgy; Surface finish; Lubrication; Surface roughness; Rod; Core (optical fiber); Compaction; Lamination; Powder metallurgy; Composite material; Sintering; Layer (electronics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008630775608621324,"gpt":0.2334912307644802,"spread":0.2248604551558589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008187228,0.0003297896,0.0007938919,0.0001996727,0.00003336529,0.00002132939,0.0001546846,0.0001592633,0.0005205856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002419077,0.0002907374,0.00018765,0.0001945519,0.00006522614,0.0001301028,0.00002397038,0.0001493681,0.00003719411],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004816671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001694112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000292233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001175842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982712,0.0002143934,0.0006597369,0.000223299,0.0002966846,0.0003346512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990264,0.0001937083,0.0002212939,0.0004140727,0.00006597408,0.00007858457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001258699,0.0001172464,0.0002448742,0.001131309,0.0001743701,0.000007972963,0.0001963647,0.0006284672,0.9869514,0.005957152,0.000454443,0.004010567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005912628,0.0006660452,0.001182644,0.0001140824,0.0001300271,0.00001450406,0.00001073414,0.0002963405,0.9885564,0.0001404273,0.007988162,0.0003093453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873567,0.00008990046,0.002561845,0.000008415622,0.0007646467,0.0003584403,0.0000214293,0.0002669965,0.008571625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990987,0.0000746688,0.0004565598,0.0000345653,0.000043607,0.00003213358,0.00002338949,0.00006958398,0.0001667569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01174203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981587207","doi":"10.1111/jace.16871","title":"Quasi‐static confined uniaxial compaction of granular alumina and boron carbide observing the particle size effects","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Army Research Laboratory; Research and Development; Technische Universiteit Delft; European Regional Development Fund; Ministry of Education","keywords":"Materials science; Boron carbide; Particle size; Compaction; Porosity; Composite material; Particle (ecology); Grain size; Granular material; Hydrostatic pressure; Bulk modulus; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005114531496047944,"gpt":0.215149151275494,"spread":0.210034619779446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004163576,0.0001020725,0.0003320288,0.000006274224,0.00004285626,0.00002308424,0.0001844219,0.00002394169,0.00001099479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004892163,0.00006091772,0.0001777292,0.000118173,0.0001365065,0.00007419895,0.00003668933,0.0001566486,6.925092e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005958627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002140784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001963949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002895529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992376,0.0001113251,0.0002788868,0.00005715485,0.0001695817,0.000145481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991111,0.0002910636,0.0003302432,0.0001898446,0.00004129075,0.00003650315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003622505,0.00003477386,0.004041447,0.0001687861,0.0001922494,0.000001265044,0.001444429,0.001355653,0.9899423,0.00006176621,0.0009277114,0.001793353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002188992,0.001213778,0.4434095,0.0004071636,0.000576255,0.0001723247,0.003821927,0.06197187,0.4820934,0.001102248,0.002587765,0.0004547365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983513,0.0001645643,0.0005174449,0.0003942972,0.000363003,0.0001505795,0.000002222254,0.00002442738,0.00003210095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987275,0.000241727,0.0007061639,0.0002341391,0.00004989703,0.00000173894,1.717246e-7,0.00001677796,0.00002186819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5078489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2484153,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3030668717","doi":"10.1520/mpc20190205","title":"Solidification Structures in Low-Alloyed Powder Metallurgy Steels Obtained through Permanent Liquid Phase Sintering Using a Master Alloy Containing Boron","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Performance and Characterization","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Innovation and Economic Development Trois Rivières; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Boron; Molybdenum; Boride; Metallurgy; Sintering; Alloy; Powder metallurgy; Scanning electron microscope; Phase (matter); Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03115675048379921,"gpt":0.2510567583892827,"spread":0.2199000079054834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001744665,0.0003163135,0.0004647826,0.00009163199,0.0000782402,0.0002000756,0.0001276068,0.0001407811,0.0002469725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008251461,0.0003116268,0.00003308716,0.00011712,0.0000304619,0.001014977,0.00007302496,0.00008437606,0.000007320299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006145285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001591849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001422652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001045996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984824,0.00005885718,0.0006549155,0.0003086721,0.0001453741,0.0003497997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995629,0.000006764454,0.0001540212,0.0001625879,0.00003809686,0.00007565167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003584472,0.00002067013,0.00002456054,0.0004794867,0.00002677274,0.000006359527,0.001948633,0.00067571,0.9959347,0.0000822349,0.000001589846,0.0004408798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001078476,0.000277754,0.001693468,0.0002054386,0.00003566894,0.00001884509,0.0001092394,0.02728933,0.9680838,0.00001470292,0.0007815294,0.0004117493],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930148,0.00002764253,0.005710969,0.00007749872,0.000368808,0.0004197334,0.00004710842,0.0002860343,0.00004741408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980071,0.0004459316,0.0004247758,0.0002799445,0.0002253615,0.00005799027,0.0004812181,0.00006879572,0.000008853769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02785086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3142877553","doi":"","title":"Simulation of Gas Flow Field in Laval Nozzle and Straight Nozzle for Powder Metallurgy and Spray Forming","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"钢铁研究学报：英文版","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Spray nozzle; Powder metallurgy; Metallurgy; Spray forming; Tuyere; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Field (mathematics); Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Mathematics; Blast furnace; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01639376058461489,"gpt":0.2420300006760388,"spread":0.2256362400914239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001602319,0.0001383099,0.0002766805,0.0001015588,0.00003630991,0.00001398779,0.00005514397,0.0001102041,0.0000892869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005390927,0.0001333896,0.0000420013,0.00006091904,0.00002735956,0.000191594,0.00002951133,0.00006032958,9.929946e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001235984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009610594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007434323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001510844,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992806,0.00001199961,0.0002747354,0.0001503708,0.00008105655,0.0002012839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996265,0.0001371071,0.00003952422,0.0001250225,0.0000239084,0.00004800692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003179978,0.0002286744,0.001606888,0.001853345,0.0003210907,0.00007280987,0.007974433,0.09768067,0.8307409,0.003413864,0.002284832,0.05350448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001986634,0.0003340437,0.002681662,0.0001477292,0.00007571209,0.00004659533,0.0001405182,0.3239036,0.6363883,0.001119008,0.0325223,0.0006539414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.974612,0.0003056746,0.02330415,0.00004771164,0.0001449154,0.0003136697,0.00001754885,0.0001108143,0.001143513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911208,0.0001773988,0.008413432,0.00003469187,0.00004959083,0.00002645761,0.00001046953,0.00002590016,0.0001412617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2262229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5439472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3109409144","doi":"10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006098","title":"Powder Metallurgy Stainless Steels Applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Powder Metallurgy","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Drive & Gear (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Powder metallurgy; Metallurgy; Thermal expansion; Thermal conductivity; Brake; Thermal diffusivity; Composite material; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0357321914600912,"gpt":0.2495526535293953,"spread":0.2138204620693042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009573105,0.001743981,0.002304006,0.000795538,0.0001679178,0.0002819258,0.001326903,0.001331891,0.009458733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003231133,0.001758581,0.0008335675,0.0001840197,0.0002814308,0.0004464068,0.0004587164,0.0009639448,0.003163713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004675891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002475549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000395631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003603572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946147,0.00008340281,0.001646909,0.001241188,0.001185198,0.001228635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959769,0.0001199112,0.0004510133,0.002212346,0.0004775505,0.0007623007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006065974,0.0001869546,5.54587e-7,0.001358661,0.005140447,0.0002765509,0.0002754518,0.002485851,0.007100448,0.8767315,0.07743654,0.02894637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004592421,0.00006849205,0.000001743923,0.0001171769,0.0007524618,0.0001020212,0.00002136146,0.0001855498,0.00163005,0.05508014,0.9398142,0.001767618],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003594322,0.01170147,0.02852903,0.0001587202,0.001640297,0.00207865,0.0003864726,0.003525043,0.9519444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02590183,0.003952382,0.004449633,0.0004915805,0.001763532,0.001657935,0.00141759,0.001606949,0.9587586],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8623776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088581406","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2019-0250","title":"Influence of porosity and alloy addition on the wear behaviour of sinter-forged C45 steel using Taguchi method","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Alloy; Porosity; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Sintering; Orthogonal array; Alloy steel; Tribometer; Forging; Molybdenum; Composite material; Taguchi methods; High-speed steel; Carbide; Carbon steel; Tribology; Corrosion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01917065409617017,"gpt":0.223967740746492,"spread":0.2047970866503218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002213961,0.0001118309,0.0002149205,0.0000237174,0.00006772331,0.000007096136,0.000171851,0.000102948,0.00001712687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003091353,0.00009012969,0.0002552314,0.0001278191,0.00002974444,0.00006003595,0.000007248178,0.0001496586,6.954205e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006970599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000386202,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002166036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005719225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993906,0.00001373325,0.0002491146,0.00009571749,0.00009799679,0.0001528504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995771,0.00007573532,0.00005123223,0.0001583583,0.00003676473,0.0001008038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000517338,0.00000631873,9.466899e-7,0.0001768597,0.00009127403,7.688317e-8,0.000251066,0.2473838,0.7503921,0.001569599,0.00002787529,0.00009486089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001592834,0.00006683131,0.0001169712,0.0001192918,0.0001377208,0.000002642522,0.00008937009,0.2015937,0.7972921,0.0001102607,0.0001974027,0.0001143949],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7402425,0.00002088673,0.2584742,0.0002555491,0.00008458523,0.0003312167,0.0005339904,0.00005291501,0.000004128902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9770694,0.00001382822,0.02279466,0.00006495597,0.00001168977,0.00001684835,0.000002590274,0.00002349017,0.000002537959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2368269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3675382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012422941","doi":"10.1115/imece2007-42530","title":"Modeling and Characterization of Biomaterials Spreading Properties in Powder-Based Rapid Prototyping Techniques","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Biomaterial; Materials science; Compaction; Rapid prototyping; Work (physics); Slab; Characterization (materials science); Stress (linguistics); Composite material; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Nanotechnology; Structural engineering; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02116488817807698,"gpt":0.2281059240786344,"spread":0.2069410359005574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006105019,0.0001294108,0.0002362589,0.00025216,0.00001712566,0.0000295972,0.0000614034,0.00009169112,0.00002231772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001034314,0.0001126609,0.00001908056,0.0000970769,0.00002069985,0.0001871415,0.00002087294,0.00002357895,4.518467e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002433523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007688635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004541169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005630221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999172,0.00001767374,0.000428825,0.0001200151,0.00007025902,0.0001912156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997947,0.000006643657,0.00003503985,0.000108492,0.00002684087,0.00002832854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002055568,0.000009880275,0.00004116205,0.000265306,0.000004711277,8.073626e-7,0.000068628,0.00008526824,0.99152,0.0001049951,3.722423e-7,0.007878347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009697334,0.00002752045,0.0001617142,0.0002709105,0.000003724457,0.000001571122,0.00001265708,0.03401263,0.9650701,0.00005141378,0.0001576146,0.0001332248],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8977481,0.00004474573,0.1004986,0.000009471751,0.00005404065,0.0006306116,0.000002109015,0.0005302372,0.0004821303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922243,0.00008887731,0.007520686,0.00001611745,0.0000265627,0.00008076775,0.000008487576,0.00002883404,0.000005405012],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09447622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4594177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027675781","doi":"10.4271/2011-01-1091","title":"Effect of Material Microstructure on Scuffing Behavior of Ferrous Alloys","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Chrysler (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Ferrous; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01025319176427139,"gpt":0.2340737892971295,"spread":0.2238205975328581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074446,0.0008930181,0.001558524,0.0002753003,0.0001109639,0.00004050181,0.001053744,0.001051961,0.00123099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002248432,0.0007252003,0.0005477967,0.0003786797,0.0007044796,0.000257657,0.000315145,0.0007222673,0.00003128254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000145416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003191916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000704148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002328077,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996268,0.0001903149,0.001360852,0.0007459167,0.000624117,0.0008108531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978204,0.0002057749,0.0002793512,0.00137809,0.00007369908,0.0002426263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008406959,0.00020631,0.00006310835,0.000336871,0.00006607716,0.0000451999,0.00003488677,0.00001132774,0.9926915,0.002554751,0.0004964709,0.002652833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007572782,0.004413362,0.5617352,0.0004226439,0.0002375166,0.0001004053,0.00001296126,3.569687e-8,0.4277669,0.0004763449,0.00335609,0.0007212794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9777376,0.0001089055,0.000001183512,0.00003833034,0.0006619714,0.001191198,0.000217084,0.002532084,0.01751166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957023,0.0001879742,0.003190207,0.0001279041,0.0001028171,0.000370496,0.00005130171,0.0002050796,0.00006188235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5649245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013782489","doi":"10.3390/met10040431","title":"Are Large Particles of Iron Detrimental to Properties of Powder Metallurgy Steels?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Powder metallurgy; Compressibility; Martensite; Composite material; Fabrication; Metallurgy; Particle-size distribution; Volume fraction; Particle size; Microstructure; Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04186218697238037,"gpt":0.2337332282322721,"spread":0.1918710412598917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002053483,0.0001541093,0.0004837786,0.00006414495,0.00001417337,0.00001336111,0.0001715079,0.0000505916,0.0002535147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006791312,0.0001276126,0.0001096258,0.0001662435,0.00002594181,0.0001264794,0.00009433919,0.00004231509,0.00004575195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001340676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006562124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001016869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004333767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989729,0.00004230839,0.0004279875,0.0001469445,0.000185724,0.0002241145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995469,0.0000100389,0.0001072401,0.0001894868,0.00003706993,0.0001092178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002145724,0.00004424516,0.00004700319,0.0002687194,0.00009999127,0.00000200721,0.0003526366,0.0007817653,0.9974627,0.0002419539,0.0004191714,0.0002583543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000199339,0.00006682689,0.0002822536,0.00004284337,0.00006276857,0.000001022759,0.0001502206,0.0005042995,0.988191,0.0000237798,0.010337,0.0001386328],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995393,0.001108987,0.002392076,0.0001845466,0.00008382259,0.0002697307,0.00004011326,0.0001949408,0.0003327421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973395,0.00002475245,0.002273066,0.0002082657,0.00003261325,0.00003200229,0.000002191732,0.00003369309,0.00005388613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009917824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5203891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362576172","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118505","title":"Characterization of the compaction and frictional behaviors of the green anode paste at various temperatures","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alcoa (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Compaction; Anode; Materials science; Mold; Composite material; Work (physics); Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Electrode; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006648268697223556,"gpt":0.2025434763840088,"spread":0.1958952076867853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006233369,0.00008048968,0.0001325601,0.0001172943,0.00006202401,0.000004387745,0.0001434537,0.0001284462,0.00002045533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008804373,0.00005247975,0.00003347261,0.0003584842,0.0000841,0.0000356594,0.0001268588,0.00009021689,0.000001809233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002165024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006062269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003206126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001656079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995483,0.00001804182,0.0001668361,0.00008493489,0.00007633687,0.0001055677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996659,0.000008452681,0.00006718696,0.0002235209,0.00002567783,0.000009217931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002162271,0.000006780312,0.005206249,0.00002736799,0.00001541597,2.399991e-7,0.0000693034,0.00002212354,0.9932929,0.001026013,0.00009710788,0.0002343272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008943431,0.00001472928,0.1656961,0.00002316418,0.00002309874,0.00002433752,0.0000168016,0.0002441505,0.8308648,0.0006664959,0.002275608,0.00006128725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985076,0.00002837119,0.00008809424,0.000471642,0.0003225966,0.0001541664,0.00004151891,0.0003277051,0.00005827323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996566,0.00005736418,0.00003511973,0.00001571829,0.00001262712,0.00002220013,0.00001040439,0.00001431853,0.0001756486],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1624281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2140062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220825037","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2055888","title":"Characterisation of the mechanisms taking place during liquid phase sintering of PM boron steels with the help of artificial intelligence","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Metallurgy","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Sintering; Eutectic system; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Differential scanning calorimetry; Boron; Powder metallurgy; Alloy; Phase (matter); Work (physics); Liquid state; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01917293851072734,"gpt":0.2404094528451809,"spread":0.2212365143344536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000633051,0.0002064492,0.0004121052,0.000114725,0.0001176777,0.00001656773,0.0004877555,0.00004453107,0.0005480744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000290805,0.0001412019,0.000140067,0.0002902467,0.00009165295,0.0001405787,0.0002670905,0.0001738416,9.379859e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005834319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003022475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006218636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000183621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983791,0.0001486629,0.0006300255,0.0001890073,0.0004099921,0.0002432658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988765,0.00005778677,0.0005036341,0.0004714046,0.00006072456,0.00002993421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002297785,0.00007788314,0.000001021457,0.0001680748,0.0001181518,0.000002152279,0.001229938,0.0180568,0.9762081,0.002730814,0.000002635903,0.00117464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001479384,0.0002915109,0.00008826294,0.00007426819,0.00007965357,0.0000216869,0.0007884465,0.002981923,0.9947932,0.0002498209,0.0003298039,0.0001534522],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9439718,0.00008502248,0.05481328,0.00008993003,0.0003650416,0.0003741829,0.00003685535,0.00008814177,0.0001757216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990969,0.00002262416,0.0006428525,0.00001782004,0.00003453718,0.00008834433,0.000006576495,0.00004719158,0.00004312626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0551251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.600103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2281406192","doi":"","title":"Finite Element Simulation of the Compaction and Springback of an Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Alloy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Powder metallurgy; Compaction; Metallurgy; Finite element method; Alloy; Aluminium; Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Composite material; Sintering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004875410762952806,"gpt":0.1688204592462197,"spread":0.1639450484832669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001974857,0.0001902717,0.0003333565,0.00002723406,0.0000416425,0.000008392636,0.0001308344,0.00005189111,0.00005226114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000216708,0.0001631071,0.00003438838,0.00003923515,0.00002972431,0.0002416005,0.00003867712,0.00008766427,6.451577e-10],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000603215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001880042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001711937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0131608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985844,0.00004323187,0.000385126,0.0001214099,0.0007057505,0.0001600652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993752,0.0000820061,0.0002569496,0.0001899535,0.000001234503,0.00009460771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005875392,0.00009509339,0.002128724,0.004241188,0.0007603398,0.000005926643,0.0006461693,0.06465762,0.8970273,0.01622018,0.000154839,0.01347515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002529414,0.00006085743,0.08010478,0.0002909307,0.0001489619,0.000001288952,0.0008638979,0.03248603,0.8757098,0.0003437016,0.00942885,0.0003079484],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9688473,0.0004402641,0.0001615004,0.00005330287,0.0005781568,0.0003273795,0.0002172084,0.00001923522,0.02935566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981537,0.0001529991,0.0003424991,0.00003182486,0.00002947887,0.000006090403,0.00005998044,0.0000293244,0.001194105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07797606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7344033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005781855","doi":"10.1179/003258904225015383","title":"Experimental method for determining densification function of metal powder and its validity","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Metallurgy","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Compaction; Materials science; Hydrostatic equilibrium; Work (physics); Metal powder; Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Metallurgy; Metal; Composite material; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05005299891065929,"gpt":0.3001413967989148,"spread":0.2500883978882555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005268275,0.000264654,0.0004577198,0.0001567716,0.00006966786,0.00003447581,0.0001198459,0.0001410821,0.0001009179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005296807,0.0002615898,0.0001502147,0.0001137136,0.00003176024,0.0003134182,0.00004875548,0.00007521985,0.000007970613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005410349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002087876,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001661803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002973162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986948,0.00005758048,0.0004662157,0.0003085288,0.0001770474,0.0002958656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994046,0.00007142045,0.0001139617,0.0002338076,0.00008043922,0.00009579089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002986909,0.00004914937,0.000002111282,0.0001094582,0.0001324245,0.000001315885,0.0001968909,0.0006131817,0.9902034,0.00688262,0.00002249596,0.00175713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007340899,0.0001895309,0.0002368827,0.00002546958,0.000180415,0.00002972292,0.00008989993,0.003341653,0.9892887,0.002149388,0.003445697,0.0002885104],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6299028,0.0009619622,0.3672895,0.00003418182,0.0005838627,0.0004687113,0.00001740522,0.0003408784,0.0004006517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.962333,0.00005018237,0.0371426,0.00005375457,0.00008587052,0.0001833509,0.00002886564,0.00006411814,0.00005831609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3324301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7017373964","doi":"","title":"Benefits of die wall lubrication for powder compaction","year":2003,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lubrication; Die (integrated circuit); Compaction; Function (biology); High pressure; Static friction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02458457620573744,"gpt":0.2497073859744519,"spread":0.2251228097687145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002847736,0.0001641562,0.0002951673,0.00008252905,0.00004105499,0.00002357935,0.00009360241,0.0001399834,0.000347061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006443647,0.0001749774,0.0001026757,0.00007443882,0.00002039492,0.00009654506,0.00001067453,0.00005975361,0.00003884671],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006475039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001927279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001463216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002209396,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990723,0.0000353841,0.0003561064,0.0001672089,0.0001181941,0.0002508515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994146,0.00005083758,0.000119285,0.0002624464,0.00009054753,0.00006233181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006596208,0.0002283612,0.00005867502,0.001038362,0.0003293802,6.131137e-7,0.0004399035,0.003103287,0.8576053,0.09563181,0.01348033,0.02801797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005265246,0.0001362385,0.001228811,0.0001220578,0.0001853616,0.000002363747,0.00001595809,0.002036061,0.7166759,0.01295599,0.2658201,0.0002946026],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7058981,0.01067254,0.1950031,0.001013851,0.009082658,0.003569771,0.0004373553,0.001095812,0.07322675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805147,0.001159267,0.01761147,0.00003988249,0.0001740321,0.00006649262,0.00004666941,0.00004782058,0.0003396506],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2746166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.713537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6999435918","doi":"","title":"Compaction of SMC powders for high saturation flux density","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pressing; Saturation (graph theory); Magnet; Compaction; Flux (metallurgy); Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0114040975669854,"gpt":0.226179712638669,"spread":0.2147756150716836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008514037,0.00006107749,0.0001155124,0.00003419185,0.00001881445,0.000009037845,0.00003814058,0.00005050012,0.0001779177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009210216,0.00006054592,0.00003165493,0.00002910377,0.000009852503,0.00009444421,0.000005572775,0.00002767917,0.00000795679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003525138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004364295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009609193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001102874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996567,0.000006965316,0.0001295076,0.00005887432,0.00005479471,0.00009315644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998174,0.00001356221,0.00002635311,0.00009311699,0.00002804192,0.00002148481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001185053,0.000008751558,0.000005834368,0.00004048141,0.00001358844,9.273453e-8,0.00004020585,0.0005437134,0.981748,0.003303366,0.007709376,0.006574713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001692947,0.00002481059,0.0008170041,0.00001005983,0.00001414985,0.000001774818,0.000006958113,0.004372755,0.9800034,0.003226834,0.0112774,0.00007558875],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9169444,0.0000127007,0.07869356,0.0001690343,0.0003028528,0.0001962274,0.00001221325,0.0002846659,0.003384325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9756565,0.0000106513,0.02403113,0.00002788093,0.00009743759,0.0000122035,0.0000275916,0.00001170904,0.0001249051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05871207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2468991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049667179","doi":"10.4271/2012-01-0051","title":"Finite Element Analysis of Friction-Assisted Powder Compaction Process","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Compaction; Materials science; Process (computing); Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01488846781129977,"gpt":0.267960815659557,"spread":0.2530723478482572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003729148,0.0001091685,0.0003122199,0.000387087,0.00002023788,0.0000531931,0.0001188315,0.00004609569,0.0004124632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001223497,0.00009116535,0.00008107755,0.00004728333,0.00001359821,0.0003399782,0.00002530366,0.00004854739,0.000001220047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004651272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006101742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002169501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003557173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990172,0.00002468661,0.0005360312,0.00005402163,0.0002378743,0.0001301261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994627,0.00002868696,0.0002908527,0.0000593983,0.00009697079,0.00006141153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001515129,0.0001448137,0.00124322,0.0001855271,0.004894712,0.000009295049,0.000793308,0.01971887,0.9673113,0.0002884011,0.0002103264,0.005048702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000230289,0.00002427781,0.06901439,0.00005374564,0.0003219294,0.00003217788,0.00007394371,0.0001178644,0.9278614,0.0001261725,0.002051765,0.00009205053],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938934,0.0001274134,0.004019576,0.00003108577,0.001622333,0.00004651213,0.00003771086,0.00002953692,0.0001924427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988715,0.000299606,0.0005179086,0.00002077574,0.0002489593,0.000002997589,0.00001658673,0.0000119035,0.000009762186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06777117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4516182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2259970893","doi":"10.1007/s11665-016-1900-3","title":"Development of Novel Pre-alloyed PM Steels for Optimization of Machinability and Fatigue Resistance of PM Components","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Machinability; Materials science; Machining; Metallurgy; Sintering; Compaction; Porosity; Toughness; Residual stress; Fabrication; Tin; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02062812474014716,"gpt":0.2282460565987225,"spread":0.2076179318585753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005273597,0.0001135511,0.000403564,0.00008702237,0.00001439861,0.000007463246,0.00008056608,0.00005527696,0.000007170065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003509338,0.00008378182,0.00002538775,0.00003161612,0.00002526775,0.0001582736,0.00002212612,0.00002399898,1.564823e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002001387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001503547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001244635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.459705e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989814,0.000008540564,0.0007344352,0.00006349789,0.0001066323,0.0001055617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994515,0.00004178792,0.0002869796,0.00008667352,0.000097148,0.0000359671],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001609652,0.00002244894,0.00007566391,0.00228964,0.00004582641,1.065361e-7,0.0001808469,0.03860885,0.9582241,0.00003893629,0.000006718825,0.0003459287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007313971,0.00009108596,0.009230453,0.0009445227,0.00002093487,0.000007311437,0.000003971471,0.006247414,0.9823172,0.000006163853,0.0002965583,0.0001029713],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8497854,0.0001313244,0.149719,0.000005972254,0.0001838855,0.0001143155,0.00004196648,0.00001380821,0.000004406104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8872756,0.0003702593,0.1122995,5.569946e-7,0.00002343688,0.000006086628,0.00000180789,0.00001423682,0.000008429536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03749028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3416523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983503083","doi":"10.1179/1743290112y.0000000033","title":"Effects of additions of nickel nanoparticles on sintering response of PM hybrid low alloy steels","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Metallurgy","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Rio Tinto (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nickel; Sintering; Metallurgy; Alloy; Powder metallurgy; Microstructure; Nanoparticle; Grain boundary diffusion coefficient; Thermal diffusivity; Diffusion; Lattice diffusion coefficient; Grain boundary; Effective diffusion coefficient; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01018114483003592,"gpt":0.2256884062215063,"spread":0.2155072613914704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005954018,0.0002416689,0.0006149947,0.0002310555,0.00002140751,0.000008010172,0.000222417,0.00007585769,0.0003032727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002059705,0.0002283515,0.0002116608,0.0001538778,0.000104781,0.0002194635,0.0000796046,0.00008528898,0.00002588626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003120087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001608857,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001944481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.632333e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983759,0.0001793807,0.0006503682,0.0001531558,0.0002548413,0.0003863565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988056,0.0004146853,0.0001833519,0.0004122473,0.00006371174,0.0001204243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001634092,0.0002427045,0.000008015959,0.0004663861,0.0001910761,0.000004140866,0.0002203391,0.0005888944,0.9963241,0.001152059,0.0002996062,0.0003392602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003703476,0.0001903841,0.001609722,0.0002356191,0.000103104,0.000009838292,0.000022454,0.000206874,0.9945285,0.0001492573,0.002378916,0.0001949319],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996105,0.0006031162,0.00189188,0.00001582813,0.0004490484,0.000262294,0.00006489616,0.0001660135,0.0004419315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981858,0.00009433283,0.001411036,0.00002332696,0.00004480585,0.0000578687,0.00000987225,0.00005873386,0.0001142462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002080785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9311905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2941210606","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0413","title":"Evaluation of the Ductility of Cold-Sprayed Copper Coatings for the Long-Term Disposal of Nuclear Fuel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nuclear Waste Management Organization; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Copper; Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Metallurgy; Ductility (Earth science); Annealing (glass); Raw material; Coating; Composite material; Creep","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02037571241035884,"gpt":0.2570096666828054,"spread":0.2366339542724465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001303917,0.00008869768,0.0002045659,0.0000139561,0.00001927808,0.00000543309,0.000239806,0.00005641235,0.0003109918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005149571,0.00005256453,0.00009913369,0.0000548896,0.00007186484,0.00006272861,0.0000469472,0.00004860181,0.000003373173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002937933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003235934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003784026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009063455,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991702,0.00007651665,0.0002754038,0.00007986388,0.0002866143,0.0001113356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992576,0.00007349617,0.0001452455,0.0003633788,0.0001472045,0.00001305679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004598803,0.00002884318,0.0009855961,0.0002157557,0.00005948973,1.78085e-8,0.0003448628,0.0009205537,0.9956326,0.0008678332,0.00005129079,0.0008471521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005703326,0.00008390962,0.120142,0.00006883858,0.000215543,6.938897e-7,0.00003293547,0.002234008,0.8758666,0.0001136939,0.0005788488,0.00009254328],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973356,0.0001358954,0.0001298728,0.0000336966,0.0002969693,0.0008469943,0.00003517699,0.00003618258,0.00114965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997181,0.000009779183,0.000139756,0.00001256179,0.00002811783,0.00002455179,0.000001936547,0.00002260108,0.00004264418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.119766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3405142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3030204319","doi":"10.4271/10-04-03-0017","title":"Damping of Powder Metal Rings","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE International journal of vehicle dynamics, stability, and NVH","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metal; Composite material; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01670818596871078,"gpt":0.2390438070440705,"spread":0.2223356210753597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003362311,0.0001066484,0.0002714563,0.00007531219,0.00001444816,0.00003466837,0.0002576321,0.00005084141,0.0001539566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009375791,0.00009977118,0.0001072082,0.00004934326,0.00006701548,0.0002379264,0.00008890734,0.0001428259,0.000001613702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006240134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002000656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002097877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001798043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989831,0.00002587743,0.0005240989,0.00009588541,0.000260741,0.0001102853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994019,0.00004640283,0.0001553982,0.00007236603,0.0002308495,0.00009302868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004421079,0.000346534,0.05493635,0.0007538435,0.001595894,0.0001092221,0.003344619,0.001234332,0.9065032,0.009203545,0.0004330618,0.02109726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006505372,0.00176464,0.2731721,0.0008292465,0.0004489809,0.0005404312,0.002135118,0.1758707,0.498615,0.02905272,0.009344772,0.001720877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937877,0.0003123169,0.00399589,0.0006884341,0.0005242,0.00005286013,0.00005304411,0.00004083903,0.0005447294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983085,0.0002512655,0.001182834,0.00008791933,0.0001425196,8.396828e-7,0.000004858578,0.00001599267,0.000005300575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4078882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.406855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7027576060","doi":"","title":"Characterization of the formation of nickel-rich areas in PM steels and their effect on mechanical properties","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sintering; Microstructure; Nickel; Homogeneity (statistics); Characterization (materials science); Diffusion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01318073128215686,"gpt":0.1983539958310919,"spread":0.185173264548935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002203672,0.0000573489,0.0001214266,0.00003042631,0.000007577495,0.000003745486,0.00004600557,0.00003921818,0.00001250537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001610429,0.00003227734,0.00001599944,0.0000449085,0.00001048616,0.0001178299,0.00002091749,0.00003277516,7.272571e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001115152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001805514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001356545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.549127e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996563,0.00004457188,0.0001406315,0.00003119166,0.00005020443,0.00007709433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998379,0.00001358399,0.00003574095,0.00009261515,0.000008513634,0.00001165467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001065809,0.00001134993,0.0000685671,0.0001275498,0.000003443327,1.300776e-8,0.0002646779,0.000006082631,0.9971456,0.0004790363,0.000004043387,0.001878956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008640272,0.00004389321,0.003781441,0.00008949869,0.000003800937,0.000001077498,0.000008081268,0.0007895012,0.9949237,0.0001323285,0.0001056866,0.00003459257],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985272,0.00001408845,0.0005308928,0.0000158275,0.00008565001,0.0002000413,0.000004642278,0.00002818162,0.0005934696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998696,0.00002304918,0.000041717,0.00000775844,0.00001383276,0.0000236561,0.00000287695,0.000007246882,0.00001026146],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003712874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1316232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992630559","doi":"","title":"High-performance PM steels utilizing extra-fine nickel","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nickel; Powder metallurgy; Metallurgy; Diffusion; Iron powder; Carbon fibers; Microstructure; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01711092550435457,"gpt":0.2326882001753898,"spread":0.2155772746710353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000385585,0.0001432453,0.0001843835,0.0000749091,0.00003957894,0.00002384171,0.0001514085,0.00008686879,0.0006882875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008576161,0.00013824,0.00003368104,0.0001002637,0.00002189056,0.0001401074,0.00003195519,0.0001038873,0.0001072001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003756546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006334686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005316494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004578627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991179,0.000007009715,0.0002558554,0.0001292559,0.0001286406,0.0003613514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996202,0.00002147593,0.00002492354,0.0002418498,0.00001812336,0.0000734274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001009929,0.00001402651,0.00004982002,0.00008731027,0.00002009373,0.00001391405,0.00005049985,0.0002433328,0.9576697,0.004247764,0.002457163,0.03513629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002031912,0.00003499887,0.001633301,0.00004608425,0.0000110806,0.00001305486,0.00001056341,0.0009626921,0.9572765,0.0009526304,0.03863031,0.0002256277],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9178977,0.00008969163,0.0137837,0.00002421547,0.000612639,0.0001108911,0.000004647809,0.0008344668,0.06664206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821817,0.0001204936,0.0168046,0.00004687269,0.0001624071,0.00001165721,0.000006075815,0.00003847087,0.0006277708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06601429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7536266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885673436","doi":"10.14510/araj.2017.4123","title":"Compaction of Metal-Ceramic Powder Mixture. Part.1","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Compaction; Ceramic; Materials science; Metal powder; Metal; Metallurgy; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03409509447565546,"gpt":0.2947108118912207,"spread":0.2606157174155653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005614159,0.00007873964,0.0003212258,0.00007455995,0.000151726,0.00004841352,0.0004592791,0.00002294163,0.00001659406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002862863,0.00004586239,0.00009107417,0.00006009762,0.0008390081,0.0002879862,0.00005149009,0.0001083128,2.902212e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007528593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001181836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002489342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001522504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992594,0.00002761767,0.000315435,0.00006230292,0.0002209496,0.0001143441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989899,0.00002188626,0.0008304382,0.0000930774,0.00001840087,0.00004624953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004590529,0.00005958421,0.004236833,0.00009391135,0.0002270685,0.000002826906,0.000575943,0.0008442992,0.971533,0.003451267,0.005247296,0.01368209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004035893,0.0005710747,0.4594468,0.0003705651,0.0001745,0.0002487507,0.0003530435,0.001308727,0.491791,0.006263122,0.03875856,0.0003103272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970123,0.0002576839,0.00006368318,0.001316207,0.0002241822,0.00003897052,0.000003186302,0.000007571161,0.001076243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986268,0.000453086,0.0007384774,0.00007220788,0.00006530354,3.007122e-7,1.953294e-8,0.000004699108,0.00003908366],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.479742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3091361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062848694","doi":"10.2118/2001-040-ea","title":"Advancements in Rotary Steerable Technology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian International Petroleum Conference","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01232837007797289,"gpt":0.2261389556886722,"spread":0.2138105856106993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006323894,0.0001019641,0.0001145596,0.0005130861,0.0000195106,0.00003765771,0.0003027952,0.00007458814,0.00166391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001508761,0.0001196805,0.00001696214,0.0001196976,0.00002298756,0.0001503435,0.00001984794,0.0001129679,0.00008897543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000297242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008192177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007653196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07153612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993249,0.000006105071,0.0001729736,0.000134166,0.00008863548,0.0002732296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996957,0.000005320395,0.00001601798,0.0001346995,0.00004267819,0.0001056079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001242596,0.0002223469,0.2108218,0.000168263,0.0006040892,0.00350568,0.000520988,0.1333785,0.1078676,0.4215558,0.02903578,0.09219483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004650928,0.00002804976,0.006170793,0.00008995581,0.000003815573,0.00005637301,0.00006067833,0.02769001,0.003073549,0.007058806,0.9549675,0.0003353994],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8490435,0.0001160331,0.002150962,0.001037129,0.0009174244,0.00008646942,0.00004045993,0.0002064325,0.1464016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973499,0.0002441924,0.0005059322,0.0001254881,0.00003915629,0.00005956004,0.00002723039,0.00001398433,0.001634515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9259317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2314570322","doi":"10.1299/kikaia.79.1122","title":"Production of Sintered Bearing by Unification Powder Forming from Different Metals Powder","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A","topic":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fédération des Comités de Parents du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Sintering; Electron microprobe; Metallurgy; Bearing (navigation); Composite number; Layer (electronics); Diffusion; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01026518172111419,"gpt":0.1973662766993184,"spread":0.1871010949782042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001373034,0.0001829697,0.0003863966,0.00003027427,0.00004507541,0.000009641232,0.0002458259,0.0001444171,0.0002089198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001363423,0.000145524,0.0003530236,0.0001405595,0.00009350885,0.0002813894,0.00001660054,0.0001494502,0.000001016312],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004666786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007794801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002066293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004012958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989341,0.00002745217,0.0005072734,0.0001511755,0.0002056968,0.0001743323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993238,0.0000395697,0.0001279816,0.0003852976,0.00007854573,0.00004475356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008019024,0.00005217811,7.995416e-7,0.000204683,0.0002625535,5.151404e-9,0.0006638054,0.004158138,0.9932491,0.0001529321,0.000578623,0.0006691179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001603612,0.00005650216,0.00006727256,0.000102563,0.0001324227,0.000002225716,0.00110731,0.006253235,0.9911564,0.0005974549,0.0002282693,0.0001359616],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7747701,0.0001554815,0.2232928,0.0003527102,0.0006329093,0.0004873672,0.0000835175,0.0001943467,0.00003079588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916058,0.0001927587,0.007846409,0.000008781086,0.00001955455,0.00005133216,0.00001571057,0.00003505232,0.0002246549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2168356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5934296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}