{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1002,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":1002,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"92b3f07f9430","filters":{"topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2154683138","doi":"10.1097/phm.0b013e3181587f6c","title":"Upper-Limb Prosthetics","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":638,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Abandonment (legal); Prosthesis; Medicine; Upper limb; Health care; Physical therapy; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003315504747089459,"gpt":0.2499149800830251,"spread":0.2465994753359356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008220845,0.0001584212,0.0004151819,0.0002687396,0.00003721331,0.000007714205,0.0001486515,0.0000298471,0.000008172819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007244534,0.0001159733,0.0001744129,0.0004986837,0.0007001897,0.000115066,0.00001038586,0.0002898388,0.000009630232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001093157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002698546,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003348521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000107306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984765,0.00005353232,0.000631759,0.0001069067,0.0004904262,0.0002408564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974532,0.00152271,0.0002347907,0.0001778023,0.0004140976,0.0001973908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"nonrandomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001002347,0.0002380269,0.002429319,0.0001028386,0.00005615547,0.000007047502,0.01061299,0.01184362,0.01161373,0.005767983,0.0002797056,0.9569483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006921629,0.4344737,0.3060265,0.002198207,0.0006752063,0.0003173414,0.0603097,0.05429847,0.004113781,0.07722249,0.05129872,0.002144212],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787632,0.0001477771,0.01820124,0.001611925,0.0004351123,0.0001565134,0.000001688489,0.00005194928,0.0006305586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867426,0.000004453892,0.01258368,0.00008605581,0.0005380983,0.000002061651,0.000002097339,0.00003078158,0.0000101939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9548041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4729253,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020799005","doi":"10.1053/apmr.2001.24295","title":"The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":635,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Fear of falling; Medicine; Falling (accident); Odds ratio; Logistic regression; Physical therapy; Amputation; Depression (economics); Confidence interval; Population; Comorbidity; Poison control; Injury prevention; Demography; Internal medicine; Surgery; Psychiatry; Medical emergency","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006176847738931306,"gpt":0.2271708296432347,"spread":0.2209939819043033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001606021,0.00008964229,0.000206502,0.00005898339,0.00005368234,0.000003417561,0.00004865098,0.00002398325,5.189335e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005222426,0.00005468089,0.00004293996,0.00007351609,0.001139166,0.00005748919,0.00002454668,0.00009386011,2.139532e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002330084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003755143,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004364406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007200023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993651,0.00005201398,0.0002578021,0.0001158092,0.0001234701,0.00008581932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950593,0.004652965,0.00009281805,0.0001092693,0.00003885228,0.00004681967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006411913,0.0001345933,0.8250695,0.002614802,0.00008874953,2.284265e-7,0.04915481,0.01342561,0.02958104,0.003823374,0.000005584624,0.0760376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003096786,0.0007601226,0.8873947,0.0005627421,0.0000604474,3.35931e-7,0.001833237,0.09300999,0.000450847,0.0155215,0.00001915267,0.00007728266],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965991,0.001224052,0.001763328,0.0001118455,0.00003650682,0.0001559823,0.000004831833,0.00001063084,0.00009376577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950395,0.002904295,0.002012442,9.211764e-7,0.0000256295,0.000002388225,8.675831e-7,0.000007239626,0.000006755269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07958438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4197303,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173194528","doi":"10.1016/j.robot.2015.10.001","title":"Developments in hardware systems of active upper-limb exoskeleton robots: A review","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":475,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"National Research Council Sri Lanka; University of Minnesota","keywords":"Exoskeleton; Computer science; Robot; Context (archaeology); Lower limb; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03180508606501267,"gpt":0.2815070564249291,"spread":0.2497019703599164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007130373,0.0006800064,0.003426601,0.0004000166,0.0000454521,0.00008300797,0.0003466015,0.0004876946,0.000001587378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006104437,0.0005717863,0.0002713806,0.0004792162,0.00006570345,0.00008898497,0.0001150021,0.0004536759,0.00002689883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006112443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004454518,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005323102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005155871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99656,0.0002124889,0.001923146,0.0004612587,0.0003730893,0.0004700566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983485,0.0001595792,0.0005244623,0.0005190682,0.0002349356,0.0002134168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001939214,0.00008930908,0.00001488569,0.5007474,0.000391947,0.00002372405,0.0002831423,0.2185496,5.956263e-7,0.00280286,0.0007152195,0.2763793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002405737,0.00008002244,0.000006739223,0.1457734,0.000378034,0.00008844885,0.00011123,0.008875082,2.235916e-7,0.000007298711,0.8437011,0.0007378732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002161643,0.9939664,0.0007049128,0.000009152324,0.00154907,0.00247633,0.0001370981,0.000102048,0.001052811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001924213,0.9980941,0.0006986018,0.000005247007,0.00008021821,0.0002567737,0.0001492817,0.0001395338,0.0003838356],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8429859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049361901","doi":"10.1053/apmr.2001.25079","title":"The influence of falling, fear of falling, and balance confidence on prosthetic mobility and social activity among individuals with a lower extremity amputation","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":351,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Fear of falling; Confidence interval; Balance (ability); Physical therapy; Psychology; Medicine; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Poison control; Injury prevention; Medical emergency; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005637168450371881,"gpt":0.2375463409994319,"spread":0.23190917254906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002235023,0.0001066983,0.0002424447,0.00005584185,0.00006791709,0.000005694101,0.00005071746,0.00003139654,2.484487e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000305736,0.00006672766,0.00002987333,0.00009009121,0.002016284,0.00007763724,0.00002249725,0.0001221409,2.797031e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004829155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001101927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003114074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009273785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999244,0.0000754354,0.0002318062,0.0001597407,0.0001926293,0.00009636397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973668,0.002274946,0.0001336764,0.0001109959,0.00007640988,0.00003717272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006262952,0.0006534107,0.6581531,0.002892796,0.0001091964,7.08606e-7,0.09940983,0.08124418,0.08074575,0.01845368,0.000002910833,0.05770811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005874499,0.001462667,0.9272118,0.0004463609,0.00002679151,6.089443e-7,0.0008559055,0.04544184,0.0004883964,0.02339878,0.000002847366,0.00007661057],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979892,0.00009700822,0.001092643,0.0003988149,0.00001076111,0.0003543143,0.000004433909,0.00001199993,0.00004076442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991547,0.00008267056,0.00072118,0.000004865461,0.00001339634,0.00001356838,0.000001114261,0.000006818999,0.00000163508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2690586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7429081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022706795","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202000071","title":"Robotics, Smart Wearable Technologies, and Autonomous Intelligent Systems for Healthcare During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the State of the Art and Future Vision","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":308,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, Government of Alberta","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Robotics; Wearable computer; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Artificial intelligence; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Health care; State (computer science); Computer science; State of art; Wearable technology; Human–computer interaction; Robot; Data science; Medicine; Embedded system; Virology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01911561651976262,"gpt":0.2649578770272491,"spread":0.2458422605074865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003735395,0.0002007464,0.0004523653,0.00008732078,0.0001894107,0.00004532428,0.0003502848,0.0001062851,7.233905e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001098184,0.0001087496,0.0001299109,0.00051839,0.0001900113,0.00007011347,0.0001165216,0.000220449,4.444691e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000135453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003691862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007496936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001061839,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984809,0.000111325,0.0006848941,0.0002744833,0.0002181999,0.0002302434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987493,0.0001936662,0.0002632264,0.0005435246,0.0001492294,0.0001010504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002105654,0.00001383324,0.008228867,0.001312208,0.0001848616,1.731448e-7,0.00169757,0.9835644,0.001157682,0.001038439,0.00001640184,0.002764468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002485575,0.0002331394,0.001994232,0.000263944,0.0002397719,0.00001394134,0.01292775,0.9625869,0.00281123,0.00024889,0.0181674,0.0002642592],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6646371,0.08665302,0.2292011,0.008059426,0.003222781,0.007110778,0.0005033645,0.0005765053,0.00003589897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943854,0.005088783,0.0002799303,0.00004265374,0.00003063558,0.00005500775,0.000006312937,0.00002832189,0.0000830099],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3297482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4434679,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110161484","doi":"10.1080/03093640802024955","title":"Predictors of quality of life among individuals who have a lower limb amputation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":268,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Parkwood Institute; Western University; GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Amputation; Lower limb amputation; Lower limb; Artificial limbs; Quality of life (healthcare); Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Medicine; Physical therapy; Psychology; Surgery; Prosthesis; Nursing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01525454876125647,"gpt":0.242832805242732,"spread":0.2275782564814755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002586409,0.0001287222,0.0002394642,0.0001414825,0.00003918861,0.00001402539,0.0001291883,0.0001001793,0.00001957612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001979711,0.0001235465,0.00008497948,0.00007990444,0.0003022149,0.00007522903,0.00005247532,0.000121335,0.000001007862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001837232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003850969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006921767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005826549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986964,0.00002642883,0.0006188573,0.0001372844,0.000399292,0.0001217677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991528,0.0001192055,0.0001841219,0.0001412406,0.0003188751,0.00008375839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000273648,0.0001519927,0.9506723,0.0001371837,0.0001381435,0.000001157311,0.001720885,0.03757188,0.0003798698,0.008682728,0.0001153796,0.0004010992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007841889,0.0002643408,0.9104976,0.00007633727,0.00002661086,0.000006695272,0.0001429132,0.08240533,0.002311498,0.002583614,0.0006477003,0.0002531852],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923208,0.0001721693,0.005319029,0.00009763474,0.0003923893,0.0001792623,0.0001089008,0.00003219506,0.001377649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963604,0.0003905562,0.003000646,0.0000226174,0.0000408827,0.000006364697,0.00002969653,0.00002186836,0.0001269329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04483344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5038081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095342778","doi":"10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.003","title":"Dermatologic conditions associated with use of a lower-extremity prosthesis","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":239,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Prosthesis; Amputation; Retrospective cohort study; Rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Complication; Comorbidity; Surgery; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01061156026722823,"gpt":0.2343567936347788,"spread":0.2237452333675506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005059993,0.00008968871,0.0002382875,0.0001016027,0.00002713797,0.000002291825,0.00003318038,0.0000264785,0.000003334992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006183956,0.00005969645,0.00005251291,0.0001244564,0.0007236536,0.00008982711,0.000008925022,0.00007096631,3.794886e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006980978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008521167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003794558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005338781,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994259,0.00004554819,0.0002217592,0.0000973795,0.0001192434,0.00009011809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961346,0.00358876,0.00006585206,0.0001094986,0.00005489997,0.00004633997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004798657,0.004382791,0.1087657,0.003976399,0.0007515959,0.00000574474,0.1073227,0.2381194,0.2797209,0.1186839,0.001834598,0.1359563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002373022,0.005176282,0.6265813,0.002203788,0.0002479072,0.000006103102,0.001710144,0.3230483,0.003431889,0.03410358,0.0007038966,0.0004138168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966333,0.00007409769,0.001046153,0.001624652,0.00001538687,0.0002118147,0.00001555322,0.00003831126,0.0003407599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942311,0.00001703811,0.005664482,0.00002394285,0.00001971882,0.0000126026,0.00001274545,0.000009093417,0.00000925015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5178156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2666332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2773166896","doi":"10.1177/1729881417743554","title":"Lower-limb exoskeletons","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":222,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Exoskeleton; Wearable computer; Computer science; Work (physics); Robot; Wearable technology; Risk analysis (engineering); Rehabilitation; Quality of life (healthcare); Human–computer interaction; Simulation; Medicine; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Physical therapy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01059223533894876,"gpt":0.2664308437384761,"spread":0.2558386083995274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001888102,0.0001136352,0.000217439,0.0001299807,0.00008926336,0.0001987545,0.0007300008,0.00005360112,0.00001305474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002151783,0.00009682083,0.000135695,0.00002305498,0.00006190758,0.0003414324,0.00004080782,0.0001653906,0.00002383659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001215386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003131944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003156985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001597159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988632,0.00001485579,0.0004978894,0.00007604002,0.0004095519,0.000138473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987116,0.0000815593,0.0003427455,0.0002642768,0.0005054045,0.00009441272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001992156,0.00003204076,0.00040165,0.0000225717,0.000133461,0.00006552508,0.0000642426,0.989397,0.003105913,0.002709323,0.0004265903,0.003621712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01189068,0.002558446,0.06378648,0.004735101,0.0002960889,0.004698933,0.002360645,0.7323663,0.005343802,0.01044248,0.1589965,0.002524554],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2968422,0.004528872,0.540687,0.004348884,0.1339639,0.0006044208,0.00003294757,0.000222573,0.0187691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942423,0.0002158074,0.004561231,0.00001497089,0.0005940467,0.00000269917,0.000001060866,0.00002373471,0.0003442242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3948239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042769499","doi":"10.1682/jrrd.2007.04.0054","title":"Comparison of nonmicroprocessor knee mechanism versus C-Leg on Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire, stumbles, falls, walking tests, stair descent, and knee preference","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Physical therapy; Ambulatory; Stair climbing; Stairs; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Prosthesis; Gait; Preferred walking speed; Rehabilitation; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1237956248497853,"gpt":0.3595217062336503,"spread":0.2357260813838649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003456678,0.0001328517,0.0002363714,0.0003014245,0.0002819496,0.00002932018,0.0001245376,0.00006615723,0.000006668766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001145782,0.0000941353,0.0000243351,0.0002528352,0.0002505939,0.0001392907,0.00004543762,0.000321368,0.000002786054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002168871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003103068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005348625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000130774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977421,0.0002923373,0.0006172223,0.0001273338,0.0009993148,0.0002216902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971266,0.00113508,0.0001712366,0.0001441654,0.001310413,0.0001124382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004442013,0.002310164,0.1494962,0.003895937,0.0006544931,0.000008267555,0.1779327,0.04732066,0.02705534,0.006395646,0.001362501,0.5791261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005972934,0.0113084,0.9066045,0.001856847,0.00007551612,0.00004966947,0.01839716,0.02090151,0.02515527,0.008459521,0.0006623029,0.0005563119],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946745,0.001951892,0.002359444,0.0002417558,0.0001120109,0.0005909842,0.000001810405,0.0000150957,0.00005252998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844112,0.000439518,0.01507034,0.00000448421,0.00001753724,0.00002449743,0.000001967958,0.0000148819,0.00001561559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7571084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3838726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969188132","doi":"10.1097/bot.0b013e31802cbc43","title":"Complex Limb Salvage or Early Amputation for Severe Lower-Limb Injury: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College; McMaster University; Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Amputation; Observational study; Rehabilitation; Psychosocial; Physical therapy; MEDLINE; Surgery; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4044512346838544,"gpt":0.4343976573968013,"spread":0.0299464227129469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001446493,0.0004471434,0.004281643,0.001277059,0.00006670965,0.00003805661,0.0002996822,0.0002727808,0.00008741462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003896471,0.0002913201,0.005629327,0.001326507,0.0001063917,0.0001551005,0.00002782048,0.0004264074,0.000002173574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001602403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001775819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.485191e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001335379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960755,0.0001113619,0.002627104,0.0002057018,0.0007181981,0.0002621036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995199,0.001815587,0.001534047,0.0002501581,0.001071966,0.0001292299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002759579,0.0003187274,0.00006354798,0.0229066,0.4051755,0.0000387159,0.0005715027,0.05043325,0.000003033551,0.000533458,0.002182292,0.5174974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006756388,0.002117669,0.001236102,0.001009711,0.4214647,0.00004982292,0.0001283933,0.001360944,0.00000158285,0.0001898081,0.5711553,0.0006103532],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006618976,0.9856489,0.01184359,0.00007301259,0.0005843983,0.0006320523,0.0004949907,0.00003087477,0.00003026527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003295553,0.9717588,0.02420004,0.0000489886,0.0002793381,0.00003867921,0.0001246589,0.00009538028,0.0001585177],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5689729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090771768","doi":"10.1109/tro.2014.2361937","title":"Virtual Constraint Control of a Powered Prosthetic Leg: From Simulation to Experiments With Transfemoral Amputees","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Robustness (evolution); Gait; Robot; Computer science; Feedback linearization; Constraint (computer-aided design); Linearization; Inverted pendulum; Control (management); Control engineering; Simulation; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Nonlinear system; Physical medicine and rehabilitation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009081136220933407,"gpt":0.2220301461980484,"spread":0.212949009977115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007898419,0.0002233613,0.0003025818,0.0001377166,0.00005835471,0.00002838934,0.0001162689,0.0001048141,0.00003029325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004816331,0.0002010646,0.00009200252,0.0001735186,0.0001103915,0.0000682696,5.001885e-7,0.0001621799,0.00001882966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005148589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002410426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006741372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001329773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988901,0.00004640554,0.0003625128,0.000213187,0.0002657336,0.0002220562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992349,0.0002045105,0.00003698726,0.0002811347,0.0001065117,0.0001359815],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008962213,0.0001618166,0.00001770211,0.00001746772,0.00007398659,7.34412e-7,0.001070067,0.9806974,0.01003862,0.0002834575,0.000002583025,0.007546571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001905902,0.001162531,0.0001691695,0.0001016524,0.00008465417,0.000001934656,0.000207738,0.9604738,0.03543059,0.00008846588,0.00006967471,0.000303858],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08094987,0.00001321926,0.9176787,0.0001376341,0.0003967931,0.0004905448,0.00008081688,0.0001466494,0.0001057696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9747339,0.000003477298,0.02504581,0.00007987738,0.00002252513,0.00002682588,0.000005236179,0.00004883411,0.00003351859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.893784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8199174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019944740","doi":"10.1053/apmr.2001.25153","title":"The 2-minute walk test as a measure of functional improvement in persons with lower limb amputation","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":201,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"West Park Healthcare Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Amputation; Rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Medicine; Population; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Psychology; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005318249641945359,"gpt":0.2120818485352367,"spread":0.2067635988932913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001124436,0.00008382494,0.0001419326,0.00009342604,0.00003689698,0.000003348013,0.00003955971,0.00001789813,0.000001669714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003801451,0.00004846578,0.00004271375,0.0001412638,0.0004635377,0.00004278581,0.00001128256,0.00009147314,2.957616e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009979841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001680089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000190611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002122042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993819,0.00002398613,0.0002099788,0.0001043703,0.0001860885,0.00009369585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997218,0.002543359,0.00004884468,0.00009959083,0.00005373865,0.00003647412],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001189696,0.001397728,0.03423642,0.001270517,0.0001708122,0.000003484193,0.07400343,0.2060736,0.3891232,0.03524066,0.0001106198,0.2571798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003537594,0.02448625,0.4153468,0.001265747,0.00009846072,0.000006105473,0.01395545,0.4471067,0.001394608,0.09224161,0.0002405136,0.0003201347],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99309,0.0001667561,0.003132691,0.002458405,0.00004617,0.0002592774,0.000001986659,0.00001398324,0.0008307692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990289,0.00003209767,0.0008371312,0.00001086734,0.00003869514,0.00002287059,0.00000351837,0.000008028726,0.00001792535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3877286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1976377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293528854","doi":"10.1093/ptj/85.7.626","title":"The L Test of Functional Mobility: Measurement Properties of a Modified Version of the Timed “Up &amp; Go” Test Designed for People With Lower-Limb Amputations","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Therapy","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health; University of British Columbia; St Joseph's Health Centre; GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Intraclass correlation; Test (biology); Concurrent validity; Discriminant validity; Physical therapy; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Amputation; Inter-rater reliability; Timed Up and Go test; Reliability (semiconductor); Psychology; Gait; Activities of daily living; Intra-rater reliability; Convergent validity; Medicine; Balance (ability); Psychometrics; Developmental psychology; Surgery; Rating scale","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04214829315626702,"gpt":0.223373587907182,"spread":0.181225294750915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001589416,0.00008749063,0.000149011,0.00001546862,0.0000784068,0.000006495829,0.0001057769,0.00002160905,0.000002191581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001288231,0.00004351872,0.0001029283,0.0001388126,0.0001434748,0.00003260989,0.000009491603,0.00004899594,0.000001214163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003612345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004527841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003533126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001205889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993309,0.0000213117,0.0001825787,0.00008075201,0.0002896252,0.0000947792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989956,0.0003748347,0.00006629931,0.0002066903,0.0003372429,0.00001931307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002759295,0.0007577424,0.0002628723,0.00008572968,0.00007354726,2.817421e-9,0.001043708,0.4326641,0.5621296,0.0003497665,0.00009575827,0.002261315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003118187,0.001943111,0.02240703,0.0001958568,0.00008069874,4.723589e-7,0.0002591617,0.4472983,0.5204136,0.003134296,0.0008748808,0.0002743769],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821778,0.0001883823,0.01622125,0.0005148388,0.00006847031,0.0007330498,0.00002115928,0.00002360594,0.0000514461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992864,0.00001925759,0.0005224072,0.00000764047,0.00003043383,0.00007323705,0.000001453601,0.00001386333,0.00004530899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04171594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1774642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767704770","doi":"10.1109/tro.2017.2765334","title":"Asymmetric Bimanual Control of Dual-Arm Exoskeletons for Human-Cooperative Manipulations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Guangzhou Research Collaborative Innovation Projects; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Impedance control; Control theory (sociology); Exoskeleton; Trajectory; Torque; Powered exoskeleton; Robot; Computer science; Motion control; Motion (physics); Adaptive control; Engineering; Control engineering; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02592105328872431,"gpt":0.2815245987535887,"spread":0.2556035454648644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001252797,0.0001971228,0.0002896545,0.0002552426,0.0006679727,0.00006946551,0.0001996076,0.0001315817,0.00003025009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002825174,0.0001979595,0.0001926405,0.0001365847,0.000153619,0.000134522,0.000001254841,0.0001983446,0.00001931918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006962597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003081369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001086604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004326539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990124,0.00002088046,0.0003914483,0.000181312,0.0001492392,0.000244774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988294,0.0002292595,0.00009839639,0.0005201849,0.000232877,0.00008990666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009179079,0.0002079541,0.00001705468,0.00005398506,0.0001085369,5.446643e-7,0.0001104843,0.9877436,0.002049537,0.006663949,0.00009938167,0.002935812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002875732,0.0007747763,0.001674679,0.0000757843,0.0003165139,0.000005587198,0.000121132,0.9674222,0.02387581,0.001886541,0.0004334059,0.000537783],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00278276,0.00005338547,0.9941962,0.0002976123,0.0008750386,0.0006065873,0.0001813916,0.0001142027,0.0008927741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9761528,0.00003295028,0.02311429,0.00002355101,0.00004729268,0.00007196514,0.000007246008,0.00005024162,0.000499639],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9733701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8072552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2198017374","doi":"10.1007/8415_2012_126","title":"ArtiSynth: A Fast Interactive Biomechanical Modeling Toolkit Combining Multibody and Finite Element Simulation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in mechanobiology, tissue engineering and biomaterials","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Computer science; Computation; Component (thermodynamics); Set (abstract data type); Timeline; Point (geometry); Nonlinear system; Simulation; Computer graphics (images); Algorithm; Engineering; Geometry; Structural engineering; Programming language; Physics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03590577067565204,"gpt":0.2978126224641208,"spread":0.2619068517884688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004217208,0.0004742476,0.0007585643,0.0003193696,0.00006728363,0.00003497905,0.00008259196,0.0004054195,0.00002148524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000121344,0.0004391694,0.00004285702,0.00003967485,0.00009078407,0.00006898645,0.0002151985,0.0001512038,0.000007527991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001088103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005228024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003653442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002753173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985187,0.00002667111,0.0006419304,0.0003580565,0.00008575728,0.0003688913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992477,0.0003582496,0.00009042509,0.0001681167,0.00005792599,0.00007755955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005108321,0.00002972921,0.000005531892,0.001694507,0.0008198473,0.00002280329,0.003229144,0.6479889,0.324389,0.00930392,0.00001616645,0.01244931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006474943,0.000279858,0.000004441921,0.001418713,0.0001257588,0.00002036962,0.000351833,0.9799939,0.01071873,0.00199388,0.003506008,0.0009390143],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5139107,0.1577029,0.277443,0.0005412868,0.03444225,0.007935149,0.002411237,0.003408242,0.002205231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923514,0.003845184,0.003169001,0.000008499782,0.0001958551,0.00005270897,0.00007211798,0.00008370433,0.0002215503],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4784407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121196653","doi":"10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","title":"Towards a personal robotics development platform: Rationale and design of an intrinsically safe personal robot","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Robotics; Payload (computing); Mechanical impedance; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Robot; Mechanical design; Human–computer interaction; Robotic arm; Identification (biology); Mobile robot; Simulation; Systems engineering; Engineering; Electrical impedance; Computer security; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03154193238526853,"gpt":0.2193974176959769,"spread":0.1878554853107083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001363526,0.0001322154,0.0001653177,0.00007602501,0.00009442607,0.00001367742,0.00006684005,0.00007460669,0.0000684989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002552249,0.0001164159,0.00002969425,0.00008832299,0.0001075677,0.0001209236,0.00002417297,0.00009588034,0.000006862697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004826509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001502279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002947516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004575154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991797,0.00001316885,0.0002645292,0.0001338582,0.0002483471,0.0001603674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996235,0.00006251845,0.0000250721,0.00006806783,0.0001063931,0.0001144152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006646405,0.0002695242,0.0008042798,0.0001844843,0.0001332981,0.00001584586,0.01816246,0.9404858,0.006430249,0.005596254,0.0004209232,0.02743038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007119848,0.0002267586,0.02106658,0.00002199321,0.00001242447,0.00009331469,0.0004238636,0.9734374,0.002870863,0.0003020278,0.0005118609,0.0003209756],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2673349,0.0001699221,0.731187,0.0001794639,0.0001008685,0.0002865445,0.000005969204,0.00009049332,0.0006448182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6006201,0.00004458274,0.3990753,0.000035749,0.00002429358,0.000008035046,0.00001220465,0.00001493579,0.0001648568],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3332852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4747302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767155959","doi":"10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00037","title":"Osseointegration for Lower-Limb Amputation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"JBJS Reviews","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Osseointegration; Amputation; Medicine; Quality of life (healthcare); Rehabilitation; Prosthesis; Evidence-based medicine; Perioperative; Soft tissue; Orthopedic surgery; Physical therapy; Implant; Surgery; Nursing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1884013317553768,"gpt":0.4245439123629862,"spread":0.2361425806076093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005336682,0.0003681434,0.0015414,0.0001131738,0.0001139249,0.0001272891,0.00027846,0.0002682966,0.00001791462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003716089,0.000265164,0.0009277955,0.00008244534,0.0000340093,0.0000937449,0.00001756801,0.0002099391,0.0003479018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001190269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000558438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.883348e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000382509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984888,0.00006088496,0.0008998633,0.0002493442,0.0001014179,0.0001996916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987406,0.0001424724,0.0003781519,0.0005984883,0.00007656508,0.00006370344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[4.147026e-7,0.000008761664,2.348602e-8,0.0337933,0.00002269503,2.960041e-7,0.0000164351,0.00008745477,1.755764e-7,0.0003278257,0.005976872,0.9597657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005760622,0.0000634298,1.922146e-7,0.009165009,0.000285844,0.000004398719,0.000001127592,0.00130618,2.117169e-7,0.0002540326,0.9885757,0.00028626],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[3.918828e-8,0.9612712,0.03306277,0.0000157975,0.001504244,0.002752361,0.00004328444,0.0001032442,0.001247018],"genre_scores_gemma":[3.373161e-7,0.9898897,0.00761231,0.00001204474,0.0003170165,0.0007535183,0.0003065885,0.00008744248,0.001020989],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9825988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157198666","doi":"10.1093/ptj/82.9.856","title":"Balance Confidence Among People With Lower-Limb Amputations","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Therapy","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St Joseph's Health Care; Western University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fear of falling; Confidence interval; Balance (ability); Medicine; Physical therapy; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Psychology; Injury prevention; Poison control; Internal medicine; Emergency medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009376223870570261,"gpt":0.2117147308902858,"spread":0.2023385070197156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001772441,0.00009408804,0.0001115911,0.00001781703,0.00004469327,0.00002750463,0.00007878389,0.00002022454,0.00005502048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004368309,0.0000713261,0.00004122507,0.0001575737,0.00006540005,0.00007491667,0.000004075787,0.0000897124,0.00007270732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001197691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002354992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000309074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002247619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995606,0.000009691757,0.00007256093,0.0001025488,0.0001178462,0.0001367713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996777,0.00007269573,0.0000141494,0.000147323,0.00003701826,0.0000511069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004284319,0.0008726203,0.01418268,0.000071414,0.0001647673,0.00000817126,0.008448623,0.9229623,0.009732626,0.02324459,0.001961762,0.01830761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005508068,0.0004048921,0.03346919,0.00002445794,0.000006004054,0.000001389003,0.00005014192,0.9579397,0.001186369,0.004771669,0.001316211,0.0002791372],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795814,0.0001590996,0.01750336,0.0002294796,0.00009894835,0.0001463467,0.000003345033,0.0001863385,0.00209169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990102,0.0001539886,0.0005402287,0.00004324094,0.00007009095,0.00002462283,0.000001646338,0.00002118721,0.0001347872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03497745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2908594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971691194","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.029","title":"Validity of the Microsoft Kinect for providing lateral trunk lean feedback during gait retraining","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Gait & Posture","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Trunk; Computer science; Kinematics; Gait; Calibration; Biofeedback; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Retraining; Motion capture; Simulation; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Mathematics; Motion (physics); Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01034391839207703,"gpt":0.2060476230680053,"spread":0.1957037046759282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001217477,0.0001579468,0.0001837243,0.0000384948,0.0001193904,0.0000448765,0.0002030176,0.0001212602,0.00002999717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000901033,0.0001140626,0.0001465292,0.0001200488,0.00004986582,0.00008683526,0.00004542575,0.0002025385,0.00000746597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004298151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001465525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007870605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005781279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991704,0.00001664858,0.0002573844,0.0001555393,0.0001244796,0.0002755502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994555,0.00008284446,0.00006165516,0.0002476859,0.0001037485,0.00004857323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001982357,0.00004669646,0.01731954,0.001126048,0.00007167005,8.564875e-7,0.00535902,0.01780841,0.9533647,0.0003629583,0.003403849,0.001116437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00195005,0.0002361265,0.7713641,0.0005535947,0.0000874375,0.00002906092,0.0005986005,0.03519973,0.1825519,0.003476245,0.003143451,0.0008096876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973805,0.00009561788,0.0004026179,0.0005099456,0.0004823842,0.0006359922,0.00002690535,0.000106549,0.0003595071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996577,0.000006636475,0.002859905,0.00005851273,0.0001173355,0.00003007191,0.000008803784,0.00004263753,0.0002990637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7708127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4651339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152615201","doi":"10.1017/s026357470800458x","title":"A shape memory alloy-based tendon-driven actuation system for biomimetic artificial fingers, part I: design and evaluation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Robotica","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":175,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Shape-memory alloy; SMA*; Artificial muscle; Pneumatic artificial muscles; Feed forward; Computer science; Controller (irrigation); Actuator; Control theory (sociology); Testbed; Engineering; Control engineering; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04934628209364382,"gpt":0.2483659278202371,"spread":0.1990196457265933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004754586,0.000143829,0.0001797884,0.0001085029,0.0001617557,0.00003070466,0.00006464723,0.0001048501,0.00001434785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001392145,0.0001387919,0.00005917691,0.0001209618,0.00006804986,0.00006203105,0.000008407704,0.00006698639,0.00001702755],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001079193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007988923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001105704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.980297e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990042,0.00006931097,0.0002857284,0.0001995446,0.000233861,0.0002073829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991797,0.0003682801,0.000047598,0.000168017,0.0001574664,0.00007893448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001999174,0.00002697709,0.00001932177,0.000123164,0.00002303981,9.023669e-7,0.0002145386,0.9865642,0.008825577,0.0002812033,0.0002213738,0.003679729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000548775,0.0001179018,0.0002706989,0.00006220724,0.00008675839,0.000004509495,0.00005279902,0.9935875,0.004895019,0.0001133067,0.00009366261,0.0001668476],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1206748,0.0003830107,0.8749081,0.0006208945,0.0007251634,0.002192529,0.00001415833,0.0003615964,0.0001197993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9373564,0.00001592741,0.06227901,0.00002318164,0.00008545398,0.0001620228,0.0000342784,0.00003441555,0.000009362518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8166816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.565977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001478173","doi":"10.1097/00008526-200203000-00003","title":"Kinematic and Kinetic Variations of Below-Knee Amputee Gait","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Gait; Ankle; Ground reaction force; Kinematics; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Gait analysis; Biomechanics; Population; Hip flexion; Medicine; Physical therapy; Range of motion; Anatomy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00827752392165619,"gpt":0.1897943898674718,"spread":0.1815168659458156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002413552,0.0001451455,0.0003078404,0.0001644378,0.00005152517,0.00004192973,0.00008339441,0.00008822386,0.00002493813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008901717,0.0001208323,0.00007143796,0.0001552057,0.0001218997,0.00006910096,0.00003072731,0.0001971731,0.000001647004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001329576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001171781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.965159e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001007408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988636,0.00002421688,0.0006473112,0.00008166253,0.0002232023,0.0001600155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991609,0.0001211469,0.0002083501,0.0001460553,0.0002367176,0.0001268173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009001042,0.002307782,0.05699962,0.007806819,0.001349569,0.0001968119,0.03284168,0.4926645,0.02400422,0.2503435,0.003243936,0.1281516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003603664,0.002484578,0.03740849,0.0008583397,0.000668229,0.001120024,0.0005058282,0.9159082,0.001378139,0.0248262,0.01032607,0.000912195],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9275042,0.009838307,0.05817376,0.001281698,0.0009313849,0.000526837,0.00003277335,0.00005528214,0.001655744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9614838,0.00161496,0.03672889,0.00002624246,0.00004853393,0.00000112052,8.016753e-7,0.00002609004,0.00006959536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4232438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4927398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048379220","doi":"10.1007/s43154-020-00015-4","title":"Human-Robot Interaction in Rehabilitation and Assistance: a Review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Current Robotics Reports","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Rehabilitation; Human–robot interaction; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Robot; Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04331554553020657,"gpt":0.3541744538710312,"spread":0.3108589083408247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004386306,0.0004840015,0.001635044,0.0002494215,0.00004980469,0.00006177012,0.0001087052,0.0002118438,0.00001316665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003844089,0.000449136,0.0003140752,0.0005234178,0.00007119249,0.0001208142,0.00007252642,0.0008279909,0.00001421387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003622693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009080704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001034323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000516307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970408,0.0001203891,0.001758414,0.0005435329,0.0002761162,0.000260748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986323,0.0001877528,0.0004644917,0.0004780045,0.00009058184,0.0001468572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.207961e-7,0.00005996225,0.00002480165,0.1870783,0.00003771738,0.00006147528,0.00008939049,0.006003715,4.674849e-7,0.0002844835,0.001989985,0.8043694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005751822,0.00004113909,0.00003617203,0.09778408,0.000325119,0.0001247921,0.000008316874,0.0008202481,6.691903e-8,0.0002940837,0.9000685,0.0004399463],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000118692,0.9951844,0.001183526,0.0001175226,0.001779963,0.001352803,0.00000672865,0.0001525314,0.0002213034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004584525,0.9971451,0.002278099,0.00001057792,0.0001006628,0.000165954,0.000146701,0.00008931975,0.00001772869],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8980786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974897093","doi":"10.1016/s0003-9993(02)04807-4","title":"Psychometric properties of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale among individuals with a lower-limb amputation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Coastal Health","funders":"","keywords":"Intraclass correlation; Cronbach's alpha; Amputation; Confidence interval; Construct validity; Berg Balance Scale; Timed Up and Go test; Physical therapy; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Rehabilitation; Balance (ability); Population; Psychology; Medicine; Test (biology); Reliability (semiconductor); Psychometrics; Clinical psychology; Psychiatry; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007527688915851177,"gpt":0.2126183587896026,"spread":0.2050906698737514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001132129,0.0001020323,0.0002107534,0.0001465325,0.00004016003,0.000005165519,0.00007330465,0.00002211318,0.000001508624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002483236,0.00005666089,0.00005444386,0.0003315315,0.001172931,0.00008246586,0.0000118738,0.0001027506,1.391399e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000062538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001263888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000453631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001639131,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992625,0.0000725081,0.000220632,0.000129756,0.0002176345,0.00009695497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998823,0.0008414336,0.00008713303,0.000167551,0.00004434336,0.00003647697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001944204,0.0007496602,0.3000166,0.003267415,0.0001466832,2.041884e-7,0.09546909,0.08753602,0.4475112,0.04307263,0.00005705181,0.02197903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001903256,0.00505913,0.8583205,0.002867307,0.00007974671,0.000002764805,0.008388557,0.03677414,0.03708535,0.04906371,0.0001069274,0.000348585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943603,0.0004159423,0.004054471,0.0002495941,0.00007120013,0.0003217953,0.00000251179,0.00001757824,0.0005065705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975663,0.00003938206,0.002331681,0.000006038727,0.00001893206,0.00001964507,7.624486e-7,0.00001011337,0.000007089942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5583039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4321712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979404848","doi":"10.1053/apmr.2002.34600","title":"Reliability of the two-minute walk test in individuals with transtibial amputation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":160,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"West Park Healthcare Centre; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Intraclass correlation; Stopwatch; Physical therapy; Medicine; Amputation; Rehabilitation; Intra-rater reliability; Test (biology); Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Reliability (semiconductor); Repeated measures design; Standard error; Psychology; Psychometrics; Surgery; Confidence interval; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005936416455284514,"gpt":0.2188302793029895,"spread":0.212893862847705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001157751,0.00009004173,0.000204956,0.00009627989,0.0000213367,0.000002009813,0.00006839752,0.00002069836,0.00000245859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005292055,0.00005181836,0.00004962179,0.000207708,0.0007642183,0.00005676439,0.00001330615,0.0001156965,1.710114e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007055348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000571829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001851405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001098723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992761,0.00005956412,0.0002831513,0.0001220615,0.0001706081,0.00008848605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967424,0.002985852,0.00005602849,0.0001498711,0.00003418427,0.00003166898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000447919,0.001065011,0.2320241,0.002211184,0.00004112214,5.251729e-7,0.1782987,0.3799696,0.09573158,0.01081052,0.00003267149,0.09977029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001715657,0.001750078,0.660307,0.0007003563,0.00004033841,0.00000103128,0.001104407,0.2891419,0.001407015,0.04368993,0.00002260572,0.0001197275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964873,0.00008464678,0.001207203,0.001287897,0.0000321561,0.0003168331,0.000007130636,0.00001478347,0.0005620377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995162,0.00001228959,0.004768248,0.000008106759,0.00002565106,0.00001090433,0.000001824184,0.000007778779,0.000003214233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4282829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2815794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000108355","doi":"10.1053/apmr.2001.25987","title":"Lower extremity prosthetic mobility: A comparison of 3 self-report scales","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Psychology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008976882905660462,"gpt":0.2706285035534441,"spread":0.2616516206477836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001473976,0.0001245836,0.00038147,0.0001204896,0.00002884191,0.000002283745,0.00006705969,0.00003517361,0.000003909723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003761926,0.00009202716,0.0001003972,0.0001552134,0.0007302438,0.00005321721,0.00002257163,0.0001056358,6.811192e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000084349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001026592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009006666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003059549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998996,0.00004922471,0.0004586531,0.0001699029,0.0002031308,0.0001230462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977148,0.001822741,0.00009274067,0.0002293507,0.00006741194,0.00007299158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000303235,0.005448636,0.3956718,0.006696788,0.0002736202,0.00001043509,0.123603,0.02342988,0.1613722,0.03244048,0.0002886433,0.2504613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002234122,0.00550087,0.4369101,0.001444066,0.0002264011,0.00003465893,0.005824378,0.4159971,0.002294172,0.1272412,0.001755381,0.0005375283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994315,0.0003770422,0.002447823,0.0006860644,0.00008369299,0.0003109707,0.00000283488,0.0000613283,0.00171521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992924,0.00004061298,0.006930348,0.000005241615,0.0000520107,0.00001543484,0.000006246311,0.00001273383,0.00001340322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3925673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3752759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111079689","doi":"","title":"The L test of functional mobility: measurement properties of a modified version of the timed \"up & go\" test designed for people with lower-limb amputations.","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":158,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; St Joseph's Health Centre; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Intraclass correlation; Concurrent validity; Test (biology); Discriminant validity; Amputation; Timed Up and Go test; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Inter-rater reliability; Intra-rater reliability; Gait; Psychology; Reliability (semiconductor); Activities of daily living; Convergent validity; Medicine; Balance (ability); Psychometrics; Surgery; Developmental psychology; Rating scale","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02942576809192255,"gpt":0.1740019353406058,"spread":0.1445761672486832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004431623,0.00008189951,0.0001311198,0.00003081724,0.00007556175,0.000008206357,0.0001123334,0.00003313046,0.000001530831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006324431,0.00004405527,0.00006940377,0.0001532784,0.0001246806,0.00004078898,0.00001703889,0.00004431849,4.646847e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007156688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005135931,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004430184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004146291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991735,0.00001826786,0.000271548,0.00008437607,0.0003153762,0.0001369884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989685,0.0002876229,0.00009039249,0.0002012849,0.0004249095,0.0000272475],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000387844,0.0005757394,0.003475063,0.0005561906,0.0001271675,1.965953e-8,0.0007963327,0.9462255,0.03478644,0.000216457,0.0004976009,0.01235571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00332381,0.00069874,0.4554277,0.0001796851,0.0002265871,0.000002249519,0.0005974094,0.3075503,0.2304204,0.0004710607,0.0007727828,0.0003292066],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9761127,0.0006700361,0.01751578,0.001417569,0.0003145622,0.003563514,0.00004826107,0.00005731379,0.0003002611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987663,0.000007902514,0.0004608842,0.000005956802,0.00001509547,0.000607006,0.000001228371,0.00001301935,0.0001225789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6386752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1796522,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127536823","doi":"10.1186/1743-0003-11-169","title":"A survey of stakeholder perspectives on exoskeleton technology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries; British Columbia Institute of Technology; GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre; University of British Columbia Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Institute of Technology; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries; Rick Hansen Institute","keywords":"Exoskeleton; Wheelchair; Psychosocial; Health care; Applied psychology; Qualitative research; Exploratory research; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Physical medicine and rehabilitation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01012927975211011,"gpt":0.2119398704697382,"spread":0.2018105907176281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003758916,0.00009253138,0.0002020938,0.0003847719,0.00001724071,0.000008749864,0.00006267413,0.00005142681,0.000001224806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009731418,0.00007753733,0.00004458418,0.000233224,0.00007352157,0.00005790695,0.000007075239,0.0001777248,4.305803e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002212143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000115979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.801693e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993152,0.00004603842,0.0003386984,0.00007656759,0.0001310687,0.00009244839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989253,0.0005905367,0.0000845018,0.0001104781,0.0002467749,0.00004245756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004675053,0.0001261023,0.007635501,0.0004321543,0.00005200793,0.000001683368,0.002691915,0.9471343,0.02382043,0.004150176,0.0001927792,0.01371621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001466764,0.006928301,0.7901497,0.0004483766,0.00004052032,0.00004918408,0.001985301,0.194176,0.001844184,0.00140228,0.001136551,0.0003728624],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860077,0.000380292,0.01283817,0.0003675752,0.0002519813,0.00006161446,0.000002288854,0.00003451285,0.00005585171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955924,0.0001066954,0.00424844,0.000003885456,0.00002381823,0.000001169183,3.760782e-7,0.00001805985,0.000005209435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7825142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3161881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057510125","doi":"10.1016/j.apmr.2008.11.003","title":"Quality of Life of Persons With Lower-Limb Amputation During Rehabilitation and at 3-Month Follow-Up","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Rehabilitation; Amputation; Psychosocial; Quality of life (healthcare); Medicine; Physical therapy; Prosthesis; Lower limb amputation; Phantom limb; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Surgery; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006986559199564682,"gpt":0.2455863961304811,"spread":0.2385998369309164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001780439,0.000139099,0.0004306033,0.0001820195,0.00004393733,0.000002248168,0.00004616524,0.00003774633,0.000001817617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009655511,0.0001038153,0.00008853327,0.0001633803,0.0007566029,0.00009830976,0.00001509722,0.00007987936,1.196491e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001347029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001408372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002077128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001169066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988823,0.00008917742,0.0004834065,0.000187222,0.0002430511,0.0001148546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965137,0.002969435,0.0001696046,0.0001662321,0.00009304037,0.00008793829],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002738544,0.0007718804,0.03816564,0.007841205,0.0001769704,4.644268e-7,0.1453294,0.03137095,0.7065176,0.02810282,0.00006203113,0.03892246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003352369,0.01314277,0.9300696,0.0007675075,0.00007196732,9.657216e-7,0.005502719,0.02397343,0.001711521,0.02117616,0.00001354049,0.0002174342],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965076,0.0002716171,0.001224131,0.00122879,0.00003976595,0.000310255,0.00001006764,0.00002560608,0.0003821829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927624,0.00003381132,0.007122892,0.000007654252,0.00003060887,0.00000707341,0.000009660223,0.0000115335,0.00001433603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.891904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4233465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1864504421","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0135342","title":"\"Body-In-The-Loop\": Optimizing Device Parameters Using Measures of Instantaneous Energetic Cost","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Army Research Office; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan; University of Michigan; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Maxima and minima; Polynomial; Metronome; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Estimation theory; Algorithm; Range (aeronautics); Instantaneous phase; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1272379594813716,"gpt":0.2443011084886885,"spread":0.1170631490073169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002607374,0.0000967702,0.0001831791,0.0000813221,0.00002134127,0.00001940817,0.0001425748,0.00005110248,0.000001928202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001335954,0.00008242861,0.00002993457,0.0002000088,0.00004728904,0.00004480829,0.000015776,0.0001135493,0.000004024446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007009188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002606187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001972423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001271154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991474,0.0000452211,0.0002404595,0.00009065289,0.0003071387,0.000169155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999508,0.000113424,0.00003522916,0.0001915211,0.00009622237,0.00005556014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001484157,0.0002989269,0.0006564566,0.0001726142,0.00007540106,0.00001432922,0.001827722,0.950387,0.04600345,0.0001962896,0.00002047341,0.000332515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008192986,0.0002187917,0.0001505276,0.0004528075,0.0001892984,0.00002154539,0.001230191,0.9093537,0.08659115,0.0004543356,0.0001254933,0.0003928974],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954873,0.0006074361,0.002757987,0.00008533648,0.00006489077,0.0002228186,0.00000383018,0.00004474014,0.0007256283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9576959,0.00005047631,0.04215715,0.00004331469,0.0000134047,0.000008733145,0.000001993111,0.00002148832,0.000007513173],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04103332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3361341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162793360","doi":"10.3109/03093646.2010.520060","title":"Lower-Limb Prosthetic Technologies in the Developing World","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Work (physics); Medicine; Function (biology); Medical physics; Risk analysis (engineering); Engineering; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02349714810526173,"gpt":0.2889891859799764,"spread":0.2654920378747146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004678007,0.0004406727,0.0006084924,0.0005552747,0.00009081957,0.0002458868,0.0007656288,0.000381843,0.00000928655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001093028,0.0003001785,0.0001901834,0.000446719,0.0002557797,0.00005752296,0.000167104,0.001259698,0.00002219614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009223213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009061478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.913182e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004019007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981934,0.00004293902,0.0007240655,0.0003401169,0.0003626882,0.0003367295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990522,0.0002534962,0.0001414849,0.0004202863,0.00009694992,0.00003555297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002419696,0.00006245988,0.00007603107,0.002113187,0.00004635752,0.00002672558,0.0001795354,0.0001245688,7.705622e-7,0.04930093,0.00009362133,0.9479734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001111059,0.0000401832,0.0000197222,0.001731628,0.00006667917,0.0001178371,0.00005268429,0.001391393,0.000002342873,0.004651415,0.9914114,0.0004036169],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008930211,0.9930452,0.0004934089,0.0007915649,0.001738811,0.001065927,0.00005621919,0.0002367407,0.002482866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001240112,0.9927244,0.005414687,0.00004011952,0.00007856575,0.0001755693,0.00004990475,0.00008094545,0.0001957102],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9913177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2496379565","doi":"10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.531","title":"Risk Factors for Falls in People With a Lower Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"PM&R","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Amputation; CINAHL; Rehabilitation; Cohort study; Physical therapy; Population; Acute care; MEDLINE; Cohort; Injury prevention; Poison control; Emergency medicine; Surgery; Health care; Internal medicine; Psychological intervention; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01337239819046895,"gpt":0.2639239267004267,"spread":0.2505515285099578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002814271,0.0003165443,0.00173098,0.0001252805,0.00002484993,0.00002607764,0.0001624413,0.0001357631,0.00001481543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003184768,0.0001723969,0.00031541,0.0002538718,0.00001594038,0.00004155983,0.00001401828,0.0001474178,0.0000631853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001349958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005844355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001895538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001265496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986773,0.00007696955,0.0006945134,0.0002035117,0.0001423842,0.0002052874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986092,0.0007066167,0.0002264169,0.0003291356,0.00007104593,0.00005759826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[6.170377e-7,0.00001408829,0.000003469671,0.9929754,0.00009324672,7.702995e-7,0.00009892727,0.0002348783,5.640278e-9,0.00005903507,0.00009272125,0.006426862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001453247,0.0001249172,0.000002323847,0.8783191,0.001058868,0.00000669365,0.0000151979,0.0004305128,4.038748e-8,0.00005151986,0.119447,0.0003984731],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004131669,0.988601,0.007085325,0.00001210586,0.0002081862,0.003852531,0.00008642388,0.00007661892,0.00007373656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002894457,0.9980494,0.0006400528,0.000009256514,0.00002965489,0.0009667365,0.00003914132,0.00008125461,0.000155555],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1193543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7030143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112148202","doi":"10.1109/tmech.2020.3044289","title":"Human-in-the-Loop Control of a Wearable Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Stable Dynamic Walking","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Exoskeleton; Wearable computer; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Computer science; Closed loop; Control theory (sociology); Control (management); Simulation; Engineering; Control engineering; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Embedded system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01093706893325138,"gpt":0.2328339360811115,"spread":0.2218968671478601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002586432,0.0001811808,0.0002686225,0.0001023617,0.0001185581,0.00002909796,0.000220147,0.0001195971,0.0000408318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009774702,0.0001640529,0.000197739,0.000258749,0.00003494621,0.00009072231,0.000001068224,0.0003300648,0.0000127975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009873787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003753833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005625899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003941891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988477,0.00003953723,0.0003779765,0.0002007048,0.0002043061,0.0003297436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993961,0.000172083,0.00004979202,0.0002556623,0.00006224497,0.00006405436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005663305,0.0001353303,0.000001299511,0.000226837,0.0000499277,0.000001005678,0.0005253896,0.9721239,0.02351253,0.001347336,0.00006125478,0.001958568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002184991,0.001196916,0.00001271288,0.00008795181,0.00009941563,0.000002004513,0.0005712548,0.9838602,0.007515601,0.001430798,0.002727706,0.000310474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04462991,0.0004132229,0.9522619,0.001198159,0.00041845,0.0007601947,0.0000880505,0.0001199153,0.0001101764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960693,0.0001076864,0.003399926,0.0001479024,0.00002290859,0.0001036305,0.000003704908,0.00005007409,0.00009487991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9514394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6689885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079273351","doi":"10.1002/ca.10112","title":"Documentation and three‐dimensional modelling of human soleus muscle architecture","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Anatomy","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Soleus muscle; Bundle; Architecture; Computer science; Documentation; Fiber; Anatomy; Cadaver; Medicine; Biomedical engineering; Skeletal muscle; Materials science; Composite material; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02977758116281553,"gpt":0.3060207878850366,"spread":0.2762432067222211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002158234,0.00006668606,0.0001309567,0.00003173456,0.0000366713,0.000008636634,0.00003646282,0.00006827845,0.00002803932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002649259,0.00005780908,0.00005326892,0.00005417511,0.00009362806,0.00002981445,0.00001089926,0.0001317378,0.000003249573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005799388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008056582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002972226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004557271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993796,0.00002510917,0.0003115158,0.0001080799,0.00008692638,0.00008873763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996384,0.0001374316,0.0000319708,0.00009814108,0.00003482354,0.00005922921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000419445,0.00009402025,0.005457007,0.00009887717,0.00004098883,0.000002544922,0.0001565182,0.9545274,0.0008690973,0.02740449,0.0001092724,0.0112356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001969025,0.0003450521,0.01785051,0.0001087398,0.00006104467,0.000007805094,0.00008330287,0.7626123,0.001501731,0.2109221,0.00409523,0.0004431956],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9476184,0.0003219999,0.05109955,0.00007161865,0.0001349884,0.00008753243,0.000002441656,0.00003542203,0.0006280486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859667,0.00002299843,0.01392896,0.00002754968,0.00001807767,0.000002355033,0.000003641126,0.00001052966,0.00001922527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1919151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2357386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073007927","doi":"10.1097/00002060-200101000-00007","title":"Muscle Power Compensatory Mechanisms in Below-Knee Amputee Gait","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"","keywords":"Ankle; Gait; Medicine; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Balance (ability); Gait analysis; Anatomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004121853670011363,"gpt":0.2321887168697594,"spread":0.228066863199748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005029933,0.0001753364,0.0005083408,0.0003143556,0.00002946189,0.000008291033,0.0001511219,0.00003402156,0.00002964507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004046907,0.0001402268,0.0001386048,0.0006108787,0.0004007565,0.0001627072,0.0000147868,0.0003321139,0.00001144691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001544085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003322153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000155875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005012054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984294,0.0001166266,0.0006213549,0.0001422041,0.000456222,0.0002341678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981579,0.00104578,0.0002031248,0.0001891757,0.0002447531,0.0001592896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001332917,0.0007377652,0.003282124,0.0001223157,0.0000921929,0.00004825716,0.02297581,0.1236271,0.0346197,0.0186637,0.0004009773,0.7952968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007279998,0.1298159,0.5941182,0.001905994,0.0002004766,0.0001278627,0.0338839,0.09560924,0.0002678343,0.1246506,0.01074471,0.001395224],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823039,0.0001121292,0.01487878,0.001616074,0.0004077287,0.0001666604,0.000001187003,0.0000411025,0.0004724899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905169,0.000005847562,0.009103202,0.0001420456,0.0001873489,0.000005975692,0.000001500531,0.00003077153,0.000006434669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7939016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5718281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070990578","doi":"10.1016/j.apmr.2003.09.025","title":"Houghton scale of prosthetic use in people with lower-extremity amputations: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cronbach's alpha; Intraclass correlation; Amputation; Rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Reliability (semiconductor); Convergent validity; Ceiling effect; Psychology; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Medicine; Psychometrics; Internal consistency; Surgery; Developmental psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04689133809647919,"gpt":0.3038653744417784,"spread":0.2569740363452993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002078719,0.0001437921,0.0003259657,0.0001444745,0.0002038631,0.0000289681,0.0001926327,0.00005692029,0.000001668668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0125169,0.00005832309,0.00003189683,0.001607625,0.0007499637,0.0001374012,0.00009481103,0.0003404068,1.079105e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003946392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001342409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006383193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01843975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979661,0.0006810189,0.0005017761,0.0002475292,0.0003854255,0.0002181765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9904822,0.008499234,0.000190497,0.0003425051,0.0004403646,0.00004518619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003780526,0.001257522,0.2931793,0.0009656874,0.00003208527,0.00000253075,0.6389151,0.0491813,0.006322457,0.003336041,0.0001214815,0.002906017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001414169,0.002456684,0.9730002,0.00202237,0.00004581976,0.000002689731,0.00805963,0.007735374,0.001137027,0.003991953,0.00002849375,0.0001056216],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740051,0.00001557075,0.000242023,0.0243935,0.00003156415,0.001253919,0.00002967616,0.0000105419,0.00001809602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994875,0.00001118419,0.0003397083,0.00004336767,0.00002636317,0.00005710634,0.00000618897,0.00001726393,0.00001132456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6798209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975175976","doi":"10.1007/s10514-011-9230-7","title":"MACCEPA 2.0: compliant actuator used for energy efficient hopping robot Chobino1D","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Autonomous Robots","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Actuator; Deflection (physics); Robot; Stiffness; Servomotor; Torque; Computer science; Lever; Control theory (sociology); Rotary actuator; Joint stiffness; Simulation; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Physics; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Classical mechanics; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02572323666683029,"gpt":0.2203586450714233,"spread":0.194635408404593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001191222,0.0002492566,0.0002825958,0.0001262537,0.0001293385,0.00004135227,0.0002478565,0.0001234714,0.00009866731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001816277,0.0002417044,0.0001564797,0.0001363175,0.0000580112,0.00005623219,0.00004653854,0.0001007437,0.00004549046],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001348744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004135124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002529875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008678754,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987441,0.00001501493,0.0003757373,0.0002782072,0.0001278549,0.0004590566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992593,0.00008820903,0.00005930598,0.0003637779,0.00007538093,0.0001540372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001278209,0.0001558204,0.00009475341,0.0001092154,0.00009485922,0.000005671695,0.002935907,0.9651932,0.01378358,0.009964631,0.0004364479,0.007213116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001037106,0.0001837673,0.003194258,0.00006000339,0.00005324311,0.00001095524,0.0001454094,0.9615296,0.02223106,0.0007261033,0.01014315,0.0006853649],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07522803,0.0004525341,0.9156828,0.0002044483,0.001952291,0.0007547574,0.00004163803,0.0009533764,0.00473015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9576142,0.00001378977,0.04172989,0.0001132323,0.00007840433,0.0001094109,0.00002236027,0.0000819241,0.000236781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8823862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9856419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138485100","doi":"10.1109/tro.2009.2032959","title":"Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Braided Pneumatic Muscle","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Fixture; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Simulation; Control theory (sociology); Control engineering; Engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01528778578767586,"gpt":0.2382172480124827,"spread":0.2229294622248069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005699221,0.00009421211,0.000112891,0.00005755634,0.00007744319,0.00001725931,0.00006889211,0.00005553479,0.000007578552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003616058,0.00007564035,0.00006610021,0.0001348929,0.00004095079,0.00005635849,6.044439e-7,0.0001221817,0.000002289384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003185632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008847118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001204911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.525122e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994288,0.00001840434,0.0002201438,0.00008868745,0.0001399912,0.0001039797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996921,0.00004148214,0.00001913326,0.0001755615,0.00002986108,0.00004187274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002112112,0.00006901494,0.000002891321,0.00001480951,0.000009500862,1.078234e-7,0.0002798346,0.9924677,0.006005637,0.0003144235,0.000004008566,0.0008299728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001821875,0.0000663283,0.0000938436,0.00003139603,0.0000271202,0.000002255518,0.0001050831,0.9526981,0.04628925,0.0004222669,0.00000114729,0.00008107167],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3963425,0.00003278481,0.6028981,0.000244243,0.0002001527,0.0001127349,0.000002981095,0.00004780724,0.0001187034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995029,0.00001537134,0.004873947,0.00003603532,0.000007738544,0.000002393931,4.794927e-7,0.00001187312,0.00002318696],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5986865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3084524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088488815","doi":"10.21037/apm-20-1185","title":"3D printing technology applied to orthosis manufacturing: narrative review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"3d printed; Medicine; 3D printing; Splints; Narrative review; Wrist; Foot Orthoses; Orthotics; Splint (medicine); Range of motion; Orthodontics; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Kinematics; Biomedical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08246720063882224,"gpt":0.3824553156815431,"spread":0.2999881150427209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003337155,0.0004968686,0.002669699,0.0003663454,0.00004180723,0.000003193514,0.0003946554,0.0002654746,0.00007278602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004911555,0.0003559589,0.0002251636,0.0008444953,0.0001667883,0.00001781035,0.0001084758,0.0006707772,0.0000589836],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004107549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005029144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.904967e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.206482e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978131,0.00005714725,0.001119059,0.0003855449,0.0003072787,0.0003178604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986205,0.0002652432,0.0003848089,0.0003902485,0.0001964711,0.0001426993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000135096,0.00001363467,0.000001371453,0.09299636,0.0003968071,0.00001117203,0.00109583,0.0001135028,0.000004071619,0.0006111219,0.01340783,0.8913469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007355506,0.0001659665,0.000004040198,0.06557839,0.0002557847,0.000001195312,0.0001288127,0.00001636771,0.00009106917,0.0001739366,0.9332207,0.0002901626],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001631253,0.9717303,0.001941651,0.02345021,0.0001354053,0.001513469,0.00002650949,0.0001559946,0.001044854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00003307051,0.9942169,0.002380786,0.002860203,0.0001559758,0.0002102001,0.00003666318,0.00007059971,0.00003555787],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9198129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168249688","doi":"10.1080/09638280410001708887","title":"A prospective study examining balance confidence among individuals with lower limb amputation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Disability and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of British Columbia; Telus (Canada); Parkwood Institute; Vancouver Coastal Health","funders":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","keywords":"Confidence interval; Balance (ability); Fear of falling; Medicine; Amputation; Physical therapy; Prospective cohort study; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Population; Low Confidence; Psychology; Injury prevention; Poison control; Surgery; Internal medicine; Medical emergency","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006352386674463591,"gpt":0.2225600833943856,"spread":0.216207696719922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005063649,0.0002032739,0.0002309796,0.00005935578,0.0001437574,0.00008084553,0.00007863589,0.00008664533,0.000008262102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002942536,0.0001684617,0.00003701199,0.0002982221,0.0008609002,0.0003803509,0.00002268122,0.0001807507,0.000005125925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001661038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002488454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004031152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001199279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986714,0.0000800041,0.0003547817,0.0003992235,0.0002858163,0.0002088459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989924,0.0004418622,0.00005992218,0.0002734835,0.0001428582,0.00008948291],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004241615,0.0004706967,0.8879954,0.0001531043,0.00003367825,8.850675e-7,0.01397645,0.09502766,0.00008213255,0.001674039,0.000002699353,0.0005407911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00121579,0.00254432,0.9755248,0.00009270357,0.00002953436,0.000002076192,0.008063153,0.002714719,0.00004345298,0.009516583,0.000007962635,0.0002449357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925874,0.00005913664,0.005143617,0.00025218,0.0001325337,0.001406556,0.000007970436,0.0002084549,0.000202098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942904,0.000005981021,0.005429169,0.00001062006,0.00002653343,0.0001952886,0.000008628228,0.00002519419,0.000008257791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09231294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.686967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030913535","doi":"10.1109/tro.2015.2402511","title":"Torque Estimation for Robotic Joint With Harmonic Drive Transmission Based on Position Measurements","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Harmonic drive; Torque; Damping torque; Control theory (sociology); Stall torque; Direct torque control; Engineering; Joint (building); Robot; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Induction motor; Physics; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03915136090141086,"gpt":0.2426778438027449,"spread":0.2035264829013341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001976223,0.0002652747,0.000230533,0.0002149421,0.0001536308,0.00005283873,0.00009144571,0.0001402554,0.000009372977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007550445,0.0002333503,0.0001169694,0.0002151535,0.00004765959,0.0001225644,3.051704e-7,0.000221355,0.00002533741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003758074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009527657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002659267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005662639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986822,0.00004251919,0.0003185273,0.0002478426,0.0004329495,0.0002759762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999139,0.00008675614,0.00004972635,0.0002758448,0.0002339808,0.0002147083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079639,0.0002549791,0.00000259821,0.00009481361,0.00004164473,0.000001212171,0.0001674633,0.9931828,0.001893082,0.00008730171,0.00011973,0.004046403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001692961,0.001140615,0.00005277241,0.0002085466,0.0001303007,0.000004154681,0.00003786415,0.9634864,0.03260282,0.0003354134,0.00002051234,0.0002876328],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009582458,0.00001920919,0.9962898,0.0008407048,0.0006245795,0.0008148248,0.00001379879,0.0002800359,0.0001587787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8353744,0.000005807266,0.1642419,0.0001167219,0.00002235349,0.00009305422,0.00002300484,0.00006917132,0.00005353754],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8344162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9515747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402827264","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07697-2","title":"On human-in-the-loop optimization of human–robot interaction","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Human-in-the-loop; Loop (graph theory); Human–robot interaction; Robot; Computer science; Human interaction; Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03026045878733383,"gpt":0.3606113563372603,"spread":0.3303508975499265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001477948,0.0001976769,0.0004159163,0.0002618978,0.00002622219,0.00003216229,0.000187077,0.001107213,0.00002370586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002748348,0.0001295973,0.0002009767,0.0003252064,0.0000174166,0.00002889782,0.0000152801,0.002586259,0.00002040183],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008999333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001296458,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.385489e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002434635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991971,0.00004503175,0.0003502214,0.0001493217,0.0001651228,0.00009324902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999553,0.00009743767,0.00006849485,0.0002351766,0.0000326087,0.00001329256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001639546,0.0001174703,2.464111e-7,0.05024146,0.0001554579,0.00001384199,0.0004949413,0.7928368,0.00001183364,0.0269153,0.01175732,0.1174536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002118711,0.0002146919,0.000002652841,0.03349464,0.000775182,0.00002176834,0.0000625882,0.01312601,0.00001050764,0.001454532,0.9500057,0.000619885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000671352,0.9960547,0.0002374104,0.00003167382,0.0008847157,0.0003625004,0.00001423949,0.00006115215,0.002346889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001087406,0.9979178,0.0003246366,0.00002678974,0.0001142825,0.00003331948,0.0001827852,0.00006183136,0.000251197],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9382483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2540116223","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.033","title":"Gait biomechanics in the era of data science","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomechanics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Running Injury Clinic; University of Calgary","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","keywords":"Data science; Biomechanics; Computer science; Sports biomechanics; Gait; Perspective (graphical); Field (mathematics); Gait analysis; Artificial intelligence; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Simulation; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02436147613412812,"gpt":0.2663327936573921,"spread":0.241971317523264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001915253,0.00007772342,0.0001518219,0.0002733615,0.00002851933,0.00002182255,0.001134036,0.00004922679,0.000009552195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001457114,0.00003992633,0.00004257402,0.0007811459,0.00008273964,0.0003818694,0.0001007336,0.0001446737,0.000004047127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005465819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009825712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000101463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014372,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988407,0.00002302891,0.0004542716,0.00009045385,0.0004229115,0.0001686134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990511,0.000124621,0.000154315,0.0004524061,0.000168856,0.00004868748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007674036,0.00006863681,0.000005200355,0.00003701559,0.00001447839,0.000007285619,0.0003283358,0.0001000476,0.807404,0.004545002,0.0002669525,0.1872153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002638349,0.001284683,0.0001773049,0.001026954,0.00008616081,0.0003733588,0.001465919,0.4858482,0.4313971,0.0541996,0.02089568,0.0006067359],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5712459,0.002670703,0.4157332,0.006136716,0.003281364,0.0003964587,0.0001738718,0.00004431718,0.0003174542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915518,0.0007229531,0.007632733,0.00003486869,0.00004280558,4.043362e-7,5.593365e-7,0.00001027427,0.000003613203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4857481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.210734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049430968","doi":"10.1016/j.apmr.2009.12.009","title":"Ambulation of People With Lower-Limb Amputations: Relationship Between Capacity and Performance Measures","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Physical therapy; Rehabilitation; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Medicine; Amputation; Activities of daily living; Prosthesis; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; Timed Up and Go test; Psychology; Surgery; Balance (ability); Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01143143064082953,"gpt":0.230335230654375,"spread":0.2189038000135455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001223609,0.00008793028,0.0001987603,0.0001349406,0.00004888314,0.0000030564,0.00003352147,0.00003205471,8.492231e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004993237,0.00006326011,0.00002764651,0.0001378765,0.0006120051,0.0001000868,0.000008606613,0.000143685,2.018283e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002753333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008459942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001400571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001411639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994151,0.00002965741,0.0002239558,0.0001079963,0.0001496707,0.0000736479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967134,0.002994853,0.00006389919,0.0001101751,0.0000656961,0.00005195163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007181318,0.00009072907,0.879218,0.001419385,0.00003629637,4.613247e-8,0.02957518,0.009551442,0.02126341,0.02195092,0.000006695162,0.03681607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003608016,0.00170943,0.9468819,0.0001666859,0.00003823513,6.460336e-7,0.0003607851,0.03181232,0.0002702003,0.01831144,0.00001420504,0.00007330213],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928368,0.00004282438,0.00616423,0.0004190873,0.00003788119,0.0001897046,0.000004630198,0.00002295286,0.0002819313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904941,0.00001162958,0.009407669,0.000002285426,0.00005382602,0.000008911834,0.000008594281,0.000009607121,0.000003371591],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06766393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2579673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164219617","doi":"10.1126/science.aba9947","title":"Removing energy with an exoskeleton reduces the metabolic cost of walking","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Exoskeleton; Energy (signal processing); Energy consumption; Swing; Computer science; Gait; Electric potential energy; Gait cycle; Mechanical energy; Simulation; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Engineering; Medicine; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00746508792034326,"gpt":0.2224659983626513,"spread":0.215000910442308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002354676,0.00004255147,0.00005866372,0.00003456558,0.00009678665,0.00003907596,0.0001785587,0.00001094265,0.000005043501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004989452,0.00002636948,0.00001225483,0.0005165621,0.0002506729,0.00009744713,0.00002619374,0.0000390898,3.708759e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001018356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007380223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004924197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001644421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995059,0.00001374581,0.0000793259,0.0001030947,0.0001772733,0.0001206909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996128,0.00003277611,0.00001787432,0.0001986943,0.0001023952,0.0000354515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000154883,0.00002127473,0.0002286635,0.0000165614,0.000007088948,0.000003102197,0.002084899,0.145194,0.6943686,0.02555693,0.000008279321,0.132509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009604731,0.00004320458,0.00827158,0.00004780738,0.0000100125,0.00001882762,0.001220624,0.08140513,0.9024397,0.001370012,0.00493963,0.0001374154],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853459,0.001087802,0.01116316,0.0003213336,0.0002438312,0.00004348552,0.000001493305,0.00004414362,0.001748868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934036,0.00007162779,0.006424834,0.00003006093,0.00001626509,0.000002188765,4.378451e-7,0.000005230545,0.00004581016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2080711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1075316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058632396","doi":"10.1177/0309364611409099","title":"Survey of upper limb prosthesis users in Sweden, the United Kingdom and Canada","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Prosthesis; Medicine; Population; Physical therapy; Surgery; Environmental health","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03914802080037854,"gpt":0.2370238821225009,"spread":0.1978758613221223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003109753,0.0001157143,0.0001242583,0.0001186839,0.00003776859,0.00002498469,0.0001437866,0.00005335357,0.00001410301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000113275,0.00008789646,0.00001868279,0.0001298297,0.0001345244,0.00003208787,0.00005613229,0.0001364888,3.593071e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003423438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005492577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05180779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1192098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992268,0.00003416068,0.0002881821,0.0001213324,0.0001906645,0.0001388375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994492,0.0001492322,0.00005240745,0.0001291314,0.0001708445,0.0000491709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002267059,0.00004570222,0.9856879,0.00004265141,0.00004115819,0.000003303277,0.0008664423,0.00228019,0.00006351645,0.01003134,0.00005796381,0.0008571605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002642452,0.00004840806,0.9467037,0.00003724923,0.00001035453,0.000008565223,0.000112069,0.05010179,0.000533242,0.0005954699,0.001438918,0.0001459691],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985088,0.0001426035,0.0001982278,0.0002133085,0.0002649419,0.000170878,0.00005417543,0.00001292482,0.0004341449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986668,0.0002195465,0.0009618565,0.00006357149,0.000007962392,0.000007195993,0.00001912626,0.00001881286,0.00003508126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06740201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9545063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3012175404","doi":"10.1109/tcyb.2020.2978216","title":"A Subvision System for Enhancing the Environmental Adaptability of the Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Shenzhen and Hong Kong Joint Innovation Project; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Stairs; Adaptability; Prosthesis; Computer science; Obstacle; Simulation; Robot; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Human–computer interaction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01074500019008423,"gpt":0.1848479483267442,"spread":0.17410294813666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001304039,0.0001418052,0.0001636368,0.00001777626,0.0001343226,0.00001486654,0.0002001832,0.0000786564,0.00001274589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006271912,0.00009087076,0.0002155096,0.0001228381,0.0001167037,0.00002807343,0.000001169904,0.0001728864,0.000005250016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006955337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001764068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004165903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002526353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990982,0.00004753795,0.0003387782,0.0001515315,0.0002067463,0.0001572405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994221,0.0001902276,0.0000362364,0.0002727667,0.00002124849,0.00005746401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001136356,0.0001861812,0.0000851955,0.0005986339,0.0001009511,3.758639e-7,0.006622791,0.8320168,0.1472737,0.0002954335,0.00004286692,0.01266351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000792772,0.0003974534,0.001565572,0.00009503476,0.0001624542,0.000004067468,0.001685996,0.2954528,0.698553,0.00006635071,0.0009682208,0.0002562145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3792249,0.0001075602,0.617596,0.001003412,0.0005316805,0.001142079,0.0002141052,0.0001051252,0.00007508883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988371,0.00002456523,0.0009777083,0.00003799227,0.00001892937,0.00005211517,0.000001098187,0.00003243084,0.00001806326],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6196122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3705602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963682510","doi":"10.1080/09638280802639491","title":"Selection of outcome measures in lower extremity amputation rehabilitation: ICF activities","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Disability and Rehabilitation","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital; University of Alberta; University of Toronto; Lawson Health Research Institute; West Park Healthcare Centre; GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre; Parkwood Institute; Western University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Rehabilitation; Metric (unit); Amputation; Outcome (game theory); Physical therapy; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Reliability (semiconductor); Selection (genetic algorithm); Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Operations management; Mathematics; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02446624254676561,"gpt":0.2989906169301153,"spread":0.2745243743833497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001435707,0.0005416065,0.001633107,0.0003953947,0.00008642239,0.0000492598,0.0001551929,0.0006045019,0.00001769281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00129099,0.0004923418,0.0005295318,0.0008266165,0.0008946962,0.0003811353,0.00003036854,0.0005405517,0.0000040225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000588375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000708833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002552993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002128993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962098,0.0005669988,0.001875254,0.0006101119,0.0004145927,0.0003232633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955956,0.003396623,0.0003072404,0.0004402841,0.0001613903,0.0000988383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003102545,0.0005345552,0.01364745,0.0356276,0.00005032468,3.257688e-7,0.001725195,0.004814922,0.000005779299,0.001332992,0.00006786591,0.942162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004302725,0.005409442,0.2919817,0.03886085,0.002209402,0.00005313977,0.005713094,0.0221817,0.00001831289,0.05633353,0.5661286,0.006807487],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03292174,0.9591928,0.001299799,0.0005459689,0.0009737591,0.004097519,0.0001190398,0.0004186665,0.0004307277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1854117,0.8010808,0.01258513,0.00001235167,0.0001403232,0.000429731,0.0001651744,0.0001318782,0.00004285842],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9353545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046056849","doi":"10.2340/16501977-1916","title":"Going places: Does the two-minute walk test predict the six-minute walk test in lower extremity amputees?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Medicine; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01013737386148334,"gpt":0.2418199307447871,"spread":0.2316825568833038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004076918,0.0002645039,0.0004515256,0.00025874,0.0001469795,0.00004285658,0.0004712755,0.0001092353,0.0000400018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0106937,0.0001219921,0.0001426396,0.0005978467,0.0004903145,0.0003073943,0.00006335708,0.0007272307,0.000009849226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003146486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001297162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002281405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008654438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971886,0.0001978295,0.001232285,0.000189791,0.0008731892,0.0003182907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898952,0.008417387,0.0003835191,0.0004522402,0.0006329224,0.0002187158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003201585,0.001005114,0.3680671,0.000804965,0.0002230465,0.0001101776,0.09598278,0.4237904,0.008449382,0.0009248807,0.07126489,0.0290572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0196255,0.009430014,0.2940697,0.005247553,0.0005804949,0.0006517688,0.04464792,0.3657501,0.0004981552,0.0197875,0.238257,0.001454304],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9371527,0.002641652,0.005985942,0.04698572,0.004122496,0.0009530314,0.00001910882,0.0001124183,0.002026937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924993,0.000197249,0.005928692,0.0002412834,0.0008429817,0.00001725658,0.000003291343,0.0000402215,0.0002297102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1669921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889661682","doi":"10.3390/app8091651","title":"3D Printed Antibacterial Prostheses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Nebraska Space Grant Consortium; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"3d printed; 3D printing; Prosthesis; Antibacterial activity; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Medicine; Composite material; Surgery; Biology; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01338193597188943,"gpt":0.2362097250816931,"spread":0.2228277891098036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001590526,0.00006166742,0.00006246461,0.00004273134,0.0001282161,0.00006026991,0.000149677,0.00002785933,0.00006486366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001263339,0.00004676096,0.0000124165,0.0002058406,0.0004735383,0.00004416065,0.00002265129,0.00003371896,0.0001334459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000761189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000152173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.561383e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002378638,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995047,0.000003822553,0.00009699622,0.0001183547,0.0001204147,0.000155746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998171,0.00002512843,0.0000127411,0.0000891081,0.0000244096,0.000031568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002036408,0.00008221461,0.00219122,0.00007357731,0.00002554776,0.000001135671,0.00312798,0.007701126,0.8365332,0.1111882,0.002062625,0.03699285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001103968,0.0008762355,0.03064291,0.00008201001,0.00002491232,0.00001476526,0.001098787,0.1255486,0.695573,0.014119,0.1295955,0.001320239],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9278755,0.00001862307,0.004702433,0.0001017811,0.0006431342,0.0001762168,0.000001410286,0.0002371535,0.06624379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874017,0.000003838133,0.01237795,0.00003577799,0.0001272239,0.00000714888,5.946105e-7,0.000006049298,0.00003970324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1409602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1906857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046692301","doi":"10.1177/1545968308315595","title":"Swing Phase Resistance Enhances Flexor Muscle Activity During Treadmill Locomotion in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","topic":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Treadmill; Ankle; Spinal cord injury; Swing; Gait; Ambulatory; Electromyography; Medicine; Kinematics; Gait analysis; Preferred walking speed; Physical therapy; Spinal cord; Anatomy; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02156451829767355,"gpt":0.285266102996307,"spread":0.2637015846986335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001449426,0.0001965325,0.0002241075,0.0001869907,0.0001670051,0.0000187267,0.00007256566,0.00006737489,0.000008929687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001898674,0.000199237,0.0000947571,0.0003122156,0.0001643518,0.0003140756,0.00002622302,0.0002323107,0.00000408992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000786798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001524302,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008900986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004231696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987316,0.0001137482,0.0003621592,0.000347059,0.0001946605,0.0002508484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999397,0.0001650664,0.00005669392,0.0002226432,0.00005748332,0.0001010457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002214818,0.0007456872,0.01082222,0.001398003,0.00002198824,0.00008567971,0.002679487,0.008337934,0.9087033,0.0003445421,0.000232123,0.0644142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001846261,0.002107354,0.8991747,0.0001293654,0.00001091583,0.00001944805,0.0001312735,0.07727621,0.01773764,0.0003644151,0.0007393454,0.0004630602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981217,0.000165089,0.0002330886,0.0003744755,0.0002502057,0.0003527798,0.000008559463,0.0003640708,0.0001299664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983502,0.0001312129,0.001305852,0.00004098408,0.00003806185,0.00004218963,0.00000319156,0.00002818027,0.0000601535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8909657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.812465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}