{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":134,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":134,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"67a15063547f","filters":{"topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices"}},"results":[{"id":"W607376268","doi":"","title":"The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":801,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shareholder; Shareholder value; Shareholder resolution; Law and economics; Value (mathematics); Corporate law; Shareholder primacy; Business; Obligation; Corporate governance; Accounting; Economics; Law; Political science; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04049041320304662,"gpt":0.2055282918137908,"spread":0.1650378786107441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002056557,0.0004565495,0.0003501223,0.000238259,0.002238688,0.006779331,0.0006565439,0.0002561997,0.001289979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001069181,0.0002601084,0.000178961,0.0002289071,0.0006321468,0.004504147,0.0006736072,0.0005272741,0.000161424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000769781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001267468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001069787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004281042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979361,0.00006686753,0.0004196836,0.0004302894,0.0006082341,0.0005388655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967894,0.00119799,0.001088157,0.0006029001,0.0002796082,0.00004195844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001277826,0.000008489553,0.00009572061,0.0001489431,0.00007717314,0.000001008181,0.00006010936,7.423132e-7,1.127123e-7,0.454924,0.5408043,0.003866584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007373936,0.000002097435,0.0002729067,0.00008816137,0.0001772157,0.000007980135,0.0006949708,0.001484979,1.971746e-7,0.0159691,0.9802276,0.0003373651],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003562993,0.005816362,0.0001515176,0.2004736,0.001768005,0.001228798,0.00001515158,0.0002928319,0.7902181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01523685,0.001032343,0.0001621386,0.01880153,0.005793417,0.0002035496,0.0007297814,0.0001433313,0.9578971],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4394233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044688885","doi":"10.2308/accr.2001.76.4.495","title":"The Revenue Implications of Financial and Operational Measures of Product Quality","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Accounting Review","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Revenue; Product (mathematics); Quality (philosophy); Quarter (Canadian coin); Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06774440574751993,"gpt":0.3243016384572892,"spread":0.2565572327097693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002883649,0.00006686749,0.0001573268,0.00002249969,0.0003101606,0.00007996023,0.0002244872,0.0000133605,0.00004886457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002867744,0.00003866802,0.00004645342,0.0002840664,0.0001153935,0.0004852012,0.00009826499,0.00006218608,0.000005499461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000424769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003057009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002338757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001432248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992034,0.00004757482,0.0003705749,0.0001022983,0.0001806924,0.00009539011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985904,0.0002548172,0.0005238215,0.0002888998,0.0003391203,0.000002966783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000609891,0.00008536883,0.0827738,0.004471843,0.00005306044,2.144394e-7,0.0001119641,0.000005105728,0.0009422231,0.3934291,0.0517117,0.4663546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006594494,0.000001271075,0.2477465,0.0003657225,0.00005771189,0.00000295544,0.00002655349,0.00001455964,0.00001207472,0.003491543,0.7481608,0.00005438434],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5807748,0.2494671,0.0001503372,0.1325872,0.000508443,0.002187534,0.00001839736,0.00006552981,0.03424063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679697,0.02792817,0.00004354312,0.003270281,0.0004785166,0.00003558991,0.000007527879,0.000007621946,0.0002590555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6964491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3433165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125262073","doi":"10.1509/jmkg.70.1.092.qxd","title":"How Does Enforcement Deter Gray Market Incidence?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Marketing","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Enforcement; Grey market; Gray (unit); Business; Deterrence theory; Marketing; Certainty; Economics; Law; Political science; Market economy; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007198248161930903,"gpt":0.2085186136238091,"spread":0.2013203654618782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00520473,0.0001654096,0.0002298824,0.0003447191,0.0001890408,0.001040266,0.0002579592,0.00005840353,0.00201669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001634967,0.0001151662,0.0001673057,0.0002202954,0.00004303408,0.0032176,0.0001302227,0.0001943875,0.000008488063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004780066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002425699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008003371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007786088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983745,0.0001048673,0.0005297792,0.0001356833,0.0005614187,0.0002937349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975992,0.0005662292,0.001315325,0.0001323039,0.0003700182,0.00001696257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004857078,0.0004133069,0.3844255,0.001482301,0.0003253506,0.0004560201,0.0001467771,0.0001722411,0.004916687,0.01617406,0.4731597,0.113471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000779115,0.00001184223,0.09324235,0.0002142527,0.00009487066,0.0000521617,0.001071958,0.001689672,0.0001155889,0.002216095,0.9002618,0.0002502956],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6639201,0.0004111377,0.0009599365,0.006124259,0.001929947,0.0001953286,9.440544e-7,0.00005955168,0.3263988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886084,0.00003884454,0.0009890147,0.0008864367,0.003606627,0.00000256163,0.0000021871,0.00002104683,0.005844855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4271021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072813768","doi":"10.5465/amp.2011.61020798","title":"Angel Agents: Agency Theory Reconsidered.","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academy of Management Perspectives","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Principal–agent problem; Organizational behavior; Business; Management; Economics; Process management; Epistemology; Philosophy; Corporate governance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06683396538877814,"gpt":0.2787976814756655,"spread":0.2119637160868873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007775922,0.0002000187,0.0002069186,0.0004715691,0.0001489885,0.0000688105,0.0003860267,0.00008111164,0.007896784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001134896,0.000194782,0.0001264523,0.0003676268,0.0001866569,0.00218918,0.0003115786,0.0001484087,0.0002241071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002720485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003991371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004458894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002851161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986734,0.00004365334,0.0003252069,0.0003821664,0.0002766887,0.0002989137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992915,0.00006622462,0.0003797764,0.0001835542,0.00006316296,0.00001572158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001448927,0.0002082301,0.00133745,0.0001896514,0.0002589234,0.000006712684,0.002142819,0.000001143631,0.00002627013,0.9575724,0.01493913,0.02317239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070463,0.00001979009,0.2951232,0.0001044851,0.0003808186,0.000003384049,0.05436381,0.0001536552,0.0001838837,0.348315,0.2997149,0.0005666791],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08522499,0.001048862,0.0002931811,0.001288385,0.0001935525,0.0004241022,0.000001989193,0.0001873199,0.9113376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990163,0.0006357249,0.001096743,0.002090273,0.0003218932,0.00003322766,0.000003554028,0.00003022479,0.00562539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9057122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9930101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2207082468","doi":"","title":"The marketing consequences of competitor lawsuits","year":2006,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"MIT Sloan management review","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lawsuit; Publicity; Competitor analysis; Credibility; Verdict; Trademark; Damages; Business; Advertising; Quarter (Canadian coin); Marketing; Face (sociological concept); Economics; Law; Political science; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01267434799782719,"gpt":0.242703948690614,"spread":0.2300296006927869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004760877,0.0004100491,0.0006136841,0.0001713861,0.0006868892,0.0007871021,0.0008435408,0.00006763775,0.002245811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003713183,0.000312214,0.0003238994,0.0008356111,0.0004702382,0.0008855073,0.0006065792,0.0001841956,0.0008460532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004487094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002354349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009509605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965502,0.0003282817,0.00127377,0.0004789574,0.0007711989,0.0005976098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967456,0.000651416,0.001587266,0.000695708,0.0002986981,0.00002125382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009391443,0.0001931039,0.002437184,0.05757404,0.0006200903,0.00004792379,0.000008053219,0.000006580527,0.00002097064,0.3085577,0.4750568,0.1553836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003593184,0.000005945154,0.006081853,0.009428101,0.001405998,0.000001436377,0.0002034622,0.00008950948,0.000006505351,0.001002385,0.9810679,0.0003475875],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004655386,0.6496676,0.00003420076,0.01454873,0.001881688,0.001579792,0.000006695721,0.0000852571,0.3317305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07079869,0.8673312,0.0006135602,0.008387703,0.003796882,0.0002060329,0.0002056667,0.0001048709,0.04855542],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5060111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2523657064","doi":"10.7202/1100288ar","title":"UNHCR'S SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITY","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue québécoise de droit international","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03070461570198521,"gpt":0.2615484107573607,"spread":0.2308437950553755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007716641,0.0001082809,0.0001103896,0.0004028355,0.000107362,0.0002611133,0.0003391121,0.00006363379,0.002003683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008796256,0.0001291414,0.0001023853,0.0003970251,0.00003990836,0.00116231,0.000133518,0.0001194967,0.001543625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001102958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005259423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000739716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007376251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989801,0.00001836982,0.0002441431,0.0002592459,0.000252154,0.0002459987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992548,0.0001880927,0.0001275679,0.0002302471,0.0001818713,0.00001747652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003099371,0.0001240459,0.02642597,0.0001789217,0.0000867284,0.00009753593,0.0002551489,0.0002627213,0.0008271121,0.9205087,0.03429116,0.01663203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002876082,0.000003158,0.1042166,0.00003517411,0.0000170255,0.00001330428,0.0002790671,0.01957461,0.00001956543,0.04156648,0.8338187,0.0001686488],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6253632,0.00002273093,0.0001257643,0.006783818,0.001083195,0.0001275144,0.000009813844,0.0003998972,0.366084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838357,0.0000424391,0.00009086244,0.003310668,0.001772885,0.00003163099,0.0001783501,0.00002588333,0.01071161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8789422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2260943157","doi":"","title":"Internal Audit and E-commerce Controls","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"COBIT; Business; Internal audit; Internal control; Commission; Accounting; Control (management); Audit; Process management; Information technology audit; Order (exchange); Information system; Control environment; Knowledge management; Management; Computer science; Engineering; Joint audit; Corporate governance; Finance; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007145043426335158,"gpt":0.2261364083224957,"spread":0.2189913648961606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001036302,0.0001145646,0.0001273421,0.0001432775,0.0002387903,0.0004193602,0.0001601764,0.00004021592,0.0001575973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001312138,0.0001002372,0.00005775362,0.0001039053,0.0000437989,0.001569394,0.00006751966,0.0007235393,0.00007257567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001773934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002019968,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003438949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008947824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985049,0.00001240558,0.0001905315,0.0001264104,0.0001779934,0.0009877782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995767,0.00003697278,0.0002184391,0.00007789744,0.00007473207,0.00001524863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001206875,0.0000418899,0.002260028,0.00001301223,0.00009338753,0.000005725609,0.0000428293,0.00002289412,0.0001633513,0.9673187,0.0003634224,0.0295541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003653357,0.00005923158,0.007767746,0.00005606451,0.00009352573,0.0005934768,0.003404805,0.000262914,0.00001232033,0.6924579,0.2913464,0.0002922428],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8850532,0.003539234,0.01229318,0.02300541,0.0007585422,0.0002070715,6.370577e-7,0.0001159195,0.07502684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938412,0.001021444,0.00003652312,0.00244714,0.001306382,0.000002537191,0.000002052425,0.0000158447,0.001326883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.290983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4087553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062197520","doi":"10.5539/emr.v3n2p52","title":"Performance Improvement by Logistics Collaboration Management Model for Orchid Flower Industry in Thailand","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Management Research","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Competitive advantage; Reliability (semiconductor); Industrial organization; Marketing; Operations management; Process management; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02742822506437945,"gpt":0.2875681737017887,"spread":0.2601399486374092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002269915,0.0002002342,0.0001643987,0.0007597474,0.0001919124,0.0004807332,0.000357693,0.0001534577,0.00006678292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001150095,0.0002082668,0.00003404272,0.0007958448,0.00003477832,0.0009258278,0.0003632662,0.0004410653,0.00003416059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001367091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008946404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002021764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002623252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980003,0.00001593511,0.000320703,0.0004014786,0.000618235,0.0006433491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993033,0.00009737426,0.00007835987,0.0003379822,0.0001570411,0.00002594365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003456891,0.0004040528,0.002243583,0.005365703,0.0001692265,0.00001028165,0.0001476214,0.5524632,0.000440668,0.2792474,0.1124108,0.04675171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008623901,0.00001825355,0.000875107,0.00006701618,0.00001927982,9.251354e-8,0.000242401,0.7781066,0.00003330909,0.000361719,0.2192205,0.0001933245],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4225897,0.0001656114,0.2870758,0.005482596,0.001554357,0.006657819,0.00002197823,0.0006210079,0.2758312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868031,0.000120043,0.002306696,0.0003184321,0.0003151444,0.0005497009,0.0000997694,0.00004621163,0.009440897],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5642134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8492874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387271926","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4590097","title":"How Pervasive is Corporate Fraud?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Internet privacy; Computer security; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02578998609615693,"gpt":0.230487359917777,"spread":0.20469737382162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001242424,0.0001402981,0.0001342272,0.0003177273,0.0003831443,0.0008915082,0.0002412998,0.00005884004,0.000322873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000175709,0.0001256484,0.0001087058,0.0006487001,0.00003644086,0.002268432,0.00008884813,0.0007531947,0.0006280588],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001284425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002933368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004565944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002401058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978209,0.00001793347,0.0001588059,0.0001721777,0.0003148271,0.00151533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991875,0.00004360689,0.000440832,0.0001312036,0.0001815048,0.00001532528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009503563,0.00004224717,0.007096792,0.00004903729,0.0002282626,0.00003246174,0.0001632059,0.00001716957,0.0002792652,0.8959408,0.04804873,0.04800695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006066648,0.00002189703,0.002955508,0.00001614644,0.00005441697,0.00007435417,0.008884654,0.001430981,0.00001988194,0.4618642,0.5238358,0.0002355201],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8766458,0.001690567,0.001752428,0.07638901,0.001735311,0.0003093733,0.000002977406,0.0005176272,0.0409569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.963994,0.001979585,0.00001232321,0.002510925,0.00200247,0.000005689705,0.00001693756,0.00003216392,0.02944595],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.475787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8596835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244928338","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.997576","title":"How Pervasive is Corporate Fraud?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Internet privacy; Computer security; Accounting; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01820812872899948,"gpt":0.22767366068414,"spread":0.2094655319551405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002271881,0.0001510969,0.0001359153,0.0002531307,0.0003511373,0.0007310953,0.0002327996,0.00007071156,0.0003329606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001536425,0.0001348436,0.0001081838,0.0003217217,0.00004401135,0.002419587,0.00005933352,0.0009029259,0.000127608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002016114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002601623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006115517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007402123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976029,0.00001191434,0.0002036147,0.000166813,0.0003252448,0.001689503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989694,0.00005010067,0.0005923255,0.0001285306,0.0002394126,0.00002028115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001805407,0.00006757153,0.009348151,0.00002731809,0.000165102,0.00002634429,0.0001146697,0.000002546781,0.0003212878,0.9115642,0.006237679,0.07194455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008689881,0.00003478917,0.004735359,0.00001769742,0.00007460266,0.0002000938,0.01049382,0.000216371,0.00008592552,0.3787328,0.6042314,0.0003081691],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8412027,0.003798205,0.02734171,0.02903984,0.001629711,0.0003164749,0.000001327892,0.0001996117,0.09647039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98123,0.0006994161,0.00005420107,0.003564559,0.002440382,0.000001382638,0.000005796548,0.00002630856,0.01197791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5979937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7049969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125813963","doi":"","title":"High Frequency Traders: Angels or Devils?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"C.D. Howe Institute Commentary","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"High-frequency trading; Order (exchange); Price discovery; Disadvantage; Blame; Capital market; Business; Empirical evidence; Volatility (finance); Monetary economics; Capital (architecture); Economics; Financial economics; Algorithmic trading; Finance; Political science; Futures contract; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03567616343379142,"gpt":0.2432831322378155,"spread":0.2076069688040241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001827729,0.0002379,0.0002170644,0.0002148727,0.0003713301,0.0006125925,0.0003819867,0.00007690248,0.009277608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008547459,0.0001994983,0.00007813797,0.0002987428,0.0001871489,0.008859519,0.0001826382,0.0001738218,0.0008117016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006149311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002379929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003931754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005797171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987328,0.00001842939,0.0003213798,0.0002853387,0.0002502482,0.0003918065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999262,0.00007083167,0.0002035192,0.0003355744,0.00009487158,0.0000331843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008375101,0.000325004,0.006510788,0.0002779159,0.0001494333,0.00007913032,0.0002371837,0.00001564774,0.0004678895,0.04983229,0.8875896,0.05443135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001051734,0.00001501534,0.009941516,0.00007418294,0.00006732776,0.000007705757,0.001268522,0.0001992022,0.00006884874,0.005701798,0.9812136,0.0003904885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8081142,0.000553555,0.0004843957,0.12084,0.004557631,0.00113625,0.00001182644,0.0005436874,0.06375849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.899375,0.00008215819,0.001717306,0.0957601,0.00211648,0.0001095169,0.0002620028,0.00003280463,0.0005446099],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09362404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092538179","doi":"10.1177/0022243720969174","title":"Involving Sales Managers in Sales Force Compensation Design","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Marketing Research","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; University at Buffalo; HEC Montréal; Texas Christian University; Northwestern University","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Incentive; Negotiation; Sales force; Compensation (psychology); Business; Set (abstract data type); Sales management; Outcome (game theory); Marketing; Microeconomics; Computer science; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1530664120101426,"gpt":0.3430900203713527,"spread":0.1900236083612102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02038477,0.0001022454,0.0002053932,0.0006999919,0.0001876154,0.000526556,0.0003622695,0.00005626974,0.0002404429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01329764,0.0000953354,0.00006996353,0.0008518641,0.00007838933,0.001922369,0.000207347,0.0005729999,0.00005613524],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007696731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007138513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003207742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002822055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974163,0.0006687827,0.0005088132,0.0001585816,0.0008635332,0.0003840057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956056,0.003264504,0.0004487171,0.00009479876,0.0005536987,0.00003270584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.03603583,0.0008206468,0.3846883,0.007799631,0.0005120556,0.00166118,0.006424922,0.01584427,0.02727136,0.0479784,0.3362412,0.1347222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005031323,0.0001870003,0.4188992,0.002057571,0.00008737462,0.00005128124,0.04256502,0.2320777,0.0001745995,0.01038152,0.2876443,0.0008431066],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9382276,0.001352425,0.002154938,0.02918098,0.0003333367,0.0005032811,4.641288e-7,0.00005820473,0.0281888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967096,0.0002529056,0.001045719,0.000844585,0.0009541364,0.000002833409,0.000003264469,0.00002205331,0.0001648497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2162334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7003707","doi":"","title":"Information, Privilege, Opportunity, and Insider Trading","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Business; Legislation; Insider; Privilege (computing); Confidentiality; Inside information; Alternative trading system; Value (mathematics); Law and economics; Law; Algorithmic trading; Finance; Economics; Political science; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0248911266657199,"gpt":0.2203589376474777,"spread":0.1954678109817578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001183558,0.0000968969,0.0000899113,0.0002338577,0.000268295,0.000295303,0.0001190949,0.00004056482,0.0005659714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001767391,0.00008727916,0.00003438568,0.0001408873,0.00003388778,0.006419629,0.00006229315,0.0005107205,0.00003580234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000648091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002444776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001200362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002377058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987905,0.00001234196,0.0002272743,0.00005806653,0.0001558776,0.0007559546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995146,0.00001987887,0.0002635931,0.00007285392,0.0001073265,0.00002168305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000409135,0.00002553242,0.007322656,0.00002431513,0.0000547037,0.000001530003,0.0004250788,2.204042e-7,0.000005566245,0.9424363,0.001342524,0.04832068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000861507,0.0000329361,0.02000828,0.00002294291,0.00007577537,0.0003609281,0.01208285,0.0005684704,0.000007082298,0.6579412,0.3077523,0.0002858098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6165816,0.0007332995,0.004703965,0.002119606,0.0005868739,0.0002148258,5.98025e-7,0.0001353084,0.3749239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966553,0.0006344694,0.00006710076,0.001873592,0.0003773317,0.000002380122,0.000004507221,0.000009519955,0.0003758145],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3800737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.619699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W80422984","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2324325","title":"Earnings Management Practices in Sales and Strategic Accounts Survey Report","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Earnings management; Earnings; Accounting; Marketing; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02766427593914915,"gpt":0.2722039864817057,"spread":0.2445397105425565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004460906,0.0001591136,0.0001624335,0.00032848,0.0001971612,0.0009687748,0.0001956677,0.00005856523,0.0002640663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003434025,0.0001430627,0.0000342293,0.0003196282,0.0000412909,0.003881208,0.0001123087,0.0008059195,0.000131951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001770481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001937659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003672925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007810191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997857,0.00006695611,0.0003708653,0.0002499424,0.000303596,0.001151633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985332,0.0001129683,0.001040413,0.000139711,0.0001567201,0.00001692051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001687308,0.0001507457,0.7320009,0.0001435247,0.0002631409,0.0001343043,0.00008401816,0.0000291599,0.00006291998,0.2517355,0.001102534,0.01412448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009181164,0.00002426383,0.804514,0.00004448918,0.00005380376,0.0005419891,0.00950196,0.0007776075,7.188003e-7,0.1626737,0.02062703,0.0003222596],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.958355,0.0005865634,0.00004035009,0.001263134,0.0001774703,0.0002210527,2.053116e-7,0.00003496939,0.03932127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941839,0.002219868,0.00004199858,0.0003278235,0.0003123608,0.00001472588,0.00002031442,0.00002112258,0.002857869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08906179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9341918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121407751","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8616.2008.00518.x","title":"Certified value sellers","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business Strategy Review","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Certification; Business; Commerce; Marketing; Management; Economics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07057635529101651,"gpt":0.2643389307421429,"spread":0.1937625754511264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003298029,0.0002154845,0.0003394139,0.0001099171,0.000284354,0.0001432631,0.000238306,0.0000579385,0.002675588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002226957,0.0001856581,0.00009763829,0.0009985855,0.00008508863,0.001814965,0.0000797269,0.0001031179,0.0009555047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001500368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006721514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002398403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001315026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987403,0.00002471304,0.0003808165,0.0002814771,0.0002792692,0.0002934355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998986,0.00004472186,0.0002920757,0.0003052849,0.0003551454,0.00001677254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015394,0.000571301,0.005048739,0.03507776,0.0002080481,0.0003458032,0.00005663336,0.0006573343,0.000243098,0.2413564,0.5973324,0.1189485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002807804,0.000002316241,0.02168524,0.0008580745,0.000096118,0.0000518567,0.00003190157,0.0004458926,0.000002968284,0.0005618111,0.975675,0.0003080017],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0369394,0.1173921,0.000304684,0.01563705,0.001381678,0.001491932,0.000003456838,0.0007893516,0.8260603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8321188,0.1311804,0.0001648743,0.02863669,0.00198761,0.0001113619,0.0001714471,0.00009093316,0.005537885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8205224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1580774193","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1013482","title":"Private Regulation of Insider Trading in the Shadow of Lax Public Enforcement (and a Strong Neighbor)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Enforcement; Shadow (psychology); Business; Law and economics; Industrial organization; Accounting; Finance; Economics; Political science; Law; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03456418483310143,"gpt":0.2746989742014586,"spread":0.2401347893683571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003838448,0.00006776744,0.0001019913,0.0001489492,0.00004043574,0.0001261979,0.00009446326,0.00002727365,0.001029263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001161996,0.00005110045,0.00002174278,0.0002352211,0.00004286346,0.00129835,0.00005514122,0.00005060477,0.000004129445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009193846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007216855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001459745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001308902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994048,0.00002059796,0.0001925898,0.00008841981,0.0001745843,0.0001190286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994681,0.00009009456,0.0002464042,0.0001282289,0.0000622323,0.000004897691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002443165,0.00006260261,0.03452754,0.0002597396,0.00002302975,3.182893e-7,0.002767,0.00005160073,0.002751948,0.9498074,0.001446861,0.008277547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001463245,0.00002702203,0.8225878,0.0001327402,0.00004980595,0.000002049272,0.02236698,0.07258793,0.0004136216,0.01895159,0.06115451,0.0002626822],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8975168,0.00006715457,0.0001663642,0.003217398,0.00004115772,0.0002823847,1.46203e-7,0.00001257566,0.09869599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992871,0.00001007496,0.000108718,0.0002961745,0.00006790797,0.00001408707,0.000005433855,0.000006200773,0.000204251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9308558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023021181","doi":"","title":"'Fraud on the market': Judicial approaches to causation and loss from securities nondisclosure in the United States, Canada and Australia","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Melbourne University law review","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06097942409248674,"gpt":0.2189998607117546,"spread":0.1580204366192679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005858488,0.0001186806,0.0001492056,0.00006728607,0.0002832009,0.0001499012,0.0001678413,0.00002951712,0.0003718221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005551043,0.00008260859,0.00002021646,0.00031389,0.00007857471,0.0005006996,0.00008687263,0.0001384331,0.000005325476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000522494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002091216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5173904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7999377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992357,0.0001265096,0.0001264183,0.0001598158,0.0002023929,0.0001491288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994864,0.0002163902,0.0001079428,0.0001384636,0.00003502103,0.00001575006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001609213,0.00008630186,0.006648779,0.001169449,0.00008549727,0.00006041941,0.001348135,0.00008256362,8.557697e-7,0.8101467,0.1752981,0.004912242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002011276,0.000003935117,0.01778899,0.0003801941,0.00007480836,0.000001664206,0.001608579,0.0002352006,6.868569e-7,0.0004149139,0.9791738,0.000116139],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9004821,0.002104435,0.000008824341,0.0824648,0.00007962331,0.0006598011,0.00003452244,0.0000186666,0.01414724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9754379,0.003664258,0.00002665086,0.01995864,0.0002149346,0.000002360443,0.00009262848,0.000006684602,0.0005959683],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8097318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4858234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2827920734","doi":"10.1016/j.irle.2018.10.003","title":"An empirical comparison of insider trading enforcement in Canada and the United States","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Law and Economics","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Enforcement; Jurisdiction; Business; Securities fraud; Insider; Finance; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03770896856608898,"gpt":0.3174685887335811,"spread":0.2797596201674921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002968108,0.00004149583,0.0001380214,0.00003877871,0.00002405242,0.00003204123,0.00007147091,0.000007836716,0.0001762355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004215633,0.00003094566,0.00001164239,0.00003037719,0.00008975954,0.0003281267,0.00003525436,0.00002566516,3.25678e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002446517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002407141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4274377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4588001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995589,0.00001037925,0.0002806769,0.00006024799,0.00004634079,0.00004346836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995687,0.0001044785,0.0002110369,0.00004864644,0.00006195274,0.000005198395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001241119,0.00003419223,0.08157675,0.0008853052,0.0000554178,2.70202e-7,0.0003340542,0.00009199704,0.000001655903,0.9076966,0.001232132,0.007967482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007855517,0.00001073999,0.01083763,0.0005217179,0.00002847777,0.000001394043,0.0008539166,0.2325744,0.00001935707,0.005195131,0.7490828,0.00008883611],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755643,0.0008912632,0.00001190331,0.002023621,0.0001198267,0.00008845586,0.000003062328,0.000001589722,0.02129595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884937,0.003597263,0.00002604313,0.007778361,0.00006468497,0.000002344019,0.0000295458,0.000002407508,0.000005581684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9025015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.576375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052440465","doi":"10.1108/17505930810881743","title":"Systematic profitability analysis of binary network marketing organizations","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Direct Marketing An International Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Profitability index; Computer science; Originality; Node (physics); Network topology; Binary number; Binary tree; Function (biology); Compensation (psychology); Order (exchange); Mathematical optimization; Data mining; Operations research; Management science; Algorithm; Mathematics; Engineering; Economics; Computer network","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01384591475632827,"gpt":0.2564882225157455,"spread":0.2426423077594173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007339419,0.0001804742,0.0004397096,0.0008891541,0.0005289785,0.0003866754,0.0005437357,0.00006407085,0.001722543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008173683,0.0001677634,0.0002291742,0.002035152,0.0000824872,0.00209926,0.0001731669,0.00020022,0.0000134344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008363205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006961623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007045081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003243738,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973248,0.0004419456,0.0009112976,0.0002636366,0.0007828501,0.0002754771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954598,0.001098335,0.001324105,0.0002484311,0.001835634,0.00003368678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007859358,0.0003800392,0.9791847,0.00149191,0.00360584,0.00008065546,0.0003744651,0.009125052,0.000197821,0.001314299,0.002762407,0.0006969159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003788454,0.00000828259,0.9130238,0.0009907245,0.0009988918,0.00008386992,0.0007247532,0.08126497,0.00000600265,0.00006417339,0.002175205,0.0002804778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9614457,0.000192268,0.0002545141,0.0003457805,0.001257899,0.0002034981,0.000005573953,0.0001235613,0.03617123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967919,0.0001304954,0.0008150081,0.0003417538,0.00145579,0.000009883148,0.00008146693,0.00002741661,0.0003462616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07213992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235616776","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1324298","title":"Like Moths Attracted to Flames: Executives and Financial Reporting Frauds","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Brock University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Accounting; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01125335188975705,"gpt":0.2494197124079364,"spread":0.2381663605181794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001837143,0.0001586383,0.0001974674,0.0002490174,0.0003803821,0.0004500677,0.0001432977,0.00007009057,0.00007524181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001212609,0.0001466685,0.00007100264,0.0003146672,0.00002339921,0.001608896,0.00004974952,0.0007545034,0.00002403334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001135171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002743447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000507465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002114771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977548,0.00001785983,0.0005332074,0.0002183557,0.000244399,0.001231416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988316,0.00003921441,0.000843325,0.0001135012,0.0001442936,0.000028056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007134945,0.0002802953,0.01580642,0.00006483962,0.0001490414,0.00009400318,0.0009616276,0.00006238585,0.00348122,0.298862,0.0157248,0.6637999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001462114,0.0002342639,0.1801469,0.0001334941,0.0001373469,0.0006996032,0.006739567,0.0006656159,0.00006015305,0.1650994,0.6438245,0.0007970058],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738746,0.00104879,0.001818486,0.005701493,0.0003471929,0.0001736978,3.042303e-7,0.00009862103,0.01693676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920864,0.0004395249,0.0001287317,0.004151259,0.001458343,0.000002426819,0.000003708439,0.00001505514,0.001714573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6630028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.598097,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2308536786","doi":"","title":"Mechanism of network marketing organizations expansion as pyramid structures","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Research","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Pyramid (geometry); Mechanism (biology); Marketing; Sales force; Business; Computer science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02374480564623547,"gpt":0.3028643676582102,"spread":0.2791195620119747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003102212,0.00008656763,0.0001551302,0.0005550084,0.0003097483,0.0002543099,0.0002155617,0.00003971012,0.0004073601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004047253,0.00006914276,0.00004220012,0.0009274675,0.00008200709,0.0008813458,0.0003239349,0.0002121206,0.000008904398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000246163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003027938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004160562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008651116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985113,0.00006056018,0.0003523901,0.000114107,0.0007177973,0.0002438232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987112,0.0001310544,0.0003482034,0.0001148103,0.0006736565,0.00002102972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004133064,0.0001139139,0.00161383,0.0006548211,0.000172977,0.00008930083,0.0001777252,0.001317591,0.0004076645,0.9701808,0.01054681,0.01431125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004222448,0.0001748633,0.06186393,0.0009846416,0.0002671116,0.00008272887,0.01376595,0.001038959,0.0006432074,0.7048911,0.21163,0.0004350242],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9083215,0.001260531,0.002446425,0.0070111,0.0008074155,0.0004899921,5.168383e-7,0.00003330616,0.0796292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959083,0.0007211595,0.001392157,0.0002691564,0.0007562097,0.000001463662,0.000002233344,0.00001613691,0.0009331384],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2652897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4460308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242029583","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2022887","title":"Corporate Governance and Insider Trading","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Corporate governance; Business; Accounting; Insider; Financial system; Finance; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02063023209317943,"gpt":0.2248301563921012,"spread":0.2041999242989218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001285898,0.00009682916,0.0000943514,0.00006320068,0.0002294676,0.0002368456,0.00008256966,0.00003392873,0.000175883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001004183,0.00008607977,0.00003372149,0.000135433,0.00003019832,0.00337093,0.00004065675,0.000513023,0.0000368949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001121173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009161875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004727549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001348556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984371,0.00001326399,0.0001470368,0.00008348949,0.0001576555,0.001161449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994736,0.00003180817,0.0003735688,0.00006070705,0.00004336596,0.00001694685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003060902,0.00002498718,0.02798543,0.0000128296,0.00003705354,9.867499e-7,0.00004665821,7.405726e-7,0.00007423502,0.9485613,0.0008841583,0.022341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001179574,0.00002285507,0.07586651,0.00003582392,0.000106508,0.000542602,0.003135677,0.001023965,0.00001935624,0.4960417,0.4216014,0.0004240689],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9500152,0.007998218,0.001007246,0.002477464,0.0006537997,0.00008610833,3.116014e-7,0.00005218561,0.03770949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945803,0.001484674,0.00004228168,0.0009501686,0.001716773,0.000001606884,0.000001391533,0.00001553505,0.00120726],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4525196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3510231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1532418751","doi":"","title":"Mutual Recognition Based on Substituted Compliance: An Integral Component of the SEC’s Mandate","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Howard (Howard University)","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mandate; Compliance (psychology); Component (thermodynamics); Mutual recognition; Business; Political science; Law; Psychology; International trade; Physics; Social psychology; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06211823606854655,"gpt":0.2092995498146935,"spread":0.147181313746147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008852909,0.0001714538,0.0001792991,0.0003151134,0.0002834469,0.0001457147,0.0003570887,0.00006489915,0.0001624363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006753661,0.000149601,0.0001418037,0.0005583841,0.0002478845,0.002794202,0.0001322996,0.0001472441,0.00008879013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000576198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000440879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009059921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004008335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990352,0.00002828378,0.0001560242,0.0002477318,0.000325246,0.000207517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991968,0.00005820067,0.0002394084,0.0002590595,0.0002206566,0.0000258179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02774606,0.0124649,0.3449844,0.003210294,0.001313054,0.00204773,0.00391914,0.007916772,0.002744593,0.269166,0.04678733,0.2776997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005783157,0.0001515175,0.15809,0.00046342,0.0001942384,0.00002639787,0.003925942,0.03995182,0.0008332381,0.001106654,0.788338,0.001135663],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8702983,0.000003252291,0.0004319926,0.0004098178,0.0003436573,0.0002138407,0.00006054037,0.0001184388,0.1281201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980977,0.000005868304,0.00005209773,0.0004287868,0.0001330977,6.567582e-7,0.0003197437,0.00001442897,0.0009476112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7415507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.610055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1946907615","doi":"","title":"Enforcement Effectiveness in the Canadian Capital Markets","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Enforcement; Discretion; Jurisdiction; Business; Capital market; Law and economics; Misconduct; Capital (architecture); Law enforcement; Public economics; Economics; Finance; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0119486153946251,"gpt":0.2334030315253368,"spread":0.2214544161307117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009952072,0.00007830574,0.00006159736,0.0001883977,0.0001666089,0.0003637532,0.0001636131,0.00003139691,0.003524907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000741428,0.00005507214,0.00002725972,0.0001976391,0.00002167503,0.001133924,0.00003100992,0.00007146552,0.0002848205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007763625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003158243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1786988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.726284,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993614,0.00002830318,0.0001066942,0.0001084048,0.0001719909,0.0002232274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.0001063234,0.00003965557,0.0001254127,0.00003452297,0.000009096309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007422156,0.00007853033,0.02729803,0.00008481328,0.00001950076,0.00001711125,0.000430479,0.000149379,0.00001430656,0.9202793,0.01443824,0.03711614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003172987,0.000001722198,0.2139383,0.000008422167,0.000006882447,0.00000181,0.0008247814,0.002154378,0.000007103695,0.0007906769,0.7818522,0.00009641377],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3283984,0.00002899714,0.0000129703,0.003351183,0.0001176027,0.0002209683,2.798994e-7,0.00002169466,0.6678479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913274,0.000002899749,0.00002263074,0.007513488,0.0004003319,0.00003040355,0.00001170581,0.000006271289,0.0006848873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9194885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079375274","doi":"10.1108/02756660610710283","title":"Related party transactions: too close for (shareholders') comfort","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Business Strategy","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Scrutiny; Business; Appearance of impropriety; Originality; Shareholder; Value (mathematics); FLAGS register; Accounting; Database transaction; Law and economics; Law; Finance; Political science; Corporate governance; Economics; Computer science; Database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02555157497328324,"gpt":0.2447906663393729,"spread":0.2192390913660896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005135469,0.0001600944,0.0002711801,0.0003020097,0.0002041642,0.0004322892,0.0001749839,0.00009947892,0.0008400201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008018562,0.000138288,0.0001680167,0.0005114303,0.00005050495,0.003454445,0.000009981512,0.0001567398,0.00001290827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002891551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008023511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001817395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006367425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986615,0.0000125981,0.000679768,0.0001316742,0.0002723887,0.0002420978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980496,0.0001038975,0.0008704736,0.0001184416,0.000843163,0.00001438712],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00499555,0.003832486,0.009042551,0.003908945,0.001086212,0.000420074,0.0002943493,0.07993928,0.005837612,0.3473325,0.3954428,0.1478676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058357,0.00007352059,0.06582651,0.0002337432,0.0005471026,0.0002298111,0.001880525,0.008438121,0.0001667399,0.05028853,0.8658108,0.0006688574],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8348297,0.002132248,0.04727116,0.01216368,0.004813855,0.001198425,0.0000358754,0.0002498897,0.09730514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962368,0.0000486835,0.0003032044,0.0004505719,0.001165896,0.000008688783,0.00003721619,0.00002656848,0.001722348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.470368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9197631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W399171347","doi":"","title":"Tougher Boards for Tougher Times: Corporate Governance in the Post- Enron Era","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Praise; Globe; Excellence; Management; Political science; Business; Accounting; Public relations; Law; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01940704178318035,"gpt":0.2275151605269075,"spread":0.2081081187437271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006082481,0.0003604438,0.0003319313,0.0001258058,0.0001354142,0.0006912511,0.0004724405,0.0002591641,0.005744104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000104231,0.0002633119,0.0001798076,0.0001605408,0.00006565394,0.001464744,0.0001162408,0.0002905612,0.0002867831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009607986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001186334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009451666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001385008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983696,0.00001969151,0.0004249662,0.0003990876,0.0004346268,0.0003520431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981703,0.0002776337,0.0009223499,0.0003820792,0.0002410266,0.000006574506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008116126,0.00003883594,0.00006222064,0.0002026456,0.00002003189,0.000007649234,0.00001769936,0.000009137654,0.0000011649,0.2471469,0.7497138,0.002698752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005768643,0.00001227531,0.001823706,0.00008644516,0.00007356206,0.000001486532,0.00007616163,0.0003917269,6.875031e-7,0.02086063,0.975721,0.0003754609],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001449876,0.0004703596,0.00005595654,0.004351373,0.0006450108,0.0009754171,0.00002924074,0.00009164705,0.993236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002039177,0.00003308682,0.0001824662,0.01561467,0.003072716,0.0001159312,0.0007091931,0.00007131113,0.9781615],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2262863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999819,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2568254620","doi":"","title":"CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR BANKS","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sample (material); Customer relationship management; Computer science; Perception; Process (computing); Descriptive statistics; Marketing; Knowledge management; Business; Statistics; Psychology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03841606523640951,"gpt":0.2642371286307634,"spread":0.2258210633943539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009839645,0.00007745597,0.00009793582,0.0001256572,0.0001056474,0.00011247,0.0002063172,0.00002545783,0.0001036214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008524986,0.00004079719,0.00005374596,0.00006112182,0.0000440332,0.0007363984,0.00009207614,0.00007919335,0.00001295324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001439892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004084297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009218873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007971003,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994317,0.00002050249,0.0002409407,0.00005702714,0.0001336681,0.0001162177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990802,0.0003608928,0.00033829,0.00009784551,0.000115117,0.000007672782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001076741,0.00008665376,0.008930014,0.0002399346,0.0002404667,0.000003642478,0.0009821379,0.0003203255,0.0001271458,0.6521893,0.1169624,0.2188413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038675,0.00005888436,0.03776647,0.0009987598,0.0007477282,0.00009865692,0.001636404,0.1141887,0.00004610086,0.09299548,0.7471364,0.0004589059],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5906047,0.0006442128,0.2723091,0.02685103,0.0008116194,0.0003645783,0.000002210754,0.00005578385,0.1083567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909031,0.00008279548,0.0003188968,0.002002662,0.000268448,0.000002690362,5.521878e-7,0.00001076582,0.006410081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.630174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1663661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312234183","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4249189","title":"Disclosing and Cooling-Off: An Analysis of Insider Trading Rules","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Business; Insider; Law and economics; Accounting; Economics; Political science; Law; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01251960101229047,"gpt":0.2451614514158875,"spread":0.2326418504035971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001715779,0.00009392427,0.0001923915,0.0006167521,0.0005656402,0.000212842,0.0001449807,0.00001893214,0.0003949544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006480593,0.00009166345,0.00009297732,0.0005560813,0.00003502694,0.00139251,0.00009570955,0.0005448543,7.200419e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001412083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001320708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002075299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007135629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986456,0.00004953403,0.0002497713,0.0001419776,0.0002673655,0.000645776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994189,0.0000557126,0.0003626276,0.00009381135,0.00005663988,0.00001229686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003392698,0.00021804,0.05524539,0.00003960941,0.001822315,0.00000775641,0.000786451,0.002090672,0.0006289653,0.8635771,0.0001063926,0.07513803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002530348,0.000227287,0.110009,0.00003392152,0.0055931,0.0003199271,0.0975631,0.3916064,0.00002732701,0.3078052,0.08328372,0.001000705],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951268,0.001804814,0.0005637819,0.0004586937,0.0001107224,0.00004883322,0.00000178061,0.00002165681,0.001862953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988456,0.0003859399,0.00003129576,0.0003110509,0.0002534219,0.000002585688,0.00002131743,0.00001386419,0.0001348794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5557719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4350504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224302544","doi":"10.21684/2412-2343-2022-9-1-136-167","title":"Legal Protection of Investors from the Corporate Malfeasance of Insider Dealings: A South African-Canadian Comparative Review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BRICS Law Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Enforcement; Insider trading; Transparency (behavior); Alternative trading system; Business; Capital market; Position (finance); Financial market; Accounting; Insider; Algorithmic trading; Finance; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09479362601833169,"gpt":0.2506101564485849,"spread":0.1558165304302532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008816101,0.00008588634,0.0001995535,0.00009505047,0.0005521865,0.0001164748,0.0002145675,0.00001729354,0.0007452262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000134185,0.00006941552,0.0000756785,0.0004819946,0.00009645718,0.0006923021,0.00008260061,0.0002820719,0.000004903179],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000536591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001234899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06448166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02226088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989588,0.0001099859,0.0003585546,0.00009742344,0.0003399411,0.0001352712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980732,0.00005750954,0.001466972,0.0001177193,0.0002634423,0.00002122463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008942363,0.0003507618,0.01739925,0.001539851,0.0007100523,0.0000913102,0.006602816,0.003486418,0.0004723645,0.8741843,0.08534911,0.008919515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000379377,0.00002578663,0.005381405,0.0002924303,0.0001248511,0.00003557468,0.005663336,0.001165554,0.00002109687,0.005156981,0.9816012,0.0001524381],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7290627,0.0219566,0.0009462205,0.02230524,0.002438794,0.002212615,0.0001438746,0.00006470213,0.2208692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949507,0.0001105208,0.00009664052,0.004493163,0.0002601549,0.00001449268,0.0000101917,0.000008744253,0.00005538782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8962521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121156396","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3402154","title":"Information Disclosure and the Market for Acquiring Technology Companies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Information technology; Industrial organization; Accounting; Commerce; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00368201160975812,"gpt":0.2019832476764963,"spread":0.1983012360667382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001595815,0.0000799336,0.0001110131,0.0001734355,0.0002686044,0.0003882658,0.0001511658,0.00004290558,0.00008418366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000149697,0.00005230798,0.00004462929,0.0001407202,0.00006872281,0.002380631,0.00007155092,0.0003462672,0.00002179873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004859622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007336256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001437436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008325541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990477,0.00001104069,0.0001724159,0.00005414132,0.0001093826,0.0006053088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994712,0.00009700494,0.0002472919,0.00008320426,0.00009741801,0.000003865309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002961936,0.000005200785,0.004596625,0.00003998342,0.00005549417,3.640601e-8,0.00006073702,0.000009601364,0.00000770822,0.9747617,0.0006229704,0.01954374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003332299,0.00002645953,0.00213475,0.00002449526,0.00006641536,0.0001051248,0.01743693,0.007012292,0.000002960081,0.5138631,0.4558453,0.0001498605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9113331,0.00239067,0.007964004,0.03104671,0.0007304147,0.0009438046,0.00000130428,0.0001189759,0.04547098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974614,0.0004447463,0.00003008211,0.0006896045,0.0002922288,0.00001187492,0.000003965268,0.000007337705,0.00105879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4608985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3744056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1567630625","doi":"","title":"PROTECTING MARKET INTEGRITY IN AN ERA OF FRAGMENTATION AND CROSS BORDER TRADING","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Market microstructure; Alternative trading system; Market liquidity; Insider trading; Flash trading; Market manipulation; Emerging markets; Algorithmic trading; Stock market; Industrial organization; Dark liquidity; Order (exchange); Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01086734681352165,"gpt":0.3028952930059678,"spread":0.2920279461924462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00401901,0.00008829901,0.000122402,0.0001525731,0.0001834758,0.0002735411,0.000081727,0.00004856014,0.0001651204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003416308,0.0000831216,0.00002705495,0.0001760759,0.00003372283,0.002312986,0.00002774923,0.001205172,8.991456e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000904089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009409644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003986094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00208069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988087,0.00007508585,0.0002578341,0.0001265817,0.0001511776,0.0005806144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994656,0.00007578696,0.0002992912,0.00006414093,0.00008591307,0.000009202854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004949822,0.0001667689,0.3950227,0.0001991218,0.00005830425,0.000001324308,0.0005989495,0.00005093978,0.001047286,0.1746475,0.00003804571,0.4276741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004720057,0.00023496,0.4594581,0.0002773719,0.00007837678,0.0001586733,0.02385094,0.09404901,0.0001588175,0.4070374,0.009333255,0.0006430248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908367,0.0001536953,0.00285916,0.0003940503,0.00009596523,0.0001170548,1.309595e-7,0.00001630195,0.005526873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991261,0.00009392927,0.0001544602,0.0001638424,0.0003300425,0.000004279747,0.000002089919,0.00001166017,0.0001135839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4270311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.523594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301259298","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1990453","title":"Exchange Trading Rules, Surveillance, and Insider Trading","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Insider trading; Business; Alternative trading system; Algorithmic trading; High-frequency trading; Pairs trade; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02554164321165956,"gpt":0.2230258208797767,"spread":0.1974841776681172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001677845,0.0001440656,0.0001555284,0.0002466892,0.0003203078,0.0002613007,0.0001409533,0.00005430163,0.0006028677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008504993,0.0001320099,0.0000572326,0.0001685362,0.00004194527,0.001890607,0.00004756349,0.0006072937,0.00002207987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001053877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001045888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001889138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008516506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982553,0.00002742656,0.0002168358,0.0001671976,0.0001740081,0.001159266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995566,0.00004350197,0.0002336691,0.0000886343,0.00005801845,0.00001957626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001485838,0.00007534573,0.03271476,0.00008449936,0.0001776291,0.00001571432,0.0006332979,1.989065e-7,0.00009263971,0.871257,0.001899734,0.0929006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019767,0.00006870308,0.05648698,0.00005909048,0.000106739,0.0007003511,0.007377737,0.00240888,0.00001489704,0.7249417,0.2051698,0.0006883973],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8316996,0.005636633,0.001443809,0.0007760735,0.0005640796,0.0001511481,7.506266e-7,0.0001113398,0.1596166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958726,0.001767297,0.00009202869,0.0005338343,0.001015144,0.000003247208,0.00000359317,0.00002584643,0.0006864129],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2032701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6600979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312398325","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4250915","title":"Investor-Firm Interactions and Corporate Securities Fraud","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Securities fraud; Accounting; Investment banking; Financial system; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01926006426759108,"gpt":0.2260408500568841,"spread":0.206780785789293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001203873,0.0001189026,0.0001172262,0.0002877979,0.001059965,0.0003807833,0.0001696133,0.00001912792,0.00109449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007319808,0.000122835,0.00005627152,0.0002553599,0.00005464815,0.001813979,0.0002082188,0.001283859,0.00002338972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002573859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002695657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001910585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007168824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984842,0.00004400367,0.0002097245,0.000149266,0.0002507683,0.0008620446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993295,0.00005261623,0.0004362621,0.0000931463,0.00007298937,0.00001547004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001056944,0.00006603659,0.005343948,0.00002232006,0.0001003684,0.000008041719,0.0001919007,0.0000460894,0.00008335213,0.977881,0.00662464,0.009526572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004580984,0.00003320361,0.001759095,0.000007246926,0.00004494099,0.0004153818,0.01410724,0.0009137401,0.000001869725,0.3338565,0.6482269,0.0001757437],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9576741,0.004235533,0.0003533213,0.005924097,0.001292552,0.00015433,0.000002877388,0.0001096673,0.03025356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913433,0.0007385434,0.00001819296,0.002072359,0.0008840583,0.00001741826,0.0000135306,0.00002208521,0.004890497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6440245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966284138","doi":"10.15406/sij.2019.03.00145","title":"Global corporate crime and the sino forest fraud in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sociology International Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University; King's University College","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Environmental crime; Illegal logging; Criminology; Forestry; Geography; Logging; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01270768699545343,"gpt":0.234819192418505,"spread":0.2221115054230515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004499234,0.00006736233,0.0001024139,0.00005165907,0.00007580948,0.0001484809,0.0002251998,0.00003678021,0.0006897413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001496333,0.00004729814,0.00002999713,0.00004638177,0.0001266506,0.0005266723,0.00009948517,0.0001670367,0.00003129347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001655542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001959741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1699527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2991241,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993685,0.00003885797,0.0001849673,0.00008644155,0.0001871392,0.0001340558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993307,0.000141627,0.0003256924,0.00004642686,0.0001476426,0.000007897538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001728877,0.000006660176,0.7460114,0.000003213176,0.00004957863,0.00002267548,0.00004960743,0.0001111003,0.000001891206,0.2483229,0.004483979,0.0007641496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002025435,0.000002754227,0.8442887,0.0000114595,0.00001124489,0.00008328522,0.001572874,0.00367769,1.708205e-7,0.1097197,0.03852693,0.00007971259],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9532733,0.0001703991,0.00002997978,0.01363585,0.00220679,0.00006952645,0.00000223076,0.00000567821,0.03060624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990144,0.00004469699,0.00001558425,0.008903957,0.000694482,0.000002068721,0.000008972719,0.000003674079,0.0001826093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1386031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8355747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W154586159","doi":"","title":"CRM R.I.P.? Not Exactly: Today's CRM Is Business Process Focused around Smaller, Provable Initiatives in Sales and Marketing","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ABA banking journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Customer relationship management; Marketing; Service (business)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02394821942511591,"gpt":0.2560386828035564,"spread":0.2320904633784404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001747613,0.0002731216,0.0003029104,0.0005524197,0.0005776707,0.001735692,0.0002518089,0.0001050532,0.0004256801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008642391,0.000256185,0.00005991233,0.0006983485,0.00009949908,0.005969505,0.0001421057,0.0004262469,0.00001903902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008099996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001302802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001400643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001762698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998131,0.00005321303,0.0005295296,0.0003364218,0.0004512887,0.0004985837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985651,0.0002364209,0.0006415995,0.0001384415,0.0003890058,0.00002938317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005506968,0.002601969,0.5889176,0.008825664,0.001004491,0.001435778,0.02111281,0.004088465,0.0036209,0.06966864,0.002715485,0.2905012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007054451,0.00003607676,0.8952669,0.002485532,0.0001292736,0.0003318426,0.008783896,0.002050771,0.0002738642,0.04399675,0.0383971,0.001193539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648271,0.0006119726,0.0002660984,0.005055504,0.000415465,0.0002491093,0.000001411384,0.0000784182,0.02849496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957141,0.000296303,0.0004680212,0.00215931,0.001183258,0.00001500617,0.000007504731,0.00004570468,0.0001108461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3063493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4303646622","doi":"10.54105/ijml.d2047.102222","title":"Prospects for the Indian Affiliate Marketing Industry: Growth of Affiliate Programs and Channels","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Indian Journal of Management and Language","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Marketing; The Internet; Advertising; Digital marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01139569087823906,"gpt":0.2282955512382979,"spread":0.2168998603600588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002128226,0.0001295861,0.0001879784,0.0003415574,0.0003512635,0.0002772447,0.0002395005,0.00004016329,0.0001910922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001162353,0.00009895465,0.00006922062,0.0003174771,0.00007291468,0.0006016121,0.0002854707,0.0002619474,5.16323e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001543188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001070599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003635204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001958285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989681,0.00004649826,0.0003211896,0.0001383009,0.0002957234,0.0002302169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989429,0.0001376291,0.0007152216,0.0001042975,0.00007708037,0.00002288545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004142628,0.0009279568,0.153929,0.00794649,0.002353264,0.001760864,0.03208641,0.0001898524,0.0001793933,0.04994903,0.0216933,0.7248418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01286345,0.0007166529,0.1759486,0.001046496,0.001550452,0.0004687946,0.4114474,0.002530274,0.0001701116,0.005777666,0.3860178,0.001462291],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927413,0.00138988,0.00002412093,0.002242876,0.0004015744,0.0007017354,0.000004451267,0.00001785632,0.002476188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979178,0.00008498134,0.0001646562,0.0005344166,0.0004247505,0.00003814412,0.000008462735,0.00001865833,0.0008081834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7233795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4035254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293067134","doi":"10.51410/jcgirm.9.1.16","title":"The Fallacy Of The Rational Apathy Theory: Minority Shareholder Electronic Participation In Nigerian Corporate Governance","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of corporate governance insurance and risk management","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Shareholder; Corporate law; Apathy; Shareholder primacy; Accounting; Business; Law and economics; Economics; Public relations; Political science; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01497212111137871,"gpt":0.2195954790577206,"spread":0.2046233579463418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00236644,0.0001626664,0.0002310926,0.00005839698,0.0005667185,0.0001737219,0.0004768679,0.00002644958,0.0000850035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001567981,0.0001084208,0.0001066378,0.0006155052,0.0001325688,0.001210387,0.0002745445,0.0003770296,0.000002040267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001272189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007313873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001815517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00070881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979119,0.0001915452,0.0006800769,0.000181193,0.0007540876,0.0002812369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937234,0.0001481766,0.005686376,0.0002411522,0.0001880021,0.00001290394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001406613,0.0002574185,0.4176469,0.0001312562,0.0001615132,0.00002271914,0.0001958176,0.005649149,0.00003480304,0.5237594,0.005030704,0.0457037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001078925,0.00003622201,0.8377457,0.00005161664,0.00006245337,0.000005811279,0.000482624,0.001229979,0.00001439232,0.05111727,0.1080401,0.0001348341],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907914,0.003067792,0.00008798839,0.001708455,0.0007561015,0.0003602265,0.00002562753,0.000008290774,0.003194103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912853,0.006955632,0.00002505001,0.0005326258,0.0001777096,0.00003612795,0.000003518627,0.00001235548,0.0009716317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4726421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4421274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210401002","doi":"10.1002/nav.22031","title":"Modeling and optimization of multilevel marketing operations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Supervisor; Randomness; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Operations research; Nonlinear programming; Nonlinear system; Mathematics; Economics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1489061128157857,"gpt":0.3766618425324451,"spread":0.2277557297166593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002417409,0.00008599996,0.0001308528,0.000230186,0.0003555914,0.0004250984,0.0001193545,0.00007203955,0.0004128159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01412169,0.00008772067,0.00002839032,0.0003905515,0.0001258766,0.0007032143,0.0003441433,0.0002206097,0.0000112019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000252938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009683071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004453401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001661725,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985997,0.0001137997,0.0002680756,0.0002368706,0.0005117976,0.0002697303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975615,0.0005933411,0.00005077792,0.0001823042,0.001591899,0.00002021979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001424239,0.0001350929,0.0007233424,0.000484942,0.0000332587,0.00002215884,0.0001197156,0.8895323,0.001364677,0.09498844,0.0006842097,0.01176946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002976054,0.000004620168,0.0004374025,0.00005867975,0.00001505458,0.000002294706,0.0007313346,0.9944693,0.00006155816,0.001133052,0.002697767,0.00009125804],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1796235,0.001185105,0.7125582,0.002936632,0.0005001315,0.000616696,0.00002547902,0.0001328805,0.1024214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832988,0.0002874986,0.01510925,0.0001443708,0.0003175515,0.00001113526,0.00006866237,0.00001737425,0.0007452944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8036754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9941828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013245069","doi":"10.1080/1351847x.2011.605899","title":"Law, ethics and finance: implications for international investment and portfolio management","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Finance","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Nothing; Business ethics; Management; Portfolio; Law; Political science; Law and economics; Economics; Finance; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05914364758641888,"gpt":0.272832724650699,"spread":0.2136890770642801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000982284,0.00007331591,0.00008311561,0.00009685806,0.0001544436,0.0001112601,0.0001453406,0.00001369288,0.00002193999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001120303,0.00006764972,0.00003003703,0.00006186547,0.00007291296,0.000833976,0.0001013907,0.0001196988,0.000003927987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007491063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006891375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004693792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003604902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994374,0.00002233844,0.0002582435,0.0001030436,0.00008640753,0.00009254975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991927,0.00004353183,0.0004446542,0.00008248683,0.0002293693,0.000007298447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006772613,0.00004219373,0.0006448778,0.00005136962,0.00003238266,0.00001529691,0.0002315109,0.000005940224,0.000009858341,0.9670135,0.01223687,0.01964853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005308972,0.00002104172,0.1234695,0.00005792184,0.00003278306,0.0000210984,0.0001349938,0.00009731801,0.00000636918,0.0144972,0.8610535,0.00007740557],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1377896,0.001526645,0.008656023,0.009486933,0.001324823,0.0003940673,0.000008725588,0.00003178548,0.8407814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794711,0.002180434,0.00947982,0.00754579,0.0004950956,0.000004771405,0.000003709952,0.00001732262,0.0008019037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9525163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2758676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1845900603","doi":"","title":"Insider reporting obligations and options backdating","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Western University; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Issuer; Enforcement; Insider; Business; Insider trading; Accounting; Securities fraud; Actuarial science; Finance; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05989880269804447,"gpt":0.2197311429697451,"spread":0.1598323402717006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000663698,0.0001893923,0.0002716654,0.000365284,0.0007807958,0.0000694747,0.0003417065,0.00007304923,0.001359147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007166066,0.0002284883,0.0001435733,0.0003125993,0.000436039,0.001591941,0.0006863637,0.0002591014,0.00002731658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002943429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005818909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004449372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002313036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985623,0.00006332557,0.0004442265,0.0003636181,0.0002697188,0.0002968083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980507,0.0001820626,0.001105826,0.000381362,0.0002323856,0.00004765058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001250613,0.001410141,0.2363626,0.001593173,0.001090719,0.0005541915,0.07873317,0.00009551584,0.005298034,0.5703561,0.01398191,0.0892738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002383299,0.00008378415,0.5470611,0.0004971075,0.000503907,0.000113165,0.1361348,0.03610141,0.00006021478,0.02369236,0.2521932,0.001175634],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6831124,0.0001568802,0.0006034635,0.0007905735,0.0001108467,0.0002508874,0.00001963063,0.0001360475,0.3148192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9842576,0.0002076417,0.01285839,0.0003432378,0.000107637,9.3828e-7,0.00008117127,0.00002497606,0.002118351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5466638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301381235","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1534251","title":"The Economic Consequences of Disclosure Regulation: Evidence from Online Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices in U.S. and Canadian Markets","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Brock University; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Accounting; Business; Voluntary disclosure; Information asymmetry; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01916681566745007,"gpt":0.2479327420778091,"spread":0.228765926410359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002230422,0.0001153626,0.0001730885,0.00009260638,0.0001910742,0.0001913676,0.0002987206,0.0000655228,0.0001417058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009080793,0.00008588623,0.00004091928,0.0001480572,0.0002662066,0.002087946,0.00004698743,0.0007089259,0.000002241025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001431571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07881112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8705702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998639,0.00005435938,0.0004074637,0.0001596246,0.0001782483,0.0005612547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970264,0.0003839895,0.002288684,0.0001677856,0.0001143565,0.00001877263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000453281,0.00003512744,0.6402485,0.00005200822,0.0001299725,0.000004755995,0.0001275932,0.00004998571,0.001898401,0.3323677,0.0003252703,0.02430735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004810532,0.00002297673,0.8043358,0.0001421283,0.00005335046,0.00004168854,0.002551872,0.001577535,0.00005844102,0.1768181,0.01374601,0.0001709475],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856361,0.003235335,0.000006446296,0.00984516,0.0003254685,0.0001143876,0.00001262876,0.000004663164,0.0008197908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930024,0.006263637,0.00004899551,0.00007136365,0.0003761747,0.000002236547,0.000008097863,0.000009833508,0.0002172351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7917591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9273232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404943966","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v26i6.7387","title":"ESG Disclosure Based on Regulatory Landscape: An Enquiry Into the Stock Exchange Enlisted Banks in a Fastest Growing Economy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Business and Economics","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stock exchange; Stock (firearms); Business; Accounting; Financial system; Finance; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01345992099088273,"gpt":0.2175370661814899,"spread":0.2040771451906072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007667143,0.0001800921,0.000262851,0.0004427118,0.0001397247,0.000951816,0.0001917457,0.00008522451,0.0001051033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002328577,0.0001340441,0.00006119764,0.0002460521,0.00006013889,0.00248938,0.00007140889,0.0002261438,0.00000642459],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005156152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000637466,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003730968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001159232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990795,0.00001143419,0.0004407268,0.000210287,0.00007662412,0.0001813913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992441,0.0001533513,0.0003313465,0.0001771214,0.00007120729,0.00002289748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002988199,0.000630794,0.02020603,0.003542353,0.0003070149,0.0001868171,0.004136782,0.04472293,0.0002156471,0.2263683,0.005830326,0.6908648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002751693,0.00005387223,0.1180981,0.0004529393,0.0001827656,0.00004165352,0.00455508,0.2595232,0.0000240469,0.008848672,0.6047561,0.0007119243],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801282,0.0004402843,0.0001410212,0.003224954,0.000567526,0.0001857975,0.000001128751,0.00002542963,0.01528571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959896,0.000115061,0.00006406179,0.002139077,0.001595681,0.00001420433,0.00001272515,0.0000309896,0.00003855224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6901529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9178383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125175927","doi":"","title":"Corporate Governance and the Responsibility of the Board of Directors for Strategic Financial Reporting","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Corporation; Accounting; Secrecy; Transparency (behavior); Public relations; Context (archaeology); Corporate communication; Element (criminal law); Finance; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03313503252981314,"gpt":0.2450257873454686,"spread":0.2118907548156555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003521449,0.00007746738,0.000181361,0.00002780906,0.0003386087,0.0000402256,0.0001575283,0.00002805978,0.00001081157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002255484,0.00004420706,0.0001200664,0.0001500876,0.0002979638,0.0003539173,0.00004960784,0.000322833,1.870792e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004743048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006103521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002389747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007538255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986957,0.0000474397,0.0005534348,0.00009951528,0.0001972348,0.0004066451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958333,0.000190391,0.003637017,0.0001375238,0.0001972061,0.00000455189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001109368,0.00002863911,0.01840984,0.00005202892,0.00004115323,6.832814e-7,0.0001095097,0.00002139371,0.0001656627,0.9775456,0.000124289,0.002391887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003166407,0.00006307464,0.1208663,0.00007819886,0.0001608085,0.0001640244,0.002148103,0.002132466,0.0002114441,0.8567795,0.01401901,0.000210696],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945644,0.0007060168,0.00007507807,0.001235621,0.0002232102,0.0001994109,0.0000012444,0.000006412444,0.002988627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984926,0.000480419,0.00002064576,0.0001122248,0.0002956668,0.000003925751,4.983274e-7,0.000007103441,0.0005869461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1207661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2700188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1593029242","doi":"","title":"Is Less Really Better","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Moral hazard; Business; Financial market; Enforcement; Information asymmetry; Audit; Accounting; Incentive; Securities fraud; Independence (probability theory); Sarbanes–Oxley Act; Litigation risk analysis; Capital market; Finance; Financial regulation; Economics; Market economy; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01390054430096795,"gpt":0.2369965994205221,"spread":0.2230960551195542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001471606,0.0001213844,0.0001111993,0.0001594542,0.0002785878,0.0003789861,0.0001741066,0.00005211844,0.0008649901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001117059,0.0001084354,0.00008864979,0.000200516,0.00002526064,0.001496921,0.00002786094,0.000718279,0.0001993382],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001319928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002698689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006848267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000317427,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980909,0.00002559924,0.000202658,0.000143251,0.0002452012,0.001292351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995003,0.00002835074,0.0002208442,0.000126402,0.0001121981,0.00001193922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003383903,0.00004449259,0.00758698,0.00001504448,0.00009027933,0.000004465989,0.00004269611,0.000002982732,0.00006536173,0.9479723,0.007038382,0.03710321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005051714,0.00001069969,0.001103474,0.000009293274,0.00004097367,0.0001116365,0.001865725,0.00007062258,0.00001925653,0.3797528,0.6163453,0.0001649502],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6443069,0.001472995,0.003465272,0.01149264,0.0008496337,0.0001463193,4.501062e-7,0.00009712133,0.3381687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851014,0.000578579,0.00006007125,0.007562569,0.001048283,0.000002777708,0.000002642759,0.00002450741,0.005619161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.609307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9471034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408447432","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-74523-2_7","title":"Financial Fraud, Wrongdoing, and Regulation: A Review of Recent Cases from the US Banking Industry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ivey Foundation","funders":"","keywords":"Wrongdoing; Banking industry; Business; Accounting; Financial fraud; Financial system; Finance; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05397202361772879,"gpt":0.3559828506863997,"spread":0.3020108270686709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003560744,0.0005515711,0.001476192,0.00009284639,0.000513316,0.0003420938,0.0007483548,0.001092181,0.000989095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05526081,0.00043766,0.0003595022,0.001211349,0.0004849318,0.0009819681,0.001098561,0.002627317,0.000004704974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003599562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002540215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001908883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005592494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962726,0.0004396102,0.001246942,0.0007740385,0.0008429865,0.0004237705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9881346,0.005462339,0.003489101,0.001144247,0.001747514,0.00002218255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000207856,0.00005386118,0.000387109,0.2879193,0.00005808263,0.00001657749,0.00006755214,0.000001524696,7.455001e-9,0.09618486,0.01180999,0.6034803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001487608,0.000006238952,0.001133376,0.08538086,0.000833871,0.00000628754,0.0001126545,0.000009251868,7.714301e-8,0.01557539,0.8964301,0.00036317],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007370444,0.9812723,0.0000370604,0.01039427,0.0007157648,0.001726283,0.00007482396,0.00005807191,0.005647666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001923055,0.9914269,0.00004533356,0.005848589,0.001081609,0.0001454452,0.000135999,0.0000405861,0.00108319],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8846201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121831939","doi":"","title":"Building a Better Audit Profession: Align Incentives and Reduce Regulation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Audit; Incentive; Business; Auditor independence; Accounting; Public interest; Conflict of interest; External auditor; Product (mathematics); Product market; Finance; Joint audit; Economics; Law; Internal audit; Political science; Market economy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009321426585398238,"gpt":0.2653691568249075,"spread":0.2560477302395093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003047985,0.0001261358,0.000114396,0.0002480773,0.0004387046,0.000285466,0.0001209506,0.00006649065,0.000118069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001267016,0.000111311,0.00004515097,0.0002375352,0.00004773847,0.002203704,0.0000826346,0.0005947599,0.00001486973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001714497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001335397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000351125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001494596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981778,0.00002551379,0.0002625042,0.0001773312,0.0002549156,0.001101929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993494,0.00006653358,0.0003601507,0.0000909953,0.0001163104,0.00001658477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002614604,0.00005098081,0.007813982,0.0000425704,0.00008827968,0.00000584399,0.0001250516,0.000003949089,0.004350265,0.7647414,0.001350655,0.2211656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001610874,0.00004279009,0.07124379,0.0001659852,0.0001194574,0.0002680134,0.006965199,0.0007856273,0.0004333635,0.6862822,0.2315995,0.0004831688],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9681243,0.001078251,0.01482905,0.006222722,0.0005280318,0.0001681685,1.331062e-7,0.0000656849,0.008983632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950523,0.0002658382,0.0003975449,0.0008259522,0.002169792,0.000002163028,0.000003334712,0.00001894403,0.001264102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2302489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4539132,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1502489992","doi":"","title":"Optimal Regulatory Areas for Securities Disclosure","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis)","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Accounting; Actuarial science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02545070761864306,"gpt":0.2481256505245056,"spread":0.2226749429058625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00141532,0.0002636814,0.0002845193,0.0004703517,0.001545501,0.001675633,0.0008815236,0.0001973313,0.000345555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006851467,0.0003069272,0.0001430125,0.0005907303,0.0002752996,0.01068468,0.0003920319,0.0003838082,0.00002932148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003655952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003561963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002871536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002544232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981146,0.0001220739,0.0003372746,0.0005435071,0.0004783162,0.0004041981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998705,0.0002004204,0.0003245396,0.0003585383,0.0003601706,0.00005129605],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005028885,0.0002353748,0.04346974,0.0001489871,0.00005606429,0.00009101325,0.000155558,0.001388296,0.0001589225,0.9513394,0.002235889,0.0002179157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00195058,0.00001738285,0.03762517,0.0001994417,0.00006727075,0.00003047893,0.002734709,0.0002623133,0.0001586402,0.002908997,0.953577,0.0004680308],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6941674,0.0001274816,0.0002360854,0.0002742598,0.001018458,0.0006305664,0.00001991462,0.00007750055,0.3034483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885137,0.00001473119,0.0009878657,0.0004245857,0.0003572681,0.00001304851,0.0001070394,0.00002363623,0.00955812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9513411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2418101701","doi":"","title":"Book Review: Ken Mcphail and Diane Waters, Accounting and Business Ethics: An Introduction","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Accounting; Asset (computer security); Value (mathematics); Set (abstract data type); Dividend; Perspective (graphical); Economics; Finance; Mathematics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009064316362005989,"gpt":0.2457583402924285,"spread":0.2366940239304225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003081134,0.0001689317,0.0001979597,0.0001798913,0.0004873649,0.0005882976,0.0001297122,0.00008316142,0.0002086378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004032308,0.0001468334,0.00003034998,0.0002356372,0.00005272456,0.005292098,0.00004792609,0.001113559,0.000009167465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008439874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001517642,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005407628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007789678,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982504,0.00005129509,0.0002803253,0.0002542064,0.0002531745,0.0009106488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992288,0.00003781538,0.0003106063,0.0001329007,0.0002677086,0.00002214709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003421913,0.0001924604,0.002220243,0.001225071,0.0001810403,0.00001499988,0.0003841369,0.00001590307,0.0005384285,0.2017186,0.1142487,0.6789182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004814984,0.00003552049,0.004881583,0.000117113,0.0001169822,0.0003194432,0.0006347685,0.0001823639,0.000003387368,0.02407174,0.9689167,0.0002389045],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.06863383,0.531092,0.001167111,0.3932805,0.0009442358,0.0005776393,8.320272e-7,0.0002282858,0.004075547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.303869,0.608351,0.00009842638,0.07518504,0.009094341,0.000006283409,0.00004723934,0.0000477303,0.003300936],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.854668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5987691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123400595","doi":"10.1108/13685201011034096","title":"Exploring illegal guarantees between group companies: a case from Turkey","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Money Laundering Control","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"","keywords":"Shareholder; Business; Audit; Accounting; Originality; Government (linguistics); Capital market; Statutory law; Finance; Public interest; Economics; Corporate governance; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05598845553775872,"gpt":0.2439041685254978,"spread":0.187915712987739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007481465,0.0001960667,0.0004249037,0.000309067,0.0002406881,0.0006167928,0.0002631096,0.00007098657,0.0002971909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004286837,0.0001719717,0.0001912085,0.000152145,0.00005679718,0.004390588,0.00007852515,0.0005440023,0.00002235147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002203113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001941222,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007758785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002555396,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998561,0.00002840199,0.0006028753,0.0001610253,0.000366621,0.0002800683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982621,0.0004949896,0.0007892564,0.0001910624,0.0002197132,0.0000428988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01119613,0.002877992,0.3071022,0.002153471,0.01228236,0.032943,0.0225176,0.006271627,0.1935515,0.1126865,0.02151925,0.2748984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02728248,0.0002200753,0.1557782,0.0007405492,0.002417426,0.002766677,0.02818898,0.05199113,0.0004072737,0.009883719,0.7180206,0.002302845],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924179,0.0001392099,0.002776132,0.001054921,0.001810856,0.0001212687,0.000004863977,0.0000632654,0.001611611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928582,0.00002029425,0.0005794746,0.0005024385,0.005977051,0.00000572609,0.00000384597,0.00003113501,0.00002180967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6965014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7012802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308177511","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n12p40","title":"Alignment Vetting of Bloomberg’s ISS: QualityScore [GQS]: Frequency of Provision of ESG & Related Disclosure Scores","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"State University of New York","keywords":"Vetting; Corporate governance; Context (archaeology); Business; Accounting; Stakeholder; Public relations; Computer science; Political science; Finance; Computer security; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01698467722827176,"gpt":0.2478044118470641,"spread":0.2308197346187923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005910044,0.00007019529,0.0002060533,0.0001876074,0.00004364564,0.00003313054,0.0002391431,0.00002325691,0.0001175039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001237652,0.00006897435,0.00008794326,0.00006590614,0.00005722384,0.0006638963,0.0001629032,0.00009394121,3.764141e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002937047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004028777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001662622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002670633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989164,0.00001737249,0.0007584787,0.00009152687,0.000149949,0.00006623083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973183,0.00007896552,0.002268293,0.00007935039,0.0002499074,0.000005223545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007275806,0.0006008902,0.1427587,0.0002768796,0.0005285167,0.00001800177,0.001414854,0.01749389,0.001536611,0.8092526,0.001198924,0.02419263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00980505,0.0005372615,0.2529135,0.001561688,0.0004089623,0.0003229846,0.006871453,0.03222327,0.002641927,0.3283292,0.3632801,0.001104621],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959019,0.0006006599,0.00003419064,0.00108284,0.0005469629,0.0000603062,0.00001759485,0.000001525364,0.001753949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986355,0.0006587924,0.0003526371,0.00009534525,0.0001176605,0.00000169397,0.00001031485,0.000007098382,0.0001209532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4809234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2812693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}