{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":797,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":797,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"4cfdb07b4be3","filters":{"topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2051085854","doi":"10.1086/513698","title":"Three‐Year<i>Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe</i>(<i>WMAP</i>) Observations: Temperature Analysis","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":972,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"CMB cold spot; Cosmic microwave background; Sky; Physics; Residual; Astrophysics; Spectral density; Anisotropy; Point source; Remote sensing; Optics; Algorithm; Computer science; Geology; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01040373639137783,"gpt":0.2302591023876494,"spread":0.2198553659962715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004064329,0.0003511353,0.0004452639,0.000186037,0.000919336,0.0003046319,0.0006525262,0.00006726731,0.0006274343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000627103,0.0002464442,0.0004658882,0.001196171,0.000241383,0.0005408919,0.0001543625,0.0007651815,0.00003172244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008711025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008428001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001316616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001457661,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978287,0.00005888143,0.0006534577,0.000334861,0.0003972416,0.0007268575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998637,0.000076447,0.0003693407,0.0005502664,0.0002048093,0.0001621689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001012176,0.0002369991,0.1443445,0.00000281087,0.001190123,0.000006413014,0.0001348388,0.0002361713,0.01939823,0.8276843,0.002619888,0.004044511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001257987,0.0005201343,0.2750765,0.00002177019,0.001003122,0.00001831902,0.002548964,0.0001203241,0.01695236,0.6866649,0.01525642,0.0005591766],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1479322,0.00003299491,0.8474998,0.003918522,0.0001586126,0.0002994689,0.00009057267,0.00004904989,0.00001878525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4541647,0.000005908987,0.5441998,0.0001122868,0.001076152,0.00003221746,0.000174997,0.00002806026,0.000205805],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3062325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939038312","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57","title":"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":873,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Physics; Supermassive black hole; Millimeter; Amplitude; Astrophysics; Telescope; Calibration; Angular resolution (graph drawing); Interferometry; Galaxy; Astronomical interferometer; Astronomy; Remote sensing; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01239004329705175,"gpt":0.2283722714912456,"spread":0.2159822281941939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001772752,0.0001517298,0.0001874677,0.00004119045,0.0003240229,0.0002035026,0.0005313776,0.00002357592,0.00003047695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004120454,0.0001032702,0.00005165693,0.0001387643,0.0001058512,0.000544391,0.0001890224,0.000453333,0.0000222161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002343412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003982225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005079784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001295218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989576,0.00004619372,0.0002948347,0.0002647057,0.0001697511,0.0002669356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991318,0.00005167642,0.0002277744,0.000493335,0.00002761807,0.0000678237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000539957,0.0005558577,0.02824085,0.00004312154,0.0005591391,0.00001829176,0.000874654,0.01652416,0.2086088,0.0336201,0.02198406,0.688431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02007281,0.002960559,0.3318557,0.001101182,0.0008625538,0.000225009,0.004518347,0.4425337,0.00906805,0.00764126,0.1758776,0.003283262],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8866135,0.00002218522,0.09996173,0.01299145,0.0001121174,0.0001617915,0.00002837168,0.00002096217,0.00008781464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946662,0.000002300744,0.004320557,0.000153536,0.000726097,0.00000518662,0.00004972209,0.00001655283,0.00005989114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6851478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4211236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995155898","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab63eb","title":"The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). Science Case and Survey Design","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":648,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universidad de Guanajuato; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Office of Diversity and Inclusion; California Institute of Technology; University of Minnesota; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Jansky; Sky; Radio astronomy; Bandwidth (computing); Angular resolution (graph drawing); Cover (algebra)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0337624963497954,"gpt":0.2387395044717597,"spread":0.2049770081219643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001884309,0.0001621423,0.0002305209,0.00002247538,0.001167976,0.0001243771,0.001465986,0.0000516423,0.00002398212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002008557,0.00009811175,0.0002446827,0.0009254451,0.001621639,0.0002222058,0.0004553133,0.0003097117,0.000004250201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004784353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003188389,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004415346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000351233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984089,0.0002836859,0.000415319,0.0003325457,0.0001824633,0.000377152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976003,0.0006746454,0.0004004752,0.0009783449,0.0002393772,0.0001068838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009615574,0.00009375771,0.9866583,0.000003152191,0.00009910502,2.178859e-9,0.0002310772,0.0003799025,0.0008215292,0.006012127,0.004468877,0.00122253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003120232,0.00002531146,0.9858972,0.000005052086,0.000029225,9.327008e-7,0.001371295,0.00533462,0.003100785,0.0004501487,0.003351911,0.0001214629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9450614,0.0000563129,0.0399259,0.01370841,0.0001109598,0.0005018195,0.0004458218,0.0000220623,0.0001672784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962201,0.000002466163,0.00352864,0.00001835008,0.0000445198,0.00004323688,0.000017491,0.00001333311,0.0001118817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05115864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8983244,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293022516","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00041-y","title":"Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":582,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Labex UnivEarthS; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Tamkeen; European Commission; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; John Templeton Foundation; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; New York University Abu Dhabi; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Canada Research Chairs; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Interferometry; Laser; Antenna (radio); Optics; Space (punctuation); Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00573591289103731,"gpt":0.1793961378005388,"spread":0.1736602249095014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006547758,0.0002087779,0.0001904022,0.0001806031,0.000306983,0.00005212018,0.0003735742,0.00004380974,0.000435493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001377742,0.0001514008,0.0001120581,0.001009582,0.0001591857,0.0002979413,0.0001276668,0.0002547375,0.0002794094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002826939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004193778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000179224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001673968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990236,0.00001387958,0.0001243566,0.0002937044,0.0001468092,0.0003976756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999306,0.00003716142,0.0001327565,0.0003798484,0.00007199773,0.00007223908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002840255,0.0003542729,0.6097941,0.00003088113,0.001562365,0.0002436421,0.003150831,0.002262084,0.003963906,0.2906306,0.05760582,0.03011749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004703957,0.001280015,0.1289322,0.0001735831,0.0004964715,0.00002168371,0.04992431,0.006649512,0.008370634,0.003487054,0.7939485,0.002012104],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795838,0.000003937897,0.01180287,0.00120602,0.00007488321,0.0001722109,0.00004055809,0.0002193447,0.006896381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916424,9.68093e-7,0.0007800601,0.00003947179,0.0001111002,0.00000699829,0.0001465418,0.00003322896,0.007239247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7363427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6173944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2520740623","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stw2337","title":"GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey – I. A low-frequency extragalactic catalogue","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":554,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"National Cancer Institute; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Australian Government; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Curtin University of Technology; Astronomy Australia Limited; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; National Computational Infrastructure","keywords":"Physics; Sky; Galactic plane; Declination; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Source counts; Galaxy; Active galactic nucleus; Redshift","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01236173154334775,"gpt":0.2120325284184819,"spread":0.1996707968751341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004280819,0.0003713447,0.0004953945,0.00003398734,0.00022352,0.00006388241,0.0006472428,0.0001658969,0.0002866172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006945009,0.0002460196,0.0004079027,0.0001420155,0.0005431936,0.0003103183,0.000195503,0.0004280606,0.0000210777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001187223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001113102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002851195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001743483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978666,0.0001715051,0.0005859262,0.0005641166,0.0001998397,0.0006119906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979006,0.0006474777,0.000475292,0.0007339185,0.00007531347,0.0001673918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004762639,0.0003032456,0.9849492,0.00002709325,0.0003820084,1.545541e-7,0.0001734124,0.004341925,0.0007128242,0.0007295667,0.0006257513,0.00770716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001176841,0.0001247754,0.9890757,0.00007543567,0.0001631183,8.139407e-8,0.0002241079,0.004978856,0.002916514,0.0004213496,0.0004528478,0.000390396],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945583,0.0001004953,0.002372832,0.001514405,0.0002476303,0.0003605833,0.0002028248,0.00004733734,0.0005956459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995826,3.708624e-7,0.003579395,0.00003394744,0.0001505809,0.00004881805,0.00003934723,0.0000386658,0.0002828932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007316764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151525413","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13376.x","title":"A model of diffuse Galactic radio emission from 10 MHz to 100 GHz","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":506,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"Australian Research Council; Kavli Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Sky; Cosmic microwave background; Astrophysics; Cosmic background radiation; Redshift; Microwave; COSMIC cancer database; Astronomy; Remote sensing; Galaxy; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01678576923270127,"gpt":0.2115401453114862,"spread":0.1947543760787849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000884477,0.0002211689,0.0004272844,0.00002284999,0.0001779118,0.00001251758,0.0006496282,0.00009767491,0.0002538868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001241376,0.000172502,0.0005098058,0.0001269177,0.0002386296,0.00009757958,0.000275663,0.0002462044,0.0000126595],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007117822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009901469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001043472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004890721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986759,0.00003762844,0.0004688376,0.0003268119,0.0001734608,0.00031738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988177,0.0001017911,0.0003158417,0.0005804347,0.00005750436,0.0001267286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004914197,0.0003843094,0.2053189,0.000005631172,0.0001585428,2.157442e-8,0.0003742908,0.7898664,0.0006926697,0.00009849745,0.002106433,0.0009451399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009968186,0.00008026528,0.1395279,0.00003065452,0.00009297868,4.949557e-9,0.0002615343,0.8513036,0.006467326,0.0001449069,0.0008853052,0.0002086303],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959473,0.00002639931,0.002473023,0.0005151524,0.00007795282,0.0002486269,0.0001838452,0.00002685525,0.0005008193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727948,5.492906e-8,0.02614286,0.00001692593,0.0001264708,0.00002487714,0.00002286863,0.0000226328,0.0008484634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06579096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7034429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205847426","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202142484","title":"The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":472,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"FP7 International Cooperation; DST-NRF Centre Of Excellence In Tree Health Biotechnology; Gauss Centre for Supercomputing; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej; Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; China Scholarship Council; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of the Western Cape; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; Narodowym Centrum Nauki; Canada Research Chairs; UK Research and Innovation; Science Foundation Ireland; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; National Research Foundation; University of Pretoria; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; University of Hertfordshire; European Commission; Dipartimenti di Eccellenza; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Toronto; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; University of Cape Town; Université d'Orléans; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"LOFAR; Physics; Spectral index; Sky; Optics; Sky brightness; Brightness; Remote sensing; Wavelength; Astrophysics; Radio telescope; Astronomy; Geology; Spectral line","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009112939543718104,"gpt":0.2126876310109214,"spread":0.2035746914672033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002762755,0.0002301216,0.0002190223,0.00005248323,0.001858998,0.0001223187,0.0004361235,0.00001555154,0.0002663833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002985836,0.0002011758,0.0001042424,0.0003408179,0.000184927,0.0001575311,0.0004058324,0.0004630217,0.00002120933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003672575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007921622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005172224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001348516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985752,0.0001498112,0.0002731821,0.0003568096,0.000166753,0.0004782394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990775,0.0001556323,0.0001726007,0.0004604083,0.00004655289,0.0000873352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002028893,0.0001200438,0.1894792,7.40847e-7,0.0001130825,7.549167e-7,0.00003382914,0.0008810602,0.00006406188,0.08656173,0.0006376125,0.7220876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001396541,0.0002900468,0.125334,0.000002846482,0.0000602938,0.000004353524,0.002607445,0.0006889838,0.0003049911,0.004657301,0.8641717,0.0004815144],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8539495,0.0001270299,0.1418825,0.0003556328,0.0003362342,0.0003884381,0.0003288912,0.00007350319,0.002558205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908451,0.000001377264,0.007923462,0.00002455501,0.0002378008,0.0002764761,0.0002071979,0.00002789151,0.0004560757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8635341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029342275","doi":"10.1086/342285","title":"Fourier Techniques for Very Long Astrophysical Time-Series Analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":426,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Fourier analysis; Fourier transform; Fourier series; Spectral density estimation; Discrete-time Fourier transform; Spectral density; Discrete Fourier series; Interpolation (computer graphics); Discrete Fourier transform (general); Amplitude","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009565539128643961,"gpt":0.2163080916416122,"spread":0.2067425525129682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002069554,0.0002095448,0.0003686927,0.0001486338,0.0004407333,0.0001720035,0.0004987568,0.00005318748,0.001684479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007323576,0.0001526296,0.0005463542,0.0002707982,0.0002144558,0.0003010458,0.00007714947,0.0004168796,0.00009527282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005375921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002620897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007082084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.22478e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987616,0.00005665639,0.0003882532,0.0002220076,0.0001176694,0.0004537909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991138,0.0001042591,0.0002163111,0.000375409,0.00007294428,0.0001172721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002122916,0.0008080831,0.3355582,0.000004737656,0.006130154,0.000002358562,0.0001852903,0.004215564,0.001685969,0.04974984,0.02444591,0.5770016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006950072,0.003238848,0.4257899,0.00009621395,0.009223852,0.0001085055,0.001477575,0.1894715,0.02544086,0.04791036,0.2867003,0.003591925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5611075,0.00002872483,0.4356355,0.002196003,0.00008440998,0.0002241827,0.00003684169,0.00005843248,0.0006284001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9412893,0.000001200765,0.05580512,0.00002222334,0.001378919,0.00006782253,0.00002214807,0.00002502511,0.001388265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5734097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150408793","doi":"10.22323/1.215.0037","title":"Gravitational Wave Astronomy with the SKA","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":424,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Astronomy; Gravitational wave; Physics; Gravitational-wave astronomy; Gravitational-wave observatory; Gravitation; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02041198550138619,"gpt":0.2187090539470826,"spread":0.1982970684456964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007514152,0.00008438883,0.00007401302,0.00002730172,0.0000845159,0.00003375515,0.0001161137,0.00001374856,0.0003141566],"category_scores_gemma":[6.286814e-7,0.0000482046,0.00002791233,0.0001234775,0.00008878078,0.0001051377,0.00002450252,0.0000928003,0.00006648161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001306573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009558153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008966884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009743427,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995432,0.00001267574,0.00008257262,0.0001209909,0.00008876714,0.000151832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996139,0.00002546434,0.00004267784,0.0001898609,0.00007628894,0.00005185053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007848169,0.00004906741,0.0794834,3.085894e-7,0.00006747185,3.461397e-7,0.0001091137,0.0002807631,0.000008973805,0.8578049,0.01360254,0.04858527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001421071,0.0001939714,0.03158332,0.000003727675,0.00003671836,0.000004239535,0.007069898,0.0004205772,0.0007744328,0.01901809,0.939198,0.0002759396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.311709,0.00001141103,0.56594,0.006584425,0.00006152599,0.0002255178,0.00001170644,0.00006708913,0.1153894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9591514,1.492308e-8,0.03789949,0.00006664408,0.0001292878,0.00006417753,0.00003548889,0.00000756592,0.002645927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9255955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3439795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1658947143","doi":"10.1088/0004-6256/150/1/19","title":"OBSERVING STRATEGY FOR THE SDSS-IV/MaNGA IFU GALAXY SURVEY","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":379,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Colorado Boulder; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; York University; Leverhulme Trust; Carnegie Institution for Science; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Yale University; University of Toronto; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; Vanderbilt University; University of Portsmouth; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Astronomy; Astrophysics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1033554402313263,"gpt":0.2954822738120876,"spread":0.1921268335807613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001375338,0.0001977313,0.0002381341,0.00004051447,0.0005287466,0.0002616686,0.0009440134,0.00004903601,0.0001769531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003664462,0.0001147264,0.0001919453,0.0001230563,0.0001712584,0.0002042328,0.0001247396,0.000576628,0.00004763851],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007438544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000258839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002568106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002846366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986273,0.0001498266,0.0004068681,0.0001892619,0.0001327186,0.0004940121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985188,0.0004717298,0.0002480253,0.000435658,0.0001585836,0.0001672423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001843407,0.0001437236,0.781243,0.000001997713,0.0005580615,4.067405e-7,0.0002026839,0.03076794,0.0000915739,0.03996739,0.02564969,0.1211892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002755491,0.0003511328,0.9106207,0.00001754206,0.0001533238,0.00002051794,0.003300398,0.02008739,0.0002684721,0.02246755,0.03953226,0.0004252614],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8477569,0.0001336383,0.1483353,0.002468467,0.0004473308,0.0003207937,0.00005309098,0.00002723481,0.0004572897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954548,0.000001098222,0.002771307,0.00003255518,0.001312074,0.00004877527,0.00002694485,0.00002695604,0.0003254999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1476979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4678406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004014367","doi":"10.1017/pasa.2019.42","title":"Fundamental physics with the Square Kilometre Array","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":370,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Institut de Ciències del Cosmos; Erasmus+; European Regional Development Fund; Australian Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico; ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics; University of Cape Town; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Canada Research Chairs; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; John Templeton Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Università degli Studi di Torino; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; University of Toronto; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; National Research Foundation; California Institute of Technology; Compagnia di San Paolo; European Commission; Simons Foundation; Universities Space Research Association; Eusko Jaurlaritza; University of Portsmouth; Flatiron Health; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Supercomputing Centre Singapore; Dipartimenti di Eccellenza; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astroparticle physics; Dark energy; Dark matter; Cosmology; Astronomy; Galaxy; Gravitation; Radio telescope; Astrophysics; Planet; Observational cosmology; COSMIC cancer database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03671730448608652,"gpt":0.2489978236229498,"spread":0.2122805191368632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006823427,0.0001354819,0.0001973906,0.00001057038,0.0001998034,0.00004036421,0.0007510777,0.00003715506,0.0003203531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003691873,0.00008351081,0.0003111227,0.0004965517,0.0006517872,0.0001572863,0.0001033784,0.0002407728,0.000009806384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002587884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007762497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001185079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001543749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999184,0.00002421895,0.0002577186,0.000196993,0.0001334557,0.0002036723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990119,0.00004419059,0.0003190855,0.0004718802,0.00008899718,0.00006399553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007129856,0.0001547192,0.946808,0.000009573894,0.0002624544,4.989422e-10,0.0003024105,0.001488617,0.00176448,0.0264758,0.02196397,0.0007628254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006130267,0.0001110385,0.9555867,0.00001056958,0.000102722,1.111969e-7,0.002743914,0.0005728269,0.01496228,0.0005335403,0.02459159,0.0001716462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.911876,0.000004685155,0.02483399,0.06271054,0.00002029526,0.0002987773,0.0001423724,0.00002256972,0.00009081244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869324,1.034915e-7,0.01257926,0.000022579,0.0001366337,0.00004694542,0.00004785353,0.00001150391,0.0002227351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07505643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3507642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075842556","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.100.091303","title":"Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Intensity Mapping of Dark Energy","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":367,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Dark energy; Physics; Baryon acoustic oscillations; Intensity mapping; Oscillation (cell signaling); Astrophysics; Redshift; Baryon; Brightness; Galaxy; Intensity (physics); Astronomy; Optics; Cosmology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01887702045242691,"gpt":0.2381359695741694,"spread":0.2192589491217425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044787,0.0001172557,0.0003450482,0.00003992556,0.00006968524,0.000003096965,0.0001259613,0.000006739287,0.00003853518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007336145,0.0001066665,0.0001486374,0.0002448082,0.000100331,0.00009352176,0.00003932173,0.00009771502,0.00001330153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001761393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001761379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008269413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.254262e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993092,0.00002511342,0.0002263078,0.000176882,0.0001043186,0.000158131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994823,0.00004090851,0.0001429252,0.000247542,0.00005020589,0.000036112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003569802,0.00135338,0.3732238,0.001456119,0.0008634119,0.00003154614,0.0005438876,0.005593657,0.3232535,0.06286363,0.05995808,0.1708233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003628287,0.0005403663,0.6141593,0.007148347,0.001115159,0.00007375979,0.0002914359,0.06041431,0.02691832,0.02131129,0.2605139,0.00388554],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9283128,0.0004293717,0.06869962,0.001641929,0.00005850189,0.0001163389,0.000006925999,0.00003093398,0.0007036063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978892,0.0001361558,0.0006407461,0.001103434,0.0001590422,0.00002055709,0.00002992944,0.000009302125,0.00001163639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2963352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4349735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980870192","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15961.x","title":"The Australia Telescope 20 GHz Survey: the source catalogue","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":358,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Declination; Telescope; Sky; Radio telescope; Very-long-baseline interferometry; Radio astronomy; Polarization (electrochemistry)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01207553854970761,"gpt":0.2214785710499145,"spread":0.2094030325002069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006561607,0.0002376772,0.0002550791,0.00000773111,0.0008176381,0.0001232722,0.001604129,0.0001131831,0.000134256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000268592,0.0001223054,0.0004643833,0.000146519,0.000959499,0.00008266488,0.0003955839,0.0008818762,0.00003230608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002973304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007460416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005848903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001457307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985272,0.000115634,0.0004130429,0.0002915837,0.0001661669,0.0004863861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981449,0.0004529753,0.0003360967,0.0009223244,0.00006936005,0.00007440506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002091342,0.0001357464,0.8133714,0.000003635789,0.0002870073,1.599995e-8,0.0001530352,0.1634874,0.00007325185,0.001825248,0.0134212,0.007221104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004187852,0.0000376435,0.8616192,0.00000717306,0.00007784025,1.315446e-8,0.00053825,0.06482107,0.001129971,0.0001537531,0.07097898,0.0002172684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961368,0.00002279389,0.0002893866,0.002206847,0.0004874484,0.0003280873,0.0002576768,0.00002550868,0.0002453804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966264,3.144265e-8,0.001245627,0.00002229843,0.0003572745,0.00004413316,0.00007048991,0.0000214662,0.001612304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09866636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8841831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1583635380","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19054.x","title":"The Australia Telescope Compact Array Broad-band Backend: description and first results★","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":345,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Australian Government; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Telescope; Polarization (electrochemistry); Radio telescope; Zoom; Spectral line; Radio astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02661203049161446,"gpt":0.2176644367160298,"spread":0.1910524062244154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002413759,0.0002067037,0.0002474565,0.00001089328,0.0005060163,0.00007443629,0.0005261293,0.00007945083,0.00008063023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008734084,0.0001297169,0.0002774247,0.00008300418,0.0005605064,0.0001354709,0.00008804759,0.0003056217,0.00001023555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006163911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002739755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00364535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001738668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987791,0.00004969805,0.0004219726,0.0002808986,0.0001063794,0.0003619076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990077,0.0001044484,0.0003155898,0.0004510513,0.0000403801,0.00008082339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002019277,0.0003887461,0.944636,0.00001775743,0.0005309356,5.689049e-8,0.001041615,0.03576667,0.0001218491,0.003622865,0.00956352,0.004107986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001156814,0.0001555276,0.9612795,0.00003812832,0.0001219148,1.796964e-8,0.001533678,0.01503448,0.004989199,0.0004437532,0.01498781,0.0002591385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965185,0.00004967403,0.00023593,0.0005869305,0.0001800803,0.0002589148,0.00011052,0.00002184781,0.002037601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963135,2.182638e-7,0.002879565,0.000007087659,0.0001350861,0.00001309189,0.00001460888,0.00001393385,0.000622938],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02073219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5510703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150780877","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/719/1/763","title":"EXTRAGALACTIC MILLIMETER-WAVE SOURCES IN SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY DATA: SOURCE COUNTS, CATALOG, AND STATISTICS FOR AN 87 SQUARE-DEGREE FIELD","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":335,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Adolph C. and Mary Sprague Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; McGill University; Office of Polar Programs; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Source counts; Astronomy; Jansky; Population; Galaxy; Synchrotron; Flux (metallurgy); Telescope; Active galactic nucleus; Millimeter; Radio galaxy; Redshift; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04883612750137268,"gpt":0.2724534527573494,"spread":0.2236173252559767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002757096,0.000131483,0.0001836005,0.00004618249,0.0001985356,0.0001367653,0.0003620973,0.00004290419,0.00006828443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003237183,0.00009693415,0.00003130261,0.00008160167,0.000128444,0.0001781416,0.00008567024,0.0005916075,0.00001070117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007237075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000668726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002517191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001034082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991751,0.00006400097,0.0002082042,0.0001929557,0.0000985161,0.0002612213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990762,0.0002555288,0.0001313914,0.000400478,0.00005488086,0.00008146543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002338578,0.0005812803,0.2248791,0.00001528917,0.0002289117,0.000006032356,0.0009261841,0.0001281085,0.004783241,0.01529178,0.004230069,0.7486961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004153612,0.002309477,0.891403,0.0000660939,0.0002922342,0.0000825757,0.002787977,0.04477417,0.001957831,0.02293332,0.02802038,0.001219325],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6936623,0.0000135431,0.3055672,0.00009293636,0.0001148345,0.0001100249,0.0003877766,0.000008720122,0.00004262248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790136,9.300024e-7,0.02019627,0.00002636508,0.0005057444,0.000007099762,0.0001561243,0.00001832423,0.00007553169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7474768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.395286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077947153","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/801/1/26","title":"THE LAST OF<i>FIRST</i>: THE FINAL CATALOG AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATIONS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":323,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Galaxy; Astrometry; Flux (metallurgy); Quasar; Active galactic nucleus; Consistency (knowledge bases); Radio galaxy; Luminous infrared galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02049382638547817,"gpt":0.2318497938620297,"spread":0.2113559674765515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000303425,0.000101443,0.0001205613,0.00001908777,0.000909411,0.0001524219,0.0005499566,0.0000164511,0.000006984541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000178899,0.00004160124,0.00009057893,0.0001628988,0.000579401,0.0001032086,0.0001168581,0.0004051211,0.00001876369],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001231129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006538997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005965253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009694751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992068,0.00007757704,0.0002359858,0.00009695662,0.000170052,0.0002126499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990413,0.000198988,0.0002065932,0.0003617244,0.0001184188,0.00007300462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009173603,0.0004146177,0.07947773,0.000003988675,0.0005876207,0.000001451807,0.001900151,0.003335955,0.002375377,0.5230258,0.02920652,0.3595791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002866407,0.0005761604,0.2816679,0.00005711026,0.0004387104,0.0001823681,0.01625666,0.007643416,0.002964485,0.1570169,0.5297884,0.0005414145],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8963573,0.0001094662,0.09361318,0.009196746,0.0001689399,0.0001415386,0.00001250824,0.00001306701,0.0003872518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984863,0.000004287283,0.0006266441,0.00001656392,0.0004980493,0.00001639823,0.000003370871,0.000009103856,0.0003392581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5005819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6994546,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170502516","doi":"10.1017/pas.2013.009","title":"Science with the Murchison Widefield Array","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":323,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory","funders":"Australian Research Council; U.S. Air Force; Victoria University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Astronomy Australia Limited; Victoria University of Wellington; Nvidia; Australian National University; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Australian Government; Curtin University of Technology; Smithsonian Institution; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astronomy; Telescope; Murchison meteorite; Sky; Radio telescope; Space Science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0171740071751571,"gpt":0.239802517046488,"spread":0.2226285098713309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001661174,0.0001029108,0.0001404242,0.00003640476,0.0002623668,0.00005105008,0.001082665,0.00003121531,0.0004840071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006628238,0.0000583715,0.0001728148,0.0006239915,0.001474131,0.0002994363,0.0001096314,0.0002038377,0.00001398876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000272523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001538275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006322418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003087548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991705,0.0000153102,0.0002357856,0.000184495,0.000147067,0.0002467938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987453,0.00005705569,0.0002677377,0.0007007248,0.0001797206,0.00004948299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000161775,0.0001356805,0.865852,0.000003475236,0.00009023342,1.183115e-10,0.0001221862,0.0005730343,0.01038709,0.1077586,0.01368434,0.001391772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001688352,0.00003672969,0.9753721,0.000006615999,0.00002363694,1.020898e-7,0.0007481205,0.0002324318,0.01919194,0.001134942,0.003008318,0.00007624766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9658272,0.000002639156,0.008849886,0.02448464,0.00003107109,0.0003195301,0.00001401954,0.00001377531,0.0004572935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805575,8.424026e-8,0.01823006,0.000008632682,0.00004209995,0.00007961879,0.000005033539,0.000006099015,0.001070871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1095201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5431497,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113012085","doi":"10.1017/pasa.2015.26","title":"GLEAM: The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-Sky MWA Survey","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":311,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Australian Research Council; U.S. Air Force; Government of Western Australia; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Victoria University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Astronomy Australia Limited; Victoria University of Wellington; Nvidia; Australian National University; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Australian Government; Curtin University of Technology; Smithsonian Institution; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Declination; Radio astronomy; Wideband; Radio telescope; Spurious relationship; Noise (video); Ionosphere; Galaxy; Radio galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09386366356831367,"gpt":0.3017638646929308,"spread":0.2079002011246171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000526831,0.0001371471,0.0002123522,0.00002428181,0.0001175635,0.00004373238,0.0006424552,0.0000627452,0.0001227518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004449394,0.00009380741,0.0001938038,0.0002756426,0.0005816492,0.000213034,0.0001771066,0.0002553002,0.000007995543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004408566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001202256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001455287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001696108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998956,0.00008994998,0.0003739969,0.0002046922,0.000134013,0.0002414104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985561,0.0001642101,0.0003517281,0.0006631424,0.000169504,0.00009535811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005197664,0.0001186105,0.9679468,0.00000356621,0.0001617334,4.789462e-10,0.0001057044,0.000205783,0.0001215429,0.01511226,0.01574091,0.0004779194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003332466,0.00002636339,0.9917291,0.000004210258,0.00005525113,3.26847e-7,0.0004608786,0.0005773444,0.000631884,0.00139751,0.004698918,0.00008496433],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986493,0.00002027787,0.002204667,0.01072727,0.00007745135,0.0002642426,0.00006752048,0.0000164443,0.0001291277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943652,5.886501e-7,0.004750003,0.000007330538,0.00005678383,0.00003938238,0.00003784988,0.00001062395,0.0007322112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02378232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3825355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231024935","doi":"10.1086/375508","title":"The Anisotropy of the Microwave Background to<i>l</i>= 3500: Mosaic Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":281,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Cosmic microwave background; Astrophysics; Spectral density; Cosmic background radiation; Galaxy; Quasar; Reionization; Point source; Spectral line; Astronomy; Anisotropy; Optics; Redshift","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01650347520703211,"gpt":0.2265307503845573,"spread":0.2100272751775252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003341276,0.0002584075,0.0002504477,0.00002634675,0.001760937,0.0002838809,0.001212229,0.00003311316,0.00005625167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001033379,0.0001014861,0.0002595836,0.0006171511,0.000720557,0.0001823497,0.0001310246,0.0008323287,0.00003519045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006101035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002182593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004664161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001276136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982603,0.0002917209,0.0003867644,0.000209859,0.0003405476,0.0005108255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980798,0.0003433294,0.0003785497,0.0008830036,0.0002254968,0.00008987194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001044665,0.0003494776,0.01026652,0.000003122535,0.0006221196,0.000001910261,0.0003382074,0.002597215,0.09305045,0.8644788,0.01513668,0.01305106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00609989,0.001859714,0.427644,0.0002107058,0.001237093,0.0002957418,0.02634672,0.001470071,0.06738601,0.1706415,0.2951444,0.001664223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8705742,0.00004739779,0.1179045,0.01041746,0.0001936626,0.0003797739,0.00002493525,0.00001226861,0.0004457634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892416,0.000003265372,0.009374646,0.0002954818,0.0003964838,0.00004647591,0.00000357231,0.00003195367,0.0006065278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6938373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966633224","doi":"10.1093/mnrasl/slt074","title":"Determination of <i>z</i> ∼ 0.8 neutral hydrogen fluctuations using the 21 cm intensity mapping autocorrelation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":265,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Associated Universities; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; John Templeton Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Redshift; Intensity mapping; Astrophysics; Spectral density; Upper and lower bounds; Galaxy; Radio telescope; Intensity (physics); Computational physics; Statistics; Optics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01109246243637559,"gpt":0.2001337081630696,"spread":0.189041245726694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001364797,0.0001545433,0.0002268977,0.00002314481,0.0002461212,0.00003295035,0.0004395478,0.00005782751,0.00005080356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007126039,0.0001098398,0.0003808922,0.0001476185,0.0003224423,0.0001995815,0.0001562951,0.0002437695,0.000004379293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007030263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003101856,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001348241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004944483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989792,0.00005256427,0.0004235442,0.0001921853,0.0001107929,0.000241762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989946,0.00009486544,0.0004442089,0.0003553279,0.00007801115,0.00003300867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004423969,0.00007309949,0.1657199,0.000008680737,0.0001371161,1.343891e-8,0.0004052844,0.8225303,0.00686535,0.0003098622,0.0002895232,0.003656398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002143994,0.00001157457,0.2235863,0.00001809512,0.00007043322,2.227052e-8,0.0005420299,0.7704538,0.004743177,0.0001626571,0.00009945116,0.00009804899],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9685421,0.000006910895,0.02700992,0.003736826,0.0001283139,0.0004876476,0.00001888587,0.00001713264,0.00005228494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807583,1.261691e-8,0.01894468,0.00009162368,0.0001170977,0.00003719833,0.00001585512,0.00001266556,0.0000225651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05786644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4479138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094468854","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.0810.5187","title":"Science with ASKAP - the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Calgary; McGill University; Université Laval; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of British Columbia; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Pathfinder; Telescope; Observatory; Space Science; Physics; Astronomy; Radio telescope; Square (algebra); Computer science; Remote sensing; Geography; Library science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03440454733927064,"gpt":0.2403229437226673,"spread":0.2059183963833966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109774,0.0001507776,0.0001352221,0.0001322125,0.0006789056,0.0000328202,0.0004530272,0.00003160225,0.0003025511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048956,0.00009641393,0.00005255027,0.001090388,0.0007243433,0.0002607475,0.00004128653,0.0002360909,0.0001379986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002760901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002015633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001847592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001198935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989714,0.00001455062,0.0001518047,0.0003070101,0.0001730439,0.0003821831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992,0.00002491155,0.00008717679,0.0005287899,0.00008684248,0.00007223308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002490756,0.00005570292,0.9909676,9.657188e-7,0.00002083709,0.000002088214,0.0001366021,0.00003507518,0.001005118,0.005436301,0.000381465,0.001955742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002720696,0.0001000204,0.969389,0.000008586807,0.00001235662,0.000006541643,0.0007601222,0.00001102331,0.00597213,0.0001910987,0.0231193,0.0001577088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901184,0.00001014002,0.002394662,0.001829301,0.00007688221,0.0001619599,0.000007425251,0.00005677963,0.005344484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964241,7.110472e-7,0.0009379638,0.00007392954,0.0001561359,0.00003584047,0.000008967391,0.00001424638,0.002348077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02273784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5221661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889702073","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stz032","title":"Inferring the astrophysics of reionization and cosmic dawn from galaxy luminosity functions and the 21-cm signal","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":259,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Horizon 2020; European Research Council; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels; Australian Research Council; Grand Équipement National De Calcul Intensif; Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe AISBL; European Commission","keywords":"Physics; Reionization; Astrophysics; COSMIC cancer database; Galaxy; Astronomy; Luminosity; Luminosity function; Galaxy formation and evolution; Redshift","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005212855051033877,"gpt":0.1751283341630797,"spread":0.1699154791120458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000159129,0.0001465248,0.000266162,0.000008440476,0.0002768875,0.00004499776,0.0003293459,0.00005401154,0.00006530379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005334895,0.00008418933,0.0002008086,0.00008486675,0.0005736013,0.000102366,0.0003082142,0.0002732571,0.000002712158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002326445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000323796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001246874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001219259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991463,0.00007238625,0.0002910333,0.0002130647,0.0001066766,0.0001705829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989911,0.0002519723,0.0003119673,0.0003671396,0.00004731657,0.00003048302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004919177,0.00006298328,0.7238367,0.000008313444,0.0002724082,4.009265e-9,0.0003500786,0.265744,0.0001473277,0.003899769,0.0001376677,0.005491588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001240122,0.00004880357,0.6294503,0.00002412167,0.0001774502,7.327701e-9,0.001413609,0.3657578,0.0006873274,0.0007186772,0.0003717539,0.000110066],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959098,0.00006583968,0.002511191,0.0007349713,0.00009315287,0.0003318666,0.0000994473,0.00001104234,0.0002427497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982361,1.835924e-7,0.001500046,0.00001293279,0.0001098617,0.00001363165,0.00002464652,0.00001091888,0.00009165516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1000138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3433141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034872226","doi":"10.1071/as07033","title":"Science with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":250,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Calgary; McGill University; Université Laval; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of British Columbia; York University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Pathfinder; Radio telescope; Observatory; Telescope; Radio astronomy; Sky; Galaxy; Square (algebra); Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02296148710891621,"gpt":0.269043057184114,"spread":0.2460815700751978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005883589,0.0001548879,0.0001928025,0.00009414444,0.0003634812,0.00004772232,0.001291546,0.00005466842,0.0002596947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009533635,0.00009340152,0.0002582254,0.001529538,0.00192191,0.0002675565,0.0001173882,0.0002952848,0.000006637891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006757441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002162374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000252502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001029927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986616,0.00001687991,0.0003730213,0.0002685811,0.0002566885,0.0004232163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983214,0.00007635671,0.0004021201,0.000863958,0.000247663,0.00008853032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000575049,0.000182069,0.9217408,0.000005270461,0.0001062327,1.23476e-9,0.0001472303,0.0004211403,0.005441375,0.06614282,0.00465141,0.001155952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002529685,0.00004795617,0.9652675,0.000009880874,0.00003721554,2.488912e-7,0.001676211,0.00002903705,0.02445334,0.0003745139,0.007747114,0.0001039815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692774,0.000002753373,0.01645433,0.01353092,0.0000516302,0.0003099422,0.00004849047,0.00001998346,0.0003045461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792845,7.506755e-8,0.01895296,0.000006655274,0.00007666303,0.00002232711,0.00001300126,0.00001025988,0.001633626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0657683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7081357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102383571","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201118526","title":"An improved map of the Galactic Faraday sky","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":250,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; University of Toronto; University of Calgary","funders":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Australian Research Council; Victoria University of Wellington; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Victoria University; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Faraday effect; Sky; Spectral density; Faraday cage; Magnetic field; Offset (computer science); Polarization (electrochemistry); Isotropy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006151602557612539,"gpt":0.2056881393138655,"spread":0.199536536756253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007988967,0.0002007688,0.0002257601,0.00003529209,0.0001932484,0.00002962086,0.0002807618,0.00003356018,0.0001090872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001071981,0.0001575757,0.0001129358,0.0001223152,0.0001824463,0.0004961744,0.00009354705,0.000224164,0.00001107025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001390552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004301626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009948053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.110112e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999019,0.00004530022,0.000246087,0.0001988594,0.00008346937,0.0004073271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991027,0.00002463409,0.0002119933,0.0005081169,0.00004005357,0.0001125569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008946415,0.0003871983,0.6120923,0.000006752379,0.00008997227,3.37353e-8,0.000123656,0.00004859277,0.005194879,0.06015965,0.00005110809,0.3218369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001847076,0.0003679577,0.8099758,0.00003416575,0.0003192087,0.000003381292,0.002407504,0.0009625817,0.04203497,0.002862921,0.138391,0.0007934667],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8436015,0.00004223382,0.1552279,0.0001289172,0.0002297975,0.0002475191,0.0000384492,0.0000266278,0.0004569809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.968754,2.172878e-7,0.03064173,0.00001221015,0.0004135614,0.00004775835,0.0000234991,0.00001991376,0.00008708687],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3210434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6425749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101841715","doi":"10.25916/sut.26227760.v1","title":"Science with the Australian square kilometre array pathfinder","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Calgary; McGill University; Université Laval; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of British Columbia; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Pathfinder; Radio telescope; Telescope; Observatory; Physics; Sky; Astronomy; Radio astronomy; Population; Galactic astronomy; Galaxy; Remote sensing; Computer science; Geography; Milky Way; Library science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04642161939396275,"gpt":0.2993652394391942,"spread":0.2529436200452314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003961185,0.0001105824,0.00013544,0.0003069155,0.0007838446,0.0001934634,0.0004409049,0.00005051443,0.00009175796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000148381,0.0000807653,0.00005071735,0.0009889586,0.001837841,0.0003841244,0.000113674,0.0004136205,0.00001523285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003741658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002179572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001054491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009463462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987428,0.00006058565,0.00009081101,0.0003608002,0.0003797158,0.0003653367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992982,0.00005855932,0.00004673353,0.0003126699,0.0001787044,0.0001051328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007786215,0.0002325159,0.807467,0.0003290874,0.000378772,0.0001364806,0.003698056,0.00005147901,0.08186557,0.08270758,0.005473631,0.01758201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009695415,0.00130828,0.7183948,0.0006488215,0.000139978,0.00006908568,0.05971989,0.0002915582,0.103687,0.001074067,0.1130411,0.0006559383],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948423,0.00004554424,0.0007512007,0.002377331,0.00005788722,0.0002638321,0.0000228093,0.00003405539,0.001605024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9710953,0.000002976578,0.0005069596,0.000001483555,0.00007692294,0.000002308967,0.000005541978,0.000008217038,0.02830034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1075675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890204506","doi":"10.1017/pasa.2018.37","title":"The Phase II Murchison Widefield Array: Design overview","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":243,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Murchison meteorite; Upgrade; Antenna array; Optics; Computer science; Physics; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Antenna (radio); Astronomy; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0684320613587585,"gpt":0.3198377217203667,"spread":0.2514056603616082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003076505,0.0001384566,0.000202361,0.00002089753,0.0005888446,0.00003402735,0.0009444247,0.00006363136,0.0003878741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001851419,0.0000939686,0.0003668388,0.000313736,0.0008671915,0.0001511853,0.0001660758,0.0002097782,0.00001291288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003069713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009926564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001715715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003827804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988971,0.00005190754,0.0004471451,0.0002022753,0.0001153731,0.0002862207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984352,0.0001305241,0.0003983902,0.0008237641,0.0001567912,0.00005533493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004847068,0.001615219,0.3088313,0.00001782216,0.0009122252,1.137063e-9,0.0005205748,0.0004900144,0.01292947,0.4521209,0.1883197,0.03419428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003046871,0.001041264,0.523497,0.00007439186,0.0002887793,5.914812e-7,0.00141826,0.003536772,0.1770992,0.03029994,0.2591069,0.0005900788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9119924,0.00003692457,0.07068665,0.01636628,0.0001554388,0.0004387822,0.0000637858,0.00002887966,0.0002309003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686681,0.000001734169,0.0297596,0.000008507974,0.000167034,0.00006747504,0.00001407729,0.00001013291,0.00130333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.421821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4528976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006803551","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/758/1/23","title":"RESOLVING THE RADIO SOURCE BACKGROUND: DEEPER UNDERSTANDING THROUGH CONFUSION","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":229,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Jansky; Galaxy; Source counts; Astronomy; Confusion; Surface brightness; Bulge; Radio galaxy; Redshift","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04341674269043114,"gpt":0.2568121655870615,"spread":0.2133954228966304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003303007,0.0001874192,0.0001949926,0.0000276622,0.001336371,0.0001946997,0.0005141638,0.00003783825,0.0003394336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005216981,0.0001004777,0.0002000966,0.0001989619,0.0002864474,0.0004579157,0.000133114,0.0008415839,0.00007943551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001079069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004215883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005030734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.488466e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986184,0.0001520061,0.0002694672,0.0001297685,0.0002392373,0.0005910969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991002,0.0001942048,0.0002039937,0.0003661496,0.00003841439,0.00009704782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000279109,0.0001627211,0.01306504,0.000001335749,0.0001971307,8.262143e-7,0.00120236,0.0005690077,0.003702456,0.9624329,0.003290803,0.01534748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005694409,0.0007601408,0.1140283,0.0002318979,0.0009317647,0.0004902279,0.09134976,0.007340445,0.005233015,0.4119856,0.3599352,0.002019258],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4267282,0.00007751126,0.569215,0.002430752,0.0002554142,0.00009608134,0.000002107029,0.00002383666,0.001171038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991777,0.000003788169,0.005003589,0.0001262856,0.0027936,0.000009983904,0.000003320153,0.00002575174,0.000256656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5650488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005105000","doi":"10.1093/mnras/staa414","title":"Deep multiredshift limits on Epoch of Reionization 21 cm power spectra from four seasons of Murchison Widefield Array observations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":221,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Arctic Sciences; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Swinburne University of Technology; Australian Government; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Australian Research Council; Curtin University of Technology; Astronomy Australia Limited; University of Toronto; American Society for Radiation Oncology","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; Murchison meteorite; Astronomy; Spectral line; Epoch (astronomy); Astrophysics; Dark Ages; Galaxy; Redshift","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01898697332362473,"gpt":0.2053276422771639,"spread":0.1863406689535391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008264559,0.0002081194,0.0004293277,0.00001722394,0.0001160312,0.00001624255,0.0005451155,0.000113603,0.0001585442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004724219,0.0001768252,0.0004884051,0.0002061605,0.0001948191,0.0001018005,0.00009727696,0.00031013,0.000004398426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003556201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006464831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004194708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001715171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986919,0.00005959077,0.0005059791,0.0003186532,0.0001858718,0.0002380059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985914,0.0002349887,0.0005745383,0.0004386215,0.00007680059,0.00008360366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004887816,0.0002761314,0.4576776,0.00001171265,0.0002912781,2.454474e-8,0.0005881909,0.5348731,0.001211815,0.003656209,0.0004081801,0.0009568645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009772161,0.0002619119,0.6326288,0.00006592178,0.0001730493,2.154524e-9,0.00116062,0.3374142,0.02616189,0.0004756025,0.000443166,0.0002375672],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823224,0.00002941829,0.01282282,0.003603889,0.0001111016,0.0002872402,0.0002096391,0.00002443204,0.0005890377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.968124,9.994606e-8,0.03156538,0.00005148318,0.0001259576,0.00001439564,0.00006412683,0.00002099016,0.00003352413],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1974589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7210724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963891109","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ab5bfd","title":"Data Analysis for Precision 21 cm Cosmology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":220,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of British Columbia; McGill University","funders":"Division of Astronomical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Cosmology; Physics; Timeline; Observational cosmology; Telescope; Astronomy; Pipeline (software); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Astrophysics; Dark energy; Geography; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04689246332466712,"gpt":0.2644787386742147,"spread":0.2175862753495476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002293504,0.0001132356,0.0002918301,0.00002861274,0.0002107414,0.00002256262,0.002323524,0.00005741066,0.00007148254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005427299,0.0000770126,0.0006511005,0.0007904005,0.0003421239,0.0001324224,0.0007428741,0.0001609584,0.000002868765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002277784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009681015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003651687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001896275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989198,0.00004891152,0.000417158,0.0003236882,0.00009775925,0.0001926248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975324,0.0001773652,0.0004438089,0.001682971,0.0001115047,0.00005200008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008684794,0.0001364567,0.9440742,0.000006215352,0.0009285914,8.409181e-11,0.00009724132,0.003616984,0.0005099103,0.01967928,0.02834211,0.002600384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006835054,0.00004758129,0.802822,0.000007043869,0.0008263196,6.391461e-8,0.001256467,0.1065493,0.002601688,0.004989217,0.08002958,0.0001872027],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5997396,0.00002985934,0.3204737,0.07666189,0.00009173946,0.0007174396,0.002023053,0.00003730633,0.0002253791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9676514,4.974343e-7,0.03178746,0.00002359986,0.00007846076,0.00006129393,0.0002509789,0.00000974014,0.0001365465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3679118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4317724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006292462","doi":"10.1007/s10509-020-03831-4","title":"WALLABY – an SKA Pathfinder H i survey","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astrophysics and Space Science","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","keywords":"Sky; Redshift; Galaxy; Context (archaeology); Pathfinder; Field galaxy; Cosmology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02114214695196268,"gpt":0.2373726525866106,"spread":0.216230505634648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001473397,0.0001340895,0.0001509629,0.00003663061,0.0003203243,0.0001537193,0.0003343664,0.00002005853,0.00006081877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007871573,0.0001250683,0.00002739252,0.0005865297,0.0003379752,0.0004750049,0.0001251799,0.0001220916,0.00001719561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001042396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001011341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003436228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000899576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989496,0.00002172284,0.0001152869,0.0004280077,0.0001667762,0.0003185757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993426,0.00001676921,0.00006669199,0.0002506707,0.00009535567,0.0002279605],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001715854,0.000168874,0.450796,0.00000442019,0.0000290341,0.000001826461,0.0007918594,0.0004036379,0.0392403,0.2521269,0.0003550794,0.2560649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00133826,0.001033923,0.8975555,0.00001294368,0.00003511484,0.00000168291,0.002328161,0.05687965,0.01741262,0.009470499,0.01282945,0.001102173],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9481982,0.000008322686,0.04969207,0.0009717715,0.00005206936,0.00008573736,0.00003801513,0.0000397954,0.0009140484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919508,0.00000102691,0.007764898,0.00009067651,0.0001198972,0.000005082751,0.00001872112,0.00001062075,0.0000382726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4467595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5100135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2986051952","doi":"10.1017/pasa.2020.2","title":"An ultra-wide bandwidth (704 to 4 032 MHz) receiver for the Parkes radio telescope","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Australian Research Council; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Australian Government","keywords":"Radio telescope; Bandwidth (computing); Radio astronomy; Antenna (radio); Pipeline (software); Radio receiver design; Telescope; Radio spectrum","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03892696121828556,"gpt":0.2781474506036911,"spread":0.2392204893854055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001940306,0.0001652591,0.0002660334,0.00002097087,0.0002338049,0.00005033867,0.001232406,0.00006424399,0.0001918028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004076531,0.0001174909,0.0004265035,0.0003559085,0.0002994913,0.000215857,0.0000592896,0.0001977781,0.000007936009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003468165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009337837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001948746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000381225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998823,0.0000341431,0.0004335379,0.0003012116,0.0001112632,0.0002968292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985259,0.0002050169,0.0002738801,0.000695852,0.000158326,0.0001409887],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003528353,0.0002854536,0.8554611,0.0000178783,0.0004529025,6.913607e-10,0.0005209615,0.01060728,0.00781989,0.03141687,0.08859268,0.004789671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006860566,0.0001632392,0.8694466,0.00001269732,0.0001351078,8.052055e-8,0.001188527,0.001972086,0.02640752,0.0007092095,0.09905508,0.0002237638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8584468,0.00001149995,0.07412357,0.06591604,0.00008280277,0.0009653111,0.0003537629,0.00003838259,0.00006181083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621127,6.790011e-7,0.03713007,0.0000627804,0.0001876771,0.000192369,0.00005714485,0.00001681515,0.0002397892],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1036658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4791139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3130850506","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ac05c0","title":"A Quick Look at the 3 GHz Radio Sky. I. Source Statistics from the Very Large Array Sky Survey","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; LOFAR; Angular resolution (graph drawing); Footprint; Radio astronomy; Point source; Radio telescope","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0105279024202659,"gpt":0.2287372777078581,"spread":0.2182093752875922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004753231,0.0003110029,0.0003559846,0.00001789849,0.001746411,0.0003588058,0.0008065734,0.00003867732,0.003643692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003035398,0.0001632499,0.0002251558,0.0002575737,0.0003947384,0.0002154758,0.0003687767,0.0007941014,0.0001270696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009131069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001962634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006426784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005712612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975491,0.0005851313,0.000494484,0.0002967572,0.0004210328,0.0006534545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979358,0.0006702649,0.0003235709,0.0007870797,0.0001756939,0.0001075689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005194735,0.001161627,0.459463,0.000008958512,0.002970316,0.00004049739,0.00295174,0.002252104,0.01051388,0.2332267,0.257232,0.02965968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002484709,0.0003988518,0.3371365,0.00004366427,0.0004150886,0.00004725742,0.01152934,0.0003660959,0.01182777,0.04980613,0.58527,0.0006745916],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5383154,0.0001689828,0.443294,0.0144105,0.0004004669,0.000268443,0.00306303,0.00002766494,0.00005152362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822392,0.00003260222,0.01216213,0.0003640096,0.001801989,0.00005459023,0.001107872,0.00004893427,0.002188699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4439238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075308352","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10919.x","title":"Simulating cosmic reionization at large scales - II. The 21-cm emission features and statistical signals","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reionization; Redshift; COSMIC cancer database; Radiative transfer; Dark Ages; Range (aeronautics); Spectral density; Scale (ratio); Cosmology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005320049298918821,"gpt":0.2100953733533302,"spread":0.2047753240544114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001936721,0.0001767709,0.0002249944,0.00001033968,0.00080286,0.00004846048,0.0002886904,0.00008174678,0.00009409351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001365642,0.0001110409,0.0001702802,0.00008413482,0.0002844656,0.00007326541,0.0003949641,0.0002371153,0.000002041115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005908876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002310088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003590618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002666085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988975,0.00006700034,0.0003359044,0.0002585441,0.0001383937,0.0003026851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991521,0.0002399185,0.0002522416,0.0002688103,0.00004134393,0.00004564906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001742726,0.0001249944,0.3784666,0.000008407584,0.0000646392,2.546417e-8,0.0001011824,0.6086477,0.000144696,0.005481131,0.005048429,0.001894794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005370366,0.00004401975,0.4365725,0.00002193278,0.00006702179,1.597171e-8,0.0002845267,0.5582681,0.001024731,0.0008209787,0.002216022,0.0001431163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943231,0.0001088688,0.003522142,0.001148093,0.00006026804,0.0002423561,0.0001702288,0.00002591894,0.0003989969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934404,5.248556e-8,0.005666268,0.00002279314,0.0001894123,0.00001390142,0.00008682711,0.00001600985,0.0005643583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05810592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6175031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793765145","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/aae51d","title":"Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Cosmic microwave background; Redshift; Halo; Amplitude; Optical depth; Black hole (networking); Planck; Approx; Absorption (acoustics); Luminosity; Galaxy; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03299336895299669,"gpt":0.2635671170177016,"spread":0.2305737480647049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000280955,0.0002135472,0.000191103,0.0000175021,0.003089382,0.000343884,0.001284941,0.00004019849,0.00008273624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008574495,0.00009223476,0.000287863,0.0001771047,0.001059858,0.0001558162,0.0001869038,0.0005349602,0.0001019123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008245581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006193179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001544259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003762449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987749,0.00007668707,0.0003452489,0.0002353881,0.0001606496,0.0004071171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980916,0.0006059707,0.0002253301,0.0008579649,0.0001626191,0.0000564827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003445397,0.0005328364,0.01861697,0.00000449908,0.001980521,4.184568e-7,0.002288642,0.07875796,0.01260257,0.7216936,0.03427653,0.1289009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002516346,0.0004292545,0.2436041,0.00007233835,0.0008881327,0.00002976947,0.004642728,0.3466504,0.0006769504,0.3215116,0.07832115,0.0006571811],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5102112,0.00005126982,0.4649696,0.02422026,0.0001269877,0.00029611,0.00006643268,0.00001591751,0.00004224557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933777,0.00001210914,0.001652135,0.0003096674,0.0043921,0.0001182728,0.00002827739,0.00002854487,0.00008120534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4831665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289874916","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201526803","title":"<i>Planck</i>2015 results","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Tekes; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; China Scholarship Council; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe AISBL; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; UK Space Agency; Science Foundation Ireland","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; CMB cold spot; Planck; Sky; Emissivity; Galactic plane; Synchrotron; Astronomy; Cosmic microwave background; Anisotropy; Optics; Stars","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007285133347168965,"gpt":0.2058529233899127,"spread":0.1985677900427437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007301686,0.0002364578,0.0002375325,0.00006136063,0.0001713154,0.00004514016,0.0001966912,0.00004337397,0.00012699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003513093,0.0001741653,0.00008426657,0.0001261842,0.0001645317,0.0003393273,0.0001018992,0.0001274541,0.0001153051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001778875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004201952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003525728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.164015e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987583,0.00002449851,0.0002976198,0.0004060977,0.00009434753,0.000419197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992151,0.00006710165,0.0001485644,0.0003939168,0.00004747726,0.0001278127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000249807,0.00007487038,0.03799317,0.000001130961,0.00005844741,8.115582e-7,0.00001679322,0.0000052317,0.001425398,0.0844221,0.001085079,0.874892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003908879,0.0002979347,0.03685075,0.00005094656,0.00007143135,0.000004217555,0.000307762,0.00002278494,0.00775625,0.01234178,0.9377466,0.0006406079],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4019646,0.00002740152,0.585995,0.001449741,0.0001858393,0.0002487524,0.0003297025,0.0001259525,0.009673023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9530126,0.000001472218,0.04575196,0.00001911356,0.0004962544,0.00006104397,0.00004725067,0.00002225294,0.0005880434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9366616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7102256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3189997181","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c78","title":"First Results from HERA Phase I: Upper Limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"FP7 International Cooperation; UK Research and Innovation; National Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; HERA; Epoch (astronomy); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Phase (matter); Spectral density; Stars; Galaxy; Particle physics; Redshift","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01275235121289595,"gpt":0.2270924019940739,"spread":0.214340050781178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002067797,0.0001508541,0.000201677,0.00004980675,0.0009120389,0.00006173096,0.0005785541,0.00001957138,0.001044434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000167424,0.00009177712,0.0001796545,0.0002972466,0.000147136,0.00008851453,0.0001124252,0.0007922188,0.00002879417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005142759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006299995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005753961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.811357e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987087,0.0001596696,0.0003781886,0.0001901161,0.0003107054,0.0002526208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988034,0.0002480437,0.000357838,0.0004873,0.00005240495,0.00005099729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001310785,0.003001984,0.004347136,0.000001406992,0.0007133251,0.00001298851,0.001465732,0.03750683,0.01052928,0.9090805,0.01337877,0.01865127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02026299,0.008401739,0.1215457,0.0001740582,0.0005167064,0.00006501847,0.01136418,0.03099374,0.03423436,0.686171,0.08476134,0.001509119],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.96389,0.00001172985,0.01738618,0.01755974,0.0002178814,0.0001523902,0.0001995747,0.00001496804,0.000567509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983938,0.000001520488,0.0006900246,0.0001003387,0.0005668579,0.00002013655,0.0000416361,0.00001886193,0.0001668006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2229095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998688,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036378917","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/781/2/57","title":"ALL-SKY INTERFEROMETRY WITH SPHERICAL HARMONIC TRANSIT TELESCOPES","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Interferometry; Astronomical interferometer; Physics; Spherical harmonics; Formalism (music); Spectral density; Telescope; Field of view; Computer science; Optics; Remote sensing; Astronomy; Geology; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008891542934597227,"gpt":0.2127048963929643,"spread":0.203813353458367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001291766,0.0001990115,0.0002693186,0.00004127028,0.0002512719,0.0001339546,0.0005073235,0.00003031571,0.0003318748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003109335,0.0001144801,0.0001508419,0.0002248558,0.0002206554,0.0001658491,0.00004732742,0.0007492546,0.0000889948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002577876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004295309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002568043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.395527e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998884,0.0000924034,0.0002412269,0.0001890534,0.0001962424,0.0003970319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993026,0.00007185409,0.0001324291,0.0003072495,0.00005718491,0.0001286638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003097219,0.000874589,0.02318591,0.000006809878,0.001087506,0.00001168727,0.0002949609,0.002592057,0.03370611,0.1215178,0.002719567,0.8136933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01635505,0.01067644,0.4827553,0.0004311982,0.001727324,0.0006597888,0.004217901,0.01945101,0.06445875,0.09559841,0.3000033,0.003665592],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5289829,0.000006601653,0.468869,0.001514709,0.00005019315,0.00005534501,0.000002183672,0.00002326051,0.0004957896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9739406,8.408695e-7,0.02492315,0.0001238814,0.0008721161,0.00001124432,0.000003961612,0.00002493475,0.000099291],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8100277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4668361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1499466692","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18208.x","title":"The GMRT Epoch of Reionization experiment: a new upper limit on the neutral hydrogen power spectrum at z≈ 8.6","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope; Astrophysics; Redshift; Spectral density; Dark Ages; Quasar; Lyman limit; Astronomy; Galaxy; Radio galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01285780845074295,"gpt":0.1930008279580508,"spread":0.1801430195073078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001762973,0.0002003059,0.0002269859,0.00001113645,0.0004014161,0.00002483526,0.0007946788,0.00007669508,0.000384505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007411174,0.0001091085,0.0004862165,0.0001142325,0.0003580281,0.00006489961,0.0002790864,0.0002443535,0.00001688493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007648265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006006196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005624178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000192957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988088,0.00006474121,0.0004024993,0.000247212,0.0001374754,0.0003392582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987502,0.0001330599,0.0003711633,0.000654673,0.00003031236,0.00006066237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003281909,0.00100359,0.5142143,0.0000100002,0.001438077,8.984983e-8,0.004895488,0.2544093,0.0004468538,0.2104209,0.01006467,0.002768563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002521737,0.0008951944,0.5515919,0.0001013593,0.0003922303,5.737255e-8,0.006067143,0.1305566,0.2813627,0.009385812,0.01626441,0.000860969],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936562,0.00006456556,0.0001334463,0.002420463,0.000148108,0.0003391009,0.00002327678,0.00001750318,0.003197383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980164,1.390534e-7,0.000931764,0.00003311124,0.0001209018,0.00002748827,0.000007279851,0.00002062335,0.0008423091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2809158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4449317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987883530","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201423995","title":"Estimating extragalactic Faraday rotation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Australian Research Council; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Faraday effect; Physics; Degeneracy (biology); Rotation (mathematics); Probabilistic logic; Astrophysics; Sky; Point (geometry); Noise (video); Algorithm; Magnetic field; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006507904629183521,"gpt":0.2073649410503246,"spread":0.2008570364211411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008765168,0.0002139789,0.0002222137,0.00006069023,0.000268186,0.00009017349,0.0001398615,0.00003509394,0.0001045906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004619809,0.0002218401,0.00007037871,0.0001345846,0.00009193738,0.000344434,0.00005511328,0.0002099156,0.00003908249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001402473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002496582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004867164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.456013e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989777,0.00003812307,0.0002443886,0.0003222694,0.00008865116,0.000328867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993879,0.00005603366,0.0001572791,0.0002673385,0.00004001216,0.00009146117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003040278,0.00005831412,0.04199013,0.000003552546,0.00003398058,1.420757e-7,0.00003351624,0.001031662,0.0003034586,0.08343495,0.0000305103,0.8730767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007100392,0.001367356,0.3024557,0.0001722139,0.0005998189,0.0000205897,0.002847929,0.205459,0.008930341,0.08753771,0.3802872,0.003221806],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3762861,0.000005103176,0.6213529,0.00007863649,0.00009649938,0.0001149557,0.000005740742,0.00005140516,0.002008666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7017952,8.455812e-8,0.2976153,0.00001254911,0.0004074749,0.00005516836,0.00004264975,0.0000166505,0.00005485772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8698549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9046376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1874693742","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20554.x","title":"Complex Faraday depth structure of active galactic nuclei as revealed by broad-band radio polarimetry","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","keywords":"Physics; Faraday effect; Faraday cage; Astrophysics; Intergalactic travel; Quasar; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarimetry; Radio telescope; Telescope; Active galactic nucleus; Astronomy; Optics; Galaxy; Redshift; Magnetic field; Scattering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008264786570548285,"gpt":0.2176466856964138,"spread":0.2093818991258655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001150169,0.0002820678,0.0005126855,0.00002371441,0.000186884,0.0000233681,0.0006226883,0.0001488766,0.000496196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001242555,0.0002224603,0.0004989395,0.000165851,0.0003882067,0.0002173389,0.0001664208,0.0004489002,0.000006465551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001060707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006196306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001378024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006503325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984705,0.00008981564,0.0004708373,0.000275066,0.0001894163,0.0005043824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986027,0.0001305841,0.000580407,0.0004978316,0.00005594602,0.00013257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000841529,0.0004813946,0.96466,0.0000261345,0.0007735802,1.575072e-8,0.0003928223,0.01724125,0.004168695,0.001121898,0.003860965,0.007189046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001075129,0.0001057976,0.9548112,0.00002111962,0.0002353972,3.633529e-8,0.0009078208,0.008543896,0.02933373,0.0001127654,0.00456316,0.0002899394],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973602,0.0001282518,0.0002542365,0.0002712584,0.0001646035,0.0003125638,0.0004508778,0.00002280162,0.001035177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933485,5.308118e-8,0.006141661,0.00002335055,0.0002018533,0.000004272442,0.00007601667,0.00002967931,0.0001746111],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02516503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9071666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044930100","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361:20053851","title":"An absolutely calibrated survey of polarized emission from the northern sky at 1.4 GHz","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","keywords":"Declination; Sky; Physics; Observatory; Telescope; Right ascension; Remote sensing; Astrophysics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Astronomy; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009478469613409696,"gpt":0.2048603188226487,"spread":0.195381849209239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001105909,0.000265467,0.0003389876,0.00003233829,0.0003173451,0.00006164441,0.0003415651,0.00006702746,0.0001744968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002193622,0.0002102943,0.00009137176,0.0002313484,0.0002017901,0.0002626336,0.0001191973,0.0002132634,0.00001446598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002389151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007728673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02448496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004570685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998653,0.0001142897,0.0003959164,0.0003736103,0.0001254217,0.0003377645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998882,0.0001103164,0.0002912908,0.0005338441,0.0001002855,0.00008228203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004523544,0.0002087779,0.91995,0.000001168665,0.00007639455,3.274326e-7,0.00003363564,0.0002420253,0.01031356,0.001449735,0.0001365608,0.06754256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009382239,0.0001135625,0.9822479,0.00001179416,0.00005955359,3.48505e-7,0.0001609903,0.0009326806,0.006602683,0.0009545416,0.007729069,0.000248687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8941566,0.00004628481,0.104623,0.00007113898,0.00005746253,0.0002077185,0.0005666662,0.00003912352,0.0002320078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862212,5.026399e-7,0.01189491,0.000009749196,0.0002502135,0.00002617935,0.001457366,0.00003026901,0.0001096319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0927281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9820111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2762741961","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty346","title":"Low-amplitude clustering in low-redshift 21-cm intensity maps cross-correlated with 2dF galaxy densities","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Sleep Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Redshift; Amplitude; Spectral density; Sigma; Astronomy; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007113373456397876,"gpt":0.209936995022129,"spread":0.2028236215657312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002137699,0.0003053309,0.0004665767,0.00003481376,0.0002606143,0.00009561384,0.0006285883,0.0001431174,0.000121459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000889537,0.0002334397,0.0003127609,0.0001887417,0.0009641768,0.0001921417,0.000431987,0.0005005387,0.00002137422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001401849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008397424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00144605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002134651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998286,0.00004153231,0.000520096,0.0004375294,0.0001596385,0.0005551696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988133,0.00007602705,0.0003186906,0.000565852,0.0001421769,0.00008394037],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001160608,0.0001559084,0.688333,0.00001723305,0.0001652011,2.077896e-7,0.0004170265,0.3096472,0.00003393937,0.0002221867,0.0001470362,0.0007449922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001236517,0.0001447324,0.7199882,0.000140595,0.00005510263,4.733277e-8,0.0009482278,0.2741423,0.002691397,0.0001401601,0.0002074037,0.0003052693],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965988,0.00001292203,0.001908722,0.0003163042,0.0002446439,0.0003028002,0.00006677789,0.00005018487,0.0004988036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934073,2.425791e-8,0.005987659,0.00003350827,0.0002409556,0.00002599999,0.00002693495,0.00002993029,0.0002476884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03550491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9519393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4324139219","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acaf50","title":"Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":175,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; HERA; Astrophysics; Metallicity; Stars; Luminosity; Redshift; Galaxy; Particle physics; Quantum chromodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01321282640253187,"gpt":0.2296925149266724,"spread":0.2164796885241405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003559792,0.0001692399,0.000220985,0.00002868517,0.0009149687,0.0001136068,0.0005348391,0.00002285647,0.00009841497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000228199,0.00006203151,0.0001573784,0.0004215941,0.00113507,0.00008640467,0.0001050628,0.0007152362,0.000006739669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001588238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009085848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003832112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002070339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988863,0.0001755866,0.0002823562,0.0001465642,0.0002047114,0.0003044743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986917,0.0004566116,0.0002857553,0.0004571592,0.00006355717,0.00004520154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003362327,0.0004242494,0.007808062,0.000003204877,0.0007105303,0.000002537763,0.001231506,0.002522237,0.01632268,0.928476,0.0008624617,0.04130032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03298482,0.003962623,0.5982368,0.0006068916,0.001024936,0.0001188443,0.03468879,0.09213113,0.01854649,0.210958,0.005311452,0.001429159],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609851,0.000007069174,0.008827391,0.02939248,0.00009226221,0.0003518458,0.00002957882,0.00001930547,0.0002950029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988326,0.00000140841,0.0005435713,0.0001659699,0.0002834491,0.00003433222,0.000002792306,0.0000167512,0.0001190959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7175179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7037292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2483954339","doi":"10.1117/12.2234286","title":"HIRAX: a probe of dark energy and radio transients","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; National Research Foundation; Princeton University","keywords":"Redshift; Intensity mapping; Baryon acoustic oscillations; Dark energy; Hydrogen line; Sky; Galaxy; Universe; Dark matter","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00737668654774976,"gpt":0.2006536031376804,"spread":0.1932769165899306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002126355,0.0002137048,0.0003442087,0.00008442707,0.00004999147,0.00002912467,0.0005105294,0.00009883766,0.00001770728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004860703,0.000152483,0.0003415594,0.0001936097,0.0002842796,0.0003592837,0.00008595768,0.0001031719,2.498816e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004487069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002656117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001990288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.011685e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986622,9.498105e-9,0.0005118959,0.0002813789,0.0002732867,0.0002712416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998825,0.00007473326,0.0003088442,0.00005294605,0.0006655179,0.00007302514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002822558,0.00008581937,0.005913627,0.0000721911,0.0003014669,1.018857e-8,0.00006072986,0.000004219872,0.3243085,0.6649845,0.0006987676,0.003541941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006574499,0.001138622,0.01447855,0.001071617,0.000500555,0.00001447019,0.002118707,0.00730378,0.8897275,0.04793765,0.02805187,0.001082189],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950547,0.00004916801,0.001124484,0.001726781,0.00008207422,0.0002438171,0.00007406617,0.00003339049,0.001611552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9467071,0.00002328525,0.05273707,0.00001542564,0.0001676081,0.0001078943,0.000004385288,0.00003058142,0.0002066477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6170468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6218076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007173830","doi":"10.1086/377222","title":"First‐Year <i>Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe</i> ( <i>WMAP</i> ) Observations: Data Processing Methods and Systematic Error Limits","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cosmic microwave background; Physics; CMB cold spot; Calibration; Residual; Sky; Covariance matrix; Noise (video); Remote sensing; Astrophysics; Optics; Algorithm; Anisotropy; Mathematics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04068867626998535,"gpt":0.2985632334668745,"spread":0.2578745571968891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006752161,0.0003260229,0.0004943123,0.00006052185,0.001033359,0.000407067,0.0007476677,0.00004484804,0.00009358859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004243889,0.0002251013,0.0001005672,0.0003247148,0.0002306615,0.0009857155,0.0002105104,0.0004695989,0.000009514662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004498254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001155677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002001127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000827005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978367,0.0003481048,0.0006624408,0.0003899816,0.0002563153,0.0005064402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983841,0.0001383971,0.0004715673,0.0007527518,0.0001284014,0.0001248054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003510154,0.0002522136,0.008500005,0.0004097725,0.0002786419,0.000002885495,0.000337755,0.0001009193,0.005075253,0.9805662,0.00134685,0.003094375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002450166,0.0007648951,0.004324996,0.001366137,0.0008933599,0.0001702199,0.01074287,0.002463937,0.01192209,0.9368176,0.02707239,0.00101132],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.007230472,0.0002760252,0.9882909,0.003266069,0.0001319306,0.0006646461,0.00008306838,0.00004138925,0.00001551926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1016784,0.00002201653,0.8976032,0.00007000378,0.0002712033,0.0001019069,0.00007321272,0.00003633289,0.0001437917],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09444793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9179364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981374430","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/756/1/65","title":"COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND CONSTRAINTS ON THE DURATION AND TIMING OF REIONIZATION FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Reionization; Cosmic microwave background; Physics; Astrophysics; Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect; South Pole Telescope; Cosmic background radiation; Dark Ages; Star formation; Redshift; Astronomy; Galaxy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02356048441586652,"gpt":0.2290837603921672,"spread":0.2055232759763007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002122461,0.000107869,0.0001221536,0.00001649453,0.0004343999,0.00008044348,0.0002151003,0.0000227437,0.0001424466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001016532,0.00005189248,0.00006399438,0.0001017286,0.0003548717,0.0001313619,0.00004688217,0.0003583428,0.00001912971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001670773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003264494,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003193624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.320772e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992369,0.0001206999,0.0002422018,0.00008332922,0.0001220569,0.0001947553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992012,0.0002226572,0.0002746291,0.0002100083,0.00005164119,0.00003988894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001087103,0.0003840881,0.07709567,0.000002952403,0.0005171007,6.354325e-7,0.003159166,0.0003574529,0.1445901,0.4913668,0.001996579,0.2804208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002305692,0.0004480356,0.8606404,0.0002162475,0.0004278494,0.00003928954,0.02382164,0.004577656,0.06282193,0.04244943,0.001692386,0.0005594698],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9027359,0.00002704774,0.094783,0.001979528,0.00008064544,0.0001190212,0.00002141271,0.000005478462,0.0002478882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972257,0.000001516317,0.001889971,0.00008749652,0.0007543804,0.000005169396,0.00001026423,0.000009759545,0.00001572328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7835447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3341096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194665130","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ffc","title":"HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21 cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology during the Epoch of Reionization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"European Research Council; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; HERA; Cosmology; Astrophysics; Epoch (astronomy); COSMIC cancer database; Astronomy; Stars; Redshift; Galaxy; Particle physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01356547384562985,"gpt":0.233307589147889,"spread":0.2197421153022591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002364396,0.0001890977,0.0002364288,0.00005212791,0.001427478,0.00006663914,0.0005270063,0.00002200838,0.0002978561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009362961,0.0001045228,0.0001369404,0.0002655543,0.000507584,0.00006467468,0.0001301215,0.001071342,0.000008686064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005135344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006520093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000914312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.379798e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998542,0.0003503151,0.0003237013,0.0001957439,0.0002892242,0.0002990262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988104,0.0003115273,0.0003795108,0.000372535,0.00007281946,0.00005328411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005780655,0.001417385,0.001680246,0.000004838842,0.0004935389,0.0000136639,0.0004984148,0.02708816,0.0586634,0.7658592,0.0007854066,0.1429177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02241366,0.01846959,0.1290572,0.0002638027,0.0009150382,0.0008219017,0.01993438,0.0266451,0.0667952,0.704628,0.008036749,0.002019454],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9784554,0.00001193225,0.01617149,0.004756099,0.0001113337,0.0002541431,0.00006044525,0.0000143455,0.0001647922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990342,0.000002511895,0.0003084042,0.0001666344,0.0003690903,0.00003932185,0.000009735484,0.00002253105,0.00004752645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1408983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102496759","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201118526/pdf","title":"An improved map of the Galactic Faraday sky","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dominion Astrophysical Observatory; University of Toronto; University of Calgary","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Victoria University of Wellington; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Victoria University; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Faraday effect; Faraday cage; Sky; Spectral density; Astrophysics; Power law; Magnetic field; Statistics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009974549344077058,"gpt":0.2290399370596583,"spread":0.2190653877155813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001562977,0.000201694,0.0003211681,0.0002508767,0.0001288048,0.000009002686,0.0008118535,0.0002023211,0.00007708852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001508285,0.0001596794,0.0001474825,0.0004522775,0.0005881679,0.0003919686,0.0002067127,0.0004299199,0.0000157211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002860792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008812547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001385479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008680096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988306,0.00001339158,0.0004233308,0.0002327098,0.000103527,0.0003964914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983641,0.000009433326,0.0003723406,0.001117315,0.00008309731,0.00005372164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006087467,0.0003012996,0.5911865,0.0000223714,0.0001180196,1.092275e-7,0.00004359586,0.00003637144,0.03048696,0.3201701,0.00004375037,0.05758478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00154806,0.0002761244,0.2040913,0.0001171322,0.0002161143,0.000005319571,0.0004086001,0.0007294471,0.522342,0.01376691,0.2558256,0.0006734729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884135,0.0001422443,0.006454389,0.00192529,0.0009524114,0.0003337118,0.0000183008,0.0001442027,0.001615991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815257,0.000001504519,0.01805832,0.00001423114,0.0002151878,0.00004517074,0.000006453513,0.00002059728,0.0001128349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.491855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6511539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288067830","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ac6fd9","title":"An overview of CHIME, the Canadian hydrogen intensity mapping experiment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; Thompson Rivers University; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Sky; LOFAR; Redshift; Flagging; Cosmology; Very-long-baseline interferometry; Astronomy; Intensity mapping; Astrophysics; Telescope; Radio telescope; Galaxy; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04036326531923524,"gpt":0.2629998966736947,"spread":0.2226366313544594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001157401,0.00006071571,0.0001026581,0.00005249791,0.0003770959,0.0000100447,0.0002627036,0.0000105136,0.002184101],"category_scores_gemma":[6.459176e-7,0.0000525222,0.00004692329,0.0001531234,0.00004347579,0.00003679839,0.00006614681,0.0001288305,0.000003977581],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006138055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001194678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03514472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002018204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995058,0.00003077303,0.0001197997,0.0001131748,0.00007616384,0.0001542744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995559,0.000006318175,0.00005634906,0.0003111922,0.00002247384,0.0000477574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009294024,0.0003038342,0.1844193,0.000007095094,0.0002537128,0.000004444068,0.001966762,0.000956917,0.03397223,0.6872076,0.002969412,0.08792938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001049834,0.0003909065,0.08773012,0.00002132459,0.00006657514,0.00001521383,0.01641266,0.01226836,0.07504687,0.08659872,0.7196923,0.0007070447],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883389,0.00007859045,0.0001672676,0.001116141,0.00006079454,0.000144268,0.00003835576,0.00001361584,0.01004208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990301,5.42938e-7,0.0006506132,0.0001082144,0.00003949659,0.00007452662,0.00002956107,0.000006381818,0.00006059334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.716723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549299592","doi":"10.1142/s2251171716410014","title":"A Decade of Developing Radio-Astronomy Instrumentation using CASPER Open-Source Technology","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Vendor; Scientific instrument; Instrumentation (computer programming); Computer science; Software; Radio astronomy; Electronics; Telecommunications; Systems engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Astronomy; Operating system; Business; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02424589390791858,"gpt":0.2863057682610639,"spread":0.2620598743531453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002715403,0.0002205531,0.0004778745,0.0005303291,0.0001110933,0.00006095636,0.0005788144,0.00009800341,0.0002520123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001474618,0.0001787732,0.0001443117,0.0003540325,0.0002137644,0.001213371,0.0001737349,0.000202248,0.000007334653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003723403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003864732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007694623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002593522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980469,0.00006388638,0.001164314,0.000240705,0.0001640629,0.0003201657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979917,0.00006255901,0.001422191,0.0002220346,0.0002102722,0.00009125041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009078758,0.0001130262,0.4668425,0.000004620219,0.0002342504,3.7423e-7,0.00007022294,0.0004740985,0.0350634,0.01691339,0.00003746768,0.4801559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02106368,0.001682509,0.1682704,0.000921495,0.0005166974,0.0001191208,0.0103746,0.001376436,0.7646978,0.01483586,0.0148532,0.001288189],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6368245,0.000008763227,0.362152,0.0006051681,0.0001477956,0.0001760261,0.00001081385,0.000009135015,0.00006573578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7855076,0.000001546411,0.2142799,0.000008291234,0.000138187,0.00001082864,0.000007428291,0.00002130483,0.00002486922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7296344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7290158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}