{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":847,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":847,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"a60b802f809e","filters":{"topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications"}},"results":[{"id":"W2090415875","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.07.003","title":"Needle insertion into soft tissue: A survey","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Engineering & Physics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":696,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Deflection (physics); Soft tissue; Deformation (meteorology); Stiffness; Percutaneous; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Surgery; Engineering; Medicine; Physics; Composite material; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02520734006857375,"gpt":0.2881071448701742,"spread":0.2628998048016005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002314833,0.0004771345,0.000990088,0.00008636704,0.00004465683,0.00004808083,0.0004148334,0.0004473708,0.00002803881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001455773,0.0004663417,0.0001988045,0.0006915104,0.00003148101,0.00005460269,0.00006953406,0.0007561593,0.0002287166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000155605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001028188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001168024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001333609,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983033,0.00002309795,0.0005584361,0.0002867674,0.0004541945,0.0003742099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989268,0.000302759,0.00005863993,0.0004362649,0.00003782004,0.0002377792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[1.406417e-7,0.00004218396,0.000001166056,0.006315439,0.00007683716,0.000005466869,0.0000136627,0.02523088,0.000002781074,0.0004046793,0.003901054,0.9640057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006923686,0.000008111841,0.00002013325,0.001944593,0.0001127046,0.000005622018,3.4218e-7,0.05911635,0.000003578159,0.00006048984,0.9382007,0.0004581564],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000577285,0.7494135,0.2489502,0.000006601676,0.0005069572,0.0002585132,0.00002983149,0.0006880311,0.0001406241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002401993,0.9954683,0.001352125,0.00001240395,0.001188616,0.0002323535,0.001166192,0.0002471323,0.00009271078],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9635475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791239448","doi":"10.1126/scirobotics.aar7986","title":"A soft, bistable valve for autonomous control of soft actuators","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Robotics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":530,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bistability; Soft robotics; Actuator; Soft tissue; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Materials science; Control (management); Medicine; Optoelectronics; Surgery; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01328102841237203,"gpt":0.2523693722673428,"spread":0.2390883438549708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002498335,0.00009563752,0.0001417199,0.00009199288,0.0001790441,0.00004459943,0.0003340542,0.00004034606,0.000012279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001202827,0.0000921185,0.00006437714,0.0004786142,0.0004623859,0.0001138842,0.00002517932,0.00004884714,0.00002494015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006123493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001378149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005555798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004140993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991338,0.000002291102,0.0001899318,0.0001708772,0.000166156,0.0003369453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992602,0.00009952716,0.00004386932,0.000283206,0.000211613,0.0001015239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004255679,0.00005694203,0.0007302249,0.00004797072,0.00003209192,1.645926e-7,0.0003973972,0.9279752,0.01750795,0.04272594,0.001031072,0.00949075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002712181,0.00007015996,0.0004307113,0.00001131356,0.00002900148,0.000001484345,0.00004840047,0.9846001,0.00839681,0.003314265,0.002678238,0.0001483253],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005772728,0.00003712876,0.9925112,0.0001125378,0.0003685117,0.000254843,0.00001963178,0.0001293615,0.000794057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9429961,0.000002412639,0.05676193,0.00004920016,0.0000857246,0.00002104813,0.000001456855,0.00001652912,0.00006559471],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9372234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3756483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2754300823","doi":"10.1109/tra.2003.817044","title":"Needle insertion modeling and simulation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":513,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Haptic technology; Finite element method; Stiffness; Imaging phantom; Displacement (psychology); Deformation (meteorology); Computer science; Planar; Contact force; Stiffness matrix; Matrix (chemical analysis); Simulation; Mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Structural engineering; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Computer graphics (images); Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0170910973383748,"gpt":0.2296195303958383,"spread":0.2125284330574635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005720312,0.0000969371,0.0000773987,0.00009200039,0.0001558881,0.00005295272,0.00001797689,0.00006432473,0.000006082838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002723693,0.0001052038,0.0000189564,0.0001252294,0.00001251034,0.0001293353,2.409345e-7,0.00008551725,0.000006743599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002336954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005271729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003785176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003954314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999554,0.00001059542,0.0001509606,0.0001125216,0.0000735986,0.00009835124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999777,0.00003995957,0.00001534848,0.00009054241,0.00002749708,0.00004968917],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.325651e-7,0.00001931052,0.000005885301,0.00001673986,0.000008303041,7.871014e-8,0.00007833057,0.9911492,0.001153759,0.001218,0.000002495605,0.006347004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001737152,0.00001638516,0.0001404936,0.00001521024,0.00002260367,0.000002664818,0.00003912575,0.9971339,0.001042127,0.001272197,0.00002933988,0.0001122526],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1441726,0.00004706367,0.8550984,0.00004289638,0.0001197652,0.0001139937,0.000002661282,0.0002001455,0.0002025354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910432,0.0001111966,0.008752534,0.00002341117,0.00001060426,0.00001566,0.000003224323,0.00001821749,0.00002194221],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8468707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4290088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2544641369","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2016.2622361","title":"Shape Sensing Techniques for Continuum Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Survey","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":404,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Singapore Millennium Foundation","keywords":"Robot; Instrumentation (computer programming); Kinematics; Invasive surgery; Computer science; Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Control engineering; Simulation; Engineering; Surgery; Physics; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03915820760928464,"gpt":0.2811081846672634,"spread":0.2419499770579788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004817607,0.0005567265,0.001401695,0.000926663,0.00005405309,0.00004592301,0.000235973,0.0005951808,0.00002309786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009624204,0.0004971549,0.0004815709,0.0008039037,0.00005673932,0.00006795527,0.000002467667,0.0005202351,0.00003042969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002962762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001613055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001374308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006379149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978592,0.00003891298,0.0008882544,0.0004399443,0.0002135978,0.0005600821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960839,0.003209328,0.00008228409,0.0003506548,0.00005549506,0.0002183609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000318161,0.0000477481,1.260359e-7,0.00365774,0.0001467694,0.000009495167,0.00001128043,0.001150031,0.0001596745,0.00000385597,0.0005781504,0.9942319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003564684,0.00006722035,0.000008443257,0.02961389,0.000257005,0.00005050141,0.000003572462,0.03024011,0.0009118771,0.00001289858,0.9369481,0.001529929],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000128218,0.2209935,0.7759519,0.00002515573,0.0008574793,0.0009615022,0.0005046133,0.0006794718,0.00001362695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009128334,0.9903705,0.00746348,0.00001257227,0.0002125163,0.0006164268,0.0001259721,0.0002461254,0.00003964945],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.992702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2337157527","doi":"10.1177/0278364915587925","title":"Design, kinematics, and control of a soft spatial fluidic elastomer manipulator","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":325,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidics; Kinematics; Soft robotics; Modular design; Computer science; Process (computing); Curvature; Robot; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Control engineering; Simulation; Control theory (sociology); Artificial intelligence; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Control (management); Geometry; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1146683534192975,"gpt":0.3477121906258172,"spread":0.2330438372065197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001459015,0.00007067701,0.0001511708,0.0001955222,0.00003230688,0.00005875745,0.0005116839,0.00003824112,0.00001445863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003304409,0.0000502717,0.00004010946,0.0001127452,0.0001176173,0.00006469533,0.0000672816,0.0002964465,0.00001170551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007717394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001005055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001786317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003147579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984378,0.00006550947,0.0003670731,0.00005250656,0.0009349213,0.0001421759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789,0.0005375922,0.00008845543,0.000126096,0.001247062,0.000110797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007704848,0.00007152159,0.0003633561,0.00001619074,0.0002613296,0.00001183539,0.0003990589,0.9752185,0.01628979,0.002606098,0.003368686,0.001316587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001631419,0.0002551138,0.0008865854,0.0001035654,0.00005275983,0.0001949517,0.0003002333,0.9789835,0.007919745,0.008718844,0.000833543,0.0001198001],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02712707,0.0008514924,0.9694741,0.001870801,0.0003561816,0.0001530109,0.000004332361,0.00001009733,0.0001529315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923082,0.00009355178,0.007255708,0.00002573384,0.0002603156,0.000003133127,7.384065e-7,0.00001660859,0.00003601457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9651811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.205002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155672172","doi":"10.1109/tmech.2008.924044","title":"MRI-Compatible Pneumatic Robot for Transperineal Prostate Needle Placement","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":291,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"National Center for Research Resources; National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Imaging phantom; Magnetic resonance imaging; Visualization; Workflow; Computer science; Modality (human–computer interaction); Robot; Biomedical engineering; Prostate; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Computer vision; Simulation; Radiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02089362384091398,"gpt":0.2253273807091414,"spread":0.2044337568682274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008402389,0.0002718426,0.0002628325,0.0001390577,0.0004516782,0.00004018704,0.0001844351,0.00009887316,0.0001005748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001210228,0.0002915432,0.0001840171,0.0002619098,0.00004607758,0.000118105,9.536811e-7,0.0002606628,0.0001054805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001735725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006949954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001322115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000372754,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986886,0.00001130958,0.0003713696,0.0002663954,0.0002098956,0.0004524465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999317,0.00008470036,0.0000362098,0.0003738762,0.00005126604,0.0001369668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002114613,0.0001552682,0.000003056605,0.00009724636,0.000075501,8.309905e-7,0.0006548728,0.9923167,0.004256686,0.0005901086,0.0003917479,0.001436872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001691459,0.0003213321,0.00002587595,0.00004819714,0.0001067391,0.00002362802,0.0002263106,0.942152,0.04237897,0.0004605516,0.01200254,0.000562344],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03770886,0.0001010478,0.9595001,0.0002626358,0.0004897446,0.001002828,0.0001559354,0.0005372611,0.0002415972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9632857,0.0004529094,0.03460816,0.0000502808,0.00005578383,0.0008645812,0.00003969392,0.00009817513,0.0005446914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9255769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165061586","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2005.846734","title":"Needle Steering and Motion Planning in Soft Tissues","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":250,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Motion planning; Deflection (physics); Obstacle avoidance; Jacobian matrix and determinant; Soft tissue; Computer science; Trajectory; Biomedical engineering; Engineering; Robot; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Mobile robot; Surgery; Mathematics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009349019298882424,"gpt":0.2214408645270674,"spread":0.212091845228185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000673888,0.0001336875,0.0001270484,0.0001998848,0.00004630208,0.00002535337,0.00006669675,0.00009833531,0.00003352968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002922814,0.0001539782,0.00002682525,0.0002310462,0.00002359828,0.00009802852,9.827191e-7,0.0002594562,0.00003006053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005895986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003986764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001076644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006241475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993218,0.000002730526,0.0001785313,0.0001473786,0.0001222782,0.0002273214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997015,0.00005314158,0.000007831901,0.0001077906,0.000006305992,0.0001234384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000106102,0.00003022632,0.000007520975,0.00002640466,0.00001058217,0.000002351665,0.0002957009,0.910586,0.008212283,0.00001851905,0.00002914191,0.08078022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000273674,0.00001669913,0.0004699944,0.00008036324,0.000007601173,0.00001095871,0.00004828088,0.9896444,0.003170726,0.000009826967,0.006092392,0.0001750901],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07485051,0.0002821812,0.923929,0.0001497074,0.0002101716,0.00008956815,0.000005150027,0.0004116331,0.00007202079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926525,0.00009271059,0.007059951,0.00001738145,0.00008930769,0.00002913272,0.00000308514,0.00003309153,0.00002280583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.917802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6279049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2432137114","doi":"10.3390/robotics5020011","title":"State of the Art Robotic Grippers and Applications","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Robotics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":235,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Grippers; Flexibility (engineering); Robot; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007434516066909863,"gpt":0.1967965924731845,"spread":0.1893620764062747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003284749,0.00006859838,0.0000807791,0.00002022739,0.00004273502,0.000008036513,0.0001155964,0.00002281021,0.000006109893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008310104,0.0000415071,0.00002789986,0.0001268514,0.00007496611,0.00002675805,0.00003112127,0.00004277642,0.00003330141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001684776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008467734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.200669e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005243433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996036,0.000004869201,0.0001306973,0.00007865993,0.00007081682,0.0001113213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995748,0.00006526201,0.0000240703,0.0002694067,0.00002561918,0.00004079124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[6.154324e-7,0.00002501998,0.003206529,0.00004654524,0.00003700369,1.240031e-7,0.00005236296,0.9301667,0.01028215,0.0286354,0.001926162,0.02562141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003315461,0.0001468557,0.209868,0.00069432,0.0006439391,0.00007814518,0.0001977806,0.3552269,0.07448481,0.1212138,0.2314436,0.002686406],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006244738,0.0002654629,0.9886252,0.001472823,0.0001522461,0.0004046435,0.00001950246,0.000149679,0.002665747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940117,0.0002154393,0.004801313,0.00003146215,0.00003688614,0.00003383193,0.000001234297,0.00002208713,0.0008460234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.987767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.169261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133823800","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2005.847548","title":"Interactive Simulation of Needle Insertion Models","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Haptic technology; Simulation; Computer science; Virtual reality; Deflection (physics); Planar; Interactive simulation; Torque; Displacement (psychology); Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Computer graphics (images); Engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01229162444242921,"gpt":0.2275482597079799,"spread":0.2152566352655507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004298449,0.0001157795,0.0001225622,0.0002068931,0.00002856583,0.000008544599,0.00007728271,0.00008930015,0.00004260874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003274337,0.0001230869,0.00006472609,0.0003009615,0.00002109692,0.0001697888,5.824778e-7,0.000186999,0.0000238583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008214744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007701782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004904998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001431732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993481,0.00000349956,0.0002407936,0.0001071312,0.0001570786,0.0001434172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996253,0.00009971036,0.00001792262,0.0001377319,0.00002960375,0.00008970842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004118024,0.00006882365,1.472445e-7,0.00001780802,0.00002770592,1.751425e-7,0.000127422,0.9576622,0.01891639,0.00006952185,0.00001806175,0.02308768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001916858,0.00002559939,0.00001856385,0.00003526967,0.00001424551,0.000001361609,0.00001532169,0.9713995,0.02702321,0.00003549058,0.001130402,0.000109307],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03541365,0.00002439893,0.9636613,0.00006621172,0.0002563575,0.000100181,0.0000165043,0.0003008675,0.0001605262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946557,0.0000319717,0.005143876,0.00001556578,0.00006971541,0.00003183289,0.000005345906,0.00002823171,0.00001773069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9592421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5019338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621263557","doi":"10.1177/0278364915587926","title":"Dynamics and trajectory optimization for a soft spatial fluidic elastomer manipulator","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":199,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Soft robotics; Computer science; Fluidics; Actuator; Elastomer; Robot; Trajectory; Control engineering; Simulation; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Aerospace engineering; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07757889251026731,"gpt":0.3453533066592719,"spread":0.2677744141490046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008786505,0.00006766461,0.00009478872,0.0001864351,0.00006178917,0.0001065724,0.0003986842,0.00004408072,0.000009901516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002102384,0.00005238866,0.000043118,0.0001051111,0.00007128785,0.00008654215,0.00005576604,0.0002488148,0.000004104476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002219613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009839754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001140164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002098755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988986,0.000026636,0.0002452893,0.00006371376,0.0006177718,0.0001479444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984269,0.0002854722,0.0000510226,0.00009535007,0.001035958,0.0001053158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003701768,0.00002947529,0.0001295864,0.000006744229,0.00008278424,0.000002434915,0.0001412155,0.991327,0.0003130392,0.003528702,0.002262721,0.002139271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004558317,0.00007944743,0.0001715797,0.00001892163,0.00001450148,0.00005806419,0.0001752303,0.9968179,0.0002136605,0.001431686,0.0005075469,0.00005563366],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02050688,0.0004229192,0.975505,0.002606541,0.000562267,0.0001677075,0.00001120557,0.00001685366,0.0002006258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9757772,0.000165272,0.02330695,0.00003448065,0.000556696,0.00001014685,0.00001046475,0.00002913294,0.0001096443],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9552703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2136348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068050180","doi":"10.1243/09544062jmes1917","title":"Force sensing and its application in minimally invasive surgery and therapy: A survey","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":196,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lawson Health Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Haptic technology; Computer science; Invasive surgery; Mist; Human–computer interaction; Systems engineering; Risk analysis (engineering); Data science; Simulation; Medicine; Engineering; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01702248043262634,"gpt":0.2245567369191228,"spread":0.2075342564864964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002062646,0.0001605013,0.0003510784,0.0002749251,0.00005410664,0.00002793864,0.000353084,0.000117133,8.971472e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002170851,0.000131129,0.00007145199,0.0007225026,0.000124954,0.0003220949,0.00008327787,0.0004482786,1.886013e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003846451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001038225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006993102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006571362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998542,0.000004917161,0.0006420162,0.0001770851,0.0004034146,0.0002305329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987862,0.0003345464,0.0002236653,0.0001011476,0.0003993152,0.0001552012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001489204,0.00002436669,0.0001215647,0.00009219424,0.00001407627,3.369289e-7,0.00004980581,0.01912408,0.9620723,0.01716032,0.000006108682,0.001319959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003551934,0.00005519658,0.002712847,0.000272997,0.0000171598,0.00007843885,0.00002866997,0.3882457,0.6073263,0.0006615527,0.00006333826,0.0001825876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873255,0.0001923084,0.01174254,0.0001111997,0.0003896899,0.0001944664,0.000004339986,0.00002627939,0.00001363593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955197,0.0003379675,0.004065847,0.00001001839,0.00004606829,0.000004264605,2.924318e-7,0.00001479813,0.000001051415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3691216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5347286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127964809","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2020.630245","title":"How to Model Tendon-Driven Continuum Robots and Benchmark Modelling Performance","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Robot; Computation; Benchmark (surveying); Kinematics; Artificial intelligence; Simulation; Algorithm; Physics; Classical mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01006153991397039,"gpt":0.193095538782913,"spread":0.1830339988689426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004550199,0.0001407521,0.0002072257,0.00007750022,0.00007260915,0.0001234419,0.0000733945,0.00007128347,7.881625e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007145234,0.0001537995,0.00002202351,0.0001705849,0.00002717502,0.0001109062,0.00005797285,0.000161578,5.955378e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002610943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001531162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001574197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007905124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992995,0.000005304295,0.0001434814,0.0002241165,0.00008261862,0.0002449645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996407,0.0000134034,0.00001455768,0.000168438,0.00004346409,0.0001194083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001379785,0.00001112506,0.005020911,0.00004162452,0.00001368221,0.000002831858,0.0001378797,0.9887471,0.0003022857,0.0007298696,0.003379324,0.001612025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001991605,0.000009250109,0.0005524825,0.00004772631,0.00001438497,0.000003844511,0.00008594189,0.9966971,0.0003173439,0.001202015,0.0006766153,0.0001941482],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05227443,0.001130112,0.9446574,0.001195945,0.0002296231,0.0001237898,0.000007630976,0.00004347833,0.0003376205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6671049,0.001142812,0.3310961,0.0001240484,0.00004219652,0.00001588454,0.0000110576,0.00002348008,0.0004394739],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6148305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6271763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2987061965","doi":"10.1177/0278364919886047","title":"Tendon-driven continuum robots with extensible sections—A model-based evaluation of path-following motions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":192,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Robot; Concentric; Actuator; Simulation; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Geometry; Mathematics; Control (management)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06580212772578617,"gpt":0.3730373882623292,"spread":0.307235260536543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001886116,0.000100373,0.0001768399,0.0003449091,0.00008806308,0.00007890143,0.0006177767,0.00005051267,0.00003292739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000160644,0.00007212819,0.0001140354,0.0003999369,0.00006747396,0.0001490618,0.00004939045,0.0004644865,0.00001639496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002410835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003742559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001156346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002216489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971932,0.00009555883,0.0003921932,0.0001044281,0.002015798,0.0001988789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958348,0.000306448,0.0001342972,0.000274082,0.003384112,0.00006629228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001786067,0.00007436241,0.001478779,0.000008534345,0.0001957472,0.000002730658,0.00009701535,0.9813233,0.01443108,0.001502127,0.0004392462,0.0004291944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008522179,0.00008455597,0.002038217,0.0001474934,0.00006949092,0.00002479216,0.0001534076,0.9905733,0.004137489,0.00180638,0.00003642319,0.00007619893],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6697499,0.0002333996,0.3250385,0.001613633,0.0007039492,0.0004771188,0.00001333882,0.00002837561,0.002141798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864256,0.00003506439,0.01323076,0.00001654493,0.0001230054,0.00001332709,0.000007552444,0.00002726029,0.0001209051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3166757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2941302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089919971","doi":"10.1118/1.1645680","title":"Robot-assisted 3D-TRUS guided prostate brachytherapy: System integration and validation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"London Health Sciences Centre; Robarts Clinical Trials; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Brachytherapy; Imaging phantom; Prostate brachytherapy; Fiducial marker; Computer science; Robot; 3D ultrasound; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Ultrasound; Medical physics; Medicine; Radiology; Radiation therapy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01630005795522272,"gpt":0.2482834071894853,"spread":0.2319833492342626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008862266,0.00009688781,0.000115342,0.00001674327,0.00006011992,0.00003568335,0.00006283588,0.00006688069,0.000005883625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002083301,0.00008623458,0.00002267073,0.0001539724,0.00003361837,0.00007412174,0.00001158968,0.0001218493,0.00002266461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007738173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002576128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000212201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004218261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993666,0.000008774802,0.0001805036,0.0001190305,0.0002078871,0.0001172006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996822,0.00002570785,0.00002729611,0.000134101,0.00003662483,0.00009406751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009845934,0.0002145544,0.0006680575,0.0004218811,0.0001372304,0.00001430374,0.001502706,0.1378,0.02442416,0.05514048,0.00111926,0.7785475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007716796,0.0002628053,0.04241216,0.001654076,0.0002699074,0.0001590403,0.000458971,0.6656876,0.2320514,0.0429056,0.004441024,0.001980691],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1559839,0.00009233156,0.8418106,0.0004517234,0.0001929586,0.0002443673,0.00000542526,0.0004257172,0.0007929241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973175,0.00004334215,0.002254538,0.0000556909,0.0001837262,0.00004630907,0.00006297872,0.00002137076,0.00001454394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8413336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3516544,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384129427","doi":"10.1126/science.adj3312","title":"Artificial intelligence meets medical robotics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","keywords":"Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Robot; SAFER; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Surgical robot; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04052170138085726,"gpt":0.3024093216489727,"spread":0.2618876202681154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003239747,0.00004365649,0.00004228473,0.00008109295,0.0001114457,0.00004030677,0.0003593663,0.00002544864,0.00005027865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001451817,0.00004152448,0.00001277619,0.001381472,0.0002188302,0.00005808633,0.0000575406,0.00007184072,0.000900925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001888056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000522539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001343795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005531631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991937,0.000001835877,0.0001045365,0.0001214835,0.0003644082,0.0002140936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996431,0.0000457434,0.000005876227,0.0001598139,0.00002538412,0.0001200458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[2.336065e-7,0.00001299217,0.0001217113,0.000008808352,0.000002301959,0.000007932923,0.0001913431,0.7144635,0.009506076,0.180342,0.0009045354,0.09443857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004333889,0.00000400629,0.001076952,0.000007332188,0.000001325358,0.000002676254,0.00004482432,0.9727085,0.009199067,0.0151951,0.001675575,0.00008032259],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1946708,0.0001888776,0.768899,0.01212477,0.003711594,0.0003704733,0.000008722628,0.003700724,0.01632504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971055,0.00004097203,0.002696117,0.00003652614,0.0000704124,0.000007046816,0.000001035769,0.000006204164,0.00003615874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8024347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903348871","doi":"10.1080/24699322.2018.1526972","title":"Steerable catheters for minimally invasive surgery: a review and future directions","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computer Assisted Surgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":176,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Catheter; Actuator; Invasive surgery; Computer science; Medicine; Biomedical engineering; Surgery; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05354496968906493,"gpt":0.2769571968490068,"spread":0.2234122271599419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003803457,0.0004901451,0.002255826,0.00027858,0.0001635629,0.000108315,0.0001716341,0.0002673985,0.00001764926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004561151,0.0004465433,0.0009517767,0.0005346322,0.00005164702,0.0000700229,0.00005812573,0.0002187352,0.00002835906],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009324957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002100275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000154466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005048117,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981998,0.00007678372,0.0007805765,0.0004705868,0.0001078333,0.0003643812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961479,0.002811292,0.0002130116,0.0005360973,0.0001321605,0.0001595593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[2.944405e-7,0.00001906128,0.000002812498,0.04616773,0.0003133715,0.000002228587,0.000008093887,0.000001345435,4.676428e-8,0.000007835971,0.2860726,0.6674046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002333547,0.000006017831,0.00002308998,0.01629675,0.001032918,0.00006583146,0.000001169639,0.00008913286,2.173355e-7,0.000005213835,0.9819978,0.0004584661],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002156703,0.9949702,0.001783754,0.0001338426,0.001500475,0.001010334,0.0001703684,0.0003306334,0.00009820576],"genre_scores_gemma":[4.7029e-7,0.9934744,0.003210557,0.0001932138,0.001412043,0.0009690598,0.0005242308,0.0001268871,0.00008909979],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6959253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997987,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2733697899","doi":"10.1039/c7tb01605k","title":"Click chemistry stereolithography for soft robots that self-heal","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Army Research Office; Cornell Center for Materials Research; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stereolithography; Soft robotics; Elastomer; Polydimethylsiloxane; Materials science; Soft lithography; Nanotechnology; Fabrication; 3D printing; Photopolymer; Robotics; Actuator; Computer science; Robot; Artificial intelligence; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01823191580203002,"gpt":0.2509370035906546,"spread":0.2327050877886246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002146586,0.0001608935,0.0002977287,0.00001281435,0.0001702441,0.0002408629,0.0004741055,0.000139027,0.0001216821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000411452,0.0001515338,0.0001416254,0.00001855822,0.00004082193,0.0001262021,0.00003947801,0.0001102595,0.000003670765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003527435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002857905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001253679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.007582e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991409,0.000003514859,0.00038664,0.0001072346,0.0001400234,0.0002216479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998955,0.00003899926,0.0003767604,0.0003977892,0.0001003884,0.0001310579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001952581,0.0000410379,0.0003788721,0.0005764583,0.0001076068,0.000004436707,0.00003311142,0.0005653597,0.995654,0.000009447986,0.002422959,0.0001872261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005890839,0.000008397749,0.001440241,0.00007267711,0.00006466383,0.0000860639,0.00002426825,0.0001696601,0.9890862,0.0003225525,0.007959358,0.0001768917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950221,0.0001396786,0.002439034,0.0002063179,0.0004436405,0.0001037116,0.00006769157,0.00007472041,0.001503128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924965,0.0001017986,0.006145948,0.00001512439,0.001055808,0.00001737921,0.00001049985,0.00003845824,0.0001184716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006567817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.617937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384701644","doi":"10.1016/j.media.2023.102878","title":"Robotic ultrasound imaging: State-of-the-art and future perspectives","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Image Analysis","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; Teleoperation; Modalities; Human–computer interaction; Data science; Robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01278421280006974,"gpt":0.2920633726128263,"spread":0.2792791598127565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002103126,0.0002578613,0.001106743,0.0002640366,0.00006428286,0.00005465272,0.000365649,0.0001073487,0.0002135355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001803797,0.0001758157,0.0006605174,0.002135279,0.0002033495,0.00003841503,0.00008072978,0.0004298219,0.00006520824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004810904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005974743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001133797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002829723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985976,0.0000501972,0.0004520352,0.0002916115,0.000397568,0.0002109695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988704,0.00034358,0.00009698477,0.0004783205,0.00005473696,0.0001559287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.037692e-7,0.00006711263,0.00008839423,0.007815962,0.007463359,0.00003387653,0.0004726612,0.0008320681,0.000002598539,0.0002742439,0.01208309,0.9708663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008765137,0.000003638874,0.0002375481,0.001191057,0.01523292,0.00002633718,0.0002483265,0.01311199,0.000001374787,0.0002150832,0.969164,0.0004800884],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003275702,0.9850162,0.01397693,0.0002417642,0.0001056782,0.0001774179,0.00003310854,0.0001269148,0.0003187157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00003067887,0.9986921,0.0004681041,0.00001089695,0.0002114968,0.00004388244,0.00006840134,0.00005402021,0.0004204501],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9703863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7169557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110508378","doi":"10.1002/rcs.184","title":"Three‐dimensional ultrasound‐guided robotic needle placement: an experimental evaluation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate; Queen's University; Johns Hopkins University; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Repeatability; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Robot; Robotic surgery; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05365155210188279,"gpt":0.3009057877007369,"spread":0.2472542355988541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007488892,0.000164282,0.0002855326,0.0002160041,0.00009227001,0.00007817361,0.0003155892,0.0001184106,0.0001996502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008956953,0.0001503222,0.0001190937,0.0001016478,0.00009329548,0.0001917538,0.00005929055,0.0002684656,0.000006771114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001176958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002040838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009120182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004193786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970468,0.00004607452,0.0006859812,0.0001502769,0.001892244,0.0001786405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984894,0.0004756167,0.000157792,0.0001241858,0.0004244782,0.0003285657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000245258,0.000491906,0.005163065,0.000009635884,0.0003675595,0.0001948924,0.000193466,0.9641938,0.0004294023,0.0006886485,0.01706939,0.01117367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008305012,0.00005876239,0.01868296,0.0001151516,0.00003538965,0.003553857,0.00003795865,0.975822,0.0001828533,0.0001817571,0.0002907722,0.0002080849],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5118189,0.0009468711,0.4822844,0.0009104199,0.00379725,0.0001142494,0.000004053942,0.00006003262,0.00006383786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865661,0.0001529134,0.01192473,0.0003012217,0.0009756446,0.000005636428,0.00004687247,0.00002367743,0.000003156029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4747472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6129963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084432779","doi":"10.1227/01.neu.0000108638.05274.e9","title":"Surgical Robotics: A Review and Neurosurgical Prototype Development","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Neurosurgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brampton Civic Hospital; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Robotics; Medicine; Robot; Artificial intelligence; Breadboard; Medical physics; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Computer vision; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03987322633058268,"gpt":0.288635758999881,"spread":0.2487625326692983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000196652,0.0005542887,0.001736859,0.0001322989,0.0000883042,0.00007312214,0.0002112919,0.000241783,0.00004442807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000417865,0.0004782611,0.000301156,0.0004493132,0.00005862261,0.00004560652,0.00009541184,0.0006015675,0.0001834477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007900922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002014789,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.338668e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.819037e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979014,0.0000642907,0.0009134423,0.0004984706,0.0002156917,0.0004067359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988948,0.000279977,0.0001154372,0.0004430886,0.00002995031,0.0002367174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001332193,0.00009079665,0.000005244507,0.224446,0.0001049607,0.0003673368,0.000006350444,0.00088338,1.320291e-7,0.0007073241,0.002270227,0.7711169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006125725,0.000009774972,0.000004800581,0.0170987,0.0003332811,0.0005030446,7.846588e-8,0.00002626566,2.640796e-7,0.00001205904,0.9815125,0.0004379762],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[8.780942e-7,0.9970457,0.0001016983,0.00004798203,0.0003061465,0.001607926,0.00001331701,0.000394044,0.0004823126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000002953776,0.9980918,0.0005148844,0.00007832978,0.0001074359,0.0008837512,0.00006582574,0.0001500958,0.0001049067],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9792423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130750661","doi":"10.1109/icma.2005.1626882","title":"Proposed wall climbing robot with permanent magnetic tracks for inspecting oil tanks","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Robot; Mobile robot; Mechanism (biology); Robot control; Teleoperation; Simulation; Climbing; Engineering; Workspace; Articulated robot; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006463377043195368,"gpt":0.1900132574225985,"spread":0.1835498803794032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004105002,0.0001117341,0.00009670421,0.00003463196,0.00008941557,0.00004584119,0.00007392924,0.00004003519,0.00002577345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000265531,0.0000944851,0.00003185026,0.00009719829,0.00001435373,0.00003916105,0.000006997256,0.00007834788,0.0000148065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004237153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008529165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005521328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001490585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994071,0.000002192518,0.0001547176,0.0001406985,0.00007758595,0.0002176737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997358,0.00003795283,0.00001662257,0.0001403995,0.00003359745,0.00003565823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008562987,0.0001264037,0.001184844,0.0001865084,0.00002416227,0.000003458288,0.0002027045,0.9360996,0.03626912,0.01337657,0.001291609,0.01122638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002602257,0.0003485434,0.01765497,0.0001226311,0.0001423584,0.00004953344,0.0003504184,0.9287333,0.03101094,0.001807539,0.01597124,0.001206234],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8204417,0.0002858348,0.1117756,0.0006114152,0.0001351332,0.0005770351,0.000006790124,0.001331832,0.06483469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9709314,0.000006889368,0.02664732,0.00003003071,0.00009735689,0.00007654777,0.00001641961,0.00004041865,0.002153634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1504897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3852991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104870442","doi":"10.1109/robot.2002.1014850","title":"Needle insertion modelling and simulation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Imaging phantom; Planar; Finite element method; Deformation (meteorology); Computer science; Contact force; Penetration (warfare); Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Optics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02261580650205434,"gpt":0.2193479828276358,"spread":0.1967321763255815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001801412,0.00002368268,0.00001963856,0.00001297563,0.00001987995,0.000009871451,0.000007152289,0.00001466021,0.00001176745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002013687,0.00002371126,0.000004339629,0.00003981165,0.000002276132,0.0000317136,0.000001073325,0.00001660083,0.000009193847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004564249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.516349e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002395038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.16039e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998749,0.000001348798,0.00003791365,0.00003151294,0.00001778803,0.00003650166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999926,0.00001300969,0.000002270914,0.0000374768,0.000006314772,0.00001496604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[5.747921e-8,0.0000017303,0.0001025745,0.000001929203,0.000001027857,1.194911e-8,0.00002115911,0.9909643,0.0003930234,0.008170048,0.00001420076,0.0003299548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003427464,0.000001204205,0.0001828386,8.807833e-7,0.000001540998,2.063089e-7,0.00001216702,0.9953501,0.0005953922,0.002201036,0.001589194,0.00003121663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2466542,0.00003951563,0.7451395,0.000006642623,0.00001474012,0.00002664274,1.117414e-7,0.00007965279,0.008039044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902291,0.00001410107,0.009663478,0.00001119423,0.000006556991,0.000002790638,0.000001053669,0.000005020755,0.00006671574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7435749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0966917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253459495","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-28572-1","title":"Experimental Robotics","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Springer tracts in advanced robotics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01288254440605871,"gpt":0.2378230033550177,"spread":0.224940458948959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006609277,0.0006422667,0.000632474,0.0002572449,0.00006723208,0.00008625824,0.0004835291,0.0005411654,0.00009739676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002114501,0.0007486867,0.0001518269,0.0001643132,0.00008916191,0.000194498,0.0001056617,0.001124584,0.0005716598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000708362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009820952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002297171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008201541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978241,0.000009501624,0.0006928142,0.0004927099,0.0003322641,0.0006486498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986776,0.0001316975,0.0001273792,0.0007935744,0.00006233389,0.000207455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001744228,0.00008512614,0.0000133767,0.000111889,0.00003859456,0.00001866214,0.00006702114,0.9748691,0.001033665,0.01868103,0.003022795,0.002057026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004834129,0.0003492092,0.001993875,0.003375542,0.0004140569,0.00009062014,0.0003012674,0.4008337,0.01466504,0.04100177,0.5218135,0.01032731],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008616868,0.01321727,0.1277469,0.000275891,0.006368885,0.003252958,0.00006682963,0.00242627,0.8457833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06577048,0.002268257,0.4611405,0.0002673127,0.001548269,0.0004749946,0.0004031034,0.001373371,0.4667537],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5740354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017756316","doi":"10.1109/tmech.2011.2163523","title":"Development and Evaluation of an Actuated MRI-Compatible Robotic System for MRI-Guided Prostate Intervention","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Saudi Basic Industries Corporation; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Magnetic resonance imaging; Imaging phantom; Prostate; Medicine; Prostate cancer; Biomedical engineering; Interventional magnetic resonance imaging; Computer science; Radiology; Cancer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05976194469581487,"gpt":0.2784961749476089,"spread":0.218734230251794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004922754,0.0001690809,0.0001972519,0.0001600263,0.0001285159,0.00002187679,0.0001037167,0.00008753136,0.00002336703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002424556,0.0001789772,0.00007028657,0.0001718256,0.00001786457,0.0001561046,0.000001480577,0.0001076912,0.000009180129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002357096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005946929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002097125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009536502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998886,0.00003456432,0.0004324613,0.0002178078,0.0002246933,0.0002044458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993601,0.00002691407,0.00008589451,0.0002522907,0.0001965989,0.0000781568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003207605,0.0002597767,0.000004828315,0.00037486,0.0001674956,1.677793e-7,0.001734772,0.9536398,0.005027177,0.001525129,0.00001812161,0.03721578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070543,0.0001256739,0.0001014277,0.000112092,0.0002192861,0.000004444145,0.0005056168,0.8302857,0.1669166,0.0003651761,0.0001012969,0.0001920549],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3043904,0.00005250019,0.6941945,0.000008616927,0.0002474155,0.0008454575,0.00002087591,0.0001769495,0.00006329139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9300685,0.00002127013,0.06930757,0.000002366403,0.00001048267,0.0004871096,0.00004025608,0.00004050477,0.00002195957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6256781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7298478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115650576","doi":"10.1002/rcs.136","title":"Minimization of needle deflection in robot‐assisted percutaneous therapy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lawson Health Research Institute; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Deflection (physics); Robot; Percutaneous; Axial symmetry; Soft tissue; Homogeneous; Biomedical engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Surgery; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Mathematics; Optics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02343365836015469,"gpt":0.273250725923077,"spread":0.2498170675629223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006539244,0.0001050106,0.0002615619,0.0004036476,0.00001898596,0.00003798539,0.0002007015,0.0001330168,0.00002400633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007650367,0.00009612858,0.000105333,0.0002295414,0.00004566209,0.00007134004,0.00002761704,0.0002329483,6.386866e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006633541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007037162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001530529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001843198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982785,0.00002684339,0.0007739178,0.00008644375,0.0006988526,0.0001354549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987347,0.0006143008,0.0001808794,0.00006905253,0.0002692087,0.0001318599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001034541,0.0004692832,0.02069534,0.00003540126,0.0003345199,0.0004450059,0.0003016937,0.2395047,0.001547976,0.0009351862,0.001225845,0.7344015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001142261,0.00009553554,0.4331358,0.0005642993,0.00003064158,0.003505971,0.0001166932,0.5585067,0.0006083036,0.000446821,0.001535182,0.0003118092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.275943,0.0005585258,0.7206522,0.0008686386,0.001794955,0.00005058948,0.000001617334,0.0000234196,0.0001070421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866141,0.001208897,0.0116735,0.0001231457,0.0003534464,6.262274e-7,0.000007555097,0.00001492185,0.00000377831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7340897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.392001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200397375","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-27265-w","title":"Legless soft robots capable of rapid, continuous, and steered jumping","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Bristol","keywords":"Jumping; Robot; Obstacle; Computer science; Actuator; Simulation; Obstacle avoidance; Mobile robot; Control theory (sociology); Artificial intelligence; Control (management); Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01509076259522024,"gpt":0.251997369483376,"spread":0.2369066068881557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007017646,0.00008256294,0.0001527162,0.00004209632,0.0001414481,0.00002853846,0.0003319622,0.0001448161,0.00003018509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006144979,0.0000933817,0.000035967,0.0002638887,0.00006598799,0.00005713286,0.0001444664,0.0004074538,0.000007451204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001649285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000223519,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009096711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001244521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995143,0.00002537735,0.0001796434,0.0000997695,0.00007070205,0.0001101658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985172,0.0002113013,0.00003446395,0.001041379,0.0001514422,0.00004425213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009195342,0.0008378836,0.01162542,0.0006296327,0.0009118845,0.000007110812,0.002781265,0.05959385,0.2453453,0.5262868,0.04638934,0.1055823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001420059,0.00003322873,0.03413596,0.0003488083,0.0002622667,0.00006827329,0.001402796,0.1336354,0.03793855,0.002328245,0.7874404,0.0009860401],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1556478,0.5507168,0.05765967,0.01703728,0.001135505,0.001893151,0.0005193169,0.002055066,0.2133354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788416,0.001794889,0.01893849,0.00005185613,0.00001877474,0.00002722592,0.00008213482,0.00001981473,0.0002252325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8231938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3807995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984466921","doi":"10.1227/neu.0b013e318270da19","title":"The Evolution of neuroArm","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurosurgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Microsurgery; Medical physics; Magnetic resonance imaging; Robot; Scope (computer science); Surgery; Computer science; Radiology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01112000131140542,"gpt":0.2027026856487434,"spread":0.191582684337338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006547935,0.00003546365,0.00003887833,0.0000161739,0.00004293617,0.000006075831,0.00004793434,0.00001377347,0.000003445731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002831725,0.0000275348,0.00002854803,0.0001063587,0.0000191299,0.00003452874,0.000008717685,0.0000462825,0.0000201303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001031848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003754148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002349779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.067543e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996983,0.000006541005,0.0000921436,0.00002949568,0.00005390119,0.0001195735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996509,0.0001553691,0.0000138472,0.0001414323,0.000009823415,0.00002863636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000109208,0.0002250354,0.3507865,0.0001047131,0.00004768839,0.00000162812,0.0002712585,0.1227477,0.2586746,0.1334799,0.1014636,0.03218644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001114405,0.00001266826,0.7063312,0.00000957285,0.00002361092,0.00001587477,0.00005272776,0.04137683,0.01526587,0.0008449096,0.2357139,0.0002413573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836174,0.001114953,0.006311698,0.0001553946,0.001860257,0.0000884833,0.000003904619,0.0001968945,0.006650973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999729,0.00005012788,0.00003979954,0.00001548969,0.00009203033,0.000008756913,4.604898e-7,0.00001037242,0.00005399757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3555447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1122837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049577501","doi":"10.1177/0278364909101136","title":"Robot-assisted Tactile Sensing for Minimally Invasive Tumor Localization","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Palpation; Tactile sensor; Invasive surgery; Robot; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Robotics; Biomedical engineering; Computer vision; Robotic surgery; Engineering; Medicine; Radiology; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06729523552260887,"gpt":0.3585991759891274,"spread":0.2913039404665185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007632598,0.00008980236,0.000131513,0.0002409375,0.0001386681,0.0001819347,0.0006066618,0.00004031218,0.00001181692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004791357,0.00006988219,0.00009413855,0.0002424151,0.0000561514,0.0001181173,0.00003644584,0.0003237161,0.00001092914],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002102653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000138129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004623503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001211798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985409,0.00003969192,0.0003780294,0.00008398179,0.000739019,0.0002184053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972192,0.0007159896,0.0001076446,0.0001474888,0.001731573,0.00007811097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005295334,0.00005515682,0.00003176888,0.000009240656,0.0001067707,0.00002026501,0.0001813232,0.9360847,0.04024144,0.003089151,0.009312446,0.01081475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001273264,0.0003682207,0.004117709,0.0002615598,0.00005823799,0.0004877904,0.0006130429,0.9185907,0.04365266,0.02173631,0.008564121,0.0002764359],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0404993,0.0003304461,0.9420741,0.01380159,0.001031667,0.0005065171,0.00001570721,0.00006262763,0.001678106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9763849,0.0001048001,0.02263162,0.000191854,0.0005547386,0.000002461842,0.000008644202,0.00002116023,0.0000998303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9358856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2849713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016727646","doi":"10.1177/0278364920913926","title":"Modeling and analysis of soft robotic fingers using the fin ray effect","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"GRASP; Grippers; Computer science; Stiffness; Object (grammar); Artificial intelligence; Simulation; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09795730571816304,"gpt":0.3699678513885222,"spread":0.2720105456703591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001155221,0.00007858537,0.0002071733,0.0002417605,0.0000944395,0.00009413772,0.0006963232,0.0000330059,0.00001323608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003408174,0.00004752969,0.0001302012,0.0006316111,0.00009838954,0.00006225197,0.0001215543,0.000457459,0.000001552679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004723719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002365208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005029171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985777,0.00008802674,0.0003464492,0.00007521357,0.0007638597,0.0001487757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983493,0.000882976,0.00007142963,0.0001339759,0.0004905282,0.00007180285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001890166,0.000008042874,0.000442826,0.0000107519,0.0008972466,0.0000035352,0.0004980888,0.9912937,0.005704219,0.0004381456,0.00007624188,0.0006083393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001381963,0.00003460638,0.0001868686,0.00002692412,0.0002329323,0.000008470213,0.0001492858,0.9983926,0.0005317208,0.0002326949,0.00002230432,0.00004335781],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3692343,0.0007069441,0.6247123,0.005044843,0.0001317285,0.0001076842,0.000004522583,0.000009409041,0.00004820724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963388,0.0001758258,0.003260419,0.0000490668,0.0001530953,0.000001258835,0.000001675396,0.00001390936,0.000005912916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6271045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1987457,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2625379055","doi":"10.1089/soro.2016.0039","title":"A Soft Gripper with Rigidity Tunable Elastomer Strips as Ligaments","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soft Robotics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Rigidity (electromagnetism); Actuator; Materials science; Elastomer; Soft robotics; Flexural rigidity; Stiffness; Robot; Pneumatic actuator; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01492588945453344,"gpt":0.242989348176071,"spread":0.2280634587215375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001062877,0.0002388193,0.0002283698,0.00005021473,0.0005549467,0.0002662389,0.0004567881,0.0001185371,0.00007010836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007215572,0.0002168903,0.00006207191,0.00008943261,0.0001117915,0.000217897,0.00008972414,0.0003179046,0.0005641719],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007821992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005010837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004779622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004198743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988562,0.000008669084,0.0002047552,0.0002542124,0.0002518434,0.0004243229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867,0.00006078179,0.00008142799,0.0009241981,0.00008080315,0.0001827693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001297445,0.0001513665,0.02501677,0.00008604131,0.0001938362,0.00002212816,0.0002057582,0.9573234,0.001255591,0.004987044,0.008194868,0.002550199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007111842,0.0007591029,0.1882695,0.0007837457,0.001015676,0.0002250621,0.0006618761,0.4853356,0.01724642,0.02127252,0.2715675,0.005751175],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3931843,0.0006483552,0.5451629,0.002130826,0.002317202,0.001553148,0.00009309426,0.002275302,0.05263485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859515,0.00005760917,0.01156647,0.00008278804,0.0001907017,0.000039135,0.00001441128,0.00007485025,0.002022479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5927672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.884453,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100156971","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-1126-1_23","title":"Robotic Needle Steering: Design, Modeling, Planning, and Image Guidance","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Motion planning; Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Trajectory; Engineering; Path (computing); Simulation; Control engineering; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03224404322208246,"gpt":0.2302897845074071,"spread":0.1980457412853246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000629706,0.0003126104,0.0002662143,0.00008642916,0.00006803071,0.00008039318,0.0001707288,0.0003092137,0.000188082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006473802,0.0003228537,0.00005220183,0.00001703564,0.00004191318,0.00005576126,0.00005334301,0.0004544391,0.0001056125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000231101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001475077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000628719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003145365,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991707,0.000001456715,0.0002501343,0.0002559417,0.000113913,0.0002078381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993922,0.00003844243,0.00003393419,0.0003741038,0.00004546004,0.0001158585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001249528,0.000004678963,0.00000326966,0.00009945878,0.00006044285,0.000007399046,0.00008357492,0.949909,0.00331051,0.04303768,0.003040907,0.000441864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001063096,0.00001349633,0.000004273848,0.0001075674,0.00005077065,0.00001412425,0.000005776022,0.96652,0.0003385759,0.0084123,0.02392521,0.000501588],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000192879,0.0009687469,0.7018418,0.00002346821,0.0001331194,0.0001938832,0.00000434077,0.0003716683,0.2964437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03372014,0.0006162676,0.4592507,0.0001319245,0.000653629,0.00009933959,0.00006389769,0.000579798,0.5048842],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.242591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170193904","doi":"10.1109/tmi.2008.917246","title":"Dynamic 3-D Virtual Fixtures for Minimally Invasive Beating Heart Procedures","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; Robarts Clinical Trials; Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Haptic technology; Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Magnetic resonance imaging; Surgical instrument; Motion (physics); Radiology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0092400488681402,"gpt":0.2484496362872627,"spread":0.2392095874191225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007949036,0.0001579572,0.0001605996,0.000101141,0.0003130483,0.00002290582,0.0001494121,0.0000721332,0.0000786637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006970429,0.0001589581,0.0001057517,0.0001556032,0.000111015,0.00009050779,9.648647e-7,0.0002869762,0.00002726825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005312349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001183193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007826394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004693557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989852,0.000009307286,0.0002408821,0.0002098863,0.0002761061,0.0002786682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992106,0.0003945211,0.00001888046,0.0001499291,0.00004767771,0.0001784145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007143848,0.0007101537,0.0004004407,0.0005644419,0.0003347696,0.00007381462,0.00347234,0.756094,0.1142321,0.0003138889,0.02621509,0.09751758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00112931,0.00008237102,0.0006842104,0.0002719301,0.0000663325,0.0002441484,0.0004117747,0.9593349,0.03494131,0.0002431245,0.002044787,0.0005458117],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08543533,0.0001155143,0.9118971,0.001297015,0.0003472092,0.000289489,0.00002530089,0.0004019029,0.0001910991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893791,0.000106293,0.009451704,0.0005842394,0.00007292012,0.0002385832,0.000007996588,0.00004723555,0.0001119024],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9039438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6482123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964096150","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/53/1/022","title":"Contact surface and material nonlinearity modeling of human lungs","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University Health Network; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Hyperelastic material; Materials science; Human lung; Finite element method; Ogden; Composite material; Biomedical engineering; Lung; Structural engineering; Medicine; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1439135097911051,"gpt":0.3771894250423087,"spread":0.2332759152512036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001227558,0.00004720058,0.0001321543,0.00001469371,0.00001430668,0.000001169661,0.00002521259,0.00003690768,0.000002593491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004534605,0.0000385625,0.000004960802,0.00004233639,0.00004873364,0.00001053829,0.00001324359,0.00005815794,1.239954e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003837247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001710655,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001565041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002402168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997168,0.000003669498,0.000122554,0.00006343899,0.00001539044,0.00007819681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998673,0.00003917622,0.00001252153,0.00004864741,0.00001240419,0.00001995139],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001161121,0.00003005624,0.02172756,0.0001077755,0.00002383086,9.544605e-7,0.0006306358,0.007579447,0.9173499,0.04880693,0.00004011681,0.003691218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002322489,0.0004096161,0.01370213,0.0001574121,0.00006024205,0.000006868863,0.0007569803,0.8785012,0.02971142,0.07354615,0.000419075,0.0004063871],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986882,0.0001209642,0.01244321,0.00004636855,0.00005030763,0.00004345179,0.000004603449,0.00001298742,0.000396088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991605,0.0001059939,0.0005479893,0.00001997996,0.0001410972,6.27629e-7,0.00001858467,0.000004088371,0.000001094971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8876384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1572533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2601771264","doi":"10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.03.004","title":"Issues in closed-loop needle steering","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Control Engineering Practice","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Bevel; Trajectory; Nonholonomic system; Deflection (physics); Closed loop; Control engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Robot; Simulation; Biomedical engineering; Control (management); Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Mobile robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009633291346544417,"gpt":0.2612225054538374,"spread":0.251589214107293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002410818,0.0001711576,0.0002060089,0.00008753157,0.0001045705,0.0002284007,0.0003429355,0.00008193559,0.00001501175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007635324,0.000199146,0.00004257977,0.00007445143,0.00001556612,0.0006065921,0.00003651742,0.0002999933,0.00008220936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005951944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009832071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009045075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001056225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991862,0.000007998004,0.0002155528,0.0001651938,0.0001206193,0.0003044375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989403,0.0002618667,0.00005406306,0.0006210625,0.00004108821,0.00008164713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005792876,0.00002264112,0.0004136692,0.00003192081,0.00004437855,0.00001896861,0.00009632696,0.9902406,0.0030046,0.002595196,0.000326301,0.00319964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008418164,0.00001142508,0.01090274,0.00004601492,0.00003246702,0.00001246831,0.00003550589,0.8611876,0.0003443233,0.00003232062,0.126276,0.0002772763],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0783923,0.008528632,0.8514885,0.009884128,0.005377613,0.001720697,0.00003841545,0.003337429,0.04123225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936857,0.0001735055,0.0054833,0.00005157245,0.0002211751,0.00007845595,0.000001980771,0.00005779187,0.0002465612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9152933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8120939,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094882175","doi":"10.1227/01.neu.0000315996.73269.18","title":"AN IMAGE-GUIDED MAGNETIC RESONANCE-COMPATIBLE SURGICAL ROBOT","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurosurgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Robotics; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Magnetic resonance imaging; Robot; Computer vision; Microsurgery; Stereotaxy; Robotic surgery; Medical physics; Haptic technology; Surgery; Computer science; Radiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02796375741969332,"gpt":0.2456652611007531,"spread":0.2177015036810598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005830126,0.0001392246,0.0001742829,0.00007137329,0.0001129287,0.00003163569,0.0001381905,0.00005230651,0.0001570268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001562186,0.0001482988,0.00007039552,0.0002736703,0.0000614181,0.0001081227,0.00001505978,0.0001442663,0.0001723525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001419582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001683779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001043291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001041722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990903,0.00002107986,0.0002510117,0.0002108567,0.0001517089,0.0002750603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993099,0.0001123136,0.00001742132,0.0003938726,0.00003200325,0.0001345083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004416587,0.000893969,0.1364691,0.000140426,0.00002264032,0.002251243,0.0004610842,0.3435262,0.1537284,0.002253274,0.333326,0.02688344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008785765,0.0001089297,0.4463142,0.00002698785,0.00002087057,0.0009397665,0.00001045616,0.2683503,0.0132159,0.0002779251,0.2689168,0.0009393173],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909846,0.0007169118,0.001148825,0.0001054246,0.0004488595,0.0001339505,0.00001152451,0.0007561349,0.005693753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970908,0.0003725141,0.001857702,0.00008834643,0.0001931717,0.00003813955,0.00001487517,0.00005284536,0.000291588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3098451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6047451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1582311982","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-70521-5_18","title":"Estimation of the Fracture Toughness of Soft Tissue from Needle Insertion","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Fracture toughness; Fracture mechanics; Materials science; Penetration (warfare); Soft tissue; Work (physics); Fracture (geology); Toughness; Computer science; Biomedical engineering; Mechanics; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Surgery; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01064350768650493,"gpt":0.2201224056082491,"spread":0.2094788979217442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005248222,0.0001473167,0.0001958407,0.0001023706,0.00005278085,0.00001617469,0.0004762661,0.0001591573,0.00001274293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002323374,0.0001156683,0.00004248718,0.0002014047,0.0002135947,0.00006642571,0.00008183983,0.000238087,0.000003116305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005010183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005718441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004939047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000212563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991784,0.000003664521,0.0002411124,0.0002011043,0.0002698083,0.0001059073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992291,0.0001497449,0.0001078406,0.0004282125,0.00006233233,0.00002276125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[5.068263e-7,0.000004770209,0.00002596315,0.00001815835,0.000003546067,2.865193e-7,0.000334069,0.8894486,0.0008103951,0.0001120088,0.00002301391,0.1092187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007031267,0.00001432267,0.002362446,0.0002234852,0.0000103488,0.000003248703,1.404366e-7,0.9408407,0.03838967,0.01724918,0.000674293,0.0001618938],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004720908,0.0002966011,0.9939905,0.0001026896,0.0003721385,0.0001710065,0.00001238033,0.0000341753,0.0002995335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.958617,0.00002339918,0.04112841,0.00007990387,0.000102485,0.000003156337,0.00001025251,0.00001656506,0.00001881077],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9538961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4716817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104767879","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2009.2013134","title":"Catheter Kinematics for Intracardiac Navigation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Kinematics; Position (finance); Intracardiac injection; Computer science; Goodness of fit; Workspace; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Robot; Surgery; Machine learning; Medicine; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00783939557363957,"gpt":0.2232881293408035,"spread":0.2154487337671639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000658483,0.0001412848,0.0001406506,0.0001168995,0.00005458822,0.00002308355,0.0000908826,0.0001109095,0.00001221288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004566647,0.0001437288,0.0001085534,0.000230568,0.00001567943,0.00005358085,2.096334e-7,0.0001777046,0.00002265948],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005496564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006807964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.951209e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.76212e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992987,0.000002245438,0.0002165936,0.0001257573,0.0001392016,0.0002175066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995846,0.00008748205,0.00001171724,0.000166409,0.00002264559,0.000127149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002578814,0.0001041469,1.053467e-7,0.00005690241,0.00003925233,8.483274e-7,0.00008268715,0.9243259,0.032212,0.0004675398,0.0003872621,0.04232078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003139369,0.0001103192,0.00003122584,0.00006460289,0.00004049958,0.000007682424,0.000008364433,0.9620057,0.02883308,0.0002292157,0.008116461,0.0002389639],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0100501,0.00002687025,0.9882468,0.0002419503,0.000570734,0.000235315,0.00003738012,0.000524288,0.00006656526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9756024,0.00003040233,0.02398257,0.0000538627,0.0001499835,0.0001081961,0.00002046993,0.00003086273,0.00002127127],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9655523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5861092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981822312","doi":"10.1109/robot.2010.5509710","title":"Development of a pneumatic robot for MRI-guided transperineal prostate biopsy and brachytherapy: New approaches","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"National Center for Research Resources; National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Brachytherapy; Workspace; Robot; Computer science; Magnetic resonance imaging; Modular design; Simulation; Artificial intelligence; Radiology; Radiation therapy; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04401898078448691,"gpt":0.2434697429534363,"spread":0.1994507621689494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005407911,0.00008816404,0.0001137692,0.00002994655,0.00003419057,0.00001578277,0.00005595745,0.00003659761,0.00001671703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003064294,0.00007651649,0.00002179907,0.00006241891,0.00001769377,0.00003173825,0.000005268402,0.00004921176,0.000001643787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000448843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002568167,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005373494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004374296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995472,0.000001023774,0.0001984029,0.00009641799,0.00004403655,0.0001128741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997751,0.00002923383,0.0000173318,0.0001074085,0.00001074368,0.00006019887],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000172919,0.0001501896,0.001536933,0.001012419,0.000231046,3.487206e-7,0.01076167,0.06163793,0.730969,0.0420572,0.0004706361,0.1511553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002162155,0.00005003038,0.01359528,0.00004304654,0.00004947683,0.0000247542,0.0002893029,0.8031904,0.1627192,0.003270772,0.01389006,0.0007155316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.47827,0.00003616437,0.5204107,0.0002322026,0.00004665539,0.000467596,0.000003899565,0.0001149679,0.0004178366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5074955,0.000005548834,0.4922628,0.000005346301,0.00001523321,0.0000723047,0.000006900407,0.0000156392,0.0001207158],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7415525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3120252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161368485","doi":"10.1109/tbme.2011.2134096","title":"An MRI-Compatible Robotic System With Hybrid Tracking for MRI-Guided Prostate Intervention","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","keywords":"Fiducial marker; Imaging phantom; Scanner; Interfacing; Magnetic resonance imaging; Computer science; Tracking (education); Computer vision; Tracking system; Artificial intelligence; Prostate; Interventional magnetic resonance imaging; Biomedical engineering; Medicine; Computer hardware; Kalman filter; Nuclear medicine; Radiology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02028532068096087,"gpt":0.2300905414421485,"spread":0.2098052207611877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013428,0.0002367489,0.0002341524,0.0002492341,0.0001057183,0.00004462591,0.000177759,0.00007867565,0.0000229166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001909143,0.0002235523,0.0001071145,0.0003040656,0.00003581512,0.000183726,7.002798e-7,0.0002196165,0.00001613859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001239238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001645929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002938905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007215809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988208,0.000008477073,0.0003641428,0.0002670739,0.0001879356,0.0003515802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993485,0.00004644219,0.00003457625,0.0002871933,0.00005489956,0.0002284371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001721664,0.000189956,0.00000363008,0.0003589485,0.00009905146,0.000006106447,0.0002247385,0.9887247,0.00506877,0.0002740809,0.00005536367,0.00497745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000708255,0.0002631451,0.0000858858,0.0002811123,0.00007204399,0.0000458914,0.00009116242,0.9620018,0.0358518,0.00001011292,0.0002960368,0.0002927693],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01766767,0.0000253667,0.9799562,0.00002127955,0.0006041919,0.0005322422,0.00004061653,0.001097378,0.0000550501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9663391,0.00001317555,0.0330329,0.000006512317,0.00006871829,0.0004066579,0.00002592508,0.00008916208,0.00001787554],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9486714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9116198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782915047","doi":"10.1002/adma.201704446","title":"Slit Tubes for Semisoft Pneumatic Actuators","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Basic Energy Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Actuator; Pneumatic actuator; Materials science; Slit; Pneumatic artificial muscles; Elastomer; Fabrication; Bending; Tube (container); Soft robotics; Modulus; Artificial muscle; Mechanical engineering; Acoustics; Optics; Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007881987406295489,"gpt":0.2407669275529383,"spread":0.2328849401466428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006740646,0.00009373701,0.0001322987,0.0000219656,0.00005942987,0.00003146022,0.00009015581,0.00003565213,0.0001524422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005702058,0.00009032434,0.00002076011,0.00005038598,0.00002352614,0.00007041352,0.00001224154,0.00001418854,0.0001321803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002461122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005627257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001129455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001334067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995047,0.00000303435,0.0001655712,0.0001042696,0.00005389724,0.0001685545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996433,0.00006451068,0.00001437231,0.0001879294,0.00005218956,0.00003764534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004360994,0.000007526107,0.000004918604,0.00008544108,0.00001522553,9.434863e-8,0.00008697505,0.0005880001,0.9894843,0.003281186,0.001184065,0.005257896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002007586,0.00002973576,0.00009274665,0.00002686355,0.00001240912,0.000001299695,0.00001844257,0.0006173053,0.9633877,0.01015325,0.02530846,0.000151026],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8907755,0.00004710273,0.1063825,0.00005884841,0.0008581695,0.0004338491,0.00007749582,0.0004606602,0.0009058735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9716647,0.0000250859,0.02770877,0.00004435814,0.0002100728,0.000217448,0.00001820203,0.00003595291,0.00007544782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08088917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.368332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158372498","doi":"10.1007/s10439-015-1475-4","title":"30 Years of Neurosurgical Robots: Review and Trends for Manipulators and Associated Navigational Systems","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Health Sciences Centre; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Intuitive Surgical","keywords":"Robotics; Robot; Neurosurgery; Medicine; Microsurgery; Robotic surgery; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Medical physics; Surgery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08963297180902402,"gpt":0.3472452543278485,"spread":0.2576122825188245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003802071,0.0002101253,0.001225488,0.0001677677,0.0000102226,0.00001084346,0.0001159171,0.0002253167,0.000004785169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001540556,0.0002021824,0.0001477485,0.0003752309,0.00005488016,0.00002808265,0.00003746499,0.0001591752,6.99301e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001473987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002249055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002418213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.71159e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987486,0.00001463778,0.0006700345,0.0001732461,0.0002111069,0.0001823802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992138,0.0002460546,0.0001398027,0.0001417147,0.00007411942,0.0001845469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.730892e-7,0.00007773239,0.00000180493,0.1565737,0.0007701273,0.000005239807,0.00002214899,0.004632022,0.000009132598,0.002551436,0.008593209,0.8267626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001550753,0.00005104972,0.00004040674,0.01788944,0.0005115307,0.0000203202,0.00000128071,0.02075493,6.481102e-7,0.00001322732,0.9602851,0.0002770439],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003298376,0.9980863,0.001097465,0.00002788586,0.0001287622,0.0002897612,0.0002661086,0.00005945915,0.0000112836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003444579,0.9989197,0.0002524585,0.000007634845,0.00006297857,0.00008822058,0.0002642474,0.00004966209,0.0000106123],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9516919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8244759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169748775","doi":"10.1109/tro.2008.2001353","title":"Autonomous Image-Guided Robot-Assisted Active Catheter Insertion","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Catheter; Fluoroscopy; Actuator; Robot; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Computer vision; Biomedical engineering; Surgery; Simulation; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02997015813125887,"gpt":0.2416942833495076,"spread":0.2117241252182488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003549062,0.0002503716,0.0002143226,0.0001654687,0.0003192195,0.00003166047,0.0001633795,0.0001475666,0.00007396584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002849271,0.0002710574,0.0001580159,0.0003504018,0.00008507458,0.0001620547,0.000001053111,0.0003477447,0.0003291416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002124499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004324036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002585892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002304579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989231,0.00001939731,0.0003139552,0.0002501976,0.0001819216,0.0003114369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992408,0.00007118632,0.00003984928,0.0004215955,0.00009041025,0.0001362219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006590922,0.0002282608,0.000005659301,0.00001298689,0.0000674586,0.000007436682,0.0002068906,0.9826704,0.01155667,0.00004823567,0.0005167592,0.004672669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001645922,0.00023463,0.01053174,0.00006224764,0.0002768776,0.0003630443,0.0001161646,0.7809247,0.2031011,0.0002786074,0.001129817,0.001335235],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0316724,0.00001681448,0.9650686,0.000257994,0.0006021708,0.0002751405,0.00003214584,0.0007759742,0.001298805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669617,0.0001147856,0.03200796,0.00009830836,0.00006273338,0.00009226525,0.00001361026,0.00007950872,0.0005690869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9352893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157533866","doi":"10.1109/access.2021.3077186","title":"Cosserat Rod-Based Dynamic Modeling of Tendon-Driven Continuum Robots: A Tutorial","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Robot; Computer science; MATLAB; Simulation; Control engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02113461370496771,"gpt":0.2777683604437355,"spread":0.2566337467387678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003848751,0.0001114996,0.0001885796,0.00004470784,0.00004215783,0.00007869227,0.0002396643,0.00006609075,0.0000246302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000201887,0.0001211785,0.00006769373,0.000240158,0.00001604995,0.0001181409,0.00002539037,0.0001082626,0.000008028063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003932832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005289305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000291916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001358917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993018,0.00000977782,0.0002364127,0.0001618833,0.0001208247,0.0001692971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994244,0.00005531526,0.00003250917,0.000293145,0.0001445102,0.0000501312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002927862,0.00002914865,0.0002603285,0.00004145579,0.00002420441,0.000004189029,0.00002147233,0.9591351,0.03977641,0.0001136931,0.0003237414,0.0002673568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003924677,0.000005083495,0.0001720074,0.00003719086,0.00002479698,0.000001432875,0.00001028359,0.9648322,0.03390111,0.000288952,0.0002018763,0.0001326135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.505553,0.0001920509,0.4917617,0.0001008211,0.001304862,0.0001526931,0.00003237108,0.0001871993,0.000715304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967565,0.00002463329,0.002862013,0.00003103524,0.0001888668,0.00003884714,0.0000330759,0.00003060315,0.00003443559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4912035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4941517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157521920","doi":"10.1177/0278364909103785","title":"Robot-assisted Active Catheter Insertion: Algorithms and Experiments","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Catheter; Actuator; Computer science; SAFER; Controller (irrigation); Robot; Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Simulation; Algorithm; Surgery; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09173262974542203,"gpt":0.3881112984568156,"spread":0.2963786687113936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000421029,0.00007853387,0.0001013795,0.0001753535,0.00009548363,0.0001307429,0.0005185319,0.00004131776,0.00002075331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005462833,0.00005643739,0.00005057696,0.0001508958,0.00007153967,0.0001261076,0.00005602002,0.0004006676,0.00001196201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001387247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003720693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000560397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000169589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987716,0.00003791472,0.0002461653,0.00007373721,0.0007058941,0.0001646683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989911,0.0001623722,0.00005289732,0.0001305302,0.0005804028,0.00008271627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002226488,0.0007675071,0.0003627714,0.00001303302,0.0009079893,0.0001209189,0.003520841,0.4992086,0.1662561,0.01460639,0.009538518,0.3044747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005800344,0.001877833,0.2634309,0.0005861603,0.0001513993,0.002652662,0.003783383,0.4707046,0.1691144,0.05919502,0.02148273,0.001220532],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7582203,0.003583557,0.1703325,0.05470316,0.002794375,0.0008192856,0.00002570886,0.0001545044,0.009366672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993413,0.0003747187,0.005658197,0.00008895924,0.0003218109,0.000003316257,0.00000216083,0.00001162584,0.0001261525],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3032542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.230145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104370419","doi":"10.1109/iros.2003.1249629","title":"A force reflective master-slave system for minimally invasive surgery","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Haptic technology; Invasive surgery; Master/slave; Minimally invasive procedures; Computer science; Medical robotics; Telerobotics; Robotic surgery; Surgical robot; Surgery; Simulation; Robot; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Mobile robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02973160010996371,"gpt":0.2351734328576542,"spread":0.2054418327476905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004917529,0.00009272465,0.0001305457,0.0000500788,0.00004631904,0.00002444704,0.00006055659,0.00004680142,0.00000497366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002152372,0.00008879811,0.00007461722,0.00008674091,0.000009647095,0.00004557347,0.00001002932,0.00003641964,0.00004191562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001244175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003767079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001076023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006292549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995039,0.000002336022,0.0001521251,0.0001204752,0.00005205015,0.0001691071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995245,0.0002177103,0.00001894188,0.0001390415,0.00005045144,0.00004934258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008244489,0.0002061998,0.001283915,0.002500529,0.0007816186,0.00003126343,0.003418468,0.4944138,0.205997,0.2686259,0.01756633,0.00509254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00315374,0.0002711895,0.003652238,0.0008191467,0.0002269479,0.0001105547,0.005119591,0.03446753,0.9204369,0.02364468,0.006061466,0.002036078],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2350915,0.0001316693,0.7230244,0.000345232,0.0003919784,0.00109576,0.00004039513,0.001092867,0.03878617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984724,0.000005401309,0.01453625,0.00003916683,0.0000761264,0.0002612323,0.00001152711,0.00002892904,0.0003173199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7496325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3621082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132015231","doi":"10.3171/2012.11.jns12877","title":"Merging machines with microsurgery: clinical experience with neuroArm","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of neurosurgery","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Microsurgery; Dissection (medical); Surgery; Robotics; Robotic surgery; Medical physics; Da Vinci Surgical System; Robot; Adverse effect; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02788616845004805,"gpt":0.2792872364487758,"spread":0.2514010679987278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002988427,0.0001509302,0.0003013385,0.0001410327,0.00006066755,0.00004585393,0.0001299283,0.00003677479,0.00001613541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005726949,0.0001034143,0.0001067525,0.0003380312,0.00007346906,0.0003000224,0.00001544774,0.0003244407,0.000005695015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001166255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002633358,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.553684e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.352904e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988367,0.00003265676,0.0005254746,0.00009252696,0.0002239611,0.000288665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998928,0.0003731334,0.0002028425,0.0001913262,0.00007638318,0.000228381],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005978101,0.0001488076,0.973373,0.00002036604,0.00005184744,0.00009842432,0.000178962,0.009100685,0.009675124,0.00007279729,0.003059221,0.004161015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006863924,0.0002247145,0.9288907,0.000152611,0.0001122822,0.003170718,0.0001236706,0.003340198,0.005357127,0.00001994365,0.05734194,0.0005796877],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944708,0.0002601897,0.00379405,0.000162837,0.0009304631,0.00004694224,0.000001553015,0.00005570979,0.0002774338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975467,0.0001592052,0.00150309,0.0001915423,0.000520839,0.000004291315,4.989571e-7,0.00004687415,0.0000269333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05428272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4217112,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2786730872","doi":"10.1109/m2vip.2017.8267170","title":"Soft robotics: Definition and research issues","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Robot; Generality; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Soft robotics; Robotics; Soft materials; Marketing buzz; Human–computer interaction; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1165590961804435,"gpt":0.3597787096342325,"spread":0.243219613453789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009732721,0.00003316559,0.00003804883,0.00002482323,0.0002619766,0.0001481405,0.00008877071,0.00002728564,0.0000300497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003648968,0.00003139134,0.000006942596,0.00001729666,0.00005257425,0.0000616364,0.00003619884,0.00007041419,0.0001181988],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006400056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002441969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003859268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000206156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997212,0.000003038339,0.00004458668,0.00006295896,0.00006608804,0.0001021724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996548,0.00003746349,0.000004720648,0.0002371017,0.00003121292,0.00003465709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001614702,0.00003472587,0.009270519,0.00007619528,0.00002925673,0.000003371111,0.0002436477,0.01763876,0.005354926,0.9164881,0.0300292,0.02082965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006945177,0.00007109024,0.1952339,0.00008002379,0.00002572048,0.00001513759,0.0004319081,0.346854,0.01112995,0.3702744,0.07450894,0.0006804421],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.208194,0.001846148,0.1268274,0.0122288,0.0004219668,0.0005843234,0.00001162224,0.001103118,0.6487827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98757,0.0002263155,0.01155518,0.000008775983,0.00006760618,0.00001144665,0.000001989019,0.000009326093,0.0005493415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.779376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2014938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296434356","doi":"10.1039/d2sm01067d","title":"Recent advances in biomimetic soft robotics: fabrication approaches, driven strategies and applications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Soft Matter","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing; China Scholarship Council; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Soft robotics; Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04860957134326316,"gpt":0.2800856540825326,"spread":0.2314760827392695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007590731,0.0003188426,0.000583349,0.0002264348,0.00008769683,0.0001226171,0.0002778262,0.0001367811,0.0002200281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006430146,0.0003189474,0.00008772149,0.0005214351,0.0000563987,0.00017556,0.00008832463,0.0003581575,0.0001757786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001488895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000611802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002087657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007103723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987264,0.00003884657,0.0004650668,0.0003933787,0.0001270339,0.0002492472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992043,0.000173732,0.000111662,0.0004332353,0.00001517058,0.00006188391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[1.944079e-7,0.00003120445,0.00001894542,0.003394579,0.00002626415,5.041979e-7,0.00003859683,0.01218566,2.940735e-7,0.001071052,0.0003269623,0.9829057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005413314,0.000004508422,0.00001649941,0.0002324126,0.0001268828,0.00001041334,0.00008938356,0.001995225,1.383165e-7,0.001430952,0.9957132,0.0003262897],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[3.857548e-7,0.9607849,0.03618237,0.00006968508,0.00008458007,0.001049683,0.00003463004,0.0001498414,0.001643967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00003175583,0.9945651,0.001788175,0.00002309884,0.0001082165,0.002930239,0.0004191394,0.00008810159,0.00004619542],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9953862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2290167732","doi":"10.1109/tmech.2015.2479404","title":"Dual-Axial Motion Control of a Magnetic Levitation System Using Hall-Effect Sensors","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Position (finance); Hall effect sensor; Magnetic field; Magnetic flux; Polynomial; Physics; Magnetic levitation; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Magnet; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01841415389350934,"gpt":0.2307250110935711,"spread":0.2123108572000617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002693946,0.0002067433,0.0002765576,0.0001792881,0.00009022126,0.00002808237,0.00008529441,0.0001452333,0.00001166385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007686198,0.0002203076,0.0001321566,0.0002809984,0.00002842802,0.0001121287,8.999587e-7,0.0002168912,0.00005129286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003340133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005381274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004515114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001259894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988498,0.00007484034,0.0003542297,0.0001976045,0.0002723262,0.0002512097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992856,0.0001092453,0.00006786349,0.0002998876,0.0001132968,0.0001241349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002452778,0.00004597985,0.000005318605,0.0001135979,0.00004884078,0.00000119727,0.0001365399,0.9792636,0.0165597,0.001075723,0.00001813979,0.002706809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001356248,0.0002509404,0.00001722001,0.00006637196,0.000222183,0.00002225588,0.0002282171,0.9793914,0.01800792,0.0001166515,0.0001128604,0.0002077382],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1916303,0.0001421924,0.8066013,0.00003223387,0.0006366024,0.0004778234,0.00006036988,0.0002810316,0.0001381711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959119,0.00001592802,0.003831099,0.00000565064,0.00007336808,0.00006972676,0.00000890583,0.00005389771,0.00002950292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8042817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8983881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2586716914","doi":"10.1109/tmech.2017.2663322","title":"A Soft-Touch Gripper for Grasping Delicate Objects","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","topic":"Soft Robotics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"GRASP; Object (grammar); Volume (thermodynamics); Soft materials; Grippers; Computer science; Power (physics); Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Computer vision; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Nanotechnology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02533208555817658,"gpt":0.2638001102510105,"spread":0.2384680246928339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009930863,0.0002322028,0.0002082168,0.00009769906,0.0008918511,0.0001657895,0.0004145897,0.0001498402,0.00003362436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001001011,0.0002509053,0.0002016003,0.0000807969,0.00004245254,0.000184345,0.000002882561,0.000290672,0.0001273553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000122373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004303129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001733486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001055411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988706,0.000006517214,0.0002430358,0.0002935973,0.0001481659,0.0004381026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988199,0.00007297581,0.00005995259,0.0008521205,0.00006975226,0.0001253001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002555497,0.0001648325,0.00001197324,0.0001365252,0.0002216184,0.000001410466,0.000251779,0.9214447,0.02237559,0.007769775,0.001010409,0.04658587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001721593,0.0001792096,0.0001548115,0.0001078225,0.0002486362,0.00001380236,0.000155941,0.8909278,0.07081075,0.008903666,0.02579273,0.0009832609],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0109529,0.00009352138,0.9859874,0.000476697,0.0008648316,0.0005243561,0.00006572979,0.0004630074,0.0005715212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877083,0.0002048816,0.01096531,0.00007712618,0.0001265927,0.0004965318,0.00001055491,0.00008880056,0.0003219389],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9767554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}